Innovation Studies and the History of Technology
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The Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “Jump Jet”
Draft for joint Herbert Simon Institute/Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Seminar, 1st April 2011 Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions ‐ the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Jonathan Aylen* and Mike Pryce* Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Manchester Business School University of Manchester “Every aeroplane is different ‐ a self‐optimising shambles” Ralph Hooper, Harrier project designer Aerospace engineers face the task of developing a project from overall design concept through to working prototype and on into sustained use. Engineers often work in small groups when developing an initial concept. Once the basic concept has been agreed they may work in similarly small groups, or as part of larger teams to develop key components of a system. At this stage key design tasks are defined and delegated and then the resulting components are tested and integrated to build a prototype (Vincenti, 1990). Individual sub‐assemblies are usually developed in parallel. So, aeronautical engineering is often seen as a cyclical process of analysis and synthesis, although in practice it is seldom so neat and linear, as the opening quote from a leading practitioner, Ralph Hooper, illustrates. The nature of engineering design is complex, with designers having to cope with many systems and components interacting in dynamic ways. The breadth and depth of knowledge required means no one person can carry out all the tasks of engineering design. Group or team working is essential. Engineering design is an innately social activity. However, mastering the specific skills of any one discipline, and also learning how to utilise the knowledge gained within the group or team, often depends on the abilities of key individuals. -
Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. -
Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153
Appendix 1 Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153 Introduction The Elliott 152 computer was part of the Admiralty’s MRS5 (medium range system 5) naval gunnery project, described in Chap. 2. The Elliott 153 computer, also known as the D/F (direction-finding) computer, was built for GCHQ and the Admiralty as described in Chap. 3. The information in this appendix is intended to supplement the overall descriptions of the machines as given in Chaps. 2 and 3. A1.1 The Elliott 152 Work on the MRS5 contract at Borehamwood began in October 1946 and was essen- tially finished in 1950. Novel target-tracking radar was at the heart of the project, the radar being synchronized to the computer’s clock. In his enthusiasm for perfecting the radar technology, John Coales seems to have spent little time on what we would now call an overall systems design. When Harry Carpenter joined the staff of the Computing Division at Borehamwood on 1 January 1949, he recalls that nobody had yet defined the way in which the control program, running on the 152 computer, would interface with guns and radar. Furthermore, nobody yet appeared to be working on the computational algorithms necessary for three-dimensional trajectory predic- tion. As for the guns that the MRS5 system was intended to control, not even the basic ballistics parameters seemed to be known with any accuracy at Borehamwood [1, 2]. A1.1.1 Communication and Data-Rate The physical separation, between radar in the Borehamwood car park and digital computer in the laboratory, necessitated an interconnecting cable of about 150 m in length. -
Fort Halstead Pre-Application Consultation Exhibition
WELCOME PURPOSE OF THE CONSULTATION EXHIBITION Welcome to Fort Halstead, a government Defence Science and Research site which It is also important to us, Sevenoaks District Council and QinetiQ that the final is owned by Merseyside Pension Fund, occupied currently by the government and scheme is deliverable expediently, which is why the application will be submitted QinetiQ (a defence technology company). Planning permission was granted in as a ‘hybrid’ planning application, comprising a detailed application for a mixed- ‘outline’ for homes and employment land to enable the site to be developed upon use Village Centre, and an outline application for the main residential and the site being vacated by the government for its current use in 2021. employment land parcels. The changing planning landscape and emerging Local Plan have presented an We wish to hear your thoughts on our emerging proposals. Once we have opportunity for a new planning application to be prepared in order to optimise considered the responses and finalised the technical