AGENDA

CONCRETE RESEARCH COUNCIL

2007 Spring Meeting ACI Convention

Tuesday, April 24, 2007 Hilton Atlanta Carter Room Atlanta, GA

11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.

1.0 APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND AGENDA 1.1 Call to Order 1.2 Approval of Minutes of CRC 2006 Fall Meeting Council is asked to approve the minutes of the meeting held in Denver on November 7, 2006. 1.3 Approval of Agenda Any items not printed in this agenda will be announced. 1.4 Announcements Chair will make any announcements to the Council.

2.0 MEMBERSHIP - Exhibit A Note that this information is consistent with the ACI Membership Database. Make necessary corrections and forward them to ACI and the CRC Secretary.

3.0 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

3.1 Vitalization and Reorganization of ConREF 3.2 New Chair of CRC 3.2 New Executive Committee

4.0 STATUS OF RESEARCH PROJECTS AND PROPOSALS - Exhibit B

4.1 CRC Research Projects

CRC Project #26 (Jolin et al– De-icing salt scaling) - Project summary by Secretary CRC Project #37 (Grace– CFRP PC box beam) – Project summary by Secretary CRC Project #40 (Gardner– Lateral pressure on ) – Project summary by Secretary CRC Project #42 (Ziehl– Insitu load testing) – Project summary by Secretary CRC Project #43 (Popovics– Modulus of ) – Project summary by Secretary

4.2 CRC Research Proposals CRC Proposal #45 by Hays and Zollo– Creep/Slip of Lightweight Concrete using expanded polystyrene (see Exhibit C) – Summary by Review Committee Chair, followed by vote at meeting to decided funding. CRC Proposal #48 by Kianoush-Concrete liquid containing structures – Summary of ballot results. CRC Proposal #49 by Brown-Shear strength of beams – Select review committee.

5.0 CURRENT FINANCIAL STATUS – Exhibit D Secretary will make presentation.

6.0 AWARDS COMMITTEE (Chair: Hanson; Members: Bracci, Fowler, Johal, Mast, Sprinkel)

7.0 OTHER BUSINESS 7.1 Review of Sponsoring Member Contribution Level 7.2 Publicity of CRC mission and activities 7.3 Collaboration possibilities with Charles Pankow Foundation 7.4 Other business

8.0 NEXT MEETING The next meeting will be held during the ACI Spring Convention in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

9.0 ADJOURNMENT

Copy w/attachments: CRC Members; ConREF Board of Trustees; Concrete Research Council - Roster as of 4/9/07

