RF Annual Report

THJ7 Agricultural Arts and Equal Health Internationa Population *•*"* Sciences Humanities Opportunity Sciences Relations Sciences PRESIDENT'S REVIEW AND ANNUAL REPORT 1984

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE PRESIDENTS REVIEW AND ANNUAL REPORT 1984

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Published by: The Rockefeller Foundation 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 101)36

Printed in the United States of America

ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW 1

INTRODUCTION 10

GRANTS Agricultural Sciences 14 AND Arts and Humanities 20 PROGRAMS v i n • 12 Equal Opportunity 33 Health Sciences 41 International Relations 51 Population Sciences 58 Special interests and Explorations 66 Interprogram 76 Fellowships 87

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 91

INDEX 103

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation TRUSTEES AND TRUSTEE COMMITTEES DECEMBER 31, 1984 CLIFTON R. WHARTON, Jr. Chair

BOARD OF W. MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL MATHILDE KRIM1 TRUSTEES JOHN BRADEMAS RICHARD W. LYMAN HAROLD BROWN ROBERT C. MAYNARD KENNETH N. DAYTON ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON JOHN R. EVANS VICTOR H. PALMIERI JAMES C. FLETCHER JANE C. PFEIFFER HERMAN E. GALLEGOS ALICE M. RIVLIN JAMES P. GRANT ELEANOR B. SHELDON WILLIAM DAVID HOPPER BILLY TAYLOR TOM JOHNSON CLIFTON R. WHARTON, Jr. VERNON E. JORDAN, Jr.' JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN LANE KIRKLAND HARRY WOOLF

EXECUTIVE RICHARD W. LYMAN Chair COMMITTEE HAROLD BROWN WILLIAM DAVID HOPPER JOHN R. EVANS ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON JAMES C. FLETCHER ELEANOR B. SHELDON JAMES P. GRANT BILLY TAYLOR

AUDIT JAMES C. FLETCHER Chair COMMITTEE

BUDGET AND JANE C. PFEIFFER Chair COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

FINANCE JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN COMMITTEE

NOMINATING VICTOR H. PALMIERI Chair COMMITTEE

(T)fiNSEE PATTERSON, BELKNAP, ROBERT M. PENNOYER WEBB & TYLER

'Retired April J, 19H-I.

ADMINISTRATION RICHARD W. LYMAN President LAURENCE D. STIFEL Vice-President NAN S. ROBINSON Vice-President for Administration SIMON P. GOURDINE Secretary JACK R. MEYER Treasurer and Chief Investment Officer RAJARAM RAMANATHAN Comptroller LYNDA MULLEN Assistant Secretary WEBB TRAMMELL Assistant Treasurer VERA RAJIC Assistant Comptroller ANNE E. NEWBERY Editor. Central Administration' KATHRYN L. EDMUNDSON Assistant to the Vice-President for Administration ROBERTO CELLI Administrator, Bet/agio Study and Conference Center. Italy JOSEPH R. BOOKMYER Manager, Fellowship Office SALVATORE DcSTEFANO Manager. Office Sen-ices SUSAN E. GARFIELD Mawga: Conference Office GLEN T, JESTER Manager. Computer Sen-ices NANCY E. MOSHER Administrate Associate. Personnel FRANK J. WOLLING Manager. Record and Library Sm'ice J. WILLIAM HESS Archivist NORMAN E. BORLAUG Life Fellow

'Retired DeccmbiT 31,

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation AGRICULTURAL A1VA A. APP, Ph.D. Director SCIENCES CHARLES K. MANN, Ph.D. (on research leave) JOYCE L. MOOCK, Ph.D. Assistant Director (also assigned to Office of the Vice-President)' GARY H. TOENNIESSEN, Ph.D. Assistant Director1 JUDITH M. LYMAN, Ph.D. Plant Scientist2 MARJORIE J. SCHAD Program Associate

FIELD STAFF FARZAM ARBAB, Ph.D. (on research leave)2 LOY V. CROWDER, Ph.D. Gainesville, Florida* BEN R. JACKSON, Ph.D. (on research leave)' PETER R. JENNINGS, Ph.D. CIAT, Cali, Colombia JAMES E. JOHNSTON, Ph.D. West Africa Rice Development Association, Monrovia, Liberia A. COLIN McCLUNG, Ph.D. IADS, Arlington, Virginia

ARTS AM) ALBERTA B. ARTHURS, Ph.D. Director HUMANITIES HOWARD KLEIN, M.S. Deputy Director STEVEN D. LAVINE, Ph.D. Assistant Director ELLEN S. BUCHWALTER, M.S. Program Associate LYNN A. SZWAJA Program Associate

\ II-ALTI1 KENNETH S. WARREN, M.D. Director S( H-NHS SCOTT B. HALSTKAD, M.D. Associate Director CAROL C. JIMENEZ Pnywn Associate

'Appointed Associate Director ciicctivc January 1, -'Assignment rcrminau-d Duvmher 31, 198

t'ttt

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INTERNATIONAL EDWIN A. DEAGLE, Jr., Ph.D. Director (on leave) RELATIONS jOHN STREMLAU, Ph.D. Acting Director GERALDINE P. MANNION, M.A. Program Associate

POPULATION SHELDON J.SEGAL, Ph.D. Director SCIENCES MARY M. KRITZ, Ph.D. Associate Director EVELYN MAJIDI, M.A. Program Associate

FIELD STAFF KATHERINE CH'IU LYLE, Beijing, China M.S., M.P.H.

SOCIAL BERNARD E. ANDERSON, Director1 SCIENCES Ph.D. PHOEBE H. COTTINGHAM, Assistant Director Ph.D. BRUCE E. WILLIAMS, Ph.D. Assistant Director ELIZABETH N. TAURANAC Program Associate AIDA RODRIGUEZ, M.A. Research Associate

FIELD STAFF SUSAN W. ALMY, Ph.D. (research!study JOSEPH E. BLACK, Ph.D. (research!study leawf DAVID COURT, Ph.D. Foundation Reptvseatatiit. Nairobi, Kenya GEORGE E. DELEHANTY, Ph.D. (research/study lean? ALBERTO R. MUSALEM, Ph.D. (research!study

INFORMATION HENRY ROMNEY Director SERVICE

'Resigned December 31, 1984. •'Retired December 31, 19H4. ^Assignment terminated February 9, 1985. ''Assignment terminated January 25, 1985.

MEETINGS The annual meeting of the Board of Trustees was held on April 2, and regular meetings of the board were held on September 21-22 and December 3-4. Three regular meetings of the Executive Committee of the trustees were held to take actions within the general policies approved by the board.

TRUSTEES Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., retired from the Board of Trustees, effective April 2, AND PRINCIPAL 1984. He was elected a Trustee in 1971 and served as a member of the OFFICERS Executive and Nominating Committees.

Mathilde Krim retired from the Board of Trustees, effective April 2, 1984. She was elected a Trustee in 1971 and served as a member of the Executive and Finance Committees.

William David Hopper, the World Bank's Regional Vice President for South Asia, was elected a Trustee, effective December 5, 1983.

Robert C, Maynard, Editor and Publisher of the Oakland Tribune, was elected a Trustee, effective December 5, 1983.

Harry Woolf, Director of the Institute for Advanced Study, was elected a Trustee, effective December 5, 1983.

Bernard E. Anderson, Director for Social Sciences, resigned, effective December 31, 1984. Dr. Anderson had served in this capacity since his appointment to the staff in 1979.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW Many, perhaps most, foundations are concerned to make their programs relevant to changing times and to be imaginative and innovative in what they do. Foundations like to think that they can be more responsive to change than many other institutions of society, especially government, since they are less subject to external political pressures and can develop mechanisms for relatively speedy decision making. At any gathering of professional philanthropists, there will be much talk offlexibility ,o f working at the cutting edge, of anticipating the problems of tomorrow before they are upon us.

Of course foundations, like other enterprises created and run by human beings, tend to talk a braver fight than they in fact conduct. Telling someone to "Be creative, be innovative!" only works when the people who are giving and receiving the message don't really need it, for creativity, the capacity to see things afresh or design things in new ways, is rare and cannot be had merely for the asking.

Consequently, we often settle for the appearance rather than the reality. And we often settle for faddism, for change-for-the-sake-of change; we are often not the leaders in taking some daring plunge, but instead compete for the honor of being the first lemming over the cliff after the leader. It is a fact that the major foundations cannot become involved in the steady, ongoing support of organizations and still perform their function as funders of experiments and fresh approaches—the money isn't there, unless the organization is prepared to spend itself into oblivion. Small wonder if the pressure for innovation is at times almost frantic.

The Rockefeller Foundation has shared the general foundation view that accommodating to and indeed anticipating change in the world is important. But at the same time, an important feature of RF mythology (and the reader must remember that myths incorporate truth as well as fiction) has been that the Foundation, once having identified a problem area, persists in addressing that area with a staying power unusual in this innovation-minded world of organized philanthropy. Obviously the two objectives can conflict now and then.

It can be argued, however, that when a foundation does seek a degree of continuity and prides itself on perseverance in its work, the effort to be sensitive and responsive to changes in society that affect its goals and its chosen methods of working towards those goals becomes all the more important. Otherwise.1, "staying the course" can become an excuse for failing to recognize that the direction of the course is changing past all recognition.

For several years mow, we have been striving to take into account one of the greatest changes of our era, the huge and still developing shift in what is known in the jargon of behavioral science as "gender roles," the ways in which men, because they are men, and women, because tlu.jy are women,

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation view the world, rake their part in the life of society, and pursue the possibilities that are open to them to develop fully as human beings.

One would be hard pressed to state when this great change began, equally hard pressed to describe with accuracy and confidence where things stand at the moment in this context, and hardest pressed of all to discern where the change is headed. But only the most obdurate of resisters would be prepared nowadays to dimiss as a passing fad what has been and still is happening. It is by no means a mere ripple on the tide of history. Something profoundly significant is going on, and even though beneath the surface much remains unchanged or only superficially accommodated, things can never be as they were before we began to be aware of the emergence of women from the shadows of human history in which they have endured for millenia.

Contrary to a widespread assumption, the changes are not limited to the middle and upper classes of the industrial or post-industrial nations. "The women's question" certainly looks very different viewed from New Delhi and viewed from New York. Particularly in the world of Islam, progress for women is indeed patchy at best, and for untold millions there has even been regression as Moslem Fundamentalism sweeps away the overheated modernization programs of the late Shah of Iran and others.

Yet change is evident wherever one travels, nor is it easy to generalize as to where it has made the greatest impact. After all, New Delhi had a woman Prime Minister long before the United States even dared nominate a woman for Vice-President. Yet it would nor be unfair to say that in village India a females place and life chances have changed but slightly, while a woman from the Farm Belt who graduates from Yale and proceeds to Stanford Law School is on a path no one of her sex could have aspired to follow just a few years back. Whereas in this country the issues involve such things as whether and how much fathers ought to take on the role of parenting, in much of the Third World they involve diminishing the gap between the percentages of boys and girls who attend primary school. In many of the poorer countries of Africa and South Asia, four out of five women over 25 years of age have never had any schooling at all, and the gap between male and female illiteracy has not changed in the last thirty- five years, despite the fact that, according to UNESCO estimates, about 300 million more girls will be enrolled in the worlds schools and universities in 1985 than in 1950.

In response to the enormous changes in gender roles, some foundations have developed special programs to deal with selected aspects of the problems involved. Many of these are seen us "women's programs," since the changes affecting women are—thus far at least—greater and certainly more prominent in the public eye than those affecting men. To put it another way, the changes in men's roles are seen, and more often rightly than wrongly, as consequences of changes in women's roles, rather than as tree-standing or intrinsic.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation We have also seen the creation of 23 new foundations entirely devoted to providing funding for work on women's issues. Generally these are not endowments, but coalitions formed to raise money and then use it for this purpose. Among recently formed organizations are groups in Minnesota, the state of Washington, Texas, and California that now take their place with earlier grantmakers such as the Ms. Foundation, founded by Gloria Steinem, and the Playboy Foundation (whose involvement some feminists not surprisingly find downright galling). Although in total resources these new organizations do not loom large as yet, they are growing rapidly, and their very presence lends a sense of urgency about dealing with women's issues that would not otherwise exist.

According to information made available to the Foundation Center, the number of foundations involved to some degree in making grants for women and girls has grown from 209 in 1980-81 to 251 in 1982-83. Difficulties of definition limit the usefulness of such statistics, and as we've seen there is more to the issue than grants to women's and girls' programs; but the increased number reporting involvement is still significant, even though the dollar amounts have risen only slightly over the same period from $36.3 million to $38 million. There has certainly been progress since the firstsurve y of such grantmaking by the then newly formed Women and Foundations/Corporate Philanthropy seven years ago, when even those foundations whose own resources derived from the sales of cosmetics to women were unaware and substantially uninvolved.

The Rockefeller Foundation has chosen not to create a Women's Program or Division within the Foundation, although we have made some grants of a kind one might expect from such a Program, most often under Special Interests and Explorations.

In 1983 and 1984, under appropriations totaling $750,000, we undertook a systematic effort to improve the understanding and recognition of changing gender roles in the work place and within the family. This widely announced research competition, open everywhere to scholars and practitioners in virtually all the professions, is perhaps the most central of our explorations of the social, psychological, political, and economic phenomena associated with the rapidly changing status of women. The main difficulty derives from our having seriously underestimated the interest that such a program would tap—we are unable to fund many of the excellent proposals that have poured in.

Noteworthy institutional grants, also under S1E, include two, made in 1983 and 198-4 and totaling £100,000, to the Womens Legal Defense Fund to document- the fact that the1 courts, in moving to a gender-neutral standard in child custody cases, now tend to rdy almost solely on financial factors. One result is that women, dc-spi-midy anxious to secure child custody, often settle our of court for a lower level of child support than makes bcn.sc ur is customary by court standards.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Another, very different grant of some consequence is the $90,000 made available in 1984 to the Committee for National Security with the objective of including more women in the national security debate. The Committees first Women's Leadership Conference (also supported by the RF) held in Washington in 1982 attracted more than 300 women from 30 states and 135 organizations—an event so evidently successful that the Defense Department followed suit with its own presentations to women.

In addition to such direct grants, usually of quite modest size, and of equal importance, is the rather quiet, undramatic effort we have been conducting to examine our existing program activities to see where we need to make changes to assure that the interests of women and the consequences of changing roles for both sexes are properly recognized and attended to. The principal instrument used towards this end has been a Presidents Task Force on Women's Programming, set up in 3981 and including men and women from several of the Foundations Programs and Divisions.

The principal internal memorandum in March, 1981 that provided the rationale for the Task Force focussed mainly on social and economic questions. It is worth quoting from the opening sections of this document: "The Foundation has had a troubled history in building a concern for women's needs into its male-dominated program activities and in involving women in competitions for grant and fellowship awards. While attitudinal rigidities in the organization are responsible to some degree, a large part of the problem stems from the difficulty of understanding the nature and relevance of the issues involved, and how these concerns can be integrated into our work. We can all benefit from an opportunity to broaden our awareness of the areas in which action is required and to determine where the Foundation's comparative advantage might lie in responding to these needs.

"In general terms, a rationale for broadened and intensified RF work in this area can be derived from egalitarian ideals and from economic justification for fuller investment in women. The basic lines of argument can be roughly summarized as follows:

—increased attention to women's roles and opportunities is warranted in that the Foundation is dedicated to promoting the well-being of all mankind, and there is growing evidence that women and men worldwide are not sharing equally in gains in welfare;

—the achievement of equity-oriented economic development depends not only upon balanced allocation of goods and services between social classes and ethnic groups, but between men and women within such divisions;

—existing program efforts to promote self-sustaining social and economic improvements can be made more effective by enabling women to increase (heir productivity and, thus, ro contribute more broadly to the achievement of societal goals; and

• -whereas women's issues are gaining widespread salience and credibility

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation and many governments are discovering their female constituents, the Foundation has a legitimate role to play in responding to the needs of women outside the U.S."

Three principal objectives were noted in the memorandum: "Increasing the number of grants directly concerned with women's activities; ensuring that women are involved as participants in activities aimed at accomplishing broader objectives; and examining grant impacts on women, especially to ensure that they will not be affected adversely."

To which the writer added a cautionary note: "Naturally, any women's activities overseas have to be designed in accordance with local priorities, opportunities, and constraints."

This was a delicate reference to a vexing question that faces any donor agency working internationally, and especially in the Third World. How for (if at all) can such an agency legitimately go in promoting activities that will affect changes in the host country's culture? Some would argue that no such interventions are justified; few if any would maintain that the question is not a serious and relevant one. JMy own belief is that developed country donors inevitably do things that have an impact on the cultures of the countries where they operate; to pretend otherwise is an exercise in self- delusion.

The question remains, however, whether there is not some line that a donor ought to try to avoid crossing—a boundary somewhere along the road that leads from cultural neutrality to cultural imperialism, perhaps. Questions involving the changing gender roles often provoke heated controversy anyhow and anywhere. But when the power of national and cultural pride is joined to whatever prejudices people may have about the role of men and women, the resulting mixture can be explosive indeed. If only to avoid creating situations too embittered to permit progress to be made at all, donor agencies must try to gauge the cultural impact of their actions and temper adverse effects as much as may be possible, short of simply giving up the actions.

The Rockefeller Foundation does not pretend to be neutral on the questions of gender role or the exploitation and oppression of women. What we do seek is to operate on the basis of knowledge rather than stereotypes. Getting past the heat and into the light on gender issues is itself a worthwhile goal for a foundation. Most of our work is still in progress, but we have been able to demonstrate, for example, that it simply is nor true that women are not interested in issues such as national security or that girls "naturally" shun the quantitative sciences. The facts arc that women are systematically shunted away from such stereotypically male preoccupations or occupations from an early age.

No one donor can hope to accomplish sJni'lHwndc-dly nwjor nIterations in career patterns or educational preffrenew as between men and women. A

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation field such as policy-relevant research in International Relations, for example, requires credentials that few women possess. Even a postdoctoral program in International Relations, with a fairly generous scope in terms of subject matter, has required a good effort from Foundation staff to attain reasonable representation of women scholars. The effort has been made, with uneven results; witness the following table covering three years of this highly competitive program (now being held in abeyance pending review):

Number of Of Which Countries Awards Year _ Proposals _ Women _ Represented _ (men/women) 1981 150 30 27 9 (%) 1982 134 27 43 10 (9/i) 1983 270 7 62 13

The experience of International Relations is not unlike that of other areas in which few women have had advanced training. We have been persistent in our request that grantees add women to their conference participant lists, training programs, research projects, etc. We try to be sensitive to the problems of tokenism and the risk that such tokenism — particularly if the woman lacks experience — could reinforce the prejudice that women "don't belong" in national security affairs. We have seen gradual, but significant, increments in the number of female participants; and as more women enter graduate school programs in international security studies, the situation should continue to improve.

On the other hand, despite our frequent reminders to the organizers of U.S. -Soviet arms control dialogues, the American side rarely has more than two or three women and the Soviets brush off such suggestions as frivolous.

Often, increased attention to gender roles is to be attained by the Foundations choices of subjects within existing programs. Thus as Agricultural Sciences begin to look at household food production or even the more broadly defined "farming systems research," the Program will inevitably find itself paying more attention to gender roles. Synergism among portions of a single Program is sometimes possible: one of the first centers awarded a grant out of which to fund Humanities Fellowships on an in-residence basis was the Harvard Divinity School Program on Women and Religion, to the creation of which the Foundation contributed $120,000 in 1980.

The two largest efforts currently underway at the Foundation which may be said co fit under the general rubric offender roles are the work under Equal Opportunity with five community-based organizations across the country to increase the employability and employment of that much- discussed, much-agoniwfd-over group, Minority Female1 Parents, and the Research Program on Women's Status and Fertility, under Population Sciences.

An argument can be made for the proposition that the entire program in Population Sciences should be considered either a womens program or at

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation least as coming under the heading of attention to changing gender roles. Clearly the lives of both men and women will be affected, for example, by the success of NORPLANT, a contraceptive device involving subdermal implants that is long-lasting (five years protection), reversible, has minimal side effects, and is highly effective: the annual pregnancy rate as judged by field testing of some 14,000 women in 14 nations is closer to that achieved with surgical sterilization than with other reversible contraceptives such as the pill or the IUD.

The advantages of such a method are self-evident for rural people in developing countries where clinics are generally few and far between and where there are difficulties for any contraceptive method that requires frequent and timely attention or sanitary facilities not normally available.

Still, a population and family planning effort can demonstrate greater or less sensitivity to gender role questions according to how it chooses its research topics and its methods of operation. The Foundations attempt to learn more about the relationships between women's status in society and their fertility is aimed at increasing that sensitivity.

While an extensive body of social science research on fertility determinants exists, very few studies have looked in any detail at women's status and roles within the family and community. Most demographic studies include comprehensive fertility histories and usually a single measure of women's education and labor fcrce participation. The findings from these studies vary by sociocultural contexts, and no clear policy recommendations flow from them. Under the Foundations research program, attention is being given to a refinement in the concept of women's status, to an improved measurement of women's work activities inside and outside the home, and to the collection of empirical data to test alternative hypotheses as to the effects of women's status on fertility.

In 1981, the Foundation began to fund a number of community-based agencies to prepare minority female single parents for employment in the private sector. Families headed by black and Hispanic women increased by over 70 percent during the 1970s; their economic hardship is desperate and persistent. The Foundations initiative, n substantial one, totaling almost $5 million at the end of 19tS4, hits had its share of difficulties, Here we are trying to work on a highly intractable problem, through agencies that for the most part have nor dealt with this particular population. To combine service delivery with monitoring of both processes and outcomes is, all in all, no easy matter.

In particular, (lit1 lack of child care service:* and the women's often severe academic impairment have made the training process even more difficult than wits anticipated. Other real-life factors have aflected our research design, with some consequent diminution of potential effectiveness and increase in evaluation costs.

Still, we expect to learn valuable lemons about what works and what doesn't through this effort, and the problem could not be a more relevant

This brief essay has but scratched the surface of what one foundation has been doing in relation to the revolution in sex roles that continues to advance throughout the world. Sometimes we have been able to move boldy, at other times only with caution as we recognize the difficult adjustments that frequently are faced by family members, one and all, as women's roles and opportunities in society expand. We have made a beginning on the three principal objectives previously noted. The number of grants directly concerned with women's activities has been increased; the involvement of women in broader objectives is part of our agenda; and we are, I believe, more alert than previously in our overall grantmaking to the possibility of affecting women adversely. A series of intensive staff workshops on the subject, sponsored by the Foundation's Task Force on Women's Programming, has helped to keep us on our toes.

It is an area in which mistakes are easy to make, and misunderstanding even easier to provoke. It is an area in which prejudice and stereotypes possess singular virulence by the very fact that they so often pass unrecognized. It is also an area where to do nothing does not constitute neutral behavior. We have found very few if any aspects of our work in which the question of gender roles does not arise or in which women do not suffer disadvantage, often outright oppression.

Ruth Leger Sivard, a recipient of grants from the Rockefeller Foundation for her outstanding annual publication World Military and Social Expenditures, and more recently for her study. Women.. .A World Simey, quotes Elizabeth Cady Stantons 1848 amendment to the Declaration of Independence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal."

Would that it were generally recognized as being so! The evidence, though overwhelming, that equality between men and women is more often honored in the breach than the observance, sifts with difficulty into many rninds. To increase the recognition of this unhappy evidence and to do something that will help to remove the inequities, it is necessary to work on many fronts—at education, advocacy, research into the actuality of human relationships, and experiments with possible solutions to urgent practical problems. We shall no doubt look back on our early efforts .is marked by more fumbling with the issues than \ve would like. What would be truly inexcusable, however, would be ro abandon the effort. That we have no intention of doing.

June 1985 Richard W. Lymun

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INTRODUCTION The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic organization, endowed by John D. Rockefeller and chartered in 1913 "to promote the well-being of mankind throughout the world." From the beginning, the Foundation's work has been directed toward identifying and attacking at their source underlying causes of human suffering and need. During its early years, the Foundation was active chiefly in public health and medical education. Its program was later expanded to include the agricultural, natural, and social sciences and the arts and humanities. Today, the Foundation is carrying out its work within sixfields :th e agricultural sciences, the arts and humanities, equal opportunity for minority groups, international relations, the health sciences, and the population sciences.

GOVERNANCE The Foundation is administered by its president through corporate officers and program officers drawn from scholarly and scientific disciplines.

Program guidelines and financial policy are set and appropriations approved by an independent Board of Trustees, which meets four times a year—in April, June, September, and December.

MTT1K)OS OF The programs of the Foundation are carried out through the awarding of OPERATION grants to institutions and individuals and fellowships to individuals.

(.IRAN I >S The Foundation receives each year about 6,500 proposals for funding, with limited funds, it can act favorably on only a relatively small number of these. The criteria for evaluation are: relevance of the project to the Foundations program objectives and potential for contributing significantly to the well-being of mankind; extent of the applicant's effort to secure additional and subsequent funding from other sources; and the applicants record of achievement.

Foundation officers travel extensively to visit Foundation-supported projects and to observe ongoing programs of potential interest. Consultants are used to supplement the officers' experience in assessing the proposals they receive. When the nature and quality of a project meet program guidelines, the proposal is considered in relation to other pending proposals, and eventually a recommendation may be made for support in the form of i\ grant. In some cases program officers will solicit proposals in areas of special interest.

I'l 1 11 AX si UPS The Foundation supports two categories of fellowships: those that are training related and those uimed ut assisting the individual to produce a piece ol work.

General Fellowships, a long-standing program to help prepare outstanding younger scholars and scientists, mainly from the developing world, lo make significant contributions to research and training or to public service, art listed in the l\l/tnwhi/H set lion ol this report.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Special Fellowships awarded through the Foundations Programs on an annual basis (for example, in the Arts and Humanities) will be found in the sections dealing with those Programs and with Special Interests and Explorations. For details, please write directly to the Program for whose fellowships you feel qualified or to the assistant secretary of the Foundation.

PROGRAMS The Foundation largely concentrates its efforts on selected programs with OF THE well-defined goals. It tries to keep its overall programflexibl ean d dynamic ROCKEFELLER through periodic reappraisals and changes in the light of new needs and FOUNDATION opportunities. At present, Foundation programs are: Agricultural Sciences (see page 14) Arts and Humanities (see page 20) Equal Opportunity (see page 33) Health Sciences (see page 41) International Relations (see page 51) Population Sciences (see page 58)

In addition, the Foundation has a Special Interests and Explorations feature (see page 66), which allows it to examine proposals that are not covered precisely by other program categories or to supply additional funds, enabling programs to act favorably on proposals of exceptional merit that would otherwise go unsupported.

LIMITATIONS To accomplish lasting results with finite resources, the Foundation must necessarily concentrate its support on projects that fall within denned program areas. In addition, the Foundation does not, on principle, undertake to: give or lend money for personal aid to individuals; appraise or subsidize cures or inventions; contribute to the establishment of local hospitals, churches, schools, libraries, or welfare agencies, or to their building and operating funds; finance altruistic movements involving private profit; support propaganda or attempts to influence legislation; or invest in securities on a philanthropic basis.

The Rockefeller Foundation does not normally provide general institutional support or endowment. Occasional exceptions are made in the case of organizations or institutions in the creation of which the Foundation has played an important role, and organizations that serve and support organized philanthropy in the United States. While general or core support is seldom given, efforts are made to ensure that the full direct costs of a project are taken into account in the calculation of grants budgets.

