EXHIBIT 1 '" . , OMS No 1545-0047 Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947(aXl) of the Internal Revenue Code 2006 (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) Department of the Treasury Open to Public In,ernal Revenue ServICe ~ The organizatIOn may have to use a copy of this return to salisfy state reporting reqUIrements Inspection

A For the 2006 calendar year, or tax year be~!Iln",na 10/01 ,2006, and endina 9/30 ,2007 8 Cllec~ If applicable C 0 Employer Jdent,fic;.t,on Number Please use Address change IRS label ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 C. orp"nt Name change o. type 104 N. BELMONT #200 E Telephone number f- See GLENDALE, CA 91206 InItial return speCifIc i- InstrLlC· F Accounting ~ ~ FIna! return tlons nod Cash U Accrual t Amended return Other (soeafy) ~ Application pendrng • Section 501 (cX3) organizations and 4947aa)(1~ nonexempt H and I ;lfe not applrcable to section 527 OfgJImzabot15 charitable trusts must attach a complete Sc edule A H (a) Is thiS a group return for affiliates' 0 Yes [R] No (Form 990 or 990·EZ). H (b) If 'Yes: enter number of afflhates ~ ~ G Web site: N/A H (c) Are all afflhates rncluded' DYes DNO (If 'No: attach a I.st See Instructions) J Organization ty>e (check only cne ~ fXl Sal (e) 3" (rnsen no) n 4947(a)(1) or n 527 H (d) Is thIS a separate r·turn fried by an K Check here ~ U If the organization IS not a 509(a)(3) supporting organization and ItS organization covered by a group rullno" DYes [R] No gross receipts are normally not more than $25,000 A return IS not reqUIred, but If the I Groue ExemDlion Number ~ organization chooses to file a return, be sure to file a complete return M Check ~ ~ If the orgamzabon IS not reqUired L Gross receiPts Add lines 6b, 8b, 9b, and 1Db to fme 12 ~468r007. to attach Schedule B (Form 990, 990·EZ, or 99Q-PF) IPart I I Revenue. Expenses and ChanQes in Net Assets or Fund Balances(See the instructIOns.) 1 Contnbulions, giftS, grants. and similar amounts received a Contnbutlons to donor adVised funds la 445,929. . b OJrect public support (not Included on line 1a) lb c Indlre::t public support (not Included on line 1a) lc .

d Government contnbulions (grants) (not Included on line 1a) ld .­ ,­ e T~t3lr~~~~ 11~~s(cash $ 445,929. noncash $ ) le 445 929. 2 Program service revenue Including government fees and contracts (from Part VII, line 93) 2 3 Membership dues and assessments 3 a 4 Interest on savings and temporary cash Investments 4 UJ Z 5 DIVidends and Interest from securrtles 5 16 898. 6al 6a Gross rents I ·l ~ bLess ;;:ntal expenses 6b .._._, c Net rental Income or (loss) Subtract line 6b from line 6a 6c tf) ~ ) R 7 Other Investment Income (descnbe 7 E (A) Securities (8) Other v Sa Gross amount from sales of assets other E N than Inventory 5 180. Sa u E bLess co!:t or other baSIS and sales expenses Sb C Gain or (loss) (attach schedule) STATEMENT 1 5,180. Sc -. d Net gain or (loss) Combme hne 8c, columns (A) and (8) ad 5 180. 9 SpeCial !'vents and actiVities (attach schedule) If any amount IS from gaming, check here ~D a Gross revenue (not including $ of contnbulions I reported on line 1b) 9al bLess dJrect expenses other than fundraising expenses 9b _. c Net Income or (loss) from special events Subtract line 9b from line 9a 9c lOa Gross sales of Inventory~returns and allowances. \ lOal

b Less cost of goods sOI(1 _RECI=I\,r:: _ lOb - - c Gross profit or (loss) from salJs a In £);ubtraciline lOb from line lOa lac 11 Other revenue (from P ~ II, line 103) '1 11 12 Total revenue. Add Itn , ~R. !9. f1l, 'h,I&!.. 9d. , and 11 12 468,007. 13 Program services (fror Ii &..44. column (B»vu~rJ~ 13 223 950, E x ge~ 14 197 974. p 14 Management and ral (frl.J... 'I-N _ E lS Fundralslng (from line -. t. I 15 N UT 5 16 Payments to affiliates (attach schedule) 16 E - s 17 Total eXDenses. Add lines 16 and 44, column CA} 17 421,924. Excess or (defiCit) for the year Subtract line 17 from line 12 lS 46 083. A lS N S 19 Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (from line 73, column (A» 19 381 683. E s T E Other changes In net assets or fund balances (attach explanation) SEE 20 13 476. T 20 STATEMENT 2 r s 21 Net assets or fund balances at end of year Combine lines 18. 19, and 20 21 441,242. BAA For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act NotIce, see the separate Instructtons. TEEA01()C}l 01122107 Form 990 (2006) ~ 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, 95-3885801 Pa e 2 Statement of Functional Exp-enses All organrzahons must complete column (A) Columns (B), (C), and (D) are ~:':"":'':'':'''--J required for sechon 501 (c)(3) and (4) organrzatlOns and section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt cnantable trusts but oplJonal for others Do not include amounts reported on Ime (A) Total (B) Program (C) Management (D) Fundralsmg 6b, Bb 9b, 'Db, or '6 of Part I services and general 22 a Grants paid from donor advised funds (attach sch) i (cash $ i non·cash $ ) : If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~D 22a ­ 22 b Other grants and allocations (att sch) , (cash $ , , non·cash $ ) , If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~D I 22b 23 Specific assistance to individuals (attach schedule) 23 , 24 Benefits paid to or for members '. (attach schedule) 24

25 a Compensation of current off~cers, directors, key emPlo~ees, etc listed In Part V·A (attach sch 25a 149,880. O. 149,880. O. b Compensalion of former officers, directors. key employees. etc listed In Part v·a (attach sch) 25b O. O. O. O. c CompensaiJon and ather distributions, not Included above, to dlsqualifted persons (as defined under sechon 4958(f)(1» and persons desCribed In section 4958(cX3XB) (attach schedule) 25c O. O. O. O. 26 Salanes and wages of employees not Included on lines 25a, b, and c 26

27 Pension plan contnbutlons not Included on lines 25a, b, and c 27

28 Employee benefits not Included on lines 25a ·27 28 29 Payroll taxes 12,852. 12,852. ~r-'-' 30 ProfeSSional fundralslng fees 30 -- 31 Accounting fees 31 6,890. 6,890.1 32 Legal fees 32 33 Supplies 33 34 Telephone 34 4,407. 4,407. 3S Postage and shlppmg 3S 2,525. 2,525. 36 Occupancy 36 37 EqUipment rental and maintenance 37 38 Prmtlng and publications 38 4 82l. 4,82l. -- 39 Travel 39 17 947. 17 947. 40 Conferences, conventIOns, and meetings. 40 41 Interest 41 I 42 DepreCiation, deple\lcn, etc (attach schedule) 42 43 Other expenses not covered above (Itemize) a~~E_ ~l:.AJ~@~l-? ______43a 222 602. 194 250. 28,352. b ------43b c ------43c d ------43d e ------43e f ------43f 9 ______------­ 430 44 Total functIOnal expenses Add lines 22a tlIro~~~ 43g (or~lzatlons completlnf col~)mns (BY· D); carly e totals to lines 1 . 15 44 421 924. 223 950. 197 974. O. JOint Costs. Check ~D If you are follOWing SOP 98·2 Are any jOint costs from a combmed educallonal campaign and fundralslng SoliCItation reported In (B) Program servJces? ~D Yes [g] No If 'Yes,' enter (i) the aggregate amount of these JOlnl costs $ . (ii) the amount allocated to Program services $ ,(iii) the amount allocated to Management and general $ , and (iv) the amount allocated to Fundra/slng $ BAA TEEA01C2l. 01123/07 Form 990 (2006) \ Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 3 IPart III IStatement of Program Service Accomplishments Form 990 IS available for pubhc Inspection and, for some people, serves as the primary or sole source of Information about a parlicular organlzalion How the public perceives an organization In such cases may be determined by the Information presented on ItS return Therefore please make sure the return IS complete and accurate and fully describes, In Part III, the organization's programs and accomplishments ' What IS the organization's primary exempt purpose' .. Program Service Expenses All organizations must describe their exempt purpose ach;evemeniS II"'aclear and conCise manner State the~num6erof (Re(~)'~~d~~~~~~~~(~~rd clients served, gubllcalions Issued, etc DISCUSS achievements that are not measurable (Section 501(c)(3) and (4) organ.) 4947(~J(1) trusts but Izallons and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts must also enter the amount of arants ana anocatlons 10 others opbonal for others) a_~~~_~UB~~1~~Ng_~ABQ~E1 .

------~. (Grants and allocalions $ ) If thl~ amount Includes forelon grants, check here .. I I 223 950. b

------.------~ (Grants and allocaltons $ ) If thiS amount Includes foreign grants, check here .. I 1 c

Grants and allocations $ If th,s amount Includes forel n rants, check here

d ~ _

Grants and allocations $ If thiS amount Includes forel n rants, check here e Other program services (Grants and allocations $ If thiS amount Includes forel n rants, check here f Total of Program Service Expenses (should equal line 44, column (8), Program services) 223,950. BAA Form 990 (2006)

lEEA0103L 01118107 Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 4 IPart IV I Balance Sheets (See the instructIons.) Note: Where reqUIred. attached schedules and amounts wlthm the descnpllon (A) (B) column should be for end-of·year amounts only Beglnmng of year End of year 45 Cash - non'lI1terest-bearmg 20,059. 45 70 109. 46 Savmgs and temporary cash II1vestments 14 852. 46

47 a Accounts receivable 47al b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 47b 1,105. 47c .. -­ _. -­ -. -­ - 48a Pledges receivable 48a b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 48b 48c 49 Grants receivable 49 50 a ReceIVables from current and former officers. directors, trustees, and key employees (attach schedule) 50a b ReceIVables from other disqualified persons (as defll1ed under section 4958(1)(1» and persons desCribed m section 4958(c)(3)(8) (attach schedule) SOb A s s 51 a Other notes and loans receivable E (attach schedule) 51 a .. T s b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 51b 51 c I 52 InventOries for sale or use 52 53 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges 53 54a Investments - pubhcly-traded seCUrities .. Bcost FMV 54a b Investments - other securities (attach sch) .. Cost 8FMV 345,404. 54b 372,698. 55a Investments - land, bUildings, & equipment baSIS 55a .. b Less accumulated depreciation J (attach schedule) 55b 55c 56 Investments - other (attach schedule) 56 57 a Land, bUildings, and equipment baSIS 57a b Less accumulated depreclalion - -. (attach schedule) 57b 57c 58 Other assets, lncludll1g program-related Investments (describe • ------) 58 59 Total assets (must equal Ime 74) Add lines 45 through 58 381,420. 59 442 807. 60 Accounts payable and accrued expenses -263. 60 1,565. 61 Grants payable 61 L 62 Deferred revenue 62 I A B 63 Loans from officers, directors, trustees, and key - --" I employees (attach schedule) 63 L I 64a Tax-exempt bond hablhtles (attach schedule) 64a 'r I b Mortgages and other notes payable (attach schedule) 64b E s 65 Other Iiablillies (describe • ------­) 65 66 Total liabilities. Add Imes 60 through 65 -263. 66 1,565. Organizations that follow SFAS 117, check here • [g] and complete lines 67 N E through 69 and hnes 73 and 74 T 67 A 67 Unrestricted 381 683. 441 242. s 68 Temporarily restricted 68 ~ T 69 s 69 Permanently restricted 0 Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117, check here • oand complete IlI1es R 70 through 74 f - "-­ u 70 N 70 Capital stock, trust principal, or current funds 0 71 Pald'ln or capital surplus, or land, bUilding, and eqUipment fund 71 B A Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated II1come, or other funds 72 L 72 A N .. c 73 Total net assets or fund balances. Add lines 67 through 69 or lines 70 through -­ E 72 (Column (A) must equal line 19 and column (B) must equalltne 21) 381 683. 73 441,242. s 74 Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances. Add lines 66 and 73 381,420. 74 442,807. BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEA0104L 01118107 Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 5 'Part IV-AI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements with Revenue per Return (See the instructIOns.)

a Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financIal statements a 468,007. b Amounts Includeo on hne a but not on Part I, hne 12 1Net unrealized gains on Investments bl 2Donated services and use of facilities b2 3Recovertes of prior year grants b3 40ther (specIfy) ------.------­ b4 Add hnes bl through b4 b c Subtract hne b from hne a c 468 007. d Amounts Included on Part I, line 12, but not on line a: -, llnveslment expenses not Included on Part I. hne 6b dl 20ther (specify) -. ------d2 ------~------Add lines d1 and d2 d e Total revenue (Part I, hne 12) Add lines c and d .. e 468,007 . I Part IV-B I Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements with Expenses per Return

a Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements a 421,924. b Amounts Included on hne a but not on Part I, line 17 1 Donated services and use of faclhtles b1 '. 2Prtor year adjustments reported on Part I, hne 20 b2 3Losses reported on Part I, line 20 , b3 " 40ther (specify) ------b4 '. .. ~ . ------Add hnes b1 through b4 b c Subtract hne b from line a c 421,924. d Amounts Included on Part I, line 17, but not on line a: 1 Investment expenses not Included on Part I, hne 6b d1 2 Other (specify) ------d2 ­ ------Add lines dl and d2. d e Total expenses (Part I, hne 17) Add lines c and d ... e 421,924 . IPart V-A ICurrent Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees (List each person who was an oHlcer, director, trustee, or key employee at any lime dUring the year even If they were not compensated) (See the instructions) I(9) Title and average hours (C) Compensation (D) Contributions to (E) Expense per week devoted (if not paid, employee benefit account and other (A) Name and address ! to posItion enter -0-) plans and deferred allowances compensation plans

======jSEE STATEMENT 4 O. O. O.

----~------BAA TEEA0105L 01118107 Form 990 (2006) Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95 - 3885801 Page 6 IPart V·AICurrent Officers Directors, Trustees and Kev Employees (continued) Yes No 75 a Enter the total number of officers, directors, and trustees permitted to vote on orgamzatiOn business as board meetings "_1~ ______b Are any officers, directors, trustees, or key employees listed In Form 990, Part V-A, or highest compensated employees listed In Schedule A, Part I, or highest compensated professional and other Independent contractors listed In Schedule ! A, Part II-A or 11·8, related to each other through family or bUSiness relalionshlps' If 'Yes: attach a statement that " - . Identifies the individuals and explainS the relatlonshlp(s) 75b X I c Do any officers, directors. trustees, or key employees listed In form 990, Part V·A, or highest compensated employees listed In Schedule A, Part I. or highest compensated profeSSional and other Independent contractors listed In Schedule A, Part II-A or 11-8, receive compensallon from any other or~anlzatlons, whether tax exempt or taxable, that are related ,- --. to the organlzalion' See the instructions for the deflnllion a 'related organization' 75c X I If 'y",,,, ' ;:Itt",-h ;:I <:j"jpmpnt jh::lt Inrlurtp<; thp. Inform;:lh"n rlp"r-"h"rl 'I' Ih" ,n<:tr",-t,nn", - d Does the oraamzallon have a wntten conflict of Interest 001 ICY' 75d X I I IPart V-B IFormer Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees That Received Compensation or Other BenefIts (If any former officer, director, trustee, or key employee received compensation or other benelits (described below) dUring the year, list that person below and enter the amount of compensation or other benefits In the appropriate column See the Instructions) (e) CompensatIOn (0) Contnbutlons to (E) Expense (A) Name and address (8) Loans and (If not paid, employee benefit account and other Advances enter -0·) plans and deferred allowances compensation plans ~Q~~------

------I ------I Part VI 1Other Information (See the instructIOns.) Yes No I __• .:.1. - I 76 Old the organization make a change In ItS activities or methods of conducting achvllies' --'~- If 'Yes,' attach a detailed statement of each change 76 --x-I 17 Were any changes made In the organizing or governing documents but not reported to the IRS' 17 X I I If 'Yes,' attach a conformed copy of the changes -_ ... .,. '- . X· \ 7Sa Old the organization have unrelated bUSiness gross Income of $1.000 or more dUring the year covered by thiS return' 7Sa b If 'Yes,' has It hied a tax return on Form 99O·T for thiS year? 7ab N A ! _._- 79 Was there a liqUidation, dlssolulion, termination, or substantial contraction dunng the -'- --x-JI year' If 'Yes,' attach a statement 79 , SOa Is the organization related (other than by aSSOCiation With a statewide or nationwide organlzallon) through common ------­ membership. governing bodies, trustees, officers. etc. to any other exempt or nonexempt organization' BOa Xl b If 'Yes,' enter the name of the organization .. N/A ,! ------;nd ~h;ck ~h~the~ rt I~ 1];x;;Pl; - -0 ;o~~;~i i S1 a E~e~ dlr-;cl;'d ~ct;r;cl~irt,ZaIe~~~drtu-;-e~(Se; I-;n;; 81 ~nstruclions) 81 al O. I ------_.~- b Old the organization hie Form 1120·POl for thiS year' 8lb X BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEAOI06l 01118107 Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 7 I Part VI IOther Information (contmued) Yes No 82 a O,d the organlziltlon receive donated services or the use of matenals, equipment, or facilities at no charge or at substanlially less than fair rental value 7 82a X

h If ·V,..,.. , " ..... " ...,...... " 'nrl ...... t ...... l-o,r<> " .... 1, ,.... ,.../0 ...... ~,...... ,,.. """',.no r"'\n ...... " ... " ...... +k.,...... " ...... ­ reve~-;;e ~n-PartJ, or-as"a~ ·e~pe'nse I~' Pa~tTI"(Seelrl'stru~t70~s',~'Pa;t'III')" - "._-. ,,­ I 82bl N/Af _.". R'l,. n,rl the "'')an'7at,on ""mOly w,th the public ,nsoeellon requtremef1ts for returns and "xempllof1 aprlrcatrons7 838 X I· ­ b O,d the organlzalion comply with the disclosure requirements relaling to qUId pro quo contnbutlons7 83b X 84a Old the organization soliCit any contributions or gifts that were not tax deductlble7 84a X b If 'Yes,' did the or~anlzatlon JOclude with every solicitation an express statement that such contnbutlons or gifts were -. ­ not tax deductible 84b NA 85 501 (e) (4), (5), or (6) organizations a Were substantially all dues nondeductible by members? 8Sa N A b Old the organrzatlon make only In·house lobbYing expenditures of $2,000 or less? 8Sb N A I;-:i If 'Yes' was answered to either 85a or 85b, do not complete 85c through 85h below unless the organization received a .. t waiver for oroxv tax owed for the onor vear : c Dues, assessments, and similar amounts from members 85 cr- -=N'-:-/A"" \ .,' '. 4)' 'J'" 'I e'm"ndlhJre~ ~ j Ii <;!'t":!Ion 1f;?(e) lohhvlOn 'lnd nnhtlt":'ll R'>1i N I A;'., I ,{' e Aggregate nondeductible amount of section 6033(e)(I)(A) dues notices i-' >. N/A\': :" f Taxable amount of lobbYing and poillical expenditures (line 85d less 85e) ~ N/A .:. , r,,~.f: 9 Does the organization elect to pay the section 6033(e) lax on the amount on hne 85P 85g N A

h If section 6033(e)( I)(A) dues notices were sen~ does the organizatIOn agree to add the amount on line 8Sf to Its reasonable estimate of '~ :l.. dues allocable to nondeductible lobbying and polibcal expenditures for the follOWing tax year~ 8Sh N A A 86 50/(e)(7) organrzatlons Enter a Inilialion fees and capital contnbutlons IOcluded on j \r, H line 12- 86a N/A to: . b Gross receipts, IOcluded on IlOe 12, for public use of club facllrlles 86b N/A ., n 87 501(c)(12) organizations Enter a Gross Income from members or shareholders 87a NIA w~ ~: I ~~~, b Gross Income from other sources (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources ~:,\4 against amounts due or received from them) 87b N/A , ~" «\\ 88 a At any lime dunng the year, did the organization own a 50% or greater IOterest 10 a taxable corporation or partnership, >, or an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations secllons 301 7701·2 and 301 7701·3? 'tt., .. ' ' If 'Yes,' complete Part IX 88a X b At any lime dunng the year, did the organization, directly or IOdlrectly, own a controlled ent Ity WlthlO the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If 'Yes,' complete Part XI ~ 88b X " 89a 501(e)(3) organizatIons Enter Amount of tax Imposed on the organlzalion dunng the year under ~' ':LA '~, - '~ " ~ ~n """,l"\ ...... ,,.,.., ,",,0' 1 n .... 110'",)" fl o:-,., ...hn.., ,I'IOC::C:: ..______A 'iI " W" b 501 (e)(3) and 501 (c)(4) orgamzatlons Did the organization engage In any section 4958 exce ss benefit transaction " '\" dunng the year or did It become aware of an excess benefit transaction from a pnor year? If 'Yes,' attach a statement ~ .. .. explalOing each transaction 89b X ~ '.' c Enter Amount of tax Imposed on the organization managers or disqualified persons dunng the ~ !! year under sections 4912,4955, and 4958 ~ ~ \" O. ',m., ~ ;.'" ?j d Enter Amount of tax on line 89c, above, reimbursed by the orgaOlzatlon O. " e All organizatIons At any time dunng the tax year, was the organizalJon a party to a prohibit ed tax shelter transaction? 8ge X f All organizations Old the organization acqUire a direct or Indirect Interest In any applicable Insurance contract? 89f X i lX.' 9 For supportmg organizations and sponsormg organrzatlons mamtamlng donor adVised funds Old the supporting ~9~ \ "'f.!' organlzalion, or a fund maintained by a sponsoring organization, have excess bUSiness hold Ings at any lime dUring , - . 1 the year? 89g X 90 a List the states With which a copy of thiS return IS filed ~ _N.9liE _

b Number of employees employed In the pay penod that Includes March 12, 2006 1 9Ob! (See Instruclions) ., 0 91 a The books are In care of ~ ______Telephone number ~ _

Located at ~ -J ZIP + 4 ~ _

Yes No b At any time dunng the calendar year, did the orgaOlzalion have an Interest 10 or a signature or other authonty over a financial account In a foreign country (such as a bank account, secunlies account. or other flOanclal account)? 91 b X If 'Yes,' enter the name of the foreign country ~ . ------, See the IOstrucltons for exceptions and filing requlremenls for Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and , FinanCial Accounts I BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEA0107L 01/18107 Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Part VI other Information (contmued) c At any time dunng the calendar year, did the organization maintain an office outside of the United States? 91 c X If 'Yes: enter the name of the foreign country ~ 92 Section 4947(a)(7) nonexempt chantable trusts ~iI~g-F~;'-990~n-il;u-;; Fo~';;i(Ji1-:::' Che~k-h;r; ------N/A - -;-0 and enter the amount of tax-exempt Interest receIved or accrued ounnQ the tax year ~192 I N/A Part VII Analvsis of Income-Producina Activities (See the instructIOns.) I I - Unrelated bUSiness Income Excluded by section 512. 513, or 514 (E) Note: Enter gross amounts unless (A) (B) (C) (D) Related or exempt otherwise mdlcated BUSiness code Amount Excl us IOn code Amount function Income 93 Program service revenue a b c d e t Medicare/MedIcaid payments 9 Fees & contracts from government agencies 94 Membership dues and assessments 95 Interest on savings &temporary cash Invmn!s I 96 DIVidends & Interest from securities 16,898. 97 Net rental Income or (loss) from real estate a debt-financed property b not debt-financed property 98 i;et rental Income or (loss) from pers prop 99 Other Investment Income 100 Gain or (loss) from sales of assets other than Inventory 5 180. 101 Net Income or (loss) from special events 102 Gross prof:! or (loss) from sales of ,n""nlory

103 Other revenue a I b c - d e 104 Subtotal (add cclumns (B), (D), and (E» 22,078. 105 Total (add line 104. columns (8), (D), and (E» 22,078. Note: Lme 705 plus /me le, Part I, should eaual the amount on Ime 72,Part I )Part VIII Relationship of Activities to the Accomplishment of Exempt Purposes (See the instructIons.) Line No. Explain how each activity for which Income IS reported In column (E) of Part VII contributed Importantly to the accomplishment ... of the organization's exempt purposes (other than by providing funds for such purposes) ---- N/A

I Part IX Information Reaarding Taxable Subsidiaries and Disregarded Entities (See the instructions.) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Name, address, and EIN of corporabon, Percentage of Nature or activities Total End-of-year partnership, or disregarded entity ownership Interest Income assets N/A % % % % 1 PartX Information Regarding Transfers Associated with Personal Benefit Contracts (See the instructIons. a O,d the organizatIOn, dUring the year, receive any funds. dlfectly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract' 8Yes ~NO b Did the organization, dUring the year, pay premiums, directly or Indirectly, on a personal benefit contract' Yes X No Note: If 'Yes' to (bJ, file Form 8870 and Form 4720 (see instructions) BAA TEEAOI08L 04104107 Form 990 (2006) Form 990 (2006) ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 9 I Part XI IInformation Regarding Transfers To and From Controlled Entities. Complete only If the orgamzatlon IS a controlltng orgamzatlon as defmed m section 512(b)(l3). Yes No 106 Old the reporting organization make any transfers to a controlled entity as defined In secloon 512(b)(13) of the Code; If 'Yes: complete the schedule below for each controlled entrty X (A) (B) (C) Name, address. of each Employer Identification Descnption of (D? controlled entity Number transfer Amount 0 transfer ------a ------

~------b ------­ ------c ------. Totals " r >, . ~ Yes No 107 Did the reporting organization receive any transfers from a controlled entity as defined !n secloon 512(b)(13) of the Code' If ·Yes.' complete the schedule below for each controlled entity X (A) (8) (C) Name, address. of each Employer Identification Description of (0/ controlled entity Number transfer Amount 0 transfer r ------a r------­

b ------~------

~------c r------­

Totals

Yes No

108 Old the organization have a btndlny wntten contract In effect on August 17, 2006, covering the Interest, rents, royalties, and annUities descnbed In question 10 above' X

Under g~ perJU~ 'fJ'{'re tI'.a11 ha""prm,ned thiS return. 'nclud'~accom~an~'ng sche&l'les and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and beilef. 'I ,s :'corr ct. ancl compte taratronc=r :':hceo 's ba on at 'nf rmatron wl'IlCll preparer has a~Y gw:a9;Q_~8 Please Sign S,gnalure of off,cer Dale Here ~ Type or prrnl name and t'tle .....--- I Check ,f 001 Preparer's SSN or PTtN (See Preparer's ~.d'~~"V' ID~ General Instruct,on W) Paid ~ 's'/6lf self· Signature Pre- EVA GARIBIAN, CPA /L'''' I VOl) employed • X N/A parer's Firm's name (or GARIBIAN & ASSOCIATES ACCOUNTANCY CORPORATION yours If selt· Use employed). ~ 417 S 1ST AVE EIN • N/A address. and Only ZIP+4 ARCADIA, CA 91006-3830 Phone no • (626) 445-3665 BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEAOll0L 01119/07 Organization Exempt Under OMS No 1545 0047 SCHEDULE A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) Section 501(cX3} (Except Private Foundation) and Section 501(e}, 501(1). 501(k}, 501(n), or 4947(a}(1} Nonexempt Charitable Trust Supplementary Information - (See separate instructions.) 2006 Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service .. MUST be completed by the above organizations and attached to their Form 990 or 990-EZ. Name of the organization Employer Identification number ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 L..:....:~.:...-_--! Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Employees Other Than Officers, Directors, and Trustees (See Instructions List each one If there are none, enter 'None ') (a) Name and address of each (b) Title and average (c) Compensahon (d) Contnbutlons (e) Expense employee paid more hours per week to employee benefit account and other than $50,000 devoted to position plans and deferred allowances compen~abon ------NONE ------

------I I

------I ------,

\- " " Total number of other employees paid '\.. , -. i over $50,000 .. 0 , IPart II - A ICompensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for Professional Services (See Instructions LIst each one (whether Individuals or firms) If there are none , enter 'None ')

(a) Name and address of each Independent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of service (c) Compensation NONE ------~ i ------~ ! ------

Total number of others receiving over $50,000 for profeSSional services ..I 0 IPart II - B I Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for Other Services (List each contractor who performed services other than profeSSional services, whether IndiViduals or firms. If there are none, enter 'None' See Instructions)

(a) Name and address of each Independent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of service (c) Compensation

~9~~ _

T",• .,l ~l •..,.,hor ,.,f ntht:',. ...."''''t,.'=1 ....tnrc r-O("Plu,nn I over $50,000 for other services - ..] 0 I BAA For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 and Form 990·EZ. Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006

TEEA0401L 01119107 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990 EZ) 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 2

IPart III IStatements About Activities (See Instructlons ) Yes No 1 Dunng the year, has the organlzallon attempted to Influence national, state, or local legislation, including any attempt to Influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum? If 'Yes.' enter the total expenses paid or Incurred In connection with the lobbYing acllvilles ~ $__------'N:o!.../.:;A'------­ (Must equal amounts on line 38, Part VI-A, or line i of Part VI-S) x Orgamzatlons that made an elecllon under section 501(11) by filing Form 5768 must complete Part VI·A Other organizations checking 'Yes' must complete Part VI-S AND attach a statement giving a detailed descflpt,on of the lobbying activities 2 Dunng the year, has the organization, either directly or Irldlrectly, engaged In any of the follOWing acts with any substantial contnbutors, trustees, directors, officers, creators, key employees, or members of their families, or with any taxable organization with which any such person IS affiliated as an ottlcer, director, trustee. majonty owner, or pnnclpal benefiCIary' (If the answer to any question IS 'Yes.' attach a detailed statement explammg the transactions) -, .. ~.~- -- _ .w ~

a Sale, exchange, or leaSing of property? 2a X

b Lending of money or other extension of credit? 2b X

c Furntshlng of goods, services, or facllilles? 2c X

d Payment of compensation (or payment or relmburs~ment of expenses If more than $I,OOO)? 2c:.l X

e Transfer of any part of Its Income or assets? 2e Ix 3a Old the organization make grants for scholarships, fellowships, student loans, etc? (If 'Yes.' attach an explanation of how the organlzallon determines that recipients qualify to receive payments) 3a I X

b Old the organization have a section 403(b) annUity plan for ItS employees? 3b I X c Did the organlzallon receive or hold an easement for conservation purposes, Including easements I to preserve open space, the environment, hlstonc land areas or hlstonc structures? If 'Yes.' attach a detailed statement 3c X

.... r"\ u _ ,,,....r ,..""" , ""'1, ....rr"lh+ ...... , ,..... + ....r, "" """ ,..+ +.,.. ,.,.. ? v .... _.. ,"~,' '-' '::J~'<'-~~,._,. r' v·, .... ~ ",~~" ~'".'.~ ~~ .,), .~'-~. -' -~ - •. , ""''V-'''' '~r'''''''' ~ ~,< " '_~ ,.. , .. '""" '"'''' , .,~V.,; ".. 4a Did the organlzatron maintain any donor adVised funds' If 'Yes,' complete lines 4b through 4g If 'No,' complete hnes 4f and 4g 4a X

b Did the organization maKe any taxable distributIons under section 4966' 4b N A c Did the organlzalion make a dlstnbulion to a donor, donor adVisor, or related person? 4c NA

d Enter the total number of donor adVised funds owned at the end of the tax year N/A

e Enter the aggregate value of assets held In all donor adVised funds owned at the end of the tax year NIA

Enter the total number of separate funds or accounts owned at the end of the tax year (excluding donor adVised funds Included on hne 4d) where donors have the right to prOVIde adVice on the dlstnbutlon or mvestment of amounts In such funds or accounts o

9 Enter the aggregate value of assets held In all funds or accounts Included on line 4f at the end of the tax year o.

BAA TEEA04C2L 04104107 Schedule A (Form 990 or Form 990-EZ) 2006 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 3 IPart IV IReason for Non-Private Foundation Status (See Instructions.)

I certify that the organlzallon IS not a private foundation because It IS (Please check only ONE applicable box)

5 0 A church, convention of churches, or assoclalion of churches Secllon 170(b)(1)(A)(I)

6 0 A school Section 170(b)(1)(A)(II) (Also complete Part V)

7 0 A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organlzallon Seclion 170(b)(1 )(A)(III)

8 0 A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit Section 170(b)(1)(A)(v)

9 0 A medical research organlzalion operated In conjunction with a hospital Section 170(b)(1 )(A)(iII) Enter the hospital's name, city, and state • J _

10 0 An organlzalion operated for the beneht of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unil Seclion 170(b)(1)(A)(lv) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV·A)

11 a 0 An organization that normally receives a substantial part of ItS support from a governmental unit or from the general public Seclion 170(b)(1 )(A)(vl) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV -A)

11 bOA community trust Sectron 170(b)(1)(A)(vl) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A)

12 [R] An crganlzatron that normally receives (1) more than 33·1/3% of ItS support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from actiVIlies related to Its charitable, etc, funclions - subject to certain exceplrons, and (2) no more than 33-1/3% of Its support from gross Investment Income and unrelated bUSiness taxable Income (less seclion 511 tax) from bUSinesses acquired by the organlzalion after June 30, 1975 See seclion 509(a)(2) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A) 13 0 An orgamzalion that IS not controlled by any disqualified persons (other than foundation managers) and otherwise meets the (eqUlfements of section 509(a)(3) Check the box that describes the type of supporling orgamzallon • DType I DType II oType III-Funcllonally Integrated oType III-Other Provide the followmg informatIOn about the supported organizations. (See Instrucltons ) (b) (a) (c) (d) (e) Name(s) of supported Employer Identification Type of Is the supported I Amount of or9ani7ation~c;) number (EIN) organization (described organi;ration listed in c;upport in lines 5 through 12 the supp~rtj~g above or IRe section) organlzatlon s I governing documents? Yes No I I

-- ,

I Total ~ O.

14 0 An organlzalton organized and operated 10 test for publiC safety Seclion 509(a)(4) (See IOstruclions )

tr::: .... 1" ...... nnn nnn t:''?\ 'l"nc .... \.' ,.....,. '"-' ~...., ...... ,; ~~-..,IV .."'"

