Introduction to Emergency Management Second Edition
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A Summary of Palau's Typhoon History 1945-2013
A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History 1945-2013 Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau Dec, 2014 © Coral Reef Research Foundation 2014 Suggested citation: Coral Reef Research Foundation, 2014. A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History. Technical Report, 17pp. www.coralreefpalau.org Additions and suggestions welcome. Please email: [email protected] 2 Summary: Since 1945 Palau has had 68 recorded typhoons, tropical storms or tropical depressions come within 200 nmi of its islands or reefs. At their nearest point to Palau, 20 of these were typhoon strength with winds ≥64kts, or an average of 1 typhoon every 3 years. November and December had the highest number of significant storms; July had none over 40 kts and August had no recorded storms. Data Compilation: Storms within 200 nmi (nautical miles) of Palau were identified from the Digital Typhoon, National Institute of Informatics, Japan web site (http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital- typhoon/reference/besttrack.html.en). The storm tracks and intensities were then obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) (https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/en/JTWC/). Three storm categories were used following the JTWC: Tropical Depression, winds ≤ 33 kts; Tropical Storm, winds 34-63 kts; Typhoon ≥64kts. All track data was from the JTWC archives. Tracks were plotted on Google Earth and the nearest distance to land or reef, and bearing from Palau, were measured; maximum sustained wind speed in knots (nautical miles/hr) at that point was recorded. Typhoon names were taken from the Digital Typhoon site, but typhoon numbers for the same typhoon were from the JTWC archives. -
Critical Care Management of Chemical Exposures 4 the Patients Were Decontaminated Prior to Arriving at the Hospital
Chapter 4: CRITI C AL CARE MANAGE M ENT OF CHE M I C AL EXPOSURES James Geiling, MD, FCCM Vincent M. Nicolais, MD, FCCM Gregory M. Susla, PharmD, FCCM The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Objectives ■ Review measures of preparedness and planning. ■ Describe the purpose of decontamination. ■ Discuss how to evaluate whether a patient has been adequately decontaminated to enter the emergency department (ED), hospital, or intensive care unit (ICU). ■ Summarize the steps necessary to protect hospital staff: decontamination, personal protective equipment (PPE). ■ Review specific agents: diagnosis, identification, and management. If supposedly civilized nations confined their warfare to attacks on the enemy’s troops, the matter of defense against warfare chemicals would be purely a military problem, and therefore beyond the scope of this study. But such is far from the case. In these days of total warfare, the civilians, including women and children, are subject to attack at all times. Colonel Edgar Erskine Hume, Victories of Army Medicine, 1943 Fundamental Disaster Management Case Study A young couple was transported to your hospital’s ED from a local cinema. You have been told there are many others who are being cared for by the emergency medical services and are en route. The 18-year-old male and 17-year-old female were admitted to your ICU after intubation and placement on mechanical ventilation. They are unresponsive and diaphoretic, and they have constricted pupils with excessive lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, and restlessness. -
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Terrorism WHAT CLINICIANS and NEED TO Disaster KNOW Sarin Sponsored for CME Credit by Rush University Medical Center Release Date: April 1, 2005 Expiration Date: March 31, 2007 errorism WHAT T CLINICIANS and NEED TO Disaster KNOW SERIES Uniformed Services University Guest Faculty EDITORS Health Sciences Ronald E. Goans, PhD, MD, MPH* Bethesda, Maryland Clinical Associate Professor Rush University Tulane University School of Public Health & David M. Benedek, MD, LTC, MC, USA Medical Center Tropical Medicine Associate Professor of Psychiatry Chicago, Illinois New Orleans, LA Stephanie R. Black, MD* Steven J. Durning, MD, Maj, USAF, MC* Sunita Hanjura, MD* Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine Rockville Internal Medicine Group Section of Infectious Diseases Rockville, MD Department of Internal Medicine Thomas A. Grieger, MD, CAPT, MC, USN* Associate Professor of Psychiatry Niranjan Kanesa-Thasan, MD, MTMH* Daniel Levin, MD* Associate Professor of Military & Director, Medical Affairs & Pharmacovigilance Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine Acambis General Psychiatry Residency Director Assistant Chair of Psychiatry for Graduate Cambridge, MA Department of Psychiatry & Continuing Education Jennifer C. Thompson, MD, MPH, FACP* Gillian S. Gibbs, MPH* Molly J. Hall, MD, Col, USAF, MC, FS* Chief, Department of Clinical Investigation Project Coordinator Assistant Chair & Associate Professor William Beaumont Army Medical Center Center of Excellence for Bioterrorism Department of Psychiatry El Paso, TX Preparedness Derrick Hamaoka, MD, Capt, USAF, MC, FS* Faculty Disclosure Policy Linnea S. Hauge, PhD* Director, Third Year Clerkship It is the policy of the Rush University Medical Educational Specialist Instructor of Psychiatry Department of General Surgery Center Office of Continuing Medical Paul A. Hemmer, MD, MPH, Lt Col, USAF, MC* Education to ensure that its CME activities Associate Professor of Medicine are independent, free of commercial bias AUTHORS and beyond the control of persons or organi- Rush University Benjamin W. -