APPLICATIONS No special form is required in making a request for Foundation aid. An application should be addressed to the assistant secretary of the Foundation or to the director for the division or program in which the proposal would to (all. It should include: O A description of the project, with clearly stated plans and objectives; O A comprehensive plan for the total funding of the project during •and, where applicable, after the proposc-d £t-aiu period; O A listing of the applicants qualifications and accomplishments.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

The grants described in these pages reflect a year that consisted of the orderly phasing out of matured interests and a beginning on new undertakings judged of considerable long-term importance.

In 1984, the Agricultural Sciences initiated one of the major new program components approved by the Foundations Trustees—research on the application of cellular and molecular biology to food production in the developing world. The initial emphasis falls on cereals. Two additional areas of interest—strengthening food and agricultural systems in developing countries of Africa and the promotion of studies of critical issues affecting international agriculture—received limited support.

THE GENETIC The use of science and technology to produce improved crop varieties has ENGINEERING proven to be an effective means of increasing food production and OF CEREALS stimulating economic growth in the developing world. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology offer the possibility of dramatically increasing the efficiency, precision, and productivity of classical plant breeding. The objective of the Foundations new program is to assure that the powerful tools of plant genetic engineering are developed for use with food crops that are important in developing countries and that they are effectively transferred to the applied agricultural research programs of international centers and national agencies in those countries.

Cereals comprise nearly three-quarters, and rice alone nearly one-third, of the food produced and consumed in developing countries. Much of the current research on development of generic engineering techniques for cereals is focused on maize for both scientific and economic reasons. The current level of financial and institutional commitment to research on the cellular and molecular biology of rice is extremely modest and totally inconsistent with its importance as a staple food for half of the worlds population, the great majority of whom live in food-deficit developing countries. The initial and primary focus of the Foundations program, therefore, will be on the genetic engineering of rice.

It is anticipated that the program will require a 10-15 year commitment to targeted research and will progress through a series of stages leading from basic technology development to application of the new technology in rice breeding programs. Initially, support will be concentrated on relatively basic research designed to generate1 the new knowledge, techniques, and concepts required to develop genetic engineering as an effective5 tool for rice improvement.

As new techniques for rice improvement become available, the Foundation will encourage their prompt application in internati'jnal agriculture. It hopes to be able to provide support for collaborative projects designed to transfer and tesi IK-NY maieiiilb and techniques at apptopriate international

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation agricultural research centers and in the national rice improvement programs of developing countries. In the interim, the Foundation will encourage social scientists and other scholars to anticipate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts that may be associated with successful application of genetic engineering in international agriculture.

GRANTS ACADEM1A SINICA, Beijing. Peoples Republic of China, toward the costs of an International Symposium on Genetic Manipulation in Crops. $15,000 BOYCE THOMPSON INSTITUTE FOR PLANT RESEARCH, Ithaca. New York, Second International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics of the Bacteria-Plant Interaction. 510,000 COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY, Cold Spring Harbor, Neu- York, collaboratiiv res&tnh on molecular wifuatittn of DNA Iran fa Ming fix pulU-n tube absorption h-Jmiqne. $2 VAX) CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca. Neu- York, research ni tlxSainn of Bio- chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology on the cloning, characterization, and transfer of genes in rice. S-i()3,000* HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge. Massachusetts: Runan /> /;// trtimjurninig plant* u •/'//> nindijud t him »pla\t gt ih i . S "i 5 ,000 'loitard iiwarih mi tlh gin*th\ of /;/»»A/iu///'<.>/> loing ttininiinant D\,\ u-chm

INTHRNAT1ONAI. RICH RES1-ARCH INSTI'l'DTK. L»i B.nw.

l:/nt Internationa I Rn'c (.jenetici .Viw/wi/wv. ^50, ()(){) Tmranl support of n-wirch »n changes in na hrwdiiig in A\ia. S'

PURDUE RESEARCH EOUNDATION, \Vi.c Lija^th. huliana. r^,a>\h in t/k Difrrrtwiut <>j B»tan\ and Plant Patholo^, <>n ru\ rtt^ncrattt/n fru»i callus. cells, and protoplast*.

ROCKEFELLER I;()UNDATK)N. Nw >«»•/'. M-w Y,»-L- Casts of n»plc»n nt'ni£ the program <»i gc)k Hi t ngiih i ring uf n( ( . SI ^ ,000* Biut(J.nioltig\ (•/ $$00.000 ,//u/ /;) /A ILalth >S"i/(/Ai-i. Population Sciatic, anil Spuial l»ttr^t\ ,/;/,/ /;\/'/i'j-,///Wc). S 100, 000

ROCKEI:ELLI-:R UNIVERSITY, ,v«-«- Y,,,-L N^ Y,*i. »•,.„/»•,/! ator\ nf PLuit Mul«idar Biolng\ mi ginc regulation in r/((.

STATE UNIVERSITY OF GHENT, Cheat, Belgium, research by its Laboratory of Genetics on the genetic transformation of rice. $617,000*

STATE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN, Leiden, The Netherlands, research by its Department of Plant Molecular Biology on the genetic manipulation of rice, $480,000*

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Davis. California, research on barley yell me dicarf virm resistance in u-heat. $45,000

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, Athens, Georgia, research on isolation and characterization of rice genes, 536,100

WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, Pullman. Washington, research by the Institute of Biological Chemistry on the molemlar genetics of rice. $80,000*

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Vrbana-Champaign. Jliinoh. research on mnh-citlar verification oj DNA transfer //sing the pollen tube absorption

$16,528

* Allocated in 1985 from 198 l appropriations.

INCRhASING The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research is an KX)D association of 38 governments, international agencies, developmental PRODUCTION BY organisations, and foundations who, in 198-J, contributed nearly $128 L. ' ' ' ' million to 13 international agricultural research centers making up the !NTI:R\1 \T1ON \\ *-*-** A R system. At these centers, more than 7,000 staff" members, AGRK'UITURAI including some 600 senior scientists from -H) countries, work on the crops, R1:S1-AR( H livestock, and farming systems that yield three-quarters of the developing DHVHLOPMl.N'l countries total food supply. Their purpose is to improve the quantity and SYSTI-'M quality of food production and the standard of living in developing nations with substantial rural populations.

The RF is a founding member of the Consultative Group: last year it concentrated its annual contribution (totalling more than ivl5 million since 1972) on five centers with programs concerned with the development of agricultural technology and polity in Africa.

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Nigeria is the center primarily concerned \\ith me reading crop production in Africa; its

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation collaboration with national agencies is vital since many African countries do not have the resources to maintain appropriate agricultural research programs of their own.

At the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico, a regional program to increase food production in Africa will include in- service training for Africans in wheat and maize technology and on-farm research methodology.

The Washington-based International Pood Policy Research Institute will undertake a number of studies focusing on the effect of national policies and regional cooperative ventures on food production in Africa.

The International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, headquartered in Hyderabad, India, is building a Sahelian center in Niger in order to develop appropriate technology for crops, mainly pearl millet, sorghum, and cowpeas, that are staples in Africa's semi-arid region. It will also work on identifying socioeconomic constraints to agricultural development through village-level studies.

The RF assisted a fifthCenter , the West African Rice Development Association, by seconding one of its senior scientist-administrators, Dr. James E. Johnston, to serve as Director for Research and Development.

GRANTS INTERNATIONAL CFNTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RFSOUR( F.S MANAGEMENT, Mdmlii. Philippine*. t»i(

INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE EOR THE SEMI- ARID TROPICS, H}Ja'ukitL luJui. ni/i/du/ din. u//>/>un /m ./(/// ///u pt.ilnn.nl to Ajrttctii jiiotj prtitJHttitiii. S 100,000

INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, W.V..A- hi^tun. D.C.. ftn

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE. OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE. //Wr >ntnitii .\ p<.rthunt to AjriCttii

INTERNATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE, mf.\ t>/ tt.\ csr.tl'lt.\/>i>n>it.

IN'lTRNATIONAl LABORATORY 1;OR R!-S1:ARCI1 ON ANIMAI iSl-'ASI'S, N.ttmbr. A.'I/;I,/. fur ;t.\ \\nrh/>u('

^ IS. 000

WEST AFRICA RICE DEVELOPMENTASSOCIATION, .Monrov/a, Liberia, assignmentof a Foundationstaff memberas Director of its Researchand DuclopmentDepartment. $35,000

STRENGTHENING Given the expectations ff new and costly efforts,. 1984 saw the phasing out AGRICULTURAL support for certain research trusts that, whale tmpcmant,fall no longer RESEARCH under the Foundation~guidelines.

GRANTS CORNELLUNIVERSITY, Ithaca, New York, research on the mechanumsthat regulate luteovirus trammissionby aphids. $29,000 HARVARDUNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts, research on arthropod transmissionof parasitic diseases of plants andanimals. $36,000 MICHIGANSTATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, Michigan, for research on leafhoppertransmission of plant pathogemcmycoplasmas. $35,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,Berkeley, California, mechamsms that controlvector competenceof mosquitoesfor arbovirus. $37,000 UNIVERSITYOF FLORIDA,Gainesvilleo Florida." Researchand technical assistance within its FarmingSystems Support Proj~’t. $20,000 Developmentin vitro methodsfor the improzeo~ntof bananas(musa species). $30,000 UNIVERSITYOF NORTHDAKOTA, Grand Forks, North Dakota, researchon the geneticbasis of tissue culture regenerativecapacity in maize. $55,000

POLICY ISSUES Overthe years, the Foundationhas maintainedan interest in the larger IN issues facing agriculture, particularly in its developmentalaspects. In the AGRICULTURE years ahead, the Foundationwill’ continue to provide support for studies and meetingson critical issues affecting international agriculture.

GRANTS AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Washington, D. C,, u~rkshopsto discuss mutualinterests of scientists 9rthe U.S. and developing nauomi . $5,000

18 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CENTERFOR NATIONALPOLICY, Washington, D.C., to develop a. nationalagenda for food andagricultural policy (co-spomoredby the lnteruational Rdatiomprogram for a total qc $40,000). $25,000 CHINESE ACADEMYOF AGRICULTURALSCIENCES, Beijing, Peopk’s Republic~ China,toward establishing a national plant genetic resourcescent~. $550,000 HARVARDUNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Towarda researchand educationprolect on worldhunger for print and television. $35,900 Towardan assessment qc the Arssi regional developvunt unit in Ethiopia. $14,000 INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENTSTUDIES, Brighton, England, research and preparation~f two books on rural developmentin South Asia. $15,000 INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH,The Hague, Netherlands, for an inter-center seminar on womenand agricultural technology(also funded~Special Interests and Explorations). $50,000 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN, New York, NewYork, for the preparation of an annotated bibliography on ummenm agriculturein developingcountries. $10,000 RESOURCESFOR THE FUTURE, Washington, D.C., publication of a book on the Asian rice economy. $14,300 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: Internationalconference on Polish agriculture. $ 25,000 Participationby selected African scientists in the VII InternationalCongress on Protozoology held in Nairobi. $10,000

19 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ARTS AND HUMANITIES Life in the mid-nineteen eighties—increasingly complex and competitive—requires levels of understanding to which artists and scholars can contribute significantly. It is with this sense of contemporary urgency that the Foundation has defined its Arts and Humanities program in four components: O Support for the creative person; O Strengthening secondary school education through the arts and humanities; O Enhancing the American public's understanding of international affairs through the arts and humanities; O Forging connections between artists, humanists, and society.

SUPPORT FOR In 1984, the Foundation continued programs of support for creative THE CREATIVE individuals. Within the Humanities Fellowship program, which identifies PERSON scholars whose work directly illuminates contemporary problems, twenty individual awards were made. A grant enabled the American Council of Learned Societies to award fellowships to a number of younger scholars in the humanities. In addition, under the new Rockefeller Foundation Residency Program, eight institutions have now been funded to select as fellows-in-residence scholars whose ideas and influence can be expanded by such association. The sites range from the Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs at Wayne State University to the new National Museum of African Art and the Center for Asian Arc at the Smithsonian Institution, from research universities to arts organizations.

Significant, ongoing programs of support to individuals include also the 1984 Awards in the Visual Arts, co-funded with the Foundation by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Equitable Life Assurance Society, through which ten regional artists are honored and their work exhibited nationally. The Fellowships for American Playwrights Program provides stipends and theater residencies to eight playwrights of emerging importance. The Composer-in-Residence program, co-sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Exxon Corporation, has placed thus far eight contemporary American composers with seven symphony orchestras and generated 42 commissions for new musical compositions. The International American Music Competition at Carnegie Hall continues to identify outstanding musical performers whose repertories feature contemporary work.

In partnership with the Arco Corporation, the Ford Foundation, the Exxon Corporation, the National Endowment (or the Arts, and others, the Foundation inici.ued in 198-1 a number of new ventures. A residency program for choreographers offered through Pentade will expand the repertories ol dance companies. A production fund, organized through the Sundance Institute lor Film and Television, will aid talented, unesiablished It-aruiv filmmakers. OPERA Aim-rial's national program for opera , will plate them in resident e with opt-ra companies. All oi these

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation programs,national andcompetitive in their selections of artists, will be sustainedpast their experimentalstages. The contributions of creative individuals can be found in libraries, theaters, classrooms, court rooms, studios, conference rooms--wherever such work is seen or used. The results can be startling and profoundlystimulating, as whenthe 1984 Olympictorch was ignited to the performance of a specially commissionedwork by composer Philip Glass, a former grantee; when the film, El Notre, begun at Sundance, helped makereal the dilemmaof illegal immigration; or whena Pulitzer Prize was awardedto a playwright, a Rockefeller fellow, whobegan to write about Americain a regional theater far from NewYork. In all such instances, the importance of support for creative individuals is seen afresh, as their workhelps to illuminate and improvesociety.

GRANTS AMERICANCOUNCIL OF LEARNEDSOCIETIES, New York, New York: Travel grant programto aid Americanscholars traveling to meetingsabroad. $30,000 Fdlowshipsfor humanistic studies in modemsociety and values, to be awardedto recent recipientsof the Ph.D. $107,000 ROBERTASHLEY, New York, NewYork, toward the development of a new operafor television. $50,000 ATLANTICCENTER FOR THE ARTS, New Smyrna Beach, Florida, in supportof its artists-in-residenceprogram. $40,000 BOWDOINCOLLEGE, Brunswick, Maine, toward the costs of composer participation in its 1985Summer Music Festival. $5,000 CALIFORNIAINSTITUTE OF THEARTS, Valencia, California, for the PaduaHills Writers’ Workshopand Festival of newplays. $15,000 CARNEGIEHALL SOCIETY, New York, New York, for the continuation of a programof competitiveaward~ for performersspecializing in Anuricanmusic. $ 300,000 DANCEWORKS, New York, NewYork, for the continuation of its National ChoreographyProject. $150,000 EXPLORATORIUM,San Francisco, California, arttsts-m-resid, nce program anda lOth anniversaryretrospective. $25,000 HOUSEFOUNDATION FOR THE ARTS, New York, New York, tou¢rd the artistic costs of the 20thanniversary retrospective of u~ksby MerexlithMonk, $50,000

21 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation H~N RIVER FILM AND VIDEO, Garrison, New York, to research funding so.rc~ and d~op pmo~tation~,~to~h for its new pr~ "Ho~ Hudson’s RivermPart H." $10,000 DAVIDHYKES, Harmonic Arts Society, New York, NewYork, for creation qC a newmusical work for national presentation. $1o,ooo MEETTHE COMPOSER,New York, New York, for its program placing composersm residence with symphonyorchestras. $350,000 NATIONAL GUILD OF COMMUNITY SCHOOLS OF THE ARTS, Teaneck,New Jersey, for a programof awardsto youngcomposers. $6,750 OPERAAMERICA, Washington, D.C., for its program of support for composers of opera. $250,000 SOUTHEASTERNCENTER FOR CONTEMPORARYART, Winston- Salem, North Carolina, towardthe costs 9# the Awardsin the Visual Arts Program. $231,167 TRUSTEESOF AMHERSTCOLLEGE, Amherst, Massachusetts, for use by the Folger ShakespeareLibrary towardthe costs of the PEN/FaulknerAward for Fiction. $15,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,Irvine, California, toward the costs ~C its Objective DramaProgram at the University of California, lrvine. $50,000

ROCKEFELLER This programincludes twocategories of annualawards. In the first, FOUNDATION playwrightsare selected on the basis of outside nominatiomand the FELLOWSHIPS recommendatiomof an independentcommittee of professionals. Winners FOR receive stipends of $12,000for a one-yearperiod. Thatsum is administered PLAYWRIGHTS by a producingtheatre designatedby the playwright,with the agreement that he or she will spenda minimumof six weeksin residence. An additional$6,000 is availableto the theatrefor pteproductioncosts of the playwright!swork. Thesecond category of awardsconsists of $3,000in stipends to playwrightschosen by selected regional theatres, along with $2,000 to the theatre for its related costs. This segmentof the programemphasizes the discoveryand nurturing of newartists outside the NewYork area.

MAJORLEVEL MARISHACHAMBERLAIN, St. Paul, Minnesota AWARDS at: The Cricket Theatre, Minneapolis, Minnesota MARTINEPSTEIN, San Francisco, California (Undecided) MARIAIRENE FORNES, New York, New York at: Theater for the NewCity, NewYork. NewYork JOANNAMcCLELLAND GLASS, Guilford, Connecticut at: Yale Repertory Theatre, Neu’ Haven,Connecticut JOANHOLDEN, San Francisco, California at: Los AngelesActors Theater. Los Angeles, California EDUARDOMACHADO, New York, New York at: Theater fi~r the NewCity. NewYork. NewYork MARTIN SHERMAN, New York, New York at: ManhattanTheatre Club. NewYork. Ne,~’ York EDGARWHITE, New York, New York (currently residing in London, England) ( Undecided)

REGIONAL DASHIKI PROJECTTHEATRE, Neu’ Orleans. Louisiana THEATER EASTWEST PLAYERS, Los Angeles. CalifiJmia AWARDS THE EMPTYSPACE THEATRE,Seattle. Washington FREDERICK DOUGLASSCREATIVE ARTS CENTER, Neu’ ~’ork. New York L.A. THEATREWORKS, Los Angeles. CaliJ;Jrnia PERSEVERANCETHEATRE, Douglas. Alaska STEPPENWOLFTHEATRE COMPANY, Chicago. Illinois THEATERIN THE RED, Santa Fe. Neu’ Mexico

ROCKEFELLER Since 1974, the Foundationhas spomott~da competition for awardsin FOUNDATION support of humanistic scholarship that analyzes and evaluates contemponu’y HUMANITIES social ~d cultural issues. In 1984, at the recommendationof an outside FELLOWSHIPS panel of distinguished humanists, the following awards were made:

23 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THOMASBENDER, Unkvemity IMgfessor of the Humanities, New York University--NewYork intelleauals andthe quest for m, tropolitan culture. ROSEMARIEHAAG BLETTER, Associate Professor of English, Institute ¥ Fine Arts, NewYork University--American architecture, 1945-1985: promise andcrisis. JOANJACOBS BRUMBERG, Assistant Professor of Human Development and Women’sStudies, Cornell University--A social and cultural history of anorexia

MARYSCHMIDT CAMPBELL, Exwutive Director, The Studio Museum m Harlem--RomareBearden: toward an American Myth. FREDERICKCOOPER, Professor of History, The University of Michigan-- Disorder, development,and decolonization in Africa, 1935-1950. ELINORFUCHS, Theater Critic, The Village Voice--The death of character" a theory ofpostmodawtheater. RICHARDGILLAM, Associate Professor of History, University of Redlands, CaliforniawAcritical intellectual and personal biographyof C. WrightMills, 1916-1962. DOLORESGREENBERG, Professor of History, Hunter College of the City University of NewYork--Energy and modernization: the Anglo-American experience. MARGARETHIGONNET, Professor of English, University of Connecticut, and PATRICEHIGONNET, Goelet Professor of French History, Harvard Univer- sity--A u,elcomeguest: the debate on suicide in 18th century France. PETERHYLTON, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Califi~rnia, Santa BarbarawRussell,idealism, and the origins of analytic philosophy. MARTINJAY, Professor of History, University of Califiwnia. Berkeley--The problonaticof t,ision in 20th-centuryFrench thought. T. J. JACKSONLEARS, Ass~’iate Professor of Histcwy, University of Missouri --American adz~rtising and An~rican culture, 1880-1960. SIDNEYMONAS, Professor of Slavic Languagesand History, Unit~rsity of Texas, Austin--Censorshipas a wayof life. THOMASDUNBAR MOODIE, Professor of Sociology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges---Dominationand resistance on the South African gold mines. JEFFREYM. PERL,Assistant Profess¢w of English and ComparativeLiterature, ColumbmUniversity--Rereading Eliot: postmodernism, anunmdernism,and the politics of tradition. JOHNR. RICKFORD,Assistant t%fessor of Lingutsttcs, Stanford Univer- sity~The adequacyof pidgins and erodes.

24 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation PHYLLISROSE, ~sor ~ English, Wesleyan University, Josephine Baker and Europeanracial mythologtesbetween the wars. HENRYSUSSMAN, Associate Pr~sor of Conq~attve Literature, State Univer- sity of NewYork at Buffalo--Fromworld to text: literacy and oppression in 20th- centuryliterature. ALEXANDERWELSH, Professor of English, University 9rCalifornia, Los AngelesmEnglishnarrative and evidence at commonlaw. RICHARDS. WESTFALL,Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana UniversitymPatronageand science in the 17th century.

ROCKFELLER In 1983, the Foundation began a new programwhich enables a variety of FOUNDATION institutions to offer residencies to scholars to pursuetheir ownwork, and, RESIDENCY at the same time, to becomeinvolved in enterprises likely to reach and PROGRAM IN benefit the larger public. Residencies established in 1983 included the THE Women~Studies in Religion Programat the HarvardDivinity School; the HUMANITIES Center for Philosophy and Public Policy at the University of Maryland;the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis; and the WocxlmwWilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Addedin 1984 were:

GRANTS JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Baltimore, Maryland, for use by the Programin Atlantic History, Culture, and Society, towardthe costs of a Rockefeller FoundationResident Fellows Program. $150,000 92nd STREET YOUNG MEN’S AND YOUNG WOMEN’S HEBREW ASSOCIATION,New York, NewYork, for use by the Poetry Center for a Rockefeller FoundationResident FellowsProgram. $150,000 SMITHSONIANINSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., for use by its National Museumof African Art and the Center for Asian Art to establish a Rockefeller FoundationResident Fellows Program. $150,000 WAYNESTATE UNIVERSITY, Detroit, Michigan, for use by the Walter P. Reuther Library of Laborand UrbanAffairs, toward the costs of a Rock~ller Foundat:onResident Fellows Program. $150,000

STRENGTHENING Thesecond fundamental thrust in the year~work was the supportof SECONDARY schools andteachers, a commitmentstimulated in 1980 by the SCHOOL Foundation-commissionedreport, TheHm~nities in Amofmnl.iJi. The EDUCATION Foundation~goals in the schoolsare threefold:to providehelp u directly THROUGH THE ARTS AND aS pmsibleto teachers;to stress arts andhumanities imtruction analogom HUMANITIES to currentemphases on science, math,technology, and job pmgmation; andto sponsor,inspire, or leverageprivate support for education.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation pro’m, the Huamitia m the Sch , created in 1983, rocei~txl ~ fia~m__g after a suc~ f~t Fea~ Co- fund~ with the Foun~ionare the PewMenmrial Trim and the Gttater Philadelphia First C.otlxxation. The first year included in-service pmgrmm and colloquia for teachers, ~ments in teaching humanities subjects, communityinvolvement, and a mini-grants program. Similar programs, strucmm~differently to reflect their communiti~specific needs, are developing with Fotmdationfunding in Pittsburgh, Atlanta, and Seattle. In addition to these commumty-basedmulti-spomored programs, a numberof other schools projects were funded. The Yale-NewHaven TeachersImtitute provides a national modelfor local school-college faculty collaboration. A summerprogram at The Breadloaf School of English is aimedat the needs of rural high school English teachers. Outreachefforts to high school teachers were supportedthrough several national scholarly societies--the Organization of AmericanHistorians, the National Human- ities Center, and the AmericanHistorical Association. The national attention recently focused on Americakschools demomtrates once again--as has so often been the case in the past---the importanceof these imtitutiom in fostering social change, in improvingthe lot of disadvantagedAmericans, and in providing opportunity for technological, economic, and intellectual advancement.The Foundationkgrants are intended to help teachers of the arts and humanitiesto benefit from the school improvement movement.

Gm NTS AMERICANHISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, Washington. D.C,, in support of a HistoryTeaching Alliance to developregionally based school-university collaborations. $37,500 ATLANTA PARTNERSHIP FOR BUSINESS AND EDUCATION, Atlanta, Georgia,to strengthenhunmnities education in the city’s secondaryschools. $125,000 COMPAS,St. Paul, Minnesota, for the developmentof a programto improve u¢iting in the schools. $1o,ooo COUNCILOF CHIEF STATE SCHOOLOFFICERS, Washington, D.C.: In supportof a study of the arts andthe state educationagencies and of arts prolects in secondary schools. $75,000 Forits nationalconference and program of supportfor hunumitiesinitiatives in ’he secondary schools. $49,500

EDITORIALPROJECTS IN. EDUCATION,Washington, D.C., fiw distributing a slmzal r¢ort on literacy. $ I0,000

26 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING CORPORATION, New York, New York, for distribution of a series q(films designed to ~ u,titing imtr~’tion in the sch . $20,000 FEMINISTPRESS, O/d Westbury, NewYork, toward the costs 9[con~iling a newAmerican literature anthology. $23,000 MIDDLEBURYCOLLEGE, Middlebury, Vermont, for its Bread Loaf School 9[ Englishto improvethe teachingskills 9[ rural andsmall-town high school teachers q( English. $1oo,ooo MODERN LANGUAGEASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, New York, NewYork, for a meeting to begin assessment ~C~edreforms on the teaching 9[ Englishin the schools. $4,000 NATIONALHUMANITIES CENTER, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, sumnurimtituu for teachers qCAmericanhistory. $25,ooo ORGANIZATIONOF AMERICANHISTORIANS, Bloomington, Indiana: Towardestablishing a "Professional Day"forhigh school teachers in American history. $10,000 For establishing a newsletter for secondaryschool teachers 9# Americanhistory. $25,000 PHILADELPHIA ALLIANCE FOR TEACHING THE HUMANITIES IN THESCHOOLS, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, toward the cost 9[its educational programs. $15 O, 000 PITTSBURGHPUBLIC SCHOOLDISTRICT, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to begin a program9[teacher training in the arts and humanities. $125,000 SEATTLESCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 1, Seattle, Washington, to begin a programqc teacher training and curriculumrevision in world history and cultum. $100,000 TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, New York, for a programto train teachersto exploreurban ]blklore andto introducethese exploratorymethods to their students. $25,000 UNIVERSITYOF MASSACHUSETTS,Boston, Massachusetts, for use by the lmutuu for Learning and Teaching, toward the costs 9[the UrbanHumanities WritingProject. $25,000 YALEUNIVERSITY, New Haven, ConnecticNt, for the Yale-New Haven Teachemlmtituu towardthe costs 9#disseminatingits collaborative moddfor improvinghumanitiu t~chinR in the secondaryschook. $150,000

27 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ENHANCING THE The Americaneconomy is becomingever mote integrated with world AMERICAN markets; international politics grow ever more complicated~yet fewer PUBLIC’S Americanstudents are learning foreign laaguages, funding for foreign- UNDERSTANDING OF affairs-related research has declined, and surveys reveal a lack ~ public INTERNATIONAL awarenessand knowledge concerning realities in other countries. AFFAIRS THROUGH THE ARTS AND The arts and humanities have an important role to play in the international HUMANITIES education of Americans.Such disciplines as language, literature, philosophy, and history are essential to the generation of knowledgeabout the world and the participation of an infimmdcitizenry in international political, commercial,and cultural affairs. The Arts and Humanities programsupports efforts to improve the teaching of foreign languages and international studies at the precollegiate level and to encourageinterna- tional programmingby arts and cultural organizations and the media. A major initiative undertaken during 1984 was the formation of a program of Rockefeller Fellowships for foreign language teachers in the high schools, to be administered by AcademicAlliances at the University of Pennsylvania and the National Council on Foreign Languageand International Studies. The programwill enable teachers to pursue their professional developmentand increase their service to their schools. Also, as part of its concentration on the secondaryschools, the Foundation appropriated funds to the Bay Area Global Education Program to extend its work to schools and colleges beyondits immediategeographic area and to test the replicability of its program.Funding for a newgraduate program in translation at City University of NewYork was undertaken in 1984 with a lxuallel commitmentfrom the Exxon Education Foundation. 1984 projects reflecting the Foundationkinterest in the arts as a meansof increasing international and crosscultural understanding within the U.S. include a programfor Hispanic playwrights at the Puerto Rican Traveling Theatre Company,a Hispanic film festival in San Antonio, and the Latino Theater Festival of the NewYork ShakespeareFestival.

