Viriato – Software for Railways

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Viriato – Software for railways

Head Office SMA und Partner AG Gubelstrasse 28 8050 Zurich, Switzerland

Branch Office SMA et associés SA Avenue de la Gare 1 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland

Subsidiaries SMA Rail Consulting + IT, Corp. 2677 North Main Street, Suite 825 Santa Ana, CA 92705, USA

SMA (Deutschland) GmbH Stresemannallee 30 60596 Frankfurt, Germany

SMA (France) SAS 45/47 Rue d’Hauteville 75010 Paris, France [email protected] www.sma-partner.com optimising railways Editorial services SMA und Partner AG, Zurich Visual concept Eggmann-Design, Tann Printing Linkgroup, Zurich

Photo credits

Cover Large photo: Sebastian Terfloth, Dresden Small photo: Panthermedia Page 2 Panthermedia Page 4 David Kaplan, Schwarzenberg, www.myLandscape.ch Page 6 Johannes Fein, Munich, www.feine-fotos.com Page 8 Panthermedia Pages 10/11 Panthermedia Pages 12/13 Ingrid Scheck, Senden Pages 14/15 Rudolf Ganz, Mainz Pages 16/17 Panthermedia Pages 18/19 Ingo Seidlitz, Büdelsdorf Pages 20/21 Sebastian Terfloth, Dresden Pages 22/23 Panthermedia Pages 24/25 Panthermedia Pages 26/27 Panthermedia Pages 28/29 Klaus Schmückle, Kernen-Stetten Pages 30/31 Panthermedia Pages 32/33 Sebastian Terfloth, Dresden Pages 34/35 Sebastian Terfloth, Dresden

Viriato is a powerful integrated Viriato integrates into the entire planning Following a major investment project timetable planning tool that allows process: we have recently developed a new users to optimise the railway planning integrated vehicle rostering module process. ■■Strategic that allows efficient plans to be made Using high-level data to develop initial enabling effective use of rolling stock Since Viriato was first introduced in travel time estimates, rough timetables assets while the timetable is being 1996, it has undergone a continuous and rostering plans that optimise prepared. This module includes auto- process of development to add new vehicle utilisation. Viriato helps mation and optimisation functionality to features and functionality, and has planners identify optimal timetables assist the user in the vehicle planning been recently completely rewritten to by allowing them to easily compare process. take advantage of the latest software alternatives. engineering practices using an up-to- ■■Capacity Viriato allows the user to work with date architecture and technology. As timetable implementation timetable concepts varying in size from Originally focussing on strategic approaches, Viriato can work with aspirational schemes through to fully timetabling, its functionality has now detailed data to refine and share populated national databases, allowing expanded to cover the entire planning timetables between stakeholders. the creation of efficient plans maximis- process, from very long-term ■■Operations ing the usage of network capacity and timetables through to short-term Daily timetables can be prepared rolling stock assets, while providing operational plans. for use by train operators and infra- high quality services to customers. structure managers. Viriato forms a complete timetable Viriato provides timetable planners with planning suite that helps timetable a full suite of applications addressing planners to develop optimal timetables all aspects of the timetable planning for all levels of operations quickly, process. The Viriato interface consists accurately and transparently. Thanks to of the graphic timetable, trip time its unique features, it has established analysis, conflict detection, netgraphs, itself as an integral part of the time platform occupation charts and tabling process at more than 90 com- customer timetables in addition to data panies in 15 countries. manipulation features.

To allow the optimal feature coverage, Viriato has been developed into two parallel products, Viriato Standard for timetables with a high degree of regu- larity, and Viriato Enterprise allowing greater flexibility as the operational requirements emerge.

VIRIATO The right precision

Viriato is the planning tool that covers throughout the application, in both the full planning process from the Viriato Standard and Enterprise versions. strategic through to the operational level. It achieves this through the use Viriato Enterprise extends this concep- of a top-down or “service-centric” tual model further to allow the train methodology where you can freely planner to make the changes to a highly think about the train services that you structured timetable that are needed want to run before aligning them with when faced with commercial variations, the constraints of the network. engineering works and other sources of modifications to the plan. Trains can Unlike other planning tools, in Viriato have their service patterns altered, be you work at a level of data granularity rerouted or use different infrastructure appropriate for the task. A feature- features while retaining their link to the orientated data model lets you concen- original train. trate on planning trains and then adding more detailed information later in the Viriato consistently follows these process. principles to enable train planners to develop their plans, and understand Having the appropriate level of infra- any constraints on their services at an structure data for the current task earlier stage than would otherwise relieves the train planner from maintain be possible. This ensures that Viriato ing an overly detailed infrastructure provides the maximum possible model where unnecessary information information to the train planner at each has to be entered and managed. stage in the process, from conceptual As the timetable implementation date design through to production-ready approaches, Viriato can work with timetables. increasingly detailed data to refine the plan. This prevents the planner from Planners can design efficient time being constrained by having to create tables, allowing them to easily compare an unnecessarily detailed model for the alternative scenarios and identify where task they are working on. changes have been made.

