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Czulda Polityka Bezpieczenstwa.Pdf
Robert Czulda – Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politologicz- nych Zakład Teorii Polityki i Myśli Politycznej, 90–127 Łódź, ul. Składowa 41/43 RECENZENT Jarosław Gryz REDAKTOR WYDAWNICTWA UŁ Elżbieta Marciszewska-Kowalczyk SKŁAD I ŁAMANIE AGENT PR PROJEKT OKŁADKI Łukasz Orzechowski Zdjęcie wykorzystane na okładce: © Depositphotos.com/swisshippo © Copyright by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2014 Wydane przez Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Wydanie I. W.06278.13.0.D ISBN 978-83-7969-153-1 (wersja papierowa) ISBN 978-83-7969-495-2 (wersja elektroniczna) https://doi.org/10.18778/7969-153-1 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 90-131 Łódź, ul. Lindleya 8 www.wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl e-mail: [email protected] tel. (42) 665 58 63, faks (42) 665 58 62 SPIS TREŚCI WPROWADZENIE ................................................................................................................. 7 ROZDZIAŁ I Brytyjska ocena strategiczna środowiska bezpieczeństwa ................................................... 33 Ocena zagrożeń i prognoza rozwoju sytuacji w latach 1944–1945 ............................. 33 Od nadziei do konfrontacji (1945–1947) ......................................................................... 46 Wpływ broni nuklearnej na ocenę zagrożeń ................................................................... 59 Strategia trzech fi larów a środowisko międzynarodowe (1948–1950) ......................... 71 Wojna w Korei i próby odprężenia – od obaw do nadziei (1950–1955) ..................... 94 ROZDZIAŁ II Multilateralne -
A World First Which Affects Everybody D.J
A WORLD FIRST WHICH AFFECTS EVERYBODY D.J. Farrar O.B.E. , M.A., C.Eng., F.R.Ae.S., Hon. F.I.E.D. An historic event is one that affects you, and affects everybody. How many computers do you have in your house? Not the one you use, the ones that control things - in the refrigerator, in your car, in the washing machine, etc. Recently the professional institutions have been researching where and how Process Control by Computer was achieved for the first time. The answer is that it was achieved in Britain, and the new aero museum in Bristol will feature it because it has been rebuilt by a team of enthusiasts. It controls an anti aircraft fire unit and the Bloodhound 2 guided weapon, both on the ground and in flight, and was one reason for the very long service life it had. The computer involved is the Ferranti Argus. HOW IT CAME ABOUT Digital computers for process control were developed at the end of the 1950s. They had different design objectives from computers for scientific or commercial use. The Ferranti Argus was among the first computers world- wide used for direct digital control. The Argus was invented at Ferranti's Wythenshawe Automation Division, Manchester, by Maurice Gribble. If credit for 'invention' must be assigned, it should go to the person or team that first had a clear vision of the principle, saw its potential, fought for its acceptance and brought it fully into satisfactory use. The Ferranti Argus computer was built by an automation group, not a computer division. -
The Connection
The Connection ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2011: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2011 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 978-0-,010120-2-1 Printed by 3indrush 4roup 3indrush House Avenue Two Station 5ane 3itney O72. 273 1 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President 8arshal of the Royal Air Force Sir 8ichael Beetham 4CB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air 8arshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-8arshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman 4roup Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary 4roup Captain K J Dearman 8embership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol A8RAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA 8embers Air Commodore 4 R Pitchfork 8BE BA FRAes 3ing Commander C Cummings *J S Cox Esq BA 8A *AV8 P Dye OBE BSc(Eng) CEng AC4I 8RAeS *4roup Captain A J Byford 8A 8A RAF *3ing Commander C Hunter 88DS RAF Editor A Publications 3ing Commander C 4 Jefford 8BE BA 8anager *Ex Officio 2 CONTENTS THE BE4INNIN4 B THE 3HITE FA8I5C by Sir 4eorge 10 3hite BEFORE AND DURIN4 THE FIRST 3OR5D 3AR by Prof 1D Duncan 4reenman THE BRISTO5 F5CIN4 SCHOO5S by Bill 8organ 2, BRISTO5ES -
The Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “Jump Jet”
The University of Manchester Research Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Aylen, J., & Pryce, M. (2011). Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. In host publication Published in: host publication Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:29. Sep. 2021 Draft for joint Herbert Simon Institute/Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Seminar, 1st April 2011 Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions ‐ the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Jonathan Aylen* and Mike Pryce* Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Manchester Business School University of Manchester “Every aeroplane is different ‐ a self‐optimising shambles” Ralph Hooper, Harrier project designer Aerospace engineers face the task of developing a project from overall design concept through to working prototype and on into sustained use. -
Roy Dommett Interviewed by Dr Thomas Lean
NATIONAL LIFE STORIES AN ORAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SCIENCE Roy Dommett Interviewed by Dr Thomas Lean C1379/14 © The British Library Board http://sounds.bl.uk IMPORTANT This interview and transcript is accessible via http://sounds.bl.uk . © The British Library Board. Please refer to the Oral History curators at the British Library prior to any publication or broadcast from this document. Oral History The British Library 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7412 7404 [email protected] Every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this transcript, however no transcript is an exact translation of the spoken word, and this document is intended to be a guide to the original recording, not replace it. Should you find any errors please inform the Oral History curators. © The British Library Board http://sounds.bl.uk The British Library National Life Stories Interview Summary Sheet Title Page Ref no: C1379/14 Collection title: An Oral History Of British Science Interviewee’s Dommett Title: Mr surname: Interviewee’s Roy Sex: Male forename: Occupation: Rocket scientist, Date and place of birth: 25th June 1933 aeronautical engineer. Mother’s occupation: Father’s occupation: Painter and decorator Dates of recording, Compact flash cards used, tracks (from – to): March 18 (1-3), April 13 (4-5), April 20 (6-10), 20 July (11-14), 16 September (15-19) 2010 Location of interview: Interviewee’s home, Fleet. Name of interviewer: Thomas Lean Type of recorder: Marantz PMD661 on secure digital [tracks 1 - 10] and Marantz PMD660 on compact flash [tracks 11 - 19] Recording format : WAV 24 bit 48 kHz (tracks 1 - 10), WAV 16 bit 48 kHz (Tracks 11-19). -
A History of the United Kingdom's WE 177 Nuclear Weapons Programme
MARCH 2019 A History of the United Kingdom’s WE 177 Nuclear Weapons Programme From Conception to Entry into Service 1959– 1980 Dr John R. Walker © The British American Security Information Council (BASIC), 2018 All images licenced for reuse under Creative Commons 2.0 and Wikimedia Commons or with the approriate permission and sourcing. The opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility The British American Security of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of BASIC. Information Council (BASIC) 17 Oval Way All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be London SE11 5RR reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or Charity Registration No. 1001081 any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. T: +44 (0) 20 3752 5662 www.basicint.org Please direct all enquiries to the publishers. The Author BASIC Dr John R Walker is the Head of the Arms Control The British American Security Information Council and Disarmament Research Unit (ACDRU) at the (BASIC) is an independent think tank and registered Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, and charity based in Central London, promoting has worked in ACDRU since March 1985. He innovative ideas and international dialogue on currently focuses on the Chemical Weapons nuclear disarmament, arms control, and Convention (CWC), the Biological and Toxin nonproliferation. Since 1987, we’ve been at the Weapons Convention (BTWC), the Comprehensive forefront of global efforts to build trust and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the UN Secretary- cooperation on some of the world’s most General’s Mechanism, and arms control verification progressive global peace and security initiatives, more generally. -
Urban Air Mobility − Focus Unstable Approaches and Data Mining Can the Uk Join the Hypersonics Race?
