RESEARCH ARTICLE

The Study on Leadership of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho : Givingness and Intellectual

Krongtip Nakvichet Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, Nakhonratchasima College E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The research aimed : 1) to study the leadership of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingness and Intellectual 2) to study the correlation between Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingness and his Intellectual leadership 3) to find the ways to develop Thai people in accordance with Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s teaching and guidance on his givingness.le The research was conducted through qualitative and quantitative procedure. Data was gathered from 2015 - 2017. Results found that 1) Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingnessic score at the highest level (x = 4.69). His intellectual leadership scores at the highestr levelt (x = 4.74). 2) The givingness and the intellectual leadership of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho had the positive high level of correlation. 3) The ways to develop Thai people were Aas followed 3.1) at an individual level and at a group level were self-consideration or self-evaluation on good conduct; being an intellectual leadership ; conducting, studying, spreadingd and participating all his guidance and his good conduct. 3.2) At an organizationalte level both educational institutes and other involved organization in Nakhon Ratchasimac province, the development ways were setting a policy, doing, checking and acting for following Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s guidance in the institute. tra KEYWORDS:R Luange Phor Khoon Parisuttho, The Giver, The Intellectual Leader Introduction knowing how to maintain physical and The holistic development of Thai mental health. They may learn through people nowadays to solve the problem of both formal and informal systems at their some unsatisfied characteristics of people, pleasure. They can learn at any time in every should emphasize on encouraging people situation including learning the good behavior to have versatile learning, grow morality and from good people in the community and ethics, practice intellectual skills, including society (Jitradab, 2014). A person being the

ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 62 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN good example and being the respectable development (Phra Phromkunaphorn and faithful person will convince people [Payutto], 2015) for the youth and people surrounding them and the youth to have in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. faith with confidence and determination in well behave manner. The person who Purposes is a good and respectful example is also The research aimed to: a giver and an intellectual leader (Mahar, 1) study the leadership of Luang 2004; Mongkonpithaksuk, 2007). The one Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingness and who is well-known in Nakhon Ratchasima Intellectual. society is Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho, the 2) study the correlation between monk with an excellent practice. (Revealing Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingness the biography of Luang Phor Khoon, 2015; and his Intellectual leadership. Open the Will of Luang Phor Khoon, 2015). 3) find the ways to develop Thai He expressed selflessness, thoughtfulness people in accordance with Luang ePhor and good deeds. He guided the way of Khoon Parisuttho’s teaching and guidance.l practice to the Buddhists. He paid attention ic to everyone. He behaved appropriately in Literature Review t helping, guiding for problem solving, being The study ofr literature and interview the good example. Therefore, he was on the peopleA who respect Luang Phor respected as the good example of good Khoon Parisuttho sums up as followed: practice among Thai people especially d 1. Outstanding characteristics of for the people in Dan Khun Thot District, ebeing the giver and intellectual leader of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Those whot Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho were close to him learned from hisc virtues Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho or and adhere to it as thea good way of Phra Thepwitthayakom (Koon Parisuttho) practice. There should,t rthus, be a study on had good practices which were unique givingness ande intellectual leadership of and respectable among Thai people and Luang PhorR Khoon Parisuttho to give the foreigners. He had a simple way of living information about the importance of being whether it was in eating, living in the simple the giver and the major intellectual leader of and economic place, communicating with Nakhon Ratchasima Province which will be simple words, giving profound morale and beneficial to the monks and young people no giving formal preaching as other monks. as the basis for studying the approaches He spoke Korat language using the very to the development of goodness and informal colloquial term for the pronoun intellectual leadership which is important “you” and “I” with the voice tone full of to further human development and social kindness, sincerity, and friendliness to

VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 63 the people in general. He also had his own He explained more, “I have perseverance, characteristics in squatting and smoking his non-ambitiousness, faith, compassion, self-rolled cigarettes. When people donated morality, companionship for people, and money for making merits, he received only have dharma in the mind.” one banknote and he would return the other 3) Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho banknotes to the donator. Then, he would often blessed, “I wish everyone good luck, give blessing for good health by gently wealth, and safety. For those who do bad hitting the head of those people with a light deeds, I ask you to make good deeds for the stick that is used for holy water making. He country to be peaceful and prosperous....” also patted the back and blew his blessing 4) Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho on to the head to relieve the diseases for often suggested the leaders, “If you want those who were sick. He also anointed the to become the good leader of the country, cars according to Thai belief that this would organization, or family, you have to behave help ensure the safety of the drivers. like the spittoon to accept all things eboth At the same time, he always emphasized on good and bad. You should keep thel good careful driving. He also gave out inscriptions things with you and leavei thec bad things of gold amulet to the Buddhists who hold there. No matter what tthey do, whether it belief in this for living the good life. People is correct or incorrect,r you have to listen to often brought important documents to him them and tellA them to correct it.” to step on for the auspice and achievement 5) Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho in the business operation. oftend taught us not to be careless. He said The important sentences and phrases e“....Don’t be careless. Being careless is not of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho were in Koratt good…. Don’t be careless in properties language (Wat Ban Rai, 2000; Somec Stuffs and don’t be careless in age” “....Don’t be to the Universe, Teachings aof “Luang Phor careless in driving.” Khoon”, the God of tthe rNortheastern, 2015) When Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho and preciouslye indicated the importance became very old, he prepared himself of the giverR and intellectual leader’s roles before dying by donating his body to be in the development of Thai people as studied by medical students after he died followed: (Phra Phaisan Wisalo, 2015). Later, he died 1) The motto of Luang Phor Khoon at the age of 91 years, 224 days; 71 years Parisuttho on giving, “the more you take, the ordinated as a Buddhist monk. In this less you have. But the more you give, the occasion, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Queen more you receive.” Sirikit, and the royal family, gave the royal 2) Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho water for his corpse and 12 flower garlands often said, “I already have everything.…” through the Bureau of the Royal Household ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 64 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN to operate. The mortuary urn was also given the problem solution, had compassion, and together with the tiered in special case. was a good example for the Buddhists, It was estimated that after the medical persons involved, and general people. His students had already studied the body of characteristics were correlated. When he Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho, the cremation was the Giver, he gave the suggestions, would be arranged in 3 years which will be teaching, and persuasion positively in the in June, 2018. Then, the cremains and the intellectual way. Giving is the basis of ashes will be floated into Mae Khong River relationship both socially and naturally following the intention of Luang Phor Khoon (Nakvichet, 2006; Phra Phaisan Wisalo, 2015; Parisuttho (Royal Garland Given Together Sinlarat, 2012). It has the relevance and with the Urn to Contain the Body of “Luang linkage to the ethical leadership (Somprach, Phor Khoon”, 2015). 2016). Moreover, being an intellectual leader Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho is also related to transformational leadership supported the restoration of temples and and servant leadership which are correlatede monasteries. He supported the construction in terms of practical awareness andl ethical of schools, hospitals, and many public encouragement for the iacquaintances.c properties by using the money donated by (Phongsiwat, 2006; Rattanaphong,t 2007). the Buddhists who came to make merits This is correspond tor the servant leadership (Wat Ban Rai, 2000). He was the leader in resulting in theA achievement in the operation creating public properties and conducting (Meemoei, Jongwisan, & Sakdiworapong, the activities for public benefits. This shows 2011).d There are 3 parts in the forms of servant how much faith he received from the people eleadership (Suksukhon & Anantanawee, in general. t 2014) : 1) self-part in listening, realizing, and It can be initially concludedc that having broad vision, 2) relationship with Luang Phor Khoon Parisutthoa was the other people, have compassion, persuade “Giver” who always tgaver properties, things, to the good way and participate in taking teaching, mottos,e encouragement, chances, the responsibilities, 3) duties in dedicating and preachingR to general people (Phra ourselves for human development. Phromkunaphorn [Payutto], 2006; Phichit Buddhism Bureau, 2010). He also had the 2. Leadership and intellectual characteristics of intellectual leader who leadership was dedicated, had consciousness, thought Concept and theory of leader, well, controlled the temper well, was leadership and intellectual leadership: flexible, had human relations, understood 2.1 Leader and leadership. the situations, communicated and The leaders are some people behaved appropriately, helped, suggested who have special characteristics, regular

VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 65 self-development. They can lead other which is the characteristics of intellectual people to achieve the good goal. leaders promoting the achievement of work. The leadership of the leaders is the special (Meemoei et al., 2011) characteristics, important for developing people and society. (Nakvichet, 2006; 3. Self-development and Lussier & Achua, 2007). development on personnel in the 2.2 Intellectual leadership organizations The leader with Intellectual This research aimed to study the leadership applied from the ethics of approaches in development of Thai people transformational leadership or creative following the practices of Luang Phor Khoon leadership (Phongsiwat, 2006; Rattanaphong, Parisuttho. Therefore, it focused on the 2007) and servant leaderships (Meemoei principles in personnel development in the et al., 2011). The intellectual leadership organization. The principles in personnel is related to the servant leadership. The development, especially in the academice leaders have companion, cure, persuading, institutes are as followed: l and dedicative to human development. 1) Principles ofi cpersonnel (Suksukhon & Anantanawee, 2014) The development, the developmentt of modern characteristics of intellectual leadership Thai people should rbe done to earn money are the combination of transformational for living by Ausing knowledge, innovating in leadership stimulating and encouraging every career at every level, learning with the the good practices to the achievement, desired of life in every point of life in various flexibility, and servant leadership. Moreover, eforms to focus on developing good people, the giving leadership and the intellectualt building the good society, and developing leadership are also related to thec ethic human society to help developing people leadership which the leadersa have to with mutual assistance (Panich, 2017). have principles andt ethicsr in being the The principles of self-development are the leaders (Somprach,e 2016). The people derive practice and development called Sikka or from theR scarification related to having education focusing on developing people consciousness, thinking well, controlling the who have good habits, good human relation, temper well, having flexibility, having human generousity, kindness, human skills, learning relations, having good communication, skills, leadership, decision making with always helping and suggesting from the different thinking and practices to have the good wishes given to all relevant people. exchange in learning to create the learning This is correspondent with conclusion that community in general. the givingness of the leaders in various 2) Awareness in personal forms influence the achievement of work development in diverse organizations. ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 66 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN For the personal development in of learning arrangement to develop the the organizations, the executives should be 21st century learners is to allow them to aware of the varieties of the personnel in the fully learn and work on what is learned organizations having different characteristics; whether it is knowledge, good deeds, and (1) groups of people who are reasonable, practical skills with the focus on peaceful sincere the objectives in being the leader living altogether in the society as well as with. They are fast, highly determined, allowing them to encounter and solve the and have the influence on other people, problems (Panich, 2017) under the support (2) groups of people who are organized, and encouragement of the executives delicate, profound, think a lot, like to corresponding with the targets and context inspect, love the privacy, and have power in of each society and community (Malaikwan, the development, (3) groups of people who 2017). For the development of person ethics, love entertaining, have creative thinking, it can be conducted by recruiting, selecting, are simple, have power in fighting and orientation, training, evaluation on workinge developing the works, are relaxed, optimistic, performance, awarding, and punishingl when and are the power in the development of something has been wronglyi donec (Noonin, work, (4) groups of people who are easy- 2013). t going, can adapt themselves to other people r and environment easily, flexible, relaxed, 4. RelatedA researches avoid fighting or conflict, can reconcile the The researches relevant to giving and problems reasonably, prudent, careful. intellectuald leadership of Luang Phor Khoon In reality, persons in each group of habits eParisuttho are: always have the habits of the other groupt or Suksukhon and Anantanawee (2014) several groups in combination. Thec personal conducted the research on the servant development in the organizationsa require leadership of the executives of primary various and appropriatet rmethods. educational institutes. The research results 3) Personale development in the revealed that there were 3 parts in the servant educationalR institutes. leadership. The 1st part consisted of listening, The development of individuals realizing, creating the imagination, and generally emphasizes the development having broad vision. The 2nd part consisted of educational institutions and requires of compassion, alleviation, persuasion, teachers as key persons in direct operation. and mutual responsibilities. The 3rd part, The support from the management team duties/resources consisted of dedicating is also needed. Most important problem themselves for human development and nowadays is the development of teachers creating the groups of people. to change the way they think. The process

VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 67 Yoochareon and Na Wichean (2015) beautifying 2, Dharma with patronage 2, studied the Buddhist leadership with positive Kusonlamoon 3, Peaceful living 3, Honesty organizational behaviors caused by the use 3, Sovereignty 3, Karawas Dharma 4, of Buddhist leadership. The research results Four sublime states of mind 4, Sangkaha revealed that: Wattu 4, Itthibat 4, Kanlayanamittatham 1) The definition of Buddhist 7, Sappurissatham 7, Aparihaniyatham 7, leadership means the process allowing Ariyasap 7, 10 Royal virtues of King, Phala 5. anyone to try using the intellect, goodness, 2) There were 11 correspondent knowledge, and their own competence in Buddhist principles; Kanlayanamitta, leading other people or encouraging them Yonisomanasikan, Dharma for beautifying to willingly and enthusiastic in doing things 2, Dharma with patronage 2, Honesty 3, as desire to go towards the good goal. Karawas Dharma 4, Sangahavatthu 4, Four 2) The factors making the leaders Rddhippada, Kanlayanamittatham 7, Phala to have the Buddhist leadership on positive 5, and Sappurisa-dhamma 7. e behaviors. The leaders use the important 3) In personnel management,l there 2 principles; (1) Tri Sikka consisting of were 15 correspondent Buddhistic principles; merit, concentration, and intellect, (2) Kanlayanamitta, Yonisomanasikan,t World Four sublime states of mind consisting of protective dharma 2,r Dharma for beautifying kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and 2, KusonlamoonA 3, Peaceful living 3, Honesty equanimity in managing the supervised fairly. 3, Sovereignty 3, Karawas Dharma 4, Four The management adhering the principle of sublimed states of mind 4, Sangkaha Wattu 4, Buddhist leadership results in the positive eKanlayanamittatham 7, Sappurisa-dhamma behavior divided into 3 issues; effectt to 7, Aparihaniyatham 7, Ariyasap 7, and 10 themselves, effect to the supervised,c and Royal virtues of King. effect to the organization. a 4) In financial budgets, there were Tiamwilai (2013)tr conducted the 14 correspondent Buddhist principles; research on eBuddhist leadership in the Yonisomanasikan, Appamatha, World educationalR institutes. The research results protective dharma 2, Dharma with patronage revealed that the Buddhist principles were 2, Koson 3, Intellect 3, Honesty 3, Peaceful correspondent with the Buddhist leadership living 3, Phala 5, Benjatham Sappurisa- and the management of educational dhamma 7, Ariyasap 7, Atthangika-magga, institutes as followed: and 10 Royal virtues of King. 1) Buddhist leadership had the 5) In the management of educational correspondent Buddhist principles in 19 institutes of the executives following principles; Kanlayanamitta, Yonisomanasikan, Sappurisa-dhamma 7, it was found that it World protective dharma 2, Dharma for could be applied well as Sappurisa-dhamma ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 68 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN 7 was the Buddhist principle covering and 2) the leadership in disseminating Buddhism corresponding to the management of of Phra Mongkon Thepmuni (Sod Janthasaro) educational institutes in academic affairs, could be synchronized to the Buddhist personnel, budgets, and general tasks. It was principles; Four sublime states of mind also the principle for good people having 4, Sangkaha Wattu 4, 10 Royal virtues of the importance for becoming the Buddhist King, Prejudice 4, Sappurisa-dhamma 7, leaders. Papanikatham 3, Phala 4, Saraniyatham Posuvan (2014) conducted the 6, and 3) the leadership in disseminating research on the leadership in disseminating Buddhism of Phra Mongkon Thepmuni Buddhism of Phra Mongkon Thepmuni (Sod (Sod Janthasaro) could be applied from his Janthasaro). The research results revealed Buddhism dissemination to be beneficial for that; 1) the leadership in revolutionary Thai society today. theories was more correspondent and appropriate than others, for example, Conceptual Framework e behaving as the respectable models and This research was based lon the being the persons with broad vision, following conceptualr framework:tic - Characteristics of A intellectual leader Luang Phor Khoon d Parisuttho’s givingness - The main idea of e and intellectual Luang Phor Khoon t leadership Parisuttho of a “Giver” c tra Figure 1:R Conceptuale framework Benefit of Research Research Process The result of this research was This research was conducted from the important ways for developing Thai summing up the main idea of Luang Phor people in accordance with Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho of a “Giver” (Wat Ban Rai, Khoon Parisuttho’s teaching and guidance, 2000) which was the most important merit especially for educational institutes and making (Mahar, 2004), an intellectual leader. other involved organization in Nakhon (Nakvichet, 2006; Revealing the biography Ratchasima province. VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 69 of Luang Phor Khoon, 2015), the ethics Data Analysis of transformational leadership or creative Descriptive statistics by the mean and leadership (Phongsiwat, 2006; Rattanaphong, the standard deviation of individual survey 2007) and servant leaderships (Meemoei items for Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s et al., 2011). This included the data obtained givingness and Intellectual leadership were from interviewing relevant people who analyzed. Next the Pearson’s correlation were close to him, to the givingness and was calculated for the relationship between intellectual leadership of Luang Phor Khoon his givingness and Intellectual leadership. Parisuttho which was the data corresponded Lastly, the study of the ways to develop Thai by using synthetic table with the study of people in accordance with his teaching was documents. The research was conducted summarized. through 4 steps. The first step was literature Results: review and interviews of people involved. Results found that: The second step was studying qualitative 1. Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’se data by using structured questionnaire. givingness and intellectual l The quality of questionnaire was verified 1.1 The givingnessic of Luang by 5 experts. 17 Luang Phor Khoon Phor Khoon Parisuttho twas at the highest Parisuttho’s followers were interviewed. level (x = 4.69). Whenr considering each The questionnaire was designed after data item, the itemsA with the highest level were; saturation. The third step was the qualitative money donation contributing to the charity data study which was conducted through ofd King Rama 9; money donation for the questionnaire on givingness and Intellectual econstruction of public properties such as leadership of Luang Phor Khoon Parisutthot hospitals, police stations, district offices, which was in Likert Scale and passedc the schools, roads; donation of things as public quality verification by 5 experts.a One set benefits such as rescuers and ambulances; of questionnaire hadt ther consistency of giving properties and things to poor people 0.60 - 1.00 ande the reliability of 0.88 - 0.92. to feed themselves and their children; giving The dataR was collected from 317 parents and scholarships to poor students; donation of teachers in Amphoe Dan Khoon Tod, Nakhon body for the study of medical students; Ratchasima Province through schools which encouraging and adhering by giving the counted to 79.65 percent of the sample auspice amulets; expressing the best wishes group by technique of Simple Random by knocking the head of those who had Sampling. The questionnaire was answered faith for the auspice and made them have mostly by the public who knew about Luang the happy life; donation of given things to Phor Khoon Parisuttho. the followers and general people; giving the places for earning money to the villagers ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 70 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN such as for playing music and selling things the followers and general people; honoring in the temple; giving” as appropriate and the individuals and general people; behaving following the individual necessity; “Giving” appropriately and consistently; persuading things to everyone fairly; giving teaching, the others to have good conscience, unity, motto, and preaching to preserve the five patriotism and creating benefits to the Buddhist rules, not to be careless, to save society; donating money for personal money, to be patient, diligent, conscious, development; having consciousness both and to know to “give”; and Being kind and in speaking and acting; encouraging people friendly to general people (x = 4.59 to to live and do good things; warning or 4.83). Only Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s prohibiting people when they do something returning 1 banknote to those who donated inappropriate; helping advising those who money was at the high level (x = 4.50). had problems; expressing good wishes to 1.2 The intellectual leadership the surrounding people; encouraging the of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho was at the surrounding people to do good deedse and highest level (x = 4.74). When considering the beneficial things (x = 4.58 to 4.82).l each item, all items were at the highest 2. Relationship of ithec givingness level. Details were as followed; monitoring and the intellectual leadershipt of Luang the news of social changes; commitment to Phor Khoon Parisutthor human development following the Buddhist The Agivingness and the intellectual principles; intuitive communication using leadership of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho easy-to-understand words; communicating ared linear related, at the 0.01 significant straightforwardly for the message to be elevel, with positively high correlated (r = easily understood; giving loving-kindnessct to 0.758), shown in Table 1. Table 1 Pearson Correlationra of givingness and Intellectual leadership t Intellectual e leadership GivingnessR Pearson Correlation (r) 0.758** N 317 Note: ** notified is significant at the 0.01 level

3. The ways to develop Thai people or self-evaluation on good conduct; being in accordance with his teaching and guidance: an intellectual leadership ; conducting, 3.1 At an individual level and studying, and spreading Luang Phor Khoon at a group level were self-consideration Parisuttho’s guidance to convince individuals

VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 71 and groups to do according to his guidance; conduct contest for schools or knowledge helping to continue and spread songs about organizations on special occasions such as Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho; participating his birthday anniversary; Temples in Nakhon in or organizing a competition on producing Ratchasima Province’s policy on ublicizing materials to spread his good conduct; Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s givingness participating in or organizing activities to and intellectual leadership; supporting and share knowledge on Luang Phor Khoon promoting research and songs on Luang Phor Parisuttho; honoring those who conducted Khoon Parisuttho’s good conduct; organizing according to Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s a conservative tourism project; reserving guidance; participating in or organizing Tepwittayakom Sanctuary and promoting it activities to do good deeds for him; advising as a knowledge source; organizing a contest other people to reduce or quit smoking and or a project on Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho; other illicit drugs used by citing Luang Phor Making materials or organizing a material- Khoon Parisuttho’s teaching; and evaluating making competition to publicize his egood self-satisfaction on conducting good deeds conduct; setting an atmosphere suitablel according to his guidance. for making good conductsi forc individuals 3.2 At an organizational level and groups of individuals;t giving importance both educational institutes and other to and supporting buildingr culture of good involved organization in Nakhon Ratchasima conduct makingA for individuals and groups province, the development ways were of individuals according to Luang Phor setting a policy for following Luang Phor Khoond Parisuttho’s guidance; honoring Khoon Parisuttho’s guidance in the institute; ethose who continued his teaching and good publicizing policy for following Luangt conduct; establishing an organization to Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s guidance;c adding continue good deeds making according to contents about him in thea curriculum; his guidance; building self-evaluation form setting up extra-curriculartr activities about on givingness and intellectual leadership him; developinge teachers to teach about for the public; and building self-satisfaction him; requiringR teachers to add contents evaluation form for the public when they on his good conducts in their classroom; had developed givingness and good conduct managing and monitoring their outcome; according to his guidance. publicizing the policy to other institutes This research can be discussed in the and organizations so that they took part in important issues as follows: building a people development curriculum 1. The results found that the in accordance with Luang Phor Khoon givingness of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho Parisuttho’s good conduct; organizing a good was at the highest level confirmed by

ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 72 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN the 17 interviewees giving the data. This may and encouraging the good practices to be because his characteristics are respected the achievement, flexibility, and servant among people in Dan Khun Thot District. leadership. Moreover, the giving leadership They give the data in the same direction of and the intellectual leadership were also his givingness in properties, things, teaching, related to the ethic leadership which the mottos, encouragement, opportunity to leaders have to had principles and ethics general people. in being the leaders (Somprach, 2016) 2. The results also found that the following the idea that the behaviors of intellectual leadership of Luang Phor Khoon giver who gave properties, teaching, mottos, Parisuttho was at the highest level. This may encouragement, opportunity, and preaching be because he was respectful among people to general people often derived from the in Dan Khun Thot District. He expressed scarification related to having consciousness, his ability to communicate with people thinking well, controlling the temper well, and groups of people in a motivational or having flexibility, having human relations,e persuasive way to do good deeds. Phra having good communication, alwaysl helping Phromkunaphorn (Payutto), 2006 proposed and suggesting from the goodic wishes given that the leadership of the leaders played the to all relevant people.t These were the important roles in developing people and characteristics of ran intellectual leader society. Suksukhon and Anantanawee (2014) correspondentA with the idea that the explained that the intellectual leadership monks were the intellectual leaders being was related to the servant leadership. The responsibled for giving knowledge, teaching, leaders had companion, cure, persuading, eand preaching to people in the society and dedicative to human development. Thist (Poonpipat, 2005). This is correspondent is compared to the intellectual leadershipc with Meemoei et al. (2011) who concluded of Luang Phor Khoon Parisutthoa which that the givingness of the leaders in various people in Dan Khunt Thotr District similarly forms influence the achievement of work acknowledge eand give data in the same which was the characteristics of intellectual direction.R leaders promoting the achievement of work. 3. According to the research results This was also correspondent with Suksukhon of relations between the givingness and the and Anantanawee (2014) who conducted the intellectual leadership of Luang Phor Khoon research on the form of servant leadership of Parisuttho, the relations were positive and the executives finding the important issues at the high level as the characteristics of related to this research that were the broad intellectual leadership were the combination vision, relationship building, companionship, of transformational leadership stimulating and persuasion.