Timetables based on the concept of coordinated interval services provide passengers with excellent services, but are very complicated to develop and evaluate by hand. Viriato was created explicitly for regular-interval timetables and integrates this concept fully

VIRIATO Modern timetabling

Viriato offers the user an efficient ■■The train validity model allows each working environment in which to train to have its own individual validity, create timetables and evaluate their while user defined templates and effectiveness. update functionality helps to maintain complex patterns easily. The program is developed using state- ■■The graphic timetable can be edited of-the-art software engineering tools directly, and the user may retime and techniques, and using object- whole or partial trains simply through oriented architecture offers significantly selecting the relevant portion of a ser- higher performance and better vice. scalability for very large railway ■■Conflict detection enables the user to networks. This architecture allows the eliminate conflicts dynamically simply integration of user-specific functionality by dragging trains on the graphic and interfaces in a consistent manner. timetable or platform occupation view. The latest version of Viriato includes ■■User-defined reports allow detailed a range of features that significantly queries of timetable data to be pro- increase the efficiency of the timetable duced. planning process: ■■Configurable keyboard shortcuts allowing direct access to features. ■■The user interface is consistent ■■The extensible architecture allows throughout the entire program, with the development of bespoke interface an efficient workflow with the infor- to capacity ordering and management mation required on each screen made systems. directly available to the user. ■■The addition or modification of data Viriato can be used with a range of on any screen is reflected in all views, database management systems allowing allowing the planner to visualise and system installations ranging in size manage at a glance the timetable from single users to many hundreds development process. with controlled access rights to data by ■■The undo feature allows the planner name and role. to experiment with alternatives, and to quickly correct any non-optimal changes made. ■■Bulk update functionality speeds up repetitive data entry tasks.

VIRIATO OVERVIEW Modular design to meet your needs

Viriato has been designed with a Optional features (available in both modular architecture allowing the user Viriato Standard and Enterprise): to work with the features that are ■■Vehicle rostering – prepare detailed required for the planning task that they plans of fleet utilisation and are undertaking. As more detail outputs maintenance tasks become necessary, additional modules ■■Conflict detection – verify compliance can be seamlessly integrated into the of the timetable with infrastructure program. constraints ■■Robustness analysis – verify the Viriato Standard features: resilience of the timetable to ■■Netgraph – service-centric view of perturbations caused by operational timetable showing service frequencies incidents and routes ■■Trip time analysis – display in tables ■■Graphic timetable – visualisation of and graphics the journey time train service and interaction between between locations including change trains times, and export data for deeper ■■Customer timetable – tabular analysis presentation of timetable ■■Passenger assignment – algorithms ■■Calendar – set running day patterns to assign passengers to specific to allow timetable variants by day trains based on journey attractiveness ■■Running time calculation – calculate ■■Job management – schedule the precise technical running times execution of long running tasks such ■■Platform occupation – view station as railML exports to run automatically utilisation and resolve capacity in the background constraints ■■Network visualisation map Sometimes the planning workflow ■■railML timetable import/export process will have specific additional requirements not covered by the Viriato Enterprise additional standard features of Viriato. For these features: cases SMA has extensive experience ■■Infrastructure variants – dated changes in developing interfaces to other to the infrastructure during a timetable information-management systems. period projected onto timetable Built-in outputs with standard file ■■Flexible train model – Different formats such as railML offer instant timings, stop patterns and routing compatibility with a wide range of possible within trains on specific third-party applications. dates

NETGRAPH Focusing on service

The introduction of coordinated Viriato was the first planning tool to (“interval”) timetables has led to the successfully combine this netgraph ability to represent timetables in a way with graphic and tabular timetables to that shows both the geographical produce a single integrated planning network and the train times in an tool. efficient manner on a “netgraph”. A single line represents each service (and the corresponding journey in the reverse direction) connecting the stations it passes through on its trip, with the arrival and departure times for each station indicated. The cyclical aspect of the timetable means that a whole repeating family of trains can be covered by one line on the diagram. The connection times between services at a station can be seen at a glance, giving a powerful method for improving the coordination between services for the train planner.