TEEA0407L 01122107 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Pa e 4 L:...-:~c...:....:,---,-~ Support Schedule (Complete only 'f you checked a box on line 10. 11. or 12) Use cash method ofaccounting. o e: ou may use the work s h eet In the mstructlons "or convertinO from the accrual to the cash method of accountmg Calendar year (or fiscal year (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) beginning in) ~ 2005 2004 2003 2002 Total 15 GIftS. grants, and contnbutlons received (Do not Include unusual grants See line 28 ) 184,809. 444 834. 163,545. 252,215. 1,045.,403. 16 Membership fees received 38,775. 42 300. 35,900. 37,700. 154,675. 17 Gross receipts from admisSions. merchandise sold or services performed, or furnishing of facllibes In any actiVity that IS related to the organlzatlon's charitable, etc. purpose O. 18 Gross Income from IOteres~ dividends. amounts ;ecelved from payments on secuntles loans (section 512(aX5». rents. royalbes. and unrelated buslOess taxable Income (less section 511 taxes) from bUSinesses acqUired by the organ- Izabon after June 30 1975 17 879. 8 445. 2,342. 28.666. 19 Net Income from unrelated buslOess actiVities not Included In line 18 O. 20 Tax revenues leVied for the , or~antzat:on's benefit and elt er paid to It or expended on ,ts behalt O. 21 The value of services or facIlities furnished to the organlzalion by a governmental unit without charge Do not Include the value of services or facllittes generally furnished to , the Dubllc without charae O. 22 Other Income Attach a schedule Do not Include gain or (loss) from sale of caoltal assets SEE STMT 5 100. 275. I 589. 964. 23 Total of lines 15 through 22 241,563. 495,854. 202,376. 289,915. 1,229,708. 24 Line 23 menus line 17 241,563. 495 854. 202 376. 289 915. 1 229 708. 25 Enter 1% of line 23 2,416. 4,959. 2,024. 2,899. I 26 Organizations described on lines 10 or 11: a Enter 2% of amount In column (e), line 24 NIA .. 26a b Prepare a list for your records to show the name of and amount contnbuted by each person (other than a governmental uM or publicly supported orgaOlzabon) whose total gifts for 2002 through 2005 exceeded the amount shown 10 Ime 26a Do not file thiS list with your - ~.- ..... ,- __ .. _. _. ____ ....J return Enter the total of all these excess amounts ~ 26b c Total support for section 509(a)(1) test Enter line 24, column (e) ~ 26c d Add Amounts from column (e) for lines 18 19 ---- _..._..... ~,. __ ...__ .._-..1 22 26b 26d e Public support (line 26c minus line 26d total) ~ 26e I Public support percentage (line 26e (numerator) divided bv line 26c (denominator» ~ 26f % 27 Organtzatlons deSCribed on line 12: a For amounts Included in lines 15. 16, and 17 that were received from a 'disquallfled person: prepare a list for your records to show the name of, and total amounts received In each year from. each 'dlsquallfled person' Do not file thiS list with your return. Enter the sum of such amounts for each year (2005) .Q.:.. (2004) Q:... (2003) Q:... (2002) Q.._ bFor any amount Included In line 17 that was received from each person (other than 'dlsquaillied persons'), prepare a list for your records to show the name of. and amount received for each year, that was more than the larger of (\) the amount on line 25 for the year or (2) $5.000 (Include In the list organlzaliOns descnbed In lines 5 through 11 b. as well as individuals) Do not lile this list with your return. After computing the difference between the amount received and the larger amount deSCribed In (1) or (2), enter the sum of these differences (the excess amounts) for each year ".""n"c", n f"')('\O,,' " I')nn"" " ,...,"n", n \ .... '-' ... -'~ ------~:-. \-_. ~ ------_...:..:.-. ,-~-~~" ------_.:::::.:.- \-~Y··-I ------::::.."_ C Add Amounts from column (e) for lines 15 1,045,403. 16 154,675. 17 20 21 27c 1 200 078. d Add Line 27a total O. and line 27b total O. 27d O. e Public support (line 27c total minus line 27d total) ~ 27e 1,200 078. f Total support for section 509(a)(2) test Enter amount from line 23, column (e) ~1271 I 1,229 708. ~ --~ ------j 9 Public support percentage (line 27e (numerator) divided by line 271 (denominator» ~ 27g 97.59 % h Investment income aercentaQe (line 18 column (e) (numerator) divided bv line 271 (denominator) ~ 27h 2.33 % 28 Unusual Grants: For an organization descnbed In line 10, 11. or 12 that received any unusual grants dUring 2002 through 2005. prepare a list for your records to show, for each year, the name of the contributor. the date and amount of the grant, and a bnef deSCription of the nature of the grant Do not Iile this list with your return. Do not Include these grants In line 15 BAA TEEA040JL 01/19107 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL· COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 5

29 Does the organlzallon have a racially nondlscnmlnatory policy toward students by statement In Its charter. bylaws. other governing Instrument, or In a resolullon of Its governing body? 1--29~r-~1-_

30 Does the organization Include a statement of Its racially nonOlscnmlnatory policy toward students In all Its brochures. catalogues. and other written communications with the public dealing with student admissions. programs. and scholarships? r-30"---l1---i1-_

31 Has the organization publicized ItS racially nondlscnmlnatory policy through newspaper or broadcast media dunng the penod of soliCitation for students, or dunng the registration penod If It has no soliCitation program, In a way that makes the policy known to all parts of the general community It serves? 1--3'-'-11----,1-­

If 'Vpr;: t ,.,lo!:lC'1:) rfoC',...... "'~ If '1\11' I r"Ilo~c:o OVf'\':::alr"l (If \lnt' r"Ic>orl ml"lreo ~I"\~.... n "",H~ .... ", ~ rAI"'\~"~.~ <:t~.~,.,....~~t , , , .

32 Does the organization malntam the follOWing a Records IIldlcatlng the racial compOSition of the student body. faculty, and admlllistrative staff? 32a b Records documenting that scholarships and other fillancial assistance are awarded on a racially nondiscriminatory basIs? 32b CCopies of all catalogues, brochures, announcements. and other written communlcallons to the public dealing Wilil stuoern aemlSSiOns, programs. ana scriolarsrllps I d Copies of all matenal used by the organization or on ItS behalf to soliCit contrlbullons? 32d

If you answered 'No' to any of the above, please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement)

33 Does the organization diSCriminate by race In any way with respect to

~' . a Students' nghts or pnvlleges? 33a

33b

C Employment of faculty or administrative staff? 33c

d Scholarships or other finanCial assistance? 33d

e Educational policies? 33e

f Use of facilities? 33f

9 Athletic programs? 33g

h Other extracurricular actiVities? 33h

If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above. please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement)

34a Does the organization receive any finanCial aid or assistance from a governmental agency? l34al

b Has the organization's right to such aid ever been revoked or suspended? 34b If you answered 'Yes' to either 34a or b, please explain uSing an attached statement.

35 Does the organization certify that It has complied with the applicable reqUirements of secllons 4 01 through 4 05 of Rev Proc 75·50, 1975·2 C 8 587. covenng raCial nondlscnmmatlon? If 'No.' attach an explanation. 35 BAA TEEAO

41 Lobbying nontaxable amount Enter the amount from the following table ­ t If the amount on Ime 40 is - The lobbying nontaxable amount is ­ Not over $500,000 20% of tho ,moo", 00 hn. 40 :J- Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000 $100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000 ~ ..- .~ -.- , -- ­ Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000 $175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000 ----~~-_ ~--- ...... _~~ ----_...... _-_. .•..__.... _.._ ... _-­ Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000 $225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,5oo,~ I Over $17,000,000 $1,000,000 -- -' - ._. ------­ ~ - _. 42 Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 41) J 42 43 Subtract line 42 from line 36 Enter -0- If line 42 IS more than line 36 43 44 Subtract line 41 from line 38 Enter ·0- If line 41 IS more than line 38 44 I Caution: If there IS an amount on either Ime 43 or Ime 44, vou must file Form 4720 4 -Year Averaging Period Under Section SOl(h) (Some organizations that made a seclion 501 (h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below See the Instructions for lines 45 through 50 )

Lobbying Expenditures During 4 ·Year Averaging Period

Calendar year (a) (b) (e) (d) (e) (or fiscal year 2006 2005 2004 2003 Total beginning in) ..

45 lobbying nontaxable amount <, ., 46 Lobbymg ceiling amount '} . (150% of hne 45(e» < :'-­

47 Total lobbying expenditures ! 48 Grassroots non· taxable amount

49 Grassroots celll~~Eamount (150% of hne 48 e))

50 Grassroots lobbYing expenditures [Part VI·B ILobbying Activity by Nonelectin Public Charities (For reporting only by organrzatlons that ~Id not complete Part VI·A) (See InstrucliOns ) N/A Dunng the year, did the organrzatron attempt to Influence national, state or local leglslaMn, Including any "Homnt tn Infh IPnrp nllhlir nnlnlnn nn ~ Ip~uc:::l~hvp m~ttp.r nr rpfprpnnllm tnrnl t~h th.:. I ,CoP nf Yes No Amount

i1 Volunteers I b Paid staff or management (Include compensalton In expenses reported on hnes c through h.) ______.______.J C Media advertisements d Malhngs to members, legislators, or the publiC e Publications, or published or broadcast statements f Grants to other organlzalions for lobbying purposes 9 Direct contact With legislators, theff statts, government offiCials, or a legislative body h Rallies, demonstratrons, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any other means i Total lobbying expenditures (add lines e through h.) If 'Yes' to any of the above, also attach a statement giVing a detailed descflpllon of the lobbYing actIVIties BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006

TEEA0405L 01119107 , Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 Page 7 IPart VII IInformation Regarding Transfers To and Transactions and Relationships With Noncharitable Exempt Organizations (See Instructions)

51 O,d the reporltng organization directly or Indirectly engage In any of the following with any other organlzallon descnbed In section 501 (c) of the Code (other than section 501 (c)(3) organizatIOns) or In section 527, relating to pollllcal organizations? a Transfers from the reporting organization to a nonchantable exempt organization of Yes No (i)Cash 51 a (I) X (ii)Other assets a (ii) X b Other transactions (i)Sales or exchanges of assets with a nonchantable exempt organization b (i) X (ii)Purchases of assets from a noncharltable exempt organization b (ii) X (iii)RentaI of faCilities, equipment, or otner assets b (jil' X (iv)Relmbursement arrangements b (iv' X (v)loans or loan guarantees bM X (vi)Performance of serVlces or membership or fundra/slng soliCitations b (vi' X e Sharing of faCilities, equipment, mailing lists, other assets, or paid employees e X d If the answer to any of the above IS 'Yes,' complete the follOWing schedule Column (b) should always show the fair market value of the ~oods, other assets. or services given by t he re~or t'~~d~r~anlza tIon If the organizatIOn receive d less than fair mar ket value In any ransactlon or shannQ arrangement. show In co umn devalue of the gooos, other assets, or services received (a) ) (b) (e) (d) line no I Amount Involved Name of nonchantable exempt organization Descnpbon of transfers, transacltons, and sharing arrangements NIl'.

I

52 a Is the organization directly or Indirectly affiliated With, or related to. one or more tax-exempt organizations descnbed In section 501 (c) of the Code (other than section 501 (c)(3» or In section 527? ~ 0 Yes ~ No b If 'Yes,' comolete the f0 IIOWInO sche d ue I (a) (b) (e) Name of organization Type of organlzatlon Descnptlon of relationship N/A

BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006

TE£A0406l 01119/07 2006 FEDERAL STATEMENTS PAGEl

ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801

STATEMENT 1 FORM 990, PART I, LINE 8 NET GAIN (LOSS) FROM NONINVENTORY SALES PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES GROSS SALES PRICE: 5,180. COST OR OTHER BASIS: O.

TOTAL GAIN (LOSS) PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES $ 5,180.

TOTAL NET GAIN (LOSS) FROM NON INVENTORY SALES $ 5,180.

/ STATEMENT 2 FORM 990, PART I, LINE 20 OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES

GAAP UNREALIZED GAIN $ 13,476. TOTAL $ 13,476.

I

STATEMENT 3 FORM 990, PART II, LINE 43 OTHER EXPENSES (A) (B) (C) (D) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TOTAL SERVICES & GENERAL FUNDRAISING ADVERTISING 10,819. 10,819. BANK CHARGES 350. 350. CONVENTION FEES 1,500. 1,500. CREDIT CHARGES 500. 500. DONATIONS 23,900. 23,900. EQUIPMENT RENTAL 3,328. 3,328. EVENT SPONSORSHIP 4,025. 4,025. FOUNDATION PROJECT EXPENSES 3,445. 3,445. FUNDRAISING 136,470. 136,470. INSURANCE 2,215. 2,215. INTERNET 2,514. 2,514. LICENSE & PERMITS 20. 20. MEALS 1,022. 1,022. MISCELLANEOUS 5,768. 5,768. OFFICE EXPENSES 16,305. 16,305. PENALTIES 595. 595. PROGRAM EXPENSES 2,405. 2,405. REPAIRS 5,735. 5,735. SUBSCRIPTIONS 100. 100. TAXES & LICENSES 60. 60. UTILITIES 1,526. 1, 526. TOTAL $ 222,602. $ 194,250. $ 28,352. $ O.

2006 FEDERAL STATEMENTS PAGE 3

ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801

STATEMENT 4 (CONTINUED) FORM 990, PART V-A LIST OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, TRUSTEES, AND KEY EMPLOYEES TITLE AND CONTRI- EXPENSE AVERAGE HOURS COMPEN- BUTION TO ACCOUNT/ NAME AND ADDRESS PER WEEK DEVOTEP SATION EBP & DC OTHER SOUZI ZEROUNIAN-KHANZADIAN DIRECTOR $ O. $ O. $ o. 104 N BELMONT #200 o GLENDALE, CA 91206

TOTAL $ O. $ O. =$======0==.