AEROSPACE March 2020 URBAN AIR MOBILITY − FOCUS UNSTABLE APPROACHES AND DATA MINING CAN THE UK JOIN THE HYPERSONICS RACE? www.aerosociety.com Marc h 2020 V olume 47 Number 3 IN THE BIGGEST CRISIS IN ITS boeing104-YEAR HISTORY − WHAT NEXT FOR THE AEROSPACE GIANT? Royal A eronautical Society blues Unpaid memberships will lapse on 31 March 2020 Membership fees were due on 1 January - Don’t forget to pay your subscription before it expires* As per the Society’s Regulations, unpaid How to renew: memberships will lapse on 31 March 2020 and all memberships will be suspended where a Online: Log in to your account on the Society’s payment for an individual subscription has not website to pay at: been received before this date. This excludes www.aerosociety.com/login members paying their annual subscriptions by Direct Debit in monthly instalments. If you do not have an account, you can register Your membership benefits include: online and pay your subscription straight away. ⚫ Your monthly subscription to AEROSPACE Telephone: Call the Subscriptions Department magazine on: ⚫ Use of your RAeS post nominals, as applicable +44 (0)20 7670 4315 / 4304 ⚫ Access to over 400 global events yearly Cheque: Cheques should be made payable to ⚫ Discounted rates for conferences the Royal Aeronautical Society and sent to the ⚫ Online publications including Society News, Subscriptions Department at No.4 Hamilton blogs and podcasts Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK. ⚫ Involvement with your local Branch BACS Transfer: Pay by Bank Transfer (or by BACS) into the Society’s bank account, quoting ⚫ Networking opportunities your name and membership number. -
Britain‟S Nuclear Command, Control and Operations
復興崗學報 民 95,87 期,359-392 Britain‟s Nuclear Command, Control and Operations Cheng Ta-chen Abstract Nuclear command and control systems allow the execution of wartime missions in conformity with the given nuclear strategy and include strict measures to eliminate the possibility of unauthorised or accidental firing of weapons. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by investigating the British case. As far as targeting and operations were concerned, Britain‟s nuclear targeting and operation plans of strategic weapons were at two levels: the joint NATO operation and national targeting. In terms of tactical nuclear weapons, all three of Britain‟s armed forces in the Cold War possessed tactical nuclear weapons. Most tactical nuclear weapons in Europe were provided by the Americans, but the British had their own tactical nuclear stockpile. The small number of Britain‟s tactical nuclear weapons could perhaps be insignificant militarily, but they formed an important political commitment to the Alliance. Keywords:nuclear weapons, Britain, NATO, command and control, Moscow Criterion I must thank the precious comments from Dr Eric Grove, Professor John Simpson and Dr Thomas Kane. 359 Britain‟s Nuclear Command, Control and Operations 1.Introduction This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by investigating issues about how Britain‟s nuclear weapons were commanded and controlled, how they were operated in various military and political situations, and how targets were selected. Such discussions and analysis are vital to scrutinise Britain‟s nuclear strategies and force postures. 2.Nuclear Command, Control and Communications of Strategic Nuclear Weapons Command and Control (C2) 2-1 Command and Control Ultimately, Britain‟s strategic nuclear weapons have always been under national political control. -
Records of the British Aviation Industry in the Raf Museum: a Brief Guide
RECORDS OF THE BRITISH AVIATION INDUSTRY IN THE RAF MUSEUM: A BRIEF GUIDE Contents Introduction 2 Section 1: Background to the collection 2 Arrangement of this Guide 3 Access to the records 3 Glossary of terms 4 The British aircraft industry: an overview 3 Section 2: Company histories and description of records 6 Appendix The British Aircraft Industry: a bibliography 42 1 Introduction The RAF Museum holds what is probably Britain's most comprehensive collection of records relating to companies involved in the manufacture of airframes (i.e. aircraft less their engines) aero-engines, components and associated equipment. The entries in this guide are arranged by company name and include a history of each company, particularly its formation and that of subsidiaries together with mergers and take-overs. Brief details of the records, the relevant accession numbers and any limitations on access are given. Where the records have been listed this is indicated. A glossary of terms specific to the subject area is also included, together with an index. Background to the Collection The Museum's archive department began collecting records in the late 1960s and targeted a number of firms. Although many of the deposits were arranged through formal approaches by the Museum to companies, a significant number were offered by company staff: a significant example is the Supermarine archive (AC 70/4) including some 50,000 drawings, which would have been burnt had an employee not contacted the Museum. The collections seem to offer a bias towards certain types of record, notably drawings and production records, rather than financial records and board minutes. -