Functionality Display/output

■■Fully integrated with the timetable database – ■■Directly work with trains in the netgraph change train data in one location and it changes ■■Select trains for analysis and illustration using in all Viriato views specific day filters ■■Step-by-step undo function (to last saved ■■Create easy-to-read line maps version) ■■Import and export data between different Viriato ■■Powerful snap-to-grid mechanism supports databases the user in the efficient drawing of netgraphs ■■Separation of views for display on screen and for with a visually compelling layout printing ■■Advanced drawing functions for legends, ■■Copy netgraph to clipboard or export it directly comments, etc. allow the production of ready- to a graphics file (including *.pdf, *.svg) to-print netgraphs ■■Grouping of multiple trains on common sections (e.g. to display an hourly service of several different trains with two-hourly frequency over the same route) to maintain visual clarity

GRAPHIC TIMETABLE Visualise capacity

Graphic timetables represent train Viriato’s highly configurable graphic operations and are pivotal when timetable functionality allows users to determining the interactions between represent the trains according to their trains at a network-wide level. Graphic needs. For example, colours may timetables can also be used to identify indicate different train types (e.g. by the likely rolling stock requirements service group or line), while line for a line and produce initial utilisation thickness may reflect express or plans. regional service. Such customisation gives timetable planners the power to An experienced timetable planner can produce highly descriptive graphical assess the feasibility of a timetable and timetables, and to identify timetable the plan, such as insufficient headways improvements. between services or conflicting movements over a single track section simply by looking at a graphic timetable.

Functionality Display/output

■■Fully integrated with the main planning ■■Display trains for selected time periods of up to database – change something in one location 48 hours and it changes in all Viriato views ■■Use colour to distinguish between train type or ■■Create graphic timetables for selected line status segments ■■Configurable timetable orientation (time axis ■■Directly open a graphic timetable from the train vertical or horizontal) window (for the entire trip or part of a trip) ■■Dynamic zooming of timetable view using ■■Shift a train (or a part of train) in the graphic mouse timetable ■■Free selection of display layout, colours, fonts, etc. ■■Directly edit a train within a graphic timetable ■■Highlighting of the tracks used in line diagram using drag-and-drop ■■Advanced tooltip to instantly display train details ■■Undo function (to last saved version) by ■■Train number of each train always visible in the step-by-step undo and for specific train from list displayed view of edited trains ■■Selectively display time information (arrival, ■■Compare alternatives by overlaying different departure, passing), train characteristics and scenarios footnotes ■■Select trains using filters for operating days and ■■Separation of user and default views, allowing validity periods the user to work in a view configured to their needs while maintaining corporate layout rules on outputs ■■Copy graphic timetable to clipboard or export it to a graphics file (including *.PDF, *.SVG)

CUSTOMER TIMETABLE Facts and figures

The customer timetable is the Timetables also form a clear legal traditional method for presenting the description of the service in terms of schedule of trains along a route. product type, coverage, frequency and/ Indeed, its structure is reflected in the or station calling pattern policy, and etymology of the word timetable itself, are thus indispensable. The functional which refers to the tabular presentation requirements for a customer timetable of times. Despite this long history, vary depending on how it will be used. the customer timetable in Viriato has increased its capabilities. Used in Viriato provides flexible filter possibilities conjunction with the operational and layout settings that permit users modules, such as the graphic timetable, to easily display the desired information. it provides further insights into aspects Viriato also provides an interface of the timetable on rail traffic. that allows customer timetable data to be analysed and/or displayed using MS Excel.

Functionality Display/output

■■Prepare customer timetables for selected line ■■Display timetables for selected time periods of segments or combinations with branches up to 24 hours ■■Directly open trains from the customer timetable ■■Select display of arrival, departure and passing ■■Step-by-step undo function (to last saved version) times ■■Select trains using filters for operating days and ■■Individually show/hide trains in the timetable validity periods ■■Use colour to distinguish between train type or ■■Show the overtaking of trains status ■■Indicate validity changes in a train’s operation ■■Freely select display layout, colours, fonts, etc. ■■Interface with MS Excel ■■High quality PDF printed outputs

CALENDAR Every day is not like Sunday

At the conceptual planning level a assigned to trains. Naturally these can nominal day can be used to develop be modified later on a train specific and evaluate timetables; however, as basis. Viriato generates validity the date of timetable introduction descriptions allowing the user to see at draws near, planners must define the a glance when a train operates. timetable in greater detail to include weekend variations, holidays and other For the efficient management of train service pattern alterations. Actual validities within a timetable, the user operations require day-specific can modify the running days of multiple timetables to allow responses to short- selected trains using a bulk update term changes, such as additional or option. cancelled trains, to be incorporated in the working plan. All output views allow the user to filter by days and dates which trains are To incorporate this flexibility, Viriato has displayed. a train specific validity model allowing the timetable planner to assign any operating pattern to a chosen train, even allowing different validities to trains within a train family. To help manage this process, Viriato allows the definition of template validities that can be

Functionality Display/output

■■Individual validity information stored at the ■■Use calendar view to easily define operating/ train level allowing full operational flexibility in non-operating days by clicking on the required the planning process days using the mouse ■■Efficient creation and reuse of common ■■From within any train view edit the days that this operating patterns through the user of saved service operates templates ■■Automatically generate validity descriptions for ■■Quickly update train validities through batch footnotes in schedules operations ■■Powerful mini-calendar to display effective ■■Display and analyse operations for any individual timings and routing of a train (in Viriato calendar date or selection of dates in the Enterprise version only) netgraph, graphic timetable, customer timetable, station track occupancy plan and arrival/ departure tables ■■Accurately calculate performance figures based on the calendar-based schedule (e.g. train kilometres, number of departures from a station, etc.) ■■Use Viriato’s perpetual calendar to define holidays that change dates every year (e.g. Easter)