Toxicological Profile for Acetone Draft for Public Comment
ACETONE 1 Toxicological Profile for Acetone Draft for Public Comment July 2021 ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** ACETONE ii DISCLAIMER Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre dissemination public comment under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** ACETONE iii FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for these toxic substances described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a relevance to public health discussion which would allow a public health professional to make a real-time determination of whether the presence of a particular substance in the environment poses a potential threat to human health. -
Ingredients for a Tropical Cyclone /Typhoon
Saffir-Simpson Tropical Cyclone Scale Examples of Satellite Imagery for Potential Damages Examples of Damage for Each (STCS) Each Category (structures, infrastructure, and vegetation) Category Tropical Storm Category A STCS is a scale that relates maximum tropical cyclone Damage only to the flimsiest lean-to type structure. TS CAT B TY CAT 1 Tropical cyclone is a general term that refers to Minor damage to banana and papaya trees. surface winds to potential damage and storm surge. A tropical depressions, tropical storms, and typhoons. similar scale has been used in the Atlantic for three decades. Guard and Lander (1999) adapted the Tropical Storm Category B TS CAT A TS CAT B Atlantic scale to tropical regions and added a tropical Major damage to huts made of thatch or loosely attached storm scale. STCS considers: tropical building corrugated sheet metal or plywood; sheet metal and materials/practices; tropical vegetation/agriculture; plywood may become airborne. Minor damage to weakening effects of termites, wood rot, salt spray; buildings of light materials. Moderate damage to banana and effects of the coral reefs on storm surge. and papaya trees. Damage to banana trees Weakened, unguyed Two tropical storm categories; five typhoon categories Typhoon Category 1 wooden power poles Corrugated metal and plywood stripped from poorly can break Note: Categories are based on 1-min. average maximum constructed or termite infested structures and may become sustained winds (MSW) and it’s corresponding 1-3 airborne. Few wooden, non-reinforced power poles tilted TY CAT 2 TY CAT 3 second peak gust. and some rotten power poles broken. -
Toxidrome Recognition in Chemical- Weapons Attacks
The new england journal of medicine Review Article Dan L. Longo, M.D., Editor Toxidrome Recognition in Chemical- Weapons Attacks Gregory R. Ciottone, M.D. errorist attacks are increasing in both frequency and com- From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical plexity around the world. In 2016 alone, there were more than 13,400 ter- Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston. 1 Address reprint requests to Dr. Ciottone rorist attacks globally, killing more than 34,000 people. Of equal concern, at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, T Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Rosenberg chemical-warfare agents that were developed for the battlefield are being used on civilians in major cities and conflict zones. The recent sarin attacks in Syria,2,3 the Building, 1 Deaconess Rd., Boston, MA 02215, or at gciotton@ bidmc . harvard . edu. latest in a series of chemical attacks in that region,3,4 along with the use of the nerve agent VX in the assassination of Kim Jong-nam in Malaysia and the Soviet- N Engl J Med 2018;378:1611-20. 5 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1705224 era agent Novichok in the poisoning of Sergei Skripal in the United Kingdom, all Copyright © 2018 Massachusetts Medical Society. represent a worrisome trend in the use of deadly chemical agents by various rogue groups in civilian settings. In light of the rise in coordinated, multimodal terrorist attacks in Western urban centers,6,7 concern has been expressed about an increase in the use of chemical agents by terrorists on civilian targets around the world. Such attacks entail unique issues in on-the-scene safety8,9 and also require a rapid medical response.10 As health care providers, we must be proactive in how we prepare for and respond to this new threat. -
The Causes of Mangrove Death on Yap, Palau, Pohnpei and Kosrae
