DOCSLIB.ORG

Arched Bridges Lily Beyer University of New Hampshire - Main Campus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arched Bridges Lily Beyer University of New Hampshire - Main Campus University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2012 Arched Bridges Lily Beyer University of New Hampshire - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/honors Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Beyer, Lily, "Arched Bridges" (2012). Honors Theses and Capstones. 33. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/33 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE CIVIL ENGINEERING Arched Bridges History and Analysis Lily Beyer 5/4/2012 An exploration of arched bridges design, construction, and analysis through history; with a case study of the Chesterfield Brattleboro Bridge. UNH Civil Engineering Arched Bridges Lily Beyer Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: History of Arched Bridges ....................................................................................... 3 What is an Arch .................................................................................................................... 3 Arch Forms ........................................................................................................................... 7 Roman Arches ....................................................................................................................... 9 Middle Ages ........................................................................................................................ 11 Asian Bridges ...................................................................................................................... 14 Steel Arches ........................................................................................................................ 15 Reinforced Concrete ........................................................................................................... 18 Chapter II: Design of an Arch ................................................................................................. 27 Shape of the Arch................................................................................................................ 27 Arch Ribs ............................................................................................................................ 29 Behavior under load ............................................................................................................ 34 Construction ........................................................................................................................ 37 Chapter III: Analysis of an Arch ............................................................................................. 42 Three-pinned Arch Analysis ............................................................................................... 43 Two-pinned Arch Analysis ................................................................................................. 50 Influence Line to Reaction .................................................................................................. 58 Chapter IV: Chesterfield Brattleboro Bridge Analysis ........................................................... 59 History of the Bridge .......................................................................................................... 59 Analysis............................................................................................................................... 61 Dead Load ........................................................................................................................... 66 Live Load ............................................................................................................................ 71 Axial Force.......................................................................................................................... 73 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 75 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 77 i UNH Civil Engineering Arched Bridges Lily Beyer List of Figures Figure 1: Forces in an arch ........................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2: Arched beam.............................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3: Corbelled Arch .......................................................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Arch End Conditions ................................................................................................. 5 Figure 5: Steel hinge at the end of an arch at UNH’s Wittemore Center ................................. 6 Figure 6: Mike O'Callaghan - Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge ................................................... 6 Figure 7: Typical Barrel Arch ................................................................................................... 7 Figure 8: Arched Bridge, Westford MA ................................................................................... 7 Figure 9: Typical Arch-Deck Bridge ........................................................................................ 8 Figure 10: Robert Maillart's Bridge at Salginatobel ................................................................. 8 Figure 11: Typical Tied Arch Bridge........................................................................................ 9 Figure 12: Sydney Harbor Bridge ............................................................................................. 9 Figure 13: Pont du Gard Aqueduct ......................................................................................... 10 Figure 14: Ponte Rotto in Rome ............................................................................................. 11 Figure 15: Pont d'Avignon ...................................................................................................... 12 Figure 16: Section of a Gothic Cathedral ............................................................................... 13 Figure 17: Bridge at Neuilly by Perronet ................................................................................ 13 Figure 18: Zhaozhuo Bridge ................................................................................................... 15 Figure 19: Ironbridge .............................................................................................................. 16 Figure 20: Garabit Viaduct ..................................................................................................... 17 Figure 21: Västerbron (West Bridge) in Stockholm ............................................................... 18 Figure 22: Hennebique system for reinforced concrete .......................................................... 19 Figure 23: Stauffacher Bridge by Maillart ............................................................................. 20 Figure 24: Hollow Arch System by Maillart .......................................................................... 21 Figure 25: Tavanasa Bridge by Maillart ................................................................................. 22 Figure 26: Schwandbach Bridge ............................................................................................. 23 Figure 27: Tunkhannock Viaduct ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 28: Plougastel Bridge .................................................................................................. 25 Figure 29: Krk Island Bridges................................................................................................. 26 Figure 30: Hanging chain forming a catenary shape .............................................................. 28 Figure 31: Three types of arches, with varying rib thickness ................................................. 30 Figure 32: Maillart's bridge at Vessy - note the variation in rib depth ................................... 31 Figure 33: Pinned Abutment Connection for Truss Bridge .................................................... 32 Figure 34: Steel hinges in concrete arch ................................................................................. 32 Figure 35: Reinforced concrete hinge at springing of Salginatobel Bridge ............................ 33 ii UNH Civil Engineering Arched Bridges Lily Beyer Figure 36: Imperfectly fitted arches, resulting in pinned behavior ......................................... 34 Figure 37: Arch bending under unbalanced load .................................................................... 35 Figure 38: Actions of a deck stiffened
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Suspension Bridges
    Types of Bridges What are bridges used for? What bridges have you seen in real life? Where were they? Were they designed for people to walk over? Do you know the name and location of any famous bridges? Did you know that there is more than one type of design for bridges? Let’s take a look at some of them. Suspension Bridges A suspension bridge uses ropes, chains or cables to hold the bridge in place. Vertical cables are spaced out along the bridge to secure the deck area (the part that you walk or drive over to get from one side of the bridge to the other). Suspension bridges can cover large distances. Large pillars at either end of the waterways are connected with cables and the cables are secured, usually to the ground. Due to the variety of materials and the complicated design, suspension bridges are very expensive to build. Suspension Bridges The structure of suspension bridges has changed throughout the years. Jacob’s Creek Bridge in Pennsylvania was built in 1801. It was the first suspension bridge to be built using wrought iron chain suspensions. It was 21 metres long. If one single link in a chain is damaged, it weakens the whole chain which could lead to the collapse of the bridge. For this reason, wire or cable is used in the design of suspension bridges today. Even though engineer James Finlay promised that the bridge would stay standing for 50 years, it was damaged in 1825 and replaced in 1833. Suspension Bridges Akashi Kaiko Bridge, Japan The world’s longest suspension bridge is the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges
    10/23/2014 Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications • Bridges are used to span across distances that are difficult to otherwise pass through. • Rivers • Deep gorges • Other roadways Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges • There are four basic types of bridges – Arch – Beam – Suspension – Cable‐stayed • Each type has different design and is therefore better suited to different applications 1 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. Abutments, carry • These supports, called the abutments, carry the load the load and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward. and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • When supporting its own weight and the • Today, materials like steel and pre‐stressed weight of crossing traffic, every part of the concrete have made it possible to build longer arch is under compression. and more elegant arches. • For this reason, arch bridges must be made of materials that are strong under compression. New River Gorge, – Rock West Virginia. – Concrete 2 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Usually arch bridges employ vertical supports • Typically, arch bridges span between 200 and called spandrels to distribute the weight of 800 feet. the roadway to the arch below. Arch Bridges One of the most revolutionary arch bridges in recent years is the Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge in Franklin, Tennessee, which was opened to traffic in 1994. It's the first American arch bridge to be constructed from segments of precast concrete, a highly economical material.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Steel Construction 2009
    Reprinted from 2009 MSC Steel Bridges 2009 Welcome to Steel Bridges 2009! This publication contains all bridge related information collected from Modern Steel Construction magazine in 2009. These articles have been combined into one organized document for our readership to access quickly and easily. Within this publication, readers will find information about Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), short span steel bridge solutions, NSBA Prize Bridge winners, and advancement in coatings technologies among many other interesting topics. Readers may also download any and all of these articles (free of charge) in electronic format by visiting www.modernsteel.org. The National Steel Bridge Alliance would like to thank everyone for their strong dedication to improving our nation’s infrastructure, and we look forward to what the future holds! Sincerely, Marketing Director National Steel Bridge Alliance Table of Contents March 2009: Up and Running in No Time........................................................................................... 3 March 2009: Twice as Nice .................................................................................................................. 6 March 2009: Wide River ..................................................................................................................... 8 March 2009: Over the Rails in the Other Kansas City ........................................................................ 10 July 2009: Full House .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Innovative Comparison of Costs Between Tied-Arch Bridge and Cable-Stayed Bridge
    MATEC Web of Conferences 258, 02015 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20192 5802015 SCESCM 20 18 Simple innovative comparison of costs between tied-arch bridge and cable-stayed bridge Järvenpää Esko1,*, Quach Thanh Tung2 1WSP Finland, Oulu, Finland 2WSP Finland, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Abstract. The proposed paper compares tied-arch bridge alternatives and cable-stayed bridge alternatives based on needed load-bearing construction material amounts in the superstructure. The comparisons are prepared between four tied arch bridge solutions and four cable-stayed bridge solutions of the same span lengths. The sum of the span lengths is 300 m. The rise of arch as well as the height of pylon and cable arrangements follow optimal dimensions. The theoretic optimum rise of tied-arch for minimum material amount is higher than traditionally used for aesthetic reason. The optimum rise for minimum material amount parabolic arch is shown in the paper. The mathematical solution uses axial force index method presented in the paper. For the tied-arches the span-rise-ration of 3 is used. The hangers of the tied-arches are vertical-The tied-arches are calculated by numeric iteration method in order to get moment-less arch. The arches are designed as constant stress arch. The area and the weight of the cross section follow the compression force in the arch. In addition the self-weight of the suspender cables are included in the calculation. The influence of traffic loads are calculated by using a separate FEM program. It is concluded that tied-arch is a competitive alternative to cable-stayed bridge especially when asymmetric bridge spans are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Visit Ohio's Historic Bridges
    SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION Visit Ohio’s Historic Bridges Historic and unique bridges have a way of sticking in our collective memories. Many of us remember the bridge we crossed walking to school, a landmark on the way to visit relatives, the gateway out of town or a welcoming indication that you are back in familiar territory. The Ohio Department of Transportation, in collaboration with the Ohio Historic Bridge Association, Ohio History Connection’s State Historic Preservation Office, TourismOhio and historicbridges.org, has assembled a list of stunning bridges across the state that are well worth a journey. Ohio has over 500 National Register-listed and historic bridges, including over 150 wooden covered bridges. The following map features iron, steel and concrete struc- tures, and even a stone bridge built when canals were still helping to grow Ohio’s economy. Some were built for transporting grain to market. Other bridges were specifically designed to blend into the scenic landscape of a state or municipal park. Many of these featured bridges are Ohio Historic Bridge Award recipients. The annual award is given to bridge owners and engineers that rehabilitate, preserve or reuse historic structures. The awards are sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, ODOT and Ohio History Connection’s State Historic Preservation Office. Anthony Wayne Bridge - Toledo, OH Ohio Department of Transportation SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION 2 17 18 SOUTHEAST REGION in eastern Ohio, Columbiana County has Metropark’s Huntington Reservation on the community. A project that will rehabilitate several rehabilitated 1880’s through truss shore of Lake Erie along US 6/Park Drive.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory | Pages 164-191
    NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet section number G, H page 156 V E H I C U L A R B R I D G E S I N A R I Z O N A Geographic Data: State of Arizona Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods The Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, which forms the basis for this Multiple Property Documentation Form [MPDF], is a sequel to an earlier study completed in 1987. The original study employed 1945 as a cut-off date. This study inventories and evaluates all of the pre-1964 vehicular bridges and grade separations currently maintained in ADOT’s Structure Inventory and Appraisal [SI&A] listing. It includes all structures of all struc- tural types in current use on the state, county and city road systems. Additionally it includes bridges on selected federal lands (e.g., National Forests, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base) that have been included in the SI&A list. Generally not included are railroad bridges other than highway underpasses; structures maintained by federal agencies (e.g., National Park Service) other than those included in the SI&A; structures in private ownership; and structures that have been dismantled or permanently closed to vehicular traffic. There are exceptions to this, however, and several abandoned and/or privately owned structures of particular impor- tance have been included at the discretion of the consultant. The bridges included in this Inventory have not been evaluated as parts of larger road structures or historic highway districts, although they are clearly integral parts of larger highway resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Bayonne Bridge Lesson Plan
    The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Resources for Teachers and Students [Printable and Electronic Versions] The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Resources for Teachers And Students [Printable and Electronic Versions] OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to understand and discuss the history of NOTES: the Bayonne Bridge and use science and engineering basics • Key words indicated in to investigate bridge design and test an arch bridge model. Bold are defined in call- out boxes. TARGET GRADE LEVEL: • Teacher-only text Fourth grade instruction, adaptable to higher levels as indicated with Italics. desired in the subjects of Social Studies and Engineering. FOCUS: In Part I, students learn about history of the Bayonne Bridge including the many engineering challenges encountered during the project and the people who helped overcome those challenges. In Part II, students learn engineering concepts to understand how bridges stay up and use these concepts to complete activities on bridge design before applying these concepts to theorize how the Bayonne Bridge works. MATERIALS: • Part I: DVD of “The Bayonne Bridge Documentary” • Part II: 2–4 heavy textbooks or 2 bricks per group; 2 pieces of “cereal box” cardboard or similar, 12 x 8 in; weights (anything small that can be stacked on the structure); red and blue marker, crayon or colored pencil for each student or group. The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Contents Teacher Materials | Part I: History of the Bayonne Bridge . T-1 Teacher Materials | Part II: Bridge Engineering . T-7 Student Materials | Part I: History of the Bayonne Bridge . S-1 Student Materials | Part II: Bridge Engineering .
    [Show full text]
  • Polydron-Bridges-Work-Cards.Pdf
    Getting Started You will need: A Polydron Bridges Set ❑ This activity introduces you to the parts in the set and explains what each of them does. A variety of traditional Polydron and Frameworks pieces are used in each of the activities. However, they are coloured to produce more realistic effects. For example, the traditional squares are black and used to represent the road on the bridge deck. Plinth ❑ On the right you can see the plinth or bridge base. All of the bridges use one or two of these. They give each bridge a firm base and allow special parts to be connected easily. Notice the two holes in the top on the plinth. These holes are for long struts. These can be seen in place below. ❑ The second picture shows the plinth with two right-angled triangles and a rectangle connected. All three of these parts clip into the plinth. Struts ❑ There are three different lengths of strut in the set. There are 80mm short struts that are used with the pulleys with lugs to carry cables. These are shown on the left. The lugs fit into long struts. On the Drawbridge 110mm short struts are used with ordinary pulleys and a winding handle. ❑ Long struts are also used to support the cable assembly of the Suspension Bridge and the Cable Stay Bridge. This idea can be seen in the picture on the right. ❑ Long struts are also used to connect the two sections of the Drawbridge. ® ©Bob Ansell Special Rectangles ❑ Special rectangles can be used in a variety of ways.
    [Show full text]
  • CS 467 Risk Management and Structural Assessment of Concrete Deck Hinge Structures
    Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Highway Structures & Bridges Inspection & Assessment CS 467 Risk management and structural assessment of concrete deck hinge structures (formerly BA 93/09) Revision 1 Summary The use of this document enables the safety and serviceability of concrete hinge deck structures to be assessed and managed, allowing to manage risks and maintain a safe and operational network. Application by Overseeing Organisations Any specific requirements for Overseeing Organisations alternative or supplementary to those given in this document are given in National Application Annexes to this document. Feedback and Enquiries Users of this document are encouraged to raise any enquiries and/or provide feedback on the content and usage of this document to the dedicated Highways England team. The email address for all enquiries and feedback is: [email protected] This is a controlled document. CS 467 Revision 1 Contents Contents Release notes 3 Foreword 4 Publishing information . 4 Contractual and legal considerations . 4 Introduction 5 Background . 5 Assumptions made in the preparation of this document . 5 Abbreviations and symbols 6 Terms and definitions 7 1. Scope 8 Aspects covered . 8 Implementation . 8 Use of GG 101 . 8 2. Risk management process and prioritisation 9 Risk management report . 11 Initial review . 11 Risk assessment for structural assessment . 11 Structural review . 12 Structural assessment . 12 Risk assessment for management . 12 Management plan . 12 Prioritisation of deck hinge structures . 12 3. Initial review 13 4. Risk assessment for structural assessment 14 Risk assessment . 14 Primary risks . 14 Condition risk . 15 Structural risk . 15 Secondary risks . 15 Consequential risk . 16 Vulnerable details risk .
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Behaviour of Cable-Stayed Bridges
    Structural Behaviour of Cable-stayed Bridges by Elizabeth Davalos Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering and Administration Universidad Panamericana sede Guadalajara, Mexico June 1998 Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING ENG IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY At the A3 0 2000 LIBRARIES MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 2000 @2000 Elizabeth Davalos. All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicity paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of the Author Ddpa ment of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 5, 2000 Certified by Professor Jerome J. Connor 6epartment of ivil and Environmental Engineering 7 Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Daniele Veneziano Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Studies Structural Behaviour of Cable-stayed Bridges by Elizabeth Davalos Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on May 5, 2000 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Abstract Cable-stayed bridges have emerged as the dominant structural system for long span bridge crossings during the past thirty years. That success is due to a combination of technical advancements and pleasing aesthetics attributes. The interaction of the various structural components results in an efficient structure which is continuously evolving and providing new methods to increase span lengths. The objective of this thesis is to describe in detail the basic structural behaviour of each of the components of cable-stayed bridges, and to present the analysis of a specific cable-stayed bridge which was proposed for the Charles River Crossing.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Suspension Bridge
    structures STS19 Simple Suspension Bridge Experiment for the study of the characteristics of a simple suspension bridge. Mounts on the Structures platform and connects to the Structures automatic data acquisition unit and software (VDAS® Onboard). Shown fitted to the Structures platform (STS1, available separately) Laptop not included Key Features • One of a range of experiment modules that teach structures principles • Fits to the Structures platform for ergonomic use and space-saving storage • Includes multiple loads for many combinations of loads including uniformly distributed loads (UDLs) • A simplifi ed version of a realistic structure to give students an understanding of real-life structures • Direct measurement of cable tension for simple and quick experiments • Supplied with a storage tray to keep smaller items safe • Works with user-friendly software (VDAS®) TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK tecquipment.com +44 115 972 2611 [email protected] REF 0920 Page 1 of 3 STS19 Simple Suspension Bridge Description Learning outcomes One of a range of experiment modules that fi t to the • How bridge load aff ects the tension in a suspension Structures platform (STS1, available separately), this cable product helps students to understand how loads aff ect • Comparing a central point load with a UDL tension in the suspension cable supporting the ‘deck’ of a suspension bridge. Students add loads to the deck held by • Exploring the ratio of bridge ‘deck’ mass and a moving the suspension cable between two supports. A load cell in load the left-hand support measures the cable tension. • Comparing simple parabola-based theory with a more Students apply loads, which change the cable tension.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Construction of the First Composite Truss Bridge in Japan Kinokawa Viaduct, Wakayama, Japan
    Concrete Structures: the Challenge of Creativity Design and Construction of the first composite truss bridge in Japan Kinokawa Viaduct, Wakayama, Japan Masato YAMAMURA Hiroaki OKAMOTO Hiroo MINAMI Professional Engineer Professional Engineer Professional Engineer Kajima Corporation Kajima Corporation Kajima Corporation Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan Summary This project is to build a viaduct in Wakayama, Japan. Owner adopted a design build bidding system for the first time in its history of a bridge project in order to tender a construction work including both the superstructure and the substructure together. As a result of bidding, it was decided that the first composite truss bridge in Japan is constructed. Through the project, it was confirmed that the construction and the economical efficiency of the composite truss bridge are equivalent to or better than the conventional pretressed concrete box girder bridge. Keywords: composite truss bridge; design build; steel truss diagonal; panel point section; steel box- type joint structure; balanced cantilever erection 1. Introduction This project is to build a viaduct over the Kinokawa River in Wakayama. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) adopted a design build bidding system for the first time in its history of a bridge project in order to tender a construction work including both the superstructure and the substructure together. In the tendering method used at this time, only the basic performance requirements such as the bridge length, road classification, effective width, and live loads are specified. A proposal of a variety of bridge design, mainly for its form and the number of span, was admitted by MLIT.
    [Show full text]