RUNNING TIME CALCULATOR Switzerland’s official running times supplier

Accurate train planning requires a to produce highly accurate running detailed knowledge of a train’s times which have been validated by technically feasible running time. The SBB during their daily operations. ability to dynamically recalculate the running time during the planning process The civil engineering characteristics is essential. This allows changes in of the infrastructure such as gradients, rolling stock and infrastructure, such as curvature and speed restrictions are temporary speed restrictions for entered to produce a highly detailed engineering works, to be included in model of the railway. the timetable. Viriato makes it possible to calculate precise running times The Viriato running time calculator based on a wide range of technical and allows users to easily define their own operational parameters. rolling stock types with associated performance characteristics. The running time calculator in Viriato includes the algorithm used by Swiss The Viriato running time calculator Federal Railways (SBB) and by Infrabel integrates fully into the train planning to calculate all their running times in process, and the results are instantly Switzerland and Belgium. This calculator reflected in a train’s running times. allows an unlimited combination of rolling stock types, traction values, dynamic resistances and braking curves

Functionality Display/output

■■Validated industry standard running time ■■Diagram illustrating line speed and train speed calculation engine with optional display of gradients and curve ■■Fully integrated into Viriato profile ■■Gradients, tunnel and curvature information ■■Train line in diagram showing head, middle or ■■Detailed traction and braking system rear of train or both head and rear characteristics definition ■■Log file recording all calculated parameters ■■Multiple infrastructure speed profiles for including energy consumption with MS Excel different vehicle types export ■■User-defined station-specific entry and exit ■■Running time data can be directly transferred to speeds Viriato’s train definition ■■Train configuration changes during train run (e.g. adding or removing vehicles to the consist) ■■User-defined parameters for energy-saving operating techniques ■■Significantly increased performance combined with additional calculation parameters

VEHICLE ROSTERING Maximising asset utilisation

The planning of efficient vehicle rosters The Viriato Vehicle Rostering module is a key activity affecting the economic includes the following features: performance of a railway. The capital cost of rolling stock is high, and the ■■The vehicle rostering process is fully challenges of meeting the service integrated with the timetable. If commitment to passengers and running times or routes are changed, customers, while retaining sufficient this is reflected in the vehicle roster margin for maintenance activities too. User definable tolerances allow requires a coordinated planning the planner to decide what level approach. of change is allowed before a revised roster is required. The Viriato Vehicle Rostering module is ■■The rostering process is undertaken in designed to be fully integrated with a graphical environment. The user can the timetabling functionality of Viriato, drag unplanned trips to a roster. This allowing the creation of vehicle rosters trip is then automatically linked with during the planning process. the previous trips and suggestions are made for the next trips to link. Throughout the life cycle of a timetable ■■Vehicles to roster can be split by any there are different requirements for user defined criterion. This allows vehicle rostering, and the Viriato Vehicle plans to be prepared by a range of Rostering module provides the rules including by rolling stock type, functionality for this entire process. assigned business group, base depot, or other parameters. During the initial long term strategic ■■The vehicle rosters can be created planning process the user can concen- and managed in several different trate on determining the size of the types of Gantt-chart type views. The required rolling stock fleet to deliver the compact view compresses a time service pattern. As more detail becomes period into a single day allowing the available the vehicle rosters can be planner to quickly see which activities refined to include detailed rolling stock link consistently and which occur less information, maintenance activities and frequently. A rolled-out view shows empty runs. the roster in a continuous day-by-day format allowing the links to be traced through the plan. Finally, a vehicle- specific view is available allowing the sequence of work for a single unit to be examined.

