T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dali

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T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dali T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARI VE BEYLİKLER DÖNEMİNDE AYDIN VE CİVARININ SİYASİ VE KÜLTÜREL DURUMU Burcu YILMAZ 1130204012 YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN Doç. Dr. Abdullah BAKIR ISPARTA - 2019 iii (YILMAZ, Burcu, Türkiye Selçukluları ve Beylikler Döneminde Aydın ve Civarının Siyasi ve Kültürel Durumu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Isparta, 2019) ÖZET Türkiye’nin batısında bulunan günümüz Aydın ilinin yerleşim çevresini oluşturan ilk çağların Tralleis antik kenti, kurulduğu alanda kendi güvenliğini sağlamakla birlikte bu bölgeden geçen transit yolları da kontrolü altına almış ve bu nedenle Aydın ve çevresi Anadolu tarihinin hemen hemen her döneminde içerisinde yer aldığı bölgenin başlıca merkezi olma özelliğini sürdürmüştür. Çalışmanın isminden de anlaşılacağı üzere tezin coğrafi kapsamını ve konusunu Türkiye Selçukluları ve beylikler döneminde Aydın ve civarının siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel durumu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma dört ana bölümden oluşmakta olup, başlangıç aşamasında Tralleis antik kentinin coğrafi konumu ve bölgenin adı üzerinde yapılan incelemelerle bölgenin tarihsel süreç boyunca hangi isimleri aldığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bölgeye dair ilk araştırmalar ise XIX. yüzyılda batılı gezginler aracılığıyla kentin arkeolojik zenginliklerinin bütün dünyaya tanıtılmasıyla başlamıştır. Birinci bölümde Türkiye Selçukluları döneminde Aydın ve çevresinin tarihi ele alınıp buraya gerçekleştirilen Müslüman Türk akınlarından söz edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise beyliklerin ortaya çıkışı ile beylikler dönemi bölgede Menteşeoğullarının varlığı konusuna değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Aydınoğulları beyliği ele alınarak kuruluşu ve menşei üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonrasında tek tek beyliğin başına geçen beylerin dönemleri hakkında bilgiler verilip Osmanlı Devleti himayesine geçişiyle bölüm sonlandırılmıştır. Aydınoğulları beyliğinin kuruluşundan Osmanlı ülkesine katılışına kadar ki olan süreç dikkate alınırsa bir asra yakın hüküm sürmüş olup bu süreçte Anadolu’nun Türkleşmesine büyük katkıları olmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde ise Türkiye Selçukluları ve Beylikler döneminde Aydın bölgesinde kültür ve medeniyet ele alınarak beylik dönemi mimarisi ve bölgede yaşamış ilim adamlarına yer verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tralleis, Aydın, Bizans Devleti, Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti, Aydınoğulları Beyliği, Umur Bey iv (YILMAZ, Burcu, Turkey Seljuks and Principalities Period of Aydin and Political Being and Cultural Status, Master Thesis, Isparta, 2019) ABSTRACT Tralleis ancient city of antiquity constitutes the sorrounding settlements of today’s Aydin province in the west of Turkey, this region as well as providing its own security in the area of establishment of the transit routes has taken under its control and is therefore Aydin and the environment are the main center of the region to be involved in almost every period of history Anatolia has continued its feature. The thesis can be understood in the name of geographial scope of the study and the issue of Turkey Seljuks and principalities period of political and vicinity Aydin contitutes social and cultural status. The study consists of four main sections. In the beginning, the geographical location of the ancient city of Tralleis and the name of the region were examined and the names of the region during the historical process were emphasized. The first researches in the region are XIX. century began with the introduction of the city’s archaeological wealt to the whole world through western travelers. Turkey Seljuks period in the history of Aydin and the environment be addressed first chapter here he said the Turkish raids were carried out by Muslims. In the second part, with the emergence of principalities, the existence of Menteşeoğuları in the principalites period is discussed. In the third section, the Aydınoğulları principality is discussed and its establishment and origin is emphasized. Afterwards, information was given about the periods of the beys who became the head of the individual principality and the department was ended with the transition to the protection of the Ottoman Empire. Considering the process from the establishment of the Aydınoğulları principality to its accession to the Ottoman Empire, it ruled for nearly a century and contributed greatly to the Turkification of Anatolia. In the fourth chapter, Turkey Seljuks and principalities period have also been given by taking in the culture and civilization of Aydin principality era architecture and scholars lived in the area. Keywords: Tralleis, Aydin, Byzantium Empire, Turkey Seljuk State, Aydınoğulları Principality, Umur Bey v İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ SAVUNMA SINAV TUTANAĞI .......................................................................... i YEMİN METNİ SAYFASI ............................................................................................ ii ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iv İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................... v KISALTMALAR .......................................................................................................... vii ÖN SÖZ ......................................................................................................................... viii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARI DÖNEMİNDE AYDIN VE DOLAYLARININ TARİHİ 1.1. BÖLGENİN TÜRK İDARESİNE GEÇİŞİ VE ÇAKA BEY DÖNEMİ ........... 28 1.2. BÖLGENİN BİZANS HÂKİMİYETİNE GEÇİŞİ ............................................. 31 1.3. XIII. YÜZYIL BAŞINDAN TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARININ YIKILIŞINA KADAR GEÇEN DÖNEM.. ......................................................... 34 1.4. TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLU DEVLETİ’NİN YIKILIŞINDAN SONRA BÖLGENİN DURUMU ........................................................................................ 38 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM BEYLİKLERİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE MENTEŞEOĞULLARININ AYDIN BÖLGESİNDEKİ HÂKİMİYETİ 2.1. ANADOLU’DA TÜRK BEYLİKLERİNİN KURULUŞU ................................. 42 2.2. MENTEŞEOĞULLARININ AYDIN BÖLGESİNDE HÂKİMİYET KURMASI .............................................................................................................. 44 2.3. SASA BEY’İN AYDIN CİVARINI KONTROL ALTINA ALIŞI VE FAALİYETLERİ ................................................................................................... 48 2.4. MENTEŞEOĞULLARININ BÖLGEDEKİ HÂKİMİYETİNİN SONA ERİŞİ VE YIKILIŞI .............................................................................................. 49 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM AYDINOĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ’NİN BÖLGEDEKİ SİYASİ DURUMU 3.1. AYDINOĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ’NİN MENŞEİ VE KURULUŞU ..................... 53 3.2. MEHMED BEY DÖNEMİ (1308-1334) ............................................................... 56 3.3. UMUR BEY DÖNEMİ (1334-1348) ..................................................................... 61 3.4. HIZIR BEY DÖNEMİ (1348-1360) ...................................................................... 83 vi 3.5. SÜLEYMAN ŞAH .................................................................................................. 88 3.6. İBRAHİM BAHADIR BEY .................................................................................. 89 3.7. FAHREDDİN İSA BEY DÖNEMİ (1360-1391) VE BEYLİĞİN OSMANLI DEVLETİ HÂKİMİYETİNE GEÇİŞİ ................................................................ 90 3.8. ANKARA SAVAŞI VE AYDINOĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ’NİN YENİDEN CANLANDIRILMASI .......................................................................................... 95 3.9. II. UMUR BEY DÖNEMİ (1403-1405) ................................................................ 97 3.10. CÜNEYD BEY DÖNEMİ (1405-1426) .............................................................. 98 3.11. AYDINOĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ’NİN YIKILIŞI VE BÖLGENİN TEKRAR OSMANLI DEVLETİ HÂKİMİYETİNE GEÇİŞİ ...................... 105 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARI VE BEYLİKLER DÖNEMİNDE AYDIN BÖLGESİNDE KÜLTÜR VE MEDENİYET 4.1. AYDINOĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ’NİN SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUMU ........ 108 4.2. AYDINOĞULLARI DÖNEMİ KÜLTÜREL MİRASI .................................... 110 4.2.1. Birgi Ulu Cami ................................................................................................ 110 4.2.2. İsa Bey Cami ................................................................................................... 112 4.2.3. Tire Ulu Cami ................................................................................................. 113 4.2.4. Tire Çanakçı Mescidi ...................................................................................... 114 4.2.5. Karahasan Cami .............................................................................................. 115 4.2.6. Doğan Bey Cami ............................................................................................. 115 4.3. AYDINOĞULLARI DÖNEMİNDE YAŞAYAN İLİM ADAMLARI ............ 116 4.3.1. İbn Melek ........................................................................................................ 116 4.3.2. Hacı Paşa ......................................................................................................... 118 4.3.3. Hoca Mesud ...................................................................................................
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