GRANTS AMERICANPUBLIC RADIO, Minneapolis, Minnesota, for its activities designedto heightenau’areness of musicby non-U.S,composers in this countryand by Americancomposers abroad. $8,ooo ASSOCIATIONOF FORMERMEMBERS OF CONGRESS,Washington, D.C., in supportof its internationalcampus fellows program(jointly sponsoredby the InternationalRelations program). $25,000 BROWNUNIVERSITY, Providence, Rhode Island, for a multidisciplinary roundtablediscussion at the PembrokeCenter for Teachingand Researchon Women, on the assumptionsshaping gender research in third-worldcountrirs (also fundedby the InternationalRelations program and Spaial Interests and Explorations). $7,000

28 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CITY UNIVERSITYOF NEWYORK, New York, New York, for the developmentqC a MasterqCArts program in tramlati~m. $160,000 ETV ENDOWMENTOF SOUTH CAROLINA, Spartanburg, South Carolina,toward the costs of its International TVRevue. $45,000 GLOBALPERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION,New York, New York, to coordinatethe involvementof NewYork cultural institutions in improving international educationin the NewYork City public schools. $13,000 INTERNATIONALCENTRE OF THEATRERESEARCH, Paris, France,toward the costs of preparinga theatrical transcription of the Mahabharata andthe internationaltour of the resulting production. $40,000 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Baltimore, Maryland,toward the costs of publishing the NewWest Indian Guide. $1 O, 000 NEW YORK SHAKESPEAREFESTIVAL, Neu’ York, Neu, ~rk, t~tu,ard the costsof the fourthLatino Festival. $10,000 PERFORMING ARTISTS NUCLEUS (GUADALUPE CULTURAL ARTSCENTER), San Antonio. Texas,administrative costs associatedu’ith the San Antonio Cine Festival. $10,000 PUERTO RICAN TRAVELING THEATRE COMPANY, New York. Neu’ York, to pr,wideopportunities to Hispanicplayu~’ights fir the d~elopmentof their work. $15,000 STANFORDUNIVERSITY, Stat~Jrd, Califonlia. expanding the curriculum and organizational netu,ork of the Bay Area Global EducationProgram. $180,000

FORGING Artists andhumanists in the UnitedStates often workin relative isolation, CONNECTIONS their contributiomfiltering only slowly throughcultural andeducational BETWEEN imtitutions to the larger public. TheFoundation funds programsthat ARTISTS. strengthenthe connectiombetween individual artists andhumanists and HUMANISTS, the imtitutions that mayinfluence or be influencedby their work. AND SOCIETY In 1984, the Foundationcontinued to supportefforts, begunin 1983, to bolster the long-termfinancial andartistic healthof cultural imtitutiom throughthe NationalArts Stabilization Fundand through national disseminationof the Arts andBusiness Council!s program o/: Business Volunteersfor the Arts. Bothprograms aim to providebusiness experience endexperts to the arts sector.

29 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation TheFoundatim has also fxmdednmarch to help fonnulme,pubfic policy concerning the arts and humanities. The AmericanCouncil for the Arts has studied the role and needs of the individual artist in Americawith the help of the RockffcHer, Exxon, and Dayton Hudsonfoundations. An extemive survey by the National Humanities Alliance assessed the needs of the humanities nationally. Historians, through the BmokingsInstitution, conm~mtedto the work of the Committeeon the Constitutional System, a group of senior policy makers whoare examiningpossible constitutional changes that would improve the integrative functioning of the branches of government. Their recommendationswill be released to the public during the bicentennial of the Constitution in 1987. Artists-and humanists also contributed, through Foundation grants, to the production of a film on womenin Americanpolitics by The Center for the AmericanWoman and Politics at Rutgers University; to the new uses of technology to improve communication and information at the American Council of Learned Societies and the American SymphonyOrchestra League; to the examiningof cultural support on a state-wide basis in Florida; and to the providing of improvedmedia offerings of newart through the Walker Art Center. Support of the Next WaveFestival of the Brooklyn Academyof Musac enabled major works encompassingmusic, theater, dance, and the visual arts to be mountedand to reach new audiences. The Foundation~ contribution enabled some productions to be tom~ and stimulated the inclusion of a humanistic component, including audience magazines and panel discussions, to showthe cultural context in which these works were created.

GRANTS AMERICANASSOCIATION OF MUSEUMS,Washington, D.C.: For use by the NationalHumanities Alliance, to conductresearch and draft a report on current needs in the humanities. $39,000 Towardthe costs of a prolect to help implementthe recommendationsof the Commissionon Museumsfor a New Century. $11,250 AMERICANCOUNCIL FOR THE ARTS, New York, New York, to explore the feasibility of a task forceon the role andneeds of the individualartist in America. $20,000 AMERICANCOUNCIL OF LEARNEDSOCIETIES, New York, New York, to establish an 9trice on scholarlycommunication and technology. $50,000 AMERICANSYMPHONY ORCHESTRA LEAGUE, Washington, D.C., for a programto establish a computerizedorchestra library reformationswvice and to developa NewMusic Project as part of the library. $175,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ARTS ANDBUSINESS COUNCIL, New York, New York, to further expand its national BusinessVolunt#rs for the Arts program. $300,000 ASPEN INSTITUTE FOR HUMANISTICSTUDIES, New York, New York, for an expandedfdlowship program to aid the devdopmentof the Institute’s seminarsfor leadersfrom all sectorsof society. $50,000 BROOKINGSINSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., research projects on the U.S. Constitution, related to the workof the Committeeon the Constitutional System. $50,000 BROOKLYNACADEMY OF MUSIC, Brooklyn, New York, in support of its Next Wave Produaion and Touring Fund. $250,000 CLAREMONTUNIVERSITY CENTER, Claremont, California, establishment of a lay fellowship and colloquia within its GraduateCenter for the Humanities. $50,000 DIVISION OF CULTURALAFFAIRS, STATE OF FLORIDA, Talla/mssee, organizinga conference"Florida’s Cultural Environmentin the Nineties: Will it Keep Pace with Economicand Population Growth?" $10,000 HALEAKALA,INC. (The Kitchen), New York, New York, toward its domestic touring program. $35,000 MODERN LANGUAGEASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, New York, NewYork, developmentand planning of a faculty exchangepro/ect. $6,000 NATIONALARTS STABILIZATION FUND, New York, New York, to enableit to addressthe long-termfinancial and artistic health of sekcted U.S. cultural institutions. $500,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: Towardthe costs qCa study on arts policy. $14,000 Towarda conferenceentitled "TheSupport and Presentationof Contemporary Perfoming Arts in Eurol~ and America: Issues and Explorations." $40,000

RUTGERSUNIVERSITY, New Brunswick, NewJersey. toward the costs 9r a documentaryfilm on womenstate legislators (also fundedfrom Sl~cial Interests and Exploratiomfor a total ¢f $100,000). $50,000 SALZBURGSEMINAR IN AMERICANSTUDIES, Cambridge, Mcu. sachuutts, towardthe costs 9r the session "The F#nctionand Future O# Mmeums." $25,000 31 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation SMITHCOI-I-F.GE, Northampton, Massachusetts, for a conference "Preserving Women’sHistory: Archivists and Historians WorkingTogeth~." $15,000 SOUTHEAST BANKING CORPORATION FOUNDATION, Miami, Florida, backgroundstudy for a conferenceentitled "Florida’s Cultural Environment in the Nineties: Will it KeepPace with Economicand Population Growth?" $5,000 WALKERART CENTER, Minneapolis, Minnesota, research and development of its mediaprogranu for national disseminationof the arts. $50,000

The year 1984 marked the third decade of sustained Foundation support to bring about the full participation of minority group Americansin the life of this country. Generalizationabout this historical experienceis risky; there have been considerable successes and somereal failures. One might argue that the Foundation began conservatively in the early ’60s, building on the tradition of the General Education Board, in emphasizingefforts to give blacks moreopportunities for higher education. After 1967, the Programtook a more activist turn, funding what was to have been a major workon the history and nature of the urban racial ghetto in Americancities, aimed at its elimination or "transformation." At the same time, the Foundation decided to emphasize both leadership developmentand the problems of urban school systems, again focussed mainly on blacks, and taking the primary form of a programto increase opportunities for black teachers to advanceto administrative jobs in the nation~ public schools. This program, which had some dramatic individual successes, was an important step closer to the problems"in the streets," but only a step. In 1978, the Programgemphasis movedto efforts at increasing economicopportunity for minorities, through action projects and research. Alongsidethis, the staff developedand the Trustees approved two other components. The first was "Securing and Promoting Basic Rights," which consisted chiefly of major grants to the leading civil rights organizations. The second was "Broadening Career Opportunities," aimed at increasing the numbersof underrepresented minority members(chiefly black and Hispanic) going into academiccareers in the sciences and economics. Increasingly, however, we and manyothers have becomeaware of the dichotomythat has developed in the minority, and especially black, communityin recent years, since national efforts at affirmative action began. These efforts have had substantial impact in opening career opportunities for a segmentof the minority population. The increase in accessibility to qualified students of the best colleges and universities, the influx of minority individuals into various professions, effective affirmative action hmngand promotion policies in the corporate and higher education worlds, and especially in govemmentmthesehave brought dramatic changes for a fortunate fractionmperhaps 25%?--of minority youth and adults. Blacks are going to college at nearly the rate of whites (albeit in disproportionately large numbersto communitycolleges rather than four- year institutions). Once-segregated Americahas been desegregated dramatically with respect to public--and most private--facilities. At the sametime, for large numbersof minority people there has been no change,or changefor the worse.The problems of" intractable poverty, family disintegration, the drug and crime culture, teen-age pregnancy,and widespread illiteracy remainuntouched and apparently untouchableby the legal and other mechanismsthat have helped others to rise into the middleclass.

33 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation The KIPmoved m addmmat lem~some of dine problemsin what hmbeen for us a Izrge-scale effort, the Minority ~ Single Pmmtini~ 1981. This has peesemed fonnidable ~, both ~ impl~I of the projects by the community-basedoqpmizatiom and in carrying out the monitoring and research effort. Despite the occasional setback, we believe that considerable help will have been provided to membersof a uniquely disadvantaged population and that we shall be able to learn a good deal from the projectmevenff someof the lessons are about what not to do. Duringthe past year, trustees and officers, aided by distinguished outside consultants, have reviewed the Foundation~efforts. The conclusion we have reached is to focus even more sharply upon the problems surrounding hard- core poverty, the problemsof" those left behind by the civil rights revolution that has considerably transformedAmerican life for the less severely disadvantaged of the minority population. During 1985, for example, we expect to be phasing out the UBroadening Career Oppormmties"component reported on below without undertaking newventures under that rubric. This change, and the likelihood of others, should be homein mind by those whoconsult this section of the annual report.

In 1984, the Foundation madegrants that endeavored to: o Identify and assist in the adoption of effective strategies for improving employmentand income opportunities of minorities. o Increase educational opportunities for minorities in the natural and life sciences and in economics. o Secure and promotebasic rights of all citizens.

EXPANDING In 1984, the Foundationsupported three lines of activity: multidisciplinaty ECONOMIC research on the nature and causes of persistent employmentand income OPPORTUNITIES disparities betweenminorities and other groupings; evaluation, through empirical testing, of the effectiveness of alternate public and private strategies for improvingemployment opportunities; and the replication of projects shownto have a positive impact on income-miningoppommities for the disadvantaged. In recent years, Foundationgrants have given priority to employmentof minority-group female heads of households, to minority-group youth aged 16-24, and to occupational upgrading for minorities. In 1981, nearly 40 percent of all U.S. families headedby womenwere living in poverty. Amongblack and Hispanic female homeholdenwith children, the povertyrate wasnearly 60 percent. Thesefamilies largely depend for basic necessities on subsidies from various governmenttmmfer programs,but it is increasingly recognizedthat regular, stable, and well- paying jobs for the mothenof this group mpreg, nt the long-term solution 34 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation to such familieg low incomes. Included amongthe barriers to this solution are lack of good basic skills, labor market experience, and the need to find and maintain child-care arrangementsthat are both financially bearable and psychologicallysatisfactory. In 1984, the Rockefeller Foundation renewed its support to community- based organizations to carry out demonstration programsof assistance for minori~-grou,p, fe.mal, e, single putouts. Theagencies offer services such as coumehng,job tratmng and placement in the private sector, and assistance with child care. A pronounced success in preparing high school graduates for employment or continuing education ,gas achieved by Jobs for America’sGradaaus, begun with RFassistance in 1980 in the schools of Delaware.The program continues to expandeach year: in 1984, newprojects were initiated in the high schools of Richmond,Kalamazoo, and Cincinnati. Jobs for America’s Gradaamreceived a very favorable evaluation from the HudsonInstitute, which examinedthe organization~ school-to-work transition record in several cities over the past four years. Aneffort is nowunderway to develop legislation on the Federal level that wouldsupport national replications of the model.

GRANTS

EMPLOYABILITY ATLANTAURBAN LEAGUE, Atlanta, Georgia: DEVELOPMENT Projectsupport. $250,000 PROGRAMS FOR Towardthe costs of its computerizedManagement Information Systems. MINORITY- $15,000 GROUR FEMALE, SINGLE PARENTS CENTERFOR EMPLOYMENTTRAINING, San Jose, California: Projectsupport. $250,000 Towardthe costs qCits computerizedManagement lnformatton Systems. $15,000 NATIONAL CONGRESSOF NEIGHBORHOODWOMEN, Brooklyn, NewYork: Projectsupport. $200,000 Towardthe costs 9r.its computerizedManagement lnformatton Systems. $14,832 NATIONALCOUNCIL OF NEGROWOMEN, Washington, D.C., pro#asuppo.. $200,000 OPPORTUNITIESINDUSTRIALIZATION CENTER, Providence, Rbod, Island: Project support. $250,000 Towardthe costs of m computerizedManagement Information Systems. $13,891

OTHER BROOKINGSINSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., toward a conference on ECONOMIC- womenand menat work (jointly sponsoredwith Special Intemts and Explorattons OPPORTUNITY for a total of $45,000L GRANTS $30,000 COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, New York, for a study entitled Mother-OnlyFamilies and Social Policy (jointly spomoredwith Special Interests and Explorations for a total of $68,227). $40,227 JOBS FOR AMERICA’SGRADUATES, Washington, D.C., program combiningbasic education,employment counseling, and job placement. $400,000 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON WORKINGWOMEN, Washington, D.C., towardthe costs of planningand development. $25,000 NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR FULL EMPLOYMENT,Washington, D.C., towardthe costs of a prolect on "Public Job Creation--theRecord, the Potential." $30,000 NATIONAL CONFERENCEON SOCIAL WELFARE, Washington, D.C., for its project on the FederalSocial Role. $20,000 PUBLIC/PRIVATEVENTURES, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, toward the costs of a study of school~businesscollaboratwe programs aimed at improvingyouth eemploymentopportunmes. $200,000

BROADENING Minorities are grossly unden~tesentedin the mmmlsciences, mathematics, CAREER and economics. A milestone report commiuionedby the RF, Who~11 Do OPPORTUNITIES $cknu? by Sue E. Berrymanof the RandCorporation, demomtmmdthat decisions to makea carter in sciences are mademuch earlier than pttviomly estimatedbut mustbe reinforcedat all educationallevels to keep the science pool fromdraining. "Ib reinforce such decisions in orderto increase the numberof minorities and womenin the numerical sciences, the RFin 1984 continued its support of the Hosmn:lUniversity SummerProgram in BiomedicalLalmratories. This project, jointly fundedby the RF~Equal Opportunityand Population Sciences Programssince 1980, was evaluated last year as a highly sophisticated lataamotywork experience for the manyyoung people whohave spent summersin 57 outstanding lalxntories,

36 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation GRANTS HOWARDUNIVERSITY, Washington, D.C., to provide for s~ employmentqc minority-grouphigh schoolstudents as appteuticesin liJi-sciowe researchlaboratories at um’versities(jointly sponsoredwith the Populat:onScioam programfor a total of $3 00,000). $2oo,ooo NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF BLACK SCHOOL EDUCATORS, Wash- ington, D.C., for disseminatingits Task ForceReport on Black Academwand CulturalExcellence. $1,025

SECURING AND 1984 marked the 30th anniversary of the U.S. SupremeCourtk decision in PROMOTING B .ro~.. vs. Baard 0fEdKatton,the decision striking downsegregation in BASIC RIGHTS pubhc schools; the 20th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act, which strengthened substantially the frameworkfor federal protection of basic rights; and the 40th anniversary of the publication of GunnarMyrdalb AmericanDilouma, the epochal study of the status of the nation~ black population up to the 1940s. Landmarkssuch as these influenced the pattern of our grantmaking. Support was provided to the Imtitute for Survey Research at the University of Michiganto documentthe relationship between political behavior and concerns amongblack voters for critical issues, such as economic opportunity, homing,civil rights, and other issues. Support was given to the National Academyof Sciences to take a comprehemivelook at the changes in the economic, educational, political, and other indices reflecting the progress of the black communityduring that time. An effort will be madeto relate the observed trench to changes in the national environmentfor social progress, including trench in the national economy,the legal protection of civil rights, and regional variatiom in the location of the nation~ black population. In someways, the study will be comparableto the Myrdalstudy conductedduring the 1940s, andit is sure to receive serious attention whenit is available. Finally, during the past year major support was provided for a selected numberof organizatiom conducting voter education registration activities. A recent report published by the Joint Center for Political Studies revealed that the numberof black elected officials, especially at the state and local level, has incmtg’d sharply during the past decade in response to increased voter registration and voter turnout in the black community.The support to selected voter education registration organintiomwill reinforce that trend and further strengthen black and Hispanic commitmentto and participation in the Americanpolitical system.

37 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation AMERICANCITIZENSHIP EDUCATIONPROJECT, Washington, D.C., toward the costs of its Maiia Campaign. $25,ooo CITIZENS’ COMMISSIONON CIVIL RIGHTS, Washington, D.C., for a projecton the use 9# restriaive voter registrationpractices. $15,ooo CONGRESSIONALBLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION, Washington, D.C., towardthe costs ~ its confttmce on ’14daptationStrategies in Black Family Lift." $11,500 EDUCATIONAL FUND FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, New York, New York, towardthe costs qrpublishingthe proceedingsof its confirence, "ResolvingEEO Disputes without Litigation." $15,000 INSTITUTE FOR JOURNALISMEDUCATION, Berkeley, California, towardits study on "Minorities and Mobility within the NewspaperIndustry." $25,000 JACKIE ROBINSONFOUNDATION, New York, New York, to funda DevelopmentOffice. $22,000 JOINT CENTERFOR POLITICALSTUDIES, Washington, D.C.: Towardthe "National Conferenceon the Civil Rights Act 9# 1964: Twenty Years Later." $35,000 Towardthe costs of its Policy AnalysisDivision, to enable the Centerto produce professionalanalyses of currentpublic policy questionsthat are qCspecial concernto black Americans. $600,000 LAWYERS’ COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS UNDER LAW, Washington.D.C.. to enable the Lawyers’Committee to continue to monitor the newprovisions of the VotingRights Act and, whennecessary, to conductlitigation to secureand protect the voting rights qc blackcitizens. $300,000 MASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,Cambridge, Mas. sachusetts, towardits "SecondNational Confer~ceon Issues FacingBlack Administratorsat PredominantlyWhite Colleges and Universities." $20,000 MEXICAN AMERICAN LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATIONAL FUND,San Francisco, California, toward the cost ~ its equal opportunity program. $200,000 MIDWESTVOTER REGISTRATION EDUCATION PROJECT, Colum. bus. Ohio,for its voter registration educationactwmes. $35,000

38 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation NAACPSPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONFUND, New York, New York, for a Black Family Summit Conferem. $20,000 NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Washington, D.C., toward the costs Orastauly of "The Status orBlackAmericans: Civil Rights and Social Indicators." $250,000 NATIONAL COALITION ON BLACK VOTER PARTICIPATION, Washington,D.C., towardits voter registration educationactivities. $35,000 NEWYORK UNIVERSITY, New York, New York, for use by its Metropolitan Center for Educational ResearchDevelopment and Training, toward the costs of a confowwe,"Broum Plus Thirty: Equality of EducattonalOpportunity for the 80s and 90s." $20,000 RUTGERS. THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY. New Brumwick,New Jersey, for the Rutgers LawSchool, towardits conference "Twenty Years After the 1964 Civil Rights Act: WhatNeeds to be Doneto Achieve the Civil Rights Goalsof the 1980’s?" $35,000 SOUTHWESTVOTER REGISTRATION PROJECT, San Antonio, Texas. for voter registrationeducation activities. $35,000 UNIVERSITYOF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Towardthe costs 9r a National Black Election Study: 1984. $150,000 Fora pilot studyof the blackelectorate. $15,000 VOTEREDUCATION PROJECT, Atlanta. Georgia, for its voter registration educationactivities. $35,000

RESEARCH The purpose of the Foundation~program of research fellowships for FELLOWSHIP minority-group scholars is to enable outstanding menand womento PROGRAM FOR undertakepolicy-oriented social science and humanisticresearch on issues MINORITY- of high priority affecting minority citizens. In 1984, these fellowships were GROUP awarded: SCHOLARS NORMANB. ANDERSON,Postdoaoral F, llow, D,l~ Uniwrsity Medical Cmt~, Durham,North Carolina--"Toward lckntifying Biobehavioral Contrib- utors to Essential Hyl~rumionin Black Amwicam." PHILLIPJ. BOWMAN.As:isant ~sor. Departmmt q( Psycholo£y, The Unit, rsity 0tMichigan, Ann Ar~---"Discoura~t Amon&JobkssBlack Yo, th: AMlysis qf Anumt~ts and Psychosocidl Com~nca."

39 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation GERALDINEK. BROOKINS, Associau Prff~w, ~t qCPsychology, Jackson State Univenity, Mhsissippi --"Strengths, Stress Factors and Coping AmongDual Career Black Familks." MARSHAJ. DARLING,Assistant tM#sor, Black Studies Departnunt, Wdlesley College, Wellesley, Massachuseus---~AnInterd~iplinary Examinationqc the Rural Afro-AmericanFamily." WALTERL. DAVIS,Assistant Profmor and Chairperson,Department of Sociology, TougalooCollege, Mississippi--"The Pr~sional Socializatton Experience of Minority Medical Students." WESLEYC. JACOBS,Field Specialist, First Nations Financial Project, Porcupine, South Dakotam"ThePseudo-Economics of Indian Country--Impact on Their Environs." DAVIDMONTEJANO, Research Associate, Southwest Voter Registration EducationProject, San Antonio, Texa~---"AnAnalysis of ChicanoElectoral Poh’tics, 1964-84: Gains and Promises." IDAR. MUKENGE,Associate Professor, Departmentof Sociology, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgiam"FamilyRelationships, Family Structure and IntergenerationalMobility." MELVINL. OLIVER,Assisant Professor, Departmentof Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles--"TheSocial Structure of UrbanBlack Social Support Networks." MARIAPENNOCK-ROMAN, Assistant Professor, School of Education, University of Penmyvama,Philadelphiam"Ethnic Differences in Test Performance: Explanatory ModelsBased on Degreesof Acculturation, Language,and EducationalFactors." SUZANNEM. RANDOLPH,Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrtcs& Child Health, HowardUniversity College of Medicine, Washington, D.C. "Cognitive-MotivationalDevelopment in Black PretermInfants: A Transactional Approach."

CHRISTOPHERB’ SMITH,Associate Prof. essor & Chawman,D~.artment of Soctology,Mount Saint .Mary’sCollege, E. mmttsburg,i~....ryland--".Private Residential lntegratton tn a NorttmmCtty: A Longitudinal Analysts qr the Interracial ContactHypothesis." JAMESC. SMITH,Department qr Political Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi--’A Survey ~. Black Mayors on Inurg~mental Matters and the Impact qr the NewFederalism." DENNISN. VALDES,Assistant tM#sor, Chicano Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolism"LatinoAgricultural Migrants in the Midwest 1918-1970." ANACELIA ZENTELLA, Associate Pro#sot, Department of Black and Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, NewYork, NewYork--"Language Attitucks and Behavior of NewYork City Hispanics."

The overall aim of the Health Sciences program, initiated in 1977, is to improve the health of mankind, with a particular emphasis on the developing world, through three interactive components—The Great Neglected Diseases of Mankind, The Health of Populations, and Coping with Biomedical and Health Information. Also of concern is the exploration of strategies for the more efficient implementation of health programs such as selective primary health care. O The Great Neglected Diseases of Mankind. Diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, hookworm, and the recurrent diarrheas of children are "great" in that they afflict hundreds of millions of people, largely in the developing world, and are "neglected" in that they have received relatively little attention from the global biomedical research community. The Foundations goal is to improve the knowledge, the means of treatment, and the control of these great diseases by attracting outstanding scientists to study them. The mechanism is long-term support of an international network of investigative units, each engaged in laboratory research and in collaborative clinical and field investigation in endemic areas. The results of this research will be applied quickly via operational studies in the developing countries. O The Health of Populations. Maldistribution of expensive manpower, equipment, and facilities is common throughout the world. This has resulted in small numbers of individuals receiving costly, high-technology, curative care, while the vast majority lack even inexpensive, preventive, primary health care. One cause of this problem is a dearth of population- based perspectives in health education, research, and management, areas which are essential for setting priorities, allocating resources, selecting cost-effective means of intervention, and evaluating their impact on the health of populations served. The Foundation is fostering research and training in clinical epidemiology—the study of the health of populations—primarily through support for major training centers in Canada, the U.S., and Australia, and the introduction of clinical epidemiology units into the medical schools of the developing world. The centers and units have been gathered into an interactive organization called INCLEN, the International Clinical Epidemiology Network. O Coping with Biomedkal and Health Information, The exponential growth of biomedical, behavioral, and health services data makes it increasingly difficult to utilize efficiently that small portion of the information which is either of current or enduring value. Under this component, the Foundation encourages research on the development of improved health sciences and statistical information systems.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE GREAT In December 1977, the Trustees approved support for an international NEGLECTED network of investigative units, each headed by an outstanding scientist, to DISEASES OF work on the "great neglected diseases of the developing world," and by late MANKIND 1984, 15 such units were being funded. These comprise seven clinical units in Boston, Charlottesville, Cleveland, London, Seattle, Oxford, and Cairo; four immunology units in Boston, Stockholm, Tel Aviv, and Melbourne; and four biochemistry/pharmacology units in New York, Cleveland, Mexico City, and Bangkok. Three of the network institutions are themselves in developing countries; all others have collaborative programs with a total of 28 different countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, devoting at least 25 percent of personnel time and 30 percent of funding to clinical and field investigation in endemic areas.