Sanders, Joseph C (Chair) Cagley, James R Hanson, John M Charles Pankow Builders Ltd Cagley & Associates Hanson Consulting Associates Ste 100 6141 Executive Blvd 301 Crabtree Crossing Pkwy 3280 E Foothill Blvd Rockville, MD 20852-3901 Cary, NC 27513-3458 Pasadena, CA 91107-3180 Phone: (301) 881-9050 Phone: (919) 467-0617 Phone: (626) 304-1190 Fax: (301) 881-1125 Fax: (919) 469-0570 Fax: (626) 304-1782 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member ACI Member Carter, Paul D Hoff, George C Kosmatka, Steven H (Vice Chair) CH2M Hill Canada Ltd Hoff Consulting LLC Portland Association 8th Floor / Highfield Place 250 Saddlewood Lane 5420 Old Orchard Rd 10010-106 St Clinton, MS 39056 Skokie, IL 60077-1053 Edmonton, AB T5J 3L8 Canada Phone: (601) 925-4070 Phone: (847) 972-9164 Phone: (780) 409-9298 Fax: (601) 925-4070 Fax: (847) 966-8389 - Fax: (780) 409-9302 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member ACI Member Jirsa, James O Nanni, Antonio (Vice Chair) Dongell, Jonathan E University of Texas at Austin University of Miami General Cement Co LLC Bldg 177/PRC Dept of Civil Arch & Environ Engrg P M B 981 10100 Burnet Rd 1251 Memorial Drive Rm 325 Ste 100 Austin, TX 78758-4445 Coral Gables, FL 33146-2509 11259 E Via Linda Phone: (512) 232-1706 Phone: (305) 284-3461 Scottsdale, AZ 85259-4076 Fax: (512) 471-1944 Fax: (305) 284-3492 Phone: 602-315-2263 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (480)860-5787 ACI Member ACI Member E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member Johal, L S Paul Bracci, Joseph M (Secretary) Precast Prestressed Conc Inst Texas A & M University Fowler, David W Ste 500 Civil Engineering Department University of Texas 209 W Jackson Blvd 3136 Tamus ECJ 5-200 Chicago, IL 60606-6938 College Station, TX 77843-0001 301 E Dean Keeton Phone: (312) 360-3213 Phone: (979) 845-3750 Austin, TX 78712-1076 Fax: (312) 786-0353 Fax: (979) 845-6554 Phone: (512) 471-4498 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (512) 471-3191 ACI Member ACI Member E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member Kahn, Lawrence F Voting Members Georgia Institute of Technology Glassgold, Jill E School of Civil & Env Engineering Attiogbe, Emmanuel K Masonry Resurfacing & Constr Co Inc 790 Atlantic Dr BASF Admixtures Inc Ste 2 Atlanta, GA 30332-0001 23700 Chagrin Blvd 33 Stahls Point Rd Phone: (404) 894-8021 Beachwood, OH 44122-5506 Baltimore, MD 21226-1749 Fax: (404) 894-8014 Phone: (216) 839-7215 Phone: (410) 355-4390 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (216) 839-8801 Fax: (410) 355-1365 ACI Member E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member Mast, Robert F BERGER/ABAM Engineers Inc Busel, John P Gustafson, David P Ste 300 Amer Composites Manufacturers Assoc Conc Reinforcing Steel Inst 33301 9th Ave S 157 Fisher Ave / Room 3B 933 N Plum Grove Rd Federal Way, WA 98003-2600 Eastchester, NY 10709-2600 Schaumburg, IL 60173-4758 Phone: (206) 431-2300 Phone: (914) 961-8007 Phone: 847517120013 Fax: (206) 431-2250 Fax: (914) 961-8004 Fax: (847) 517-1206 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member ACI Member Meininger, Richard C Smith, Robert G FHWA TFHRC Erico Product Inc 5383 Mad River Ln 145 Country Club Cir Columbia, MD 21044-1840 Southern Pines, NC 28387-6501 Phone: (202) 493-3191 Phone: (910) 692-3934 Fax: (202) 493-3161 Fax: (910) 692-3773 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member

Mlakar, Paul F Sprinkel, Michael M US Army Engrg Rsrch & Devel Ctr Virginia Transporation Rsch Council 3909 Halls Ferry Rd (CEWES-SC) 530 Edgemont Rd Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Charlottesville, VA 22903-2454 Phone: (601)634-3251 Phone: (434) 293-1941 Fax: (601) 634-2211 Fax: (434) 293-1990 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member

Mujumdar, Vilas S Stoppenhagen,Dan National Science Foundation Fluor Enterprises Ste 585 2400 Cliffs Edge Dr 4201 Wilson Blvd Austin, TX 78733-6030 Arlington, VA 22230-0002 Phone: (512) 343-1111 Phone: (703) 292-7262 Fax: (512) 343-1178 Fax: (703) 292-9051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member Tikalsky, Paul J University of Utah Murray, Myles A 104 CME Apt 18 122 S Central Campus Dr 6301 Perry Park Blvd Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0610 Larkspur, CO 80118-9747 Phone: (801) 581-6931 Phone: (303) 681-2737 Fax: (801) 585-5477 Fax: (303) 681-2719 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member Zia, Paul Ramsey, Richard A North Carolina State Univ Ramsey & Assoc Consultants Dept of CE 102 Harness Ln Campus Box 7908 Georgetown, TX 78628-4881 Raleigh, NC 27695-0001 Phone: (512) 864-7811 Fax: (919) 515-7908 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member ACI Member

Ries,John Expanded Shale Clay/Slate Inst Ste 102 2225 Murray Holladay Rd Salt Lake City, UT 84117-5385 Phone: (801) 272-7070 Fax: (801) 272-3377 E-mail: [email protected] ACI Member CRC FUNDING STATUS SPREADSHEET Prop. Date Proposal Title Name of PI Organization Total Requested CRC Other Funding Date to Status/Notes No. Pre/Full Affiliation ACI Proposal Amount Grant Sources Committee; Date COMPLETE: Proposal Committee Budget From CRC Amount Recommendation Funding Dispersed; Submitted Received Does Not Indicate Research Status #49 4/13/2007 Effect of Longitudinal and Transverse Michael Brown ACI 445 (Sanders) $92,135 $16,000 Ohio U. Reinforcement on the Shear Strength of Continuous RC Beams