studies and assessments, we the design and deliverability of the masterplan, and deliver much needed jobs and propose to submit the hybrid planning application to Sevenoaks District Council homes for the District. in Spring 2019. You can submit your comments to us in the following ways: The purpose of this consultation exhibition is to get your views on the emerging • Speaking to members of the design and technical proposals being prepared for Fort Halstead. We have considered the key aspects of the site which need to continue to be secured, including the provision of jobs, team who are in attendance at the exhibition; retention of QinetiQ, provision of homes, heritage enhancement and restoration, • Leaving comments on a feedback form; protection and enhancement of the AONB, open space, landscape and biodiversity • Emailing your comments to [email protected] improvements and management and the provision of sustainable community facilities. -
THE DECEMBER SALE Collectors’ Motor Cars, Motorcycles and Automobilia Thursday 10 December 2015 RAF Museum, London
THE DECEMBER SALE Collectors’ Motor Cars, Motorcycles and Automobilia Thursday 10 December 2015 RAF Museum, London THE DECEMBER SALE Collectors' Motor Cars, Motorcycles and Automobilia Thursday 10 December 2015 RAF Museum, London VIEWING Please note that bids should be ENQUIRIES CUSTOMER SERVICES submitted no later than 16.00 Wednesday 9 December Motor Cars Monday to Friday 08:30 - 18:00 on Wednesday 9 December. 10.00 - 17.00 +44 (0) 20 7468 5801 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 Thereafter bids should be sent Thursday 10 December +44 (0) 20 7468 5802 fax directly to the Bonhams office at from 9.00 [email protected] Please see page 2 for bidder the sale venue. information including after-sale +44 (0) 8700 270 089 fax or SALE TIMES Motorcycles collection and shipment [email protected] Automobilia 11.00 +44 (0) 20 8963 2817 Motorcycles 13.00 [email protected] Please see back of catalogue We regret that we are unable to Motor Cars 14.00 for important notice to bidders accept telephone bids for lots with Automobilia a low estimate below £500. +44 (0) 8700 273 618 SALE NUMBER Absentee bids will be accepted. ILLUSTRATIONS +44 (0) 8700 273 625 fax 22705 New bidders must also provide Front cover: [email protected] proof of identity when submitting Lot 351 CATALOGUE bids. Failure to do so may result Back cover: in your bids not being processed. ENQUIRIES ON VIEW Lots 303, 304, 305, 306 £30.00 + p&p AND SALE DAYS (admits two) +44 (0) 8700 270 090 Live online bidding is IMPORTANT INFORMATION available for this sale +44 (0) 8700 270 089 fax BIDS The United States Government Please email [email protected] has banned the import of ivory +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 with “Live bidding” in the subject into the USA. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://eprints.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Knowledge Accumulation and Vaccine Innovation: Lessons from Polio and HIV/AIDS Ohid Yaqub Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex Submitted in September 2008 ii I hereby declare that this thesis has not been submitted, either in the same or different form, to this or any other university for a degree. Ohid Yaqub iii To my parents and Corinne, Two worlds that should not be separate. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and supervised by Paul Nightingale. Paul is a supervisor who is extremely generous with his time, ideas and encouragement; and who manages to make academia look extremely fun. His energy and enthusiasm were most important to me when I really thought the ship was sinking. I cannot thank him enough and feel privileged to have worked with him. My first opportunity to pursue some of the ideas in this thesis was under the supervision of Ed Steinmueller and Aldo Geuna. -
The Royal Aeronautical Society Incorporating the Institution of Aeronautical Engineers and the Helicopter Association of Great Britain
Journal of THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY INCORPORATING THE INSTITUTION OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERS AND THE HELICOPTER ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 4 HAMILTON PLACE, LONDON, W.l Telephone: Grosvenor 3515-9 Advertisements only: J. W. Williams, D.F.C., Telegrams: Didaskalos, Magazine Advertising Ltd., London, W.l. SUBSCRIPTIONS: £7 10s. Od. PER ANNUM, PLUS 9S. POSTAGE AND PACKING 36-38 Whitefriars St., SINGLE COPIES: 12S. 6d. PLUS 9d. POSTAGE AND PACKING London E.C.4. Fleet Street 7539 VOLUME 67 NOVEMBER 1963 NUMBER 635 CONTENTS PAGE Notices LXXIII A Message from the President—A.I.A.A. Membership Dues—Honours Awarded to Members—Laurence Hargrave Notebooks—Fellows—The Kronfeld Club—Diary—General