VOLUME 7 NO.1 JANUARY - JUNE 2018 73 4. The results found that the relevant agencies, there must be the approaches in developing Thai people operation of personnel development in the following the teaching and way of practices agency level in accordance with the goals of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho in the and contexts of the society and community individual and group levels in the education, (Malaikwan, 2017). For the arrangement of self-assessment, exchanging in learning, contest on the song composition related to following the teaching, participation in the good deeds dedicated to Luang Phor Khoon activities, and further the good practices Parisuttho, the appropriateness was in the following his teaching was in agreement moderate level as the time has passed and with the idea of personal development there were other occasions occurring at with the principles in the self-development the present. This causes the audiences to (Panich, 2017). This was the integrating have the involvement in the song contents. self-development in the behaviors, mind, Moreover, there are sufficient number of knowledge, and thoughts called intellect. songs in commemoration to him whiche can The development in all areas must be be accessed via online media. l conducted altogether with the education, ic good habits, human relations, generosity, Conclusion t human skills, essential skills, and exchange This researchr has some limitations in in learning until having community of presenting concretelyA the communication knowledge in general. In agency level, in the Korat language of Luang Phor Khoon there should be the policy to further the Parisutthod which represented the delicacy good practices following the approaches eof language and played an important role in of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho in tthe Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho’s teaching and educational institutes in the curriculum,c guiding of good practices for the Buddhists. learning management, and researcha requiring the executives and teacherstr in disseminating Recommendation and creatinge the participation with the 1. Policy recommendations communityR in transferring such issues in The relevant organization which is various forms following the ideas in proposing the Provincial Education Bureau, through the development process of general the Provincial Education Commission, people by focusing on the development should stipulate the policies to put the of educational institutes. This required the guidelines of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho teachers in the management directly and into further practice. Especially in the there must be the promotion and support educational institutes, there should be from the executives (Panich, 2017). Including the operation in the curriculum, learning

ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 74 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN management, researches, dissemination, and Parisuttho. (2) There should be the study in participation created with the community creating the form of learning management in furthering such issue in various forms. following the guidelines and way of The provincial cultural bureau of Nakhon practices of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho. Ratchasima Province should enforce in (3) There should be the study of personnel raising the awareness on the givingness and development following the guidelines and the intellectual development as guided by way of practices of Luang Phor Khoon Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho to people by Parisuttho. (4) There should be the study and establishing the working team to interpret analysis on the outstanding characteristics such values by arranging the activities to of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho and the raise the values in arranging the contest and study of approaches in furthering such issue seminar to encourage and further. particularly before the expansion to other 2. Practical recommendations issues. (1) The relevant agencies should plan, e operate, monitor, support the operation, References l and estimate the operation on the practices CardioOK. 2012. Develop people,ic develop following the guidelines of Luang Phor Khoon the organizations.t Retrieved October 5, 2015, fromr http://www.cardiook. Parisuttho. (2) People and group of people should study, assess, and perform the net/content/view/23-A พัฒนาคน- พัฒนาองคกร -ตอนที่3.html operation following the practices of Luang Phor Khoon Parisuttho as well as assessing Jitradab,d S. 2014. Challenge of learning in their self-development in givingness and e the 21st century. Meeting and t presentation of national academic intellect. (3) People, group of people, c performance for the 2nd time on and agencies participating in furthering the practices following thea guidelines of the development of educational r quality in the 21st century. Nakhon Luang Phor Khoon tParisuttho should give knowledge ande data initially and further in Ratchasima, Thailand. the integrationR form with the creation of Lussier, R. N. & Achua, C. F. 2007. Leadership: goodness and other activities by practicing. Theory, Application, Skill rd 3. Recommendations for further Development (3 ed.). Mason, Ohio: researches (1) There should be the Thomson/SouthWestern. monitoring on the operation following the Mahar, T. A. 2004. An examination of approaches to the development of Thai the MLQ and development of people in accordance with the guidelines the transformational leadership and way of practices of Luang Phor Khoon questionnaire. (Master’s thesis, Saint Mary University).

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ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THAILAND 78 UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRIDHORN