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FMS Studies Received from the U.S Ostfront 1941/42 Kampfhandlungen im Bereich der Heeresgruppe Mitte (22.6.41-1.5.42) Notebook 6: „Foreign Military Studies “ Research Notes: Dr Craig W.H. Luther Tehachapi CA July 2009 “Die Stimme des Blutes deines Bruders schreit zu mir von der Erde.“ Genesis 4:10 2 Foreign Military Studies (FMS) 1 (Table of Contents) D-034: “ Diseases of Men and Horses Experienced by the Troops in Russia .” Dr Erich Rendulic. 1947. D-035: “ The effect of extreme cold on weapons, wheeled vehicles and track vehicles .” Dr Rendulic. 1947. D-036: “ The Fighting Qualities of the Russian Soldiers .” Dr Rendulic. 1947. D-054: “War Experiences in Russia. Chapter IV: Kirov and the 40-km. Gap… ” Genlt. Walter von Unruh. 1947 (addresses withdrawal of 4th Army) D-055: “ War Experiences in Russia. Chapter III: KALUGA and the 80-km. Gap .” Genlt. Walter von Unruh. 1947. (addresses right wing of 4th Army in Dec 41) D-073: “ Rocket Projectors in the Eastern Theater .” Genmaj. Ernst Graewe. 1947 D-078: “Winter Fighting of 253d Infantry-Division in the Rzhev Area 1941/42 .” Gen Otto Schellert. 1947. D-098: “Horse Diseases during the Eastern Campaign (1941-45) .” Dr Maximilian Betzler. 1947. D-102: “Protection of the Lines of Communication in the East .” Gustav von Bechtolsheim. 1947. D-130: “ Second Army Gets out of the Mud .” Gen Gustav Harteneck. 1947. D-137: “ Winter Battles of Rzhev, Vyazma, and Yukhnov, 1941-42 .” Gen Oberst Otto Dessloch. 1947. D-184: “ Winter Campaign 1941-42: Campaign of 255. ID East & South of Temkino (Dec 41 – Apr 42) .” Genlt. Walter F. Poppe. 1947. D-187: “The Capture of Smolensk by the 71st Motorized Inf. Rgt. on 15 Jul 41 .” Genlt Wilh. Thomas. 1947. D-221: “An Artillery Rgt. On the Road to Moscow (Jun – Dec 41) .” Genmaj. Gerhard Grassmann. 1947. D-237: “ XXIII Corps (Oct 41 – Mar 42) .” Oberstlt. Dietrich Lemcke. (Supply in Russia, particularly by air) D-240: “Advance and Battles of the 110. Inf.-Div. within framework of Ninth Army… Jun to Nov 41 .” Genmaj. Heinz Gaede. 1947. D-247: “ German Preparations for the Attack against Russia (The German Build-up East of Warsaw) .” Genlt. Curt Cuno. 1947. (17. PD crossing the Bug on 22 Jun 41) 1 Most of these FMS studies received from the U.S. Army’s Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA. Several FMS studies are also listed among the holdings of the Karlsruhe Document Collection (KDC) of the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA). 3 D-253: “ Antitank Defense in the East .” Genlt. Erich Schneider. 1947. (Lessons from the combat in autumn 1941) D-272: “ Das Inf.-Rgt. 488 in der Wjasma-Schlacht 2.-11.Okt.41 .” Wilhelm Koehler. 1954. D-285: “The 35th Inf.-Div. Between Moscow & Gzhatsk (Dec 41 – Apr 42) .” Gen Rudolf v. Roman. 1947. D-289: “The 547th Inf.-Rgt. Advance & Fighting under Winter Conditions (Jan – Mar 42) .” Genmaj. Karl Becher. 1947. P-039: “ March and Traffic Control of Panzer Divisions w/ Special Attention to Conditions in Soviet Russia… ” Burkhart Mueller-Hillebrand, et al . 1949. P-040: “ Tank Repair Service in the German Army .” B. Mueller-Hillebrand, et al . 1951. P-041a: “ Organization of the Army High Command .” B. Mueller-Hillebrand. 1948. P-052: “ Combat in Russian Forests and Swamps .” Hans v. Greiffenberg. 1951. P-059: “German Tank-Strength and Loss Statistics .” B. Mueller-Hillebrand. 1950. P-062: “ Frostbite Problems in the German Army during World War II .” Genmaj. Alfred Toppe. n.d. (?) P-107: “ Stellungs- u. Abwehrkaempfe eines mot. Gren. Rgts. im Winter 41/42 an der OKA… ” (author/date?) P-119: “ Transportation of Replacements by Post Office Busses to Eastern Front in Winter 41/42 .” Hermann Hans Guenther Keil. 1954. P-190: “ Verbrauchs- u. Verschleissaetze waehrend der Operationen der deutschen. Heeresgruppe Mitte (Jun – Dec 41) .” Genmaj. Alfred Toppe, et al . 1953. P-201: “ Personal Diary Notes of the G-4 of the German 9th Army, Aug 41 to Jan 42 .” Genmaj. Josef Windisch. 1953. T-6: “ Eastern Campaign, 1941-42. (Strategic Survey) .” Genlt. Adolf Heusinger. 1947. T-7: “ Comments on Russian Railroad and Highways .” Genlt. Max Bork. 1953. T-28: “ Battle of Moscow (41-42) .” Gen. Hans v. Greiffenberg, et al . n.d. (Greiffenberg was Stabschef of Hr.Gr.Mitte) T-34: “Terrain Factors in the Russian Campaign .” Multiple authors. 1950. * * * * 4 FOREIGN MILITARY STUDIES 2 1. D-034 : “ Diseases of Men and Horses Experienced by the Troops in Russia .” Dr Erich Rendulic. Mar 47 . a. Men: Russia has an “exceedingly healthful and vigorous climate.” . The people of Russia and of the East in general are greatly plagued by vermin . The flea which was present in large numbers during WWI seems to be dying out. It was encountered very rarely . But the louse is dangerous. It nests on the human body, in personal effects, and also in dwellings. every louse is dangerous. The louse is the carrier of typhus , the most dangerous disease in the East. But even that disease must not be overrated. Isolated cases can appear at any time of the year, but it is most frequent in the spring , when the snow begins to melt. Persons over 50 years of age hardly ever survive it, but the death rate among the young is also high. At that time vaccine could be produced only by a very complicated and expensive process. Since Nov 41 only nurses and attendants in typhus hospitals, doctors, people in important positions, and those over 50 years of age could be vaccinated; later on the age group was lowered to 45 years. Thus, only a small group was protected. The troops used a delousing powder ; it was sprinkled on the body and underwear. But the results were not too promising . (1-2) . during the winter battles of 1941/42 and 1042/43 . the villages were of decisive importance in the setting of march objectives and in the disposition of the troops. Quarters were frequently cramped. The villages often became the objective of the fighting, as both sides tried to gain shelters against the cold. Living in crowded quarters and positions furthered the rapid increase in lice . Although somewhat less during mobile ops, our troops were constantly lice-ridden . This, of course, increased the threat of typhus . During position warfare delousing stations were installed (as a rule one for each regiment , which was not enough); the troops bathed there and received clean underwear, and their clothing, disinfected by heat, was returned to them. There are some regions in Russia where the population is frequently plagued by typhus epidemics . One of these regions is located between Roslawl and Juchnow (on one of the main highways to Moscow). As Cdr of 62. ID , I was in the area west and NW of Juchnow from the beginning of Feb 42 to Jul 42 . During that time the division had about 140 cases of typhus ; this was a small number compared to other divisions. I remember that in some the number reached 300-400 . (2-3) Another disease is the typhoid fever . All troops were inoculated against it. There were only a few cases of that disease. The danger is in the water which is polluted almost everywhere . In Russia water is available only from rivers or open wells. The water purification equipment, carried by every btn., was inadequate . Filters were used up rapidly and new ones were seldom delivered. The water had to be boiled . In the summer the troops were supplied, wherever possible, w/ increased rations of coffee or tea . Drinking of unboiled water was prohibited under punishment, but many ignored this order and drank water even from swamps. Despite all reasoning, this could not be prevented. Just the same, there were hardly any cases of typhoid fever . (3-4) 2 Note: These FMS notes are arranged simply in alphabetical and numerical order. 5 Cases of dysentery occurred in only a few instances, although inoculation against it was begun only in the middle of 1942 . The disease had spread among the troops very seriously during the Polish Campaign of 1939 . At that time the cause was undoubtedly the eating of spoiled or unripe fruit . This danger does not exist in Central or Northern Russia, because practically no fruit grows there . (4) The trench fever ( Volhynian fever ) confronted us w/ similar problems. In the summer of 1942 it caused the division about 200 casualties over a period of 6-8 weeks. Its cause was also not clearly determined at that time. (4) Rather numerous were the casualties brought on by the so-called “ rodent disease ” (Nagerkrankheit ). It was transmitted by food that had been contaminated or gnawed on by mice . This disease lasts several weeks and causes considerable weakening of the organism. (5) Malaria appears in Central Russia and far into northern Russia. It is more frequent in certain regions. For example, the Roslawl – Juchnow typhus area is also malaria-infested. From spring to fall, every man in this region had to take one tablet of atabrine every night as a preventative; this remedy does not produce the after-effects of quinine , even if taken for any length of time. There were only a few soldiers who were allergic to atabrine. (5) Inoculations : Initially the German armed forces in the east were inoculated only against typhoid . My pay book shows that I was first inoculated in 1942 against the following: cholera in the spring, dysentery in the summer, and smallpox in the fall. Only a small group, as mentioned above, was inoculated against typhus. (6) b.) Horses : The most dangerous and widespread horse disease in Russia is the mange . It is caused by mites , and for a long time remains confined to a small portion of the skin w/o affecting the working capacity of the horse.
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