The fruits of the research network and their field applications in the developing world are becoming apparent. The units now involve 132 scientists and 129 trainees (10 from less-developed countries), who over the past four years have produced more than 1,300 publications. Substantive developments include new diagnostic tests using monoclonal antibodies and DNA hybridization for schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, and leprosy. Genomic and cDNA libraries have been developed for schistosomiasis,filariasis , malaria, leishmaniasis, and babesiosis; these can be used for identification and production of vaccines. Protective monoclonal antibodies against malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and infectious mononudeosis (associated with Burkitt lymphoma in Africa and nasopharyngeal cancer in China) have been demonstrated, both in the test tube and in experimental animals. A potential vaccine for Plasmodium falciparunt, the lethal form of malaria, has been produced by genetic engineering in two of the Network laboratories; the toxic agent produced by the dysentery-causing amebi has been isolated and purified, leading to the possibility of an antitoxin type of vaccine. Possible new synthetic vaccines (simple short strings of amino acids) for cholera, enterotoxigenic E. colt and malaria are in the process of development, as well as new classes of drugs for amebic dysentery, river blindness, whooping cough, African sleeping sickness, and leprosy.

Eight Career Development Fellowships in Geographic Medicine have been awarded. Recipients continue to spend full time on the Great Neglected Diseases and to advance both academically and administratively.

In 1984, the Health Sciences, together with the Agricultural and Population Sciences, initiated a program of career development fellowships that will give biotechnologists from developing countries an opportunity to conduct investigations requiring periodic residence at a premier research institution in the developed world,

For the firstrim e since the programs inception, substantial grants were made in addition to network allocations. Funds were provided for the formation of PERG, the Parasite Epidemiology Research Group led by Roy Anderson, a mathematical ecologist at Imperial College* in London. In order to prevent A significant hiatus in his research program, Dr. Keith McAdam received funds lor tlnve younger investigators from Tufts to go

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation with himm he rakes up his newduties as Chminn~ofClim’cxl llupical Medicineat the londonSchool of Hygieneand "liq~ical Medicine. Smallergrants.supported nmearch on leishmaniasisin Brazil, malaria in Nigesia, intestinal helminthsin manin Tlmilandand in hdxxxmin Tanmnia.Support has beenprovided for a Senegaleseto workon cysticercosis in~, an Indian to workon tuberculosis in Oslo, anda B~ladeshi to work on ~ disease in Cleveland. The molecular biolosy ff malaria is being supported at the Sloln-~ Institute in NewYork and ~’Clmg~ disease at RockefellerUniversity. Collaborative workbetween the malariavaccine groupat NYUon the East Ctmstand the synthetic vaccinegroup at the ScrippsImtimte on the WestCoast has beensupported.

GRANTS

GND NETWORK BRIGHAMAND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, Boston, Massachusetts, for use by GRANTS its Robert B. BrighamDivision to support an immunoparasitologydivision in its Departmentof Medicine. $150,000 CASE WESTERNRESERVE UNIVERSITY, Cleveland. Ohio: In support of a pharmacoparasitologyresearch unit in its Departmentof Pharmacology. $15 O, 000 For overseasresearch by its Divisionof GeographicMedicine. $50,000 In supportof a collaborativeresearch program with the BiomedicalResearch Centerfor Infectious Diseases,Cairo, Egypt. $100,000 CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND ADVANCEDSTUDIES, National PolytechnicInstitute, MexicoCity, Mexico,for the study of the pathogenestsof invasive amebiasis,onchocerciasis, and Americantrypanosomiasis. $50,000 WALTER AND ELIZA HALL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, Melbourne,Australia, in support of an immunoparasitologyresearch unit. $150,000 LONDONSCHOOL OF HYGIENEAND TROPICALMEDICINE, London,England, toward support of the Department~ Clinical TropicalMedicine. $50,000 MAHIDOLUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand, fiJr its Department of Biochemistryto developa division of parasite biochemistry. $50,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York, toward the costs ¢f the Eighth AnnualMeeting ¢f the BiomedicalResearch Netu~rk of the Great Negluted Diseases of Mankind. $26,,762

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ROCKEFELLERUNIVERSITY, New York, N¢w York, in support y a p~ra~itology research unit. $150,000 TUFTSUNIVERSITY, Medford,r Massachmetts, in support ¢[ a division 9 geographicmedicine. $150,000 UNIVERSITYOF OXFORD,Oxford, England, in support y a tropical medicine research unit in its Nu~Department of Clinical Medicine. $150,000 UNIVERSITYOF STOCKHOLM,Stockholm, Sweden, for a joint research unit with UppsalaUniversity on immuneregulation qf parasitism. $150,000 UNIVERSITYOF VIRGINIA,Charlottesville, Yirg!nia, in support of a diviston of geographicmedicine m tts Department~ MediCine. $150,000 UNIVERSITYOF WASHINGTON,Seattle, Washington, in support 9r a geograhicmedicine unit in its Departmentof Medicine. $150,000 WEIZMANNINSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, Rehovot, Israel, in support of a unit for molecularbiology yparastttc diseases. $15o, ooo

GND-RELATED SANDRACHAPLAN, Medical School qC the State University 9tRio deJaneiro, GRANTS Brazil, to undertakea researchproject on leprosy. $3,000 CHILDREN’SHOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER, Boston, Massachusetts, in support 9r research m the fundamentalelements of immunopathogeneticmechanisms in dengue. $35,000 MILLICENTR. COKER-VANN,National Institutes y Health, Bethesda, Maryland,research prolect on Taenia solium infectiom. $31,415

THOMASEGWANG, Case Westwn R. es .e~ Uniwrsit 7, Ck~land, Ohio, researchon the developmentand charactertzattonof protectw¢vaccmea against lymphaticfilariasis. $34,320 HARVARDUNIVERS.IT~’.., Cambridge, Massachmetts, to assess and disseminate data on the geographtcdistribution and frequencyof n~ntal illness aroundthe world. $12,000 GEORGEV. HILLYER,University qr Cambridge, England, reJ~rch proja’t on immunityto schistosonus. $10,400 44

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation IQBALKABIR, Case Wesurn Reso~ Unitersity, Ckm~nd, Ohio, for a ~ter’s roe in on,irommtdpi, t ology. $25,000 PAULM. LIZARDI,Rochefdler University, New York, New York, res~rch on repetitive DNAclones for high sensitivity parasite daecttonassays. $29,800 LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE, Iavulon, England,in support qCresearchon lepmry by its D~artmentqt Clinical Tropical Medidneunder the direaion qC Keith AlcAdam. $95,000 MAHIDOLUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand, to study infeaion and morbidity Oc hdminthparasztes in villages in Thailand. $35,000 NATIONAL FOUNDATIONFOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Richmond, larginia, for providing a minority-groupphystaan with a fellowship for researchin tropical medicine. $20,000 NEWYORK UNIVERSITY, New York, New York, toward the costs 9# a prolect#three for applying molecularbiology and advancedimmunology to the study 9 great negkaeddiseases of the developingworld. $100,000 NADIANOGUEIRA, University 9#Rio deJaneiro, Rio deJaneim, Brazil, to apply the results of her researchon trypanosomutsis,malaria, and leprosy. $7,508 PRINCETONUNIVERSITY, Princeton, NewJersey, research on the dynamta 9# infection and the evaluationqc vaccinationand other control programs. $20,000 JEFFREYV. RAVETCH,Memorial Sloan-Katering Cancer Center, New York, NewYork, researchon the moleculargenetic basis for protein secretion by Plasmodium. $30,000 SUDARIENGROJPITAK, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, to enable her to study towarda Ph.D. degree at York University, England. $30,040 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: BiotochnologyCareer Fellowships for scientists from doMopingconntrks (co- sponsoredfor a total q( $800,000also by Agricultural Scienauand Population Sciencesprograms, and Special Interests and Explorations). $100,000 For a BdlagioConferrnu on the Protection 0c the World’sChildren. $4,851 For a tarring to comiderthe establishnnnt o/an l,twnational Btto~tion of Tropical Medici., $12,000

PATRICIAROMANS, National lnstituus q( Health, B#thuda, Marjland, for postdoctoral studi~ on the molecular gmeics of Anophelesgambiae. $25,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation FERRUCIOSANTORO, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France, for work with Brazilian scientists to developa leishmamastsvaccine. $20,000 SCRIPPS CLINIC AND RESEARCHFOUNDATION, LaJolla, Califor- ma, collaborative research with NewYork University to study the structure and tmmunologicalproperttes of CSproteins found on the surface membraneof sporozottes of the malariaparasite, P. knowlesi. $35,O00 IRO.KA J. UDEINYA,University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria, for research on malarta at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. $20,400 UNITED NATIONSCHILDREN’S FUND, New York, New York, for use by the Task Forcefor Child Survival to developcomprehensive nationwide immunizationplans for Senegal, Colombia,and India. $35,000 UNIVERSITYHOSPITALS, Cleveland, Ohio, research project to elucidate differences in Onchoceravolvulus strains from major geographicfoci which may relate to variationsin disease. $18,700 UNIVERSITYOF EDINBURGH,Edinburgh, United Kingdom, for Professor John G. Scaife’s trip to Gambmto discuss malariaresearch. $1,500 UNIVERSITYOF THE WESTINDIES, Kingston. Jamaica,for research on the pathologyand etiology of pediatric trichuriasis. $22,221 YALEUNIVERSITY, New Haven, Connecticut, for developing reagents fl~r detecting type specific antibodiesin hmnansera. $35,000 YESHIVA UNIVERSITY, New York, New]brk, for a workshopon the use of magneticresonance in the stud), of intracellular parasitism, at the Marine Biological Laboratoryin WrmdsHole, Massachusetts. $7,000

ROCKEFELLER A. DEANBEFUS, Department of Pathology, McMasterUniversity Medical FOUNDATION Centre, Hamilton,Ontario, Canada,fitr resean’hon characteristics and functtons of CAREER mast cells ....m parasmcnfectit ons. DEVELOPMENT ALAINDESSEIN, Cellular Immunology Unit, Brigham and Women’sHospital, FELLOWSHIPS IN Boston, Massachusetts,to develop an effective vaccine against S. mansoniand to GEOGRAPHIC determinethe role of lgE antibodies in immunityagainst S. rnansoni and T. MEDICINE spiralis mfectmns. JAMESW. KAZURA,Department of Medicme, Uni~rsity Hospitals, Cleveland,Ohio, for researchon immunityin filariasis.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation HENRYWILKE MURRAY, Division of International Medicine, Cornell University, NewYork, NewYork, for research on the killing of leishmamaby host cells. RUPERTK. A. SCHMIDT-ULLRICH,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Tufts-NewEngland Medical Cent~ Medford,Massachusetts, for studies on immunogenicityof species- and stage-independentmalaria antigens.

THE HEALTH OF Under this component,the Foundation is fostering growth of the field of POPULATIONS clinical epidemiologyin developing countries. In the in.temational context, clinical epidemiologywill enhance the ability of physicmnsto makesound decisions regarding the diagnosis treatment, and prevention of disease based upon catefially designed population based studies. The result should be to provide moreeffective medical care moreefficiently and to permit interventionin the events of disease causationat an earlier stage. In 1984, support was provided to clinical EpidemiologyResource and Training Centers (CERTCs)located at the University of Pennsylvania, McMasterUniversity in Canada, and the University o¢ Newcastle in Australia. Each of these institutions receives funds to permit additions to their training staffs and m provide annually an average of five one-year fellowships. Other sources of fellowship funds are Brazil~ National Science and Technology Research Council, Canada~International Development Research Centre, the Australian DevelopmentAssistance Board, and the WorldHealth Organization. Fellows are junior to mid-career clinicians whohave completedspecialty training, have secure faculty positions, and have protected time for research activities. Fellows ate nominatedby medical schools that subscribe to the goals and objectives of the clinical epidemiology program and demonstrate institutional excellence and leadershipwithin their countries. To date, 58 fellows from 19 imtitutiom have entered or completed training. Of these institutions, seven located in Asia have beenselected for the creation of clinical epidemiologyunits (CEUs),four of whichwill receive sustaining support from the Rockefeller Foundation.A CEU generally will be composedof about 6 active clinicians representing several medicaland surgical specialties, as well as a biostatistician anda health economist. It is hopedthat in time a CEUwill comtitute a critical massof mJearch-competentfaculty whowill be able to introduce qualitative changesthroughout the entire institution and, ultimately, in other medical schools within the country. Thereis evidence that this is happening.CEUs in Thailandhave formeda Clinical F.pidemiology Club and spomoredtwo nationwide training symposiaon critical appraisalof the medicalliterature andclinical decision making. The WorldBank has provided a loan to the governmentof China to strengthenmedical education with clinical epidemiololjyas a major component.As a part of this program,two CEUs,Sichuan and First

47 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation and core~ mCEUsto cov~ adminismmve, mm~, sund compam6omdcosts. INCLEN~p will provide a mecbmism o¢ maintaininga cohenmtphil~y for the development c¢clinical epidemiology and for setting smndmdswithin the field. Ukimately, CEU leaders will provide governance to INCI.EN. Becamemining goals for projected smffmg d Asian CELls have been largely achieved, steps are being taken to expm~INCI.EN to Latin America.Fifteen medicalinstitutions in six Latin Americancountries were visited by a teamfrom the RockefellerFoundation and the CERI~.Four irmtimtiom,one each in Chile, Brazil, Colombia,and Mexicowere selected.

GRANTS ANHUIMEDICAL COLLEGE, Hefii, Anhui Pmwinee, People’s Republic China,research in clinical epidemiologyat the AnhuiMedical College. $5,000 MARYJANE CARDOSA, Unitersity of Malaya, Malaysia, to support post- doctoraltraining at the Universityof Malaya,and at the ScrippsInstituu of MedicalResearch, California. $20,000 DEMOGRAPHICASSOCIATION OF COSTARICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, for preparationof a monographentitled "Estadisticasde Saluden Costa Rica." $2,800 ESCOLAPAULISTA DE MEDICINA,S~o Paulo, Brazil: To establish a postgr, uluaucourse on r~earch,~thods with spa~al~h, uu .on the critical appraisalq: clinical wi~ and towardthe s#pportq: the Climcal EpidmiologyUnit, Fornsearch in clinical epidwniology. GADJAHMADA UNIVERSITY, l, bg~&rt~, Indou~ia, fir r~wch in di.ical qJid~niology. 85,000 IMPERIALCOLLEGE OF SCIENCEAND TECHNOIX3GY, ~, E.&land,fortb, ,s~,blisb.,.,t q: a l.,r.ui. ~idmolo87.uwcb $125,000

48 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INTERNATIONAL O.INICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK (INO.EN): Additional funds for the second meeting 9¢ the Asian Clinical Epidemidogy Nework , held in Pattaya , Thailand. $4,070 For a health economistto visit four Asian Clinical EpidemiologyUnits to assess h~lth economics ~ources. $8,000 For third amu~lmeeting ~c the International Clinical EpidemiologyNetwork, Caviu, Philippines. $100,000 Towardintm¢mnge activities baweencenters and unit. $ 30,000 Travel costs ~ the Latin AmericanCommission. $25,000 Travelfunds for clinical epidemiology]ellows’ participationin meetingqc the lnurm~ionalEpidemiological Association. $5,400 Travel funds for clinical epidemiologyl~llow’s participation in the XI Inum~ional Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. $1,100

KHONKAEN UNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand: Forsupport qc researchin clinical epidemiology. $ 20,000 Towardthe establishmentqC a clinical epidemiologyunit as a componentqc the international clinical epidemiology network. $25,000

MAHIDOLUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand: Towardthe establishmentqC a clinical epidemiologyunit as a component~ the international clinical epidemiologynetwork. $25,000 Forsupport ~ researchin clinical epidemiology. $5,000

McMASTERUNIVERSITY, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, research and developmentalactivities related to the disseminationand apph’cation qr health care knowledge. $35,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: P~arationfor a conference on GoodHealth at LowCost. $1,500 Consultativemeetings to assess vaccineneeds for developingcountries. $15,000 Meeting9 c the GeneralAssembly ~c the International Federationqc Tropical Medicine. $3,559

SICHUANMEDICAL COLLEGE, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic qc China, for mearchin clinical epidemiology. $5,000 UNIVERSIDADDEL VALLE, Cali, Colombia, in support 9# a comparative study 9c the PAHOManual on Diagnosis 9# PsychopathologicDisorders versus a standardlwture format after training primaryhealth care workers. $17,ooo UNIVERSIDADEFEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, for mearchin clinical ¢id~Tiolo~. $5,000 49 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation UNIVERSITYOF HAWAII,Honolulu, Hawaii, for support qf prarp~tve cohort studies qCdengue in populatiomq[ IndonesianchiMren. $35,000 UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, toward the tuition for two candidatescompleting the Masterq[ Sciencein clinical epidemiology. $15,500 UNIVERSITYOF TORONTO,Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to support the design qC short coursesand a workshopin mternationaldinical epidemiology. $50,000 UNIVERSITYOF WISCONSIN,Madison, Wisconsin, to develop epi- demiologicalhealth surveillance systemsand prepare materials for training coursesin primaryhealth care services andhealth administrationfor the LaoPeople’s DemocraticRepublic. $30,000

COPING WITH 1984 saw the publication of Sda’tivity in Injbr#mtion $ysums: $~ 9c the BIOMEDICAL Fittest (Praeger) based on a Foundation-spomotedconference dealing with AND HEALTH aspects of selectivity presented by outstandingcognitive psychologists, INFORMATION sociologists, and informationscientists. The Foundation~particular interest in the problems of the developing world will be fostea~ tbsough a sym- posiumat the Institute of Scientific Informationin Philadelphia on howto include biomedical and health information from the less-developed countries in the great computerized informatiorr bases, MEDLARSand the Science Citation Index. Representatives have been invited from developing countries to consider howto deal with this difficult and important problem.

GRANTS HARVARDUNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Masscwhusetts. to undertakea pilot study to imprraethe pr~’essof assessingn~dical techndogies. $12,000 JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Baltimore, Maryland, for a project at the International Centre flw DiarrhoealDisease Research, Dhaka,Bangladesh, to create longitudinal data file., ~Jr the Matlabdonographic sumeillance system from 1978-1982(jointly sponsoredu’ith the PopulationSciences program]~r a total of $49.915). $25,000 UNIVERSITYOF OREGON,Eugene, Oregon, jiJr a u,orkshop to anerage~f the scientifw output of the Third World, $9,750

1984 was vastly different from George Orwell's dark vision. Pluralism, rather than spreading mind control, characterizes contemporary international relations, although the velocity and unpredictability of change heightens the risks of miscalculation. As vastly different societies struggle to adapt to the diffusion of political and economic power against the backdrop of a precarious nuclear balance, the search for practical steps to promote mutual security and prosperity acquires fresh urgency. For democracies, strengthening foreign partnerships will require greater domestic consensus and national constancy, while authoritarian regimes must learn to tolerate freer debate of vital foreign policy issues if they are to develop sufficient national resilience to withstand the vagaries of international interdependence. It is in this context that the International Relations Program charts its course, setting for itself the following goals: O Within the United States, to strengthen the contribution of nongovernmental international relations research to U.S. foreign policy; O In countries other than the United States, to strengthen the analytical capacity of international relations research institutions that can operate substantially without government constraint and have the potential to increase the intellectual underpinnings of these countries foreign policies; O To provide more effective opportunities for public and private experts from different countries to analyze problems jointly and develop practical solutions that can command wide public support.

IN'TF.K NATIONAL In U.S. -Soviet relations the major strategy of the Foundation has been to SK UR1 n augment American capacity to analyze Soviet foreign policy. Three large grants were made this year. Two of these led to the establishment of new interdisciplinary centers on Soviet International Behavior: one jointly administered by the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University, the other jointly administered by the Rand Corporation and UCLA. A third grant will strengthen research and training in thisfiel da t Columbia University's Harriman Institute. To take advantage of their impact on the research community, the Foundation awarded a series of smaller grants to, among others, the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies to establish a Joint Committee on Soviet Foreign Policy Studies; to the University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign, for its summer research laboratory to help Soviet specialists retain their skills, and to the International Research and Exchanges Board to enable coordination among participants in Soviet exchanges.

Abroad, in cooperation with U.S. scholars, the Foundation gave special attention to strengthening policy-relevant research on interrelated international siruriry ami economic problems ar institutes in Asia. In Singapore, A major grant assisted the development of a new regional strategic studies

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation at the Somla .4sha kudies. Gmats alsomade

and to assist the Asiaa IntmamonalIMatiom la, ogtam at the JapanCenter for Intematio~ Exchange,’Tokyo. Finally, a majorgrant was madeto stmag~tmathe analytic capacities ~ leading ~n affairs institutes in China, throughtraining fellowships and confetm~eswith U.S. international telatiom centers.

GRANTS AMERICANACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Cambridge, Massachusetts,in supportof U.S.-Sovietdiscussions related to its study on u~apom in space. $30,000 AMERICANASSEMBLY, New York, New York, for its jomt program with the Councilon ForeignRelatiom on U.S.-Canadarelations. $35,000 AMERICANENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, Washington,# D.C., for a study 9 foreign relatiomin the MiddleEast andthe role 9#the UnitedStates. "- $100,000 ASPEN INSTITUTE FOR HUMANISTICSTUDIES, New York, New York: Towardthe costs of a dialogueamong key opinionleaders fromLatin America, the Caribbean, and the United States. $10,000 Towardthe costs qe meetingsand related researchactivities of the newStraugy and Arms Control Group. $200,000

ATLANTICCOUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C., for a study entitled, "ThePresidency, the ExecutiveBranch, and the Congressin ForeignPolicy." $25,000 ATLANTICINSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONALAFFAIRS, Paris, France,in supportof its pro/ecton the security priorities ~ countriesalong NATO’s southernflank. $185,000 MERONBENVENISTI, Jerusalem,tcurrent Israel, to continue his assessment 9 conditions on the West Bankand Gaza. $75,000 BROOKI1TGSINSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., in support ~’a pro/oct on future relations amongEgypt, Israel, and the UnitedStates. $250,0o0 CHICAGOCOUNCIL ON FOREIGNRELATIONS, Chicago, Illinois, for its projoct on the democratization~ Spainand Portugal. $25,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CHULAI.ONGKORNUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand, in s~ ffCits Institute ffc Swm.ityand International St.dies. $50,000 COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, New York: In support qCstudies on Soviet inurnatmnal bdmmorat the W. Averdl HarrimanInstitute for AdvancedStudy qc the Soviet Union(also funded for total ~c$987,500from Special Interests and Explorations). $12,500 To enable a group qCAmericanSoviaologists to broadenunderstanding in South Africa of Sovia foreign policy. $22,100

COMMITTEEFOR NATIONALSECURITY, Washington, D.C., in supportqC its wonun’sleadership conferowes. $90,000 COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDIES WITH THEPEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(to be administered by the Institute of International Education)toward the costs of a programfor devdopmg international relations expertise in Chinaand promoting closer cooperationwith U.S. scholarsin this field. $99,600 FLORIDA INTERNATIONALUNIVERSITY, Miami, Florida, toward the publication and distribution of the proceedingsof the conferenceon "Honduras:An International Dialogue." $5,000 DAVIDS. FRIES,Rockville, Maryland,to assist Jan Lodal in a study of the interaction of U.S. armscontrol policies, the U.S. defense structure, andthe political supportthese policies musthave. $2,000 GEORGETOWNUNIVERSITY, Washington, D.C., for use by its Center for Strategic and InternationalStudies, towardthe costs of preparingthe secondeditton of the International Security Yearbook. $25,000 INSTITUT FRANCAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES, Paris, France, towardits MiddleEast research program. $18,750 INSTITUTE OF SOUTHEASTASIAN STUDIES, Singapore, to strongth~ its newregional strategic studies program. $1oo,ooo INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES,/amdon, England,for its programon regional swurity and international order in the 1980s. $8 INTERNATIONALPEACE ACADEMY, New York, New York, toward ttx costs q: its regionalsecurity programs. $ o,ooo JAPAN CENTERFOR INTERNATIONALEXCHANGE, Tokyo, Japan, for its Asian international rdatiom program. $ oo , ooo

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CHARLESE KETTERINGFC).UNDATIO.N., Dayton, Ohio, t.ou~.ard the costs qeDartmouthConference XIE revolving leading auzens of the UmtedStates and the Soviet Union. $25,000 ROMANLABA, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in support of his research on the Solidarity Movementin Poland. $25,000 RANDCORPORATION, Santa Monica, California. toward the costs of establishing the Centerfor the Study of Soviet International Behavi~jointly administeredwith the Uni~rsity of California, Los Angeles. $500,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: Foran internationalconference of youngscholars entitled, "Soviet ForeignPolicy in an Uncertain World." $50,000 Towardthe costs of U.S. participation in a meetingwith the Soviet Academyof Scienceson recent de~dopnwntsin southernAfrica. $20,000

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCHCOUNCIL, New York, New York, in supportof workshopson advancedtraining and research in the field of Sovietforeign polfiy. $25,000 TRANSAFRICAFORUM, Washington, D.C., for its series of artMes by prominentAfricans on U.S. policy tou’ard that region. $29,415 TRILATERALCOMMISSION (North America), New York, New York, supportof a project entitled. "Security Problemsin East and SoutheastAsia." $50,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,Berkeley, and STANFORDUNIVER- SITY,Stanford. Califltmia, in support of the joint Berkeley-StanfordProgram on Srn,iet lntowationalBehavior (also fimckd for a total of $987.500front Special Interests and Explorations). $975,000 UNIVERSITYOF ILLINOIS, Urbana-Champatgn, Illinois, fiJr seminarson Soviet intemtationalbehavior sponsored by the SumnwrResearch Laboratory on Russia and Eastern Europe. $50,000 UNIVERSITYOF SOUTHCAROLINA, Columbia, South Carolina, toward the ~vJstsof a conferenceon the S¢n,ietpresence in Afghantstan andits impacton South Asm. $5,000 YALEUNIVERSITY, Neu, Haten, Connecticut, flw a conferenceon "Contempo- rary Poland:The Present in Historical Perspa’the." $10,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ECONOMIC Final ~ was provided in 1984 to the Ga~ a’Thirty, a ~t COOPERATION ~ive gamp initiamt by the Foumtation in 1978 to deal with inmraatioml ecoamni¢ and namet~ ~. ~ grants were madeto a numberd imtitutiomto ea~plo~the comequeacesof lXmeat andfutu~ internationalecmmmic policies, with a special emphasisplaced on international trade and developmentwithin the poorer nations.