VEHICLE ROSTERING ■■Unique to Viriato vehicle rostering is activities which are not possible the concept for laying out rosters. because a vehicle is trapped by The user is free to plan the vehicle another unit. rosters using the rosters as a form of ■■Built in plausibility checks ensure that sketching tool. Once the roster is the rosters created by the user contain finalised the program will convert this links for all dates within the timetable to a publication ready format based period ensuring the creation of valid on the vehicle work pattern. rosters. ■■Automation and optimisation to ■■Reports showing utilisation of vehicles speed up the process of generating during each day and vehicles waiting and improving rosters. Automation is at nodes allowing the planner to included to allow the user to quickly manage times of peak demand for find a valid roster plan, or to complete rolling stock and storage locations. an unfinished one. An interface is ■■Empty runs for stock balancing available allowing an external optimi- purposes can be created as either sation tool to control all aspects of a rostering only activities, or trains inside vehicle roster so that an optimal the Viriato database itself which move solution is found respecting vehicle through the infrastructure as “normal” movements, empty runs, maintenance trains. This allows the planner to see activities and any user specific busi- the effects on capacity consumption ness rules that must be respected. of the vehicle roster to make the ■■The vehicle rosters can be viewed roster more reliable. and edited directly on a graphic time- ■■Maintenance activities can be planned table allowing clear visualisation of in the roster, with validation rules the work undertaken by vehicles based on time interval between within the timetable environment. activities (e.g. a cleaning activity ■■Rosters can be exported through the every four hours) or distance between railML timetable standard allowing activity (e.g. refuelling at least every data exchange with other systems. 1000km). Rule sets can be defined ■■The sequence of vehicles within a specifying which types of activities multiple unit is automatically managed can occur at each location, allowing in Viriato. Thus the rostering tool flexible planning of vehicle specific determines when a vehicle has tasks. changed direction, and alerts the user if a roster plan contains planned

Functionality Display/output

■■Create vehicle rosters through drag-and-drop ■■Prepare vehicle rosters as Gantt charts ■■Automatically generate rosters efficiently using ■■Display validation rules violations built-in optimisation engine ■■Print high quality vehicle rosters in detailed and ■■Complete existing partial rosters through compact formats automation ■■Output summary statistics and reports ■■Define empty vehicle movements ■■Define maintenance tasks and frequencies ■■Integrated within timetabling functionality allowing opening of trains from within roster ■■Work with vehicles operating in multiple combinations ■■Partition timetable data into efficient and logical sets for rostering ■■Manage changes of vehicle direction during journey ■■Optimisation interface available for third party systems

PLATFORM OCCUPANCY Keeping track

Stations are at the heart of railway service concept? And what additional operations. Here lines converge, trains tracks or switches are needed to arrive and depart, passengers come increase the service? and go and change trains, and trains are taken out of service, cleaned and Viriato’s platform occupancy module maintained. As train operators intro- provides timetable planners with a duce regular interval timetables and simple and powerful tool for planning, develop major connection points, the evaluating and producing platform operational functions and capacity occupation charts. The planner can requirements placed on stations drag and drop trains between platforms increase significantly. and review conflicting moves instantly.

Given these conditions, every step Viriato can help the timetable planner must be planned in detail. Therefore the to create conflict-free platform workings analysis of the allocation of platforms, with the optional conflict detection their occupancy and the arrival/ module displaying planning rule viola- departure times are a core part of the tions and conflicts between services on timetable production process. The a given track or between arriving and questions that are addressed in this departing trains from different tracks analysis include: Are there sufficient within the station area. platforms available for the proposed

Functionality Display/output

■■Define track-specific occupancy and duration ■■Display/print station diagrams with tracks, ■■Set line-specific standard defaults and individual platforms and lines restriction rules for track allocation ■■Display the operating sequence in the station ■■Set track-specific stopping points and arrival/ with slide control departure speeds (for use in travel time ■■Adjust display based on operating day, train calculation) number, times, directions ■■Interactively allocate track using drag-and-drop ■■Freely select colours for displaying trains within the allocation diagram ■■Copy platform occupation charts to clipboard ■■Working area allowing trains without platforms or export it to a graphics file format (including to be kept in a separate pool until graphically *.PDF, *.SVG) assigned a platform ■■Step-by-step undo function (to last saved version) ■■Use filters for operating day, date range and validity ■■Work directly with a train from the allocation diagram

CONFLICT DETECTION The dark side of capacity

A railway timetable is subject to Viriato’s conflict detection module numerous constraints, including those rapidly determines and visualises all due to infrastructure (line headways, conflicts on the graphic timetable. interlocking systems, etc.), vehicles The user can alter a planned train by (performance, train type, etc.) and the dragging the path on the graphic time- service pattern (intermediate stops, table, and any remaining conflicts are connections, etc.). The higher the instantly shown. Viriato produces a railway system’s degree of complexity, tabular summary of conflicts and and the closer to operating at design durations to enable the planner to capacity, the more these constraints resolve them quickly. must be considered in timetable planning. The Viriato conflict detection module also detects platform allocation issues. In complex cases it can be very difficult Our rigorous mathematical algorithm to verify that all the constraints on detects conflicts within a platform operation have been considered and occupation plan, and alerts the user if that the proposed timetable remains the proposed service pattern is conflict-free. infeasible, providing a valuable early warning to the train planner.