#48 1/15/2007 Crack and Leakage Control Criteria for Reza Kianoush ACI 350 (Sachdev) $116,370 $30,370 $20,000 Cement Assoc CA, 1/25/2007 Award 4/9/07 Concrete Liquid Containing Structures NSERC

#47 11/27/2006 Behavior of RC Circular Columns under Riyadh Hindi ACI 341 (Valluvan) $29,900 $19,000 Academic 11/27/2006 Decline funding on Cyclic Torsion 1/25/2007

#46 10/3/2006 Structural Performance Evaluations: A FRC Ronald Zollo ACI 544 (Banthia) $40,000 $20,000 Academic 10/12/2006 Decline funding on Floor Slab System 1/29/07

#45 9/25/2006 Creep Testing and Bond-Slip Investigations Carol Hays ACI 550 (Galinat) $20,000 $20,000 n/a 10/12/2006 In review Applied to Lightweight Concrete using Expanded Polystyrene

#44 5/12/2006 Structureal Model Validation of RC Ahsan Kareem ACI 375 (Bracci) $107,600 $21,000 Academic 5/15/2006 Decline funding on Buildings based on In-Situ Measurements 8/29/06

#43 3/21/2006 A Study of Static and Dynamic Modulus of John Popovics ACI 363 (Calderone) $19,952 $19,952 $19,952 Academic 4/16/2006 Award on 7/20/06 Concrete

#42 12/22/2005 CLT and AE Methods of In-Situ Load Paul Ziehl ACI 437 (Nanni) ~$120,000 $9,550 $9,550 Academic 3/28/2006 Award on 4/11/06 Testing: Comparison and Development of Evaluation Criteria

#41 Full 10/05 Development of Performance Criteria for Beniot Bissonnette ACI TRRC $325,000 $45,000 $0 Gov't, academic and Declined 11/8/05 Surface Preparation of Concrete Substrates corporate Encouraged to revise prior to Repair and Overlay and resubmit. 4/17 Fund with compliance with reviewer comments #40 Full 10/05 Lateral Pressure on Formwork and Rheology John Gardner 347 $115,000 $12,500 $12,500 Degussa, NSERC 3/28/2006 Decline 12/17/05. of Self Consolidating Concrete Encouraged to revise and resubmit. Awarded on 4/11/06

#39 Full 07/05 Ultimate Strength of Mechanical Splices Louis Colarusso 318 ? $66,950 $10,000 $0 ERICO and NSF 09/16/05 Declined 11/8/05 under Blast Loading

#38 Full 08/04 The Development,Production, and Norbert Maerz None $15,003 $10,002 $0 U of M Rolla (University08/04; 10/04 Not Approved for Distribution of New Concrete Surface Transportation Center, Funding Roughness Profile Standards Rock Mechanics Center)

#37 Full03/04 Innovative CFRP Box- Nabil Grace None $473,700 $20,000 $10,000 NSF, PSI, Inc., 08/04; 09/04. Recommended for Beam Bridge System Diversified Composites, funding of $5000 Inc., Lawrence pending endorsement by Technological Univ. ACI440. Revised funding to $10,000.Check sent 2/18/05 #36 Full 02/04 Development of a Model Performance Jim Koch ConREF SDC $100,000 $20,000 $0 RMC Research Withdrawn Specification for Concrete direct $335000 Foundation, ASCC in-kind

#35 Full 08/03 Experimental Evaluation of Strut Strength in James Wight Committee 318 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 University of Michigan 09/03; 12/19/03 Recommended for Deep Concrete Members with Minimum funding. Check sent Sheer Reinforcement 12/03. Project COMPLETE 3/28/06 #34 Full:10/02 Inspection and Deterioration of Bridge Nabil Grace Committee 440 $373,000 $20,000 $0 Lawrence Technological 04/17/03; 5/20/03 Not recommended for Decks constructed of stay-in-place metal University; funding. forms and epoxy coated reinforcement