GRANTS AMERICANSOCIETY OF INTERNATIONALLAW, Washington, D.C., in supportof its prolect on managingtrade relations in the 1980s. $25,000 ASPEN INSTITUTE FOR HUMANISTIC STUDIES, New York, New York, for a project on governancein a worldeconomy. $20,000 CENTREFOR EUROPEANPOLICY STUDIES, Brussels, Belgium, in supportof a prolect on Europe’sfuture in high technology. $164,000 CHAMBEROF COMMERCEOF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C., for use by its Nigerian-U.S.Business Council, to prepare and disseminate a study of the Tradeand In~stment Policies of the Federal Military Goz~nmentof Nigeria. $2o,ooo COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, Washington, D.C., for U.S. participation in a Mexico-U.S.conference of business leaders. $17,800 CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND MONETARYAFFAIRS, New York, New York, toward the cost of its operations. $536,171 COUNCILON FOREIGNRELATIONS, New York, New York, toward the costs of a cooperativeproject with the OverseasDevelopment Council on African development. $20,000 GLOBALINTERDEPENDENCE CENTER, Philaddphia, Pmmylvama, towardthe costs qC the sixth International Monetaryand TradeConfwence. $15,000 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECO- NOMICRELATIONS, New Delhi, India, toward the costs of U.$. and Europeanparticipation at the Roundtableon International Monetaryand Financ~l Systemsand Issues. $12,ooo INSTITUT FRANCAIS DES RELATIONSINTERNATIONALES, P,~is, France,toward the costs q~ its prolect on capital flows andthe worldeconomy. $160,000

$50,000 PAN-PACIFIC COMMUNITYASSOCIATION, Washington, D.C., for mm~hops,meetings, and the ~ion and dissemination qc r~ns. $25,000 SOCIETYFOR INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT, Rome, Italy, for use by its North South Roundtable, Washington, D.C., in support ~the 1984-85 meetings of the Roundtableon Moneyand Finance. $20,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,San Diego, California, for use by its Centerfor U.S.-MexicanStudies towardthe costs qCits comparativeprolect on Latin Americanand Asian developmentstrategies and economicinstitutions. $44,000 UNIVERSITYOF NOTREDAME, Notre Dame, Indiana, toward the costs its Programon Multinational Corporationsand Third WorldDevelopments. $100,000

GRANTS ASIASOCIETY, New York, New York, in support of its China Council and RELATED TO Asian Agendaprograms (also funded from Special Interests and Explorattonsfor OTHER total of $300,000). FOUNDATION $150,000 PROGRAMS ASSOCIATION OF FORMERMEMBERS OF CONGRESS, Washington, D.C., in support qCits international campusfellows program(jointly sponsoredby the Arts and Humanitiesprogram for a total q: $50,000). $25,000

~/scussROWNion at UNIVERSITY,the PembrokeProvidence,Center for TeachingRhodeIsland, and Research for a multi-disciplinaryon Womenon the assumptionsshaping gender research in third-world countries (also fundedby the Arts and Humamtmprogram and Special Interests and Explorations for a total of $21,000). $7,000 CENTERFOR NATIONALPOLICY, Washington, D.C., to support the dewlopnmtt9 ca national agendafor food and agricultural policy (jointly sponsored by the Agricultural Sciences programfor a total qc $40.000). $15,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York, for planning an intwnationalconference on Polish agriculture (jointly sponsoredby the Agricultural Sciences programfor a total qc $50.000). $25,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ROCKEFELLER The ~p Pmgmmis ~ to ptevide tateneed yotm8 men and FOUNDATION womenwith q, pmmi~fer meet develelm~t thzou~ wedc ovem~ FEIJ.OWSHIPS IN ,elating to the mticipaticm, mamg.ement,and ,emlution ~ intemtieml INTERNATIONAL cmflict. ~ haw been developed for eliciting mmin~om RELATIONS and the md interview/n_8 ~" candidateswith the mimu~or" an advisorypanel. Thefollowing awardswere continuedin 1984:

PETERE COWHEY,University of California, San Diego, California. The role of the telecommunicatiomand data processingsectors in the future of the world wonomy. GIIAJANGUNN, Business International, London, England. U.S. Policy toward Mozambiqueand Angola. JANICEMcCORMICK, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Labor-managementrelatiom in the computerand electronics industries q;Japan, the United States, and France. J. MOHANRAO, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. Growth, equity, and employmentin Asian agriculture. GHASSANSALAME, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon. An evaluation of U.S. strategies in the MiddleEast. SUSANL. SHIRK,University qc California, San Diego, California. An analysis of the domesticpolitical comtraintson foreign economtcpolicy makingin .China since 1979.

57 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation POPULATION SCIENCES The Rockefeller Foundation continues its efforts to improve the options available to developing countries in setting population policies and to individuals wishing to control their own fertility. The Population Sciences program emphasizes research and training to advance knowledge in the population field and to increase the pool of skilled professionals able to make the best use of the latest scientific information under three components: O Research in reproductive biology—strengthening of basic research related to fertility regulation, with emphasis on application of molecular biology, and expansion of scientific and technical capacity in developing countries. O Research on contraceptive technology—the application of basic research results to contraception research and technology; the development of new contraceptive methods, including testing for acceptability; and the exploration of health and safety issues relating to existing and new methods. O Policy studies—to improve the understanding of fertility determinants, with emphasis on the status and roles of women; of determinants and consequences of population growth in developing countries; and of selected population issues in the United States.

REPRODUCTIVE The Foundation continues to give special attention to how concepts of BIOLOGY molecular biology—the biochemistry of protein synthesis, molecular genetics, membrane and receptor biology, and molecular immunology— may be of use to scientists trying to solve the problems of human reproduction. With Foundation support, research is underway at laboratories in Chile, Brazil, India, Israel, and China on topics as diverse as efforts to develop a vaccine that acts only to suppress the motility of sperm, studies on how hormones control the passage of the egg in the oviduct and uterus, and the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to gonadotropin- releasing hormone.

The officers endeavour to make awards to those institutions which can make best use of the Foundations limited resources and are following the most exciting leads in reproductive biology. It is an added plus if such research support helps to strengthen institutions in the developing world, where population problems are most seven.1, or trains third-world scientists in the process. Of special note is the Foundation's continuing assistance to the Institute of Developmental Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. The Foundation helped to establish this Institute and continues to assist Chinese biomalical science by providing funds for training, equipment, and supplies. Many of the smaller research projects currently funded by the Foundation at laboratories in the United States are led by third-world scholars or have visiting scientists from such nations as collaborators.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Foundation.grants in the field ~" ~,mductivebiology not only have produced,ignifa~t mm~and aided in the traimng cf~/onah able to do advam’edwork, but have also enabled institutions in countries phgued by hard-txum~ pmbk~mto purchase ~ory equipment. In this sane vein, the Foundationprovides small grants for supplies and equipment to the home institutiom of selected muaningFoundation fellows so that they can continue m use the talents they acquired abroad. During1984, 12 fellowships were awardedto biomedical scientists for advancedstudy either in the United States or Europe, and seven scientists will be completingthe second year of their studies. In 1984, a new fellowship programwas initiated specifically designed to train scientists fromdeveloping countries in the field of biotechnology. Underthis program,promising scientists in developing-country imtitutiom will be able m spend about three monthsa year for several years in an advancedlaboratory in the developed world. This venture, undertakenin collaboration with the Health and Agricultural Sciences Programs,meets an important need for developing-countryscientists.

GRANTS CENTRO DE PESQUISAS E CONTROLE DAS DOENCAS MATERNO-INFANTISDE CAMPINAS(CEMICAMP), Campinas, Bra- zil, for a meetingof Laten Americanscientists engagedin research on human reproduction. $10,000 CHINESEACADEMY OF SCIENCES,Beijing, People’s Republic of China: In further support qf its Institute of DevelopnuntalBiology. $ 300,000 For use by its ShanghaiInstitute of Cell Biologytoward the costs of a research projwt on antisperm antibodies and humansperm membrane proteins: immunoreactive carcmoembryonxantigen. $75,000 To purchaseequipment for three researchprojects in reproductivebiology at its Institute qC Zoology. $75,000

CORNELLUNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NewYork, for studies to be conducted at its MedicalCollege on immunologicalconsequences of spermantibody formatton. $25,000 FEDERALUNIVERSITY OF BAHIA, Salva~, Brazil: For mearchon hormonalregulation 9¢ prostaglandin synthesu in prawulatory humanfollicles. $23,000 To study in vitro fertilization, using humaneggs and sperm. $20,000

HOWARDUNIVERSITY, Washington, D.C., to provide fir summer employnuntof minority-grouphigh school studentsas apprentic~in lifi-sciencrs reJearchlaboratories at universities (jointly sponsoredwith the EqualOpportunity programfor a total 9¢ $300,000). $1oo, ooo

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation m~mmd/aowyu maturation. $25,000 MARINEBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, Woods Hole, ~auachmetts: Towardthe costs ~Casymposium entitled ~Origiuand Evolution ~Sex." $5,000 For pilot proiwts to study the biological ~cfwts of ultrasound. $35,000

POPULATIONCOUNCIL, New York, New York, for mearch on hormone action and oocytematuration, conducted at its Centerfor BiomedicalIMearch. $25,000 ALEXANDREPSYCHOYOS, Paris, France, to conduct research on utorine blastotoxicfactors. $25,000 STANFORDUNIVERSITY, Stanford, California, for research on the ultrastructural effects of an LHRHagonist. $25,000 TEMPLEUNIVERSITY, Philadelphia, Penmflvania, to provide research trainingin developmentalbiology for Chinesescientists. $25,000 UNIVERSIDADNACIONAL DE CUYO,Mendoza, Argentina, for research onthe effect of gossypolon flagellate cells. $2,ooo UNIVERSITYOF IBADAN,Ibadan, Nigeria, for research on sperm-egg bindingduring fertilization. $5,ooo UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA,Philaeklphia, Pennsylvania, toward the costs of a researchand training programin reproductivebiology and endocrinologyfor phystctamand scientists fromLatin Americaand Africa. $500,000 YALEUNIVERSITY, New Haven, Connwticut, for studies qr hormonal contraceptiveagents and anomalousembryonic development. $28,844

CONTRACEPTIVE During1984, the Foundationcontinued its support of" the Population TECHNOLOGY Council~ International Committeefor Contraception Research. Composed of physicians and scientists fromChile, India, Canada,Finland, Sweden, France, and the United States, the ICCRhas developedintrauterine devices and the subdermal implant method of contraception namedNORPLANT. This pmgestin-basedimplant allows five to seven years of" contraceptive protection and is reversible. NORPLANThas been tested in Egypt, Thail~..d, and I .ndonesia; and a 1984 appropriationto the Population Councslis enablingthat organizationto give technical assistance to ChinaT, State FamilyPlanning Commission, as it tests this methodof birth control throughout China. 6O © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation The Foundation continues to consider research on the male con~ve agent, gouypol, of considerable imp. With Fomzhtion suplxx~, researda on this compoundis undencayat universities in the United States as well as in Norway,Austria, Australia, and Chinato amwerfundamental questions regardinggossypolh metabolism, sites of action, and safety.

GRANTS ASSIUTUNIVERSITY, Cairo, Egypt, to update the luunuatonal ~anon qr Gymcology and Obstetrics Manual on Hmnan~ion. $25,000 CENTERSFOR DISEASE CONTROL, Atlanta, Gawgia, to provide sup/tort swvicesfor a joint International TrainingProgram in FamilyPlanning Evaluation and Epidemiology. $28,000 CHINESEACADEMY OF MEDICALSCIENCES, Beijing, People’s Republic qf China: Toconduct further evaluativestudies qf gossypolas a malecontraceptive agent at its Capital Hospital. $119,000 Towardthe costs of a clinical pharmacokineticstudy of gossypolconducted at its Institute of MateriaMedica. $44,000 Forthe purchaseof researchequipment. $198,037

DUKEUNIVERSITY, Durham, North Carolina, for research on the metabolismand pharmacokmetics9# gossypol. $25,000 HARVARDUNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Forfurther investigations on the site 9#actionof gossypoland its derivativesin the male reproductive tract. $25,000 Towardthe cost of biochemicalstudies on the antispermatogenic~#fa’ts of gossypol. $37,448 NORTHCAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, Raleigh, North Carolina, towardthe costs qr a ~earchprojwt entitled "Effwtof Gossypolon NuclearProtein Synthesis and HistoneRrplacetrent in Rat Tesus." $36,165 POPULATIONCOUNCIL, New York, New York: To provickuchnical auistanu for a field trial andevaluation in Chinaqr the NORPLANTcontracrptive syst~n, conductedby the State Planning Commission qr China. $270,000 Towardthe costs of the ~earchprogram of the lnurnational Commit~for Contraception Research. $900,000

ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York, to.~tablish a BiouchnologyCareer l~llowship programfor ontstandingyoung therd-world scimtists (jointly spomomtfor a total qf $800,000also by the Agric, lutrdl $cimauand H~,lth Scirnmt~ograms, and $1~cidl lntwuts and Exploratiom). $Ioo,ooo

61 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation UNIVERSITYCOI.I.EGE LONDON,London, England, for research on the mitochondrialrole in the inhibition qr spwnuwogenesuby gossypol, conducted at its Departmentof Geneticsand Biometry. $25,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,San Diego, California, for research at its Schoolqc Medicineto tdentify the nucleophinefs ) on rat alpha-fetoprouinthat are importantfor gossypolbinding. $20,000 UNIVERSITYOF NORTHCAROLINA, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: To study the effect of gossypolon spermatogenesisin vitro. $25,000 Forresearch on the distribution and effects of gossypolin reproductivetissue. $2o,ooo UNIVERSITYOF SALZBURG,Salzburg, Austria, for research on the mechanismof action qCgossypol and a study of gossypolas a possiblecompound for malefertility control. $35,00o UNIVERSITYOFSYDNEY, Sydney, Australia, for a study of the antifortility activity of gossypolin the male. $25,000

POPULATION Under this program component, the Foundation supports the strengthen- POLICY ing of graduate-level training and research programsin developing countries, provides fellowships for developing-countrynationals, and awards grants for research and dissemination on selected population and developmentissues. Population dynamicsare influenced by and, in turn, shape economicand social development.Developing countries need social scientists trained in population studies both to develop the data and analysis base and to participate in the developmentpolicy process, but there continues to be a dearth of scientists in most of the developing world whocan undertake this work. To increase the numberof scholars in the developing world with expertise in demography,the Foundation has supported graduate programs at the Federal University of MinasGerais, Brazil, the University of Ire, Nigeria, and the University of Naimbi, Kenya. In 1984, the Foundation gave renewedsupport to a training and research programbased at the University of Pennsylvania, whichis training African scholars in demography. In addition to its supportof training, the Foundationhas aim provided funds for research on the determinantsand consequencesof population behaviorin developingcountries. Of special intemt is the relationship betweenthe status and roles of womenin developingcountries and their fertility levels. To improveunderstanding in this field, the Foundation established, in 1985, a research programm explore the effects of gender inequality within householdsand communitieson family-size decision making.In 1984, 12 awardswere madeunder this programon issues 62 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ranging from the effects of the economic and social mobility of womenon fertility in Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, to the importanceof householdand occupational roles for fertility behavior in Nigeria, Taiwan, Thailand, India, and Malaysia. Attention is also being given to the synthesis of existing knowlege and the dissemination and critique of research findings through workshops and publications.

RESEARCH JOHNA. BALLWEG,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, PROGRAM ON Blacksburg,for research on the status and role changeof Philippine womenduring THE pregnancy. INTERRELATIONS $24,700 BETWEEN STATUS OF CAROLINEH. BLEDSOE,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, to study WOMEN AND the relatmnshipof child fosterageto femalefertility in WestAfrica. FERTILITY $35,000 CENTRE FOR WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENTSTUDIES, New Delhi, India, for a workshopon mmun’swork and family strategies in South and SoutheastAsia (jointly sponsoredwith Special Interests and Explorationsfor a total of $30,000). $15,ooo BIH-ER CHOU,Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and GRETCHENT. CORNWELL,Pennsylvania State University, University Park, for mearch on the links betweenwomen’s work, status, and fertility in.the context 9r Chinesefamily structure. $31,462 JULIE DaVANZO,Santa Monica, California, and ELIZABETH KING, NewOrleans, Louisiana, to undertake a comparatwestudy 9#the soctal and economicmobility of womenand fertility in Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines(jointly sponsoredwith Special Interests andExplorations for a total of $68,411). $48,411 MAURAMARIA GUIMARAESDE ALMEIDA, Federal University of Bahia,Brazil, to study the role playedby femaleprofessionals in the fields qc nursing and family planning in Brazil. $7,500 DENNISP. HOGAN,University of Chicago, Illinois, for a study entitled "ChangingWomen’s Status and Fertility Over the Life Course:The Case qt" Thailand." $34,329 SHIREENJ. JEJEEBHOY,Family Plannm. g Association 9# India, Bombay, to undertake research on wonun’sstatus and fertdity in Tamil Nadu, India, from 1970 to 1980. $15,255 MICHAELA. KOENIGand GILLIAN H.C. FOO, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,for a study 9r patriarchy and high fertility in rural North India. $33,592

63 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CHRISTIANA OKOJIE, y Ni , research on statm and firtility in s~ c~mutnitks y BmddState, Nig~6a. $30,000 CONSTANTINASAFILIOS-ROTHSCHR.D, The P~Nlation Coxm’il, New York, NewYork, for a research pmlwtentitkd "EmpiricalTests y a Stratification Grounding¥ Women’sStatus and Its Rdatiomhipto Fertility." $33,000 UNIVERSITYOF THE ANDES,Bogota, Colombia, for an iHto,~aio~l workshopon the status and roles ~ womenin the third world, hdd in Bogotain August 1984. $1o,ooo

OTHER ASSOCIATION FOR VOLUNTARYSTERILIZATION, New York, New GRANTS York, towardthe costs qCpublishingan international factbook on steqlizat:on as a means~ birth control. $25,000 COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, New York, to assist its Center for Population and FamdyHealth to devdop a data managementand program evaluation system for U.S. agenciesthat provid¢repnd~ive health care. $150,000 GLOBAL COMMITTEE OF PARLIAMENTARIANS ON POPUI~- TION ANDDEVELOPMENT, New Yorkf New York, to hem a muting the steering committeefor the International ParlianuntaryAssembly. $25,000 INTERNATIONALSTATISTICAL INSTITUTE, The Hague, Naherlands, for use by the WorldFertility Surveyfor a symposiumto assess its mainfindings. $15,000 JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITY’, Baltimore, Maryland, lbr a projwt at the lntwnatio~, l Centre for Diarrhoea/Disras¢Research, D. haka, Ban&laduh,to creaUlongaudinal data files for the Malab¢kmographtc sun~illanu ~ysumfrom 1978-1982(jointly spomoredwith the H¢alth $ci~uwprogram for a totM ¥$49,915). $24,915 MAHIDOLUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand,for a study to inugrau q,alitativr andquantitativr analysesq~ frrtility ¢kcline in Thailand. 810,042 EDWARDK. MBURUGU,University yNairobi, Katya, to u~ mcarchon sociowonomicand contextual deurminantsqc firtility in btrru Distria, Kenya. $17,493 NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Wathin&ton, D.C., towdnk the costs Or holding a sympatiumand publishin&a report on kvdt and tnnds in firtility, mortality, and nuptiality in China, 1952-82. $I0,000 64 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation PLANNED PARENTHOODFEDERATION OF AMERICA, Nay York, New York, to hold a ~i~ on h~n #nility ~],~ton: ~~ and their t lic to . $27,ooo POPULATIONASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,Washington, D.C., toward the costs q[ holdingbriefings on demographictrends. $15,ooo POPULATIONCOUNCIL, New York, New York: Towardthe costs qf publicatson and dismbutionqr the proceedings~ a workshop on strategies for research on child survival. $12,314 For a study of the impact qc socioeconomicdevelopment on fertility in Koo~. $25,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATIO N, Neu: York, New York, for a workshop on population growth and labor absorption m the devdopmgworM: 1960-2000, held in Bdlagio, Italy. $35,000 JOSEPH,W. SSENNY.ONGA., University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Ke~. a, to compleuthe data analysts and write-up of hu researchfindings on the rdations betweensocial, economic,and populatton factors in the Kerio Valley, Kenya. $4,300 UNIVERSITYOF MICHIGAN,Ann Arbor, Michigan: Towardthe costs qC a mid-careorstudy awardfor a Thai scholar at its PopulattonStudies Center. $5,500 Fora study qCfertility decline in Thailand. $14,958

UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for use by the PopulationStudies Center towardthe costs of a programin African demography that emphastzesthe training 9#Africanstudents. $450,0O0 UNIVERSITYOF THEANDES, Bogota, Colombia, for a research projwt entitled# "The Existence 9r a Pattern 9C Latin AmericanMortality: An Analysis 9 the Colombianand VowzudanCases," at its Faculty 9c Economics. $28,00o

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ~S AND EXPLORATIONS o Foundation explorKio~, including commissions and grants to other or~kms, to examine Oplmmmities or rapport activities of importmtce not covered by existing Foundation prngtatm. o Supportof unusually significant activities, involving one or more Foundation programs and requiring substantial short-tram investment, that could not otherwise be undertaken becat~ of the constraints of the program guidelines.

GRANTS AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENTOF SCI- ENCE,Washington, D.C., toward the costs of special programsrelevant to the NewYork communityto be scheduled during the 150th National Meeting. $7,500 AMERICANCOUNCIL ON GERMANY,New York, New York, in support of the John J. McCloymemoirs. $25,000 ASIASOCIETY, New York. NewYork, toward the costs of its China Council and Asian Agendaprograms (jointly sponsoredwith the International Rdations programfor a total of $300,000). $150,000 BRYANT PARK RESTORATION CORPORATION, New York, New York, towardthe costs qCa restoration and constructionplan for BryantPark. $25,O00 CENTERFOR COMMUNICATION,New York, New York, seminar series exploringhow the mediacan stimulate public interest in global issues. $5,000 CENTERFOR DEVELOPMENTSTUDIES, Santiago, Chile, research and seminar programon the "EconomicOrder and Democracy." $27,200 COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, New York, studies on Soviet international behavior at the W. Averdl HarrimanInstitute for AdvancedStudy the Soviet Union(jointly sponsoredwith the International Relations programfor total of $987.500). $975,000 DANCETHEATER FOUNDATION, New York, New York, toward the costs 9# a one-yeardance training scholarshipfor a black SouthAfrican dancer. $4,500 FILM NEWSNOW FOUNDATION, New York, New York, toward the costs qCa film entitled "OvwseasChinese." $5,000 66 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation FUNDACIONPARA LA APLICACION y ENSENANZADE LAS CIENCIAS(FUNDAEC), Call, Colombia, toward the tm~ration qC uxth~. S z oo, ooo GEORGETOWNUNIVERSITY, Washiugton, D.C., in support 9cthe Dean and Vtrgiuia Rink lillou~hiP F’mid. S ZO,OOO FASSILKIROS, Addis AbahaUnivmity, Ethiopia, to write a book on rural du~opm~tin Africa that will feature Ethiopia as a majorcase study. $7,5oo MAHIDOLUNIVERSITY, Bangkok, Thailand, in support ~a study evaluatingthe ffogramsand administrationatits Salaya campus. $7,060 MICHAELMcMANUS, Stamford, Connecticut, research for newspaper columns aboutreligion in the Soviet Union. $2,000 NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Washington, D.C.: ContinuationqC a programqC long.term tndependent studies q: nationalissues in which science and technologyfigure prominently. $45 O, 000 Towardthe costs qCa study 9c the Institute q( Medicine. $20,000

NEWYORK HOSPITAL-CORNELL MEDICAL CENTER, Westchester Division, WhitePlains, NewYork, towardthe PoetryProflct for the MentallyIll. $7, oo OLSONAND JONI SEAGER, visiting scholars, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington,D.C., towarda proyect entitled "Womenin the World:An InternationalAtlas." $40,000 OVERSEASDEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, Washington, D.C., general support. $187,500 PRINCETONUNIVERSITY, Princeton, New Jersey, in support qcthe Bdknap Visitors program. $5,000 REGIONALPLAN ASS(~IATION, New York, New York, for work on an (fwtive plan for the redu~lopm~tq( 42nd Str~/~n~sSquare. $7,500 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York: Towardthe costs ~ meetingsq¢ the i~t advisorycommittee for the Bio~hnologyCareer ltllowships tn~rram. $1O, 000 Exchanoproj~ &~U.S. and Soviet women. $48,400

RUTGER$UNIVERSITY, New Brunswick, N~wflrsey, t~ the costs qc d documentaryfilm on womenstate l~idators (jointly spomordwith the Arts and Hmnanitiesprogram for a total q¢$100,000). $ 0,ooo

67 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation STATEUNIVERSITY OF NEWYORK, A/~ny, New York, toward the costs of a ~ c~missi~ o. t~ U~mity’s ~. $25,000 MARTHASTUART, New York, New York, m ~ and d/storm p,~ ~f i,~ in the USSR. $25,000 TOWNHALL FOUNDATION, New York, New York, toward the costs ~f its mtoration. $30,000 UNIVERSITIES FIELD STAFF INTERNATIONAL,Hanover, New Hampshire,toward the costs qf establishing and operating a South-NorthNews and FeatureSwvice. 875,000 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley and STANFORD UNIVER- SITY,.Stan.f~. d, California, !n supportqr t~ joint.t~o, gr.amon Soviet International Behavior(jointly sponsoredwith the IntovualonalRelations programfor a total ~c $987,500). $12,500 UNIVERSITYOF DENVER,Denv~, Colorado, for use by its Graduate School of lnternattonal Studies towardthe costs qCa conferenuon Africa’s development tnwpoas. $2,500 UNIVERSITYOF ZIMBABWE,Harare, Zimbabwe: Facultyde~lopment. $5 1,530 Study visits to EgertonAgricultural College, Kenya. $2,125 WASHINGTONCENTER, Washington, D.C., for a nationwide survey and study of intwnshippractices in the humanitiesat the postsecondarylevd. $7,500 WOMEN’S DIVISION OF THE GENERAL BOARD OF GLOBAL MINISTRIES OF THE UNITED METHODISTCHURCH, New York, NewYork, dissonination and intot~rctation activities provided by the NGOForum, 1985 World Confermc¢, UNDecade for Women. $50,000 WOMEN’SLEGAL DEFENSE FUND, Washington, D.C., for a propct to implonentstrategies to ~lualize child supportmpomibilities. $50,000 WOMEN’SRESEARCH AND EDUCATIONINSTITUTE, Washington, D.C., joint project on tax policy with the FamilyImpact Soninar. $7.500 YALEUNIVERSITY, New Haven, Connectiutt, for a sy~ium mtitlcd "The CurrmtState q( Dc~lopmmt Economic, r:Progr~s and l~rspocti~s. " $25,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation BLACK SOUTH Since 1982, following a recommendationin the Foundation-sponsored AFRICAN report South Africa: ~ Running Out, the RF has supported a program of LEADERSHIP modestgrants to assist youngblack South Africans whoare showing DEVELOPMENT leadership potential in a range of commumty-basedorganizations responsive to black aspirations. In 1984, the following grants were made: COUNCILOF UNIONSOF SOUTHAFRICA, Johannesktrg, South Africa, towardthe costs of its project for workingwomen. $32,000 GRASSROO’ISPUBLICATIONS, Cape Town, South Africa, in support of its mediatraining program. $13,000 INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONALEDUCATION, New York, New York, supportqf itS researchstudy on the outcomesof the SouthAfrican Education Program. $1o,ooo TRUST FOR CHRISTIAN OUTREACHAND EDUCATION, Piaer- maritzburg, South Africa: Appointmentqf training ~ficw. $32,000 AppointmentqC a doctor and nursing sister to the IthusongCommunity Health Centre. $27,000

FELLOWSHIPS The developmentprocess is muchmore complexand uncertain than was FOR THIRD foreseen 25 years ago: development-orientedorganizations have realized WORLD relatively few of the high hopes with which they began their et~rts to SCHOLARS TO improvethe quality of life in the poorer countries. Even where dramatic RESEARCH growth has been achieve, concomitant impacts on the social and political FUNDAMENTAL fabric were unexpectedand are still poorly understood.Through these DEVELOPMENT competitive fellowships, the Foundationcreates opportunities for scholars, ISSUES themselves from the third world, to put aside narrowly defined obligations in order reflect deeply and broadly on the consequencesand interrela- tionships of developmentefforts with whichthey are familiar.