Functionality Display/output

■■Distinguish between single direction and ■■Graphic display of conflicts on the track bi-directional service on a line occupancy diagram and graphic timetable ■■Detect crossings on single track lines ■■Tabular conflicts listing including ■■Detect itinerary conflicts in station gridirons conflict duration and affected trains ■■Detect insufficient headway times based on user-defined headway standards ■■Set station-specific separation times for conflicting routes and overlap distances ■■Examine simultaneous track allocations, platform lengths and prohibited routes ■■Dynamic drag-and-drop conflict resolution

TRIP TIME ANALYSIS Getting there

Timetable production is an interactive The trip time analysis module provides process involving many constraints and many different analysis tools enabling conflicting goals. Operational constraints timetable planners to thoroughly often have impacts that are not initially evaluate alternative timetables, and obvious. Furthermore, the system-wide permitting the attractive presentation impacts of local timetable changes of this data in a variety of graphical are not directly evident in large railway formats. This allows the travel opportu- networks. nities offered by the new timetable to the railway and its customers to be Viriato’s trip time analysis module communicated effectively. enables timetable planners to compare alternative timetables and analyse timetable and service quality. It starts by identifying all meaningful connections based on the timetable data, trip times and user-defined transfer times. Once the connections have been identified, Viriato calculates the alternative’s most important customer and operational qualities.

Functionality Display/output

■■Determine all possible connections with: ■■Display connection data in a tabular format for shortest trip time, fewest transfers and shortest a large set of criteria (including trip time, waiting weighted trip time, for any selection of origin/ time, total distance travelled, speed, etc.) destination pairs ■■Use filters to display selected data ■■Compare summary and specific origin/ ■■Aggregate data based on various criteria destination pair journey time data between ■■Graphically view results in the SMA timetables geo-visualisation tool ■■Set user-defined transfer weighting values

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Neuhausen Schloss Laufen am Rheinfall Dachsen Altenburg-Rheinau

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Rafz Andelfingen

Hüntwangen-W il Eglisau Henggart

Demand Assignment Passengers per train Glattfelden Hettlingen Seuzach Reutlingen Lantig DEMAND ASSIGNMENT Understanding passenger flows W iesendangen Bülach Pfungen-Neftenbach W interthur Kilometer Embrach-Rorbas W interthur W allrüti Niederweningen Oberwinterthur W interthur W interthur W ülflingen W interthur Grüze Niederweningen Dorf W interthur W est (Abzw) Räterschen Schöfflisdorf-Oberwenigen W interthur Seen Steinmaur Niederglatt W interthur Töss Dielsdorf Niederhasli Tössmühle Sennhof-Kyburg Oberglatt Kollbrunn W ettingen Otelfingen Rietholz Rümlang Buchs-Dällikon Zürich Flughafen Kemptthal Otelfingen Rikon Kloten Rämismühle-Zell Neuenhof Bassersdorf Turbenthal W ürenlos Kloten Balsberg Langacher Glattbrugg Opfikon Effretikon Opfikon Süd Dietlikon Zürich Affoltern W ila W allisellen Hürlistein (Abzw) Zürich Seebach Illnau Dietikon Zürich Oerlikon Chriesbach The creation of a new timetable and connections available, apportionment Schlieren Neugut Dübendorf service often influences the choice of of the passenger demand on the new Zürich Altstetten Saland Zürich Wipkingen Stettbach Schwerzenbach ZH Fehraltorf route taken by passengers. The Viriato routes and thus the loading of trains. Urdorf Zürich Langstrasse Zürich Hardbrücke add-on module trip time analysis As the user modifies the timetable Zürich HB M Bauma Zürich HB Nänikon-Greifensee Zürich Wiedikon Pfäffikon ZH calculates the routes that can be taken concept this process repeats. This Zürich Enge Zürich Stadelhofen by passengers, including changing analysis is all undertaken within Viriato Zürich Saalsporthalle Uster Steg Zürich Brunau trains and indicates any change of using the Trip Time Analysis and Zürich Tiefenbrunnen Zürich Wollishofen Aathal service quality between timetables. Demand Assignment add-on modules. Zürich Manegg Zollikon Fischenthal Kempten Zürich Leimbach The Demand Assignment module goes Küsnacht Goldbach Kilchberg one step further, as it incorporates The algorithm for passenger assignment Sood-Oberleimbach Küsnacht ZH W etzikon Gibswil Adliswil Rüschlikon the passenger demand into trip time uses an analogy with the flow of Erlenbach ZH Sihlau Hinwil analysis and thus allows the determina- electrical current based on the principle Thalwil W inkel am Zürichsee W ildpark-Höfli tion of the number of passengers of simultaneous apportionment to Langnau-Gattikon Herrliberg-Feldmeilen Oberrieden travelling on each train in the timetable. calculate routing and loads. The Oberrieden Dorf Tann-Dürnten W ald Meilen Bubikon demand from every origin-destination Sihlwald Horgen Uetikon Rüti ZH An iterative process is carried out pair is simultaneously distributed in Männedorf Horgen within Viriato which makes transparent proportion to the resistances for each Oberdorf Au ZH Feldbach to the user the interaction between possible route using all viable journey Kempraten Sihlbrugg Stäfa new timetable service concepts and connections. W ädenswil Uerikon Jona the associated changes in passenger Rapperswil Hurden routing and flows. Within this process Freienbach SBB Richterswil Pfäffikon SZ occurs the timetable concept creation