, STATEMENT 5 SCHEDULE A, PART IV-A, LINE 22 OTHER INCOME

DESCRIPTION (Al 2005 (B) 2004 (Cl 2003 COl 2002 CE) TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS $ 100. $ 275. $ 589. $ O. $ 964. TOTAL $ 100. $ 275. $ 589. $ O. $ 964. Application for Extension of Time To File an Form 8868 (Rev April 2007) Exempt Organization Return OMS No 15'l5 1709

~~~~~'!'~~~~~:::s::~~ty • File a separate applica\lon tor each return • If you are tiling for an Automatic 3-Month Extension, complete only Part I and check this box .. X • It you are tiling for an Additional (not automatic) 3-Month Extension, complete only Part II (on page 2 of this form) 00 not complete Part" unlessyou have already been granted an automatic 3·month extension on a previously tiled Form 8868 IPart I \ IAutomatic 3-Month Extension of Time. Only submit onglnal (no copies needed). r~~I~n 5?1 (e) co~~ora\lO~S reQu~red to hie Form ~:T an~ r~Ques~lng an .autom~tlc 6-~on:h.extensl~n - check this box and com~let~ Part • 0

All other corporations (including 1120-C filers), partnerships, REM1CS, and trusts must use Form 7004 to request an extension of ttme to file Income tax returns. Electronic Filing (e-Hle). Generally, you can electronically tile Form 8868 II you want a 3-month automattc extension of trme to file one of the returns noted below (6 months for sectton 501 (c) corporations required to file Form 990·T) However, you cannot Ille Form 8868 electronically If (1) you want the addillonal (not automallc) 3·month extension or (2) you file Forms 990·BL, 6069, or 8870, group returns, or a composite or consolidated Form 990·T. Instead, you must submit the tully completed and Signed page 2 (part II) of Form 8868. For more details on the electronic filing of thiS form, VISit www.lrs govleflle and click on e-ftle for Chanties & Nonproftts

Name 01 Exempt Organrzabon Employer .dentificltion number Type or print ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 95-3885801 File by !he Number, stree~ and rOOf1l or SUIte number. II a P,O box, see ,nslruclJons due dale for fllInQ your retlJrn. See 104 N. BELMONT #200 instructions City. lown or post office. slate, and ZIP code For a forelQn address. see Instructlons, GLENDALE CA 91206 Check type of return to be filed (fIle a separate application for each return) ~ - - Form 990 .....- Form 990·T (corporation) .... Form 4720 Form 990-8L Form 990·T (section 401 (a) or 408(a) trust) _ Form 5227 = X Form 990·EZ ..... Form 990·T (trust other than above) Form 6069 .... i-- i-­ Form 990-PF Form 1041·A Form 8870

• The books are 111 the care of .. _

Telephone No... FAX No... • • If the organization does not have an offIce or place of bUSiness In the United States, check thiS box • 0 • It thiS IS for a Group Return, enter the orgamzatlon's four digit Group Exemption Number (GEN) , II thiS IS for the whole group, check thiS box. ~ 0 .II II IS for part of the group, check thIS box. • 0 and attach a list With t~s and EINs of all members the extension will cover 1 I request an automatic 3-month (6 months for a section 501 (c) corporation reqUIred to file Form 990·T) extension of time until 5/15 ,20 08 ,to hIe the exempt organlzatron return for the organlzalaon named above. The e;ten;"lcm~sfOr ihe organl~hon's return for' • 0 calendar year 20 or • ~taxyearbeglnmng _lJJ!_O_l ,20 J)E_, and ending _~L:t0 .,20 jJl_.

2 If thiS tax year IS for less than 12 months, check reason: 0 Imllal return 0 FII,al return 0 Change 111 accounting period

3a It thiS application IS for Form 990·8L, 990-PF, 990-T, 4720, or 6069, enter the tentative tax, tess any nonrefundable credits. See mstructrons " ' . _ .. . . , .. 301 $ O. b If thIS apphcabon IS for Form 990-PF or 990-T, enter any refundable credIts and esbmated tax payments made. Include any prior year overpayment allowed as a credll ...... -, . 3b $ O. _.;t,~~ '. ~ .. c Balance Due. Subtract hne 3b from line 3a, Include/,our patment With thiS form, or, If reqUired, - depOSit With FTD coupon or, If reqUired, by uSing E TPS (E ectronlc Federal Tax Payment System). 1':- ;. See Instructions . - ...... , ...... " " .,...... , . . .. ., . ... ." .. 3c $ O. Caution. If you are gOing to make an electrOnic fund Withdrawal WIth thiS Form 8868, see Form 8453-EO and Form 8879·EO for payment instructions. BAA For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see instructions, Form 8868 (Rev 4-2007

FIFZOS01L 05101107 EXHIBIT 2 Armenian National Committee of America 1711 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (202) 775-1918' Fax. (202) 775-5648' [email protected]

PRESS RELEASE

For Immediate Release - 2008-10-24 Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian - Tel: (202) 775-1918

ANCA ANNOUNCES 2008 CONGRESSIONAL ENDORSEMENTS

Throws Community's Electoral Support Behind 15 U.S. Senate and 211 House Pro-Armenian American Candidates WASHINGTON, DC - With just two weeks ANCA RE.oa, CAIN to go before potentially pivotal Congressional races, the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) Joe Knollenberg today released its 2008 endorsements, R..... District 9 throwing the political and electoral strength of the Armenian American Ora_2001 A+ community behind supportive House and G'JIl'? ::006 A+ Senate candidates in forty U.S. States. Gr~de ;004 A+

"We are pleased to offer our Congressional endorsements as a resource to help Armenian American COSlMIIlsor of H.Fllts.101l.I>Im4!nlan Genoocle Rin M1nnlnll U.S. Recorcl? YES voters make informed decisions at the VoleAmericans to go to the polls and support each of our friends."

The ANCA endorsements are based primarily on the ANCA Congressional Report Card, a detailed review of each incumbent's record across a broad range of Armenian American issues. These Report Cards, prepared in consultation with local ANCA chapters across the country, cover issues ranging from securing a just resolution of the Armenian Genocide and the strengthening U.S.-Armenia relations to defending Nagorno Karabagh's independence and increasing U.S. aid and trade levels.

Among the grading criteria were membership in the Armenian Caucus and willingness to advance pro-Armenian American legislative initiatives, including the Armenian Genocide resolutions, measures against the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades, and legislative efforts to help the genocide that is taking place today in Darfur. Also considered were support for Congressional letters and participation in events advocating the recognition of the Armenian Genocide, calling for increased aid to Armenia and Nagorno Karabagh, and supporting the Republic of Nagorno Karabagh's right to self-determination. On the Senate side, special attention was devoted to efforts to exercise oversight of U.S. Ambassadorial nominees to Armenia and Turkey.

The 2008 ANCA Report Cards have '. ;; ,,) +. been expanded to include:

" Congressional Notes highlighting key initiatives taken by individual House and Senate Members - from Congressional speeches to special scrutiny of issues of concern to the Armenian American community.

* A detailed accounting of Turkish and Azerbaijani Government lobby efforts targeting Senate and House members during the 110th Congress, as reported by the U.S. Department of Justice Foreign Agent Registration division (www.fara.gov).

* Direct access to DarfurScores.org, designed by the Genocide Intervention Network, which grades Senate and House Members on their support for Darfur-related initiatives geared to help end the cycle of genocide.

The ANCA Congressional Report Cards are posted on the ANCA website at: http://www.anca.org/legislative_center/election_reportcards.php

A complete list of ANCA Congressional endorsements is provided below.

#####

2008 ANCA CONGRESSIONAL ENDORSEMENTS

Alabama

District #7: Artur Davis (D)

American Samoa

District #AL: Eni Faleomavaega (D)

Arizona

District #4: Ed Pastor (D) District #7: Raul Grijalva (D) District #8: Gabrielle Giffords (D)

California

District #1: Mike Thompson (D) District #3: Dan Lungren (R) District #5: Doris Matsui (D) District #6: Lynn Woolsey (D) District #7: George Miller (D) District #8: Nancy Pelosi (D) District #9: Barbara Lee (D) District #10: Ellen Tauscher (D) District #11: Jerry McNerney (D) District #12: Jackie Speier (D) District #13: Pete Stark (D) District #14: Anna Eshoo (D) District #15: Michael Honda (D) District #16: Zoe Lofgren (D) District #17: Sam Farr (D) District #18: Dennis Cardoza (D) District #19: George Radanovich (R) District #20: Jim Costa (D) District #21: Devin Nunes (R) District #22: Kevin McCarthy (R) District #23: lois Capps (D) District #24: Elton Gallegly (R) District #25: Buck McKeon (R) District #26: David Dreier (R) District #27: Brad Sherman (D) District #28: Howard Berman (D) District #29: Adam Schiff (D) District #30: Henry Waxman (D) District #31: Xavier Becerra (D) District #32: Hilda Solis (D) District #33: Diane Watson (D) District #34: lucille Roybal-Allard (D) District #35: Maxine Waters (D) District #37: laura Richardson (D) District #38: Grace Napolitano (D) District #39: Linda Sanchez (D) District #40: Edward Royce (R) District #41: Jerry lewis (R) District #42: Gary Miller (R) District #43: Joe Baca (D) District #44: Ken Calvert (R) District #45: Mary Bono Mack (R) District #46: Dana Rohrabacher (R) District #47: loretta Sanchez (D) District #48: John Campbell (R) District #49: Darrell Issa (R) District #50: Brian Bilbray (R) District #51: Bob Filner (D) District #53: Susan Davis (D)

Colorado

Senate: Mark Udall (D) - OPEN SEAT

District #1: Diana DeGette (D) District #3: John Salazar (D) District #4: Marilyn Musgrave (R) District #7: Edwin Perlmutter (D)

Connecticut

District #1: John larson (D) District #2: Joe Courtney (D) District #3: Rosa Delaura (D) District #5: Chris Murphy (D)

Delaware

Senate: Joe Biden (D) District of Columbia

District #AL: Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)

Florida

District #4: Ander Crenshaw (R) District #9: Gus Bilirakis (R) District #17: Kendrick Meek (D) District #19: Benjamin Graber (I) -- CHALLENGER District #21: Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R) District #22: Ron Klein (D) District #25: Mario Diaz-Balart (R)

Georgia

District #1 : Jack Kingston (R) District #5: John Lewis (D) District #8: James Marshall (D) District #12: John Barrow (D)

Guam

District #AL: Madeleine Bordallo (D)

Hawaii

District #1: Neil Abercrombie (D) District #2: Mazie Hirono (D)

Illinois

Senate: Richard Durbin (D)

District #1 : Bobby Rush (D) District #2: Jesse Jackson (D) District #3: Daniel Lipinski (D) District #6: Peter Roskam (R) District #7: Danny Davis (D) District #8: Steve Greenberg (R) - CHALLENGER District #9: Janice Schakowsky (D) District #10: Mark Kirk (R) District #11: Debbie Halverson (D) - OPEN SEAT District #12: Jerry Costello (D) District #13: Scott Harper (D) - CHALLENGER District #14: Bill Foster (D) District #16: Donald Manzullo (R) District #17: Phillip Hare (D)

Indiana

District #1: Peter Visclosky (D) District #3: Mark Souder (R) Iowa

District #1: Bruce Braley (D)

Kentucky

Senate: Mitch McConnell (R)

District #3: John Yarmuth (D)

Louisiana

District #3: Charlie Melancon (D)

Maine

Senate: Susan Collins (R)

District #1: Chellie Pingree (D) OPEN SEAT District #2: Michael Michaud (D)

Maryland

District #3: John Sarbanes (D) District #5: Steny Hoyer (D) District #8: Christopher Van Hollen (D)

Massachusetts

Senate: John Kerry (D)

District #1: John Olver (D) District #2: Richard Neal (D) District #3: James McGovern (D) District #4: Barney Frank (D) District #5: Niki Tsongas (D) District #6: John Tierney (D) District #7: Edward Markey (D) District #8: Michael Capuano (D) District #9: Stephen Lynch (D) District #10: William Delahunt (D)

Michigan

Senate: Carl Levin (D)

District #4: Dave Camp (R) District #5: Dale KiJdee (D) District #7: Tim Walberg (R) District #8: Mike Rogers (R) District #9: Joe Knollenberg (R) District #1 0: Candice Miller (R) District #11: Thaddeus McCotter (R) District #12: Sander Levin (D) District #14: John Conyers (D)

Minnesota

Senate: Norm Coleman (R)

District #1: Timothy Walz (D) District #4: Betty McCollum (D) District #5: Keith Maurice Ellison (D) District #6: Michele Marie Bachmann (R) District #7: Collin Peterson (D)

Mississippi

District #2: Bennie Thompson (D)

Missouri

District #1: William Clay (D) District #5: Emanuel Cleaver (D)

Nevada

District #1: Shelley Berkley (D) District #3: Jon Porter (R)

New Hampshire

Senate: John Sununu (R)

District #1: Jeb Bradley (R) - CHALLENGER District #2: Paul Hodes (D)

New Jersey

Senate: Frank Lautenberg (D)

District #1: Robert Andrews (D) District #2: Frank LoBiondo (R) District #4: Christopher Smith (R) District #5: Scott Garrett (R) District #6: Frank Pallone (D) District #9: Steven Rothman (D) District #1 0: Donald Payne (D) District #11: Rodney Frelinghuysen (R) District #12: Rush Holt (D) District #13: Albio Sires (D)

New Mexico

Senate: Tom Udall (D) - OPEN SEAT

New York District #1: Tim Bishop (D) District #2: Steve Israel (D) District #3: Peter King (R) District #4: Carolyn McCarthy (D) District #5: Gary Ackerman (D) District #7: Joseph Crowley (D) District #8: Jerrold Nadler (D) District #9: Anthony Weiner (D) District #11: Yvette Clarke (D) District #12: Nydia Velazquez (D) District #14: Carolyn Maloney (D) District #15: Charles Rangel (D) District #16: Jose Serrano (D) District #17: Eliot Engel (D) District #18: Nita Lowey (D) District #19: John Hall (D) District #20: Kirsten Gillibrand (D) District #22: Maurice Hinchey (D) District #23: John McHugh (R) District #24: Michael Arcuri (D)

North Carolina

Senate: Elizabeth Dole (R)

District #1: G.K. Butterfield (D) District #12: Melvin Watt (D)

Ohio

District #1: Steve Chabot (R) District #2: David Krikorian (I) -- CHALLENGER District #10: Dennis Kucinich (D) District #13: Betty Sue Sutton (D) District #14: Steven LaTourette (R) District #17: Tim Ryan (D) District #18: Zachary Space (D)

Oregon

Senate: Jeff Merkley (D) - CHALLENGER

District #1: David Wu (D) District #3: Earl Blumenauer (D) District #4: Peter DeFazio (D)

Pennsylvania

District #1: Robert Brady (D) District #2: Chaka Fattah (D) District #6: Jim Gerlach (R) District #13: Allyson Schwartz (D) District #14: Mike Doyle (D) District #15: Charles Dent (R) District #16: Joseph Pitts (R)

Rhode Island

Senate: Jack Reed (D)

District #1: Patrick Kennedy (D) District #2: James Langevin (D)

South Carolina

District #2: Joe Wilson (R)

South Dakota

Senate: Tim Johnson (D)

District #AL: Stephanie Herseth (D)

Tennessee

District #3: Zach Wamp (R)

Texas

District #9: AI Green (D) District #10: Michael McCaul (R) District #17: Chet Edwards (D) District #18: Sheila Jackson Lee (D) District #20: Charlie Gonzalez (D) District #23: Ciro Rodriguez (D) District #24: Kenny Marchant (R) District #25: Lloyd Doggett (D) District #29: Gene Green (D)

Utah

District #2: Jim Matheson (D)

Virgin Islands

District #AL: Donna Christian-Christensen (D)

Virginia

District #3: Robert Scott (D) District #7: Eric Cantor (R) District #8: James Moran (D) District #10: Frank Wolf (R) District #11: Gerald Connolly (D) - OPEN SEAT

Washington District #3: Brian Baird (D) District #5: Cathy McMorris (R) District #7: Jim McDermott (D) District #8: Dave Reichert (R)

Wisconsin

District #1: Paul Ryan (R) District #2: Tammy Baldwin (D) District #3: Ron Kind (D) District #5: F. James Sensenbrenner (R) District #8: Steven Leslie Kagen (D) EXHIBIT 3 Armenian National Committee of America 1711 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (202) 775-1918' Fax. (202) 775-5648' [email protected]

PRESS RELEASE

For Immediate Release - 2008-10-24 Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian - Tel: (202) 775-1918

ANCA: OBAMA-BIDEN THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR ARMENIAN AMERICANS

Expands on Nine Months of Nationwide Voter Mobilization to Secure Obama-Biden Win on November 4th WASHINGTON, DC The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) today formalized its longstanding support for Barack Obama with an official endorsement of the Obama-Biden campaign for the Presidency of the United States.

The Armenian National Committee of America is proud today to formally announce our support for Barack Obama whom we endorsed this January in the Democratic Primary and have energetically backed with sustained, grassroots voter mobilization for the past nine months, said ANCA Chairman Ken Hachikian. Based on Senator Obamas strong record in office, his bold statements as a candidate, and our judgment as to the types of policies he will pursue as President, we believe that an Obama-Biden Administration would be far better positioned than a McCain-Palin one to reflect the views and values of the Armenian American community.

Barack Obama: The Choice for Change

In a powerful statement, issued on January 20th, Senator Obama voiced his strong support for passage of the Armenian Genocide Resolution and pledged that, as President. he would recognize the Armenian Genocide. The Presidential hopeful also reaffirmed his support for a strong U.S.-Armenian relationship that advances our common security and strengthens Armenian democracy. Unlike other Democratic candidates, he also pledged to promote Armenian security by seeking an end to the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades, and by working for a lasting and durable settlement of the Nagorno Karabagh conflict that is agreeable to all parties, and based upon Americas founding commitment to the principles of democracy and self determination.

The key elements of the Obama record that led to the ANCA endorsement include the following:

* Public criticism of the Bush Administration for firing former U.S. Ambassador to Armenia John Evans over his truthful remarks recognizing the Armenian Genocide. He has publicly asserted that. An official policy that calls on diplomats to distort the historical facts is an untenable policy.

* Strong support for the passage of the Armenian Genocide Resolution currently before Congress, in his capacity as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs.

* A written pledge to recognize the Armenian Genocide as President, clearly spelling out his firmly held conviction that the Armenian Genocide is not an allegation, a personal opinion, or a point of view, but rather a widely documented fact supported by an overwhelming body of historical evidence. The facts are undeniable.

* A commitment to ending the cycle of genocide. He has said, on the record, that, America deserves a leader who speaks truthfully about the Armenian Genocide and responds forcefully to all genocides. I intend to be that President.

* Letters to President Bush urging him to properly recognize the Armenian Genocide and a record of defending that position, when challenged. While visiting Azerbaijan in August 2005, in response to media inquiries about why he signed these letters, Senator Obama publicly defended his decision by stating that the Armenian Genocide was a historical fact.

* Commitment to promoting Armenias security by seeking an end to the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades.

* Support for a lasting and durable settlement of the Nagorno Karabagh conflict that is agreeable to all parties, and based upon America's founding commitment to the principles of democracy and self determination.

Joe Biden: Leading Senate Advocate on Armenian American Concerns

For over three decades, Vice-Presidential Nominee Senator Joe Biden has been a voice of moral clarity on issues of concern to the Armenian American community including:

* Support for U.S. recognition of the Armenian Genocide, dating back to his work with Senator Bob Dole to pass the Armenian Genocide Resolution (S.J.Res.212) in 1990, and to promote stronger U.S.­ Armenia relations.

* Consistent support for Section 907 of the Freedom Support Act, adopted in 1992, which restricted U.S. assistance to Azerbaijan due to its ongoing blockades of Armenia and Nagorno Karabagh.

* Leadership in pressing the Administration to explain its firing of U.S. Ambassador to Armenia, John Evans and ensuring that future nominees as U.S. Ambassador to Armenia and Turkey do not deny the Armenian Genocide.

The McCainPalin Campaign:

Throughout the primary and general election cycles, the ANCA invited all of the major candidates inc;luding Senator McCain - to share their views on Armenian Americans issues and to comment on both the growing relationship between the U.S. and Armenian governments and the enduring bonds between the American and Armenian peoples.

Senator McCain, in a letter to the ANCA this February EXHIBIT 4 '. '. OMS No 1545·0()d7 F\Hm)990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code 2006 (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) Open If) Public DepCJrtmen\ of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service • The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy stale reporting reqUirements Inspection A For the 2006 ca end ar year, or tax year beglnninq , 2006, and ending £mp'oyer Idf'nltflcatlon Humt:..er B ~ecK It applicable C D PleasE' use ~ Add'ess change IRS label ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 or pnnt 1711 NW r-- Name change or type N. STREET E Telephone number See WASHINGTON, DC 20036 Initial rerum speCIfic f0- instruc­ Accoun',"g f)(l c r- f mal return tions. F melhod ~ a~h o Accrual Amended return ~ n Other (SpeClIy) . ---- fo­ l.....- Appl!cat1on pending • Section 501 (cX3) organizations and 4947(aXl) nonexempt charitable trusts must aNach a completed Schedule A [RJ Ho (F orm 990 or 990-EZ). G Web site: ~ N/A DYes J Organization type Ivl n n (check only one) ~ t?S 501 (c) 3'" (,nsert no) 4947(a)(l) 0' 5Z7 H (d) Is thIS a sepa'ate return 'ded by an -K-·-'-C:::h-"e:::c:::k':"h'::e':":re.:L..~':::';D~-' l::ts~ r-t-h-e-O-rg-a-n-,-'-z-a.J,·,-'0:.:n"-I"s'-n-o-t-a-5-0....:9'-(a-)-(-3"').::s::cu...p...p-:.o'-rt-ln.Lg...J...o...r.::.g... a-"n:!.,z'-'a!...I.::,o'-n-a....n-d.... organ,zat,on covered by a group r"hng? I: I...v•....:s'---..L[X]:..::..L.:..:N.:...o gross receipts are normally not more (han $25,000 A return IS not reqUired, but If the I Group Exemption Number ~ organlzatton chooses to file a return, be sure to file a complete return C I I, ------:---,---:-::---,------1 M heck· LJ.lf the organization IS not required L Gross receipts Add lines 6b. 8b, 9b. and lOb to line 12 ~ 2,295,871. to attach Schedule B(Form 990, 99DEZ, or 990·PF)

IPart I I Revenue, Expenses, and Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances (See the instructIOns.) 1 Contributions, gifts. grants, and Similar amounts received a ContributIOns to donor adVised funds 1 aI, 948 819. b Direct publiC support (not Included on line 1a) f-"-1.=b+- ....:2:.-2_.6=-.L.=1:.-9-..:3:=....:...j. c Indirect publiC support (no' Included on line la) f-...:.1....:c+- -1 d Government contributions (grants) (not Included on line 1a) L...:1....:d:.L. --j e T~l~r~~~~ '\~~S(Cash $ 2 , 175, 012. noncash $ ) le 2,175,012. 2 Program service revenue inclUding government fees and contracts (from Part VII. line 93) 2 3 Membership dues and assessments 1-----'3=--+ _ 4 Interest on savings and temporary cash Investments 4 667. 5 D'Vidends and Interest from securities 5 175. c:.) 6 a Gross rents I 6al 120,017. = b Less rental expenses ~= c Net rental Income or (loss) Subtract line 6b from line 6a 6c -89,292. C-C) R 7 Other Investment Income (describe ~ ---,--~---=-----_r---,-----::-----L..j)_7:...-+­ _ \:~ E (A) Securities (8) Other Z V 8a Gross amount from sales of assets other E than Inventory 8a .~ N V E b Less cost or other baSIS and sales expenses 8b 8c > ~~ d Net gain or (loss) Combine line 8c, columns (A) and (B) 8d fi/ 9 SpeCial events and actiVities (attach schedule) If any amount IS from gaming, check here

""",?" a Gross revenue (not Including $ of contributions ,,'"'0 reported on Ilr2 1b) 1f-:.9.~a'+--I ~--l 0'd b Less direct expenses other than fundralslng expenses ~~9_b-'- --1 c Net Income or (loss) from speCial events Subtract line 9b from line 9a 9c 10 a Gross sales of Inventory, less returns and allowances 110al b Less cost of goods sold lOb c Gross protIt or (loss) from sales of Inventory (attach schedule) Subtract line lab from line lOa 10c 11 Other revenue (from Part VII, line 103) 11 12 Totat revenue. Add lines 1e, 2, 3, 4, 5.Jicr7·;-8d;-~t-:10c, and 11 12 2,086,562. 13 Program services (frl'~cotumn (8» . 13 300,000. E X 14 Management and geheral (from 'Iim;_44,-~0Iu~rr(c)5 14 29,097. P E 15 FundralSlng (from Iln~ ~(0)), nr.7 ; .. r 15 480,496. N S 16 Payments to affiliates' (iillact\,scM~dGle). 7 . , 16 E ~ -I •. - , S 17 Total expenses. Add lines 16 and 44, columr:HA1- -1---...:1..:.7-+ ..::8:..::0:....:9:=..!,~5::o.::.9::o3..:.... 18 Excess or (defiCit) for \he ~.~Subtractline 17·from Iln~ 12 18 1,276,969. A H S 19 Net assets or fund bal~nces a~bllginOlng {)f yeanfrom line 73, column (A)) 19 237, 519. E 5 T E 20 Other changes In net asseiS-o~ fund balances (attach explanation) SEE STATEMENT 1 20 8, 118 . T S 21 Net assets or fund balances at end of year Combine lines 18. 19, and 20 21 1, 522, 606. RAA for Privacv Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions. "lEEA01 09L 01122107 Form 990 (2006) Form 990 (2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Pa e2 Statement of Functional Expenses All organizations must complete column (A) Columns (B), (C), and (D) are '-----'-'---'--~ required for section 501 (c)(3) and (4) organizations and section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt cnantable trusts but optional for others Do not mclude amounts reported on Ime (A) Total (B) Program (C) Management (0) FundralSlng 6b, Bb, 9b, lOb, or 16 of Part I services and qeneral 22a Grants paid from donor advised funds (attach sch) (cash $ non-cash $ ) If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~D 22a 22 b Other grants and allocations (att sch) SEE sn 2 (cash $ 300,000_ non·cash $ ) If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~D 22b 300,000. 300,000. 23 Specific assistance to IndiViduals (attach schedule) 23

24 Benefits paid to or for members (attach schedule) 24 25a Compensation of current officers, dllectors, key employees, etc Iisled In Part V·A (attach sch) 25a O. O. O. O. b Compensation of former officers. directors. key emPlores, etc listed In Part V-B (attach sch 25b O. O. O. O. c Compensation and other dlstnbullons, not Included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under sectIOn 49Sa(f)(1» and persons descnbed In section 49Sa(c)(3)(B) (attach schedule) 25c O. O. O. O. 26 Salaroes and wages of employees not IIIcluded on lines 25a, b, and c 26

27 Pension plan controbut,ons not Included on lines 25a, b, and c 27

28 Employee benefits nOllncluded on lines 25a . 27 ~ f----. 29 Payroll taxes 29 30 Professional fundralslng fees 30 31 Accounting fees 31

32 Legal fees 32 .­ 33 Supplies 33 34 ielephone 34 35 Postage and shipping 35 5,031. 5,031, ,., ",...,.... 36 Occuoancy 36 ..1...1.,uvu. 11 000. 37 EqUipment rental and maintenance· 37 38 Prmtlng and publicahons 38 10,455. 10,455. 39 iravel 39 40 Conferences, convenlions, and meelrngs 40 41 Interest 41 211. 211. 42 Depreciation, depletIOn, etc (attach schedule) 42 43 Other expenses not covered above (Itemize) aPI~E~~ ______43a 2,400. 2,400. b J'§~E]BQN_ [QN..9BAJ.0IN_G_ ~Xl'_ 43b 480,496. 480,496. c ------43c d ------43d e ------43e f ------43f 9 ______------­ 43Q 44 Total functional expenses. Add lines 22a ~rrOu~~i3g (Or~amza\lons completm~ columns B)· D, cariy t ese totals to lines 1 - 15) 44 809,593. 300 000. 29 097. 480 496. Joint Costs. Check ~U If you are follOWing SOP 98·2 Are any JOint costs from a combined educabonal campaign and fundralsmg Solicitation reported m (B) Program services' .-0 Yes ~ No If 'Yes,' enter (i) the aggregate amount of these JOint costs $ , (ii) the amount allocated to Program services $ , (iii) the amount allocated to Management and general $ . and (iv) the amount allocated to Fundralsmg $ BAA TEEA01 02l. 0112.3107 Form 990 (2006) F'orm 99d (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-419 0026 Page 3 [I§I't III IStatement of Program Service Accomplishments Form 990 IS available for public Inspection and, for some people, serves as the primary or sole source of ,nformation about a particular organization How the public perceives an organization In such cases may be determined by the Information presented on ItS return Therefore, please make sure the return IS complete and accurate and fully describes, In Part III, the organization's programs and accomplishments What IS the organization's primary exempt purpose? ~ SEE STATEMENT 3 Program ServIce Expenses All organizations must describe therr exempt purpose ach-;-e;emenlS -;-n-aclear and conc-;-se mann-e~ State the-number-of (Re(~)'~~~;~~2~~,~~Cl(;~rd clients served, [)ubllcatlons Issued, etc D,scuss achievements thai are not measurable (SectIOn 501 (c)(3) and (4) organ-) 4947(a)(l) trusts. but ,zat,ons and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts must also enter the amount of grants and anocatlOns to others aploanal tar athers) a ------_.SEE STATEMENT 4

------n (Grants and allocations $ ) If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~ I I 300,000. b

c

------n (Grants and allocatIOns $ ) If this amount Includes forelqn grants, check here ~ I I d

e Other program services (Grants and allocations $ ) If this amount Includes foreign grants, check here ~D f Total of Program Service Expenses (should equal line 44, column (8), Program services) 300,000. BAA Form 990 (2006)

lEEA0103L 01118/07 Form 99'0 (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 4 IPart IV I Balance Sheets (See the instructIOns) Note: Where reqUired, attached schedules and amounts wlthm the descnptlOn (A) (8) column should be for end-of-year amounts only Beginning of year End of year 45 Cash - non-rnterest-beanng 45 46 Savings and temporary cash Investments 232,509. 46 129, BBl.

47 a Accounts receivable 47a

b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 47b . 47c

48a Pledges receivable 48a -- bLess allowance for doubtful accounts 48b 48c 49 Grants receivable 49

50 a Receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, and key employees (attach schedule) 50a

b Receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under sectton 4958(f)(1)) and persons descnbed In section 4958(c)(3)(B) (attach schedule) SOb A s S 51 a Other notes and loans receivable E (attach schedule) 51 a 5B,655. T s b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 51 b 51 c 58,655. ~~ 52 Inventories for sale or use 52 53 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges 53 54a Investments - publicly-traded secunt,es .. Bcost BFMV 54a b Investments - other secuntles (attach sch) .. Cost FMV 5,010. 54b 42,723. 55a Investmellts -. land, buildings, & equipment baSIS 55a ------b Less accumulated depreciation " (attach schedule) 55b SSe 56 Investments - other (attach schedule) 56 57 a Land, buildings, and equipment baSIS 57a 2,672,547.

b Less accumulated depreclalton i (attach schedule) STATEMENT 5 57b 46,600. 57e 2 625,947. 58 Other assets, Including program-related Investments (descnbe ~ ) 58 ------~------59 Total assets (must equal line 74) Add lines 45 through 58 237,519. 59 2,857,206. 60 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 60 61 Grants payable 61 l 62 Deferred revenue 62 I A B 63 Loans from officers, directors, trustees, and key I employees (attach schedule) 63 l I 64a Tax-exempt bond liabilities (attach schedule) 64a T I b Mortgages ]nd other notes payable (attach schedule) 64b 1,275,000. E s 65 Other liabilities (descnbe ~ §~E:. §r~T_E~I~:N]_ §. ______) 65 59,600. 66 Total liabilities. Add lines 60 through 65 O. 66 1,334,600. Organizations that follow SFAS 117, check here ~ oand complete lines 67 N E through 69 and lines 73 and 74 T 67 Unrestncted 67 As s 68 Temporarily restncted 68 E T s 69 Permanently restncted 69 0 OrganizatIOns that do not follo~ SFAS 117, check here .. IKJ and complete lines R 70 through 74 r - -­ u N 70 Capital stock, trust pnnclpal, or current funds 70 0 71 Paid-In or capital surplus, or land, building, and equipment fund 71 B A Retamed earnings, endowment, accumulated Income, or other funds l 72 237 519. 72 1 522 606. A N c 73 Total nef assets or fund balances. Add lines 67 through 69 or lines 70 through - -­ E 72 (Column (A) must equal line 19 and column (8) must equal line 21) 237,519. 73 1 522,606. s 74 Tolalliabihties and net assetslfund balances. Add hnes 66 and 73 237,519. 74 2,857,206. BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEA01 04l. 0111 BiD] Form 990 (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 5 IPart IV-A I Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements with Revenue per Return (See the instructIOns.) - -

a Total revenue, gains, and other suppar! per audited financial statements a 2,963,784. b Amounts Included on line a but not on Palt I, line 12 1 Net unrealized gains on Investments b 11 8,119, 2 Donated services and use of facrlilles b2 3 Recoveries of prior year grants b3 40ther (specify) ------­ SEE STM 7 b4 869,103. ------~ Add lines b1 through b4 b 877,222.- Subtract line b from line a 5~.L c ~ 2, 086, d Amounts Included on Part I, line 12, but not on line a: 1 Investment expenses not Included on Part I, line 6b d1 20ther (specify) ------­ -­ -­ ------_._------­ d2 Add lines d1 and d2 d - e Tolal revenue (Part I, line 12) Add lines c and d • e 2,086,562 . IPart IV-B IReconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements with Expenses per Return

a Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements a 833,500. b Amounts Included on line a but not on Part I, Ime 17 I 1Donated services and use of facrillre!-i b1 2Prlor year adjustments reported on Pari I, line 20 b2 3Losses reported on Part I, Ime 20 b3 40ther (specify) ------SEE STMT 8 b4 23,907, Add lines b1 through b4 b 23, 907 ~. c Subtract line b from line a c 809,593. - d Amounts Included on Part I, line 17, but not on Ime a: 1 Investment expenses not Included on Part I. line 6b d1 20ther (specify) ------d2 Add Imes d1 and d2 d e Total expenses (Part I, line 17) Add lines c and d • e 809,593. IPart V-A ICurrent Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees (List each person who was an officer, director, trustee, or key employee at any time durrng the year even If they were not compensated) (See the instructions) I(B) Tit I~ ~nd average h~H.~r~ I (C} r..... ~~pe~satlon I (0) CUrrl/lDutlons to eE) expense (if not paid, employee benefit (A) Name and address I per week devoted account and other to POSition enter -0-) plans and deferred allowances compensation plans ------KEN HACHIKIAN PRESIDENT O. O. o. ------1711 N. STREET NW 5 WASHINGTON, DC 20036 ------ARAM HAMPARIAN SECRETARY O. O. O. ------1711 N. STREET NW 5 WASHINGTON, DC 20036 ------CHRIS HEKIMIAN TREASURER O. O. O. )2!.1_ B~ §IBE§!' _~______8 WASHINGTON, DC 20036 ------

------

BAA TEEAOIOSL 01118107 Form 990 (2006) Form 990 (2005) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 6 IPart V·A ICurrent Officers Directors Trustees and Key Emoloyees (continued) Yes No 75 a Enter the total number of officers, directors, and trustees permitted to vote on organization business as board meelings .. 3 ~------b Are any oH,cers, directors, trustees, or key employees listed In Form 990, Part V-A, or highest compensated employees listed In Schedule A, Part I, or highest compensated professional and other Independent contractors listed In Schedule A, Part II-A or II-B, related to each other through family or business relationships? If 'Yes,' attach a statement that ,denlif,es the individuals and explains the relatlonshlp(s) 75b X I c Do any oH,cers, directors, trustees, or key employees listed ,n fom' 990, Part V-A, or highest compensated employees listed In Schedule A. Part I, or highest compensated professlona: -'lnd other Independent contractors listed ,n Schedule A, Part II-A or II-B, receive compensation from any other orpanlzallonS, whether tax exempt or taxable, that are related to the organization? See the Instructions for the definition 0 'related organization' 75c X I If 'Yes,' attach a statement that Includes the ,nformation descllbed ,n the instructions d Does the organlzalron have a wlltten conflict of Interest policy? 75d X I IPart V-B I Form~r Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees That Received Compensation or Other BenefIts (If any former oHlcer, director, trustee, or key employee received compensation or other benefits (descllbed below) during the year, list that person below and enter the amount of compensation or other benefits In the approprrate column See the Instructions) (C) Compensalion (0) Contllbutlons to (E) Expense (B) Loans and (If not paid, employee benefit account and other (A) Name and address Advances enter -0-) plans and deferred allowances compensation plans

------­NONE

I Part VI IOther Information (See the instructIOns,) Yes No 76 Old the organization make a change In ItS aclivltles or methods of conducting activities? ­ If 'Yes,' attach a detailed statement of each change 76 - - ~ ~i 77 Wprp any (hanges made :r: thc Grga";z,,,g 0, gOve" lilly documents Out not reported to the IRS? 77

If 'Yes,' attach a conformed copy of the changes - 78a O,d the organization have unrelated bUSiness gross Income of $1,"00 or more dUling the year covered by thiS return? 7Ba X I b If 'Yes,' has It filed a tax return on Form 990·T for thiS year? 7Bb N A I 79 Was there a liqUidation, diSSolution, termlnaIJon, or substanIJal contraction dUling the year? If 'Yes,' attach a statement 79 X I 80 a Is the organlza\lon related (other than by assocla\lon With a stateWide or na\lonwlde organlza\lon) through common membership, governing bodies, trustees, oH,cers, etc, to any other exempt or nonexempt organization? BOa X I b If 'Yes,' enter the name of the organization ~ !,![A______and check whether It IS D exempt or Dnonexempt 81 a Enter direct and Indirect political expenditures (See line 81 instructions) I 81 al O. bO,d the orqanlzat,on file Fomn 1120-POL for thiS vear? 81 b X I BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEA0106l 01118107 Form 990 (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 7 I Part VI IOther Information (continued) Yes No 82 a O,d the organization receive donated services or the use of materials. eqUipment. or facrlltles at no charge or at substantially less than fair rental value? 82a X

b If 'Yes,' you may Indicate the value of these Items here Do not Include thiS amount as 182b' revenue In Part I or as an expense In Part II (See Instructions In Part III ) c...=.=).l..-I -=-N"'/....:A C4 83a Old the organization comply With the publiC Inspection requirements for returns and exemption applications? 83a X b Old the organization comply With the disclosure reqUirements relating to qUid pro quo contrrbutlons? 83b X 8411 O,d the organization soliCit any conlrrbutlons or gifts that were not tax deductible? 84a x b If 'Yes,' did the orqanlzatlon Include With every SoliCitation an express statement that such contrrbutlons or gifts were not lax deductible' _ 84b N A 85 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations a Were substantially all dues nondeductible by members? 8Sa N A b Old the organization make only In-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? 8Sb N A If 'Yes' was answered to either 85a or 85b, do not complete 85c through 85h below unless the organization received a waiver tor proxy tax owed for the prror year

c Dues, assessments, and similar amounts from members f---"-8"-5-"c+- ~__'_'_I d Section 162(e) lobbying and political expenditures _8_5_d+- --'---'-----I

e Aggregate nondeductible amount at section Ei033(e)(1)(A) dues notices f--"8=-5=-et- .:..:.!.--"=1

f Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (lIne 85d less 85e) L--"8Sc:....:...f.l..- .:..:.!.__'_'_I 9 Does the organization elecl to pay the section 6033(e) tax on the amount on line 85f? h If section 6033(e)(I)(A) dues notices were sent, does the organrzatlon agree to add the amount on line 85f to Its reasonable estimate of dues allocable to nondeductible lobbymg and political expenditures for the followmg tax year? 86 501(c)(7) organizations Enter a Initiation fees and capital contributions Included on

line 12 r---86_a+- -'--'__'_'_I

b Gross receipts, Included on line 12, for publiC use of club faCilities r--=:86-=-.=bt- .:..:.!.--"=1 87 501(c)(l2) organizations Enter a Gross Income from members or shareholders f---"-87-'---=a+- ~__'_'_I

b Gross Income from other sources (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources against amounts due or received from them) 87b N/A 88 a At any time dUring the year, did the organization own a 50% or greater Interest In a taxable corporallon or partnership, or an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301 7701-2 and 301 7701-37 -­ If 'Yes,' complete Part IX 88a X

b At any time during the year. did the organization, directly or Indirectly. own a controlled entity Within the meaning of seclton 512(b){13)7 If 'Yes.' complete Part XI .. 88b X :39a 507 (c)(3) organizations Enter Amount of tax Imposed on the organization dUring the year under secl,on 4911 ~ .Q.:.. . section 4912 ~ ..9 -=- ,section 4955 ~ ..9-=­ b 501 (c)(3) and 50I (c)(4) organizatIons O,d the organization engage In any section 4958 excess benefit transaction during the year or did It become aware of an excess benefit transaclton from a pilar year7 If 'Yes.' attach a statement explaining each transaction 89b X

c Enter Amount of tax Imposed on the organlza\lon managers or disqualified persons durIng the year under sections 4912. 4955 and 4958 .. 0 . d Enter Amount of tax on line 89c, above, reimbursed by the organization .. O. e All organizatIOns At any time during the tax year, was the organization a party to a prohlb·ted tax shelter transaction? 8ge X f All organizations Old the organization acquire a direct or Indirect Interest ,n any applicable Insurance contract? 891 X

9 For supportmg organizatIOns and sponsonng organizations mamtammg donor adVised funds Old the supporting organlzalton. or a fund maintained by a sponsorrng organization, have excess bUSiness holdings at any time dUring the year? 89Q X 90a List the states With which a copy at thiS return IS filed ~ J19~E _

b Number of employees employed In the pay perrod that Includes March 12, 2006 (See Instructions) I 90bl a 91 a The books are In care of ~ _C!II~I..?_liEj

No b At any lime during the calendar year, did the organization have an Interest In or a signature or other authorrty over a Yes hnanClai account In a foreign country (such as a bank account. securrtles account. or other hnanClal account)? 91 b X If 'Yes,' enter the name of the torelgn country ..------See the instructions tor exceptions and filing requirements for Form TO F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and finanCial Accounts BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEA0107l 01118107 Form 990 (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Part VI Other Information (continued) c Al any time during the calendar year, did the organization maintain an office outside of the United Slates? X If 'Yes.' enter the name of the foreign country .. 92 SectIOn 4947(a)(7) nonexempt chantable trusts f,1,~g-F-;~-990~n-ll-;u-ofFo~m-10i1-=-Che~k-h;r; ------NI A- -'=-O and enter the amount of tax-exempt Interest received or accrued durrng the tax year ..192 I N/A I Part VII ,Analysis of Income-Producing Activities (See the instructIOns.) Unrelated bUSiness Income Excluded by seclron 512, 513, or 514 (E) Note: Enter gross amounts unless (A) (8) (C) (0) Related or exempt otherwise indicated Business code Amount Exclusion code Amount function Income 93 Program service revenue a b c d ~- e f MedlcarelMedlcald payments 9 Fees & contracts from guvernment agencies 94 Membership dues and assessments 95 Interest an savings & temporary cash Invmnts 667_ 96 D,v,dends & Interest from securities 175, 97 Net rental Income or (loss) from real estate a debt-financed property 531110 -89,292. b not debt-financed property - 98 Net rental Income or (loss) Irom pels prop , 99 Other Investment Income -- lOa Gain or (loss) from sales of assets other than Inventory 101 Net Income or (loss) from speCIal events 102 Gross protlt or (loss) from sales ot Inventory 103 Other revenue a ~------b c d e 104 Subtotal (add columns (B), (D), and (E» -89,292 . 842. 105 Total (add line 104, columns (B), (D), and (E» -88,450. Nole' Line 705 plus Ime 7e Part I should equal the amount on line 72 Part I ~VIII Relationship ot Activities to the Accomplishment of Exempt Purposes (See the trIstructlOns.) Line No. Explain how each activity for which Income IS reported In column (E) of Part VII contrrbuted Importantly to the accomplishment ... of the organization's exempt purposes (other than by providing funds for such purposes) N/A

I Part IX Information Regarding Taxable Subsidiaries and Disregarded Entities (See the instructions.) (A) (8) (C) (0) (E)

Name. address. and EIN of corporallon, Percentage of Nature of actiVities Total End-of-year partnership, or disregarded entity ownership Interest Income assets N/A % 0 -0 % % I Part X Information Reaardina Transfers Associated with Personal Benefit Contracts (See the instructIOns. a O,d the organizatIon, dunng the year, receive any funds, directly or indirectly. to pay premiums an a personal beneflt contracl1 No UYes b Old the organization, durrng the year, pay premiums, directly or Indirectly, on a personal benefll contract? Yes ~ No Hole: If 'Yes' to (bb file Form 8870 and Form 4720 (see InstructIOns) BAA TEEA010BL 04104107 Form 990 (2006) Form 990 (2006) ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 9 r Part XI r Information Regarding Transfers To and From Controlled Entities. Complete only If the organtzatlOn /s a controlling organIzatIOn as defined In sectIOn 572(b)(7 3) Yes No

106 O,d the reporting organization make any transfers to a controlled entity as defined In section 512(b)(13) of the Code) If 'Yes,' complete the schedule below for each controlled entity x (A) (B) (e) Name, address, of each Employer Identification Description of (D) controlled entity Number transfer Amount of transfer

r------~---­ a r------­

r------­ b r------­

r------­ c r------­

Totals

Yes No

107 O,d the reporting organization receive any transfers from a controlled entity as defined ,n section 512(b)(13) of the Code) If 'Yes,' complete the schedule below for each controlled entity X (A) (B) (C) Name, address, of each Employer Identification Descnption of (D) controlled entity Number transfer Amount of transfer

a

b

c

Totals

Yes No

108 Dlrl the QrgEln'22"C" h~':e 3 b:nd:"g ....,t:e" cunlf"Ll Ifl effect on August 1/, 2006, covering the Interest, rents, royaltres, and annUities described In question 107 above) X

nder e 1J!.lespequry. I degFJ':~~~Ihave exa .. ed ttllS return. Inclu~ccompanytng ~dules and statements. and to;jthe: best of my knowledge ana: belief. It '5 true. orre . a lompfele Dec (atl n f prepare cLtler than oHlcet) IS tfaseaon all InfOrmatIon of whICh preparer has any know edge ~ Please ~ A':' ­ I II ';;/07 Sign ~~a~,fOft~ L'\~ U I \ Date Here l.:.X'~ ,..=>tt> 1- \ t1.... el<~~'-'-('Y)---'-'-;.:.:::t:/l'----'--+-, -----")_u=---=U:=.:....o

lprelJarer'S SSN or PTIN (See Preparer's General Instruction W) Paid Signature Pre­ ~ rxlX P00366549 parer's Flrm"s name (or GARIBIAN & ASSOCIATES ACCOUNTANCY CORPORATION yours If self· Use employed), ~ 417 S 1ST AVE EIN 48-1266428 address, and Only ZIP + 4 ARCADIA, CA 91006-3830 Phone no ~ (626) 445-3665 BAA Form 990 (2006)

TEEAOllOL 01119/07 Organization Exempt Under OMB No 1545 0047 SCHEDULE A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) Section 501 (cX3) (Except Prillate Foundation) and Section 501(e), 501(1), 501(k), 501(n), or 4947(aX1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust 2006 Supplementary InformatIOn - (See separate instructions.) Oepartrflent of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service ~ MUST be completed by the abolle organizations and attached to their Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Name of the organization Employer Identlflcatron number ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 L:-.:~'-_-' Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Employees Other Than Officers, Directors, and Trustees (See instructions List each one If there are none, enter 'None ') -­ (a) Name and address of each (b) Title and allerage (c) Compensation (d) Contnbulions (e) Expense employee paid more hours per week to employee benefit account and other than $50,000 delloted to POSition plans and deferred allowances compensation -­ N9~~ ______

-----~------

------~-- ­

-~------

------~------

Total number of other employees paid oller $50,000 ~ 0 I Part II - A I Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for Professional Services (See instructions List each one (whether Individuals or firms) If there are none, enter 'None.')

(a) Name and address of each Independent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of serllice (c) Compensation

~ ~Q~~------

------

------

------

------

TOld: IFIU(nuer uf ulhel s receiving over : $50,000 for professional services ~I a IPart II - B I Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for Other Services (List each contractor who performed services other than professional services, whether Individuals or firms. If there are none, enter 'None.' See Instructions.) ~.,------

(a) Name and address of each rndependent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of serllice (c) Compensation ~Q~~------

Total number of other contractors recelllrng I oller $50,000 for other services ~I 0 BAA For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 and Form 990-EZ. Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006

TEEA0401L 01119/07 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 2

,I Part III I Statements About Activities (See InstructIOns) Yes No 1 DUring the year, has the organlza!lon attempted to Influence national, state, or local legislation, including any attempt to Influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum? If 'Yes,' enter the total expenses paid or Incurred In connechon with the lobbying achvlhes .. $ N/A (Must equal amounts on line 38, Part VI-A, or line i of Part VI-S) x Organizations that made an election under section 501 (h) by filing Form 5768 must complete Part VI-A Other organizations checking 'Yes' must complete Part VI-S AND attach a statement giving a detailed desCrIption of the lobbying activIties 2 DUring the year, has the organlzallon, either directly or Indirectly, engaged In any of the following acts with any substantial contributors, trustees, directors, officers, creators, key employees, or members of their families. or with any taxable organization With which any such person IS affiliated as an officer, director, trustee, majority owner, or principal beneficiary? (If the answer to any questIOn IS 'Yes,' attach a detatled statement explaining the transactIOns)

a Sale, exchange, or leaSing of property? 2a X

b Lending of money or other extension of credit? 2b X

c Furnishing of goods, serVices, or facJlllies? 2c X

d Payment of compensation (or payment or reimbursement of expenses 1\ more than $l,OOO)? 2d X

e Transfer of any part of ,ts Income or assets? 2e X 3a O,d the organization make grants for scholarships, fellowships, student loans, etc? (if 'Yes,' attach an explanation of how the organization determines that reCipients qualify to receive paymenls ) 3a X

b O,d the organization have a section 403(b) annuity plan for ItS employees? 3b X

c Did the organization receive or hold an easement for conservation purposes, Including easements to preserve open space, the enVironment, hlstonc land areas or historiC structures? If 'Yes,' attach a detailed statement 3c X

d O,d the organizatIOn proVide credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiatIOn services? 3d X 4a Did the organization maintain any donor adVised funds? If 'Yes,' complete Imes 4b through 4g If 'No,' complete lines 4f and 4g 4a X

b Did the organization make any taxable dlSllibutlons under section 4966? 4b N A c Did the organization make a distribution to a donor, donor adVISor, or related person? 4c N A

N!A

e Em2r the aggregate value of assets held In all donor adVised funds owned at the end of the tax yea~ .. N/A

Enter the total number of separate funds or accounts owned at the end of the tax year (excluding donor adVised funds Included on line 4d) where donors have the right to prOVide adVice on the dlstnbutlon or Investment of amounts In such funds or accounts 0

9 Enter the aggregate value of assels held m alJ funds or accounts Included on line 4f at the end of the tax year O.

BAA TEEA0402L 04104107 Schedule A (Form 990 or Form 990-EZ) 2006 S~hedule 'A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Page 3 [Part IV I Reason for Non-Private Foundation Status (See Instruclions.)

I certify that the organlzalion 's not a private foundation because It IS (Please check only ONE applicable box)

5 D A church, convention of churches, or aSSociation of churches Section 170(b)(1)(A)(I)

6 D A school Section 170(b)(1 l(A)(II) (Also complete Part V )

7 D A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization Secllon 170(b)(1)(A)(III)

8 D A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit Secllon 170(b)(1)(A)(v)

9 D A medical research organization operated ,n conjunction with a hospital Section 170(b)(1 )(A)(III) Enter the hospital's name, City, and state .. J _

10 D An organlzalion operated for the benefIt of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unIt SectIOn 1; J(b)(l )(A)(lv) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A)

11 a D An organization that normally receIves a substantial part of ItS support from a governmental unit or from the general pubhc Section 170(b)(1)(A)(vl) (Also complete the Support Schedule ,n Part IV-A )

11 b D A community trust Section 170(b)(1)(A)(vl) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A)

12 [R] An organization that nornlally receives (1) more than 33-1/3% of ItS support from contrrbutlons, membership fees, and g,oss receipts from act,vltles related to ItS charitable, etc, functions - subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 33-1/3% of ItS support from gross Investment Income and unrelated bUSiness taxable ,ncome (less seclion 511 tax) from bUSinesses acqUired by the organization after June 30 1975 See section 509(a)(2) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV -A) 13 D An organrzatlon that IS not controlled by any disqualified persons (other than foundation managers) and otherwise meets t~:~ reqUirements of section 509(a)(3) Check the box that describes the type of supportlflg organization .. oType I o Type II DType III-Functionally Integrated f]Type III-Other Provide the following information about the supported organizations, (See Instructions) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Name(s) of supported Employer identification Type of Is the supported Ar.,ount of organization(s) number (EIN) organization (described organization listed in support in lines 5 through 12 the supporting above or IRe section) organization's governing documents? Yes No I I ~

Total ~ O.

14 DAn organlzat,on organized and operated to test for publiC safety Sect'on 509(a)(4) (See Instructions) BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006

TEEAD407L 01122107 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36- 419002 6 Page 4

o e: ou may use e worksheel m I e mslrucllOns or conyer mg rom e accrua ole cas me 0 0 accoun mg Calendar year (or liscal year (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) beginning in) ~ 2005 2004 2003 2002 Total 15 GiftS, grants, and contributions received (Do not Include . unusual grants See line 28 ) 858. 25,839. 664,275. 388,390. , 154 95,188. 16 Membership fees received O. 17 Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise said or services periormed, or furnishing of facilities In any activity that IS related to the organization's chantable, etc, purpose O. 18 Gross Income from Interest. dividends, amounts received from payments on secuntles loans (section 512(a)(5)), renls, royallies, and unrelated business taxable Income (less sectIOn 511 taxes) tram bUSinesses aCQUired by the organ· Izaflon afler June 30, 1975 L 982. 611. 547. 641. 3,781.

19 Net Income from unrelated bUSiness activities not Included In line 18 O. 20 Tax revenues leVied for the organization's benefit and either paid to It or expended on ItS behalf O. 21 The value of services or facilities furnished to the organization by a governmental Unit Without charge Do not Include the value of services or facilities generally furnished to the publiC Without charqe O. 22 Other Income Attach a schedule Do not Include gain or (loss) from sale of caPital assets O. 23 Total of lines 15 through 22 390,372. 155,469. 95,735. 26,480. 668,056. 24 Line 23 minus line 17 390,372. 155,469. 95,735. 26,480. 668,056. 25 Enter 1% of line 23 3,904. 1,555. 957. 265. 26 Organizations described on lines 10 or 11: a EntF; 2% of amount In column (e), line 24 N/A ~ 26a b Prepare a list for your records to show the name of and amount contnbuted by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) whose total gifts for 2002 through 2005 exceedeo the amount shown In line 26a Do not hie thiS list With your return Enter the total of all these excess amounts ~ 26b c Total support for section 509(a)(1) test Enter I,ne 24, column (e) ~ 26c d Add Amounts from column (e) for lines 18 19 22 26b 26d r, Public. 5UWOri (ilne 26c minus line 26d total) ~~------1 Public support percentage (line 26e (numerator) dividec by line 26c (denominator» ~~ % 27 Organizations described on line 12: a For amounts Included ,n lines 15, 16, and 17 that were received from a 'dlsqualtfled person,' prepare a hst for your records to show the name of, and total amounts received In each year from, each 'disqualified person' Do not file this list WIth your return. Enter the sum of such amounts for each year (2005) ~ ,Q.:... (2004) Q. =- (2003) Q=- (2002) Q.._ b For any amount Included In line 17 that was received from each person (other than 'disqualified persons'), prepare a list for your records to show the name of. and amount receIved for each year, that was more than the larger of (1) the amount on line 25 for the year or (2) $5,000 (Include In the list organlzaltons descnbed In lInes 5 through 11b, as well as Individuals) Do not file this list with your return, After computing the dlHerence between the amount received and the larger amount descflbed In (1) or (2), enter the sum of these dlHerences (the excess amounts) for each year (2005) .Q.:... (2004) Q__ (2003) Q=- (2002) Q.._ c Add Amounts from column (e) for lines 15 664,275. 16 17 20 21 27c 664 275. d Add Line 27a tolal O. and line 27b total O. 27d O. e PubliC support (line 27c total minus line 27d total) ~ 27e 664 275. 1 Total support for section 509(a)(2) test Enter amount from line 23, column (e) ~I 2711 668,056. g Public support percentage (line 27e (numerator) divided by line 271 (denominator» ~ 27Q 99.43 % h Investment income percentage (line 18, column (e) (numerator) divided by line 271 (denominator» ~ 27h 0.57 % 28 Unusual Grants: For an organizatIOn descnbed In line 10, 11, or 12 that received any unusual granls dUfing 2002 through 2005, prepare a list for your records to show, for each year, the name of the contflbutor, the date and amount of the grant, and a bflef deScflptlon of the nature of the grant Do notlile this list with your return. Do not Include these grants In line 15 BAA TEEA04QJL 01119107 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2006 Schedule 'A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36 -419002 6 Page 5 IPart V IPrivate School Questionnaire (See Inslrucllons_) (To be completed ONLY by schools that checked the box on line 6 in Part IV) NI A Yes No

29 Does the organization have a racially nondiscriminatory policy toward students by statement In ItS charter. bylaws, other governing Instrument. or In a resolution of ItS governing body? f---=2-c-9-+_---1__

30 Does the organization ,nclude a statement of ItS racially nondiscriminatory policy toward students In all lis brochures, catalogues, and other written communications with the public dealing with student admissions, programs, and scholarships? 1---3_°-+_---1__

31 Has the organization publicized ItS racially nondiscriminatory policy through newspaper or broadcast media during the period of soltcltalion for students, or during the reglstralion period If It has no Solicitation program, In a way that makes the policy known to all parts of the general community It serves? 1-=-31'---+__1- _ If 'Yes,' please descnbe, If 'No,' please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement)

32 Does the organization maintain the following a Records Indlcatmg the racial composition of the student body, faculty, and administrative staff? 32a

b Records documenting that scholarships and other finanCial assistance are awarded on a racially nondiscriminatory basIs? 32b

c Copies of all catalogues. brochures, announcements, and other written communications to the publiC dealing With student admiSSions. programs, and scholarships? 32c d Copies of all material used by the organization or on ItS behalf to solicit contributions? 32d

If you answered 'No' to any of the above, please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement)

33 Does the organization diSCriminate by race In any way With respect to

a Students' rights or privileges? 33a

b AdmiSSions policies? 33b

c Employment of faculty or administrative staff? 33c

d Scholarships or other financial assistance? 33d

e Educational poliCies? 33e

1 Use of facilities? 331

9 AthletiC programs' 33(1

h Other extracurncular act,v,lies' 33h

If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above, please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement)

34a Does the organization receive any financial aid or assistance from a governmental agency' 34a

b Has the organlzalion's right to such aid ever been revoked or suspended? 34b If you answered 'Yes' to either 3421 or b, please explain uSing an attached statement

35 Does the organization certify that It has complied With the applicable requirements of sections 4 01 through 405 of Rev Proc 75-50, 1975-2 C B 587, covering racial nondlscnmlnalion? If 'No,' attach an explanatlon_ 35 BAA TEEA0404l 01119/07 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Pa e 6 c:....=:.:....:...-=--=--,---,----, Lobbying Expenditures by Electing Public Charities (See instructIOns) (To be completed ONLY by an eligible organIzation that filed Form 5768) N/A Check .- a I I,f the organization belonas to an aff/hated aroup Check .- b I I,f YOU checked 'a' and 'limited control' provIsions apply (a) (b) Limits on Lobbying Expenditures Affiliated group To be completed totals for all elecling (The term 'expenditures' means amounts paid or Incurred) organlzalions 36 Total 10bbYlnq expendllures to Influence public opinion (grassroots lobbYing) 36 37 Total lobbying expenditures to Influence a legislative body (dlfect lobbYing) 37 38 Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 36 and 37) 38 39 Other exempt purpose expenditures 39 40 Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 38 and 39) 40 41 Lobbying nontaxable amount Enter the amount from the following table ­ II the amount on line 40 is - The lobbying nontaxable amount is ­

Not over $500,000 20% 0' 'he ,moool 00 I,oe 40 ~ Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000 $100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000 Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000 $175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000 41 Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000 $225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000 Over $17,000,000 $1,000,000 42 Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of hne 41) 42 43 Subtract line 42 from line 36 Enter -0- If line 42 IS more than line 36 43 44 Subtract line 41 from line 38 Enter -0- If line 41 IS more than line 38 44 Caution: If there IS an amount on eilher Ime 43 or Ime 44, you must file Form 4720 4 ·Year Averaging Period Under Section SOl (h) (Some organizations that made a sectIOn 501 (h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below See the Instructions for lines 45 through 50 )

Lobbying Expenditures During 4 ·Year Averaging Period

Calendar year (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (or fiscal year 2006 2005 2004 2003 Total beginning in) .­

45 LobbYing nontaxable amount

46 Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 45(e))

47 Total lobbying expenditures

48 Grassroots non­ taxable amount - 49 Grassroots eeilino amount (150% of hne.48(e»

50 Grassroots lobbYing expenditures IPart VI-B ILobbying Activity by Nonelectin Public Charities (For reporting only by organizations that ~'d not complete Part VI-A) (See instructions) DUring the year, did the organization attempt to Influence national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to ,nfluence publiC opinIOn on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of Yes No Amount

a Volunteers X b Paid staff or management (Include compensation In expenses reported on lines c through h.) X c Media advertisements X d Mailings to members, legislators, or the pubhc X e Pubhcalions, or published or broadcast statements X f Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes X 9 Dlfect contact WIth legislators, their staffs, government offiCials, or a legislative body X h Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any other means X i Total lobbyIng expenditures (add hnes c through h_) o. If 'Yes' to any of the above. also attach a statement giving a detailed desCliptlon of the lobbylllg aclivltles BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006

TEEA0405L 01/19/07 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006 ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 Pa e 7 e..-..=c:....:.-.::....:..:...-, Information Regarding Transfers To and Transactions and Relationships With Noncharitable Exempt Organizations (See Instructions)

51 O,d the reporlJng organization directly or Indirectly engage In any of the following with any other organization descnbed III section 501 (c) of the Code (other than seclion 501 (c)(3) organizations) or In section 527, relatlllg to political organizations? a Transfers from the reportlflg organization to a noncharltable exempt organization of Yes No (i)Cash 51 a (j) X (ii)Other assets a (ii) X b Other transactions (i)Sales or exchanges of assets with a noncharltable exempt organization b (i) X (ii)purchases of assets from a nonchantable exempt organization b (ii) X (iii)Rental of facilities, equipment, or other assets b (iii' )<. (iv)Relmbursement arrangements b (iv _.­X (v)Loans or loan guarantees b (v) X (vi)Performance of services or membership or fundralslng solicitations b (vi X e Sharrng of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, other assets, or paid employees e --L d If the answer to any of the above IS 'Yes,' complete the followlflg schedule Column (b) should always show the fall market value O' the ~OOdS, other assets, or services given by the rep,ortln~ orfhanlzatlon If the organization received less than fair market value in any ransaclJon or shanng arrangement, show In co umn e value of the gooos. other assets. or services received dJ -- (a) (b) (e) (d) Line no Amount IfIvolved Name of nonchantable exempt organization Descrrplion of transfers, transactions, and sharing arrangements N/A

------

--.

---

---

52a Is the organization directly or IfIdlrectly affiliated with, or related to, one or more tax-exempt organizations descnbed In section 501 (c) of the Code (other than section 501 (c)(3)) or In sectron 527? ~ DYes 0 No b If 'Yes' complete the following schedule (a) (b) (e) Name of organization Type of organization Descrrpt,on of relalionshlp -­ N/A

BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2006

TEEA040Gl 01119107 2006 FEDERAL STATEMENTS PAGE 1

ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026

STATEMENT 1 FORM 990, PART I, LINE 20 OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES

UNREALIZED GAIN $ 8,118. TOTAL ~$===8"="c":1:,,::1,,,,8,,:,,'

STATEMENT 2 FORM 990, PART II, LINE 22B OTHER GRANTS AND ALLOCATIONS CASH GRANTS AND ALLOCATIONS CLASS OF ACTIVITY: GRANT BEQUEST DONEE'S NAME: ARMENIAN NAT. COM. AMERICA DONEE'S ADDRESS: 1711 N. STREET NW WASHINGTON, DC 20036 AMOUNT GIVEN: $ 200,000. CLASS OF ACTIVITY: GRANT BEQUEST DONEE'S NAME: ARMENIAN CULTURAL FOUNDATION DONEE'S ADDRESS: 104 N. BELMONT SUITE 300 GLENDALE, CA 91206 AMOUNT GIVEN: 50,000. CLASS OF ACTIVITY: GRANT BEQUEST DONEE'S NAME: ARMENIAM CULTURAL ASS. OF AMER DONEE'S ADDRESS: 80 BIGELOW AVENUE WATERTOWN, ~ 02472 AMOUNT GIVEN: 50,000.

TOTAL GRANTS AND ALLOCATIONS ~$=~3~0~0~,==0=00==.•

STATEMENT 3 FORM 990 , PART III ORGANIZATION'S PRIMARY EXEMPT PURPOSE ANCA'S PRIMARY EXEMPT PURPOSE IS PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES TO YOUNG ADULTS WISHING TO BECOME INVOLVED IN US GOVERNMENT AND NOT FOR PROFIT ACTIVITIES THROUGH INTERNSHIPS AND TO PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS CONCERNING ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE TO THE AMERICAN-ARMENIAN COMMUNITY AND TO OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES. 2006 FEDERAL STATEMENTS PAGE 2

ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026

STATEMENT 4 FORM 990, PART III, LINE A STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS PROGRAM GRANTS AND SERVICE ______--"'D'-'=E""'S~C~R.IPTION ALLOCATIONS EXPENSES CAPITOL GATEWAY PROGRAM/SUMMER INTERNSHIPS PROVIDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUNG ADULTS TO INTERN WITH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND VARIOUS NOT FOR PROFIT AGENCIES LOCATED IN WASHINGTON, D.C. 60,000. INCLUDES FOREIGN GRANTS: NO COMMUNITY OUTREACH/EDUCATION PROJECT ALLOWED THE ANCA TO PROMOTE AND SUSTAIN ARMENIAN CULTURE; EDUCATE ARMENIAN AMERICAN YOUTH REGARDING THE VALUE OF COMMUNITY ACTIVISM; PROVIDE MATERIALS AND STAFF SUPPORT FOR ARMENIAN AMERICAN YOUTH CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES, ETC. 140,000. INCLUDES FOREIGN GRANTS: NO UNSOLICITED GRANTS EDUCATE THE ARMENIAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY ON A BROAD RANGE OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL ISSUES. 100,000. INCLUDES FOREIGN GRANTS: NO

------__=_ -,,------=.,.--,.-----=-oc=-­ ==$=====0=,=. $ 300,000.

STATEMENT 5 FORM 990, PART IV, LINE 57 LAND, BUILDINGS, AND EQUIPMENT . ACCUM. BOOK CATEGORY BASIS DEPREC. VALUE BUILDINGS $ 2,034,047. $ 46,600. $ 1,987,447. LAND 638,500. 638,500. TOTAL $ 2,672,547. S 46,600. S 2,625,'147.

~~ ------~------_f

STATEMENT 6 FORM 990, PART IV, LINE 65 OTHER LIABILITIES

RENTAL DEPOSITS $ 5,000. SHORT TERM LOAN FROM ARM CULTURAL FOUND 54,600. TOTAL ======$ 59,600.

STATEMENT 7 FORM 990, PART IV-A, LINE B(4) OTHER AMOUNTS

ALLOWANCE FOR UNCOLLECTIBLES $ -60,930. PLEDGE RECEIVABLES 930,033. TOTAL =$===:8~6 9~,=1=0=3=. · ",

2006 FEDERAL STATEMENTS PAGE 3

ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026

STATEMENT 8 FORM 990, PART IV·B, LINE B(4) OTHER AMOUNTS

ACCRUED EXPENSES $ IS,OCO. ACCRUED INTEREST EXPENSE -.:--_------,;:-8~_ ~ TOTAL $ ?3,907. 2006 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION PAGEl

CLIENT ANCA ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND 36-4190026 11113/07 06 11 PM SHORT TERM LOAN FROM THE ARMENIAN CULTURAL FOUNDATION DURING THE YEAR OF 2006, THE ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND BORROWED A SHORT TERM LOAN FROM ANOTHER 501C3 ORGANIZATION, WHICH IS NOT A RELATED ENTITY. THIS WAS TO FACILITATE THE TELETHON HELD IN THE YEAR AND WAS PAID BACK IN FULL BY JANUARY 2007, WITH INTEREST.

TELETHON EVENT DURING THIS YEAR, ON MAY 21,2006, THE ANCA ENDOWMENT FUND HELD A TELETHON WHEREBY THEY RAISED $1,948,819 TO HELP THE ORGANIZATION ACQUIRE A PERMANENT LOCATION IN WASHINGTON DC OUT OF WHICH IT CAN PERFORM ALL OF ITS FUNCTIONS AS A NONPROFIT. THE COSTS THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS TELETHON TOTALED $480,496. AS A RESULT THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IS UNUSUAL FOR THIS ENTITY WHEN COMPARED TO FORMER YEARS. Application for Extension of Time To File an Form 8868 iRe\! Decem~er 20(6) Exempt Organization Return OM8NO i5.:5-";-Q9 Depanmenl 0: lhe T'e:2sJ"'y ~ Inlemal Revenue Service File 2 sejJarE.:e 2Dplrc..at1on lor each re!.;rn

• If you are filing for an Automatic 3- Month Ex1ension, complete only Part I 2nd clleck this box ~ r; • If you are filing for an Additional (not automatic) 3-Month Extension, complete only Part II (on page 2 of this form) Do not complete Part /I unless VOL: rave a:readv been qrar.lec an 2~lomallc 3-mor,th extension on a prevlouslv filed Form 8835 lilIilJ Automatic 3-Month Extension of Time. Only submit anginal (no copies needed)

Section 501(c)(3) corporations reqt:ired to file Form 990-T a~d reql'eS:lng an aL:lomatlc 6-monlh extenSion-check th:s tox and complete Part I only ~ 0

All other CCr;JOr2110nS (including J 120-C fiie rs), partnersh!ps, hEM/Cs. 2nd trus~s must use Form 7004 to request an exte"':sJon of time to fife Income rex re~urns ElectroniC FIling (e-fJle)_ General',·. you can e1ectronlc211y ~de Form 8868 ,f yo" want a 3-month automa!IC extension of tine 10 file one of the returr,S noted below (6 f7l0r,;hs for section 501 (::),3) corporations re::;:"J1red to file Form 990-T) However. you C2'''0; fde Form 8868 eiectronlcally If (1) you ".2"; :he addltlor,a: (n::Jl aL.:::Jr.",3:IC) 3-mon:h ex:enslon or (2) you file ='orms 990-BL, 6069, 0' 68iO, group returns, or a composite or co:-.solicated Form 990-T. Inst,· 3d. you must su~mll the fully completed and Signed page 2 (i'a'"! II) of Form 8868 For more details on :he electronic filing of thiS form, V:SI! www Irs govleflle and click on e-file for Chanties & Non;Jrcfl:s

Ty::>e or ".Ia:Tle of Exempt Org2m::a!IOn Employer IdentIfication number print ANCA Endowmenl Fu,d I 36' 4190026 File by the Number, street, and roo:n or SUite no If a PObox. see ',",Slructlons due COlle lor fIling your 1711 N Street N W return See Ir.struC1lQns C,ly. town or post office, s;z:e, and ZIP code For a fore,gn address, see Instructrons Washlnoton, DC 20036 Check type of return to be filed (file a separate applicalfo:1 for each return)' GZJ Form 990 LJ Form 990-T (c:orporaliOn) o Form 4720 o Form 990-BL 0 Form 990·T (sec 401 (a) or 408(a) t",st) o Form 5227 o Form 990·EZ 0 Form 990-T (trL:st other than above) o Form 6069 o Form 990-?F 0 Form 1041-A o Form 8870

• The ~ooks are In the care of ~ _~!'J~_~_Ef1d_q':':cne~_t_~!-'.f1d.. .. . __ ._. . . . ._ .. ._ ..

Telephone No_ ~ L ~~?_.L. __ .... _.??~~Q~?~ ._. FAX No_ ~ L L. ._ .. ._ .... _.. __ ._. • If the organlZ2lton does not have an office or place of b~slness In the United States. check thiS box ~ 0 • If thiS IS for a Group Return. enter the organization's four digit Group Exemption Number (GEN)______If thiS IS for the whole group, check thiS box . ~ 0 If It 15 for part of the group, check thiS box ~ 0 and attach a list With the names and EINs of all members the extensIon Will cover I request an automatic 3-month (6 months for a section 501 (c)(3) corporation reqUired to file Form 990·T) extenslor. of tlrole until _. __ !'!'?:'_~rn.~~.r_!? .20_°.7. to file tile exempt organlzallon return for the organization r.af7led above The extenSIOr. IS for the organization's return for ~ 0 calendar year 20 __ 06 or ~ 0 tax year beginning ...... _. ,20 , and endmg __ . . ._. . .. _ ,20. _

2 II thiS tax year 'S for less than 12 months, check reason 0 Initial return 0 Fmal return 0 Change In accountrrlg penoa

3a If thiS application IS for Form 990-BL, 990-PF, 990-T, 4720, or 6069, enter the tentative tax, less anv nonretundable credits See Instructions. 3a S b If thiS application IS for Form 990-PF or 990·T. enter any refundable creeJits and estimated tax I oavments made Include anv ::l"or vear overpayment allowed as 2 credit I 3b S 1--.- " c Balance Due. Subtract line 3::l from line 3" Include yo_u: ;;ayn;ent With thiS form, or. If reqUired, I:: ;_­ depOSit With FTD coupon 0' If reqUired. ~y uSing c- IPS ,:Iectronlc Federal Tax Payment ~ Syslem) See Instructions i 3c S -CJ- Cautlon_ 11 you are gOing to make 2n electroniC fund w;;hor"w21 WI,h :h,s Form 8868, see Form 8453-EO and Form 8879-;:0 tor pay'Tlent Instruc:,ons

For Prrvacy Act and Paperwork ReductIon Act Notice, see Instructions Cal No 27916D Fo,m 8868 (Rev -2-2226) • II you are 1IIIng lor an Addilional (not automatiC) 3-Month Extension. complete only Part II and check this box ~ 0 Note. Only complete Part II ,f you have a:rea::l\' Deen gra'1:ec an al:tomatlc 3-montr, eAlenSlon on a prevlous!y Iiled Form 8868. • II you are liling lor an Automatic 3-Month Extension, complete only Part I (:In page 1} .~al' Additional (not automatic) 3-Month Extension of Time. You must hie onglnal 2nd one copy, Type or Name 01 Exempt Org2nl:,,:lon ... ''''-;' Employer ,dent.lrcat,on number print

F.le by Ihe Number, street. and roor- 0' su.:e no If a F 0 :>~>, ~ee I<1StrcCI,O'lS : .'\ :;~ ~~; Fm IRS use only e.ll.lencrc~ J' :: ,.~' -,_ • oue date for ~ ~ ~ . ';" , riling Ihe -'""'"- -' - - ~ return See .\ .•~ t-... t"'Sln,Jcllons Check type 01 return to be filed (FI:e c se;Jara:e appli::2.IIC-; l:Jr each return) :J Form 990 0 Form 99\)-?F == Form 1041-A C Form 6069 o Form 990-SL 0 For..- 990-, (sec 401(a) Or ~:o;a) trust) l-' Form 4720 [J Form 8870 ~ Form 990-::Z 0 For:r. ??Cl-T (trust othe- :he-' 2t>ove) , , rorm 5227 STOP! Do not complete Part II II you were not already granted an automatic 3-month extension on a previously Illed Form 8868,

.The books are In the care 01 ~ .. __ _ .. Telepnone No ~ C _L.. ::::::::.::::::::::::: .. · ;:~X No ~ L J _ _.. • II the organization does nOl have an oHlce or place cf bus,~ess In the Untlej States. check this box ~ [J • II this IS for a Group Return, er.ler lhe organlzallon's four d'9'~ Group Exemp:,on Number (GEN) II this IS lor the whole group, check this box. , . .. ~ 0 . II It IS lOr part 01 the group, check this box ~ 0 and atiach a I,sl With lhe names and EINs 01 all members the extension IS for 4 I request an addilional 3-month extenSion 01 time until ,20 .. 5 For calendar year . .. ,or other tax year beglnnl:19 _. ,2Cl , and endlng _ __ . ,20 . 6 II this tax year IS lor less than 12 months, check reasor. 0 Initial retum [J Final return 0 Change In accounting period 7 Stale In derail why you need the extenSion . __ .

8a II this application IS lor Form 990-BL, 990-PF, 990-T. <:720, or 6069, enter the tentative lax, less any nonrelundable credits See Instruclions 5 b II this application IS lor Form 990-PF, 990-T, 4720, or 5069, enter any reluncable credits and estimated tax payments made. Include any p"or year overpayment allowed as a credit and any amount paid previously With Form 8368. s c Balance Due. Subtract line Bb Irom line Sa Include your pc.Y::1enl With thiS lorm. or, II reqUlfed, depOSit With FlO coupon or, If regUlfed, bv l:SIn(J ErTPS (=Iectro"c FeDeral Tex Pavment S,'sle..-''l) See Instructions 8c s Signature and VerificatIOn I ;>erJury 1 declare lhal I ,,",ave examIned ttll:50 form lnclucln£ accomoanYlng Scf'leol.les 3:"lC slatemer.ls, anC: 10 'he ~esr of my knowledge anI:: belief c1 complete 2:nc lh I am ZJthor,zed 10 ::nepare th's lo'TT': , . .J L /J t]A./~ Signature ~ Trlle .... / \ Notice to Applicant. (To Be Compl~ted by the IRS) CJ We have appro~ed thIS 2~pllcatlon Ple2.se en2ch thiS kWTl !C the organllatlon's 'elurn o roved thIS appIICc.:1on Yowever, we nz·,e 9:-a'-':I2': 2. 1CLo:Z~' g:"2.t:e :JerlJd from the la:er of tne cate shown below or the due date f the or nlzatlon's return (lnsludlns any prior ex~eiSIOrS) r."s grace ;:JeriOC IS consloered la be a valle exterSI(:;n of time for elections othe. _ U1red to be made on c :lmely relu~n Ple2se ar:c.c~ thiS fo.""m to ~he O#£"amZ2HOn's return We have not approved Ih,s app"ca~on Aller conSloenng Ihe -eas::>ns slaled In "e'" 7. we cannot grant your 'eques! ler an extension of llr-1e to file We are not 9ranll<19 a 'lO-day 9,ace penoe!

We cannot conSider thiS appllC2~JC:1 te-:ause It was fj:e:c 2t:e'" onE exlencec due ':'2:e of :he return for w~lch an extension was requesled Other

AlternateMalllngAddress~n~e.theadaressllyouv.an: ;-e copy ottnlS ap;JlJca~lon for an addlt'0:121 3-month extenSion returned to an address dlHerent than the one entered 2~0\'e Name

Type or Number and street (Include sUlle, room, or apt. no I or a PObox number print City or town, province or state, and country (mct"dlng poslal Or ZIP code)

~o,m 8868 (n,,' 12-20Q6) EXHIBIT 5 OMS No 1545·0047 Fo'rm 990.. Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947(aX1) of the Internal Revenue Code 2005 (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) Oepa,-tmenl of !.he Treasury Open to Public Internal Revenue Serv,ce ~ The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements Inspection A r or the 2005 ca en dar year, or tax year beCllnmnQ , 2005, and endinQ

8 ~eck Ir applicable 0 Employer Identification Number Please use Address change IRS l.bel ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 f- or~nt Name change or pe. 191 E. Deerpath #202 E Telephone number f- See Lake Forest, 11 60045 In'lIal return specific 847-295-4100 f- Instruc­ ~ Final return tlons. r nOd:Accounting Ca5h DAccrual f- Amended return Other (spec'ly) ~ f­ '- ApP!ication pending • Section 501 (cX3) organizations and 4947aa~1~ nonexempt H and I are nor applicable to secbon 527 ofgamzabons charitable trusts must attach a complete c edule A H (a) Is thiS a group return for .:lHlhates? No (Form 990 or 990·EZ). DYes [R) H (b) II 'Yes: enler numbe. 01 aH,IIales ~ G Web site: ~ N/A H (c) Are all aH",a,es 'neluded' DYes DNa J Organization ty)e (If 'No: at1ach a list See instructIons) (check only one ~ IXl 501(e) (,nsert no) n 4947(a)(1) or n 527 3 • H (d) Is thiS a separate return hied by an K Check here ~ [R] II the organization's gross receipts are normally nol more than organizatIon covered by a group ruling' Yes [Xl No $25,000. The organization need not Ille a return with the IRS, but II the organization n chooses to file a return. be sure to Iile a complete return Some states require a I GrouD Exemotron Number ~ complete return. M Check ~ U If the organization IS not requited L Gross receipts Add lines 6b, 8b, 9b, and lOb 10 line 12 ~ 390,372. to attach Schedule B (Form 990, 990·EZ, or 990·PF) IPart I IRevenue Expenses and Chanaes in Net Assets or Fund Balances (See Instructions) 1 Contllbutlons, giftS, grants, and similar amounts received. a Dltect public support 1a 388,390. b Indirect public support 1b c Government contllbutlons (grants) 1c

d T~tu~rb~~~ 11~)~cash $ 388,390. noncash $ ) I 1d 388,390. 2 Program service revenue mcludlng government lees and contracts (Irom Part VII, Ime 93) 2 3 Membership dues and assessments 3 4 Interest on savings and temporary cash I~~~VED 4 5 DIVidends and rnterest Irom secull es 0en 5 6a Gross rent::. 0 , I 6al bLess rental expenses G; o 5 2006 6b 0 SEP en c Net rental Income or (loss) (subtra t IirIe 6b Iro~ I,no c. ~ 6c R 7 Other Investment Income (descllbe O"G8~~~, ~T See Statement 1 ) 7 1,982. E es (8) Other v 8a Gross amount Irom sales 01 assets E """ N than Inventory 8a u E b Less cost or other baSIS and sales expenses 8b C Gain or (loss) (attach schedule) 8c

J,,'_' __ ~ n __ ~,~~ ___ \. __ • __ n_ ~_I_~ __ II\' __ J~n" 0-' U PIt:" yOll1 VI \.IU~~} \.LUIIIUIlIt" III It:' OL, LUIUIII! I~ \.M} OIIU \.0)) DU @ 9 SpeCial events and achvltles (attach schedule) II any amount IS Irom gaming, check here ~D =(i;::> a Gross revenue (not including ~ $ 01 contributions I ll..r.l reported on line 1a) 9al 9b N bLess. dllecl expenses other than fundralsrng expenses -' c Net rncome or (loss) from speCial events (subtract line 9b from line 9a) 9c frl lOa Gross sales rnventory, less returns and allowances 10al !YJ 01 I b Less' cost 01 goods sold lOb - 0 c Gross profit or (loss) Irom sales 01 rnventory (attach schedule) (subtract line lOb Irom line lOa) 10c ILU Other revenue (Irom Part VII, line 103) 11 ~ 12" Total revenue (add lines I d, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6c, 7, 8d, 9c, lOc, and 11) 12 390,372. c5 13 Program services (from line 44, column (8» 13 266,000. ((f) 14 Management and general (Irom line 44, column (C» 14 23 859. ~ 15 Fundralsrng (from line 44, column (D» 15 N S 16 Payments to affiliates (attach schedule) 16 E s 17 Total expenses (add lines 16 and 44, column (A» 17 289,859. 18 A 18 Excess or (defiCIt) for the year (subtract line 17 from line 12) 100,513. N S 19 Net assets or fund balances at begrnnlng of year (from line 73. column (A» 19 147,306. E S T E Other changes rn net assets or fund balances (attach explanation) 20 T 20 S 21 Net assets or fund balances at end of year (combine lines 18, 19, and 20) 21 247,819. BAA For Pnvacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions. TEEAO I 09L 02103/06 Form 990 (?jJfj5) v7 2005 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Pa e2 Statement of Functional Expenses All organizations must complete column (A) Columns (B), (C), and (0) are '---'-'---'--'-'--,,- required for secllon 501 (c)(3) and (4) organlzalions and section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts bul optional lor others

Do not mclude amounts reported on Ime (B) Program (C) Management 6b, Bb, 9b, lOb, or 16 of Part I (A) Total services and general (0) Fundralslng 22 Grants and allocatIOns (att sch) See Stm 2 I (cash $ 266,000. I non-cash $ ) I If thiS amount Includes ~D foreign grants, check here 22 266,000. 266,000. I 23 SpecIfic aSSIStance to individuals (att sch) 23 I I 24 Benefits paid to or lor members (att sch) 24 25 CompensatIOn of officers, directors, etc 25 O. O. O. O. 26 Other salaries and wages 26 27 Pension plan contflbullons 27 28 Other employee benefits 28 29 Payroll taxes 29 30 Professional fundra.smg fees 30 31 Accounting fees 31 32 Legal fees 32 33 Supplies 33 34 Telephone 34 35 Postage and shipping 35 36 Occupancy 36 37 EqUipment rental and maintenance 37 38 Printing and publications 38 39 Travel 39 40 Conferences, conventions, and meelings 40 41 Interest 41 42 DepreCiation, depletion, etc (attach schedule) 42 43 Other expenses not covered above (Itemize), a_A~i_ni~tI~~i2!! _E~Qe!1~~s__ 43a 23 728. 23 728. b~~!!~f~aIg~~______43b 56. 56. c~~g01~~!~~[~~______43c 75. 75. d------43d e ------43e f ------431 43g 44 g------Tolal funcllonal expenses, Add hnes 22 lhrou~h 43 (OrganizatIOns completing columns (B) - (D , carry these totals to lines 13 - 15) 44 289 859. 266 000. 23 859. O. Joint Costs. Check ~U If you are follOWing SOP 9B-2 Are any JOint costs from a combined educational campaign and lundralslng sollcltallon reported In (B) Program services? ~D Yes ~ No If 'Yes,' enter (i) the aggregate amount of these JOint costs S . (ii) the aiTlvunt al10cated tc Prcgr3m services $ , (iii) the amount allocated to Management and general $ ; and (iv) the amount allocated to Fundralslng $ BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEAO 102L 11/01/05 Form 990 (2005) ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 3 IPart III iStatement of Program SelVice Accomplishments Forn'! 990 IS available for public Inspection and. for some people. serves as the primary or sole source of Informalion about a parlicular organization How the public perceives an organlzalion In such cases may be determined by the Information presented on ItS return Therefore. please make sure the return IS complete and accurate and fully describes. In Part III, the organization's programs and accomplishments

What IS the organlzatlon's primary exempt purpose7 .. See Statement 3 ProQram Service Expenses All organizations must describe their exempt purpose ach-;evemenls In-aclear and conCise manner State thenumber-of (R'(1)'~~~~~~l~~~~cl~~j'"d clients served, pubh~}lons Issued, etc DIscuss achievements that are not measurable (Section 501(c)(3) and (4) organ- 4947(8)( I/, .rusls but Izatlons and 4947(a)\ 1) nonexempt charitable trusts must also enter the amount of Qrants ana allocations to others) optIonal or others) a See Statement 4

------~ (Grants and allocations $ 266,000. ) If this amountlOcludes foreign grants, check here • I I 266,000. b

------~ (Grants and allocations $ ) If thiS amount Includes foreign grants, check here • I I c

------~- (Grants and allocations $ ) If thiS amount Includes foreign arants, check here • I I d

e Other program services (Grants and allocations $ ) If thiS amount Includes foreign grants. check here ·n f Total of Program Service Expenses (should egual hne 44. column (8). Program services) 266,000. BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEA0103L 10/14/05 Form 990 (2005) ANCA EndoWIlJent Fund 36-4190026 Page 4 IPart IV IBalance Sheets (See Instructions)

Note: Where reqUired, attached schedules and amounts wlthm the descnptlon (A) (B) column should be for end-of·year amounts only Beg,nn,ng of year End of year 45 Cash - non·,nterest-bearlng 45 46 Savings and temporary cash Investments 146,641. 46 241,343.

47a Accounts receivable 47a b Less allowance for doubtful accounts. 47b 47c

------.. -~_.- ~_._-- ~ 48a Pledges receivable 48a - --- b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 48b 48c 49 Grants receivable 49

A 50 Receivables from oH,cers, directors, trustees, and key s employees (attach schedule) s 50 E 51 a Other notes & loans receivable (attach sch) I 51 aI T S b Less allowance for doubtful accounts 51 b 51 c 52 InventOries for sale or use 52 53 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges 53 54 Investments - securities (attach schedule) ~D Cost 0 FMV 54 5,010. 55a Investments - land, bUildings, & equipment: baSIS 55a

b Less accumulated depreciation -­ (attach schedule) 55b 55c 56 Investments - other (attach schedule) 56 57a Land, buildings, and equipment baSIS 57a

b Less accumulated depreciation (attach schedule) 57b 57c 58 Other assets (descrrbe ~ See Statement 5 ) 665. 58 1,466. 59 Total assets (must equal line 74) Add lines 45 through 58 147,306. 59 247,819. 60 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 60 L 61 Grants payable 61 I A 62 Deferred revenue 62 B I 63 Loans from officers, directors, trustees, and key employees (attach schedule) 63 L I 64a Tax-exempt bond liabilities (attach schedule) 64a T I b Mortgages and other notes payable (attach schedule) 64b E s 65 Other llabllrtles (describe ~ ) 65 66 Total liabilities. Add lines 60 through 65 O. 66 O. Organizations that follow SFAS 117, check here ~ ~ and complete lines 67 N E ihrough 69 or III ill 1I:~~ 73 d(IU 74 T A 67 Unrestricted 147,306. 67 247,819. ~ 68 Temporanly restricted 68 E ~ 69 Permanently restncted 69 0 Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117, check here ~ o and complete lines R 70 through 74 f u N 70 Capital stock, trust prinCipal, or current funds 70 0 71 Paid-in or capital surplus, or land. bUilding, and equipment fund 71 B A L 72 Retarned earnings, endowment. accumulated Income, or other funds 72 A N c 73 Total net assets or fund balances (add lines 67 through 69 or lines 70 through Es 72, column (A) must equal line 19. column (B) must equal line 21) 147,306. 73 247,819. 74 Total liabilities and net assets/lund balances. Add lines 66 and 73 147,306. 74 247,819. BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEAO104L 10117/05 Form 990 (2005) ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 5 IPart IV-A IReconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements with Revenue per Return (See Instructions.)

a Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements a 390 372. b Amounts Included on line a but not on Part I, line 12 1 Nel unreahzed gains on Investments bl lDonated services and use of facilities bl 3Recovelles of pnor year grants b3 40ther (specify) ------b4 ------Add lines bl through b4 b c Subtract hne b from hne a c 390 372. d Amounts Included on Part I, hne 12, but nolan hne a: 1 Investment expenses not Included on Part I, line 6b dl lOther (specify) ------dl ------0 Add hnes dl and d2 d e Total revenue (Part I, line 12) Add lines c and d ~ e 390,372 . IPart IV-B IReconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements with Expenses per Return

a Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements .. a 289 859. b Amounts Included on line a but not on Part I, line 17 1 Donated services and use of facilities bl 2 Prior year adjustments reported on Part I, hne 20 bl 3Losses reported on Part I, line 20 b3 40ther (specify) ------b4 o. ------Add lines bl through b4 b c Subtract line b from hne a c 289,859. d Amounts Included on Part I, line 17, but not on line a: 1 Investment expenses not Included on Part I, line 6b dl lOther (specify) ------dl ------Add lines dl and dl d e Total expenses (Part I, line 17) Add lines c and d ~ e 289,859. IPart V-A ICurrent Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees (lISt each person who was an officer, director, trustee, or key employee at any time dunng the year even If they were not compensated) (See the instructIOns) (B) Title and average hours (C) Compensation (0) Contnbutlons to (E) Expense 3dd:e~s per week devoted (if not paid, employee beneflt account and other (A) NaiTie a;ld ... _1...... _n_\ to lJusllron ,"I""'. -.., 1 plans and OpfPlrp.d allowances compensation plans ~E~~~~~E£~ol~~ _ Secretary/Treas o. O. o. }1!. _E..:. _I:2.-e~~a!t!.,_l'l,!i_t~ _2_0~_ o Lake Forest IL 60045 ~~~~B~2E£~~ _ President o. O. o. ------­888 17th Street N.W. o Washinqton, DC 20006-3307

BAA TEEA0105L 10117/05 Form 990 (2005) Form 990 (2005) ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 6 I Part V-A ICurrent Officers. Directors Trustees, and Key Employees (continued) Yes No , 75 a Enler the tot~1 number of oHleers, directors, ~nd trustees permitted to vote on org~nlz~tlon busmess as board meehngs ~ J.______b Are any officers, directors, trustees, or key employees listed In Form 990, Part V~A, or highest compensated employees listed In Schedule A, Part I, or highest compensated profeSSional and other Independent contractors listed In Schedule A, Part II~A or II~B. related to each other through family or business relationships? " 'Yes,' attach a statemenl that i Idenlifles the IndiViduals and explains the relatronshlp(s) 75b X I c Do any officers, drrectors, trustees, or key employees listed In form 990, Part V~A, or highest compensated employees i listed In Schedule A, Part I. or highest compensated profeSSional and other Independent contractors listed In Schedule A, Part II~A or II~B, receive compensalion from any other organlzalions. whether tax exempt or taxable, that are related to this organlzalion through common supervISion or common control? 75c X I Note. Related organlzalions Include seclion 509(a)(3) supporling organlzatrons I

If 'Yes,' attach a stalement that Idenllfles the Individuals, explains the relationship between this organization and the I other organlzalion(s), and descrrbes the compensation arrangements. Including amounts paid to each IndiVidual by each related organlzalion d Does the organization have a written conflict of Interest policy? 75d X I IPart V·B I Form~r Officers, Directors, Trustees, and Key Employees That Received Compensation or Other Benefits (If any former officer. drrector, trustee. or key employee received compensation or other benefits (described below) dUring the year, Irst that person below and enter the amount of compensation or other benefits In the approprlale column See the Instructrons ) (B) Loans and (e) Compensalion (D) Contrlbutrons to (E) Expense (A) Name and address Advances employee benefll account and other plans and deferred allowances compensatron plans

I Part VI IOther Information (See fhe instructIOns) Yes No 76 Old the organIzation engage In any dc..lIVlty not pi€vluusli iepGited to the !RS'? !f 'Yes,' attach a detailed descrlptron of each aclivlty 76 X i n Were any changes made In lhe organizing or governing documents but not reported to the IRS? n X I " 'Yes,' attach a conformed copy of the changes~ 78a Did the organization have unrelated bUSiness gross Income of $1,000 or more dUring the year covered by this return? 78a X I b If 'Yes,' has It filed a tax return on Form 990-1 for this year? 78b X I 79 Was there a liqUidatIOn, diSSolution, termination, or substantial contraction dUring the year? " 'Yes,' attach a statement 79 X I 80 a Is the organization related (other than by association With a statewide or nationWide organization) through common membership, governing bodies, trustees, officers, etc, to any other exempt or nonexempt organlzatron? r8.=..O.=..a+-_-t--'-'X,---!' b If 'Yes,' enter the name of the organization ~ !![A______I and check whether It IS TI exlemp\ or TI nonexempt I 81 a E~e-; d,r~cl ;nd ~;r;cl~j;il~ale~~;:;-drtu-;-e~ (S~; i;"n; 81-;nstructlons ) 81 aI a. ' b Did the orqanlzallon file Form llZ0-POL for this year? 81 b X I BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEA0106L 11103/05 Form 990 (2005) ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 7 I Part VI -I Other Information (continued) Yes No 82"a D'd the organization receive donated services or the use of malenals, equ,pment, or fac,llt,es at no charge or at substantially less than fair rental value? 82a x b If 'Yes,' you may Ind,cate the value of these Items here Do not ,nclude th,s amount as I 82b' revenue m Part I or as an expense In Pari II (See Instructions ,n Part III) c...::.::...::ICL-I ....:N:.:..:..../"'""'"iA 83a D'd the organization comply with the public rnspeclron requlremenls for returns and exemplion applicallons? 83a X b D,d lhe organization comply with the disclosure requirements relat,ng to qu,d pro quo contrtbulrons? 83b X 84a D'd the organlzat'on SOliCit any contrlbut,ons or g,fts that were not tax deductible? r--84_a+-_+-.:..:X:..-,

b If 'Yes,' did the oraanlza!lon mclude with every solic,tatlon an express statement that such contrtbutlons or gifts were -­ ._~ not tax deductible? 84b N A 85 50 I (c)(4), (5), or (6) organizatIons a Were substanlrally all dues nondeduclible by members? 85a N A b Old the organlza!lon make only In-house lobbYing expenditures of $2,000 or less? 85b N A I I If 'Yes' was answered to either 85a or 85b. do not complete 85c through 85h below unless the organlzat,on received a I waiver for proxy tax owed for the prtor year. I

e Dues, assessments, and Similar amounts from members. 85e N/A I d Section 162(e) lobby,ng and polit,cal expend,tures 85d N/A I e Aggregate nondeduchble amount of seclion 6033(e)(1)(A) dues notices 8Se N/A I I f Taxable amount of lobbying and polit,cal expend'tures (line 85d less 85e) 851 N/A I 9 Does the organlzat,on elecl to pay the secllon 6033(e) tax on the amount on line 85P 85g N A h If section 6033(e)(I)(A) dues notices were sent, does the organizatIOn agree to add the amount on line 8Sf to ,ts reasonable est,mate of dues allocable to nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures for the follOWing tax year? 85h N A 86 501 (c)(7) organizatIOns Enter a In,t,at'on fees and capital contllbutlons Included on I line 12 1---"-86=-a=+- --..:..:N,:..../"-"IA b Gross receipts, mcluded on line 12, for public use of club facilities f-8...;.6.;.:b+- N...;./'--lA

87 501 (c)(l2) organizations Enter a Gross Income from members or shareholders f---:'8~7..::a+- ....:Nc.:.;/,--A:.=j I b Gross Income from other sources (Do not net amounts due or pa,d to other sources against amounts due or received from them) 87b NI A ---- __ J 88 At any lime during the year, d'd the organlzallon own a 50% or greater Interest In a taxable corporat'on or partnersh,p, or an enltty disregarded as separate from the organlza!ton under Regulal10ns sect'ons 301 7701-2 and 301.7701-3? If 'Yes,' complete Part IX 88 X

89a 501 (c)(3) organizations Enter' Amount of tax Imposed on the organ,zatlon durrng the year under \ secllon 4911 ~ sectIOn 4912 ~ ,seelion 4955 ~ .9.:... . iJ.:. iJ.:. _. - -- b 50 I (c)(3) and 50 I (c)(4) organizations O,d the organization engage In any section 4958 excess benef,t transaction durrng the year or did It become aware of an excess benefit transaction from a prror year? If 'Yes,' attach a statement expla,nlng each transaction . 89b X

e Enter. Amount of tax Imposed on the organlzat,on managers or dlsqualifted persons dUling the year under sections 4912, 4955, and 4958 . o. d Enter. Amount of tax on line 89c, above, re,mbursed by the organization o. 90a List the states with which a copy of this return IS filed ~ None b Number of crr;p!cyee~ employed !r1 the pay peru)tj th(il ,ndude~ M;r~h12: 2005 (Se~ ~n~tr~ctlt;-n~ ;- ---- ~ ---- _-~ ---- 0 91 a The books are ,n care of ~ ,}~~~~.:... _M~~d_ol~I!.. Telephone number ~ _J/!.Z -Aq~:... _LfJ~~ _ Located at ~ ~~~e_ !,~r_e~!.,_l!. ...1 ZIP + 4 ~ §.QQ.~5-- Yes No b At any t,me during the calendar year, did the organ,zatlon have an Interest In or a signature or other authorrty over a financial account ,n a foreign country (such as a bank account, securrltes account, or other ftnanclal account)? 91 b X , If 'Yes,' enter the name of the foreign country .. _ , See the Instructions for except,ons and follng reqUirements for Form TO F 90-22 1, Report of Foreign Bank and

Financial Statements I e At any t,me dunng the calendar year. did the organtzalton maintain an office outside of the Untted States? 91 e X If 'Yes,' enter the name of the fore'gn country .. _ 92 Section 4947(a)(I) nonexempt chaT/table trusts filmg Form 990 In lIeu of Form 1041- Cheek here NIA .. 0 and enter the amount of tax-exempt Interest rece,ved or accrued dunng the tax year "~L...- :.;N.:./~A.:. BAA Form 990 (2005)

TEEA0107L 02103/06 Form 990 (2005) ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 8 I Part VIII Analvsis of Income-Producing Activities (See the mstructlons) Unrelated business Income Excluded by section 512, 513, or 514 (E) Note: Enter gross amounts unless (A) (B) (C) otherwise mdlcated (0) Related or exempt BUSiness code Amount ExclusIOn code Amount function Income 93 Program service revenue" a b c d e I Medicare/Medicaid payments 9 Fees & contracts from government agencies 94 Membership dues and assessments 95 Interest on savings & temporary cash Invmnts 96 D,vidends & Interest from securities 97 Net rental Income or (loss) from real estate: t a debt-financed property b not debt-financed property 98 Net rental Income or (loss) Irom pers prop 99 Other Investment Income 1 982. 100 Gain or (loss) from sales of assets other than Inventory 101 Net Income or (loss) from speCIal events 102 Gross profit or (loss) from sales ot lnventOl)/ 103 Other revenue a I b c d e 104 Subtotal (add columns (8), (D), and (E» 1,982. 105 Total (add line 104, columns (8), (D), and (E» 1,982. Note: L me 105 piUS/ Ime Id P a rt I, s h auId equaI the amoun on me 12 P a rt I IPart VIII Relationship of Activities to the Accomplishment of Exempt Purposes (See the mstructlOns)

Line No. Explain how each activity lor which Income IS reported In column (E) 01 Part VII contributed Importantly to the accomplishment ... of the organlzalton's exempt purposes (other than by providing funds lor such purposes) N/A

I Part IX Information Reqardinq Taxable Subsidiaries and DisreQarded Entities (See the mstructlons) (A) (B) (C) (0) (E) r-_..J _¥ ___ i'iame, address, and EiN of corporailon, f'elcelliage of Nature of activities Total c.llu-ul-yecn partnership, or disregarded entity ownership Interest Income assets N/A % % % % ! Part X Information Regardina Transfers Associated with Personal Benefit Contracts (See the mstructlons ) a Did the organization, dUring the year, receive any tunds, dtrectly or Indtrectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract? UYes ~NO b Did the organization, dUring the year, pay premiums, dtrectly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract? Yes X No

Please Sign Here Secretar

Oale Preparer's SSN or PTIN (See Check If General Instructton W) Paid self· Pre­ employed .. N/A parer's Flrm"s name (or Jack C. Mardoian LTD. Use yourslfselt- 191 E D th St 202 EIN .. N/A :dJ:~:s~d~;'d ~ -=-=-=-==--.:::.e=eC""r~a=:..:.L,--=::....::..::e-=:...::..:=-- -+=__-.:..:c:....:.=-=-=:----:~=--:-::-=-=--__ Only ZIP.4 Lake Forest, 1L 60045 Phon,no • (847) 295-4100 BAA TEEAOI08l 10/18/05 Form 990 (2005) Organization Exempt Under 0"18 No 1545-0047 SCHEDULE A (Form 990'or 990·EZ) Section 501(c}(3) (Except Private Foundation) and Section S01(e), SOl(f), S01(k), 501(n), or 4947(a)(l) Nonexempt Charitable Trust 2005 Supplementary Information - (See separate instructions.) Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service • MUST be completed by the above organizations and attached to their Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Name 01 the organization Employ~r ld~nllflcation number Endowment Fund 36-4190026 L..:....::..:...:...=---_-' Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Employees Other Than Officers, Directors, and Trustees (See Instructions List each one If there are none, enter 'None ') (a) Name and address of each (b) Title and average (c) Compensation (d) Contnbulions (e) Expense employee ~ald more hours per week to employee benefit account and other than $ 0,000 devoted to posItion plans and deferred allowances compensation

------­None

------

------

------

------

Total number of other employees paid I over $50,000 ~ 0 IPart II - A I Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for ~rofe,ssional Services (See Instructions List each one (whether Individuals or firms). If there are none, enter None)

(a) Name and address of each Independent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of service (c) Compensation

------None

------

------

------

------

I Total number of others receiving over $50,000 lor professlonai ser vices e-I 0 , IPart II - B I Compensation of the Five Highest Paid Independent Contractors for Other Services (List each contractor who performed services other than profeSSional serVices, whether Individuals or firms If there are none, enter 'None' See Instructions)

(a) Name and address of each ,ndependent contractor paid more than $50,000 (b) Type of service (c) Compensalron

~2~~ _

Total number of other contractors receiving I over $50,000 for other services ~I 0 BAA For PapelWork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 and Form 990·EZ. Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005

TEEA0401 L 08/09/05 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2005 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 2

IPart III IStatements About Activities (See Instructions) Yes No 1 Dunng the year, has the organization atlempted to Influence national, state, or local legislation, including any attempt \0 Influence public opinion on a leg.slalove matler or referendum? If 'Yes,' enter the total expenses paid or Incurred In connection with the lobbying act,vities .$ N/A (Must equal amounts on line 38, Part VI-A, or Itne i of Part VI·S ) 1 X Organlzaloons that made an election under section 501 (h) by flltng Form 5768 must complete Part VI-A Other organizations checking 'Yes' must complete Part VI·S AND attach a statement giVing a detailed descnpt,on of the lobbying activities. I I 2 Dunng the year, has the organlzahon, either directly or Indirectly, engaged In any of the following acts with any I substantial contributors, trustees, directors, officers, creators, key e~IOyees, or members of their famlltes, or with any I taxable organization with which any such person IS affiliated as an 0 Icer, director, trustee, majority owner, or prmClpal beneficiary? (If the answer to any question IS 'Yes,' attach a detailed statement explammg the transactions) ! - - _J

a Sale, exchange, or leaSing of property? 2a X

b Lending of money or other extension of credit? 2b X

c Furnishing of goods, serVices, or facilities? 2c X

d Payment of compensation (or payment or reimbursement of expenses If more than $1,000)? 2d X

e Transfer of any part of ItS Income or assets? 2e X 3a Do you make grants for scholarships, fellowships, student loans, etc? (If 'Yes,' atlach an explanatIOn of how you determine that recipients qualify to receive payments) 3a X b Do you have a section 403(b) annuity plan for your employees? 3b X c DUring the year, did the organization receive a contribution of qualtfted real property Interest under section 170(h)? 3c X 4a O,d you maintain any separate account for parhclpalong donors where donors have the right to prOVide adVice on the use or distribution of funds? 4a X b Do you prOVide credit counseltng, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiatIOn services? 4b X IPart IV IReason for Non-Pnvate Foundation Status (See instructions)

The organization IS not a private foundation because It IS. (Please check only ONE applicable box.) 5 A church, convention of churches, or assoc.at,on of churches Sechon 170(b)(1 )(A)(I) 6 t A school Section 170(b)(1)(A)(II) (Also complete Part V.) 7 A hospital or a cooperalove hospital service organization. Section 170(b)(1 )(A)(III) B A Federal, state, or local government or governmental unit Section 170(b)(1)(A)(v) 9 A medical research organization operated In conjunction with a hospital Section 170(b)(1 )(A)(III) Enter the hospital's name, city, and state· , 10 0 An organlzatlo;;- op;;~ed 10-;- the-b-;n~~ -;;f~ ~;rl;g;;;; ~;'v;r;t; ~-;:;;d ~;-ope-;-aled by-ag;;-v;r;;-~e;;-t.;;j ~n~ -S-;c(;;;-n170(b)(1)(A)0v) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV·A )

11 a nAn orqanlzat,on that normally receives a substanloal part of ItS support from a governmental un.t or from the general publtc ~ Section 170(b)(1)(A)(vI). (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A)

11 bOA community trust Section 170(b)(1)(A)(vl). (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A.) 12 0 An organization that normally receives (1) more than 33-1/3% of ItS support from contrlbuhons, membership fees. and gross receipts from actiVities related to ItS charitable, etc, functions - sublect to certain excephons, and (2) no more than 33-1/3% of .ts support from gross Investment Income and unrelated bUSiness taxable Income (less section 511 tax) from bUSinesses acqUired by the organization aHer June 30, 1975 See sectIon 509(a)(2) (Also complete the Support Schedule In Part IV-A.) 13 0 An organization that IS not controlled by any disqualified persons (other than foundation managers) and supports organizations descnbed In (1) Itnes 5 through 12 above, or (2) section 501 (c)(4). (5), or (6), If they meet the test of secloon 509(a)(2) Check the box that descnbes the type of supporting organization • 0 Type 1 DType 2 DType 3 Provide the follOWing information about the supported organlzaloons (See instructions)

(a) Name(s) of supported organrzat,on(s) (b) Line number from above

14 0 An organization organized and operated to test for public safety Section 509(a)(4). (See instructions) BAA TEEAO'102l 08/09105 Schedule A (Form 990 or Form 990-EZ) 2005 Schedu!e A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 3 IPart IV·A ISupport Schedule (Complete only If you checked a box on line 10, 11, or 12) Use cash method 01 accounting. Note: You may use the worksheet In fhe instructions for convertmg from the accrual to the cash method of accountmg

Calendar year (or fiscal year (a) C (d) (e) ~ bb) ) beginning in) 2004 2 03 2b 02 2001 Total 15 GiftS. grants, and conlnbullons received (Do not Include unusual qranls See line 28 ) N/A 16 MembershiP fees received

17 Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or furnishing of lacllitles In any activity that IS related to the orgamzatlOn's charrlable, etc, purpose 18 Gross Income Irom Interest, dividends, amounts received from payments on securrtles loans (section 512(a)(5», rents, roya/lres, and unrelated bUSiness ta~able Income (less section 511 taxes) Irom bUSinesses acqUIred by the organ- Izabon after June 30, 1975

19 Net Income Irom unrelated bUSiness actiVities not Included In line 18 20 Tax revenues leVied for the or~anlzatlon's benefit and elt er paid to It or expended on ItS behalf 21 The value 01 services or faCllllles furnished to the organlzallon by a governmenlal unit without charge. Do not Include the value of services or facllilles generally furnished to the public without charqe 22 Other Income Attach a schedule Do not Include gain or (loss) from sale of capital assets 23 Total of Irnes 15 through 22 24 Line 23 minus Irne 17 25 Enter 1% of Irne 23 26 Organizations described on lines 10 or 11: a Enter 2% of amount In column (e), Irne 24 N/A ~ 26a b Prepare a list lor your records to show the name of and amount contnbuted by each person (other than a governmental umt or publicly supported orgamzatlOn) whose total gifts for 2001 through 2004 e~ceeded the amount shown In Ime 26a. Do not file thiS Irst with your ---­ --~~- _J retum. Enter the total 01 all these excess amounts ~ 26b c Total support for section 509(a)(1) test Enter line 24, column (e) ~ 26c ~ d Add Amounts from column (e) for lines: 18 19 -- ______----.J 22 26b 26d e Publrc suooort (line 26c minus Irne 26d total) ~ 26e

~ f Public support percentage (line 26e (numerator) divided by line 26c (denomInator» ~I 261 I 27 Organizations described on line 12: N/A a For amounts Included In lines 15,16, and 17 that were received from a 'disqualified person,' prepare a Irst lor your records to show the name of, and total amounts received In each year from, each 'disqualifIed person' Do not file this list with your return. Enter the sum at such amounts for each year (2004) ______(2003) (2002) (2001) _ bFor any amount Included In line 17 that was received from each person (other than 'dlsqualrfled persons'), prepare a list for your records to show the name at, and amount received tor each year, that was more than the larger of (1) the amount on line 25 for the year or (2) $5,000 (Include In the list organizations descnbed In lines 5 through 11 b, as well as individuals) Do not file this list with your return, After compuhng the difference between the amount received and the larger amount descnbed In (1) or (2), enter the sum of these differences (the excess amounts) tor each year (2004) (2003) (2002) (2001) _ c Add Amounts tram column (e) for lines 15 16 17 20 21 27c d Add Line 27a total and line 27b totaL 27d e Public support (line 27c total minus line 27d total) ~ 27e ~I f Total support tor section 509(a)(2) test Enter amount tram line 23, column (e) 27f I -- ---, g Public support percentage (line 27e (numerator) divided by line 27f (denominalor» ~ 27g % h Investment income Dercentaae (line 18, column (e) (numerator) divided by line 27f (denominator» ~ 27h % 28 Unusual Grants: For an organlzalion descnbed In line 10, 11, or 12 that received any unusual grants dunng 2001 through 2004, prepare a list for your records 10 show, tor each year, the name of the contnbutor, the date and amount of the Q!j'lnt, and a bnet descnplion of the nature 01 the grant Do not file this list with your return. Do not Include these grants In line 15 N/A BAA TEEA0403L 02103/06 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2005 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Page 4 IPart V IPrivate School Questionnaire (See Instructions.) (To be completed ONLY by schools that checked the box on line 6 in Part IV) N/A Yes No 29 Does the organization have a raCially nondisCrIminatory poliCy toward students by statement," ItS charier, bylaws, other governing Instrument, or In a resolution of ItS governing body' 29

30 Does the organizatIOn Include a statement of ItS raCially nondisCrIminatory poliCY toward students In all ItS brochures, catalo~es, and other wntten communlcallons with the public dealing with student admissions, programs, --_. ------' and sc olarshlps' . . 30

31 Has the organization publicized ItS raCially nondiSCrIminatory policy through newspaper or broadcast media dunng the perrod of soliCitation for students, or durrng the registration penod If ,t has no Sollcltallon program, In a way that ,- I makes the policy known to all paris of the general community It serves' 31 It 'Yes.' please deSCrIbe, If 'No: please explain. (If you need more space, attach a separate statement) I I

I

------I

------! ------i ------32 Does the organlzahon maintain the follOWing ­ J a Records indicating the raCial compOSition of the student body, faculty, and administrative staff' 32a

b Records documenting that scholarships and other financial assistance are awarded on a raCially nondlscrrmlnatory basIs' 32b

c Co~,es of all catalogues, brochures, announcements, and other wrrtten communications to the public dealing Wit student admiSSions, programs, and scholarships'. 32c d Copies of all matenal used by the organization or on ItS behalf to soliCit contrrbutlons' 32d I

If you answered 'No' to any ot the above, please explain (It you need more space, attach a separate statement.) I i ------I ------! i 33 Does the organization dlscnmmate by race In any way With respect to: I - - .J a Students' rights or prrvileges' 33a

b AdmiSSions policies' 33b

c Employment of faculty or admmlstratlve staff' 33c

d Scholarships or other finanCial assistance' 33d

e EduCCiltUlldi poliCies 1 33e

f Use of facilities? 33f

9 AthletiC programs' 33q

h Other extraCUrricular activities' 33h

If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above. please explain (If you need more space, attach a separate statement) I I ------I ------I ------~ ------~ 34a Does the organization receive any finanCial aid or assistance from a governmental agency' 34a

b Has the organization's right to such aid ever been revoked or suspended' 34b If you answered 'Yes' to either 34a or b, please explain usmg an attached statement I -~ 35 Does the organization certify that It has comghed With the att,cable reqUIrements ot sections 401 through 4 05 of Rev Proc 75·5 , 1975-2 C B 7, covering raCial nOndISCrimmat,on' If 'No,' attach an explanation 35 BAA TEEA0404L 08108105 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005 ANCA Endowment fund 36-4190026 Page 5 IPart VI·A ILobbying Expenditures bv Electing Public Charities (See Instrucltons ) (To be completed ONLY by an eligible organization that filed Form 5768) N/A Check ~ a II,f the orqanlzatlOn belonqs to an aHlllated group Check ~ b I I,f you checked 'a' and 'limited control' prOVISionS aooly (a) (b) Limits on Lobbying Expenditures AHlliated group To be completed totals for ALL elechng (The term 'expenditures' means amounts paid or Incurred.) organ'zahons 36 Total lobbYing expenditures to Influence public opinion (grassroots lobbYing). 36 37 Total lobbYing expenditures to Influence a leglslahve body (direct lobbYing) 37 38 Total lobbYing expenditures (add lines 36 and 37) 38 39 Other exempt purpose expenditures 39 40 Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 38 and 39) 40 41 LobbYing nontaxable amount Enter the amount from the follOWing table ­ I , It the amount on line 40 is - The lobbying nontaxable amount is ­ Not over $500,000 20% 01 'h, ,moo,' '" ,,,' " Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000 $100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000 I G -- -~._- --- ~ - - -, Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500.000 $175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000 41 Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000 $225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000 !, Over $17,000,000 $1,000,000 42 Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 41) 42 43 Subtract line 42 from line 36. Enter -0- If line 42 IS more than line 36 43 44 Subtract line 41 from line 38 Enter ·0· If line 41 IS more than line 38 44

Caution: If there IS an amount on either tine 43 or tine 44, you must Me Form 4720. I 4 -Year Averaging Period Under Section 501(h) (Some organizatIons that made a section 501 (h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below See the Instruelions for lines 45 through 50 )

Lobbying Expenditures During 4 -Year Averaging Period

Calendar year (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (or fiscal year 2005 2004 2003 2002 Total beginning in) ~

45 Lobbying nontaxable amount

46 Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 45(e»)

47 Total lobbYing expendllures 48 Grassroots non· taxable amount

49 Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 48(e»)

50 Grassroots lobbYing expenditures IPart VI-B ILobbying Activity by Nonelectin Public Charities (For reporting only by organizations that ~Id not complete Part VI·A) (See Instructions) N/A DUring the year, did the organlzalton attempt to Influence national, state or local legislation, Including any attempt to Influence public opinion on a leglslalive mailer or referendum, through the use of Yes No Amount

a Volunteers I b Paid staH or management (Include compensalion In expenses reported on lines c through h.) I -~ - C Media adverltsements. d Mailings to members, legislators, or the public e Publtcahons, or published or broadcast statements f Grants 10 other organizations for lobbying purposes g Dllect contact With legislators, Ihell staHs, government oHlclals, or a legislative body h Rallies. demonstraltons, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any other means i Total lobbYing expenditures (add lines c through h.) If 'Yes' to any of the above, also attach a statement giving a detailed deScription of the lobbYing actlvlhes BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2005

TEEA0405L 08/08/05 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2005 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 Pa e 6 '---'-_--'-'--'Information Regarding Transfers To and Transactions and Relationships With Noncharitable Exempt Organizations (See instructions)

51 Did the reporting organization directly or indirectly engage In any of the following with any other organization descnbed In section 501 (c) of (he Code (other than seclton 501 (c)(3) organlzaltons) or In section 527, relating to political organizations? a Transfers from the reporting organization to a noncharltable exempt organization of Yes No (i)Cash 51 a (i) X (ii)Other assets a (ii) X, b Other transactions. (i)Sales or exchanges of assets with a noncharltable exempt organization b (i) X (ii)Purchases of assets from a noncharltable exempt organization b (ii) X (iii)Rental of facilities, equipment, or other assets b (iii\ X (iv)Relmbursement arrangements b (iv\ X (v)Loans or loan guarantees b(v) X (vi)Performance of services or membership or fund raising soliCitations b (vi) X c Sharing of faCilities, equipment, mailing lists, other assets, or paid employees c X d If the answer 10 any of the above IS 'Yes,' complete the follOWing schedule Column (b) should always show the fair market value of the ~oo ds, ot her assets, or services given by the re~Orlin?( orfl,anlzatlon If the organization receive d less than fair market value In any ransactlon or sharlnq arranqement, show In co umn d) e value of the !lOOaS, other assets, or services received: (a) (b) (c) (d) Line no. Amount Involved Name of noncharltable exempt organization Descnptlon of transfers, transactions, and shanng arrangements N/A

52a Is the organization dlleclly or indirectly affiliated With, or related to, one or more tax·exempt organizations described In seclion 501 (c) of the Code (other than section 501 (c)(3» or In section 5277 ~ 0 Yes [R] No b If 'Yes.' complete the follOWing schedule: (h\ (c) Name of orgaOlzalion'''J Type of o~ganlzatlon DeSCription oi relaltonshlp N/A

BAA Schedule A (Form 990 or 990·EZ) 2005

TEEA04O£l 08108105 2005' Federal Statements Page 1

Client 9901-990 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 8/29/06 0509PM

Statement 1 Form 990, Part I, line 7 Other Investment Income

Stock Dividends $ 15. SunTrust Bank 1,967. Total =$====1::£,=9=8=2=.

Statement 2 Form 990, Part II, Line 22 Grants and Allocations

Cash Grants and Allocations Class of Activity: Grant Bequest Donee's Name: Armenian Nat. Com. America Donee's Address: 888 17th Street, Suite 904 Washington, D.C. 20006, Amount Given: $ 200,000. Class of Activity: Grant Bequest Donee's Name: Armenian Nat. Com.-Western Donee's Address: 104 N, Belmont Street Glendale, CA 91204 Amount Given: 25,000. Class of Activity: Grant Bequest Donee's Name: Genocide Education Project Donee's Address: 51 Commonwealth Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 Amount Given: 35,000. Class of Activity: Grant Bequest Donee's Name: Armenian Nat. Com.-Eastern Donee's Address: 80 Bigelow Avenue Watertown, MA 02472 Amount Given: o,uvu.,- nnn

Total Grants and Allocations =$=====2=6=6~,=0=0=0='1

Statement 3 Form 990 , Part III Organization's Primary Exempt Purpose ANCA's primary exempt purpose is provide educational opportunities to young adults wishing to become involved in US government and not for profit activities through internships and to provide educational materials concerning issues of importance to the American-Armenian community and to other interested parties. 2005 Federal Statements Page 2

Client 9901-990 ANCA Endowment Fund 36-4190026 8129106 0503PM

Statement 4 Form 990, Part III, line a Statement of Program Service Accomplishments

Program Grants and Service Description Allocations Expenses Capitol Gateway Program/Summer Internships provided opportunities for young adults to intern with the US government and various not for profit agencies located in Washington, D.C. 60,000. 60,000. Includes Foreign Grants: No

Community Outreach/Education Project allowed the ANCA to provide educational information and materials on issues of concern to members of the American-Armenian community and to others interested in issues of concern to the American-Armenian community. 171,000. 171,000. Includes Foreign Grants: No

Genocide Education Project is a program which develops lesson plans for schools as part of a program entitled "Human Rights and Genocide: A Case Study of the First Genocide of the 20th Century" which was creaed by the San Francisco Unified School District's Curriculum Improvement and Professional Development office. 35,000. 35,000. Includes Foreign Grants: No $ 266, 000. $ 266, 000.

Statement 5 Form 990, Part IV, line 58 Other Assets

Unsold Gift Cards $ 1,466. Total ~$===1~,"=4=6=6=. EXHIBIT 6

Ihe Armenian Weekly ~. 4u.a\lIU,'Utp ~...' ...... ". .._._...... t,lt.lt'Ii•• 1 OfwqwCl24 dwtl hWJt,to brwdc$n1J1tuo, 24 boutS of Armenian music. lntrtir til qwQwqwQ brwqJ\rQbr news and various Pfograms

This interview appeared in the October 22, 2005 issue of Tile Armenian Weekly ~~~~~ DEEP ROOTS:

THE ARMENIAN REVOLUTIONARY FEDERATION, EASTERN UNITED STATES lI~~•••~J This is the first in a series of interviews with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) Central Committee of the Eastern Region of the United States. Professor Hayg Oshagan is the chairperson of the Central Committee.

Armenian Weekly: Could you give us a description of the Armenian communities in the Eastern Region?

Hayg Oshagan: What is unique about this region is that its diasporan roots predate the Genocide. The ~~~.mm-....i8 Eastern Region is also the most geographically widespread area the ARF covers, from Florida in the south, Massachusetts to the north and Wisconsin to the west. There are 17 ARF chapters, known as gomidehs, as well as the Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) and all its chapters. The family of organizations includes Hamazkayin, the Armenian Relief Society (ARS), and the Armenian General Athletic Union and Scouts (Homenetmen). The first gomideh was established in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1894. The Hairenik, established in 1899, is the oldest, continuously published paper in both the diaspora and Armenia. The Armenian Weekly, our English­

"",-"""-""-,-""", language publication, recently celebrated its 70th anniversary. .Q~~I The region is also unique in that it includes the financial centers of the world, in New York City, as well as the ~~~Jlllm~Jpolitical center, in Washington, D.C.

AW: How does the ARF work within the communities? HAIRENIK 2006 HO: There are two aspects to the work that the ARF does-political and community. Politically, the ARF CALENDAR supports Armenia by trying to advance the political institutions and political culture in Armenia, as well as ensuring the viability of the Armenian state. In the diaspora, the effort is aimed towards Genocide recognition efforts, and maintainin9 communities and giving them the resources to grow and survive. Our political work is focused on a few themes, with Genocide recognition, and issues of financial and territorial reparation, being of paramount concern. We also lobby the U.S. government for just and equitable military and economic aid to Armenia. We try to advance our efforts in academic circles, given that discussions in academia and academic scholarship often have '1""j...... -•...... - real world consequences. We also try to present Turkey's real record in human rights violations, making sure that lawmakers and the public understand both Turkey's stance in blockading Armenia and in providing assistance to Azerbaijan. We also spend a great deal of effort trying to maintain political activism in our communities. This represents our grassroots base, the communities that believe in what we do, and this support is essential to the success of ;, I $.' all our efforts. Order Your Our political work is pursued by every member of the ARF, and is organized at the local level by our Copy Now! Gomidehs and Armenian National Committee (ANC) chapters. At the regional and national levels, these efforts ($15 + s&h) are conducted through the ANC Eastern Region based in New York, and by the ANCA offices based in Washington, D.C. As an example, over the last two months, we have held a protest in front of the Azerbaijan Embassy, demonstrating against warmongering by Azerbaijan's government; we have worked to bring two Genocide resolutions to the house floor for a vote; we organized a rally in front of Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert's office in Illinois, with the participation of System of a Down. We also organized and promoted a talk at Harvard University on the issue of the Genocide.

AW: How does the work of the ARF compare to other organizations that are active in the community? HO: The ARF is the only organization that has remained committed to these goals, and the only organization that has stayed true to its purpose over the last 100 years. The ARF has withstood external influences and political pressures and has kept the interests of the Armenian nation as paramount in its work. This continuing activism in the ARF is also what attracts increasingly young members to join the ranks. This year, we've had dozens of young members join the ARF ranks, and there are many more applicants waiting to go through the ed ucationa I process. Beyond its political scope, the ARF is also involved in community work. This is what it means to be a diasporan organization: you have to maintain communities, in fact they have to prosper, while still being able to fight for a cause that's broader than the geographical area of the communities themselves. The survival of the diaspora depends on well-organized, active and conscious communities that feel part of a greater whole and are engaged in a common purpose. http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/interviews_index.htm Page 1 of 3 And this work, of course, doesn't end with one year or two, but has to continue across generations. This is what only the ARF has been able to maintain in over a century of effort. Now, in turn, the diaspora has become essential for the survival of the state of Armenia itself, not only in terms of politics and lobbying, but also culturally and philanthropically. You have to realize that simply being in a city doesn't create a community. Twenty-thousand people in Detroit do not make an Armenian community, unless they have a means of meeting one another, seeing each other, hearing of each other's work, and feeling a sense of belonging to something. The greater sense of community is not an easy thing to organize or establish. Community centers, newspapers, radio and TV programs, schools, churches, picnics, scouts, public forums, and the work of affiliate organizations, in having meetings and functions, all playa role in creating a sense of belonging to a community. This is an essential part of our involvement in the diaspora and we spend a great deal of our time on these issues along with our family of organizations. Currently, as examples, our gomidehs in the communities of Florida, Washington, D.C., and Detroit are looking into improving their community centers or building new ones, in order to better serve the needs of the community. As I mentioned, our newspapers also play key roles in this regard. They don't just report on events. By focusing on the everyday life of the community and encouraging local columnists, the newspapers provide not only more interesting stories that reflect what our diasporan communities are about, but also allow readers to feel that they belong to something that is greater than just their own individual lives. The newspaper and our other media allow a person to participate in the broader life of an active community and plays a critical role in maintaining the community itself. And beyond this, the media establish a connection between individuals and the Armenian nation's political and other struggles. This is obviously very important to the ARF, and, in fact, in order to expand the reach of the papers to a broader audience, we have established an online radio station and soon both publications will be accessible online. We need to make an effort to reach an audience that may not be used to reading a paper every week. Anyone interested in joining this effort should be encouraged to contact our editors.

AW: What other efforts are being undertaken to improve the operations of the publications? HO: The improvements extend into the structures in which our papers operate. We have been collecting funds to improve the Hairenik Building in Watertown, Massachusetts. Construction work has already started, and a great deal has yet to be done. We will not only maintain this building, but also improve it and also make all the necessary technological upgrades as well.

AW: How has the ARF cultivated and encouraged activism among the youth? HO: Since the very beginning, the ARF has paid particular attention to our youth, developing them both politically and as active members of the community itself. The AYF Eastern Region is the oldest youth organization of the ARF. It was established in 1933 by Karekin Nejdeh, and has served all these years, for many generations. Its members strengthen not only the ARF, but also bring their involvement into Homenetmen, Hamazkayin, ARS, and the church. The AYF recently completed a very successful Olympics, and AYF Camp Haiastan enjoyed an equally successful season. The AYF also has a well-organized internship program in Armenia. Throughout the year, members were able to attend international pan-Armenian events, including a socialist forum in Brazil, and pan­ Armenian youth organization gatherings in Argentina and Canada. The ARF takes great care that the members of the AYF receive adequate training and education in national and local politics, and methods of promoting political and community activism, as well as giving them a social environment in which to gather and meet one another and develop friendships. Our work cannot end with one or another generation, and so we have to make every effort to make sure that there are new faces, energy and imagination to take over and continue.

AW: What is the ARF's relationship with other Armenian organizations? HO: The ARF tries to reach out to all Armenian organizations, both local and regional as the need arises. In this respect, there are three organizations we work most closely with and consider to be part of our family of organizations, and they are the ARS, Hamazkayin and Homenetmen. The Central Committee is always in contact with the leaders of these organizations, as well as with the Eastern Prelacy, to ensure that we coordinate our activities and that we serve the various needs of the community.

AW: What are some of the issues presently facing the ARF in this region? HO: One of the greatest challenges in this region is the geographical distance that separates us from one another. Our communities develop as if they were islands, and this creates difficulties both in the community as well as in maintaining a sense of identity in being part of one region. We also face serious hurdles in securing the resources we need to maintain the infrastructure of this region. Whether it's the newspapers, community centers, or schools, these physical structures are anchors to this region and they need to be maintained. If we overlook these needs, we are seriously endangering the very existence of our diaspora. Another issue is more broadly cultural, in a sense. We are a political organization, and yet we live in the larger, American culture that is often apolitical, especially among the youth. The ARF is not for everyone, and yet we must find ways for those interested in political or community activism to find their way to us. This has http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/interviews_index.htm Page 2 of 3 always been something to overcome for the ARF, particularly in the United States. This, of course, is also a concern for our entire family of organizations. Lastly, our political work often pits us against various levels of the U.s. government, especially when we have issues relating to Turkey, a close ally of the United States. Believe me, it is not easy to face such a mighty power, but the ARF has never backed down from any challenge facing the Armenian nation, and it never will.

AW: Have any difficulties arisen within the organization? HO: Occasionally, one or another of our family of organizations faces a particular difficulty. For example, due to the improprieties of an individual member, the Homenetmen is now facing serious issues. The individual in question was both a member of the Homenetmen and the ARF. As leaders of our community, we have never allowed and cannot allow moral, ethical or legal misdeeds on the part of any of our members. In this case, the ARF has expelled the individual in question from its ranks. The Homenetmen is also pursuing all possible recourse, including legal ones, in order to resolve the matter. We are certain that the Homenetmen will overcome its current difficulties with the support of our family of organizations and our entire community.

AW: What is the role of the Central Committee within the framework of the ARF? HO: The Eastern Region Central Committee has seven members, and each of us assumes certain responsibilities. As chairperson, I oversee the work of the Central Committee, deal with organizational matters, and maintain formal ties with the Eastern Prelacy and other bodies, as well as national-level leaders. I also serve as liaison with the ARS. Garo Ketsemanian is the vice chairperson of the Central Committee. His responsibilities include overseeing activities in Armenia and Artsakh, as well as maintaining ties with Hamazkayin. Alex Sarafian is responsible for the finances of the organization. Antranig Kasbarian is the liaison to our media, and to our political operations. John Jerikian maintains ties with the Homenetmen and the Armenian Cultural Association of America. Steve Mesrobian is the Central Committee representative to the AYF, and participates in all the youth activities. Angel Manoogian is responsible for the various fundraising efforts in the region. Fundraisers that we organize or oversee include ANC-related fundraisers, Central Committee fundraisers, Hairenik Building fundraisers, as well as fundraisers for activities in Artsakh, Armenia and Javakhk. The Central Committee also maintains an endowment fund for donations to specific projects within the region. As an example, the most request bequest was a $50,000 donation in the will of Gosdan Bozajian for publication projects of the Hairenik Association.

AW: How has the ARF maintained its strong presence in light of other organizations that have formed in the community? HO: While there have been other organizations, and occasionally individuals who initiate projects, the ARF is the only organization that has continuously been engaged in the community. The presence of the ARF along with its family of organizations and the continuing existence of the community are inextricably tied to one another. As we are strong and effective, so the community is better able to maintain itself. The ARF is armed with 100 years of experience. Its capacity to always adapt to changing conditions-while keeping the principles and beliefs on which the organization was founded-has given it the ability to play this role within the diasporan communities of our nation. This relationship and continUity is critical not only in terms of experience, but also in terms of being able to initiate and to follow through, even if the time frame is one of years. And so the ARF not only works to maintain the structure of the community, it also provides the impetus to move the community forward into the future. I want to emphasize, however, that although I am referring to the ARF, our effort has always been a collaborative one. We have always welcomed the participation of others, because our ultimate aim has been the well-being of the Armenian nation in the homeland and diaspora. It is only with the help and trust of our community that we have achieved, together, what we have accomplished. I am certain that this essential work will continue, and that together, we will achieve for us here and our nation everywhere, what we all sacrifice and hope for.

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http://www.azg_amj7 Iang=EN&num=2006122302 Page 4 of 4 8lJHIHX3: Working paper #13

Divided They Conquer: The Success of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies in the United States

Heather S. Gregg August 2002

(http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/migrationJpubs/rrwp/13_divided.html)

Author's present contact info:

Heather S. Gregg Assistant Professor Mail Code: DA Department of Defense Analysis Graduate School of Operational and Information Sciences Monterey, CA 93943 Phone: 831-656-3689 Email: [email protected] Abbreviations and Acronyms

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization ANCA Armenian National Committee of America The Assembly The Armenian Assembly of America AIPAC American Israeli Public Affairs Committee CIC Canada-Israel Committee PAC Political Action Committee ARF Armenian Revolutionary Front ADL Armenian Defense League AGBU Armenian General Benevolence Union ARS Armenian Relief Society WCTU Women's Christian Temperance Union AYF Armenian Youth Federation ANCHA Armenian National Committee for Homeless Armenians ASALA Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ARA Armenian Revolutionary Army ACIA Armenian Committee for the Independence ofArmenia EU European Union ATP Armenian Tree Project UN United Nations ARAMAC Armenian- American Action Committee NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGOC Non-Governmental Organization Training Center UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ANI Armenian National Institute PL Public Law HR House Resolution

Table of Contents

I. Introduction 1

II. Literature on Ethnic Lobbies in the US 2

III. The Armenian Lobbies and Political Activism 5 in the US

IV. The Rise ofArmenian Ethnic Lobbies 10

A. Organizational Essence 10

B. Outreach Projects 14

C. Congress and Policy Objectives, Strategies and 18 Tactics

1. US Recognition ofthe Armenian Genocide 19

2. Nagomo Karabakh 20

3. Section 907 22

4. Aid to Armenia 23

5. Block Arms Deals to Turkey and the 25 Caspian Pipeline Project

V. Conclusion 26

Appendices 29 Bibliography 31

Abstract

The end of the Cold War has sparked considerable academic and policy debates on the direction and aims of US foreign policy. One aspect ofthat debate has centered on the role of ethnic groups in influencing foreign policy and determining the national interest. Two broad camps are visible in this debate. The first camp argues that ethnic lobbies are highly influential and a threat to US foreign policy and the national interest (Schlesinger, Jr.: 1992; Huntington: 1997; Smith: 2000). The second camp sees these groups as moderately influential but largely beneficial; specifically, they promote American interests abroad (Clough: 1992; Shain: 1999). Neither ofthese camps, despite their conclusions, has offered rigorous case studies aimed at measuring the impact ofethnic lobby groups on the US foreign policy process nor divulging how these groups attain their alleged influence. One US minority in particular, Armenian-Americans, has achieved considerable success in gaining political and material support from Congress. Such achievements include roughly $90 million in annual aid for the state ofArmenia; maintenance of Section 907 ofthe Freedom of Support Act, which blocks aid to Armenia's rival Azerbaijan; the stalling of an arms deal with Turkey; and increased support for official US governmental recognition ofthe Armenian genocide of 1915-1921. This case study ofArmenian lobby groups in the US argues that the amount of aid and support for Armenia and Armenian issues is best explained by the intense lobbying efforts ofArmenian­ Americans in the United States. The lobbying success of this small US minority is largely the result oftwo factors: an intense inter-community rivalry between two factions within the Armenian-American population, which has led to hyper-mobilization ofthis ethnic group's resources, and the formation of key alliances in Washington including members of Congress and other lobby groups and organizations. Divided They Conquer: The Success of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies in the US[l] Heather S. Gregg[2]

I. Introduction

Within the last decade, Armenians lobby groups in the United States have achieved considerable success in gaining political and material support from Congress. Such achievements include roughly $90 million in annual aid for the state of Armenia, maintenance of Section 907 ofthe Freedom of Support Act, which blocks aid to Armenia's rival Azerbaijan, the stalling of an arms deal with Turkey, and increased support for official US government recognition ofthe Armenian genocide of 1915-1922.

The degree of Congressional support to the republic of Armenia and Armenian issues is surprising. Armenians number only around 1 million in the United States and, although concentrated in states such as Massachusetts and California, their voting impact is moderate relative to other ethnic groups. [3] Furthermore, US national interests towards the Caucuses do not suggest that Armenia is the most important state to target in that region. Azerbaijan, the country with which Armenia has an active land and border dispute, holds oil and natural gas reserves in addition to a passage for transport of these fuels to Turkey, a littoral state. Turkey, a historic and contemporary foe ofthe Armenians, is a regionally important NATO member and US ally. In addition, Armenia has received considerable US aid despite waves of undemocratic practices, such as banning political parties, media censorship, and the occupation of 10% of Azerbaijan, not including the Armenian exclave ofNargorno Karabakh.[4] It, therefore, is hard to argue that Washington supports Armenia as a reward for its democratic and human rights practices. What, then, explains the degree of Washington's interest in Armenia and Armenian issues? This paper argues that the amount of aid and support for Armenian issues is best explained by the intense lobbying efforts of Armenian-Americans in the United States. The lobbying success of this small ethnic minority is largely the result oftwo factors. First, an inter-community rivalry within the Armenian-American population represented by two lobby groups in Washington, the Armenian National Committee ofAmerica (ANCA) and the Armenian Assembly ofAmerica (the Assembly), has led to hyper-mobilization ofthis ettmic group's resources. Their different approaches to lobbying have mobilized more Armenians than one organization alone and have doubled outreach projects and resources on Armenian issues, magnifying the Armenian presence in the US. Second, the Armenians have formed key alliances in Washington including members ofCongress, other lobby groups and organizations, and the bipartisan Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues in the House ofRepresentatives, which has rallied behind Armenian policy objectives. Together, hyper-mobilization and alliance building have allowed the Armenians considerable success in achieving specific policy objectives.

The first section ofthis paper reviews literature on ethnic lobbies in the US. It argues that more case studies are needed to test hypotheses posited by scholars on the strategies and successes of ethnic lobbies in influencing US foreign policy. The second section traces the history ofthe schism within the Armenian-American community and highlights the history ofArmenian political activism in the US. The third section describes the formation of Armenian ethnic lobbies, their methods of outreach to Armenian-Americans and the general public, and the policy objectives and strategies of the two Armenian lobby groups in the US, ANCA and the Assembly. The fourth section offers concluding remarks on what the Armenian case suggests about the impact of ethnic lobbies on US foreign policy in general.

II. Literature on Ethnic Lobbies in the US

The end of the Cold War has sparked intense academic and policy debates on the direction and aims of US foreign policy. One aspect of that debate has centered on the role of ethnic groups in influencing foreign policy and determining the national interest. Two broad camps are visible in this debate: those that see ethnic lobbies as highly influential and a threat to US foreign policy and the national interest, and those that see these groups as moderately influential but largely good, promoting American interests abroad. This section argues that both of these camps offer hypotheses on ethnic lobbies but provide no in-depth case studies to test these claims. Therefore more rigorous case studies are needed in order to measure the degree to which ethnic lobbies influence US foreign policy and how that influence is attained.

The first camp on ethnic lobbies, headed by Samuel Huntington and Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., argues that the rise of US ethnic groups in the foreign policy arena stems from diversity within America's population and is a threat to the national interest. Huntington asserts that the Cold War united the American people under the threat from a common enemy, the Soviet Union. The passage of this foe has left American society and its government in a state ofnational "disintegration," which, in tum, has thrown into question what our interests should be.[5] This state of disintegration has been reinforced by post Cold War immigration to the US and the rise of "the cult of multiculturalism," whose proponents "deny the existence of a common culture in the United States, denounce assimilation, and promote the primacy of racial, ethnic, and other subnational cultural identities and groupings."[6] The rise of ethnic lobbies in the US is an outgrowth of these international and domestic changes. Although Huntington acknowledges that the interests of ethnic lobbies can coincide with the national interest, he also claims that they are "often pursued at the expense ofbroader interests and American relations with long­ standing allies."[7] Ethnic lobbies, therefore, pose a threat to US foreign policy aims and articulation ofthe national interest. This viewpoint is echoed by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.[8]

Tony Smith offers a more nuanced yet equally as cautionary argument about ethnic lobbies in the US. Smith, like Huntington and Schlesinger Jr., posits that ethnic lobbies affect US foreign policy decision-making considerably and that their impact on the national interest may be more negative than positive.[9] However, Smith looks not only at the ethnic composition ofthe US but also the structure of its political system as an explanation for how ethnic lobbies gain influence in Washington. Smith argues that "the structure ofthe American political system, as much as the character of particularistic social forces, explains the importance of ethnic groups in the formulation of American foreign policy."[ 10] Smith delineates three ways in which lobbies gain influence in Washington: through votes; campaign finance; and by creating an "organizational body" that articulates demands, mobilizes its constituents, and forms alliances with other groups.[11]

The second camp, headed by Yossi Shain, contends that the rise of ettmic lobbies in post-Cold War US foreign policy-making is a good thing; it is a sign that these groups have achieved "a respectable position in American life today" and that they want to acquire, "a meaningful voice in US foreign affairs."[12] Shain argues that ethnic lobbies are useful for promoting US values back in the homeland: democracy, self-determination, human rights and other liberal values. [13] For proponents ofthe "democratic peace theory"-the argument that liberal democracies do not fight each other and therefore the spread of democracy will create a "zone of peace" among like-nations---ethnic lobbies serve US interests by spreading democracy and thus peace.

A slightly different variant ofthis argument is posited by Michael Clough.[14] He contends that US Cold War foreign policy was determined by a small group of elites but that the post-Cold war strategic environment, coupled with increases in immigration to the US and advances in communications, has opened foreign policy-making up to a wider body ofthe population, including ethnic groups. The rise of "grass roots" organizations in the foreign policy arena is not a threat to the national interest but rather the fulfillment of democratic participation in a nation's destiny. These groups' participation should be welcomed and accommodated by the US government, Clough argues.

Whether ethnic lobbies are "good" or "bad" for articulating the national interest is difficult to measure by any objective standards. This debate, therefore, will not be addressed in this paper. Measuring the impact of ethnic lobbies on determining US foreign policy is a more plausible endeavor. Although, as most scholars of ethnic lobbies will contend, foreign policy-making is an over-determined process, it is very difficult to say with certainty what domestic and international factors cause foreign policy decisions. [1 5] Nevertheless, the debate on ethnic lobbies and their impact on foreign policy can be advanced by delving into case studies on particular groups and by exploring the history and organization of specific ethnic lobbies, the agendas they set, and their strategies for realizing their objectives.

There are almost no in-depth case studies on particular ethnic lobby groups in the US.[ 16] The notable exception is research done on pro-Israel lobby groups, particularly the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).[I7] Of particular importance to the debate on how ethnic lobbies organize and influence the foreign policy process is David Howard Goldberg's Foreign Policy and Ethnic Interest Groups.[I8] Goldberg's research compares the rise of pro-Israel lobby groups in the US, particularly AIPAC, with the pro-Israel force in Canada, the Canada­ Israel Committee (CIC). He considers the organization of the lobby groups, their ties to Israel and to pro-Israel constituencies in the US and Canada, leadership within the lobbies, the policy­ making processes ofthe US and Canadian governments, the networks these groups created, and their successes and failures in implementing their goals.

This paper seeks to help fill the gap in the literature on ethnic lobbies by offering another case study, specifically by process-tracing the evolution of Armenian lobby groups in the US. Following on Goldberg's methodology, this paper will process-trace the organization of these lobby groups; the leadership they have; their ties to their diasporic constituents and to the Armenian government; and their objectives, strategies, successes and limits in attaining their goals.

In addition, this paper will test the hypotheses of Smith and Shain on the impact of ethnic lobbies on US foreign policy. First, it will test Smith's argument that ethnic lobbies gain influence through voting impact. Second, the paper will test Smith's hypothesis on campaign finance by measuring the amount of Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions given by the Armenians relative to their adversaries. Third, it will test Smith's hypothesis that ethnic groups gain influence by being organized, articulating clear demands, mobilizing their constituents, and forming alliances with other groups. Finally, this paper will test Shain's hypothesis that there is a correlation between democratic practices and US aid.

III. The Armenian Diaspora and Political Activism in the US

The Armenian-American diaspora suffers from a politically motivated schism that has tom through virtually every aspect of the community's life. This split, although present from the earliest days of the community in the US, has gone though waves of heightened animosity and relative calm. The result of the schism has been the construction of parallel organizations­ churches, schools, newspapers, charities, social clubs and lobby groups-that remain divided to this day.

The early Armenian-American community organized itself around political parties, which in tum shaped religious and social organizations. Four political parties were particularly important within the Armenian-American diaspora. The first party, formed in Geneva in 1887, was the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party. Initially this movement argued for independence of Armenia from Ottoman rule.[19] The second movement, the Dashnaksutiun,[20] or Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARP), was founded in Tiflis in 1890. This group initially called for reforms within the Ottoman system, not full independence.[21] In 1910, the ARF became a political party and headed the government ofthe Republic of Armenia from May of 1918 until Armenia's fall to the Red Army on December 2, 1920. The third movement was the Ramagavar Party, or the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL), which was formed in Egypt in 1921. The Ramagavars, composed primarily of businessmen and professionals, were supportive of Soviet occupation of Armenia; they believed that the Red Army would prevent further attacks from the Turks, thus preserving a portion of the Armenian homeland. [22] The fourth party, the Armenian Progressive League, formed in US, was pro-communist in its ideology and argued that Soviet rule over Armenia would serve the region better than an independent state ruled by the ARP.[23]

The political and ideological divisions within the Armenian community widened with the founding of the Republic of Armenia in 1918 and its fall to the Soviets in 1920. These developments created two camps within the Armenian-American community.[24] The first camp consisted of the ARF, which formed the government of the Republic and was exiled with Soviet takeover. They espoused a staunch anti-Soviet, anticommunist rhetoric. The opposing camp consisted of the Hunchags, Ramagavars, and the Armenian Progressive League, which aligned against the ARF to support the Soviet take-over ofthe Republic, albeit for different ideological reasons.[25]

These divergent political movements had an impact on religious organizations in the Armenian­ American diaspora. [26] The Protestant Armenians opposed revolution and banned pro­ revolutionary rallies in their meeting houses, largely held by Apostolic (Orthodox) Armenians.[27] This ideological division led to the founding ofthe first Armenian Apostolic Church in Worcester in 1891 and the founding of an "Armenian Academy" aimed at organizing pro-revolutionaries in the community. These opposing perspectives existed not only between denominations but within the Armenian Apostolic Church as well. Tensions within the Apostolic Church culminated with the assassination ofArchbishop Tourian on December 24, 1933, as he was conducting Mass in New York. Although never determined to be an ARF plot, two ARF members were convicted of murder and seven others tried as accomplices to the crime.[28] The assassination split the Church in two, prompting the pro-ARP camp to establish its own Apostolic church, the Armenian National Apostolic Church of America. In 1957, this church was placed under the jurisdiction ofthe Holy See ofCilicia, in Lebanon.[29] Twelve of the fifteen existing Apostolic churches remained under the authority of the Holy See of Etchmiadzin, in Soviet occupied Armenia.[30]

The schism within the Armenian-American community played itself out not only in the churches but also in charities and social clubs. Prior to World War I and the Armenian Genocide, hundreds ofArmenian charities existed in the US.[31] Ofparticular importance was the creation ofthe Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) in 1906 by the wealthy Egyptian-Armenian Bohos Nubar Pasha. [32] The aims of AGBU, which remain the same today, are education, vocational training, medical access, agricultural development, and aid to the orphaned and needy. [33] Armenian historian Robert Mirak argues that the AGBU, although intended to be non-partisan, was created by the anti-ARF community, and has remained largely partisan.[34] The creation ofthe AGBU prompted the ARF in 1910 to found the Armenian Red Cross, which later became the Armenian Relief Society (ARS). Current-day ARS headquarters, in Watertown, Massachusetts, are in the same building as other ARF organizations.[35] In addition to bipartisan charities, social clubs were also divided along pro- and anti-ARF lines. The Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) was founded just weeks after the assassination of Archbishop Tourian and remains an important wing ofthe ARF.[36] The anti-ARF community sponsors its own youth movements. [3 7]

Alongside political, religious, and social organizations in the Armenian-American community, movements aimed at influencing US domestic and foreign policy also became an important part of Armenian diasporic life. Before Armenians formed their own ethnic lobbies in Washington, early political activism on Armenian issues was largely instigated and orchestrated by non­ Armenians. In particular, churches in the US and Great Britain launched campaigns after World War I to raise money for the "starving Armenians."[38] American and British missionaries to the region were also instrumental in raising awareness of Armenia and Armenian issues. [39] In addition, women's organizations such as the WCTU in Britain and the US took up the Armenian cause, sponsoring rallies and fundraisers, writing to politicians, and even traveling to areas where Armenian refugees were amassed to provide aid. [40]

In addition to outside support, the Armenian-American community also confronted Washington with its concerns. The earliest Armenian political activism, somewhat ironically, was aimed at blocking Armenian immigration to the US. In the late 1880s, Armenians in Worcester petitioned the "Turkish legislation in Washington" with the aim of blocking further immigration of Armenians. Economic hardships in the US and fears about the survival of an Armenian presence in the Old World inspired these measures. The petition succeeded in blocking 30 Armenians en route to the US.[41] Prior to World War I, efforts by the AGBU, the ARF, and the Armenian National Assembly, an organization in Constantinople, sought to keep Armenians in the homeland by providing funds for subsistence and general discouragement of emigration.[42]