#33 Full: 11/02 Heat Island Effects - Experiments for Earth Luke Snell Committee 325 $69,300 $69,300 $0 Southern Illinois 11/8/02; 12/05/02 Not recommended for Science students and/or Physics High School University - Funding Students Edwardsville #32 Full: 10/02 Performance of High Strength Concrete Patrick Sullivan None $0 City University, Aston 1/22/02; 6/26/03; $16000 contingent upon under Fire University, Florida 3/28/04 confirmed funding from State,NRC of Canada, the EPSRC - others. Withdrawn due to lack of external funding

#31 Full: 10/02 Fremantle Ports - Field Exposure James Aldred Committees 201, $86,500 $16,500 $0 Elkem, Zypex, Allcrete, TG Assigned Not recommended for Trials…Concrete enhancing materials in the 212, 232, 233, 234, Boral, Sika, Grace, funding. Splash Zone in Fremantle,m Western 365, 515 & 546 others Australia #30 Full:09/02 Use of GFRP as an External Reinforcement Ali Memari $90,000 $10,000 $0 Penn State University, 09/11/02; 10/29/02 Not recommended for for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Members Master Builders, Inc., funding Babb International, Inc.

#29 Full: 01/02 Continuation of Project #17 (Ferarris). Chiara Ferarris Committee 236 $75,000 $8,000 $8,000 NIST; MBT; W.R. 02/17/02; Approved for Fuinding. Comparative Tests of Concrete Rheometers (Paid 03/03) Grace; Laval U; Uni. Completed 10/04 (Part 2). College London #28 Full:09/12 ACI 365 Chloride Database on Field Jacques Marchand, ACI Committee $60,000 $20,000 None 12/19/2001; Not recommended for Structures For Corrosion Service Life Eric Sampson, Paul 365,ACI Committee 02/14/02 funding by task group. Modeling Tourney 222 Returned to PI for additional work. Prop. Date Proposal Title Name of PI Organization Total Requested CRC Other Funding Date to Status/Notes No. Pre/Full Affiliation ACI Proposal Amount Grant Sources Committee; Date COMPLETE: Proposal Committee Budget From CRC Amount Recommendation Funding Dispersed; Submitted Received Does Not Indicate Research Status #27 Full:07/11 Performance Based Seismic Design of Reza Kianoush, Ryerson University; $128,000 $63,920 None Ryerson Univ; NSERC 9/14/01; Review Complete; Concrete Liquid Containing Structures W.K. Tso ACI Committee 350 Review committee does not recommend funding. PI Notified #26 Full: 05/01 R&D Consortium on De-Icing Salt Scaling Doug Hooton, Alain CANMET; ACI $225,000 $20,000 $20,000 DNR Canada; ICON- 05/25/01; 06/21/01 TG Review Complete; Resistance of Concrete Incorporating Bilodeau, Benoit Committee 232 MTL/CANMET CRC Approved w/ Supplementary Cementing Materials Fournier some comments. PI Notified 8/15;

#25 Full: 03/01 Development of a Concrete Substrate Luc Courard, Marc Laval University, $162,500 $30,000 None Canadian & Belgium 05/04/01; 07/03/01 TG Review Complete Characretization Test for Durable Repair Jolin, Benoit Univ. of Liege, ACI Govt. Corporate 7/01. Not recommen- Works Bissonette Committee 364: ded for funding ; PI Notified of comments 5/02 #24 Full: 11/00 High Performance Partially Precast Hybrid Profl Neven North Carolina State $150,000 $15,000 None NSF 12/15/2000 Review Complete; FRP-HPFRC Members for Icreasing Fire Krstulovic-Opara Univ; ACI 440, 544; Reviewer notified w/ Resistance and Ductility Budget: 300,000; comments 1/30/01. No Request: 20K response.

#23 Full: 10/00 A Literature Review on Cladding Panels and Prof. Ali M. Memari Pennsylvania State $150,000 $20,000 None NSF, Penn State 12/15/2000; Review Complete. Not Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Univ; Budget: 150K; Resubmitted 8/7/01 recommended for Request:20K funding.