Aircraft Cygnet G-AFVR Historic Aircraft 1939—Other Meetings—Elections—News of Members—Lecture Summaries. The Branches LXXVII Graduates' and Students' Section LXXVIII Towards Better Structures. A Symposium Materials J. FIELDING 685 Structural Design R. J. ATKINSON 692 The Production Aspects T. 0. WILLIAMS 696 Structural Development H. R. ASHLEY 701 Computer Applications in the Development of Efficient Aircraft Structures I. C. TAIG 706 Discussion Magnetic Suspension and Balance System for Wind Tunnel Application j. E. CHRISINGER, E. L. TILTON, W. J. PARKIN, J. B. COFFIN and E. E. COVERT 717 The Design of Contra-Rotating Fans A. R. COLLAR 725 Technical Notes 731 Velocities Induced by the Vortex Wake of a Propeller in a Duct— R. HICKLING. Performance of a Diffuser with Fully Developed Pipe Flow at Entry—P. BRADSHAW. Buckling of Bars of Variable Rigidity with Varying Axial Loading—K. T. SUNDARA RAJA"IYENGAR and s. -
The Secret History of Australia's Nuclear Ambitions
Jim Walsh SURPRISE DOWN UNDER: THE SECRET HISTORY OF AUSTRALIAS NUCLEAR AMBITIONS by Jim Walsh Jim Walsh is a visiting scholar at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is also a Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science program at MIT, where he is completing a dissertation analyzing comparative nuclear decisionmaking in Australia, the Middle East, and Europe. ustralia is widely considered tactical nuclear weapons. In 1961, of state behavior and the kinds of Ato be a world leader in ef- Australia proposed a secret agree- policies that are most likely to retard forts to halt and reverse the ment for the transfer of British the spread of nuclear weapons? 1 spread of nuclear weapons. The nuclear weapons, and, throughout This article attempts to answer Australian government created the the 1960s, Australia took actions in- some of these questions by examin- Canberra Commission, which called tended to keep its nuclear options ing two phases in Australian nuclear for the progressive abolition of open. It was not until 1973, when history: 1) the attempted procure- nuclear weapons. It led the fight at Australia ratified the NPT, that the ment phase (1956-1963); and 2) the the U.N. General Assembly to save country finally renounced the acqui- indigenous capability phase (1964- the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty sition of nuclear weapons. 1972). The historical reconstruction (CTBT), and the year before, played Over the course of four decades, of these events is made possible, in a major role in efforts to extend the Australia has gone from a country part, by newly released materials Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of that once sought nuclear weapons to from the Australian National Archive Nuclear Weapons (NPT) indefi- one that now supports their abolition. -
Pioneers to Partners, British Aircraft Since 1945
Pioneers to Partners British Aircraft since 1945 Christopher Foyle & Leo Marriott Foreword by Marshal of the Royal Air Force, HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT spsfojd |EuoiiEUJ9iu| JO(EW snojauunu in jguiJEd |Eiiu9ss9 PUE lUEiJodum UE s\ Xjisnpm UOjlEjAE IjSjljjg 31)1 9J9l|M UOjlEnijS UJ9pOLJU 91)1 01 iinds puE s9|i!)Euosj9d §uu99iioid uo iijnq Xjisnpui UE LJUOJJ 9§UEip ss9|iu9|9J inq 9|iqns 91)1 SUElp >|00q 91)1 '9)111 9lfl. Uj p91E|nsdEDU9 sy 'sdjijSJiB U9A9 puE sj9p||2 'si|mq-9uuoq p S||E19p j9Uq §U|A!§ S9D|pU9ddE l)l|M S|Enp!Alpll! plIE S9!UEdlUOD J9||EUUS 91)1 3-1 H U9HO§JOj 1O[\J uojinquiuoD JofEiu E 9pEUJ SEIJ /Jisnpin qsjiug 9J9qM s9iuuuEj2ojd |Euo!iEUJ9iui jo spnpojd 9SOLJ1 SE ||9M SE pOU3d IBljl UlljljM l^EJDJjE l|mq l)SI!Ug /J9A9JO 'J9pJO )ED!§0|OUOJl)D Uj 'S|jB13p SujpjAOjd Xq A'JOIS ai)i SujiEJisn)!! '/Ep iu9S9jd 91)1 01 c^6|, iiiojj AJisnpu! ^EJDJJE ijsiiug 91)1 Uj 9§UEl)D 91)1 SlJEljD SJ9UJJDJ OJ SJ33L/0/J 'lU9JEddE X||pE9J S/EM|E 10 u sj Xijiuspi qsjiug 3i|i q§noqi|E p9iu9S9jd9j ||9M 9J9M S1SJ1U9DS pUE SJ99U|§U9 'SgjUEduUOD l)SjlUg tpjljM Ul EI1JOSUOD IEUOJ1EUJ91UI Ol p9| S9UUlUEJ§Ojd lU9LJUdO|9A9p l^EJDJIE JOfEUU JO 1SOD pUE 9|EDS J991JS 91)1 X||EniU9Ag S9iEJ9uuo|§uoD lEUisnpuj J9§JE| oiui pgqjosqE X||EnpEJ§ 9J9M pUE||!AE|-) 9p pUE (OlSjjg 'OJA\/ SE ipns S9UUEU snouiiEj PUE Xjisnpui IJEJDJJE 3i)i UjqijM SUOHESJIEJUOIIEJ JOfElU Ol p9| XiqEUEAUj S9pED9p JEMlSOd 31)1 JO Xll|E9J 3l)_|_ 'SS9DDnS LjljM p9UMOJD SXEM|E 1OU 9J9M SIJOJ-P 9S91J1 E qi|M s|i)i uo p|inq 01 iqSnos PUE uo|S|ndojd 13 [ Uj J9pE9| p|JOM 91)1 -
Adelphi Mpt'r Prince Georges County V^'~\ Maryland , R