After the Genocide, Armenians in the US joined forces with other groups to thwart the restoration of economic and diplomatic ties between the US and the new Republic ofTurkey. The American Committee Opposed to the Lausanne Treaty, a pro-Armenian body of Congress members, clergy, charity organizations, and Armenian-Americans, organized to block ratification of normalized relations with Turkey. [43] The Committee succeeded in preventing the treaty's ratification in the Senate. In 1927, the State Department negotiated the restoration of ties between the two countries through an "exchange of notes" between diplomats. [44] Despite rigorous opposition from members of the Committee, Turkey and America exchanged ambassadors in May of 1927, thus reestablishing diplomatic ties. The Senate approved these actionspostfacto in 1928.[45] Pro-Armenian activism also mobilized to ensure Genocide survivors' entrance to the US. Beginning in the 1920s, Congress passed legislation aimed at restricting certain ethnic groups' immigration to the US. In 1927, the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act was passed, placing a quota on immigration; the Armenian quota was set at 100 per annum. [46] Armenian-Americans and other pro-Armenian groups fought to classify Armenians as refugees, which allowed them special entry into the US. [47] After World War II, the American National Committee for Homeless Armenians (ANCRA) took similar measures, calling on the Displaced Persons Act. [48] ANCRA succeeded in aiding 25,000 Armenians' immigration to the US, despite the quota system. [49]

Another important phase of political activism within the Armenian diaspora was the terrorist movement of the 1970s and early 1980s. The goal of Armenian terrorist acts was to agitate for Turkish and international recognition ofthe Armenian Genocide.[50] Two main groups associated with the ARF, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation ofArmenia (ASALA) and the Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA), assassinated Turkish officials to avenge those who died in the Genocide and to push for greater recognition of the Genocide. [51] Terrorist activities later expanded to include acts like the murder ofnine and injuring of74 at Ankara's airport in 1982 and the bombing of Orly Airport in Paris in 1983, which killed six and injured 48.[52] These acts, while gaining publicity for the Armenian cause, divided the Armenian diaspora over their methods and morality. [53] Terrorism lost its effectiveness as a political tool as the Armenian community and those within the ranks of the ARF became more divided over the costs and benefits of these acts.[54]

In addition to these methods of political activism, the Armenians formed lobby groups aimed at influencing foreign policy in Washington. The ARF cites the American Committee for the Independence ofArmenia (ACIA), formed in 1918, as their first lobby group. [55] Their current lobby organization, the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), evolved from the ACIA. In 1972, influential members in the anti-ARF community in the US founded the Armenian Assembly ofAmerica (the Assembly) with the hope of forming "a new Armenian organization in which leaders from various Armenian groups would participate for the benefit of the community as a whole."[56] To date, these two lobby groups continue to function independently of one another. [57] Their aims, strategies and achievements will be discussed below.

IV. The Rise of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies

The creation ofArmenian ethnic lobbies in the US is another example ofparallel organizations created by the ideological schism within the Armenian-American community. This section argues that competition between the two lobby groups-ANCA and the Assembly-has created hyper mobilization ofresources within the Armenian-American diaspora. Competition has promoted the causes and successes of Armenian lobby efforts because, although the two lobbies have different approaches to influencing Washington, they mostly agree on policy objectives. This section outlines three dimensions ofthese two lobby groups: the organizational essence of each group;[58] their outreach projects; and their policy objectives.

A. Organizational Essence-History, Structure, Mobilization, and Alliances

ANCA and the Assembly are very different organizations in their histories and goals. ANCA traces its origins back to the American Committee for the Independence ofArmenia (ACIA), the organization that lobbied on behalf ofthe ARF-governed Republic ofArmenia, beginning in 1918.[59] As noted earlier, the Hunchags, the Progressive League, and those aligned with Noubar Pasha (the AGBU and, later, the Ramagavars) contested the ARF-run Armenian government. This contestation led to two delegations of Armenians at the post-World War I conferences of Versailles and Sevres, and two delegations at the post-World War II conference in San Francisco. In the US, however, there was only one organized lobby group for Armenian issues, the ARF-backed ACIA and its successor ANCA. The presence of only one Armenian lobby group held until 1972.

In 1972, two Armenian-American professors at George Washington University hatched the idea of a new lobby group that would incorporate other already-existing Armenian organizations. These scholars, together with two Armenian attorneys from Boston, approached two prominent Armenian-American businessmen, Stephen Mugar and Hirair Hovnanian, who agreed to financially back the plan. [60] Their million-dollar donations were followed by numerous contributions from prominent Armenian-American professionals and business people.[61] Today they boast "investments" of$13,134,187.[62]

Although the Assembly named as one of its primary goals to create "an organization for all Armenian-Americans," the founding of the Armenian Assembly ofAmerica is another chapter in the rivalry between pro- and anti-ARF groups in the United States. The key founding members were contributors to the AGBU, the largest remaining anti-ARF organization. Mugar, the creator of the Star Market chain in Massachusetts, was a prominent New England philanthropist who had donated large sums of money to Boston-area universities and the AGBU.[63] Richard Hovannisian, a prominent scholar of Armenian history and founding member ofthe Assembly, was also an active member of the AGBU.

The differing goals ofANCA and the Armenian Assembly reflect the ideological split between the two groups. ANCA and the ARF define their overarching goal as "a unified, free, and independent Armenia."[64] This comes from the platform ofthe 1919 ARF-headed Armenian government, which called for territorial and ethnic unification of Armenians in the region. [65] They also speak in terms of "a just solution to the Armenian Cause" (Hai Tahd in Armenian) and call for "a resolution of all the political, moral, and legal implications associated with [a just resolution],"[66] From this imperative, ANCA delineates three main goals: "to foster public awareness in support of a free, united and independent Armenia; to influence and guide US policy on matters of interest to the Armenian-American community; and to represent the collective Armenian-American viewpoint on matters of public policy, while serving as liaison between the community and their elected officials."[67] The Assembly's goals, although less clearly stated than ANCA's, tend to parallel US foreign policy ideals. The Assembly states a primary goal as the "commitment to prevent genocide and promote human rights..."[68] Another goal is "good governance" in Armenia, defined as "participatory democracy" and a market economy. [69] The Assembly also names as a goal that Armenians in the homeland "not only survive in Armenia and Nagorno Karabagh, but flourish."[70] The AGBU shares in this last goal, emphasizing the prosperity of Armenians not just in the homeland but the worldwide diaspora. [71]

Another key difference between the two lobby groups is the way in which they are structured. Both organizations place their national headquarters in Washington, DC, and both organizations have offices in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, and Stepanakert, the capital ofNagorno Karabakh. ANCA's structure is dispersed; it has numerous offices and chapters throughout the United States. There are Western and Eastern regional offices, in Glendale, California and Watertown, Massachusetts, respectively. The Eastern Regional Office coordinates 31 local offices west of the Mississippi.[72] The Western Regional office coordinates 12 offices, mostly in California.[73] In addition, there are ANC offices in other countries including France, Italy, and Britain and a representative for the EU.[74]

The Armenian Assembly, on the other hand, is more centralized than ANCA. In addition to its national headquarters in Washington, DC, it has a regional office in Beverly Hills, California. These two offices are responsible for all major efforts of the Assembly: policy issues, relations with the Armenian government, public affairs, membership, fundraising, and other projects. [75] In addition to these main offices, there is a small office in Cambridge, Massachusetts that supports the Armenian Tree Project (ATP), a program aimed at planting agricultural and aesthetic trees in Armenia. [76] The Assembly also has an office in New York that works with UN-related issues.[77]

Furthermore, the two lobby groups' approaches to mobilization are different. ANCA stresses its essence as a "bottom-up" organization. It claims to be "the largest and most influential Armenian-American grassroots political organization."[78] ANCA stresses as one of its primary goals the mobilization of support at the local level:

The ANCA is convinced that a well-educated, motivated grassroots [sic] is the most valuable and powerful weapon we have...Each ANC is composed ofcommunity members ...Each ANC is structured to meet the needs of its local community.[79]

ANCA boasts of"over 45 chapters in 25 states across the United States---each working to ensure that the Armenian American community's collective voice is heard on the federal, state and local level."[80]

Primarily, the Assembly attracts and targets prominent Armenian-American professionals and businesspeople who support the lobby group financially.[81] In addition to maintaining intense fundraising efforts, the Assembly launched a grassroots program, the Armenian-American Action Committee (ARAMAC). The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000 cites "almost 8,000 Armenian-American activists across the country."[82]

Lastly, ANCA and the Assembly have formed separate alliances with other organizations and interest groups. ANCA names "coalition building" as essential to its effectiveness. An ANCA representative states: "The ANCA has longstanding ties to the Greek, [Greek] Cypriot, Kurdish, and Lebanese communities. We also work with various labor and human rights organizations."[83] These alliances have been particularly useful for ANCA's bid to block military and economic aid to Turkey based on human rights violations of Armenians, Kurds, and Greek Cypriots. This will be further discussed below.

The Assembly boasts a strong and unique tie with the United Nations, with which it claims to have "the highest non-governmental organization status of any Armenian organization."[84] In 1997, the Assembly's NGO Training and Resource Center (NGOC) launched a new initiative with UNHCR to "build the capacity ofNGO's dealing with refugee problems...through a combination oftraining, technical assistance, assessments, and grants."[85] In 1999, the Assembly was given special consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[86] In addition, the Assembly claims a unique relationship with the US Holocaust Memorial Museum and works closely with its staff to raise awareness on issues of genocide.[87]

B. Outreach Projects

Although the histories, structures, approaches to mobilization, and alliances are different between ANCA and the Assembly, their programs ofoutreach to Armenians and the general public are similar. Both organizations have created parallel publications, research institutes, and youth programs. This redundancy has doubled the resources to Armenians and the general public, thus making Armenian issues more salient and arguably engaging more Armenians than would have otherwise been mobilized by one set of organizations alone.

A key means of mobilization for both lobby groups and their sibling organizations are publications. ANCA uses a website and emails to inform its constituents and circulate its position papers.[88] ANCA also publishes the monthly "TransCaucasus: A Chronology," which is available on their website. In addition, they have close ties with the Hairenik and Armenian Weekly newspapers, also available online.[89] The ARF publishes the bilingual daily Azbarez, founded in 1908, and boasts a circulation of over 500,000, in addition to website readers. [90] The ARF also publishes the daily Yerik in Armenia. [9 I]

The Assembly also uses newsletters, emails, "action alerts," and their websites to inform "government officials, members of Congress, scholars, foreign policy analysts," and Armenian­ Americans of important issues. [92] Links listed on the Assembly's website include Massis Weekly, Armenian Liberty, Snark New Agency, and the Armenian News Network.[93] In addition, the Assembly provides a link to Azbarez Newspaper, the official newspaper ofthe ARF, one of the few cross-schism links on either side's websites.[94] The AGBU publishes AGBU Magazine quarterly and boasts a circulation of 80,000.[95] It also publishes the quarterly Ararat and several other periodicals in French, Armenian and Spanish.[96]

Another means of outreach are US research institutes devoted to Armenian issues. The Zoryan Institute for Contemporary Armenian Research and Documentation, Inc. was founded in 1982 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was conjoined with the Zoryan Institute of Canada in 1984.[97] The Institute names as its goals the "documentation, study, and dissemination ofmaterial related to the life of the Armenian people in the recent past and present, and within the context of larger world affairs."[98] Specifically, it focuses on three areas of study: the Genocide, the diaspora, and Armenia. With the University of Toronto the Institute co-publishes Diaspora: A Journal o/Transnational Studies, a quarterly journal. It also holds seminars on Armenian issues, collects data and archival material, and makes its resources open to "scholars, writers, journalists, film-makers, government agencies, and other responsible organizations by special arrangement."[99] The Institute is funded by private donations from "'well-educated professionals' and 'business owners."'[1 00]

The Assembly founded the Armenian National Institute (ANI) in 1997 with the goal of raising public awareness on the Armenian Genocide and seeking legal retribution for victims of the Genocide.[IOI] To this end it holds conferences and forums on the Genocide. ANI is currently collaborating with the Facing History and Ourselves Foundation on a project aimed at developing school curricula on the Genocide. In addition, ANI is working on The Encyclopedia 0/Genocide, in collaboration with Holocaust scholars. ANI claims a special relationship with the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, with which it is working to develop the Armenian Holocaust Museum and Memorial in Washington, DC.[102]

Mobilizing Armenian-American youth is another important feature of both lobby groups. ANCA and the ARF support the Armenian Youth Federation (AYF), which was founded in 1933. The AYF names its primary goal as "hayabahbanoum" or "keeping Armenians Armenian" and "instilling in them pride in their heritage."[103] The AYF achieves these ends through education on Armenian history and issues, annual Olympics between different regions and chapters of the organization, language courses, political activism, and cultural functions.[104] In addition, they have a summer camp, Camp Haiastan, which hosts hundreds of young Armenian-Americans each year. They also offer college scholarships for its members. In addition, ANCA supports an internship program within its major offices for college-aged Armenian-Americans.[105]

The Assembly offers several programs geared at motivating Armenian-American youth. They have a summer internship program, launched in 1997, that pairs college students with members of Congress, federal agencies, NGOs, "media outlets," and think tanks. [1 06] In 1999, the Assembly began a summer internship program that places Armenian-American students in offices in Yerevan.[107] In addition, the AGBU offers several programs that target youth and young professionals. They run 24 primary, secondary, and preparatory schools in addition to international "Saturday schools" that teach Armenian history, culture, and language, including six in the United States.[108] They offer scholarships internationally and a special graduate student loan program in the United States.[1 09] The AGBU have a Young Professional's Club, established in Los Angeles in 1995, aimed at creating an international network of young Armenian professionals and linking that network with young professionals in Annenia.[ll 0] In addition, they also hold a biennial international athletics event and a have summer camp, Camp Nubar, in New York and several other camps internationally.[lll] See chart A for a summary of Armenian-American resources.

Finally, it is important to note that the devastating earthquake that hit Armenia on December 7, 1988 mobilized both sides of the Armenian-American community for political and humanitarian action. The earthquake has been named as a key turning point in the mobilization of the Armenian diaspora for the homeland. One scholar notes: "Many men and women of Armenian descent who had not been active in communal structures brought in their contributions."[112] For example, famous Hollywood attorney Paul Krekorian first got involved with the Armenian community in Los Angeles in response to the earthquake. Today he is an active political and social advocate for Armenian issues and supports the efforts of the Armenian Assembly and the AGBU.[113] In addition, both lobby groups rallied for US aid to help the survivors.[114] Various Armenian and non-Armenian charities also organized fundraisers. There was even an attempt to send building materials to the region for reconstruction.[115] Chart A: Armenian-American Lobby Groups and Their Resources

ANCA The Assembly History Lobbying Arm of ARF Largely from the AGBU Charities ARS AGBU Primary Goal "Unified, Free and Independent Armenia" Democracy, economic development, Prosperity Targets of mobilization Grass-roots Initially money generating elites, added grass-roots (ARAMAC) in 1990s Alliances Kurds, Greeks, Greek Cypriots, Unions US Holocaust Memorial Museum, UN Youth Programs (with ARF) § AYF,1933 § Summer camp aid as long as Azeri hostilities towards Armenians continue and the Azeri blockade against Armenia persists.[148] Section 907 has remained in place, despite rigorous campaigning from opposition lobbies, most notably 14 oil companies, the Turkish Caucus, and pro-Israel 10bbies.[149] These groups promote abolition of Section 907 and the full implementation ofthe Silk Road Strategy Act, which calls for support to Azerbaijan and neighboring central Asian states, particularly to develop their economies in order to balance against Iran, China, and the threat ofIslamic fundamentalism. [150] In 1999, Section 907 barely survived a vote in the Senate.[151] In October of2001, in light ofSeptember 11, the Senate passed a bill with near unanimity that "allows the President to waive the restriction of assistance for Azerbaijan if the President determines that it is in the national security interest ofthe United States to do so."[152] In particular, it is argued that countering the spread of militant Islam supercedes all other regional concerns. The Foreign Aid Bill for FY 2003 gave the President the ability to waive Section 907 indefinitely if he so chose. [153] In late January 2002, President Bush exercised this option and, despite intense Armenian resistance, opened the door to potential American aid for Azerbaijan.[154]

Both ANCA and the Assembly rigorously lobbied for the creation of Section 907 in 1992 and continue to lobby for its maintenance. Both lobby groups use similar strategies and tactics to ensure 907's survival, namely bipartisan congressional backing and letter writing campaigns to encourage support ofthe Section. On March 28,2001, ANCA representative Aram Sarafian testified before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations in support of Section 907, stating:

The ANCA supports the law restricting US assistance to the government of Azerbaijan and actively opposes any effort to weaken, waive, or eliminate this prohibition. Any effort to circumvent the intent ofthis provision of law, particularly during the ongoing negotiations, will be viewed by the Azerbaijani government as a clear signal for renewed aggression.[155]

The Assembly also rigorously backs Section 907 stating: "Section 907 places reasonable restrictions on US assistance to the Government of Azerbaijan while it continues to blockade Armenia and Nagorno Karabagh...Despite various attempts to further weaken Section 907, the Assembly and our allies in Congress were able to maintain Section 907 in its current form."[156]

There is a tight correlation between members ofthe Armenian Caucus and those voting to uphold Section 907. In particular, a September 1998 vote in the House to repeal Section 907, which was defeated, shows a close correlation between Caucus members and votes to defeat the amendment of Section 907.[157] Therefore alliances formed through the Caucus appear to provide strong support for legislation that supports Armenian causes. In contrast, financial contributions, such as Political Action Committee (PAC) donations to Congressional candidates, appear to have had little influence on voting behavior on Section 907. Oil PACs contributed, on average, $6,870,672 biennially to members of Congress, whereas Armenian PACs contributed only $26,681 biennially.[158] Therefore, the success of Armenian lobbies in maintaining Section 907 does not appear to be driven by financial contributions. 4. Aid to Armenia

Securing US financial and technical aid to the liberated Republic of Armenia has been a priority of both ANCA and the Armenian Assembly. The push for aid to the republic was prompted by the December 7, 1988 earthquake that killed over 25,000 Armenians, injured 19,000 and left more that 500,000 homeless.[159] In addition to raising money for the victims of the earthquake, both ANCA and the Assembly lobbied for federal aid to the tledgling republic, particularly as Azerbaijan and Turkey imposed blockades on Armenia, stunting the reconstruction process.[160] Both ANCA and the Assembly claim credit for securing a minimum of $90 million to Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh annually, earning Armenia the nick-name the "Israel of the Caucuses." In 1999, Congress attempted to reduce Armenian aid to $75 million. Through the efforts ofthe Caucus, the $90 million minimum was maintained. [161 ] In 2001, the lobby groups claimed victory in persuading the US Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations to maintain the $90 million for Armenia. In fact, the FY 2003 Foreign Aid Bill kept the $90 million in economic aid while adding, for the first time, military aid totaling more than $4 million.[162]

ANCA, the Assembly, and their sibling organizations raise and secure aid for Armenia in similar ways. On March 28, 2001, an ANCA representative testified before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations regarding Armenian issues. He stated: The ANCA supports at least the same percentages of funding for the southern Caucasus region and Armenia as in fiscal year 2000 ...This appropriation will help offset the devastating effects of the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades and help continue Armenia's political and economic transition. Specifically...[US aid will support] the economy and infrastructure, further strengthen democratic institutions, and meet the country's current development and humanitarian needs. [163]

ANCA claims credit for the maintenance of aid to Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh through its efforts to "educate" the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and through its grassroots approach of encouraging Armenians nationwide to contact members of congress and encourage them to back aid legislation. [164]

The Assembly also claims success for the level and maintenance ofaid to Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh. In addition to the $90 million annually, the Assembly takes credit for securing an additional $15 million as a "start-up fund" for a Synchrotron Light Source Particle Accelerator (SESAME).[165] The AGBU has also received a federal grant of $9 million to go toward the endowment ofthe American University ofArmenia in Yerevan.[166] In addition, the Assembly initiated an NGO Training and Resource Center (NGOC) in 1994, which seeks to "help Armenians and their recently established organizations shape positive social, political and economic transformation in Armenia."[167] Since its inception, NGOC has provided 140 micro-grants to regional NGOs to implement projects.[168]

5. Block Arms Deals to Turkey and Caspian Pipeline Project There are two principal policy objectives for which ANCA appears to be lobbying: blocking arms deals to Turkey and withholding US taxpayer funding for the Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline, which bypasses Armenia. As a NATO ally, Turkey is the recipient of considerable military aid from the US. ANCA, together with Kurdish and Greek lobby groups, have called for the suspension of US military and economic aid to Turkey under the Humanitarian Aid Corridor Act, designed to block aid to any country that obstructs US aid to a third country.[169] Turkey, together with Azerbaijan, is cited as imposing a blockade on Armenia that prevents humanitarian assistance from reaching people in these areas. ANCA further calls for withholding military aid to Turkey under the Code of Conduct legislation, which restricts arms sales based on human rights abuses. Specifically, ANCA names Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide, their treatment ofKurds, the blockade on Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh, their occupation ofNorthern Cyprus, and their treatment ofChristians within their borders as grounds for prohibiting arms sales.[] 70]

More recently, ANCA has launched a campaign aimed at thwarting US aid to build a pipeline that would transport oil from the Caspian Sea through Azerbaijan to the port ofCeyhan in Turkey. The Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline has been a US prospect since the early 1990s, but the aims ofthe second Bush administration to develop new sources of energy have renewed interest in the project.[171] ANCA opposes the pipeline because it bypasses Armenian territory, thus denying the state revenue from transport fees. Four congressional members ofthe Armenian Caucus introduced House Resolution 162 in June of2001. It calls for: not subsidizing any pipeline that would prevent integration ofArmenia into the region; a feasibility study of cost and efficiency of routes including a trans-Armenian route; and an evaluation ofthe pipeline's cost efficiency.[172] See Chart B for a summary of Armenian-American policy objectives.

In sum, despite their differences, ANCA and the Assembly present a unified front in Washington. Armenian lobbying efforts are strengthened by two factors. First, the groups have important congressional allies, most notably the bipartisan House Armenian Caucus, Democratic and Republican Armenian groups, and key members ofCongress sympathetic to Armenian issues. Second, the presence ofallies is strengthened by the Armenian lobbies' unified policy objectives: recognition of the genocide, independence and aid for Nagorno Karabakh, maintenance of Section 907, and aid to Armenia. However, despite unity in objectives, the methods for attaining these policy goals do differ between ANCA and the Assembly. The result is varying means concentrated on similar ends, arguably increasing the exposure and effectiveness ofArmenian lobbying on Capitol Hill. v. Conclusion

The success ofthis small ethnic minority in achieving its policy goals suggests the following about US ethnic lobbies in general. First, the size ofan ethnic group does not necessarily determine its ability to influence the foreign policy process in the US. Armenians are few relative to other ethnic groups and yet have achieved remarkable lobbying success. This further suggests, in response to Smith's first hypothesis, that electoral politics are not the most important factor for determining an ethnic group's influence in Washington. The Armenian­ American population is small in number and concentrated in a few locations, such as southern California, Massachusetts, parts of New York and New Jersey, and with small constituencies in Florida and Illinois. Therefore, concentrations of Armenians have only a slight impact on a few congressional elections.

Second, in response to Smith's second hypothesis that ethnic lobbies gain influence through campaign finance, the Armenian case demonstrates that an ethnic lobby group need not have vast sums of money to assert influence in Washington. The oil lobbies vastly outspend the Armenians in PAC contributions, and yet the Armenian lobbies have continued to keep legislation in place that prevents federal funds from aiding oil exploration and production in Azerbaijan. Armenian lobbies, therefore, exert their influence by means other than campaign finance.

Third, Armenian lobby success does appear to be dependent on its high degree of organization, its clearly stated policy demands, and its alliance building within Congress, such as the Armenian House Caucus, and its networking with other lobbies and organizations. In addition, the Armenian's ability to hyper-mobilize support both among its constituents and within Washington, aided by internal competition between a divided community, has contributed to its lobbying efforts. Together with its external allies, the Armenians have secured considerable lobbying success in Washington.

Fourth, US attention to Armenia does not appear to be dependent on that country's democratic practices. US aid to Armenia began with the earthquake of 1988 and has continued through the 1990s. The Armenian government has a spotty record for democratic practices. They have supported an armed uprising in Nagorno Karabakh that has resulted in the occupation of ten-percent of Azerbaijan in addition to the Armenian exclave. Furthermore, the government has been plagued with corruption problems, it has banned and jailed key members of the ARF from 1994-1998, and has censored the media. These are not the workings of a liberal democracy. Chart B: Policy Objectives and Methods

ANCA Assembly Recognition of the Genocide § State and City level § International Recognition § Demanding land and reparations § Cooperate with US Holocaust Museum § Armenian Holocaust Museum § Insurance claims Nagorno Karabakh § Lobby for US recognition and aid § Lobby for international recognition § State recognition of independence § Eventual Reunification § Men and materiel to fight for independence § Lobby for US recognition and aid Section 907 § Bipartisan backing for maintenance § Bipartisan backing for maintenance Aid to Armenian § Minimum $90 million through bipartisan backing § Minimum $90 million through bipartisan backing § Additional federal aid through AGBU projects Block Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline § Call for Armenia to be included in the pipeline project § Call for feasibility study for alternate routes

Block arms deals with Turkey § Work in alliance with Kurds, Greeks and Greek Cypriots § Cite human rights violations as grounds for denial § Cite blockade on Armenia as grounds for denial

IfArmenia is being rewarded for its potential as a liberal democracy then this logic could apply to any number of new states, including Azerbaijan. Therefore, it is difficult to argue that Armenia is being supported because of its democratic practices in the region.

Lastly, overall, the Armenian case does suggest that ethnic lobby groups can sway US foreign policy goals. US interests in the Caucuses do not demand favoring Armenia over its neighbors, yet pro-Armenian voices in Congress have succeeded in pushing through considerable aid to the country and legislation punishing to its enemies. The maintenance of Section 907 ofthe Freedom Support Act, which clearly favors Armenia over Azerbaijan, is the strongest evidence ofArmenian influence on US foreign policy legislation. The high level ofUS foreign aid to Armenia, which has only 3 million citizens, is also strong evidence in support ofArmenian lobbies and their congressional allies' impact on US foreign policy. Appendix A: Votes to Uphold Section 907, 105th Congress

Caucus YOther Y Caucus N OtherN Caucus Abstention Other Abstention 65 166 4 178 3 18 Appendix B: Armenian and PAC* Oil Contributions

Year 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 Armenian 29010 75 35525 43355 20250 57550 1000 Oil 7564589 8969450 6674857 7892568 8222798 6977585 1792857

*Political Action Committee. PAC statistics reflect only contributions to those in Congress. PAC statistics taken from opensecrets.org and Political Money Line.

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[1] The Rosemary Rogers Working Paper Series, and the research upon which they are based, are supported by a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. [2] Heather S. Gregg is a Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at MIT, focusing on International Relations and Security Studies. Please address correspondence to Heather S. Gregg, The Center for International Studies, E38-600, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139; email: [email protected]. The author would like to thank the Mellon Foundation for its generous financial support ofthis research, the executive committee of the Mellon-MIT Program on NGD's and Forced Migration for its encouragement on this project, and Sharon Stanton Russell for her comments throughout the research and drafting ofthis paper. [3] Statistics on the number of Armenian in the US vary greatly. For example, Khachig Tololyan puts the number at 800,000, "Elites and Institutions in the Armenian Diaspora," Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 9, No.1 (Spring 2000), pp. 107-136. Robert H. Hewsen cites the 1980 US census as recording only 308,096, Armenia: A Historical Atlas, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001) plate 270. Yossi Shain places the number at around 1 million, Marketing the American Creed Abroad: US Diasporas and Homelands, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 64. Statistics on other ethnic groups in the US show how small Armenians are in comparison. For example Shain outlines the rise of Mexican-American political activism in the US, an ethnic group that comprises a significant percentage ofthe US population (Shain: 1999, pp. 23-23 and chapter 5). Shain hypothesizes that the size ofthe diasporic community does contribute to its success in attaining its political objectives pp. 9-10. Tony Smith also makes this point in Foreign Attachments: The Power of Ethnic Groups in the Making ofAmerican Foreign Policy, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 95-10 1. [4] David Rieff, "Case Study in Ethnic Conflict," Foreign Affairs, (MarchiApril 1997), pp. 118-126. [5] Samuel P. Huntington, "The Erosion ofNational Interests," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1997) pp. 28-40. [6] Huntington, pp. 31-32. [7] Huntington, p. 35. [8] Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting ofAmerica: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: WW Norton, 1992). [9] Tony Smith, pp. 1-2. [10] Smith, p. 86. Walker Connor also points to the structure ofthe US political system as important for explaining the influence of ethnic lobbies in "Diasporas and the Formation ofForeign Policy: The US in Comparative Perspective," pp. 167-179, in Diasporas in World Politics: The Greeks in Comparative Perspective, edited by Dimitri C. Constas and Athanassios G. Platias (London: Macmillan in association with The Institute ofIntemational Relations, Panteion University, 1993). r11] Smith, pp. 94-110. [121 Shain, p. 25. [13] Shain, chapters one and two. [14] Michael Clough, "Grass-Roots Policymaking: Say Good-Bye to the 'Wise Men,'" Foreign Affairs (JanuarylFebruary, 1994) pp. 2-8. [15] Smith, p. 124. [16] There is an edited volume on Greek diasporas throughout the world that touches on Greek lobbies, Diasporas in World Politics: The Greeks in Comparative Perspective, edited by Dimitri C. Constas and Athanassios G. Platias (London: Macmillan in association with The Institute ofIntemational Relations, Panteion University, 1993). In addition, both Yossi Shain and Tony Smith touch on numerous lobby groups in their books. But none ofthese works provides a rigorous case study of an ethnic lobby group. [17] Works on the pro-Israel lobby include Edward Tivnan, The Lobby: Jewish Political Power and American Foreign Policy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), David Mittelberg, The Israel Connection and American Jews (Westport and London: Praeger, 1999), and Robert H. Trice, Interest Groups and the Foreign Policy Process: US Policy in the Middle East (Beverly Hills and London: Sage Publications, 1976), to name a few. [18] David Howard Goldberg, Foreign Policy and Ethnic Interest Groups: American and Canadian Jews Lobby for Israel (New York: Greenwood Press, 1990). [19] Akaby Nassibian, Britain and the Armenian Question, 1915-1923 (New York: St. Martins Press, 1984), p. 18, and Hratch Dasnabedian, "ARF History: The Realm ofIdeas and the Evolution of Programmatic Objectives," ARF website, http:/arf.amlEnglish/history, downloaded (7/19/01). [20] Also transliterated Tashnaksutiun. [21] Nassibian,p. 18, andDasnabedian,pp.1-2. [22J Jenny Phillips, Symbol, Myth, and Rhetoric: The Politics ofCulture in an Armenian-American Population (New York: AMS Press, 1989), p. 119. [23] Phillips, p. 120. [24]Anny Bakalian, Armenian-Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1993). Both Bakalian and Phillips describe the split as "pro- and anti-ARF (Tashnag)." Bakalian, p. 94 and Phillips, p. 119. [25] Phillips, p. 119 and Bakalian, pp. 94-95. Bakalian argues that there was also a silent majority of neutrals, or chezok, that, although not playing into the partisan politics, still fell under the anti-Tashnag [ARF] banner, p. 95. [26] Armenians, while all Christian, do not all fall within the same Church. The Armenian Apostolic Church was formed in 301CE, with the conversion en mass of the Armenian kingdom to Christianity. As part ofthe Orthodox branch of Christianity, it is autocephalic and forms one of the independent heads of Orthodox Christianity. During the 19th century, Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries to the Near East converted Armenian communities to their denominations. There are no agreed upon percentages of each denomination, but Bakalian estimates the breakdown in the US at 64.2% Apostolic, 9.7% Protestant, and 3.8% Roman Catholic, with 22.3% either practicing "other" denominations or no religion. These estimates are taken from a large-n survey of Armenians in the New YorklNew Jersey area. Bakalian, pp. 64-65. [27] Another version ofwhy the Armenian Apostolics formed their own church is as follows: "One Sunday in 1888, the [Protestant] minister Asadour Antreasian spoke disrespectfully about the Armenian Church, whereupon the faithful ofthe Armenian Apostolic Church got up and walked out in protest." Archbishop Mesroh Ashjian, The Armenian Church in America (New York: Armenian Prelacy, 1985) p. 16. [28] Phillips, pp. 128-130. [29] Phillips, pp. 143-154 and Bakalian, p. 97. [30] Phillips, p. 131. [3 1]There were a series ofpogroms and massacres against the Armenians prior to the Genocide. The first massacre was ordered by the Ottoman authorities but carried out by Kurds in Sassun and Urfa from 1894-1896. This was followed by the massacre of more than 6,000 Armenians in Constantinople in 1896. In addition, there were pogroms in Cilicia in 1909, following the "Yong Turk" coup in 1908. Each of these massacres produced waves of immigrants seeking asylum. The Genocide is marked as beginning on April 24th, 1915, when "Armenian political, religious, educational, and intellectual leaders in Constantinople were arrested, deported to Anatolia, and put to death." See Richard G. Hovannisian, "Etiology and Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide," in Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions, edited by George J. Andreopoulos (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994) pp. 111-140. See also Nassibian, Chapter 1, "Britain and the Armenian Question on the Eve of the First World War." For a summary of Armenian charities in the US, see Robert Mirak, Armenians In America, 1890 to World War 1 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983) p. 173-174. [32] Today the AGBU is reported as having a $300 million endowment, see Tololyan, "Elites and