#22 Full: 10/00 Effect of Core Conditioning method on the R. D. Burg, R. D. Construction Tech. $215,000 $60,000 $20,000 NRMCA, PCA 11/00; 1/01 Approved for funding; Measurd Composite Strength of Concrete Gaynor Labs; NRMCA Ballot to Council 1/01, Council Approved Funding. Check sent 5/01, COMPLETE

#21 Full: 8/00 Performance Evaluation of Prof. Pedro Silva University of None UTC, UMR, Oden 10/1/2000; NOT APPROVED Deck Slabs Missouri - Rolla; Enterprises FOR FUNDING Budget 395K; Request 20K #20 Full: 6/00 Durability Design of Post-Tensioned Prof. Andrea Penn State None NSF, Penn State July 31, 2000; NOT APPROVED Members Under Cyclic Loading in an Schokker University; Budget Returned 8/22/00 FOR FUNDING Aggressive Environment 395K; Requested: 20K #19 Full: 3/00 Development of Tests to Predict the Prof. Michel Pigeon/ CREEP; Univ. of $300,000 $45,000 $20,000 Sika; Conproco; SPS; June 8, 2000; 20K 12/00 Performance of Concete Repair Materials Dr. Alexander Laval; TRRC, FHA; US Naval COE; July 27, 2000 COMPLETE Vaysburd Structural USBR; Laval Univ. Preservation Systems

#18 Full: 3/00 Long Term Durability of Bridge Decks Prof. Andrea Penn State $1,000,000 $20,000 $20,000 PennDOT; April 28, 2000; 20K 11/00 Schokker University, ACI 222, Association; IPA; May 23, 2000 COMPLETE THPC Federal Highway Administration (FHA)

#17 Full: 3/00 Comparative Tests of Concrete Rheometers Chiara Ferraris, NIST; ACI $46,500 $8,000 $8,000 NIST; MBT; W.R. April 27, 2000; 7.2K 9/00 0.8K 11/00 Lynn Brower Subcommittee 236- Grace; Laval U; Uni. June 14, 2000 COMPLETE A, Master Builders College London & Herion-Watt Uni; LCPC; Dr. Wallevik; Cemagraf

#16 Pre: 12/99 Development and Evaluation of Innovative Dr. Nabil Grace Lawrence Tech $280,000 $20,000 $20,000 LTU; NSF; Baker January 3, 2000; 20K To be mailed Full: 6/00 FRP Braided Fabric for Strengthening University Concrete Tech./DFI June 13, 2000 1/2001 Infrastructures 1/2/01 #15 Pre: 11/99 Environmental Durability Evaluation of FRP Dr. Nabil Grace Lawrence Tech $767,000 $20,000 $20,000 LTU; Mich., Ohio, January 3, 2000/ 20K 11/00 Full: 6/00 Composite Strengthened Reinforced University Minn., N.Y., and Penn. June 3, 2000 COMPLETE Concrete Bridges/ Structures Depts. of Transportation; FHWA

#14 Pre: 10/99 Design and Quality Control of Concrete Norbert Delatte UAB Engineering $200,000 $20,000 $20,000 UAB; UTCA January 3, 2000/ 20K 11/00 Full: 7/00 Overlays and Repairs School; ACI March 21, 2000 COMPLETE Committee 325 #13 Full: 8/99 Development of a Prototype Imaging Dr. John Myers Missouri-Rolla $750,000 $10,500 $10,500 UTC at Missouri-Rolla; October 14, 1999/ Check mailed ($9,450) Concrete Roughness Measurement Device University FHWA December 9, 1999 5/16/00 1.05k 11/00 COMPLETE

#12 Full: 8/99 The Influence of Surface Area to Volume Dr. John Myers Missouri-Rolla $180,000 $12,000 $12,000 UTC at Missouri-Rolla; October 14, 1999/ Check mailed ($10,800) Ratio on the Quality Control of HPC University ACI 363, FHWA/MoDOT January 27, 2000 5/16/00 1.2K 11/00 231 COMPLETE

#11 Full: 6/99 Energy Dissipation in Fiber Reinforced Dr. Sarah Billington Cornell University $245,000 $15,000 $15,000 NSF; Cornell U.; June 18, 1999/ Check mailed (13,500) Concrete Hinge Regions with Unbonded PCA/PCI July 15, 1999 4/28/00 1.5K Post-tensioning 11/00 COMPLETE