GRANTS PETERANYANG’ NYONG’O, United Nations, New York, New York, to undertakea mearchprojwt untativdy entitled "State and Society in Kmyafrom lndcpmdcnuto the Pmcnt." $24,000 NANTAWANBOONPKASAT-LEWIS, Payap Colkge, Chiang lt/~i, Thailand, ntearch proj~ tmtatiwly mtitl~l "R~al Dcvdolmmt:Its Eff~ on Developingthe Quality of Wom~’sLiws in NorthwnThailand." $23,150 ARIEFBUDIMAN, Satya W~waMChristin Unitwsity, Salatigd, iaalowtkt, nuearch proj~ tmtativdy ¢ntitl~l "Tl~ indomyidn Economyin t& 1970s: T~ d New StrdUgy of Dwdopm~t." $24,000 69 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation PETER PALMEREKEH, Unitmity ~ l~lan, l~dan, Ni~, r~rch ut/ed "Color.lure andSocial ions in Africa." $24,000 LIMTECK GHEE, Center .for Policy Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, research project untativdy entitled "Nongovemm~talOrganiza- tions m the ASEANRegion, 1970-1982:Studies in Citizen Participation." $23,400 RAYNALDOC. ILETO, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippiues, mearchproject tentatively entitled "Towardsa Critique of Developmontalist Historiography: Refl~ions on S~ Voices in the Phil~Opine Past, 1860-1960." $22,266 YAALUCKAM, England, for a mearch project tentatively entitled "Migrant Workers’ HumanRights and Developmentin W~st Africa." $24,000 MAHMOODMAMDANI, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, to undertakea research project tentatively entitled "ThePeasant Questton in Uganda." $24,000 MAHARMANGAHAS, Development Academy of the Philippines, Metro Manila,Philippines, for a researchproject tentatively entitled "DistributiveJustice in the Philippines:Ideology, Policy, andSurveillance." $23,350 ASSEFAMEHRETU, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, researchproject tentatively entitled "Spaceand Developmentin Africa." $24,000 MABELMILIMO, Uniwrsity of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambm,research proIect tentatively entitled ’qg~mten,Development, and Population." $23,960 FELIXMNTHALI, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, to undertake a researchprolect tentatively entitled "Perceptionsof Change:A Critical Studyof the Concepts~ Developnuntin the Workof Creative Writers in Africa." $24,000 CHANDRAMUZAFFAR, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, a researchp~qect tentatively entitled "Islamic Resurgenceand SoutheastAsia." $24,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York, workshops for the Social Science FellowshipProgram on DevelopmentIssues. $90,000 SOMBOONSUKSAMRAN, The Social Science Association qc Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand, to undwtakea ~earch proj~ entitled "Buddhist Approaches to Dwdopm~t." $15,900 KANOKWONGTRANGAN, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,r~earch l~rojwt tentatively entitled "Developmentand its Bureaucratic Comtraints." $24,000

7O © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation RESEARCH In 1982, the Foundationestablished a ,meaz~ pmgzmnto develop the PROGRAM ON Imowledsemd analysis base necem~for assessiag the camsand effects of U.S. cuttmt immigration to the United States, including refugee migration, IMMIGRATION and to dismminamthese findings to the policy community.Since immigration and refugee issues ctms-cut the Foumtation~activities, all the programsjoined together in support of this effort. Social scientbts, policy analysts, and humanists have been invited to submit ~ for research that will clarify the public policy debate in the United States on immigration and refugee issues. During 1984, 13 grants were made for scholarly rmearchin this field:

GRANTS ROBERTL. BACH,State Universtiy of NewYork, Binghamton, NewYork, researchon priulu sponsorshipand the resettlementof SoutheastAsian refugees in the UnitedStates. $19,570 THOMASBAILEY, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork, for a study of labor-marketcompetition between immigrant and native born workersin U.S. industries:a synthesisof quantitativeand case-study approaches. $27,773 CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEENEAST AND WEST (East-West Center), Honolulu, Hawaii, hold a conferenceon Asianand Pacific Immigrationto the UnitedStates. $15,000 LAWRENCEH. FUCHS,.Brandeis Univer. sity,. Waltham,.Massachusetts, .for researchon the future of Amertcanpluralism: :mmtgratton, ethntcny, and public policy. $24,896 PETER KOEHNAND GIRMA NEGASH, University of Montana,

msgrattonMissou.la,toMontana,. the Unnedresearch States. on ¢kurminantfactors in post-revolutionexile $33,235 JOHANNALESSINGER, fillow of the Researchlmtituu for the Study 9r Man, NewYork, NewYork, for a study of entrrpreneurshipamong recent immigrants in NewYork City from India. $26,500 SARAHR. MASON,University 9r Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, towardthe costs of mearchon publicly and privately fund~tratmng programs for So, ttamt Asian refu&eeu,om~, $26,526 SUSANI. RANNEY,University 9r Washington, Seattk, Washington, and SHERRIEA. K~UDJI, Univrrsity qCNorth Carolina, Chapd Hill, North Carolina, fir a ru6,rch l~oj~ entitled "Makand Pwak,,T~OoraryLabor Migration:The Case0 ¢ MccicanMi~,ation to the United Stare. $28,543

$31,702 PETERI. ROSE,Sm/th Co//~, Nort~on, .M, xrs,~usats, for a stJ~ty on the a~ of ~iwilation, the ~h~ and i~t~cm of ~.~ rmulm~t poliO in the UnitedStaus. $30,000 UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA,San D. kgo, Cal!fomia, for nsearch on ~t attempts to regulau the use qf tMexxan labor m the U.S. a~ry. $32,372 XINY .ANG WANG,Naukai, China, and DAVID MONTGOMERY,Y~k University,New Haven, Conna, ticut, for a study qf the impactqf Chinesepolitics on Chineseimmigrants in NewYork, 1911-49. $20,500 RAYMONDB. WILLIAMS, Wabash College, Craufordsville, Indiana, mearchon the role of AsianIndian religious organizationsin the [orsation and preservation9r ethnic identity amongrecent immigrantsto the UnitedStates from India. $14,000

EXPLORING Throughthis initiative, a majorcontribution of the Foundation~Task LONG-TERM Force on Women~Programming, the Foundationseeks to contribute to IMPLICATIONS greater understandingof the profoundsocial and economicphenomena OF CHANGING associated with the rapidly changingstatus of women.Particular attention GENDER ROLES is givento: o Continuing trends in women~employment and family responsi- bilities; o Differences in the allocation of incomeand time betweenmen and womenwithin the householdand their implication for the social welfare of the family and, in particular, children; o The psychological dimemionsof gender roles and changingpatterns of socialization. Thefollowing actions were taken in 1984:

GRANTS BROOKINGSINSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., for a con~ on wonun andmm at work(jointly spomomtwith the EqualOpportunity ~ogra" m for a total of $0~,ooo). $15,000 BROWNUNIVERSITY, Pnwidmce, Rhode Island, for a multi’disciplinary dixmsionon the ass#mptiomshaping &ender r~rch in third-world countries (jointly sl~wsondwith the lntw~tionalRdatiom and Arts andHunmnities progranu/~ a tot, t qr $21,000). $7,000 72 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CENTRE FOR WOMEN’SDEVELOPMENT STUDIES, New Ddhi, India, tm~rd a ~i~ on tvon~ u~ ad/,mily str~ in $~tb sout~,ut Asi~ (jolly spo~omtwith the ~ims $ciom~program for ¥ #3o, ooo~. $15,ooo COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY, New York, ~MewYork, fir a study mtitled "Mother-OnlyFamilks and Social Polio," (jointly s~msomlwith the £qsud Opportunityprogram for a total ~ $68,227). $28,000 JULIE DAVANZO,Santa Mon#a, California, and ELIZABETHKING, NewOrkam, L~xisiana, to ~,bk them to ~ke a comparative study ff~ the

Philippines(jointly sponsored with the Population$cionces program for a total of $68,411). $20,000 HARVARDUNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Massachmats, for a st~y to examine the diff~ng moralorientations tn boysand girls andthe impact¢t this difference. $49,812 INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR NATIONAL AGRICULTRUAL RESEARCH,The Hague,Netherlands, toward the costs ~. soninars on women and agriculturaltechnology (jointly sponsoredwith the Agricultural$d~ces programfor a total of $65,000). $15,000 NATIONAL BUREAUOF ECONOMICRESEARCH, Cambridge, Massachusetts,toward the costs of a prolect eutitkd "Women~Quest for Equality." $100,000 ROCKEFELLERFOUNDATION, New York, New York, toward the publicat:oncosts 0# a programbrochure for the Programto ExploreLong-Term Implications of Chang:ngGender Roles. $4,000 UNITED NATIONS ASS(X;IATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,New York, NewYork, for use by its EconomicPolio Council toward the costs qr the FamilyPolicy Panel. $18,000 WELLESLEYCOLLEGE, Wdkdey, Massachusetts, for use by its Contw fir Rmarchon Women,toward a study on wommand str~s. $16,157

THE SOCIAL Thegovernments of these two countries, having established the provision SCIENCESIN of education,us st majornational goal, ate spendinga vet7 high lm~rtion KENYA AND of their b~ on education, yet little knowled~exists of the ittfluetme TANZANIA of education on personal well-being mdnational gods. The bad pml:ote of thil project, begunin 1977, is to workwith the Univetsitia ~" Ntimbi and Darel ~dssm, as well u the ministries of education, to build up a

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Cdl . $16,760 GRACEKAGONDU, Kenya Imtituu of Administration, Laver Kabete, Kenya,to enabkher to completeher graduatestudies at StanfordUniversity, California. $3,457 KENYATTAUNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Nairobi, Kenya, for use by its Bureau¥ EducationalResearch toward the costs ¥ the KenyaEducational Research Awardsprogram. $30,000 MINISTRYOF CULTUREAND SOCIAL SERVICES, Nairobi, Kenya, towardthe costs q( two seminarson youthdevelopment policy. $8,500 UNIVERSITYOF DARES SALAAM,Dares Salaam, Tanzania: For support~ the Ph.D.research q( two Tanzanianscholars. $14,650 Evaluationstudy of the Educationfor Sdf-Rdianceprogram. $10,000 Three-dayseminar entitled "EducationalResearch as a Vehicle in National Devdopment. " $1 O, 000 UNIVERSITYOF NAIROBI,Nairobi, Kenya, to enable a faculty memberof the Departmentof Sociologyto carry out researchon early childhoodeducatton in Kenya. $10,525

STRENGTHENING Since the 1930s, whenBeardsley Rumlattempted unsuccessfully to form a THE national association of foundations, the Rockefeller Foundationand PHILANTHROPIC Rockefellerfamily representativeshave playedleadership roles in encourag- SECTOR ing foundatiommandthe voluntary sector more genemllymtostrive for higher standardsof public respomibility. In consequence,the Foundationhas a special interest in strengthening whathas cometo be called the third sector, annually providingsupport to majororganizations that serve the sector andon occuionassisting activities designedto contribute to its effectiveness. TheFoundation Center is the only independent,not-for-profit organizationdedicated entirely to gathering, analyzing, and disseminating informationabout philanthropic foundations. The grant to the UrbanImtitute continues funding for Letter Salamon~ttmatrch on the effects of changing8overmenml policies on nonprofit orstaiamiom.The grant mYale University, to be used by its Programon Non-Pro~tOrganimtiom, imtitutionalizes high-quality academicttsea~h on the voluntary ae~or.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation In ~klirJon, the Found~is a membeeand special conr_4butor of the Council on Fou~lKiom, an msociKion ~ 950 private and corporate grit- makingorganizations that functions in part as a major spokesmanfor foundations. It also belongs to the Independent Sector, a national coalition of voluntary organizations, foundatiom, and corporations; the NewYork Regional Association of Grantmakers, a forum for exchange of information among100 private, corporate, and communitygrant-making organizations in the region; and the National Charities Information Bureau, whose purposeis to maintain sound standards in the field of philanthropy and to provide advisory reports on not-for-profit organizations to its contributors and the general public. Since 1982, the Foundationhas also madegrants to Womenand Foundatiom/CorporatePhilanthropy, a national association that encouragesphilanthropic organizations to address the specific and under-recognizedissues of importanceto womenand girls.

GRANTS ADVERTISINGCOUNCIL, New York, New York, toward the production and distribution cost of the Council’s "MagicLantern" projectman audio-visual presentationon public service annoucements. $5,000 FOUNDATIONCENTER, New York, New York, towardits relocation expensesand generalsupport. $85,000 NONPROFIT COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK, New York, NewYork, to assist nonpr96torganizations in carrying out their charitable andeducational missions for the public benefit. $7,500 RANDCORPORATION, Santa Monica, California. for prrglucing and distributing a layperson’sguick to understandingdirect andindirect costs. $5,000 URBANINSTITUTE, Washinton, D.C., research on effects of changing governmentalpolMes on nonprefit organizations. $100,000 WOMEN AND FOUNDATIONS/CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY, Neu’ Yrtrk, Neu’York, support for 1984program activities. $25,000 YALEUNIVERSITY, New Heaven, Connecticut, for use by m Program on Non- Profit Organizationswward support of its ManagementStudies prolea. $120,000

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation I’ BmaG O The Belhgio Study and Ctmfem~Center i, m himmcestate m the STUDY AND ImlimAlps locattd l~_sh on the pmmontmyflint divides lalce Cm~and CONFERENCE the tomnof Bellagio. Bequeathedto the Foundationin 1959, the CENTER Center, also imownas the ~rdla ~, is administeredfiom the Ftmmtation~New York offace by a committee;Nan S. l~bimonus the chairmanin 1984. Thecenter has beenthe venuefor a gnmvmiety of stimulatingmettings for scholars from all over the world who meet in small gtmtps to emmine issues of intematiotml impormm~.Bell~io confettmces have been the modest beginnings of woHdwideCoolaerative undermldngsin agricultural research, lmpulation stabilization efforts, and the developmentand strengthening of universities and training institutes in the developing world. Conferencesheld at the Center are generally related to the Foundation~own programs. In 1984, the following 32 meetings were convened: INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT TO REVIEW PROGRESS IN MEET- ING OBJECTIVES OF THE 1974 WORLDFOOD CONFERENCE ANDPRIORITY TASKSAHEADmMaurice J. Williams, executive director, World Food Council, United Natiom, Rome,Italy. RED BLOOD CELL CARRIERS: A METHODFOR DISSEMINATING CHEMICALS VIA THE CIRCULATORYSYSTEM--John R. De--h, research leader, Scabies and MangeMite Research Unit, U.S. Livestock Insects Laboratory, Kerrville, Texas, and Ulrich Sprandel, University of MunichSchool of Medicine, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. INTRA-HOUSEHOLD PROCESSES AND FARMING SYSTEMS ANALYSIS--JoyceL. Moo&,assistant director for agricultural sciences and programofficer, Office of the Vice-President, Rockefeller Foundation, and Katharine McKee,program officer, Ford Foundation, NewYork, New York. PROTECTIONOF THE WORLD’SCHILDREN--Kenneth S. Warren, director for health sciences, Rockefeller Foundation. CURRENT AND FUTURE PROBLEMS OF DATA PROTECTION: NINETEENEIGHTY-FOUR AND AFTER--David H. Flaherty, pro. fessor of history and law, University of WesternOntario, London,Ontario, C.at~a. EUROPE IN A CHANGINGWORLD---Ezra Talmor, p~r of philosophy, Hails University, and SaschaTalmor, associate editor, Histo~d of E~n lddaa, both of Haifa, Israel. THE TRANSFORMATIONOF EUROPEANSOCIETY--Konmd H. Jarausch, Lurcy professor of history, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

76 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INCOME TRANSFER POLICJES AND THE ECONOMIC WELL- BEINGOF THE POOR---Eugene Smolensky, professor of economics, and Sheldon Danziger, professor of social work and director, both of the Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. CAPITALISM AND SLAVERY IN THE BRITISH WEST INDIES: THE CONTRIBUTIONOF ERIC WIHJAMS---Barbara L. Solow, associate professor of economics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, and Stanley L. Engerman, professor of economics and history, University of Rochester, Rochester, NewYork. AMERICAN HISTORY: THE VIEW FROM ABROAD--Stanley I. Kutler, E. Gordon Fox professor of American institutiom, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, and Stanley N. Katz, Class of 1921 Bicentennial professor of history of American law and liberty, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NewJersey. TAXATION OF CONTROLLED FOREIGN CORPORATIONS---Brian J. Arnold, professor of law, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. SOCIETAL AGING IN THE UNITED STATES AND WESTERN EUROPEmAIanPifer, president emeritus and senior consultant, and D. Lydia Bmnt/Lconsultant and staff director, both of the Aging Society Project, Carnegie Corporation, NewYork, NewYork. POPULATION GROWTH AND LABOR ABSORPTION IN THE DEVELOPINGWORLD: 1960-2000--W. Parker Mauldin, senior scientist in population sciences, Rockefeller Foundation, and Paul Demeny, director, Center for Policy Studies, Population Council, NewYork, New York. POHTICO-MILITARY RELATIONS: WHO MAKES SECURITY POHCY?---WilIiamH. Kincade, executive director, Arms Control Association, Washington, D.C., and Robert O’Neill, director, Interna- tional Institute for Strategic Studies, London, England. COMPARATIVESTUDIES OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION---Richard L. Abel, professor of law, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Philip S. C. Lewis, senior research fellow, All Souls College, Oxford England; and Terence Halliday, AmericanBar Foundation, Chicago, Illinois. THE ACADEMIC PROFESSION: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPEC- TIVE--Burton R. Clark, Allan M. Cartter, professor of higher education and sociology and chairman, Comparative Higher Education Research Group, University of California, Los Angeles, California. THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STEEL INDUSTRY--- Charles O. Verrill, chairman of the bomt, International Lawlmtitute, Georgetown University, and partner, Patton, Boggs & Blow, Washington, D.C.

77 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL EDUCATION IN HUMAN REPRO- DUCTION--MahmoudE Fathalla, professor and dean, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, and chairman, Committee on Socio-Medical Aspects of HumanReproduction, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Assuit, Egypt, and Ulf Soren M. Borell, professor and former chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRENDS AND CYCA.ES IN CHINESE ECONOMICHISTORY, 980-1980--Robert M. Hartwell, professor of history, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Robert E Dernberger, professor of economics; and Albert Feuerwerker, professor of history, both of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. FOLKLORE AND THE STATE: CONTEMPORARY EASTERN EUROPE--YvonneR. Lockwood, Michigan folklife specialist, the Museum,Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, and Gail Kligman, assistant professor of anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. THE HEALING ROLE OF THE ARTS: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVEuMichaelJon Spencer, executive director, Hospital Audiences, Inc., NewYork, NewYork, and Geoffrey Lord, secretary and treasurer, Carnegie United KingdomTrust, Dunfermline Fife, Scotland. THEATRERESEARCH DATAulrving M. Brown, executive director, Theatre Research Data Center, and Benito Ortolani, professor and chairman, Theatre Department, both of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NewYork. PROBLEM OF LINKING IN COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER OF CURRENCIES AND REAL PRODUCTmAIan Heston, chief, International Price Statistics Section, Statistical Office, United Nations, New York, New York. EXPERIMENTING WITH SCALE: CHANGES IN THE UNITS OF PRODUCTION, CULTURE, AND GOVERNANCE IN WESTERN EUROPE---Philippe C. Schmitter, European University Institute, Flo- rence, Italy, and professor of political science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. THE WORLD BANK AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA--DunstanM. Wai, senior public affairs specialist, and Frank Vogl, acting vice-president, External Relations, both of the World Bank, Washington, D.C. THE ANTI-PROGESTATIONAL COMPOUND, RU 38486--Sheldon j. Segal, director for population sciences, Rockefeller Foundation, and Etienne Baulieu, faculty of medicine, University of South Paris and Hopital de Bic&re, Paris, France. NUTRIENTS,MEDICINES, AND AGING--Stuart C. Hartz, director, Epidemiology, Biometry, and Scientific Computing, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, and HumanNutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Medford,Massachusetts.

78 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD--John Stremlau, acting director for international relations, Rockefeller Foundation. NUCLEAR WAR: CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTIONmThomas E Malone, International Council of Scientific Unions Liaison to the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, West Hartford, Connecticut, and Landrum Boiling, Inter-Faith Academyof Peace, Washington, D.C. CHANGING ROLES OF WOMEN AND MEN IN MODERN AGRICULTUREmIreneTinker, Equity Policy Center, Washington, D.C. IN WOMEN’S INTEREST: CONTROVERSIES AND COMMON- ALITIES IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CAREmLibby Antarsh, director, National Programs, Association for Voluntary Sterilization, New York, NewYork; Sallie Craig Huber, director of special projects, Population Crisis Committee, Washington, D.C.; and Peggy Curlin, vice- president and program director, and Kaval Gulhati, president, both of the Centre for Development and Population Activities, Washington, D.C. WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS AND CHANGES IN PUBLIC POLICY --Arvonne S. Fraser, senior fellow and project director, Women,Public Policy and Development Project, Hubert H. HumphreyInstitute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

RESIDENCIES In addition to conferences, the Foundationoffers competitive, four-week residencies to scholars, writers, composers,and artists engagedin major projects. As in previous years, modestfunds were madeavailable to assist selected applicants, principally from developing countries, in meeting travel costs to undertakeresidencies. During1984, the Center was able to accommodatethe following 91 men and womenfrom 14 countries. ALANALEXANDER, lecturer in politics, University of Reading, Reading, England--Local Governmentand Politics: A Study of Reading 1835-1985. THOMASJ. ANDERSON,Austin Fletcher Professor of Music, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts--a musical composition entitled "ThomasJeffersong Orbiting Minstrals and Contraband." ROBERTAJ. APFEL,assistant professor of psychiatry, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts--~ Do No Harm: DESand the Dilemmasof ModernMedicine. DAVIDE BARASH,professor of psychology and zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington---Ove~omingthe Neanderthal Mentality: Evolution, HumanNature and Nuclear War (joint project with Judith Eve Lipton). JAMESBARR, regius professor of Hebrew,Oriental Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, England--"The Recognition of a Holy Scripture as a Formative Force in Social World-Views." 79 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation WARRENC. BAUM,vine-president, World Bank, Washington, D.C.--- a history of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. JANETI. BEATON,associate professor of nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada--Life-Death Decisiom in Health Care (joint project with Lesley E Degner). ERNSTBEHLER, professor and chairman, Delmrtment of Comparative Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington--’Friedrich Nietzscheg Impact on Contemporary Critical and Social Theory: A Critical Examination." BENBELITT, professor of English, Bennington College, Bennington, Vermontmpoetry, translation, and the Italian language. PAULBERLINER, associate professor of ethnomusicology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinoismthe creative processes in jazz improvisation. EDGARDOBOENINGER, Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile--"Political and Social Compromise: A Necessary Requirement and Challenge for the Consolidation of Democracy"(an analysis based on the Chilean case). DEREKBOK, president, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts--Education in the ContemporaryUniversity. SISSELABOK, lecturer, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts-- the psychological and political obstacles of arms negotiations and international cooperation. RONALDCALTABIANO, chairman, Composition Forum, Teaching Fellowship, Juilliard School, NewYork, NewYork-- " Poplars" and "Duo for Piano Trio." ABRAMCHAYES, Felix Frankfurter professor of law, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts--alternative legal conceptions of arms control agreements (joint project with Antonia Chayes). ANTONIACHAYES, partner, Csaplar & Bok, Boston, Massachusetts-- alternative legal conceptions of arms control agreements (joint project with Abram Chayes). MASUDULALAM CHOUDHURY, visiting professor of social economics, OntarioInstitute for Studies in Education,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada--Contributionsto Islamic EconomicTheory: A Study in Social Economics. BILIANACICIN-SAIN, associate professor of political science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California---Toward a U,S. OceanManagement Regime: The Evolution ~ MarineResources Managementin the Seventks and Eighties (joint project with Robert W. Knecht). R.O. CLARKE,principal administrator, Social Affairs and Industrial Relations Division, Organization for EconomicCooperation and Develop- ment, Paris, France--the interrelationship of collective bargaining and government economic policies in advanced market-economy countries.

80 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation WILLIAMCLIFFORD, executive director, Asian and Pacific ~e of Correctional Administrators, Mawson,AustraliamDeu/0prmud Cr/m/no/ogl,. ANNJENNALIE COOK, associate professor of English, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseemCourtshipin Shakespeare and His Society. H.M. DALESKI,professor of English, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, IsmelmUnities: Studies in the English Novel. LESLEYE DEGNER,associate professor of nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada--Lifb-Death Decisions in Health Care (joint project with Janet I. Beaton). RUTHB. DIXON,professor of sociology, University of California, Davis, California--"The Role of Womenin Agricukural Production in Third World Countries." RONNIEDUGGER, New York, New York--second volume of a biography of Lyndon Johnson. DAPHNEC. ELLIOTT,senior demonstrator, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia---Data for BiochemicalResearch (joint project with W.H.Elliott). W.H. ELLIOTT,professor of biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia--Data for Biochemical Research (joint project with DaphneC. Elliott). THOMASFARBER, Berkeley, California--nonfiction stories about the writer~ vocation. JOHNO. FIELD,associate professor of nutrition, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts~policy and program implementation in relation to concerns of primary health care and nutrition planning. HERBERTFRIEDMAN, chairman, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Resources, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.--"The Science of Global Change: An Overview." CLARKGARDNER, New York, New York--hand-colored photographs: variations on Italian themes. ARTUROGOMEZ-POMPA, former director general, National Institute for the Study of Biological Resources of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico--- Refl, ctlons on the Biotic Resourcesof Mexico. LEONARDGORDON, professor and chairman, Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona--"Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes of American College Students Over a Half Century." LT. GEN.. IHSANGU.RKAN.(RET.), lecturer in international relations and Turktsh foreign pohcy, Untverslty of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey--"The Geopolitics of Energy and RawMaterials and the Security of the Gulf." R. GAURTHHANSEN, provost and distinguished professor of nutrition and food sciences and biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah-- "Nutrient Quality of Food."