Chapter II The Causes of Mangrove Death on Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, and Kosrae By: Phil G. Cannon, Margie Falanruw, Francis Ruegorong, Rich MacKenzie, Katie Friday, Amy L. Ross- Davis, Sara M. Ashiglar, Ned B. Klopfenstein; with Zhangfeng Liu, Mohammad Golabi, and Chancy Thomas Iyekar. Abstract: The area of a massive mangrove dieback in Yinuf Mn Island, Yap, was selected as the first location to study mangrove dieback problems. Seawater and soil samples were collected from plots where the mangrove trees were dead/dying and these samples were analyzed for eight different seawater and soil floor properties. Seawater and soil properties from dead/dying/missing mangrove samples were then compared with these same eight properties for seawater and soil samples collected in nearby plots where mangrove trees appeared healthy. For these eight properties, no apparent differences were found that might help explain why mangroves had died or stayed healthy. Consequently, other possible explanations for mangrove dieback were sought, based on current stand conditions and a consideration of extenuating circumstances in the recent history of this site. At this Yinuf Mn island site, a plausible explanation for the massive mangrove dieback was that Typhoon Sudal, which had struck 9 years earlier (in April, 2004) with both strong winds and a powerful storm surge, had pushed over about 100 acres (40.5 ha) of trees on the seaward edge of this mangrove stand. These trees may also have been heavily butt rotted or impacted by an oil spill, factors which could have rendered trees more prone to toppling during Typhoon Sudal. In a separate incident, Typhoon Bopha (December, 2012), caused minor but still measurable damage to a mature mangrove stand in Babeldaob, Palau. -
Hawaii and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands. In
Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands J.B. Friday, Kathleen Friday, and Craig Elevitch J.B. Friday is the extension forester, University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Cooperative Extension Service; Kathleen Friday is the Forest Legacy/Stewardship program manager—Hawai’i and Pacific Islands, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, State and Private Forestry; Craig Elevitch is the director of Agroforestry Net. Description of the Region systems. Continuous soil cover prevents erosion. Because the species diversity and structure of tree-based multistory gardens Hawaii and the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands (fig. A.1) include are similar to native forests, these agroforests protect water- a diversity of traditional and modern agroforestry systems that sheds and water quality, both in streams and near the shore. have developed across a broad range of environments, from The productivity over extremely long timeframes based only low coral atolls to high volcanic islands rising to 4,205 meters on local resources attests to their value as models for modern (m) (13,796 feet [ft]) in Hawaii. The peoples of Micronesia agroforestry systems that can be resilient to environmental and Polynesia settled their islands as many as 4,000 years ago stressors of the type that are projected to accompany climate (Athens and Ward 2004) and brought with them a basic suite change (table A.1). of agricultural plants. In the ensuing centuries, they developed highly sophisticated agroforestry systems tailored to meet food The most common traditional system is a tree-based multistory security needs within the local environments they inhabited. -
Federated States of Micronesiasidebar Federated States of Micronesia A
The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Federated States of Micronesia Mike Hasurmai1, Eugene Joseph2, Steve Palik3, Kerat Rikim4 INTRODUCTION AND SETTING From east to west, the Freely Associated States include the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), the Feder- Sidebar ated States of Micronesia (FSM), and the Republic of Palau. The FSM and Palau are known as the Caroline Islands, which span 2,500 km and are among the longest island chains in the world. All of these Micronesian islands were formerly a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands administered by the United States af- ter World War II (WWII). All three countries achieved independence within the past 25 years but retain close economic and strategic ties to the U.S. (Hezel, 1995). Although the process was initiated as early as 1979, the Compact of Free Association between the U.S. and the RMI and FSM did not go into effect until 1986; the Compact of Free Association between the U.S. and the Republic of Guam was effective in 1995. The FSM is comprised of four states, from east to west; Kosrae, Pohnpei, Chuuk, and Yap (Figure 14.1). Each island or group has its own language, customs, local government, and traditional system for managing marine resources. The FSM has both high islands and atolls, and islanders have a strong dependence on coral reefs and marine resources, both economically and culturally. The islands support three basic reef formations: fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls, which correspond to the stage of reef development at each island. -
Micronesian Mangrove Forest Structure and Tree Responses to a Severe Typhoon
Wetlands (2010) 30:1077–1084 DOI 10.1007/s13157-010-0114-y ARTICLE Micronesian Mangrove Forest Structure and Tree Responses to a Severe Typhoon J. Boone Kauffman & Thomas G. Cole Received: 30 November 2009 /Accepted: 7 October 2010 /Published online: 12 November 2010 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2010 Abstract Tropical cyclones are common disturbances that Keywords Allometric equations . Disturbance ecology. have strong effects on mangrove composition and structure. Plant adaptations . Total above-ground biomass . Tropical Because there are numerous ecosystem services provided wetlands . Typhoon impacts by mangroves, it is important to understand their adapta- tions and responses to these climatic events. In April 2004, Typhoon Sudal, a category 3–4 cyclone, passed over the Introduction state of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. For four months following the typhoon we measured forest struc- Mangroves are important wetland ecosystems throughout ture, above-ground biomass, tree mortality and response in the tropical and subtropical coastal areas of the world six mangroves. The sites were dominated by species (Mitsch and Gosselink 2000), providing a variety of common in mangroves throughout the Indo-Pacific— ecosystem services such as sources of food (fishes, crabs, Sonneratia alba, Brugueira gymnorrhiza, and Rhizophora etc.), wood, and protection from extreme events such as apiculata. Total above-ground biomass (TAGB) of man- cyclones and tsunamis (Giesen et al. 2006). Tropical grove forests ranged from 211–573 Mg ha-1. Tree mortality cyclones (typhoons) affect ecosystem structure in tropical ranged from 6% to 32% among stands. Adaptations and coastal ecosystems in many islands of the western Pacific. responses to the typhoon varied by species, as well as by In order to persist in an environment, the biota must possess geographic location. -
What Clinicians Need to Know
Terrorism WHAT CLINICIANS and NEED TO Disaster KNOW Sarin errorism WHAT T CLINICIANS and NEED TO Disaster KNOW SERIES Uniformed Services University Guest Faculty EDITORS Health Sciences Ronald E. Goans, PhD, MD, MPH* Bethesda, Maryland Clinical Associate Professor Rush University Tulane University School of Public Health & David M. Benedek, MD, LTC, MC, USA Medical Center Tropical Medicine Associate Professor of Psychiatry Chicago, Illinois New Orleans, LA Stephanie R. Black, MD* Steven J. Durning, MD, Maj, USAF, MC* Sunita Hanjura, MD* Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine Rockville Internal Medicine Group Section of Infectious Diseases Rockville, MD Department of Internal Medicine Thomas A. Grieger, MD, CAPT, MC, USN* Associate Professor of Psychiatry Niranjan Kanesa-Thasan, MD, MTMH* Daniel Levin, MD* Associate Professor of Military & Director, Medical Affairs & Pharmacovigilance Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine Acambis General Psychiatry Residency Director Assistant Chair of Psychiatry for Graduate Cambridge, MA Department of Psychiatry & Continuing Education Jennifer C. Thompson, MD, MPH, FACP* Gillian S. Gibbs, MPH* Molly J. Hall, MD, Col, USAF, MC, FS* Chief, Department of Clinical Investigation Project Coordinator Assistant Chair & Associate Professor William Beaumont Army Medical Center Center of Excellence for Bioterrorism Department of Psychiatry El Paso, TX Preparedness Derrick Hamaoka, MD, Capt, USAF, MC, FS* Faculty Disclosure Policy Linnea S. Hauge, PhD* Director, Third Year Clerkship It is the policy of the Rush University Medical Educational Specialist Instructor of Psychiatry Department of General Surgery Center Office of Continuing Medical Paul A. Hemmer, MD, MPH, Lt Col, USAF, MC* Education to ensure that its CME activities Associate Professor of Medicine are independent, free of commercial bias AUTHORS and beyond the control of persons or organi- Rush University Benjamin W. -
Chemical Weapon Threats—Are You Prepared
Chemical Terror Threats—Are You Prepared? NYSNA Continuing Education The New York State Nurses Association is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. This course has been awarded 3.6 contact hours. All ANCC accredited organizations' contact hours are recognized by all other ANCC accredited organizations. Most states with mandatory continuing education requirements recognize the ANCC accreditation/approval system. Questions about the acceptance of ANCC contact hours to meet mandatory regulations should be directed to the professional licensing board within that state. NYSNA has been granted provider status by the Florida State Board of Nursing as a provider of continuing education in nursing (Provider number 50-1437). How to Take This Course Please take a look at the steps below; these will help you to progress through the course material, complete the course examination and receive your certificate of completion. 1. REVIEW THE OBJECTIVES The objectives provide an overview of the entire course and identify what information will be focused on. Objectives are stated in terms of what you, the learner, will know or be able to do upon successful completion of the course. They let you know what you should expect to learn by taking a particular course and can help focus your study. 2. STUDY EACH SECTION IN ORDER Keep your learning "programmed" by reviewing the materials in order. This will help you understand the sections that follow. 3. COMPLETE THE COURSE EXAM After studying the course, click on the "Course Exam" option located on the course navigation toolbar.