Bäch Freienbach SOB itself, calculation of the possible Altendorf Lachen

Functionality Display/output

■■Import demand matrix ■■Additional tab showing passenger loading ■■Import daily utilisation curve per train journey segment ■■Import connection data (results from ■■Demand per train Viriato Trip Time Analysis) ■■Adjustable resistance exponent in algorithm ■■Calculation of part trips ■■Calculation of trips parts

ROBUSTNESS ANALYSIS Dealing with uncertainty

In the iterative process of timetable pattern returns to normal. Once the production, evaluation of plans plays an calculation is done Viriato produces important role. One aspect which is statistics and the perturbed timetable usually especially hard to quantify and can be saved as a regular Viriato assess is the operational robustness of scenario. a timetable variant. The determination of the impact of local infrastructure The result of the delay propagation may or timetable changes on the robustness be reviewed using Viriato, and includes of the whole system is a difficult task statistics such as the duration for even for experienced planners when recovery and the total delay minutes working with large networks. due to the original perturbation. These statistics can be exported and used The robustness analysis module allows for further analysis and for the the validation of the stability of a presentation of results. Results saved timetable and the comparison of the in a new timetable scenario can be performance of alternative timetables. displayed and analysed using all the The user develops delay scenarios standard Viriato functions. This allows containing a set of pre-defined incidents the robustness of any new timetable that they wish to test a timetable to be effectively analysed and easily against. This is then processed by communicated. Viriato using the infrastructure data, with the original delays propagated through the timetable until the service

Functionality Display/output

■■Define delay scenarios by injecting delays to ■■Export the statistics in .csv files for further trains into a timetable analysis ■■Determine the behaviour of trains by defining ■■Save the perturbed timetable as a new Viriato which kind of planned time reserves can be used scenario to catch up delays ■■Display the results using the graphical timetable ■■Uses the Viriato conflict detection to model comparison and all other standard Viriato views infrastructure capability ■■Simulate the propagation of delays in the timetable through a railway network ■■Analysis of results and production of aggregated statistics

INTERFACES Taking platform thinking further

A train timetable goes through many consists of linking different applications planning stages over its long period of over intelligent and standardised development. The process starts with interfaces. the preparation of a draft service plan. This is constantly refined until opera- The railML initiative was created to tions of the train commence. Finally, improve the data exchange process after the introduction of the timetable between railway information technology system performance is analysed. applications (www.railML.org) through Finding the timetable that best balances the development of agreed standards. the railway’s operational and economic SMA und Partner AG was a founding needs requires much iteration. member of the railML initiative and continues to actively participate in railML Viriato’s versatility enables it to support development. The goal of railML is to timetable planners at all stages of the link different applications through the development process. Nevertheless creation of defined interfaces between data will almost certainly need to be diverse rail service planning and exchanged with other applications at operations IT applications, and to some point in the process, and used simplify information exchange with the either in parallel or sequentially. A definition of standardised XML-based central element in the data exchange schemas. process is insuring efficient data flow without wasteful and error-prone re-collection of data. The challenge

Open interfaces Proprietary interfaces Data base system recommendations

■■Direct exchange of data between Viriato ■■PPSFR (DB vehicle rostering planning for MS Access databases passenger service) ■■Recommended for stand-alone installations and ■■Support of the railML standards for timetable ■■TPN (DB Netz path portal for ordering train paths) small work groups import and export ■■THOR (timetable system of SNCF-Réseau) ■■Provides flexibility and simple administration ■■Direct export to MS Excel ■■BookIN (Infrabel slot portal for SNCB to order train paths) Oracle/MS SQL ■■LIIKE (slot portal of Finnish Transport Agency ■■Recommended for multi-user work groups FTA) ■■Provides high level of data security and ■■PCS (path coordination system of performance RailNetEurope) ■■WAN-compatible ■■NeTS (timetable construction system of SBB) ■■Flexibility for local work on mobile clients ■■KIS (customer information system of RhB) under MS Access using data extract and ■■KSS (DB Netz timetable format for various synchronisation functions systems) ■■User authorisation concept: Role based multi- level authorisation for Viriato functions (administrator, super-user, user, guest…), Application Server user-group based authorisation for timetable data access (write, read, no access) ■■Citrix-compatible for operation on an application server ■■Windows Terminal Server compatible