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation PETERHARDI, ~ of ecmxmfics, MKKEUniversity of Economics, Budapest, Hungary--therelation of pluralism and communism;also, Americantheories andpractice of pluralism. CURTISHARNACK, executive director, Corporation of Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, New York--a novel, Heartw0rm. LOIS WLADISHOFFMAN, professor of psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan---how the psychological satisfactions that children provide affect childrearing patterns; also, the roles of genetics and environment in intellectual and personality development. PAULHOLLANDER, professor of sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts--domestic and foreign critiques of American society. IRVINGHOWE, distinguished professor of English, City University of NewYork, NewYork--The Failure of the American Left. IRVINGL. JANIS, professor of psychology, Yale University, NewHaven, Connecticut---the psychological sources of miscalculations, mispercep- tions, and other errors in decision making by national leaders during periods of high international tension. BRYANTKEARL, vice-chancellor for academic affairs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin--"Human Capital Development in the Social Sciences: Insights Fromthe Experience in Asia" (joint project with Abraham M. Weisblat). BRUCEA. KING, Albert Jonston professor of literature, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama---the emergence of postindependence English-language poetry in India, especially since 1960. JAMESB. KITZMILLER,Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida--A Lexicon of Culicine Nanm. ROBERTW. KNECHT,visiting professor of political science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California---Toward a U.S. Ocean Management Regime:The Evolution of MarineResources Management in the Set~nties and Eighties (joint project with Biliana Cicin-Sain). JOAND. KOSS,associate professor of psychiatry and anthropology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico--- WomenAs Healers, WomenAs Patients. ARNOLDKRAMISH, Reston, Virginia--The Griffin: Paul Rosbaud and the Secret 9r Hiroshima. GAlL KRIEGEL,instructor of writing, Department of English, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NewYork--a dramatic play entitled DanklJ, nkim. WENDYLESSER, editor and publisher, The Thr~penny Revie~v, Berkeley, California--the underground as a powerful force in modemWestern thought and society.

82 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation JUDITHEVE LIPTON, psychiatrist in private practice, Seattle, Washington--Overcomingthe Neanderthal Mentality: Evolution, Human Nature and Nuclear War(joint project with David P. Barash). DAVIDLODGE, professor of modernEnglish literature, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England---A New History of English Fiction. JOHNO. McCORMICK,professor of comparative literature, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey--a biography of George Santayana. WILLIAMLEE MILLER, chairman, Department of Rhetoric and CommunicationStudies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Vir- ginia-religion and the American republic. HILDA MORLEY(WOLPE), New York, New York--three long poems. A. DAVIDNAPIER, visiting assistant professor of art, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont---Ma/ks. Transformation, and Paradox. RODERICKNASH, professor of history and environmental studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California--whether environmen- talism can be understood as an extension of traditional Americanconcerns for natural rights and the liberties of oppressed groups. JOHNLEONARD NICHOLSON, senior fellow, Policy Studies Institute, London,England-,Inequalities in the Incomes and Needs of Families. WILLIAML. NYHAN,professor and chairman, Department of Pedi- atrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California--Abnormalities of AminoAcid Metabolismin Clinical Medicine and DiagnosticRecognition of GeneticDisease. PETERR. ODELL,director, Centre for International Energy Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands--the political economy of international energy; also, the eighth edition of Oil and WorldPou,er. JERZYPELC, head, Department of Logical Semiotics, WarsawUniversity, Warsaw, Polandmthe elements of theoretical semiotics. GEORGEPERLE, professor of music, Queens College, City University of New York, New York--Dorian Wind Quintet. ROLANDPERUSSE, professor of political science and director, Inter- American Institute of Puerto Rico, University of Puerto Rico, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico--U.S.-Puerto Rican Relations: Options and Prospects. MAURICEPLASKOW, Design Education Unit, Royal College of Art, London, England---The Design Dimension in the Curriculum. DOUGLASH. POWELL,clinical psychologist, Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, Massachusetts--Unckrstanding T~nlagers. DAVIDRAY, Editor, New Ixturs, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri--translation ofgathas from Germaninto English; also, 70 new poemsfor Eating the Iron and The Maharani’s NewWall.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation SUZANNE RAZAFINIRINA ~RALANDY, head, Division for Africa and Asia, Ministry of Fo~gn AfFairs, Madagascarm’TheIndian Ocean,Zone of Peace." FUADRIFKA, professor of" philosophy and cultural studies, Beirut University College, Beirut, Lebanonwtranslation of contemporary Amer- ican poetry into Arabic. AMELIERORTY, professor of philosophy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NewJersey--From Passions to Emotions and Sentiments: Descartm, Spinoza, Hunu and Rousseau. GEORGEROSEN, professor of economics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois---lndustr/a/Policy and Changein India, 1960-1980. ALANA. RUBIN, president, Partners of the Americas, Washington, D.C.--a future plan for Partners of the Americas. JOHAN SARAVANAMUTTUBIN ABD~, lecturer, Political Science Program, University of Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia--ASEAN: The Limits of DependentRegionalism. TOBIAS SCHNEEBAUM,New York, New York--Asmat Images: From the Collection ¥ the AsmatMuseum of Culture and Progress. STEPHENSCHULTZ, associate professor of a~rt, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa---drawings and two large paintings. RUTHSCHWARTZ, professor of nutritional sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork--stable (nonradioactive) isotopes in nutritional and biomedical research. DANIELB. SHEA,professor of English, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri--The American Metamorphosis. FADLOUSHEHADI, professor of philosophy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NewJerseymAesthetic Theories of Music in Islamic Philosophy. BENNETTSIMON, clinical associate professor of psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MassachusettsmPsychoanalysts and Tragedy: An Essay on Literary and PsychoanalyticInterpretation. EILEEN SIMPSON, New York, New York--autobiographical and psychological themes. WILFREDCANTWELL SMITH, chairman, The Study of Religion, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts--Scripture as Form and Concept:A Comparativeand Historical Investigation. ELIZABETHSPENCER, adjunct professor of creative writing, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada--short stories. CHEYWAR. SPINDEL,senior researcher, Institute of Economic Studies, and assistant professor of economics, Catholic University, S~ Paulo, Brazil--migrant minors and their occupational integration. ROSEMARYSTEVENS, professor of history and sociology of science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania--the development of the Americanhospital system in the 20th century. e4 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation GONULTANKUT, chairman, Department of City and Regional Planning, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeymUrban Growthand Administrattve BureaucraticRespome. C. MARYTURNBULL, professor of history, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong---the transition from Empire to Commonwealth,with emphasis on Southeast Asia in the immediate postwar decade. SYLVIAVATUK, professor of anthropology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois--change in Muslimfamily life, marriage, kinship, and the roles of womenover the past 180 years. SIDNEYVERBA, Carl H. Pforzheimer university professor, Harvard University, Cambridge,Massachusetts--a comparative study of elite ideologies in relation to equality. ABRAHAMM. WEISBLAT,visiting professor of agricultural economics and marketing, Cook College, Rutgers University, NewBrunswick, New Jersey---"HumanCapital Devdopmeutin the Social Sciences: lmights Fromthe Experiencein Asia" (joint prolea with BryantKearl). HARRYH. WELLINGTON,dean and Sterling professor of law, Yale University LawSchool, NewHaven, Connecticut---groups, politics, and the First Amendment. GINAS. WERFEL,assistant professor of art, Colby College, Waterville, Maine---paintings based on the Italian landscape and the study of Italian Art. ROBERTWILLIAMSON, professor of sociology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania--Maintenanceand Shift in Minority Languages:A SociolinguisticStudy. ALEXANDERJOHN YOUNGSON,chairman, Royal Fine Art Commis- sion, Edinburgh,Scotland---The Art and Practice 9r Cities.

The 1984 Annual Report of the Bellagio Study and Conference Center can be tuque*ted by writing to the Maaager’Conference Office, Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenueof the Americas, NewYork, NewYork 10036.

ROCKEFELLER The Rockefeller Archive Center, a division of the Rockefeller University, ARCHIVE serves as a permanenttepmitory and research center for the archival CENTER material of the Ik)ckefeller University, the l~ckefeller Foundationthe Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Rockefeller family, and individuals’ and org~mizatiomassociated with their activities. Since it openedin August1975, a mudof 3,512 scholarvisits havebeen madeto the Center.The authors of 73 article, and40 bookshave achnowledgedme of the recordsat the Centerin their writing. In 1984, 125 scholars made646 visits to do research. Thetopics investillamd includedthe historyat" science, highereducation for women,the racial sciences, public health, nursing,asricultund development, philantJaupy,

85 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation polmlazion control, psychiatry, and biographies of pmminemscientists and ¢dm:ators. Pa~sean:hgrants weremade to assist 25 scholars. In May1984, the C.enmrsponsored a confemaceon tt~mrch and education in 20th-century China, which was attended by 23 educators and specialists.

GRANT ROCKEFELLERUNIVERSITY, New York, New York, toward the operating costs of the Rocke~llerArchive Center. $382,865

Grants made to individuals, either directly or through selected organizations, are an important means of achieving the Foundations goals. Such fellowships are made either for the purpose of advanced training, or to enable the individual to produce a piece of work.

Individual awards funded in 1984 directly by the Foundations programs and through Special Interests and Explorations are listed in the specific sections of this report. Details may be obtained by writing to the directors. In addition, the Foundation continued to award in 1984 a number of Social Science Research Fellowships and continued its General Fellowships.

SOCIAL SCIENCE This competitive program provides opportunities for young North RESEARCH American social scientists to conduct research at foreign institutions in FELLOWSHIPS agriculture or population studies. Five fellows were appointed in 1984.

KAREN A. DVORAK—an agricultural economist conducting research on component fertilizer practices in the scmi-and tropics lor the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), while located at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (1CR- ISAT), Hyderabad, India.

DAVID J. GROF.NFFLDT—an anthropologist assisting the inrcrn;tnonnl Irrigation Management Institute (IIM1), Colombo, Sri Lanka, in developing its research program

SCOTT F. Gl'GGF.NHF1M —an anthropologist conducting research on input use in Andean farming systems for the International Fertiliser Development Center (IFDC), while located at the International Outer of Tropical Agriculture (C1AT), Palmira, Colombia.

STEVEN A. ROMANOFF—an anthropologist conducting research to evaluate farmer organizational forms and appropriate institutional config- urations in the development of integrated cassava proJuaion-Jrymg- imrketing projects in Colombia, while located at the Intermitional Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia.

STEPHEN A. VOSTI—an economist conducting R-.search on determinants of'mortality and fertility in Brazil, while located at the Outer for Regional Planning and Development (CEDEPLAR), Federal University of Mi Has Gerais, Belo Hori/onte, Hra/.il.

GENERAL The Rockefeller Foundation has hud a general fellowship program for more FELLOWSHIPS than 70 years. The functions of these fellowships have been to select from all over the world men and women of outstanding promise in fields of intetx'st to the Foundation, and to help prepare them to make significant contributions to research and teaching or public service. More than L?,000 individuals have held such fellowships.

87 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation During 1984 a total of 125 persons held general fellowships. Of this total, 109 that began in previous years were continued in 1984; 16 new awards became active during the years. Their distribution is as follows:

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (Previous awards continued into 1984: 42. New awards: 3)

CHINA WANG SHAO-KE—Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1982. Plant physiology. Appointed from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing. Place of study: U.S.A.

ZHAO ZHIFAN—Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1982. Plant Physiology. Appointed from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing. Place of study: U.S.A.

KFNYA K1MANANI, EBBY KALAHI—University of Nairobi, 1984. Mathe- matical statistics. Appointed from the University of Nairobi. Place of study: U.S.A.

POPULATION SCIENCES (Previous awards continued into 1984: 33. New awards: 13)

ARGENTINA RQLDAN SCHUTH, EDUARDO—University of Buenos Aires, 198-1 Reproductive biology. Appointed from the National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires. Place of study: U.S.A.

BRAZIL ARAGON VACA, LUIS • Michigan State University, 1978. Demography. Appointed from the Irdi-ral University of Pant, Belem, Bni/il. Place of study: U.S.A.

UillJ' KKYES. JUAN GlHLLl:RMO-.-ll,irv,ml University, IWi. Ki-pnul bioKi!4\ ApjHiinu-J iiom 1 Liivaul Muk.il School, l-'lacv oi 5iud\. II..S.A.

LIU YI-XUN—Academia Sinica, 1967. Reproductive biology. Appointed from Academia Sinica, Beijing. Place of study: U.S.A.

INDIA AGARWAL, ASHOK—Banaras Hindu University, 1983. Reproductive biology. Appointed from Banaras Hindu University, India. Place of study: U.S.A.

JAPAN UENO HIROSHI—Iowa State University, 1982. Reprodutive biology. Appointed from The Rockefeller University. Place of study: U.S.A.

KORFA LEE SUN-HEE—University of Hawaii, 1983. Demography. Appointed from the East-West Population Institute, Honolulu. Place of study: U.S.A.

THAILAND PRAPAPORN TOOWICHARANONT— Mahidol University, 1982. Reproductive biology. Appointed from Prince of Songkia University, Thailand. Place of study: U.S.A.

SOMSAK SUTHUTVQRAVUT—Mahidol University, 1976. Family planning evaluation and epidemiology. Appointed from Mahidol Univer- sity, Bangkok. Place of study: U.S.A.

YONGYOUT KACHONPADUNKITTI—Mahidol University. 198x Demography. Appointed from Mnhidol University, Bangkok. Plate of study: U.S.A.

U'SA- SHERWOOD, STEVEN WILLIAM —University of California, Berkeley 1983. Reproductive biology. Appointed from the University of'Michigan. Place of study: LI.S.A.

STACK, GARY EDWARD—The Johns Hopkins University, 198 I. Reproductive biology. Appointed from The Johns Hopkins University. Place of study: Frame

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The market value of the Foundation's investments declined 1.1% during 1984, from $1107 million to $1095 million. Weak stock prices during the first half of the year drove market values down to slightly under $1000 million, but the sharp August rally recaptured most of the losses.

The graph below places year-end 1984 asset values into ten year historical perspective. While assets have grown at a 6% annual rate over the ten year period in nominal dollars, growth of assets adjusted for inflation has been slightly negative.

$ Millions ASSET GROWTH 1100

Nominal Adjusted for Inflation

I 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

As the table below indicates, the Foundation began to diversify into foreign securities and real estate during 1984. Further commitments to these two asset categories is expected in 1985 as well as a small commitment to venture capital partnerships.

Asset Mix 12/WS1 $ Millions Pmcnt $ Millions Permit Equities $ 721 65.1% $ 689 62.9% Bonds 172 15.5 187 17.1 Cash 215 19.4 162 14.8 Foreign Securities — — 43 3.9 Real Estate — — M 1.3 $1,107 100fY- Sl.OOS

Cumulative returns for the past ten years are shown in the graph below. The average compound rate of return for this period was +12.3%. The lower line on the graph compares returns against a benchmark of inflation + 5%. The inflation +5% benchmark represents the minimum return that would permit the Foundation to make the minimum payout under current law and still maintain the value of remaining assets in real dollar terms. As the graph indicates, returns have slightly exceeded the inflation + 5% benchmark over this ten year period.

Index INVESTMENT RETURNS 1974 = 100 400

Nominal Adjusted for Inflation +5% I 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

INVESTMENT The Foundation had seven equity managers at the end of 1984: Alliance MANAGERS Capital; Batterymarch Financial; Campbell Advisors; Chase Special Equity; State Street Research; Warburg, Pincus Counsellors; and Wells Fargo. Bonds are managed by two firms: Oppenheimer Capital and Rosenberg Capital. Two firms were retained during 1984 to manage foreign securities: Compagnie de Banque et d'Jnvestissements (Geneva) and Morgan Grentell (London). A portion of cash reserves is managed internally. Citibank is custodian for domestic assets. Chase Manhattan Bank (London) is custodian for foreign securities.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation SPENDING Spending in 1984 totalled $48.8 million, up 3.6% over the $47.1 million spent in 1983- The graph below places 1984 spending into ten-year historical perspective. Spending in nominal dollars has been relatively flat, hovering around the $50 million level. In real terms, however, spending has been cut roughly in half since 1974.

$ Millions SPENDING 55 r~

10 Nominal 5 Adjusted for Inflation I I I -?6 -^ ^8 ^9 HO 81 82 83 84 SPENDING BY PROGRAM Spending by program for the- three years 19B2-1984 is shown in the table below. /•.v/J/;\/>/71 'KCS GRANTS AND /wj ivm PROGRAMS S .I!// Hi,,,,/ .< Mil Mr,,;;/ S AI/7 Pen cut Agricultural Sciences S 7.9 17.(K# S 6.3 I3.W S 4.8 Arts and Humanities 5.7 12.3 5.5 11.7 5.6 11.4 Health Sciences 4.} 9.2 4.2 9-0 4.4 9.0 International Relations 3.0 6.4 2.9 6.1 4.6 9.3 Population Sciences 5.1 10.9 5.1 10.8 4.9 10.0 Equal Opportunity 5.} 11.5 5.9 12.5 7.0 14.3 Education for Development •'<.() 8.5 3.3 7.0 1.5 3-0 Special Interests and Explorations 1.8 3.8 2.0 -i.3 .3.5 7.3 Incerprogram .__K5 ^3 1.5 3.2 _L5 _3J TOTAL GRANTS PROGRAMS S8.6 82.9 36.8 78.1

General Administration 5.8 12.4 5.7 12.2

Capitalltems — --- 1.6 3-3

Federal Excise Taxes Paid 2.2 j/7 .%0 (O

TOTAL Si().6 100'V Sf7.l lOO'V

* Figures rounded.

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION 1983-84 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The financial statements for 1983 and 1984 are presented on the following pages. The opinion of Arthur Young & Company, certified public accountants, is presented below.

A MEMBER OF ARTHUR YOUNG INTERNATIONAL

277 Pa'!> Avenje New York Ne* Yow 10172 Teiepnone Telex TRT 1777Q4

The Board of Trustees The Rockefeller Foundation

We have examined the accompanying statement of assets, obligations and principal fund of The Rockefeller Foundation at December 31, 1984 and 1983 and the related statements of operations and changes in principal fund and changes in financial position for the years then ended. Our examinations were made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and, accordingly, included such tests of the accounting records and such other aoditinn procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.

In our opinion, the statements mentioned above present fairly the financial position of The Rockefeller Foundation at December 31, 1984 and 1983, and the results of operations, changes in principal fund and changes in financial position for the years then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting princioles apolied on a consistent basis during the period.

February 22, 19BS

Investments (Note 6) §1,096,680,726 SI, 104,906,025

Cash 512,697 157,003

Accounts receivable (primarily security sales) 1,325,249 5,114,106

Dividends and interest receivable 7,479,180 7,306,632

Property—at depreciated cost 3.337.341 1.879.932

Total assets $1.109.335^3 SI. 119.363.693

OBLIGATIONS AND PRINCIPAL FUND

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (primarily security purchases) $ 5,028,450 $ 2,601,553

Federal excise tax payable (Note 2) 2,285,663 3,443,427

Deferred fedct.il excise tax (Note 2) 1,765,063 3,358,397

Appropriations bv the Trustees, announced and released for specific purposes but not yet paid (Note 4) 27,785,843 24,332,458

Total obligations 36.865.019 33.735.835

Principal fund Appropnatmns by the Trustees not yet released for specific grantees, .md appropn.itions for program costs and general administrative expenses for the following year (Note 4) 70,729,056 65,917,795

Unappropriated 1.001.741.1 IS 1.019.710.068

Total principal fund 1,072.470.174 1,085.627,863

Tota! obligation:, and principal fund 51,109.335.193 $1,119,363,698

i< i lie i tiHMii,i; null .*>.

Investment income

Dividends S 23,105.415 S 21,7? 1,247

Interest 40,782,659 34,442,813

Other 170.516 108.847

64,058,590 56,282.907

Less, investment expenses 3.918.808 4,041,125

Investment rncomc before federal cxuse tax 60, B9.782 52,241,782

Less provision for federal excise tax (Note 2) 1,198,267 l.OW.HM

Net investment income 58.941,515 51,201,951

Grams announced and propram costs incurred during tlie year 40,^8,790 ?7,W,20I

General administrative expenses },4T*,62'' 5,565,168

15.212.4J7 12.9SU69

Net investment income over grants announced and program costs and general administrative expenses incurred H."7 29.098 8,208.582

Principal fund at beginning of year 1,085,627,86? 971,626,882

Capital items, major improvement* and related expenses (2,137,511) (1,5-14,897)

Decrease in unrealized appreciation of marketable securities net of reduction for deterred federal excise tax—1984' 31,595,000, 198* 540,000 (Note 2) (74,816.879) (9,65^829)

Realised pain on sale of marketable securities nee of provision for federal exuse tax— 198). $1,089,062; WV ??,^87,^87(Noti> 2) SO.O67.fi05 116,925,W5

Contributions to the Foundation -_ 5, MO

Prim ipal fund at end of year $1.072.470, |7-i $ I .()8S.fi27.8M

i'M/>it!i\inx n<>tc.\.

Sources of funds1

Investment mcomr before federal excise tax S 60,159,782 S 52,2-51,782 Net chanpr in accounts, receivable, tliMdemh and interest receivable, accounts payable and acmieJ liabilities 6,l)-H.?06 ( 1 2.W), Cash contributions to the- Foundation — 5.1 fifi.I82.98S VJ.696,609

Applications of funds Securities .md repurchase apnement transactions Purchases •,2?2.peiuJnurfs foi grants ami |iro>;iaiiis

Aj;ii<.u!tiir.il btu-iKi-s l.HiJ.hJ" fi. ^i.512 Arts 6c Hunwnitie!. S.^Sl.ni 5. I92.S29 Hi-altli Suttucb I.lll.O^1) l,22<,~^8 International Rdanoni i.^Vi.26^ 2.892,150 Population Snenu-s l.S^j.M] <5.106.9'i() Suual Smiui". — l-t|ual ()ppnriiiiiu\ d.l)9l.^i2 5. 889. 260 Education for Di-viliipmc-m I iSi.61"1 ^.J'J'7.!)!! Spt'nai Interests iS; KgMoraiiim* ^.')ii.*)

Quality ol the knvmmim-ni _ (28M

(ieneral adininiMtadvr cNjH'nJitures V W,() 1 1 Ii,"'Jl),fi 1 1 1 ,•> I i,S97 li-JcTal CV.IM- tax paid ^.-in.'lJ' -i.lX'.HO'

llhMMDf (Jettcasel lit i.nll 'i'l'i.Wl (d"7,!)"!)

( .i->h Ivlaiueat lxv:imtin£ D| UMI IS^.OO^ 221.0" i

(..tsll balitmr.it CIK! of vc-ar ? "iL'.W S |51'.OU4

1. SUMMARY OF Marketable securities are reported on the basis of quoted market value, and SIGNIFICANT investment income and expenses are reported on the accrual basis. The ACCOUNTING limited partnership interest is accounted for using the equity method POLICIES which provides that the investment is recorded at cost and adjusted for the Foundations share of the limited partnership income or loss. Realized gains and losses are calculated based on the average cost method for financial statements and the FIFO cost method for tax return purposes.

Appropriations by the Trustees are charged to operations when grants are announced and released for specific grantees. Program costs and general administrative expenses are charged to operations when incurred. Appro- priations made but not released for specific grantees and program costs and general administrative expenses for the following year are considered as appropriated principal fund.

Expenditures for capital items and major improvements are included in the property account and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lives of the respective assets or amortized over the term of the lease. The net change in the property account in 1984 was caused by an increase of $2,136,252, mainly attributable to headquarters renovation, and to acquisition of a new computer system, and a decrease of $678,843 attributable to depreciation, amortization and the write-off of the old computer system. The total depreciation, amortization expense and the write-off amounted to $1,220,415 in 1983-

2. FEDERAL The Foundation qualifies as a tax-exempt organization under Section HXC1SF. TAX 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and accordingly is not subject to federal income tax. However, the Foundation is classified as a private foundation and is subject to a federal excise tax of 2% on investment income less investment expenses, and on net realized taxable gains on security transactions. Deferred federal excise rax arises from timing differences between financial and tax reporting relating to investment income and the difference between the tax basis and market value of marketable securities.

Not less than the fair market value at December 31, 1969 of securities owned at that date is used as the basis for determining taxable gains on subsequent sales of such securities. Accordingly, net realized gains on disposition of securities subject to federal excise tax were $5-1,-153,081 in 198-1 and $119,369,3-1-1 in 1983- The basis for calculating taxable gains on securities held at December 31, W8-J i.s approximately $1,015,-100,000.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 3. PENSION The Foundation has a non-contributory pension plan with vesting for PLAN regular salaried employees who are at least 25 years old and have completed one year of service or have attained the age of 40. The Foundation makes annual contributions to the Plan equal to the amounts accrued for pension expense which were $1,115,000 in 1984 and $1,600,000 in 1983. Annual pension expense under this Plan is calculated on a basis which determines costs for future pension benefit accruals and for amortization of the unfunded value of accrued benefits as a level percentage of payroll of plan participants. A comparison of accumulated plan benefits and plan net assets is presented below.

1/1/84 1/1/8* (In Thousands)

Actuarial present value of accumulated plan benefits Vested Nonvested

NCI assets available for benefits

The actuarially assumed annual interest rates underlying the determination of the value of accrued benefits was 8.00%, with 3-35% used at January 1, 1984 for the expected period of pension cost-of-living augmentation (3-00% at January 1, 1983). The change in interest assumption was made taking into account experience to date under the cost-of-living formula.

At December 31, 1984 the total of annual premiums payable through March 1, 1987 to complete the purchase of supplementary annuities for personnel who retired under the Rockefeller Foundation's retirement plans in effect prior to April 1, 1975 was approximately $894,000.

i. APPROPRtAi ION.S Appropriations and expenditures for the year are summarized as follows: AND LXPI.KDlirRl.s *^r r r / Announced Appropriated Toial and but not Appropriated Released Rclc.ised

Balance,January 1, 198-1 590,250,25^ $2-1,3*2,458 $65,917,795 Appropriations hy the Trustees 55,900,000 15,290,878 10.609.122 Less, lapses .ind refunds (2,22^.686) (282.-1I6) (1,9-11.J70) reversion!, — (K)2,-l(i5) ICuVKi") Releases from appropriations — W,019,056 O-4.019.05d) Kxpcnd ii tires rnr grants, program costs, jst'ner.il administrative expenses and iapn.il items (-IS,-111.668) (-IS, II 1,668) • • Halnnu-, December *1, 198-1 $««,•>H.H99 ?.?•?.7tfS,8 H S'm.-'XOV,

ONCr I l-.RM At December 31, 198-1 minimum base rental commitments under non- M^s cancellable leases for headquarters office space, aggregate approximately $6,689,000 and are payable approximately $720,000 annually until 1994. The Foundation also is required in pay additional amounts for mainte- nance, electricity and taxes for I lie headquarters office. Rental expense

100

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation included in the statement of operations was approximately $986,800 in 1984 and $1,291,000 in 1983. The rental expense was reduced as a result of rental income received under the subleases. Net rental income under the first sublease will be approximately $1.2 million and under the second approximately $0.5 million during the period of the leases.