Innovation Studies and the History of Technology
Trying to secure the past: innovation studies and the history of technology A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the Faculty of Humanities Jonathan Aylen 2018 1 Contents page Listing of Publications 3 Abstract 4 Declaration 5 Copyright Statement 5 Jonathan Aylen, Statement of Eligibility 6 Introduction 1. Selection of a coherent set of papers 8 2. Historical methods in the study of technology 23 3. The nature of the innovation process 30 4. Lessons from innovation research 41 5. Bibliography 46 6. Corrections and updates 57 7. Impact of this research 59 Papers Blue Danube - Britain’s post-war atomic bomb 61 Stretch - how innovation continues once investment is made 62 Bloodhound - building the Ferranti Argus process control computer 63 Open versus closed innovation - development of the wide strip mill for steel 64 Construction of the Shotton wide strip mill 65 Development of computer applications in the iron and steel industry 66 2 “Trying to secure the past: innovation studies and the history of technology” "People work much in order to secure the future; I gave my mind much work and trouble, trying to secure the past" Isak Dinesen/also known as Karen von Blixen-Finecke (1885-1962), Shadows on the Grass, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990, essay “Echoes from the Hills”, p.116 papers: 1. Jonathan Aylen, “First waltz: development and deployment of Blue Danube, Britain’s post-war atomic bomb”, The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, vol. 85, no.1, January 2015, pp.31-59 2. -
Trident Replacement: the Practical Implications
Trident Replacement: the practical implications Presentation to British Pugwash AGM 8 April 2008 J ohn Ainslie Coordinator, Scottish CND Trident Replacement Submarine Missile Warhead Targeting “Successor” Submarine New submarine Timeline 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Concept Design Initial Design Detail Design Outputs Initial Gate Build Main Gate Nuclear-Powered Submarines 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Astut Successor MUFC e Reactor for “Successor” Rolls Royal Royce Navy PWR2 New Design New Generation Nuclear Propulsion Plant (NGNPP) “avoid pumped flow systems” Steve Ludham RR “a modern & much simpler plant” Rear Admiral Matthews USS Narwhal (1969 – 1999) When built - quietest submarine Continuous Patrols One armed submarine on patrol at all times Alert – “measured in days” non-verifiable “our planned future programme should take us up to 750 [patrols]” Rear Admiral Matthews Patrols 1968-2007 300 2008-2060 ? 450 Total 750 Infrastructure - Devonport Refit Dockyard Infrastructure - Derby Fuel Rod Fabrication Infrastructure - Faslane Submarine Base and Shiplift Infrastructure - Coulport Explosives Handling J etty Infrastructure - Dounreay Submarine Reactor Prototype & overhaul of coolant pumps The Scottish Question “the Parliament … calls on the UK Government not to go ahead at this time with the proposal in the White Paper, The Future of the United Kingdom’s Nuclear Deterrent” 14 June 2007 71 for 16 against 39 abstained 2 did not vote If not Scotland where ? 1963 Polaris option - Falmouth Trident Replacement Submarine Missile -
Blue Steel – the V Force’S Stand-Off Bomb Air Commodore Norman Bonnor Fraes, FRIN, RAF (Ret’D)
7 May 2019 Blue Steel – The V Force’s Stand-off Bomb Air Commodore Norman Bonnor FRAeS, FRIN, RAF (ret’d) This was a lecture from a speaker whose years in front-line operations, as a navigator in Vulcan and Victor in the Cold War era, ensured that he had much to say, and knew how to combine stories into a well-formatted, enjoyable and very informative presentation. The thread throughout was a timeline through the period from when the stand-off bomb was conceived, to the day it was rendered un-operational. Information, about the V-bomber fleet and the circumstances associated with landmarks not likely to be forgotten in history, and salient moments in his involvements in the front-line, were mixed seamlessly. It was akin to listening to a story, but on referring to notes it was a deluge of data, knowledge and often as anecdotal as it was engaging. Figure 1. Avro Vulcan B Mk.2 with Blue Steel stand-off bomb The backdrop was the ‘Cold War’ (1946-1991) that existed between Warsaw Pact and NATO forces. The events of the period – Berlin Airlift, the US-Soviet Space Race, Cuba missile crisis, and eventually the dismantling of the Berlin Wall – has all been elements relevant to a stand-off between the West and the East, and all associated to a common desire to maintain the belief that each was as equally certain of the other’s dedication to a policy often called MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction). Nuclear warheads were being made and used to torment on either side, and the delivery of a bomb by aircraft was the option each could brandish at the other.