#10 Full: 3/99 Concrete Lateral Pressures on Formwork Dr. David Johnston NC State University NSF 5/4/1999 Not Approved by NSF ACI 347; Budget 464K; Request:20K

#9 Pre: 11/98 Reinforcement Encasement Evaluation and Denis Beaupré Université Laval; $230,000 37,500.00 $20,000 ASA; NSERC; Quebec March 5, 1999/ 18K sent 8/00; 2K Full: 11/99 its Effect on Shotcrete Quality ACI Committees (12,500 /yr) DOT; Laval U. June 1, 1999 11/00 COMPLETE C660 and 506 #7 Pre: 5/98 Design Procedures for Grouted Concrete Prof. Ronald Cook ACI 355, Univ. of $40,000 $10,000 $10,000 Univ. of Florida, Apr-98 9K 6/98; 1K 8/98 Full: 2/98 Anchors Florida hardware manufacturers COMPLETE

#6 Pre: 3/96 Seismic Designs of Circular Prestressed Nigel Priestley Seqad Consulting $50,000 $10,000 $10,000 California-American May 10, 1996/ Check mailed ($9,000) Full: 3/98 Concrete Storage Tanks Engineers/ ACI Water Company; June 10, 1996 11/28/98 1K 11/00 Committee 373 Indianapolis Water COMPLETE Company; AWWA Research Committee #5 Pre: 4/98 New approach to Innovative Multi-Span Dr. Nabil Grace Lawrence $245,000 $20,000 $20,000 NSF, ODOT, DFI Jun-98 2K 4/98; 20K 10/99 Full: 1/98 Bridge Systems Technological Univ., COMPLETE ODOT #4 Pre: 12/97 Finishing Treatment Effects on DelaminationCarl Bimel ACI 302 $30,000 $10,000 $10,000 Allen Engineering, Mar-98 10K 4/98; COMPLETE Full: 1/98 of Concrete Slabs Baker Concrete, ACI #2 Pre: 7/96 Innovative System of continuous Prestressed Dr. Nabil Grace Lawrence $210,000 $18,000 $18,000 NSF, LTU 3/1/1997; 16K 7/97; 2K 3/98 Full: 1/97 Composite Bridges Technological Univ., COMPLETE PCI #1 Pre: 3/98 Develop. Digital Imaging Tech. To Acquire Edward O'Neill US Army ERDC, US Army Corps of Jan. 3, 2000; Feb. Hold (PI awaiting for Full: 10/99 Microscopic Deformation Maps of Cement. ACI 118 Budget: Engineers; NSF 24, 2000 NSF award) Matl 157K; Request: 15K

PROPOSAL FOR CONCRETE RESEARCH COUNCIL (CRC) PROJECT

Date: September 22, 2006

Submitted by : Carol D. Hays, Ph.D., P.E. Adjunct Professor Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables, Florida

Project Title: Creep Testing and Bond-Slip Investigations Applied to Lightweight Concrete Made Using Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

Project Funding:

Nova Chemicals, Inc. $107,067.90 ACI-CRC $ 20,000.00

Principal Investigator: Carol D. Hays, Ph.D., P.E. Assisting Co-Investigator: Ronald F. Zollo, Ph.D., P.E.

OBJECTIVE

Technological advances associated with batching, mixing and placing based concrete materials have fostered innovation throughout the construction industry. Developments in synthetic and chemical admixtures, mixing machinery, curing techniques, just for example, have been applied separately or in combination to the economical production of cement based materials exhibiting a broad spectrum of performance characteristics. Some of these developments have been applied to new systems of lightweight that exhibit high potential for structural applications.

One such formulation, using expanded polystyrene (EPS) as an admixture, has been under study by the writer and associates at the University of Miami. This system allows the production of lightweight concrete, 110 to 115pcf (1760 to 1840 kg/m3) that provides relatively high early strength, at least up to 4ksi (28MPa) in one day, and one that meets or exceeds performance requirements suitable to the pre-cast and pre-stressed concrete industries.

Sand lightweight concrete has been proposed in various forms. In whatever form, and including the current EPS system under study, creep characteristics must be clearly understood and demonstrated. This is especially true for structural systems analysis including possible pre-stressed or post tensioned applications. In addition, if the EPS system is to be used for pre-cast, pre-stressed elements then it is essential to investigate the bond forces that can be developed in the lightweight formulation such as to prevent slip from occurring at the steel and concrete interface.

1

The first phase of research, in which the writer is Co-PI, involves the assessment of a broad range of material performance characteristics and design parameters that are required by design engineers. In this initial phase, basic static mechanical properties are established including compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, modulus of rupture, shear strength and abrasion resistance. During this phase a creep test apparatus is being developed to permit simultaneous testing of up to three concrete formulations and a series of preliminary tests using EPS lightweight concrete was conducted. However, for the limited tests conducted no conclusions could be made to establish comparisons among the many alternative lightweight concrete production methodologies including some of which are understood to be in current use.

Another performance characteristic required in the assessment of the proposed EPS formulation is the bond-slip response of embedded reinforcing bars. No studies of this nature were proposed in this first phase of research.

The objective of this proposed phase of EPS lightweight concrete development is twofold. One objective is to establish creep characteristics of current EPS formulations and of other EPS batch designs including the use of steel fiber, and to compare, using side by side testing in a controlled environment, creep performance with that of lightweight concrete similar to that known to be currently in use in the concrete industry. The second objective is to compare the bond-slip response of embedded reinforcing bars in the same three batch designs used for creep performance testing.

The proposed research will provide preliminary data that is required for the pursuit of larger grants from industry sources or from agencies such as the National Science Foundation. These monies will be used as a basis for future grants to test full- scale specimens in the laboratory that will study the bond-slip response of post-tensioned and pre-stressed reinforcement in EPS lightweight plain and fiber-.

CRC funding is critical to complete the project and to secure industry sponsorship. This support will lead to continued future work that will benefit both industry and the design professional.

RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

In many applications lightweight concrete can be used where there is not a continuous armature of adequate dimension and rigidity as required to control creep deformations. In pre-stressed or post-tension applications loss of tendon stress is affected by material creep behavior as is bond and anchorage requirements. The proposed test program will be educational and informative to the industry and to design professionals. It is also a necessary supplement to the body of knowledge regarding lightweight that has already been established in earlier research.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Three different lightweight concrete formulations will be simultaneously tested for creep characteristics according to ASTM C512. One of these will be a formulation known to be in use in the pre-cast industry at the present time. The second will be an established EPS formulation used in the earlier research. The third will be an EPS formulation that incorporates steel fiber reinforcement.

All batches will be prepared on the same day. The batches will use, as much as possible, identical mixture components and admixtures from a single carefully controlled source of supply. As is required by the test protocol, a minimum of six 6in diameter standard concrete cylinders will be cast. Cure conditions will be controlled and identically applied including that after 24 hours they will be stored in a moisture controlled facility until they are to be capped and prepared for strength and creep test initiation after seven days. It is anticipated that the creep test should be monitored for a minimum of three months.

The same three batch designs used for creep testing will be used in evaluating the bond-slip characteristics of reinforcing bars in lightweight formulations. The testing will utilize flexural beam specimens similar to those used in a study by Harajli, Hamad and Karam (2002). The beams will be loaded in four-point bending with the reinforcing bars spliced in the constant moment region. Measurements to be recorded will include the slip of the spliced re-bars and the mid-span deflection of the beam.

The results of this work will be documented in a final report to CRC. It is also anticipated that the results of the proposed research will be suitable for publication in the ACI Materials Journal or in other special publications volume of an ACI sponsored seminar.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS

Benefits to ACI Technical Committee Activities

The ACI technical committees that will benefit from this research effort will be Committee 209, Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete; Committee 213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete; Committee 408, Bond and Development of Reinforcement; and Committee 544, Fiber Reinforced Concrete.

Benefits to ACI Educational Committee Activities

The research will involve both graduate and undergraduate research assistants.

Benefits to the Concrete Industry

The concrete industry will benefit from this research as it will aid in the determination of the suitability of alternative lightweight concrete formulations that may

3 be used in the pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete industries. For many structural elements creep and bond-slip characteristics must be taken into account by design engineers and pre-cast concrete manufacturers. It is difficult, if not impossible, to make creep performance projections based on previously reported lightweight concrete mixture designs that do not incorporate the EPS admixture. Accurate information must be obtained for the specific mixture design. It is also important to supplement the body of knowledge relating to the effects of a particular lightweight concrete formulation on the development strength of reinforcing bars in tension.

Proposed Work Plan

The proposed work plan will be to first set up the creep test as it is planned to monitor the creep specimens for three months. Six 6in diameter cylinders will be cast. The cylinders will be stored in a moisture controlled facility for seven days before the creep testing is initiated. Three 6in wide by 8in deep by 48in long (150 by 200 by 1200 mm) flexural beam specimens will be cast (one from each different lightweight concrete formulation). The beams will be stored in a moisture controlled facility for seven days before flexural testing is initiated. Testing will be performed on a 200kip (900kN) capacity universal testing machine.

References

Harajli, M., Hamad, B., and Karam, K. (2002). “Bond-slip Response of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Plain and Fiber Concrete.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Nov/Dec 2002, 503-511.

Total CRC-ACI Project Budget

Salaries - PI’s $6,000.00 - Graduate Student 3,600.00 - Undergraduate Student 1,000.00 Materials, Equipment & Supplies 3,400.00 Machine Shop 2,000.00

Total $16,000.00 University Overhead (25%) 4,000.00

Total CRC-ACI Funding Requested $20,000.00

4 NOVA Chemicals 400 Frankfort Road Monaca, Pennsylvania 15061 Telephone (724) 774-1000

September 21, 2006

Professor Joe Bracci Concrete Research Council American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331

RE: Support of CRC Research

Dear Professor Bracci:

The purpose of this letter is to support the concrete research proposed by Carol Hays of the University of Miami. The Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Miami has a solid reputation for research. Carol Hays, Ph.D., P.E. and Ron Zollo, Ph.D., P.E. are well respected in their fields of study. They have authored numerous articles and performed a great deal of research to advance the uses of concrete.1 Dr. Hays has served as President of ACI’s South Florida chapter. Dr. Zollo is an ACI and ASCE Fellow. Both have been active in ACI and ASTM committees on concrete. We believe they are well equipped to study compressive creep and bond-slip of lightweight concrete containing expandable polystyrene (EPS).

NOVA Chemicals is convinced that EPS may be utilized in concrete as more than a light-weighting element. In-house research has shown EPS to increase the R-value of concrete as well as improve the resistance to water absorption. The proposed research would be of value in investigating pertinent structural properties of lightweight concrete made with EPS.

CRC funding would enable the University of Miami to explore new areas of performance for lightweight concrete containing EPS that are not otherwise supported. So with this letter I encourage you to review Dr. Hay’s proposal and grant research funds to the project.

Regards,

Tricia Guevara

Tricia Guevara Development Scientist (724-770-5539)

1 “Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Walls Using Insulated Formwork”, Concrete International, October 2003 “Analysis of Variables Influencing the Average-Residual Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete”, Cement Concrete and Aggregates, June 2002

T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F B R I T I S H C O L U M B I A

Prof. Nemkumar Banthia Department of Civil Engineering 2024-6250 Applied Sciences Lane Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4

Tel: (604) 822-9541 Fax: (604) 822-6901 E-MAIL: [email protected]

April 10, 2007

Professor Joe Bracci Concrete Research Council American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331

RE: Creep Testing and Bond-Slip Investigations Applied to Lightweight Concrete Made Using Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

Dear Professor Bracci:

I am writing this letter in support of the above referenced research as the Chairman of ACI Committee 544 Fiber Reinforced Concrete. The authors of the proposal, Carol D. Hays and Ronald F. Zollo, are known to me as active members of Committee 544.

The research will investigate lightweight concrete formulations. One aspect of the research will incorporate steel fibers and will provide data as a basis for evaluating the effect of the fiber component on creep performance. The research will also investigate the effect of the fiber addition on the transfer of stress between lightweight concrete and conventional reinforcement. These areas of research are of interest to our Committee as a needed contribution to the continued development of the use of fibers in concrete.

Speaking on behalf of ACI Committee 544, the proposed research is timely and useful and I strongly recommend that CRC award funding for this research project.

Sincerely,

Nemkumar Banthia, Ph.D., P.Eng. FACI, FCAE, FICI, FCSCE Professor of Civil Engineering, Distinguished University Scholar and Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Sustainability