AURORA PULSED RADIATION SIMULATOR HAER No. MD-114 United States Army Research Laboratory, Building 500 North of State Route 212, .5 miles west of Cherry Hill Road Adelphi MPt'R Prince Georges County V^'~\ Maryland _ , r. BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service Northeast Region Philadelphia Support Office U.S. Custom House 200 Chestnut Street Philadelphai, Pennsylvania 19106 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD . > )?-$*%)} AURORA PULSED RADIATION SIMULATOR ^_ ' HAER No. MD- 114 Location^ United States Army Research Laboratory, Building 500, north of State Route 212, . 5 miles west of Cherry Hill Road, Adelphi, Prince Georges County, Maryland UTM Coordinates: 18.330730.4322210 Date of Construetion: 1969-1971 Present Owners; United States Army [Infrastructure] Defense Nuclear Agency [Simulator] Present Use: Decommissioned; Simulator Disassembled Significance: The Aurora Pulsed Radiation Simulator was the first gamma radiation simulator of its size and capacity built in the world. The simulator achieved a new plateau of nuclear effects simulation, able to test complete weapons electronics packages critical for both strategic and tactical nuclear weapons design. During the first half of its life, the Aurora Simulator primarily served military agencies and contractors in testing the warheads of intercontinental ballistic missiles [ICBMs]; during the second half of its life, the facility expanded its technical capabilities to test the hardening of very large finished systems, such as those for satellites. Project Information: During 1995-1996, the Aurora Simulator is being disassembled inside its reinforced- concrete infrastructure. Removal of three- quarters of the capacitors in the Marx tank occurred in early 19 95, with shipment to Arnold AFB, Tennessee, for reuse in the simulator Decade. -
Czulda Polityka Bezpieczenstwa.Pdf
Robert Czulda – Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politologicz- nych Zakład Teorii Polityki i Myśli Politycznej, 90–127 Łódź, ul. Składowa 41/43 RECENZENT Jarosław Gryz REDAKTOR WYDAWNICTWA UŁ Elżbieta Marciszewska-Kowalczyk SKŁAD I ŁAMANIE AGENT PR PROJEKT OKŁADKI Łukasz Orzechowski Zdjęcie wykorzystane na okładce: © Depositphotos.com/swisshippo © Copyright by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2014 Wydane przez Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Wydanie I. W.06278.13.0.D ISBN 978-83-7969-153-1 (wersja papierowa) ISBN 978-83-7969-495-2 (wersja elektroniczna) https://doi.org/10.18778/7969-153-1 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 90-131 Łódź, ul. Lindleya 8 www.wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl e-mail: [email protected] tel. (42) 665 58 63, faks (42) 665 58 62 SPIS TREŚCI WPROWADZENIE ................................................................................................................. 7 ROZDZIAŁ I Brytyjska ocena strategiczna środowiska bezpieczeństwa ................................................... 33 Ocena zagrożeń i prognoza rozwoju sytuacji w latach 1944–1945 ............................. 33 Od nadziei do konfrontacji (1945–1947) ......................................................................... 46 Wpływ broni nuklearnej na ocenę zagrożeń ................................................................... 59 Strategia trzech fi larów a środowisko międzynarodowe (1948–1950) ......................... 71 Wojna w Korei i próby odprężenia – od obaw do nadziei (1950–1955) ..................... 94 ROZDZIAŁ II Multilateralne -
A World First Which Affects Everybody D.J
A WORLD FIRST WHICH AFFECTS EVERYBODY D.J. Farrar O.B.E. , M.A., C.Eng., F.R.Ae.S., Hon. F.I.E.D. An historic event is one that affects you, and affects everybody. How many computers do you have in your house? Not the one you use, the ones that control things - in the refrigerator, in your car, in the washing machine, etc. Recently the professional institutions have been researching where and how Process Control by Computer was achieved for the first time. The answer is that it was achieved in Britain, and the new aero museum in Bristol will feature it because it has been rebuilt by a team of enthusiasts. It controls an anti aircraft fire unit and the Bloodhound 2 guided weapon, both on the ground and in flight, and was one reason for the very long service life it had. The computer involved is the Ferranti Argus. HOW IT CAME ABOUT Digital computers for process control were developed at the end of the 1950s. They had different design objectives from computers for scientific or commercial use. The Ferranti Argus was among the first computers world- wide used for direct digital control. The Argus was invented at Ferranti's Wythenshawe Automation Division, Manchester, by Maurice Gribble. If credit for 'invention' must be assigned, it should go to the person or team that first had a clear vision of the principle, saw its potential, fought for its acceptance and brought it fully into satisfactory use. The Ferranti Argus computer was built by an automation group, not a computer division.