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Final EIA Report Of Final Report Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Netrokona Economic Zones Acknowledgements The Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) would like to express its heartfelt thanks and gratitude to Mr. Paban Chowdhury, Executive Chairman (Secretary), Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA) for awarding the assignment of Consultancy Services titled “Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study of Netrokona Economic Zone” Project. CEGIS is also grateful to Mr. Ashoke Kumar Biswas (Additional Secretary), Executive Member (Planning & Development), Mr. Md. Moniruzzaman, Joint Secretary (General Manager, Investment Promotion) and Doyananda Debnath, Deputy Chief Manager (MIS & Research) and Project Director, for extending their cordial cooperation and continuous guidance to the Study Team from the very beginning in conducting the study. CEGIS is very thankful to Dr. Tanveer Ahmed (Environment Specialist), Mr. Md. Abdul Quader Khan (Social Consultant) and Md. Ashraful Islam (Legal Consultant) for their valuable support. The EIA Team of CEGIS express its gratitude to the District Commissioner (DC), Netrokona District, and Upazila Nirbahi Officer, Netrokona Sadar for their all-out cooperation during the field visit and consultation process. The Team is also grateful to all respondents /stakeholders for providing valuable data/information and participation in the group discussions and consultation meetings. i ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. i List of Tables ................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................... x Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................... xiii Executive Summary ......................................................................................... xix 1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Brief .............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Rationale of the Project .............................................................................. 7 1.4 Scope of the Study ................................................................................... 10 1.5 EIA Study Team ....................................................................................... 10 1.6 Report Structure ...................................................................................... 11 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework .............................................. 13 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 13 2.2 Procedure for Environmental Clearance Certificate ....................................... 13 2.3 Organizations Related with Enforcement of Environmental Standards ............. 14 2.4 National Legislations Relevant to Environment ............................................. 15 2.5 National Legislations Relevant to the Project (Other than Environment) .......... 16 3. Approach and Methodology ........................................................................ 23 3.1 EIA Process and Approach ......................................................................... 23 3.1.1 Project Desgn and Description ............................................................ 23 3.1.2 Policies and Legal Issues ................................................................... 24 3.1.3 Environmental and Social Baseline ...................................................... 24 3.1.4 Important Environmental and Social Component (Scoping) .................... 27 3.1.5 Bounding ......................................................................................... 27 3.1.6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ...................................................... 29 3.1.7 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan .................................. 31 3.1.8 Public Consultations and Disclosure .................................................... 31 4. Project Description ..................................................................................... 33 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 33 4.2 Project Objective and Expected Benefits ..................................................... 33 4.3 Project Components and Activities ............................................................. 34 4.4 Master Plan of Netrokona EZ ..................................................................... 34 4.4.1 Layout and Zoning ............................................................................ 34 iii 4.4.2 Plots and General Land Use and Landscape Regulation .......................... 38 4.4.3 Parking and Traffic Management Regulations ....................................... 38 4.4.4 Entry and Gate System ..................................................................... 39 4.4.5 On-site Infrastructure ....................................................................... 39 4.4.6 Land Development by earthfilling ....................................................... 52 4.4.7 Off-site Infrastructure ....................................................................... 52 4.4.8 Utility Demand and Sources ............................................................... 53 4.4.9 Project Cost ..................................................................................... 55 4.4.10 Investment Plan ............................................................................... 55 5. Alternative Analysis ................................................................................... 57 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 57 5.2 “No Action” Alternative ............................................................................. 57 5.3 Evaluation of Alternative Site..................................................................... 57 6. Environmental and Social Baseline ............................................................. 59 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 59 6.2 Physical Environment ............................................................................... 59 6.2.1 Meteorology and Climate ................................................................... 59 6.2.2 Topography ..................................................................................... 63 6.2.3 Ambient Noise Level ......................................................................... 63 6.2.4 Ambient Air Quality .......................................................................... 67 6.2.5 Surface Water Hydrology ................................................................... 68 6.2.6 Groundwater Hydrology .................................................................... 78 6.2.7 Drought .......................................................................................... 85 6.2.8 Surface Physiography and Geology ..................................................... 85 6.2.9 Seismic Analysis ............................................................................... 86 6.3 Biological Environment ............................................................................. 88 6.3.1 The Bio-ecological Zone .................................................................... 88 6.3.2 Ecosystem ....................................................................................... 90 6.3.3 Fisheries Resources .......................................................................... 95 6.3.4 Agriculture..................................................................................... 100 6.3.5 Livestock and Poultry ...................................................................... 116 6.4 Socio-economic Resources ...................................................................... 118 6.4.1 Demographic Profile ........................................................................ 118 6.4.2 Land Price ..................................................................................... 119 6.4.3 Employment and Livelihood ............................................................. 120 6.4.4 Literacy Rate ................................................................................. 121 6.4.5 Household Income and Expenditure .................................................. 122 6.4.6 Poverty ......................................................................................... 122 6.4.7 Standard of Living .......................................................................... 122 iv 6.4.8 Communication System ................................................................... 125 6.4.9 Social Conflicts ............................................................................... 126 6.4.10 Archeological Sites and Cultural Heritage ........................................... 126 6.4.11 Ethnic Community, Religion and Culture ............................................ 127 7. Identification and Analysis of Key Environmental Issues ......................... 129 7.1 Introduction .........................................................................................
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