35 References

■■ AMMT Agenzia Mobilità Metropolitana, ■■ RegionAlps SA, Martigny (CH) Turin (IT) ■■ RhB Rhaetian Railway, Chur (CH) ■■ Amt für öffentlichen Verkehr Kanton Zug, ■■ RMV Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund GmbH, Zug (CH) Hofheim a. Ts. (DE) ■■ AB Appenzeller Bahnen AG, Herisau (CH) ■■ Rigi Railways, Vitznau (CH) ■■ asa AG, Rapperswil-Jona (CH) ■■ Roma Servizi per la Mobilità, Rome (IT) ■■ BART Bay Area Rapid Transit, Oakland (US) ■■ RWTH Aachen, VIA, Aachen (DE) ■■ BLS AG, Bern (CH) ■■ SBB Passenger Traffic, Bern (CH) ■■ Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA, Geneva (CH) ■■ SBB Infrastructure, Bern (CH) ■■ CNAM Conservatoire national des Arts ■■ Setec Ferroviaire, Paris (FR) et Métiers, Paris (FR) ■■ SNCB/NMBS Société Nationale des Chemins ■■ DB Fernverkehr AG, Frankfurt a. M. (DE) de Fer Belges, Brussels (BE) ■■ DB Netz AG, Frankfurt a. M. (DE) ■■ SNCF Réseau, Paris (FR) ■■ DB Regio AG, Frankfurt a. M. (DE) ■■ SNCF Mobilités, Paris (FR) ■■ Egis Rail, Guyancourt (FR) ■■ Systra, Paris (FR) ■■ Ente Autonomo Volturno, Napoli (IT) ■■ University of Berlin, Berlin (DE) ■■ Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, IVT, ■■ University of Science and Technology Zurich (CH) Trondheim, Trondheim (NO) ■■ Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, LITEP, ■■ TMR Transports de Martigny et Régions SA, Lausanne (CH) Martigny (CH) ■■ University of Gelsenkirchen, ■■ TPF Transports publics fribourgeois, Gelsenkirchen (DE) Fribourg (CH) ■■ FART Ferrovie Autolinee Regionali Ticinesi, ■■ TransN Transports publics neuchâtelois, Locarno (CH) La Chaux-de-Fonds (CH) ■■ FNM Ferrovienord SpA, Milan (IT) ■■ TRAVYS SA, Yverdon-les-Bains (CH) ■■ FTA Finnish Transport Agency, Helsinki (FI) ■■ Trenord S.r.l., Milan (IT) ■■ Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona (ES) ■■ Regionalbahn Thurbo AG, Kreuzlingen (CH) ■■ University of Nuremberg, Nuremberg (DE) ■■ University of Birmingham, Birmingham (UK) ■■ Herzog Transit Services Inc., Irving (US) ■■ University of Pardubice, Pardubice (CZ) ■■ HSL – HRT, Helsinki Regional Transport ■■ University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart (DE) Authority, Helsinki (FI) ■■ Széchenyi István University, Györ (HU) ■■ Ifsttar, Villeneuve d’Ascq (FR) ■■ University of Trieste, Trieste (IT) ■■ Ingérop Conseil et ingénierie, Courbevoie (FR) ■■ University of Zilina, Zilina (SK) ■■ IP Engenharia, Lissabon (PT) ■■ VMV Verkehrsgesellschaft Mecklenburg- ■■ IP Infraestruturas de Portugal, Lisbon (PT) Vorpommern mbH, Schwerin (DE) ■■ Jernbaneverket JBV, Oslo (NO) ■■ VNR Vietnam Railways, Hanoi (VN) ■■ Jungfrau Railways, Interlaken (CH) ■■ VR Group Ltd, Helsinki (FI) ■■ Canton of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel (CH) ■■ WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff, Baltimore (US) ■■ Canton of Ticino, Bellinzona (CH) ■■ ZHAW University of applied sciences zurich, ■■ Keolis, Paris (FR) Winterthur (CH) ■■ Kompetenzcenter ITF NRW, Bielefeld (DE) ■■ Zweckverband SPNV Münsterland, ■■ LNVG Landesnahverkehrsgesellschaft Münster (DE) Niedersachsen mbH, Hanover (DE) ■■ Lucchini – Mariotta e Associati SA, Ponte Capriasca (CH) ■■ NAH.SH GmbH, Kiel (DE) ■■ Metron Verkehrsplanung AG, Brugg (CH) ■■ Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Weinbau Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz (DE) ■■ MOB Golden Pass Services, Montreux (CH) ■■ Nahverkehr Rheinland GmbH, Cologne (DE) ■■ Net Engineering, Monselice (IT) ■■ NSB AS, Oslo (NO) ■■ NVBW Nahverkehrsgesellschaft BadenWürttemberg mbH, Stuttgart (DE) ■■ NVV Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund, Kassel (DE) ■■ Plateway Pty Ltd, Clyde (AU) ■■ ProRail, Utrecht (NL) ■■ PTN Passenger Transport Networks, York (UK) ■■ Région Rhône-Alpes, Lyon (FR)

36 Editorial services SMA und Partner AG, Zurich Visual concept Eggmann-Design, Tann Printing Linkgroup, Zurich

Photo credits

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