Seismic Design of Precast Concrete Building Structures

Seismic design of precast concrete building structures State-of-art report prepared by Task Group 7.3 October 2003 Subject to priorities defined by the Steering Committee and the Praesidium, the results of fib’s work in Commissions and Task Groups are published in a continuously numbered series of technical publications called 'Bulletins'. The following categories are used: category minimum approval procedure required prior to publication Technical Report approved by a Task Group and the Chairpersons of the Commission State-of-Art Report approved by a Commission Manual or approved by the Steering Committee of fib or its Publication Board Guide (to good practice) Recommendation approved by the Council of fib Model Code approved by the General Assembly of fib Any publication not having met the above requirements will be clearly identified as preliminary draft. This Bulletin N° 27 has been approved as a fib state-of-art report in autumn 2002 by fib Commission 7 Seismic design The report was drafted by fib Task Group 7.3 Prefabricated / Prestressed structures designed for earthquake resistance: 1,3,4,5,11 1,5,11 R. Park (Co-Convenor, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand), F. Watanabe (Co- Convenor, Kyoto University, Japan) S. M. Alcocer (National Center for Disaster Prevention, Mexico), T. Boen (Jalan Ray Perjuangan, Indonesia), P. 1 Bonelli (Facultad de Ingenieria, Chile), D. Bull (Holmes Consulting Group, New Zealand), G. M. Calvi (Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Italy), G. Cheok (National Institute of Standards & Technology, USA), W. Clark 5 (Sinclair Knight Merz, New Zealand), N. Cleland (Blue Ridge Design, USA), B. Davidson (University of Auckland, New Zealand), R. Englekirk (Englekirk Consulting Structural Engineers, USA), M. Fischinger (University of 6 Ljubljana, Slovenia), R. Fleischman (University of Arizona, USA), C. French (University of Minnesota, USA), N. Hawkins (University of Illinois, USA), J. Ingham (University of Auckland, New Zealand), G. MacRae (University 4 3,10 of Washington, USA), J. Maffei (Rutherford & Chekene Consulting Engineers, USA), L. McSaveney (Golden 1 1,2 Bay Cement, New Zealand), M. Menegotto (University of Rome, Italy), D. Mitchell (McGill University, 8 9 Canada), H. Muguruma (Kyoto University, Japan), S. Nakaki (Nakaki Bashaw Group, USA), M. Nishiyama 7 (Kyoto University, Japan), S. Okamoto (Central Research Institute for Construction, Japan), A. O’Leary (Sinclair 9 Knight Merz, New Zealand), S. Pampanin (University of Canterbury, New Zealand), P. Pinto (Universita La 4 5 Sapienza, Italy), M. J. N. Priestley (University of California at San Diego, USA), J. Restrepo (University of 1,5 California at San Diego, USA), M. Rodriguez (National University of Mexico), A. Schultz (National Institute of 1,5 Standards & Technology, USA), H. Shiohara (University of Tokyo, Japan), S. Sritharan (Iowa State University, 4 1 8 USA), J. Stanton (University of Washington, USA), S. Sugano (Hiroshima University, Japan), H. Tanaka (Kyoto University, Japan) 1, 2, … Chapter numbers for which this TG member was a main preparing author. Full address details of Task Group members may be found in the fib Directory or through the online services on fib's website, http://fib.epfl.ch. Cover picture: General reinforcing details of equivalent monolithic post-tensioned system 1 (see Fig. 5-17) © fédération internationale du béton (fib), 2003 Although the International Federation for Structural Concrete fib - féderation internationale du béton - created from CEB and FIP, does its best to ensure that any information given is accurate, no liability or responsibility of any kind (including liability for negligence) is accepted in this respect by the organisation, its members, servants or agents. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission. First published in 2003 by the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) Post address: Case Postale 88, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Street address: Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne - EPFL, Département Génie Civil Tel +41 21 693 2747, Fax +41 21 693 5884, E-mail [email protected], web http://fib.epfl.ch ISSN 1562-3610 ISBN 2-88394-067-3 Printed by Sprint-Digital-Druck Stuttgart Copyright fib, all rights reserved. This PDF copy of fib Bulletin 27 is intended for use and/or distribution only by National Member Groups of fib. Foreword The present document is the outcome of a four year effort made by a large group of experts from the profession and the academia. The original plan, back is early 1999, was to have two separate documents, one dealing with precast construction, the other one with the use of prestressing in earthquake resistant buildings. It soon became clear, however, that this separation was difficult to achieve in a rational way, due to the intrinsic connection existing between the two topics. To give just an example, in Japan most if not all the buildings using prestressing are constructed by assembling precast elements by post-tensioning. If separation proved to be not viable, the organisation of the structure of a combined text was not exactly automatic either. With no other source available for reference, full meetings had to be devoted to discussing the overall content of the document, the order of presentation of the various topics and, most of all, the character the document should have. In the intention of the drafting group, the main destination of the document is the cultured professional with some experience in precast construction wishing to enlarge his view over the international scene and its latest developments. It is not a manual, and less so a catalogue of precast systems. It is not an operative design guide, either, and it could not have been, due to the substantial differences in the design approaches still existing in the different countries, whose coverage would have required the size of an encyclopedia. In brief, it might be described as a State-of-the-Art on the essential aspects distinguishing precast/prestressed from cast-in-situ construction. The bulk of the information is contained in five of the eleven chapters of the volume: Introduction (Chapter 1), Design Approaches (Chapter 4), Lateral Force Resisting Systems (Chapter 5), Diaphragms (Chapter 6), and Modeling and Analytical Methods (Chapter 9). From Chapter 1, one learns about the diffusion of precast construction in seven major seismic countries, about the types of structures for which precast is used, and about the design criteria and provisions in force in these countries. References are provided to the relevant design documents. Chapter 4 reviews general seismic design procedures for precast concrete structures. Chapters 5 and 6 contain a comprehensive systematic review of the major distinct ways for assembling precast elements to form moment-resisting frames, walls, dual systems and diaphragms, while giving also concepts and rather detailed explanations on the features of the resulting lateral force resisting mechanisms. Here not only the well established, but also the less diffused innovative solutions are described, notably the so-called hybrid systems where unbonded post-tensioned tendons, in combination with mild steel, are used to assemble the elements in such a way as to minimise the residual drift (the term hybrid is used to signify a response behaviour intermediate between the non-linear elastic and the elasto-plastic, which maintains the re-centering properties of the former and a variable part of the dissipative properties of the latter). A more analytical flavour, closer to the forefront of the research, characterises Chapter 9, whose spirit, however, is that of showing how from more accurate (and complex) models and methods of analysis, affordable, simplified models can be derived, applicable to the wide class of alternative connections made of bonded and unbonded mild and prestressing steels. In each of the mentioned chapters, the interested structural engineer will find hundreds of references to the original sources. The other more brief, but important, chapters are Lessons from Previous Earthquakes (Chapter 2), Precast Construction Concepts (Chapter 3), Gravity Load Resisting Systems (Chapter 7), Foundations (Chapter 8), Miscellaneous Elements and Structures (Chapter 10), and Conclusions (Chapter 11). Though everything can always be made more perfect, and this document makes no exception to the rule, it is a fact that nothing similar for width of scope and competence of the authors is available on this subject in the literature of Earthquake Engineering. All those who have contributed need to be thanked; this milestone, however, would not have been reached without the enlightened determination and unfailing patience of the two Convenors, Professors Bob Park and Fumio Watanabe. Paolo E. Pinto Chairman of fib Commission 7, Seismic Design fib Bulletin 27: Seismic design of precast concrete building structures iii Copyright fib, all rights reserved. This PDF copy of fib Bulletin 27 is intended for use and/or distribution only by National Member Groups of fib. Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1 1.2 Scope of the report 1 1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of incorporating precast and prestressed 1 concrete in construction 1.4 Performance criteria 2 1.5 State of precast construction practice 3 (1.5.1 Canada – 1.5.2 Chile – 1.5.3 Italy – 1.5.4

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