6. INVESTMENTS December 31, 19tte December SI. 1983 Ledger Ledger Amount* Market Value Amount* Market Value Marketable securities Repurchase agreements S I2,*62,OOOS 12,162,000 S 12,150,0005 12,150,000 U.S Government obligations 144,912,M2 148,2^,084 174,225,808 17!.158,391 Money market fund 820,235 820,255 — — Foreign (.utrcnty-sliori-ierm 4,719,600 4,707,245 — — Certificate of deposit — — 8,000,212 8,000,000 Corporate notes Il4,9*9,H4 114,967,824 m,515.972 HI,515,972 Corporate bonds 56.9*7,6*9 58,721,911 6l.768.2M 59.502,795 Other investments 1.296,910 450,000 1.296,910 150,000 Preferred stock 2,1.55.899 1,956,591 — — Common stock 620,852,11* 727,70*, 188 528,598.085 721.928,867 Sub-rocal 958,976.162 1.069.915.078 9i7.555.2W 1,104,906,025 Limited partnership interest at equity, which approximates market value 26,765,618 26.765,648 — ^ TOTAL S9.S5.74l.HHl S 1. 1)96, 680.72ft $9.1 7.555.2m S i. 104.906.()-'5 4I:.nr m.irket v.ilue .it dale of pit. purih.tsi- tost or

During 19H4, the Foundation made an investment of $25,000,000 in a real estate limited partnership. The increase in value of the limited partnership in 1984 reflects the Foundations share of interest earned on short term investments and net income from real estate investments realized by the partnership.

101

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation INDEX

Abel, Richard L. 77 Bay Area Global Education Program 28 Acaderma Sinica 15,89 Beaton, Janer I. 80 Advertising Council 75 Befus, A. Dean 46 Agarwal, Ashok 89 Behlet, Ernst 80 Agency for Internationa] Development 18 Belitt, Ben 80 Agricultural Sciences, RF program in fel- Bellagio Study and Conference Center 76, lowships 14-19; 87, 88 ,85 Alexander, Alan 79 Bender, Thomas 24 Almy, Susan W. h *m™1™' ***">" 52 American Academy of Arts and Sciences 52 Berryma^'sue E. =56 American Assembly 52 Blac£ , h £ jx American Association for the Advancement of Bledsoe, Caroline H. 63 Science 66 Bletter, Rosemarie Haag 24 American Association of Museums 30 Blumenrhal, W. Michael vi American Citizenship Education Proiect 38 Boeninger, Edgardo 80 American Council for the Arts 30 Bok, Derek 80 American Council of Learned Societies 20, Bok, Sissela 80 21, 30, 51 Boiling, Landrum 79 American Council on Germany 66 Bookmyer, Joseph R. vn Ameriian Dilemma 37 Boonprasat-Lewis, Nantawan 69 American Enterprise Institute 52 Borell, Ulf Soren M. 78 American Historical Assoctation 26 Borlaug, Norman E vii American Public Radio 28 Bowdoin College 21 American Society of International Law 55 Bowman, Phillip J. 39 American Symphony Orchestra League $0 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Anderson, Bernard E. ix, x Research 15 Anderson, Norman B. ^9 Bradernas, John vi Anderson, Roy 42 Breadloaf School of English 26 Anderson, Thomas J. 79 Bngham and Women's Hospital 43 Anhui Mi-dual College 48 Bronte, D. Lydia 77 Anrarsh, Libby 79 Brookings Institution W, 31, 36, 52, 72 Anyang' Nyong'o, Peter 69 Brookms, Geraldine K 40 Aptcl, Roberta J. 79 Brooklyn Academy of Music 30,31 App, Alv.i A viir Brown. HarolJ vi Aragon V;ic.i. luis 88 Brown. Irving M 78 Arbab. Farzam vm Brown University 28. 56, 72 Arco Corporation 20 Brumberg, Joan Jacobs 24 Arnold, Brian J. 77 Bryant Park Restoration Corporation 66 Arthur Young &• Company 95 Buchwalter, Ellen S vni Arthurs, Alberta B vin Budiman, Anef 69 Arts and Business Council 29, ^1 Arts and Humanities, RF program in fellow- California Institute of tin- Arts 21 ships 20-^2.22-25 Qlt.ibi.ino. Ronald 80 Ashley, Robert 21 Campbell, Mary Schmidt 24 ASM Society 56,66 Cardosa. Mary Jane 48 Aspen Institute lor Humanism Studu-s ^1, Carnegie H.ill 2(J 52, 55 Carnegie Hall Society 21 Assiut University 61 Cartter, Allan M. 77 Association for Voluntary Srenli/atmn 6-1 Case Western Reserve University 43 Association of Former Members of Congress Celh, Roberto vii 28, 56 Center for Asian Art 20 Atlanta Partnership lor Business and Educa- Center for Communication 66 tion 26 Outer for Cultural and Technical Interchange Atlanta Urban League ^5 between Last and West 71 Atlanta Center for the Arts 21 Center for Development Studies 66 Atlanta Council of the United States ^2 Center for Employment Training ^ Atlantic Institute for International Aflurs Outer lor National Pol ivy 19. 56 52 Center lor Philosophy and Public Polity 25 Australian IX-u-lopiwut Assistant UoaiJ Onu-r loi Regional Planning and Develop - •P rni-iit 87 Ceiiiu I'oi Ri'M-auhand Ailviuued Studies lUh, Rtibi-ft I.. M H Haili-y, Tlioni.ii *1 Center lor the Ameriian Woman and Pol- Balhveg, John A. tii nu^ ^0 Ii.iti.iMb Hindu Uiu\i-isii\ S9 Onti-is lot DIMMSC I ontio] (->\ Haiash. David P "'«>. m (Vntu- loi FuiDpean Poluy Studies ">5 Man, J.inn-> '"> IA-IHII- loi Vibmais Di-M-loptni'iu .Studio HJIIIII, \\'uii n ( SH d i, " i

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Centra dc Pcsquisas c Controle das Docncas Division of Cultural Affairs, State of Florida Marerno-Infantis de Campinas 59 31 Chamber of Commerce of the United States Dixon, Ruth B 81 55 Dugger, Ronnie 81 Chamberlain, Mansha 23 Duke University 61 Chaplan, Sandra 44 Dvorak, Karen A. 87 Chayes, Abram 80 Chayes, Antonia 80 East West Players 23 Chicago Council on Foreign Relations 52 East-West Population Institute 89 Children's Hospital Medical Center 44 Editorial Projects in Education 26 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Edmundson, Kathryn L vn 19, 88 Educational Broadcasting Corporation 27 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 61 Educational Fund for Individual Rights 38 Chinese Academy of Sciences 58,59 Egwang, Thomas 44 Chou, Bih-er 6? Ekeh, Peter Palmer 70 Choudhury, Masudul Alam 80 Elliott, Daphne C 81 Chulalongkorn University 52,53 Elliott, WH. 81 Cicin-Sam, Bihana 80, 82 Empty Space Theatre 23 Citizens' Commission on Civil Rights ^8 Engerman, Stanley L. 77 City University of New York 28, 29 Epidemiology Resource and Training Cen- Claremont University Center 31 rers 47 Clark, Burton R 77 Epstein, Martin 23 Clarke, R O HO Equal Opportunity, RF program m 33-40, Clifford, William 81 fellowships 39. 40 Clinical F.pidc miologt (tub 47 Fquitable Liie Assurance Society 20 Cokcr-Vann, Milhcint R ii Escola Paulista de Medicma -18 (.old Spring Harbor Laboratory 15 ETV Endowment of South Carolina 29 Columbia Univtrsity 36,53,61,66.73 Evans, John R vi Committee for Lconomic Development 55 ExploMtormm 21 Committee for National Security 5, 53 Hxxon Corporation 20 Committee on International Relations Studies Exxon Education Foundation 28 with The Peoph s Republic of China. 5^ Farber, Thomas 81 Comp.is 26 Fathalla, M.ihmoud F 78 <.nngression.il Black < ancui Foundation 18 Federal Umversin of Ftalua 59 Consultative Group on International Agn- Federal Uni\ersity of Minas Gerais 62, 87 iufniralRi!>iaii.h 16 fedeijl UimuMt) ol P.ir.i 88 ( niiMiliauvt Group on International Cio fellowship:! agriculture S", SS, atii and nomie and Moiiiiai) All.ui:> 55 lium.umies 22-25. ln-alth st ien6 F'orties, Maria Irene 2i Daiiti' Works 21 Foundation (.enter I.7|, 75 D.in/iger, .Sheldon ""^ Fox, F. Gordon ~7 Darling. Marsha J K) Frasu, Aironne S ""9 Oashiki Project Theatre 2* Frederuk Donglas>> Creative Arts Center 2^ 1 \iV.uwo, Julie 6V ""> Friedman. Herbert 81 Dam. Walterl K) Fries. Diud.s ^^ Dayton. Kenneth N. vi hulls. Minor 2) Dauon 1 Kulson louiulation ill Fmhs, l.awreiue 11 'I Heagle. IMwm A . Ji ix I'ud.iK I'nneiMtj 89 Degnei, l.e>le\ F 80, SI hiniiu ion para la AplUiii ion y Fnsi-nan/a do IX'lehanty, C-ieorge i; IN l.i> Cieiuiiii 6V DeLiut.li, John R. 7<> Demeny, Paul 77 tiadiah Mad.i Ihnveisity -18 I Vniographu ASMH i.ituni i>I ( ost.i Rm> |H Ciallvgo-,, I KM man F M Demk-igei, Robitt F "8 Gaulnet, ( laik 81 Dewem, Alain Id Gailield, ."lusan 1 \n >ah iti'u MI (..iiK-i.il 1 iluiadiui liuaul 11

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Georgetown University 5$, 67 Institute of International Education 69 Ghee, Lim Teck 70 Institute of Scientific Information 50 Gillam, Richard 24 Institue of Southeast Asian Studies 53 Glass, Joanna McClelland 23 International American Music Competition Glass, Philip 2! 20 Global Committee of Parliamentarians on International Center for Living Aquatic Population and Development 64 Resources Management 17 Global Interdependence Center 55 International Center of Tropical Agriculture Global Perspectives in Education 29 87 Gomez -Pom pa, Arturo 81 International Centre of Theatre Research 29 Gordon, Leonard 81 International Clinical Epidemiology Net- Gourdine, Simon R vn work 41,48,49 Giant, James R vi International Committee.' for Contraceptive Grassroots Publications 69 Research 60 Greater Philadelphia First Corporation 26 International Crops Research Institute for the Greenbcrg, Dolores 24 Semi-Arid Tropics 17, 87 Groenfeldt, David J. 87 International Development Research Centre Group of Thirty 55 37 Guggenheim, Scott E, 87 International Fertilizer Development Center Guimaraes de Almeida, Maura Maria 63 87 Gulhati, Kavnl 79 International Food Policy Research Institute Gurm, Gillian 57 17 Gurkan. Ihsan 81 International Institute for Strategic Studies 53 Halcakala. Inc. 31 International Institute of Tropical Agri- Hall {Walter and EliAi) Institute of Mi-dual culture 16, 17 Research -J 3 International Irrigation Management Halliday, Tcrcme 77 Institute 17, 87 Hals t cad, Scott B. vin International Laboratory for Research on Am- Hansen, R. G.iurth 81 in.il Diseases 17 Hardi. Peter 82 International Maue and Wheat Improvement H.unack, Curtis 82 Center 17, IS Hamm.in Institute 51 International Pea<.e Aiademj 5^ H.mwell, Robert M ~\H International Relations, RF piogram in H.irr/, Stuart C 78 "il-57, Man aid Divinity SJiool 7. 25 iello\v:>hips 5"1 Harvard Medical Sthool 88 International Resc.irch and Exchanges Board Harvard University 15. 18. 19. H. 50. 61, 51 "•>, 88 Intcrnation.il Riu- Research Institute 15 Health IW.KTKCS. RF program in Hess, J. William vn International Statistical Institute (i-t Heston, Alan 7S Iowa Stare University 89 Higoiinct. Margan-t 2) Higonnct, Patrue 24 jatku- Robinson hnindanon ^8 Mi liver, Georgi- V. M J.ukson. Bt-n R vin Hoffman, Lois \Vl.idis 82 j.kolis. Wesley C. K) Hogan, Di-nnii P. 6^ jams, Irving L. 82 Holiien, Joan 2^ Japan (lenter for Internatioiul I-\Jiange 53 Hollander. Paul 82 jarausih, Konrad H. ~>(i Hopper. William David \i, x Jay. Martin 2) House fcnird.it ion for the Art* 21 Jejeebhoy, Shireen ). 6^ Howard Uni\rr.Mty ^7, ">*> Jennings. Peter R viii I lo\u\ living 82 J«n-r. Cilen T. vn Hulx-r. Sallie O.ng 7<; Jimenez, Carol C. \in Hudson Institute ^5 Jobs fur Anu'riias Graduates ^6 Hudson River l:ilmami Vuleo 22 Johns Hopkins University 2^, 29, 50, f>l, Unm,iiiiin\ in Aimr/,,in t.iji 25 89 Hykes, Da\id 22 Johnson, 'Join vi lljlton, I'ui-i 2 1 Johnsnin, Jaino 1: vin. 17 Joint ( i-nti-r lor Pohtual Studici> 37, 38 IK-to. R.tvnaldo ( . "0 Joint Conimittiv on Snvit-t Fciirign 1'oluy imperial College ol Ju-U'iuv aiul TeJninliigv Studli'i 5 1 •12, -18 Inrdan. Vernon I1 , |r vt, v Indian Ciniiuil lor Roe.ikli nn Ink-iiiatiDiia! I'ainonui Relations ^"i Kabu. lt|b.il 15 liistitut !;iaiuais Jes Relaiian-, Inteiua- K.Khonpadunkitii, \'ong)out 89 tnniali". S<. ->S Ka,;ia, Ruth ''I Jiisiidiie lot JiHiiiialisin l-dtu.iiion iS KiigonJii. (ir.ue '!•{ Institute ul neM'lopni'Milal Biology W Kat/, .Stank'V N 7"? Institute ill l)e\rlnpmrni Studies I1) K.i/nr.i. |,nnes Vt' Id

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Kearl, Bryanr 82 Meet the Composer 22 Kenyatra University College 74 Mehretu, Assefa 70 Kettering (Charles F) Foundation 54 Mexican American Legal Defense and Educa- Khon Kaen University 49 tional Fund 38 Kimanani, Ebby Kalahi 88 Meyer, Jack R. vii Kincade, William H. 77 Michigan State University 18, 88 King, Bruce A. 82 Middlebury College 27 King, Elizabeth 63,73 Midwest Voter Registration Education Pro- Kirkland, Lane vi ject 38 Kiros, Fassil 67 Milimo, Mabel 70 Kitzmiller, James B, 82 Miller, William Lee 83 Klein, Howard vbi Ministry of Culture and Social Services 74 Kligman, Gail 78 Minority Female Parents 7 Knechr, Robert W. 82 Mnthali, Felix 70 Koehn, Peter 71 Modern Language Association of America Koenig, Michael A. 63 27, 31 Koss, Joan D. 82 Monas, Sidney 24 Kossoudji, Sheme A. 71 Montejano, David 40 Kramish, Arnold 82 Montgomery, David 72 Knegei, Gail 82 Moock, Joyce L. vni, 76 Krim, Mathilde vi, x Moodie, Thomas Dunbar 24 Kritz, Mary M. ix Morley, Hilda 83 Kutler, Stanley I. 77 Mosher, Nancy E. vn Kyoto University 60 Mukenge, Ida R. 40 Mullen, Lynda vn Laba, Roman 54 Murray, Henry Wilke 47 Latino Theater Festival 28 Musalem, Alberto R, ix Lavine, Steven D. viii Muzaffar, Chandra 70 Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights under Myrdal, Gunnar 37 Law 38 Lcars, T.J. Jackson 24 NAACP Special Contribution Fund 39 Lee, Sun-Hee 89 Napier, A David 83 Lesser, Wendy 82 Nash, Roderick 81 Lessinger, Johanna 71 National Academy of Sciences 37,39,6-1, Lewis, Philip S.C. 77 67 Li, You-Lan 89 National Alliance of Black School Educators Lipton, Judith Eve 79,83 37 Liu, Yi-Xun 89 National Ans Stabilisation Fund 29,31 Lizard! , Paul M. 45 N.uional Bureau of Economic Research 7S Lockwood, Yvonne R. 78 National Chanties Information Bureau 75 Lodge, D.wid 83 National Coalition on Black Voter Participa- London School of Hygiene and Tropical tion 39 Medicine 43,45 National Commission on Working Women Lord, Geoffrey 78 36 Los Angeles Theatre Works 23 National Committee for Full Employment Luckam, Yaa 70 36 Lyle, Katherine Ch'iu ix National Conference on Social Welfare 36 Lyman, Judith M. viii National Congress of Neighborhood Lyman, Richard W vi, vu, 9 Women' 35 National Council for Research on Women Machado Eduardo 2 ? 19 Mahidol University 43, 45, 49, 64, 67, 89 National Council of Negro Women 35 Majidi, Evelyn ix National Council on Foreign Language and Malone, Thomas F. 79 International Studies 28 Mamdani, Mahmood 70 National Endowment for the Arts 20 Mangahas, Mahar 70 National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Mann, Charles K. viii 45 Mannion, Geraldine P. ix N.uional GuilJ of Community Schools of the Marine Biological Laboratory 60 Arts 22 Mason, Sarah R. 71 National Humanities Alliance 30 Massachusetts Institute of lechnulogy 48 National Humanities Center 26,27 Mauldin, W. Parker 77 National Museum of Alnum Art 20 Maynard, Robert C vi, x National Recall h Council fid Mburugu, l-.dward K (H National Science and Technology Research Me Adam, Keith 42 Council 47 McClung, A, Colin viii Negush, Girnw 71 McCormick, Janici- 57 Newliery. Anne 1:'. vii McCormick, John O. 8^ New York Hospital-Cornell Medual Center McKee, Katharine 7d <>7 MiMunui, MuliiK'l

107

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation New York Shakespeare Festival 28, 29 Razafindralandy, Suzanne Razafinirina 84 New York University 39,43,45 Refugee Pol icy Group 72 Next Wave Festival 30 Regional Plan Association 67 Nicholson, John Leonard 83 Research Program on Women's Status and 92nd Street Young Men's and Young Women's Fertility 7 Hebrew Association 25 Resources for the Future 19 Nogueira, Nadia 45 Reyes, Juan Guillermo 88 Nonprofit Coordinating Committee of New Rickford, John R. 24 York 75 Riengrojpitak, Suda 45 NORPLANT 8, 60 Rifka, Fuad 84 North Carolina Stare University 61 Rivhn, Alice M. vi Norton, Eleanor Holmes vi Robinson, Nan S. vii, 76 Nyhan, William L. 83 Rockefeller Archive Center 85, 86 Rockefeller Brothers Fund 85 Odcll, Peter R 83 Rockefeller, John D. 10 Okojie, Christiana 64 Rockefeller Foundation: conferences, semi- Oliver, Melvin L. 40 nars, workshops 19, 31, 43, 45, 49, Olson, Ann 67 54, 56, 65, 70 O'Neill, Robert 77 Rockefeller University 15, 43, 44, 85, 86, OPERA America 20, 22 89 Opportunities Industrialization Center 35 Rodriguez, Aida ix Organization of American Historians 26,27 Roldan Schuth, Eduardo 88 Ortolam, Benito 78 Romanoff, Steven A. 87 Orwell, George 51 Romans, Patricia 45 Overseas Development Council 67 Romney, Henry ix Overseas Development Institute 56 Rorty, Amelie 84 Rose, Peter I. 72 Palrnien, Victor H vi Rose, Phyllis 25 Pan-Pacific Community Association 56 Rosen, George 84 Parasite Epidemiology Research Group 42 Rubin, Alan A 84 Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler vi Ruml, Beardsley 74 Pelc.Jerzy 83 Rutgers University 30,31.39.67 Pennock-Roman, Maria 40 Pennoyer, Robert M. vi Safilios-Rothschild, Constantma 64 Performing Artist Nucleus (Guadalupe Salame, Ghassan 57 Cultural Arts Center) 29 Salamon, Lester 74 Perl, Jeffrey M 24 Salzburg Seminar in American Studies 31 Perle, George H3 Santayana, George 81 Perseverance Theatre 23 Santoro, Ferrucio 46 Perusse, Roland 83 Saravanamuttu bin Abdullah, Johan 84 Pew Memorial Trust 26 Schad, Marjone J vm Pfeiffcr, JaneC. vi Schmidt-Ullrich, Rupert K.A 47 Philadelphia Alliance for Teaching the Schmitter, Philippe C. 78 Humanities in the Schools 26, 2"1 Schneebaum, Tobias 84 Pifer, Alan 77 Schultz, Stephen 84 Pittsburgh Public School District 27 Schwartz, Ruth 84 Planned Parenthood Federation of America Science Citation Index 50 65 Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation 46 Plaskow, Maurice 81 Scripps Institute 43 Playboy Foundation 4 Seager, Joni 67 Population Association of America 65 Seattle School District No. 1 27 Population Council 60, 61, 65 Segal, Sheldon J ix, 78 Population Sciences, RF Program m 58-65 Shah of Iran 3 fellowships 88,89 Shea, Daniel B. 84 Powell, Douglas H. 83 Shehadi, Fadlou 84 Prince of Sonpkla University 89 Sheldon, Eleanor B vi Princeton University 45, 67 Sherman, Martin 23 Psychoyos. Alexandre 60 Sherwood, Steven William 89 Public/Private Ventures 36 Shirk, Susan L. 57 Puerto Rn.m Traveling Theatre Company Sichuan Medical College 47, 49 28, 29 Simon, Bennett 84 ' Purdue Ri-iiMtili Foundation 15 Simpson, Hilt-en 84 Sivard, Ruth Legur 9 Raja, Vua \ii Sloau-KcUufinjt Institute 4} Ramanathim, R.ijaram vii Smith, Christopher U. 40 Rand Corporation 46, 51, 54, 75 Smith College 32 Randolph, Suzanne M. 40 Smith, Jaincb C. 40 Ranni'V, Suwn 1. 71 Smiih, Willial Cantwell 84 Rao, J. Mohan 57 Smithsonian Institution 20,25 R.wctch, Jeffrey V IS Sniok-nskj1, lingerie 77 tt,i\ Divul S\ Suual Sinim. Ki-iiJiJi ( ouiKil 51, 5 I

108

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Society for International Development 56 University of Buenos Aires 88 Solow, Barbara L 77 University of California South Africa: Time Running Out 69 Berkeley 18,51,54,68,89 Southeast Banking Corporation Foundation Davis 16 32 Irvine 22 Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art Los Angeles 51 22 San Diego 56, 62, 72 Southwest Voter Registration Education Pro- University of Dar es Salaam 73, 74 ject 39 University of Denver 68 Soviet International Behavior 51 Universiry of Edinburgh 46 Special Interests and Explorations 66-75; Universiry of Florida 18 fellowships 69, 70 Universiry of Georgia Research Foundation Spencer, Elizabeth 84 16 Spencer, Michael Jon 78 University of Hawaii 50,89 Spindel, Cheywa R. 84 University of Ibadan 60 Sprandel, Ulrich 76 University of Ife 62 Ssennyonga, Joseph W. 65 University of Illinois 16,51,54 Stack, Gary Edward 89 University of Maryland 25 Stanford Law School 3 Universiry of Massachusetts 27 Stanford University 16, 29, 51, 54, 60, 68 University of Michigan 37, 39, 65, 89 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 9 University of Nairobi 62, 73, 74, 88 State University of Ghent 16 University of Newcastle 47 State University of Leiden 16 University of Norch Carolina 62 State University of New York 68 University of North Dakota 18 Steinem, Gloria 4 Universiry of Notre Darne 56 Steppenwolf Theatre Company 23 Universiry of Oregon 50 Stevens, Rosemary 84 University of Oxford 44 Stifel, Laurence D. vn University of Pennsylvania 28, 47, 50, 60, Stremlau, John ix, 79 65 Stuart, Martha 68 Universiry of Salzburg 62 Suksamran, Somboon 70 University of South Carolina 54 Sundance Institute for Film and Television University of Stockholm 44 20 University of Sydney 62 Sussman, Henry 25 University of the Andes 64,65 Suthutvoravut, Somsak 89 University of the West Indies 46 Szwa]a, Lynn A vm University of Toronto 50 University of Virginia 44 University of Washington 44 Talmor, Ezra 76 University of Wisconsin 50 Tankut, Gonul 85 University of Zimbabwe 68 Tauranac, Elizabeth N. IN Urban Institute 74, 75 Taylor, Billy vi Teachers College, Columbia University 27 Temple University 60 Valdes, Dennis N. 40 Theater in the Red 2S Vatuk, Sylvia 85 Tinker, Irene 79 Vcrba, Sidney 85 Toenniessen, Gary H. vni Verrill, Charles O. 77 Toowicharanont, Prapaporn 89 Vogl, Frank 78 Town Hall Foundation 68 Vosti, Stephen A, 87 Trammel, Webb vii Voter Education Project 39 Transafnca Forum 54 Trilateral Commission 54 Trust for Christian Out reach and Education Wai, Dunstan M. 78 69 Walker Art Center 25, 30, 32 Trustees of Amherst Collide 22 Walter P. Reuther Library of Libor and Urban Tufts University 44 Affairs 20 Turnbull. C. Mary 85 Want;, Shao-Ke 88 VWing, Xinyanp 72 Warren, Kenneth S. viii, 7h Udeinya, IrokaJ. •*() Washington Center 08 Ueno, Hiroslu ,S9 Washington State University 16 UNESCO 3 Wayne State University 20,25 United Nations Association of the United WeisbKu, Abraham W. 8J, 85 States of Ania'ic.1 73 Weizmami Institute of Scienu1 tl United Nations Children's hind 'id Welk'sley College 74 Universidad del Vulli- -19 Wellington. Hairy H. 85 Utuvmidiul National de Cuyu 00 Welsh, Alexander J5 UnixeiMdade Fcdeial ilo Rio uVJaneiui 19 ViViii-I, Gina S H5 Universities Field Stall International fiH West Africa Rue Development Association University ('oik-pi11 ondmi (•>.? I7, 1H I'niuisitv Ilnsph-iK Id \V»M)all. Riiliaid S 'S

109 © 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Wharton, Clifton R., Jr. vi Women's Research and Education Institute White, Edgar 23 68 Who Will Do Science-' 36 Wongtrangan, Kanok 70 Wider Opportunities for Women 36 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Williams, Bruce E ix Scholars 25 Williams, Maurice J. 76 Woolf, Harry vt, x Williams, Raymond B 72 World Bank 47 Williamson, Robert 85 World Food Council 76 Wolfensohn, James D vi World Health Organization 47 Wolling, Frank J vu World Military and Social Expenditures 9 Women .a World Survey 9 Women and Foundations/Corporate Phi- Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 26 lanthropy 75 Yale University 27, 46, 54, 60, 68, 74, 75 Women's Division of the General Board of Yeshiva University 46 Global Ministries of the United Meth- Youngson, Alexander John 85 odist Church 68 Women's Leadership Conference 5 Zentella, Ana Celia 40 Women's Legal Defense Fund 4, 68 Zhao, Zhifan 88

7/0

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation