DOCSLIB.ORG

Ingredients for a Tropical Cyclone /Typhoon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ingredients for a Tropical Cyclone /Typhoon Saffir-Simpson Tropical Cyclone Scale Examples of Satellite Imagery for Potential Damages Examples of Damage for Each (STCS) Each Category (structures, infrastructure, and vegetation) Category Tropical Storm Category A STCS is a scale that relates maximum tropical cyclone Damage only to the flimsiest lean-to type structure. TS CAT B TY CAT 1 Tropical cyclone is a general term that refers to Minor damage to banana and papaya trees. surface winds to potential damage and storm surge. A tropical depressions, tropical storms, and typhoons. similar scale has been used in the Atlantic for three decades. Guard and Lander (1999) adapted the Tropical Storm Category B TS CAT A TS CAT B Atlantic scale to tropical regions and added a tropical Major damage to huts made of thatch or loosely attached storm scale. STCS considers: tropical building corrugated sheet metal or plywood; sheet metal and materials/practices; tropical vegetation/agriculture; plywood may become airborne. Minor damage to weakening effects of termites, wood rot, salt spray; buildings of light materials. Moderate damage to banana and effects of the coral reefs on storm surge. and papaya trees. Damage to banana trees Weakened, unguyed Two tropical storm categories; five typhoon categories Typhoon Category 1 wooden power poles Corrugated metal and plywood stripped from poorly can break Note: Categories are based on 1-min. average maximum constructed or termite infested structures and may become sustained winds (MSW) and it’s corresponding 1-3 airborne. Few wooden, non-reinforced power poles tilted TY CAT 2 TY CAT 3 second peak gust. and some rotten power poles broken. Less than 10% Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Faxai defoliation of trees/shrubs. Palm fronds begin to break. 30 mph Dec 2001 50 mph Tropical Storm Categories Typhoon Category 2 TY CAT 1 TY CAT 2 1) Tropical Storm Category A: “Weak Tropical Storm” Damage to wooden and tin roofs and other structures of MSW: 30-49 mph (26-43 kt) termite infested or rotted wood. Considerable damage to Peak Gust: 40-64 mph (33-56 kt) structures made of light materials. Several rotten wooden power poles snapped and many non-reinforced power 2) Tropical Storm Category B: “Severe Tropical Storm” poles tilted. Some secondary power lines down. 10-30% MSW: 50-73 mph (44-63 kt) defoliation of trees/shrubs. Peak Gust: 65-94 mph (57-81 kt) Weakened wood and tin Palms can lose crowns Typhoon Category 3 roofs can fail at about 115mph (100kt) Extensive damage to wooden structures weakened by Typhoon Categories Typhoon Lupit Typhoon Chata’an TY CAT 3 TY CAT 4 Nov 2003 75 mph July 2002 100 mph termite infestation, wet and dry wood rot, and corroded 1) Typhoon Category 1: “Minimal Typhoon” roof straps. Structures made of light material may be MSW: 74-95 mph (64-82 kt) TY CAT 3 TY CAT 4 destroyed. Some roof, window, and door damage to well- Peak Gust: 95-120 mph (82-105 kt) built, wooden and metal buildings. Air full of small flying debris. Few hollowed-spun concrete power poles broken 2) Typhoon Category 2: “Moderate Typhoon” or tilted and many non-reinforced wooden power poles MSW: 96-110 mph (83-95 kt) blown down or broken. Many secondary power lines Peak Gust: 121-139 mph (106-121 kt) down. Palm trees begin to lose crowns; 30-50% defoliation of trees/shrubs. Poorly reinforced Cars in parking lots 3) Typhoon Category 3: “Strong Typhoon Typhoon Category 4 hollow-block walls can near buildings can be MSW: 111-129 mph (96-112 kt) topple overturned Typhoon Sudal Typhoon Paka Many well-built wooden or tin homes damaged or Peak Gust: 140-164 mph (122-142 kt) Apr 2004 125 mph Dec 1997 150 mph destroyed and complete destruction of buildings made of TY CAT 4 TY CAT 4-5 4) Typhoon Category 4: “Very Strong Typhoon” light materials. Extensive damage to non-concrete roofs. MSW: 130-156 mph (113-136 kt) TY CAT 5 TY CAT 5 Eye Some reinforced hollow-spun concrete and many Peak Gust: 165-198 mph (143- 173 kt) reinforced wooden power poles blown down with numerous secondary power lines downed. Trees/shrubs 5) Typhoon Category 5: “Devastating Typhoon” 50-90% defoliated; trees begin to lose bark. MSW: 157-194 mph (137-170 kt) Peak Gust: 199-246 mph (174-216 kt) Typhoon Category 5 Total failure of non-concrete reinforced roofs. Extensive or total destruction to non-concrete residence and Ingredients needed for a Tropical Storm or Typhoon Tops of empty fuel Trees defoliated, stubby, industrial buildings. Severe damage to some solid Super Typhoon Lupit Eye of Super Typhoon concrete poles, to numerous reinforced hollow-spun storage tanks can be with bark sandblasted A pre-existing disturbance—large area of persistent, stripped away loosely organized thunderstorms. Nov 2003 165 mph Yuri Nov 1991 175 mph concrete power poles, to many steel towers and virtually all wooden poles. All secondary power lines, most Warm ocean water—temp at least 80 degrees F down The term ‘Super Typhoon”, while not an official term, primary power lines downed. Considerable glass failures to a depth of 150 ft. is commonly used to refer to typhoons with maximum due to flying debris and explosive pressure caused by sustained surface winds ≥150 mph (≥130 kt). extreme wind gusts; well constructed storm shutters fail. Light upper level winds—little or no vertical wind Trees devoid of all but largest stubby and sandblasted shear, which degrades the tropical cyclone structure. branches; up to 100% defoliation. Large airborne debris. Coastal Inundation and Wave Action Examples of Storm Surge for Each Conditions of Readiness vs Watches and Warnings Are You Prepared for a Category Set by Local Government Set by National Weather Tropical Storm Category A Service Typhoon? Storm surge is the rise in water level above the normal On windward coasts, sea level rise less than 2 ft. above normal Condition 4: damaging winds --------------------------- in open bays and inlets. Breaking waves inside bays can reach tide level due to a combination of: waves and swells possible within (w/i) 72 2-3 ft.; less than 1 ft. over reefs. Rough surf at reef margin with caused by stress from the strong winds; and, reduced Reading this will help! moderately strong along-shore (rip) currents inside reef. weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the ocean hours caused by the low pressure of the typhoon. Tropical Storm Category B Condition 3: damaging winds Watch: damaging winds On windward coasts, sea level rise of 2-4 ft. above normal in TS CAT B TS CAT B-TY CAT 1 possible w/i 48 hours possible w/i 48 hours; tropical storm or typhoon open bays and inlets. Breaking waves inside bays can reach 3-5 ft.; 1-2 ft. additional water over reefs. Waves can inundate low- lying coastal areas below 2 ft. on windward locations where Condition 2: damaging winds Warning: damaging winds reefs are narrow. Very rough surf at reef margin with strong expected w/i 24 hours expected w/i 24 hours; along-shore rip currents inside reefs. tropical storm or typhoon Typhoon Category 1 Condition 1: damaging winds --------------------------- On windward coasts, sea level rise of 4-6 ft above normal in Some near-coastal Waves breaking across expected w/i 12 hours or are open bays and inlets. Breaking waves inside bays can reach 5-7 erosion at high tide coral reef flats occurring ft; 2-3 ft. Additional water across reef. Waves may inundate low-lying coastal roads below 2-4 ft on windward locations TY CAT 1-2 TY CAT 2-3 where reefs are narrow. Minor pier damage and small craft in exposed anchorages break moorings. How to prepare for a storm Typhoon Category 2 1. Fill cars up with fuel. On windward coasts, sea level rise of 6-8 ft above normal in 2. Clean yard of potential debris. open bays and inlets. Breaking waves inside bays can reach 7-10 3. Stock up on non-perishable foods and drinking water. ft; water is about 3-5 ft. above normal across reef flats. Waves 4. Obtain batteries, flashlights, and battery-operated will inundate low lying coastal roads below 4-6 ft on windward Coastal erosion under- Coastal damage at Yap radios. locations where reefs are narrow. Some erosion of beach areas, mining inland rocks from Ty Sudal 2003 5. Secure windows; put up or close shutters. Super Typhoon Pongsona over Guam with 150-mph some moderate pier damage and some large boats torn from 6. Remove or secure window air conditioners. moorings. (130-kt) winds 7. Adjust freezer and refrigerator to high and avoid TY CAT 4 TY CAT 4 opening in order to preserve perishable foods. Typhoon Category 3 8. Attain enough fuel for lamps, stoves, and generators. On windward coasts, sea level rise of 8-12 ft above normal in open bays and inlets. Breaking waves inside bay can reach 10- 9. Fill containers with several days of water. 15 ft; water is about 5-8 ft above normal across reef flats. Waves 10. Have rags ready for slow leaks of wind driven water. may inundate low-lying coastal roads below 6-10 ft of elevation 11. Park cars in protected area. on windward locations where reefs are narrow. Considerable beach erosions and many large boats and some large ships torn Boat torn from mooring Constricted bay--Rota What to do during a storm from moorings. during Paka Dec 1997 Ty Pongsona Dec 2002 1. Stay indoors. Typhoon Category 4 TY CAT 4-5 TY CAT 4-5 2. Stay away from windows and sliding glass doors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strategic Plan 2021-2025
    Strategic Plan 2021-2025 Map of FSM 2 Contents Map of FSM ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Key Issues in the FSM________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Country Context _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Major Vulnerability and Hazards Analysis _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 History of Micronesia Red Cross Society (MRCS) __________________________________________________________________________ 9 IFRC Strategy 2030 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MRCS Vision _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 MRCS Mission: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Strategic Aims 2021-2025 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Strategic Aim 1: Save lives in times of disasters and crises ______________________________________________________________ 14 Strategic Aim 2: Enable healthy and safe living ___________________________________________________________________________ 16 Strategic Aim 3: Promote the prevention and reduction of vulnerability, social inclusion and a culture of non- violence
    [Show full text]
  • Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region
    Fishery Ecosystem Plan for Pacific Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 September 24, 2009 Cover Artwork Courtesy of Jan Michael Calma, John F. Kennedy High School, Tamuning, Guam EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) authorizes fishery management councils to create fishery management plans (FMP). The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council (Council) developed this Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) as an FMP, consistent with the MSA and the national standards for fishery conservation and management. The FEP represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management for western Pacific pelagic species. Since the 1980s, the Council has managed fisheries throughout the Western Pacific Region through separate species-based fishery management plans (FMP) – the Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish FMP (WPRFMC 1986a), the Crustaceans FMP (WPRFMC 1981), the Precious Corals FMP (WPRFMC 1979), the Coral Reef Ecosystems FMP (WPRFMC 2001) and the Pelagic FMP (WPRFMC 1986b). However, the Council is now moving towards an ecosystem- based approach to fisheries management and is restructuring its management framework from species-based FMPs to place-based FEPs. Recognizing that a comprehensive ecosystem approach to fisheries management must be initiated through an incremental, collaborative, and adaptive management process, a multi-step approach is being used to develop and implement the FEPs. To be successful, this will require increased understanding of a range of issues including, biological and trophic relationships, ecosystem indicators and models, and the ecological effects of non-fishing activities on the marine environment.
    [Show full text]
  • EXHIBIT H Puowaina, O‘Ahu Honolulu, O‘Ahu
    PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS & MARK ASSOCIATIONS: American Institute of KĀWIKA Certified Planners (AICP) Society for Hawaiian Archeology MCKEAGUE Hulu Mamo Hawaiian Civic Club AICP (2012-2013) Director of Cultural Planning State of Hawai‘i, O‘ahu Island Burial Council - Chair; Vice-Chair, ‘Ewa Moku Representative Mr. McKeague’s background, experience, and passion provides a unique and (2005-2012) knowledgeable approach to land use planning and cultural resource management. American Planning Association (APA) Mr. McKeague effectively administers and advocates a Native Hawaiian perspective in Hawai‘i Chapter - Member Current environmental and land use planning, and architectural design and space programming. PA’I Foundation- President; As the Senior Cultural Resource Manager for Kamehameha Schools, he was responsible Board Director (2001-2003), President (2003-Present) for the stewardship of cultural resources for 360,000 acres. Mr. McKeague brings 15 years of experience in facilitating local and national level planning efforts for private, EDUCATION: public, and non-profit sector clients. His work includes the preparation of Master NAGPRA & ARPA Application & Plans, Cultural Resource Management Programs, Environmental Impact Studies, and Requirement National Preservation Institute facilitating community dialogue. Hawai‘i State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, Folk and Traditional Arts SELECTED PROJECTS: Outrigger Waikīkī Beach Walk - EIS, SMA Apprentice Program Department of Emergency Management Permit Cyril Lani Pahinui O‘ahu Coastal
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Island of Saipan, CNMI
    Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment For the Island of Saipan, CNMI January 2014 Saipan Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment | i About This Document The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the island of Saipan is the product of a year-long collaboration between the CNMI Division of Coastal Resources Management and the participating agencies and organizations of the CNMI Climate Change Working Group. Ongoing support for the Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change Working Group was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and contributions to the assessment stem from a wide range of federal and CNMI government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and community groups. Additional technical resources, tools, and expertise were leveraged from organizations throughout the Insular Pacific and beyond. The cumulative result of this diverse input is a project that meshes a community-based assessment and local knowledge with technical analysis and inquiry. This document presents the Vulnerability Assessment by highlighting its findings, as well as the process and information used to arrive at conclusions and recommendations. It is as much a framework for a mixed-methods assessment process as it is community narrative and practical study. Document Usage and Limitations This document is intended as an initial screening tool for prioritization of climate adaptation work on the island of Saipan. Usage of the Vulnerability Assessment should be limited to broad planning and policy purposes. Analysis of specific resources and geographic areas was conducted under potential future scenarios, which introduces inherent uncertainties and complicates field verification. As such, the findings, recommendations, and data within this document are not appropriate for application to site-specific engineering or other projects involving alterations to the physical landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in Guam: Indicators and Considerations for Key Sectors
    PIRCA 2020 PIRCA 2020 PIRCA Indicators & Considerations for Key Sectors Report for the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA) Indicators and Considerations for Key Sectors CLIMATE CHANGE IN GUAM 1 PIRCA 2020 The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, the Pacific, and Asia through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the US Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options. The Center’s 21-acre Honolulu campus, adjacent to the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, is located midway between Asia and the US mainland and features research, residential, and international conference facilities. The Center’s Washington, DC, office focuses on preparing the United States for an era of growing Asia Pacific prominence. The East-West Center hosts the core office of the Pacific RISA grant, providing administrative and research capabilities for the program. The Pacific RISA is one of the 11 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) teams that conduct research that builds the nation’s capacity to prepare for and adapt to climate variability and change. This work is supported by funding from NOAA. The Pacific RISA provided primary oversight of this and the 2012 PIRCA report. EastWestCenter.org PacificRISA.org ISBN: 978-1-932728-91-0 (print) ISBN: 978-1-932728-93-4 (electronic) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4037481 Recommended Citation: Grecni, Z., W. Miles, R.
    [Show full text]
  • A Summary of Palau's Typhoon History 1945-2013
    A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History 1945-2013 Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau Dec, 2014 © Coral Reef Research Foundation 2014 Suggested citation: Coral Reef Research Foundation, 2014. A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History. Technical Report, 17pp. www.coralreefpalau.org Additions and suggestions welcome. Please email: [email protected] 2 Summary: Since 1945 Palau has had 68 recorded typhoons, tropical storms or tropical depressions come within 200 nmi of its islands or reefs. At their nearest point to Palau, 20 of these were typhoon strength with winds ≥64kts, or an average of 1 typhoon every 3 years. November and December had the highest number of significant storms; July had none over 40 kts and August had no recorded storms. Data Compilation: Storms within 200 nmi (nautical miles) of Palau were identified from the Digital Typhoon, National Institute of Informatics, Japan web site (http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital- typhoon/reference/besttrack.html.en). The storm tracks and intensities were then obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) (https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/en/JTWC/). Three storm categories were used following the JTWC: Tropical Depression, winds ≤ 33 kts; Tropical Storm, winds 34-63 kts; Typhoon ≥64kts. All track data was from the JTWC archives. Tracks were plotted on Google Earth and the nearest distance to land or reef, and bearing from Palau, were measured; maximum sustained wind speed in knots (nautical miles/hr) at that point was recorded. Typhoon names were taken from the Digital Typhoon site, but typhoon numbers for the same typhoon were from the JTWC archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Hagåtña Master Plan
    HAGATNA RESTORATION & REDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Hagåtña Master Plan PHASE 1 - RESEARCH REPORT JULY 15, 2005 Prepared By Hagåtña Master Plan Table of Contents Historical and Cultural Research Overview……………………………..2 Historical and Cultural Research Resource List…………………………..3 Economic Development Research Overview…………………………….4 Physical Characteristics Research Overview………………………………5 Physical Characteristics Overview and Resource List…………………….6 Maps of Hagåtña……………………………………………………………7 Infrastructure Engineering Resource List………………………………….11 Preliminary Assessment Infrastructure System Report…………………..12 Environmental Research Resource List……………………………………18 Preliminary Conditions Assessment Environmental Planning Report….19 1 Hagåtña Master Plan Historical and Cultural Research Historical and Cultural Research Overview During this research and data collection phase, historical and cultural resources have been listed together because of their natural correlation to each other. Included are graphics, written and oral histories, maps and photographs that help to illustrate the character, physical proportions, iconography, configurations and sequences of the street life in Hagåtña during the periods of; early history, pre-war and colonial times, wartime, post war and then into contemporary periods. The cultural resources gathered recount life in the city and how the Hagåtña residents and islandwide residents used and interacted in the city. Two groupings of activities became evident: the normal day-to-day activities of the city and then the importance of special events. As the seat of the Spanish colonial government, the US Military government of the island, and then into the civilian government special events included inaugurations, religious festivals like the “Santa Maria de la Camarin” procession and the village fiesta, school ceremonies and graduations, the post-war Liberation day parades and carnivals. The conventional pre-war day-to-day events again included activities related to the Catholic Church, and political events.
    [Show full text]
  • TROPICAL STORM TALAS FORMATION and IMPACTS at KWAJALEIN ATOLL Tom Wright * 3D Research Corporation, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands
    J16A.3 TROPICAL STORM TALAS FORMATION AND IMPACTS AT KWAJALEIN ATOLL Tom Wright * 3D Research Corporation, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands 1. INTRODUCTION 4,000 km southwest of Hawaii, 1,350 km north of the equator, or almost exactly halfway Tropical Storm (TS) 31W (later named Talas) between Hawaii and Australia. Kwajalein is the developed rapidly and passed just to the south of largest of the approximately 100 islands that Kwajalein Island (hereafter referred to as comprise Kwajalein Atoll and is located at 8.7° “Kwajalein”), on 10 December 2004 UTC. north and 167.7° east. Kwajalein is the southern-most island of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands (see figure 2.2 Topography/Bathymetry 1). Despite having been a minimal tropical storm as it passed, TS Talas had a significant impact The islands that make up Kwajalein Atoll all lie not only on the residents of Kwajalein Atoll, but very near sea level with an average elevation of on mission operations at United States Army approximately 1.5 m above mean sea level. The Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)/Ronald Reagan Test Site highest elevations are man-made hills which top (RTS). out at approximately 6 m above mean sea level. This paper will describe the development and evolution of TS Talas and its impacts on Kwajalein Atoll and USAKA/RTS. Storm data, including radar, satellite, and surface and upper air observations, and a summary of impacts will be presented. A strong correlation between Tropical Cyclone (TC) frequency and the phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been observed for the Northern Marshall Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 FCHLPM Submission
    FLORIDA COMMISSION ON HURRICANE LOSS PROJECTION METHODOLOGY November 2010 Submission May 17, 2011 Revision Florida Hurricane Model 2011a A Component of the EQECAT North Atlantic Hurricane Model in WORLDCATenterpriseTM / USWIND£ Submitted under the 2009 Standards of the FCHLPM 1 Frankfurt Irvine London Oakland Paris March 28, 2011 Tokyo Warrington Scott Wallace, Vice Chair Wilmington Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology c/o Donna Sirmons Florida State Board of Administration 1801 Hermitage Boulevard, Suite 100 Tallahassee, FL 32308 Dear Mr. Wallace, I am pleased to inform you that EQECAT, Inc. is ready for the Commission’s review and re-certification of the Florida Hurricane Model component of its WORLDCATenterpriseTM / USWIND£ software for use in Florida. As required by the Commission, enclosed are the data and analyses for the General, Meteorological, Vulnerability, Actuarial, Statistical, and Computer Standards, updated to reflect compliance with the Standards set forth in the Commission’s Report of Activities as of November 1, 2009. In addition, the EQECAT Florida Hurricane Model has been reviewed by professionals having credentials and/or experience in the areas of meteorology, engineering, actuarial science, statistics, and computer science, as documented in the signed Expert Certification (Forms G-1 to G-6). We have also completed the Editorial Certification (Form G-7). Note that we are seeking certification for our Florida Hurricane Model, which is contained in both our standalone software USWIND and our client-server software WORLDCATenterprise, as the Florida Hurricane Model is the same in the two platforms. In our submission, for simplicity we refer to the Florida Hurricane loss model common to both platforms as USWIND, and only refer to specific platform or version numbers as relevant.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Emergency Management Second Edition
    Introduction to Emergency Management Second Edition Introduction to Emergency Management Second Edition George D. Haddow Jane A. Bullock With Contributions by Damon P. Coppola Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford • Paris San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier. co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haddow, George D. Introduction to emergency management / George D. Haddow, Jane A. Bullock. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7506-7961-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Emergency management. 2. Emergency management—United States. I. Bullock, Jane A. II. Title. HV551.2.H3
    [Show full text]
  • American Memorial Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Natural Resource Condition Assessment American Memorial Park Natural Resource Report NPS/AMME/NRR—2019/1976 ON THIS PAGE A traditional sailing vessel docks in American Memorial Park’s Smiling Cove Marina Photograph by Maria Kottermair 2016 ON THE COVER American Memorial Park Shoreline and the Saipan Lagoon, looking north to Mañagaha Island. Photograph by Robbie Greene 2013 Natural Resource Condition Assessment American Memorial Park Natural Resource Report NPS/AMME/NRR—2019/1976 Robbie Greene1, Rebecca Skeele Jordan1, Janelle Chojnacki1, Terry J. Donaldson2 1 Pacific Coastal Research and Planning Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands 96950 USA 2 University of Guam Marine Laboratory UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA August 2019 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Notable Tropical Cyclones and Unusual Areas of Tropical Cyclone Formation
    A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land.[1] The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.[2] In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.[3] While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area. Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, since time out of mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and easy travel and commerce by being near water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding. The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word common to Germanic languages (compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin fluctus, flumen).
    [Show full text]