Institutions, p. 127. [33] Mirak, pp. 175-176. See also the AGBU website, www.agbu.org. [34] Phillips states; "The AGBU is a charitable and educational institution. Its loyalties have always lain with Soviet Armenia and the Church at Etchmiadzin. Although AGBU'ers insist that Tashnaks [ARF members] join their organization, I have yet to find one," pp. 142-143. [35] Although in an interview with this author an ARF activist insisted that neither the Armenian Red Cross nor the ARS is political (Interview 7/20/01). [36] The AYF Legacy: Portrait ofa Movement in Historical Review, 1933-1993 (Watertown: Armenian Youth Federation, 1994). [37J See the Armenian Assembly's website, www.aainc.org, and AGBU's website, www.agbu.org. [38] There were numerous drives within churches throughout the US and Britain aimed at raising money for Armenian refugees and orphans. A few examples include the "International Golden Rule Sunday," sponsored by Near Eastern Relief and held annually on December 7, beginning in 1923. The aim was to raise funds for Assyrian, Armenian, Greek, Syrian and Jewish orphans in the Near East. A similar effort, "Save the Starving in Bible Lands" was organized by the Sunday School War Council of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. Another example was the Churches of America and Near East ReliefEcumenical Cooperation, consisting of more than 20 denominations in the US and aimed at raising aid and awareness of refugees in the Near East, and drives within Sunday schools of several denominations. See "Armenian Pamphlets" Box, Widner Library, Harvard University, OTT 3453 02. For a description of British organizations that aided the Armenians, see Nassibian, chapters 4-6. [39] James L. Barton, The Story ofNear East Relief(1915-1930): An Interpretation, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930), Chapter I "How and Why it Began." [40] Nassibian, pp. 40-50, 58-61 and Mirak, pp. 68-70. [41] Mirak, p. 44. [42] Mirak, pp. 66-68. [43] Roger R. Trask, The United States Response to Turkish Nationalism and Reform, 1914-1939 (Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 1971) pp. 37-38. [44] Trask, pp. 49-51. [45] Trask, pp. 54-60. r46] Phillips, p. 104. [47] ibid. [48] Bakalian, p. II. [49] The quota system was liberalized in 1965. See Bakalian, p. II. [50] Khachig Tololyan, "Cultural Narrative and the Motivation of the Terrorist," in The Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 10 no. 4 (Dec. 1987), pp. 217-233. [51] Tololyan, "Terrorist," pp. 226-229. [52] "Armenian Terrorism: That Beirut Virus," The Economist, August 14, 1982, p. 46, and "The dream and the terror," The Economist, July 23,1983, p. 51, respectively. [53] Bakalian, pp. 153-154. See also "UnArmenian Activitie's," The Economist, February 6,1982, p. 20. [54] Interview with Dr. Khachig Tololyan and Khatchik Der Ghoukassian, 7/20101. [55] Garo Adanalian, "Pursing the Armenian Cause in the 21st Century: An Interview with Sharistan Ardhaldjian [of ANCA]," The Armenian Weekly Online, (May 200 I), http://ree./reespeech.org/armnenian/weekly/may (downloaded 7/2210 I). [56] "About the Armenian Assembly," Armenian Assembly of America website, http:/www.aainc.org/overview (downloaded on 7/22/01). [57] Another article on Armenian lobby groups is: Rachel Anderson Paul, "Grassroots Mobilization and Diaspora Politics: Armenian Interest Groups and the Role of Collective Memory," Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 6, No. I, (Spring, 2000), pp. 24-47. [58] The term "organizational essence" is taken from Morton H. Halperin, Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy, Chapter 3, "Organizational Interests" (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, 1974). [59] Adanalian, p. I. [60] Hovnanian remains the chairperson of the board of trustees to this day. Armenian Assembly of America Annual Report 2000, "Message from the Chairman ofthe Board of Trustees," pp. 2, 25. The Armenian Assembly of America website, www.aaainc.org/overview (downloaded on 7/22/01). [61] A list of the most generous benefactors to the endowment can be found in the Armenian Assembly ofAmerica: Membership Spotlight 2000, p. 17, www.aaa.inc.org (downloaded on 7/22/01). [62] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, p. 26. "Investments" is not further detailed. [63] Phillips, p. 111. [64] Adanalian, p. 1 and Hratch Dasnabedian, "The Evolution ofthe National and Political Objectives ofthe ARF," p. 3, www.arf.am (downloaded on 7/19/01). [65] Dasnabedian, pp. 2-3. [66] Adanalian, p. 1. [67] "About the Armenian National Committee of America," p. 1, The ANCA website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 3/11/01). [68] Armenian Assembly ofAmerican Annual Report 2000, p. 3. [69] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 2. [70] ibid. [71] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999. [72] Adanalian, p. 2. [73] "Chapter Contacts," pp. 3-4, The ANCA website, www.anca.org (downloaded 7/2201). [74] Alex Sadar, "A Year of Victories and Lessons for Hai Tahd," in The Armenian Weekly Online (March, 2001) http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded 7/22/01). [75] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000. [76] This project alone boasts 6,000 donors, Armenian Assembly Annual Report 2000, pp. 22-23. [77] Armenian Assembly ofAmerican Annual Report 2000, p. 3. [78] "ANCA profile," p. 1, The ANCA website, www.anca.org, (downloaded 3/1 1/01). [79] Adanalian, p. 2. [80] "ANCA Offices and Chapters," p. 1, The ANCA website, www.anca.org (downloaded on 3/1 1/01). [81] Bakalian, p. 140. [82] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 7. [83] Adanalian, p. 1. [84] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 3. [85] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 20. [86] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 21. [87] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 24. [88] ANCA website, www.anca.org, (downloaded 3/1 1/01). [89] Adanalian, p. 3. [90] "About Azbarez Armenian Daily Newspaper," p. 1, Azbarez website, www.asbarez.com. (downloaded on 7/18/01). [91] ""President of Armenia Bans Leading Opposition Party," ARF website, www.arf.amlEnglishlHistory. (downloaded on 7/18/01) p. 1. [92] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 10. See also Mary C. Cook, "An Interview with ARAMAC's Grassroots Director Nancy Yerian Hiteshue," pp. 1-3, Via Dolorosa Magazine, www.via-dolorosa.net. (downloaded on 8/9/0 I). [93] www.aaainc.orgilinks.htm (downloaded on 7/22/01). [94] ibid. One other cross-link is the listing ofthe Zoryan Institute on the ANI's website, www.armenian-genocide.orgllinks.htm (downloaded on 8/8/01). [95] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999, p. 8. [96] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999, pp. 8-9. [97] "About Us," The Zoryan Institute website, pg. 1, www.zoryan.org, (downloaded on 7/24/01). [98] ibid. [99] "About Us: Services," p. 3, Zoryan Institute website, www.zoryan.org, (downloaded on 7/24/01). [I00] Quote taken from Bakalian, p. 143. rIO 1] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, p. 24. See also ANI's website, www.armenian­ genocide.org. [102] ibid. [103] The AYF Legacy, p. 5. [104] The AYF Legacy, Chapter 1 "The AYF at 60: A pictorial history ofthe AYF," pp. 3-23. [105] Adanalian, p. 2. [106] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 19. [107] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, pp. 9, 19. [108] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999, p. 6. [109] AGBU Biennial Report, 1998-1999, p. 7. [110] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999, pp. 7-8. [III] AGBU Biennial Report, 1998-1999, p. 8. [112] Bakalian, p. 162. [113] Lisa Boghosian Papas, "People and Programs: The New Generation Taking Cues from their Ancestors, Young Armenians are Shaking the Scene," pp. 1-8, AGBU Website, www.agbu.org, (downloaded on 7/2410 I). [114] Bakalian, p. 141. [115] "Eastern Europe's Diasporas: The Homecoming," The Economist, December 26, 1992, pp. 73­ 80. [116] ""Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues," p. 1, The Armenian Assembly of America website, www.aaainc.org, (downloaded on 7/2210 I). [117] ibid and the Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report 2000, p. 5. [118] See appendix A. [119] The AADLC website, www.aadlc.org, (downloaded on 7/22/01). The Armenian Republicans do not provide links to either lobby group. http://members.aol.com/aarc2000/info.html, (downloaded on 8/8101). [120] Correspondence with ANCA ER office, (5/18/01). [121] Sadar, p. 1, and The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, pp.2-3. [122] David B. Boyaijian, ""Genocide Acknowledgement: Why Turkey and the State Department Fear It," The Armenian Weekly Online, March 2001, pp. 1-2, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/22/01). [123] ""Position Papers: Armenian Genocide Commemoration," ANCA website, www.anca.org (downloaded on 3/11/01). [124] ""Bush Breaks Pledge to Recognize Armenian Genocide," The Armenian Weekly Online, May 2001, p. 2, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/2210 I). [125] ""ANCA Issues Statement on Genocide Resolution," The Armenian Weekly Online, February 2001, p. 5, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/2210 I). [126] ""Several US States Recognize the Armenian Genocide," The Armenian Weekly Online, April 2001, p. 1, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/22101). [127] Sadar, p. 2. [128] Yair Auron, ""Foreign Minister's Comments are Israeli Shift to Active Denial," The Armenian Weekly Online, May 2001, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/22/01). [129] The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 2. [130] The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 24. [131] ibid. [132] ibid. [133] The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 14. [134] "Bang goes another republic," The Economist, February 27,1988, p. 39 and Baka1ian, p. 100. [135] The Armenian name for Karabakh is Artsakh. [136] "As the sparksjly upwardfrom Nagorno-Karabakh, " The Economist, March 5, 1988, p. 49. The Economist states that the wide range in estimates of those killed is due to discrepancies between official Soviet numbers and eyewitness accounts. See also The Sumgait Tragedy: Pogroms Against Armenians in Soviet Azerbaijan: Volume 1, Eyewitness Accounts, compiled and edited by Samvel Shahmuratian, translated by Steven Jones (New Rochelle and Cambridge: Aristide D. Caratzas and Zoryan Institute, 1990). [137] "Enter the army," The Economist, January 20, 1990, p. 47. [138] Rieff, p. 118. Including Nagorno Karabakh, the Armenians hold 20% of Azerbaijan. [139] "Chronology of Recent Events in Nagorno-Karabagh (1988-1996), p. 5, www.aaainc.org, (downloaded on 7/22/01). [140] "Pursuing the Armenian Cause," The Armenian Weekly Online, p. 5, May 2001, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/22/01). [141] ibid. [142] Especially while the ARF was banned in Armenia from 1994 to 1998, see Rieff, p. 123. See also "Eastern Europe's Diasporas: The Homecoming," The Economist, pp. 73-80, December 26, 1992, pp. 77-79. [1 43]Armenian-American Monte Melkanian fought for the liberation of Nagorno Karabakh and was eventually killed in the fighting. He is considered a modem-day hero in Karabakh and beyond, see Rieff, p. 123. [144] "Nagorno-Karabakh: What we have we (mostly) hold," The Economist, September 21,1996, p. 53 and Antranig Kasbarian, "Planting Roots in Nagorno Karabakh," pp. 1-8, The Armenian Weekly Online, p. 5, June/ July 2001, http://free.freespeech.org/armenianiweekly (downloaded on 8/8/01). [145] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 8. [146] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 4. [147] PL 102-511, "Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992," taken from Congressional Universe, http://web/lexis-nexis.com. [148] "Section 907 ofthe Freedom Support Act," Armenian Assembly of America Website, www.aaainc.org, (downloaded on 8/7/01). [149] Smith, p. 14 and "Armenian...and presidents go," The Economist, February 7, 1998, p. 54. [150] Also called the Brownback Amendment. See "HR 2867: The Silk Road Strategy Act of 1997, 105th Congress," and "S.579, The Silk Road Strategy Act of 1999, 106th Congress," Congressional Universe, Congressional Universe, http://web/lexis-nexis.com. Also available as "Congressional Record, Wednesday, June 30, 1999," pp. 1-5, posted on the Assembly's website, www.aainc.org (downloaded on 7/22/01). [151] The vote was 53 in favor ofthe McConnell Amendment, which keeps Section 907 in place, and 45 opposed, "Congressional Record," p. 32. [152] "S. 1521 Bill Tracking Record," Congressional Universe, http://web/lexis-nexis.com. [153] "Lowey, Knollenberg, and Pallone, Call upon Congress to Revisit Presidential Section 907 Waiver Authority in FY 2003 Foreign Aid Bill," Armenian National Committee of America website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 7/9/02). [154] "President Bush Waives Section 907," Armenian National Committee of America website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 7/9/02). [155] "ANCA testifies before Congressional Foreign Aid Committee," The Armenian Weekly Online, p. 2, April 2001, http://free.freespeech.org/armenian/weekly (downloaded on 7/22/01). [156] The Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 5. [157] "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 447: HR4569,"September 17,1998, Roll Callsfor the House 105th Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov. See appendix A. [158] See appendix B. [159] Bakalian, p. 161. [160] "Armenia lives," The Economist, May 23, 1992, p. 54. [161] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 4. [162] "Lowey, Knollenberg, and Pallone, Call upon Congress to Revisit Presidential Section 907 Waiver Authority in FY 2003 Foreign Aid Bill," Armenian National Committee of America website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 7/9/02). [163] "ANCA Testifies before Congressional Foreign Aid Committee," p. 1. [164] "Lowey, Knollenberg, and Pallone, Call upon Congress to Revisit Presidential Section 907 Waiver Authority in FY 2003 Foreign Aid Bill," Armenian National Committee of America website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 7/9/02). [165] Armenian Assembly ofAmerica Annual Report, 2000, p. 4. [166] AGBUBiennial Report, 1998-1999, p. 3. [167] Armenian Assembly Annual Report 2000, p. 20. [168] Armenian Assembly Annual Report 2000, p. 20. [169] "Position Papers: Cutting US Aid to Turkey," ANCA Website, www.anca.org, (downloaded on 3/11/01). [170] ibid. [171 J "Reps ask congress to withhold US taxpayer funding for Caspian pipeline projects unless they include Armenia," pp. 1-2, ANCA website, www.anca.org, (downloaded 8/8/01). Alexander Rahr presents a counter argument, claiming that the new US strategy is to cooperate with Russia and eventually Iran for oil from the Caspian and that the Bush administration has dropped the Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline as too costly, "Caspian Oil," Transatlantic Internationale PoUtik, (2/20/01) pp. 80-84. [172] "Caspian pipeline project," ANCA website, p. 2. EXHIBIT 9 C~~'6 ~, ,R" ..' 7..' ~ ~, " ' , , "1.-,,""':t-Oi. \nll('nian c,r'ee-c-e. ,~ )0 rOllri~l (,Tl"eJ.. I (lUII~1 \/Jt OJ Dcllh \ rml'llIk.l Or~:,nil:llioll (lrgaI1l1illl<.'1l Nn\,,~);1~)"1 \1:l~,l/llll

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Foreign r\1inister of Iht, lIellt.>nic Republic l\lrs Dora Bako~annis. Athens. GU'l'ce lIonourahle i\lrs. l\linister. On the occasion of the assumption of thl' Chairmanship of the OSeE (Organization for Sel'urit~ and Cooperation in Europe) h) Greet'e. picasI' ,u"cep. our liim.'ere "ishes for the success of ~'our mission. as the Chairperson of this \'er." important International Organization for P('.ICC. safet.". stability_ ("risis prevention and conflict resolution. in Europe and the neighbouring re~ions. The stateml'nts and activities of the OSCE officials are ahnl.".~ of particular intl'rest to us. gi\'l'n the fact that. on .n OSeE m.nd.te. the Minsk Group h.. been formed_ to seek. pe.ceful settlement of the issue of the_ purel.' Armenian. former Autonomous Region ofNagornu Karabagh, in afl'ordance with the principles of internationalla"_ It should be noted that, the annexation of Karabagh to Azerbaijan in the earl." 1920s. was the result of Stalin's arbitnlry decision, while thl' population of Karabagh nt'\'er aerepted this arrangement. ..\. just and lasting solution of the Karab~lkh issue must safeguard the safet.' and ,,'iahility of both Karabakh and Armenia. The initiatives of the Minsk Group and particular!.' the efforts of the three co-chairmen - liSA. Russia. France -, in cooperation with the Presidents of "rml'nia and Azerbaijan. have already resulted. last ."ear in Madrid. to a framework of Basic Principles. Ilopefull~, in the forthcoming months. a final agreemrnl m;I." be reached. on the basis of the l\'ladrid principles and the outcome of the recent l\'losco" and Helsinki discussions. Consrqurntl.'. Mrs, ;\-lini~ter. while \\t:' consider ."our attachmrnt to the principles of internationalla" a'" unquestionable. we 'lerr unpleasantl.' surprised b.' your statement to the Alerbaijani Trend ~e\\s Agcncy on 25/12/200S. according 10 which. you" ...firml.' support the territorial inte~rit.' and sovereignl." of all States. within their inlernalionall." rcrogniu'd bordcrs." Thus. you han' l'mphasized only one of Ihe principles of the Helsinki Final Al,t. that of thl' tcrritorial integrit.', \\ithout makin~ any referenee to the other. equall.' important principle. that of the ri~ht for stlf-determination of the peoples. Honourabll' Mrs. Minister. You do realize. of course. that durin~ till' pn'sent delicate phase of negotiations. any stateml'nt in favour of the prinripl(' of territorial integrit.' onl.'. l'ontributes. on one hand. to the hardl'nin~ of Ihl" :\H'rhaijani positions while, on tht· other, discoura~cs th{' Arna'nh,n alld I\.araha~h partit" to eontinu... their partidpation in tht· proces~. as tht· fin.al r('sult is eonsidcred predt,tt'rmint·d. l\'laint.. inin:,!. tht· dt'lirah' " .. Iance bt'lwct'n the "'0 basic principles is of fundamental imporlanrL' in lht· Karab;'l~h issuL'. Tht· tno prindples arc al" ays mentiont'd in tht· statements of all the intt'restt'd p;Htit·'. ,\ few da~'s a~o.on the 19th of .Januar~' 2009. the Ell Commissiont'r responsible for Exlt'rnal J{t·lations. 'Ir, Benit,a Ferrero, \\"Idner, on her "isit to Armenia~ st~IIt'd that...... 'Yt' belie'\'e that the t"o ,idt's ,hould find a compromist, solution. in an·ordance with the principle of territorial intq~rit~ and tht, right of n:atioll' 10 't'lf­ determin.iltion.l'ht· El' is read~ to ~Issist tht· pt'at'e process". \\'e helit'\'e. therefore. 'Irs. \Jinistel·. Ih"ll .1 statement or~'ollrs. as the Chairperson ofOSCE, stressing, hoth prinriplrs ofinlt'rualionall

Thank ~-ou in ad"ance. Yours sinct'rel~. ARI\1ENIA!\ Y()tiTH FEDERATION

ARF Dashnaktsoutiun t:ongrt'ss held on "1 .. ~ 21-26 in Armenia

28 May 2008 - Ycrnan - Yerkir) - Delegales from more Ihan 30 counlries parlicipaled ill Iht· ARF I)ashnaktsoutiun congress held on l\·lay 21-26 in Armenhl. The delegates discussed the part~'s acth ities for the past four ye~lrs. and adopted resolutions for the four ~Tars to come. ARF Bureau repn'st'ntatin' IIranl l\'largarian spoke at a news conferenct' he-Id at the Christa or Mika"'elian center on l\lay 27.

He said the congress distussed thoroughl~' all the strategic Armenian issues. The congress eleded tht· ARF Bureau. comprising 11 members: Hrant 1\1argarian_ Vahan Ho\'hannisian. t\gh"an Vardanian. I)a, it L.okian. Levon ;\1krtchian. Vigen Baghumian.]\-·1krtkh Mkrtchian. Ilakob Ter-Khach~ltrian.Yigt'n Honcpiau. Ha~k Ohsabn. Mario Nalbandian. "B~' electing the t'abinet minister.~ to tht' Bureau. the congress surprised us." :\largarian said. "dding that tht, ministers "ill soon resign. and nt''' ministers "ill be appointed. lie said this was the ministers' decision. "Being.a Bun'au memht'r is a higher position than that of a minister's. and tht·~ dt'cided to n'sign to be able to fulfill their task.'!l in tht, Bureau." 'Iargarian said. 25/5/2008

First place win for Russia (272 pointsl,likrain (230 points) wins 2nd place, Grcece (218 points) will' 3rd placc and Armenia wins the 4th place. Armenia with Sirusho and her song Qele. Qcle received 199 points in the Eurovision 200S final alld left hopes for futrure. Detail results: I. Russia 272/2.likraille 230 13. Greece 21814. Armenia 1991 5. Nor"a~ 18216. Serbia 160 17. Turke~ 1381 8. Azerbaijan 132 19. Israel 124 I HI. Bosnia & Herzegovina 110 III. Georgia 83112. Latvia 83113. Porlugal 69114. Iceland 64115. Denmark 60 116 Spain 55117. Albania 55 118. Sweden 47119. France 47120. Romania 45121. Croatia 44122. Finland 35 123. Germany 14124. Poland 14 125. liniled Kingdom 14 I click here to see the score for the Ist semi final 1~11I~/2111IH ! I I MAlOY I fw't6.. !," ,~ ,r>TIO'i I >:>,,_>~J ...

'hornori:ll St.'r"ic('s and 'larcllt.'s 'Yhere dedkalNI toda~. for Uu.' Pontian Cenocitc Da~ ofl\1a~ 19. The :\rmt'ni:m Communit~ Representalin.>, partidpatted to honor th(' mentor.'" of the Grcck Ct.'noe-i1e ·HHI.OOO "h.-rims that JH.:'ri"hed in 1921. Tht.· dt.'mand of th(' Ponlian C<:'nocite to be recognized b~ th(' Turkish Stal(' pn'Yailt.'d.

24/1141211118

April 24. commemorated in all over the cities of Greece "here armenian communites exist. April 24th is the official l\l<.>morial [)a~ for the 1.500.00 Yidims of the Armenian Genocite. There where memorials and protest marflu's with the participation of the Go\,('rment. Political Parties Represenatives along with thousands of propI£' rem bering and demandin~ the re('o~nition of the Armenian Genocite by the Turkish Stale.

watch hcr(' ('vents for Grnodtr from all ovrr thr world in http:/hnndan.cc Ii\YITATlO:,\ PRESE"ITATIOI\ OF BOOK 11\ Til ESS.\LO:"iIKI Thr publifations "Papazisi" and the Armenbln :\afional Commith.>(· ofCrrlTl' hint' tht· honour ~·ou thl'~ in'"ite, in the presentation of the hookarH.I the distinguish('d Turkish \\'rih>r. 'Ir T.mer Aktsam fiHl'd. "A shameful actiorl. Thl' genocide of Armenian and the question of Turki.dl n'sponsihilit~ ", that will be realised in Thl'ssalonica, l\Jonda~ of 14 April. hour lS:fHl, in thl' room of Armenian Cultural Cl'ntn: "\'. and Y. Derzakadn" (Tsimski 139 and Antonio!'t Kama'ra ('orller). The book "ill present the 1\1essrs.s: Taner Aktsam \\ rill''''' Harris Kastanidis former minister, Dcpul~ :\ Thl'ssaloni<:a of PASOK Vc"jami" K~lrakostanogl()1I Dielhno!ogos, "ice ~la~()r of Archih'flural and Topograph~ of 'lunidpa(if.\ Thessalonica The discussion it will foordinate the Journalist ]\1r Pa\'los l\eran1zis PRESE!'ITATlOI'I OF ROOK I~ ATIIE,\;S The prescn1aHon of book in i\th('n~ "ill be realised. "ecin('sda~ of 16 April and hour 18.3U m.m.• in thf room of Old I'"rli"ment of (St"ge 1.1). The hook "ill presenl the Messrs's: Taner Akts"lm "riter E\angelos Venin'los Prokssor, former minist('r, D('put~ .\ Th('ssalonica PASOK Kaspar Gkarampetian Chairm,,111 of Arm('nian :"Iational Committn' Gn'ece !\1arios E\'rh'iadis Professor of P"lIlteios Llnin.. rsit~ rhe discussion" ill coordinate Journalist mr. S('nllim F~ ntanidis

For this book and the Taner Akram the~ s"lid: "- A shameful artion - it is th(' linal narration of org.miseci destrul'tion of Ottoman Armenian. "ritten from onl' couragl'ous Turkish acad('mician that ha.s dedieated his life in the rerording of makes. "10 "utun' discus.sion on thf histor~ will ignore this book n. - Orhan Pam uk, writer, ~obel of Litl·rature.

SIIORT CY

Altug Tan('r Akcam the Taner Akcam historian, sociologist and "rit('r. "as given birth on 23 October 1953 in the pro"inc(' Arntaha'n ofTurke~·. After"ards his condemnation b~' Turkish court in imprisonment of nint· years for his entanglement in the publiration of student n('"spaper and after "it "as adopted" in 1976 from the International Amnl'sty as cietaineL' of ron,sri(·nce. it achieved him is ceded political asylum in Germany. It has syggra'bej ten scientilir work and countless articles in Turkish, German and English. The T"lIler Akcam is the first Turkish academician that used states the term"Armenian genocide". Toda~' it teaches in the Centre of Studies of 1I010('anst and Genocide in the l~niversit~ of !\1ichigan of L'SA.

Serzh Sargs~'an takes Arm('nia's President office

09.04.200815:05 GMT+04:00 /P"nARMENIAN.l'let/ On April 9, the inauguration of Armenia'./i third President Serzh Sargsyan took place during a solemn p"r1i"ment"ry session in the St"te Aeademic The"tre of Oper" "nd B"lIet. The President-eleet swore on the RA Constitution "nd Gospel. "Assuming the offiee of thl' Pre.,ident of the Republic of Armeni" I swe"r: to fulfill the requirements of the Constitution in an unreserved manner; to respe(·t the fundamental human and civil rights and fret'doms; to cnsure the protection, independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic to the glory of the Repuhlie of Armenia "ud to the welbre of the people of the Repuhlie of Armeni"," he swore. According to the RA Constitution, the inauguration is due 50 days after the presidential eleetion. Serzh Sargs)'an won the February 19 presidential racp with 52.S I X, of\'otPs. Deadl~

OfTici~lls in Armenia and Azerbaijan han' l'lHlfirmed an outbreak of militm"~· claliihl's in "\0 ['"('gions of thl' disputed territor~· of Nagorno-Karahakh Offil"ials on both side confirmed mnltiph.· casualti(·s. including ,,\() A:L('rhaijani soldiers killed. At Il';lst on(' side said clashes were f()ntinuin~. The fi~hting appeared to be the most serious yjulation in years of the cease-fire agrel'ffir-nt beh""c" Baku and Yl"n',"an ovt>r the territory, which is dominated b~· ethnic Armenians and IOf.'iltcd within Azerbaijan. The mood in Armt>nia was alrt'ady h'nsl', "ith a 20-da~ state of emergenc~· declared in respons£> to opposition-led protests O"l'r it pn>sidential election in mid-Fl·bruar~.Skirmishes broke out in two sl'paraft> districts of northwest Karabakh, with gun lire and shelling reported in threl' villages in the Terter and Coranho~ n>gions. Armenian and Azerbaijani officials h4l\'e eaeh blamed the opposing side for initi;lling thl' rlashl's .lmid ronfliding n,'ports about ho\\ the~ began. Armenian Foreign Minister "artan Oskanian told RFE/RL's \rmenian S('rvin' th:H Azerbaijani fOHes were responsible for initiating a "Sl'f"iOUS L'hallenge to Armenian for('('s" and sug~ested more substantial militar~ hardware was involved than had been in an~ previous \'iolations of thl' 1994 rease-fire agreement that brought an end to major hostilities over ~agorno-Kar.)bakh. Oskanian accusL'd Baku of striking at a moment when Yerevan is partiL'ulad~ vulnerable. "i'h the state of l'ml'rgenc~' in place since government troops and police forcibl~' dispersed opposition protesters in c1ash('s on \lan'h I that left ,It least eight p('ople dead. n\Ve condemn this challenge. and ",e think that this is an attl>mpt b~ the Azerbaijani 'side to exploit the furrent situation in Armenia ." Oskanian said. "P('rhaps the~ thought \u' h.ld focused all of our attention on our internal situation. and that this could pro\'ide them with a pSyfhologifal ad\'antage. but this hasn't proved the fase." Baku, mean\\hile, rejeds the al'cusation from Yen,'\',,", saying it W;lS Armenian fon,'es who began the fighting. Foreign J\linistry spokesman Khazar Ibrahim told RFE/RL's Azerbaij.wi ServiN' that he believed author-ities in Yerevan dl'vised the connift in ordl'r to divert allenr;on from the "eelend ('haos. "This is a clear provofation b~' Armenia ." Ibrahim said. "The~ an' tr~'ing to US(' the situation \\hifh is taking place in Yerev.w after th(' e1('ctions and are tr~'ing to din>rt thl' alll'ntion of their citizens and population from the internal and domestic issues in onler to seek ;In e:\ternal enem~." Tension has been chronic het",een Yerevan and Baku over the status of :"lagorno­ h:.arabakh. Internationall~' moniton,>d negotiations to resolve the connil't ha\e scored minor achievements, but a final resolution appears distant. Armenian and Azerbaijani force,'ii clashed o\'er the territor~' in a 1991­ 94 war that displaeed some 600,000 Azeris and left as man~· 'IS 25,000 people de"d. Both sides continoe to claim the t{'rritor~ as their o"n. Azerhaijani President IIham ..\Ii~'ev has uSl'd his c()untr~"s mounting oil "ealth to stoll' tensions further. He has funnell'd more than SI billion into bolst{'ring the c()untr~'s defenses. On a trip to western Azerbaijan on :\larch 3. t\Ii~'ev told rcportef"S that diplomatk efforts "an' not enough." ::Idding th::lt, "to resolve the Karahakh conflict. we h.n'e to be strong. we have to be read~ to liberall' onr lands b~ milit,lr~ means, and nt> art' read~." Th{' U.S. State Department reports that hetween 30-40 people die eal'h year in Karabakh as a result of \'iolations of the eease-fire. Jf confirm{'d. however, these latest e1a~h{','ii would be the worst fighting Sl'en in the disputed territory in ~'ears, and come at a particulad~ delicate timl' in Armenian-Azerbaijan i relations. Matthe\\ Bryza, the U.S. co-chair of thl' Or~anization for SeL'urit~ and Cooperation in Europe1s (OSeE) Minsk (;roup, which overs('es negotiations on :"iagorno-Karabakh, is currentl~- in Baku, as is Ambassador Andrzej Ka~przyk. the personal representatiye of the OSeE chairman in offife. Both an' holding talks with oftidals on restoring the terms of the cease-fire. hllp:!!",w", .~·erkirty.org

Armenia Pl\l wins presidential voh'

February 21, 200S

YEREVAN: Thousands of protesters gathered in Armenia's l'apitar yestt'rday daiming a presidential elel'tion "as rig~('(.1 to hand yictor~ 10 Prime \linisll'r Sl'rl.:h ~arks~·r-l'ctl"osyan. Armenia\ flrsl pn'sidl'nt after ilHll'pl'ndl'nl'e from the SOYil't Cnion. had 21.5 pl'n'l'nt. "Yesterday's presidential elel'lion in .\rmt:'IIia "a~ condul'h'd mostly in line "ith the country's in1l'rnation:lIl'ommitml'nts," oblil'rn'rs from thl' Organization for .""'n·urit~ and Cooperatiou in Europe (OSCE) said in ::1 statement. Further impro\'l.'ments an' necessar~· to address remaining rhall('nge"i," it added. Earlier. h:.ul'har~an l'ongratulated 53-year-old Sarksyan on his victory in "hat hl' called frl'e and fair e1l'l'tiurts. ·Ier-Pl'lros~ an's supporters though refused 10 recognise the result and said they would protest until Sarks~-an's ,ictor~ "as overturned. They said Tuesday's VOtl' was marred by ballot-stuning: and intimidation of thl' opposition. Bel\n'en 15.000 and 20,000 protesters g,"on~ Ll'YOn!" and "Scr"h: h'aye!", it Reutl'rs reporter said. The~ w('re pn'paring to march to"anis thl' ('l'utr,,1 Elel'lion Commission huilding. Police kept their distanl'e from the protestl'rs. "Oncl.' again ,\t' h.',"l' had our usual shameful election," Ter-Petrosyan told the (·ro"d. "Once a~"in crude fonT has cummitted an art of ,ioll'nn' against the will of the people." "\\-e will proceed calml~ and "ith restraint, and "ith no douht ahout our ultimate victor~'." he said. Prl.'vious elections in Armenia h""'l> been follo"l"rl hy days of opposition prote.lits all('gin~ hallot fraud ..\ IH'" round ofprotl'sts will be a test for stabilit~ in ';Icountr~ whicb, in the I9911s. "as rorkl'd h~ politil':tI convulsions. Arnll.'nia is squel.'zed bl.'tween Turkey and Azerbaijan in .. region that is emerg.ing as an important transit route for oil exports from the Caspian Sea to world markl'h, though Arnll'ni

THE CONGRATULATORY LETTER OF illS 1I0LlNESS AR"'II TO TilE NEWLY ELECTED ARCIIBISIIOP OF ATlIEI"S AI"D ALI. GREECE IllS BEATlTlDE IERONYMOS II

His Beatitude Archbi.lihop leronymos Archbishop of Athens and All Greere 14, loanno~' Gennadio~ 11521 Alhens Grl.'l.'c(' Your Beatitude, \\ie heard, with great joy indeed, your election as Archbishop of Athens and All Greece. \\ l' greet, in the spirit of Christian love and fellow.lihip, this event in the life of the Orthodox Church of Greel'" and in ~'our ministry, \Ve are confident that your ell'ction "ill open a ne" page in thr modern history of the Orthodox Church of Greece. As )'ou know, long-standing relations exist hetween the Greek and Arml'nian Churches, and between our two nations. It is our firm expectation that ",ith .v0ur election these relations "ill further develop and ex pando \Vith your predecessor, the late Anohbishop Christodoulos we ha\'e drveloped fraternal re--'lations and personal friendship. \\'e look for" ard, "ith the saml' spirit of broth-'erly love, to continue our ecumenical collaboration. \\'e warml)' congratulate )'our election and pray the Almight~' God to strengthen ,you spirituall~ and physicall)' as )'0'1 prepare to assume this major re-'sponsibilit~' as head of the Orthodox Church of Greel'e. His Grace Bishop Khoren Doghramadjian, the Primate of the Armenian community in Green' will represent us at the enthronement ceremon~o \Vl' look forward to meeting you in the near future to exprl.'s.s our love and fellowship in person. Yours in Christ, ARAMI CATHOLICOS OF CILICIA

Church of Greece elects a moderate as new Archbishop Church of Gr(,l'ce elects a moderate as new Archbishop Soft-spoken reformist leronymos, Bishop of Thl'bl's, chosen in 2nd votl' Senior Orthodox Holy Synod I'lectl'd a moderate and popular churchman, Bishop leronymos of Thebes, to succeNI Archbishop Christodoulos. who passed away last month. mon'

I1IS HOLINESS ARAM I EXPRESSES CONDOLENCES ON THE DEATH OF ARCHBISHOP OF ATHENS AND ALL GREECE CHRISTODOLILOS

\r('hhi~hop of -\thl'n') :'111ft All Greece HIS 1I0U:'\iES~ .\R.\~ll rXPRESSE~CONDOLENCES ON THE DEATH OF ARCHBISHOP OF ATJlENS AND ·\LI. GREECE CHRISTOOO\ILOS .-\NT[I.L\~, Ld).moo - Archbishop 01" Athells and.-\II GreeN' Christotlolllo' passed ana~ ~('~Iuda~. lib U(llillc~s .\ram Il''\pn'ssl'd his condolcllce') in;) leiter srol ttl the Hol~ S)-lIod, IIcrcullticr Ihe Inl of the Ieller: Hol~ S~ nod Orlhot!(l'\ Church 01" CH'I'rr '\'thcns, Greece Dcar members of Ihl' Hol~ S~ lIod. \\ l' c;)mr Il) Ir:lrll" ilh 1I1'Cp ~orro" the passing:l" a~ of !lis Bl'alitudl' Archbishop Chrislodoulos, Ihe hellli of lht, Onhodo'\ Church of ern'ce, Uh HI',llitude pl,,~ etl OJ ..ignilir[llil role in gi\ing a oe" \"italjt~ to the Orthodo'\ church 01" Greece in il§ nllogdistic, !tori,,1 and ceulllcllical \\itnl'SS. He opellcd :llle" page in thl' mudern histor~ ol"lhe church, pllnkularl~ in respeelto lhl' arti' c role of the rhureh in the lilc 01 peoplr. lIis slrong commitmeut 10 thl' Gospel \'alurs und the (radiHolls of his church " ill be al",I,\ S rrllwmhcred h~ the peoph' and b~ allihose "ho emllc to kno" him. \ close rel:ttiomhip and rollaboralion "erc establishcd bet"('elllls on lor'!mal aud personal It" I'h. IIi" Bt'af;lutle h.1S ;11\\ :t,\!t npre.'lsed his ;.:re:lI apprt'ehl?tion for the dedic.Uion of Iht' \rnu'niall eomlllllnit~ 01" Greece 1M thc PI"OSpcrit~ and progrcss of Grecee. 011 Ihis sad occasion, on bl'half 01 our people and church ,HId pcrsumlJly I "ould likc to npress onr deepest cont!nlrnen to Hol:,- S:,-nod, to slate aUlhoritil's and (0 Ihe pt'oplr 01 Cn'ae. 'Ia~ Cod aCCt'pt (!Ie SOli I of His Bl'nliludc in His hl';nenl:,- kingdom. \\e h,1\ e delegated the Primale 01 our communily ill Crcl'ee, Ilis Crflee Bishop Khorell Doghrflmadji:lIl to rep.-rseul liS at thl' hmerfll.

Your in Christ ARAJ\I J n THOUCOS OF ClUCIA 7 Den'mh'" 2007 \\'ith meet,,1 of the "Golden Cross" weft' honouH'd thl' minister of :"lational Defem.'c !\:1r Van~t'lis \leim~,raki!'l. thl' minister of Internal. Public Administnlfion and Decentralisation l\·lr Prkopis Pa\'lopoulo,\ at .h(· evcnt of Armenian Scouts for the 95 years (rom its foundation in Constantinople. rhc Armenian Scouts have prl'sl'nn> in our countr~ for 85 years. honoured \-lr 1\1dmara'.:i~ as respn·t of n.·('ognition on the contribution of the Ministr~ of l'ational Defence in tht., straggle of Armenian l\ation. hut also for th(' hospitalit~ ~wd education that provides in compatriots of1h'('rs frflm Arml'nia in the militar~ faciltic!rl of Grccl.. Armed Forces. In his greetings. 1\1r r\ll'im~lraki!rl. n.·portcd the "er~ goori n'lalion.\ behH'clI Gn.'cce .md ~\rnl(.'ni<1 and in the common principles. values, ideal and visions that link the t"o nation". stres.!iied tht., consolidating rolt.> of Armt.'d Forccs of the two countries. with their deterrent forct.· can impose thc peaCl' in the region. "Greece was the first countr) that recognized the Genocide of Armenians from the Ottoman Empire. it was tht.· countr~ which recognized the independence of Armenia. was the countr~ which cnllahoratcd immediatcl~ also with good will with tht., he'" Armenia. \\ie proceed in order to con.~olidah' the peace and the safet~ in the region". said the Minister of Defense. Finall~. the \1inister pointt.'d out thc important acth'it~ that tdcvelop the scouts in tht., frame of Armenian communit~.via their contribution in preserving and transferring the hi,litor~ and culture of Armenian people. rht.' t.'H·nt was honoured with their presence. The Prelate of tht' Armenian Orthodo~ Churl'll in Grcccc. 1Ii!rl Eminent."e Bishop Khoren Toghramadjian.the former chairman of Parliament of Greece. ,\tr .\postolos. Kaklamanis. Mr. \tahram Kazho~:an - Ambassador Extraordinar) and Plenipotentiar~ of Armenian in Grcce,'. a~ well as representatives of State and Arm~.

Successfully performed the event of the Chorus "AGOI' PAPAZIAN", under the dirertions of ms Rouzanna Kirkoryan as well as the children's ehorus "Megri"' under the directions of J\1r Koar Tsimanian, of HAMAZKAIN Armenian Cullural and Educational Association in the Athenian Theatre of Municipality Athenians in Neos Kosmos Athens. The event was honoured with their presence, The Prelate of the Armenian Orthodox Church in Greece, llis Eminence Ri"hop Khoren Toghramadjian Mr. Vahram Kalhoyan - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenian in Greece. the Mayor Mr Stelios Mbenetatos of Nikaia Town. as well as other officia' and people.

• Armenia inten's'ed in de\'eloping rehttions with Creecl' 119.11.211117 PanARMENIAN.Net \Iovemher 9~ newl~ appointed Greek Amh.assador to Armenia loannis Korinfhios handed ('opit's of credentials to Armenian Foreign Minisfer Varun Oskanian. Assc,li,liing highl~ fh(' len~1 of the Armenian­ Greek relations, r\'1inister O.likanian said Armenia is interested in strengthening and de\eloping political and economic tie,li. The parties also discussed imph.'m('ntation of.ioint projects~ th(' RA 1\1F.\ pn'5s oflin' reported.

PRESS I3l'LLETIN

Thr Armenhln National Committee Green' greets the decision of Committee of E.\:terior Affairs of Amerktln Parliament of Repn:sentatives that recognizes the Genocidr of 1.500.000 Armenian from the Turks 1915.Thl' decision \\'as received ~.'esterda.y In October 2007, a date that will he supposed it remains engraved in thl? histor~', hecause it proves that neither the Turkish blackmails, neither the pseudedilemmas of American government can withhold the truth. 92 years after\\'ards~ 1.5nO.000 victims of Turkish attrocities waits for the complete compurgation. rhe ~'esterday's resolution comes in consequence in a lot of resolutions of recognition from :"Iational Parliament.'i .md Intern

ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE GREECE

Armenian National Committee of Amerifa 1711 N Street, NW, WaShington, DC 2111136 Tel. (202) 775-1918 * Fax. (202) 775-5648 * Email.anca(i;:-anca.org

I'RESS RELEASE

For Immediate Release - 20117-10-10 Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian - Tel: (202) 775-1918

UPDATED, HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ADOPTS ARMENIAN GENOCII)E RESOI.lIT/ON \"atch rhl> \'ide-o and Takl' .\l'tion :'O\,,!

\\ A~III"'iCTO",DC - \\ ilh a "ote of 27 1021, the influential panel oflhe l.~. 1I0me of H.epresenlatiws took a m,iljor Stl'p toward ('nding l" .S. complidt~ in Tnrkl.·Y'~ denial of thl' Arml'nian Gl'nnl'ide, adopting II.Res,I06, the Armenian Gl'noddl' Rl'solution, despite an intl'nsl' campai~n of thn'als and intimidation b~ the Turkish government and ils lohb~'ists in \"ashington, DC, re-porh.'d the Armenian 'ational Committl.'l.' of Ameri<'a (A:\'CA). Thl' Committee dedsion opens the wa~' for fnll house consideration of Ihl' measurl'. "The Forl'ign .. \ffairs Committl'e's ,adoption toda~ of thl' Armcnian Genol.'i(!£· Resolution n:pr·esl.'nts.:1 meaningful str(l hI" arcl n'daiming our right - as Aml.'ril'ans - to speak openl~ and hunt'srl.' ;I!wut thl' first gl'nol'idl' of the 20th Centur~. frel' from the gag-rnll' that Turkey has, for f,lr 100 Jon~. sought to impose on our nation's elecll.'d oflicial~:' said Aram J-Jamparian. Executivr Director of Ihl' A.,\'CA. "As Ameril'ans, "e mnst alwa~s remain fn'e to speak opl'nl~ ahout human rights ,md should nen'r outsourfl' our nation's foreign policy - or our moralit~ - to anothrr nMinn." "oting in support of thl' mcasure Wl're l-ll.'prescntatives Gar~ Ack('rman (D-1\\"), Ho"ard Bl'rman (D-LA). Gus Bilirakis (H.-Fl.), ~Il'\e Chabot (R-OH), .lim Cosla (I)-CA), .Io,,-ph Cro"ley (D-:'I\), William Delahunt (D-'\IA), Eliot En::e1 (D-\\), Eni F. II. Falcoma\"a"l:a (D-SM'), Elton Galle::ly (H.-CA), Cahridle Giffords (l1-AZ), Gene Creen (D-TX), Sheila .Iaekson Lee (D-TX), H.on Klein (I)-Fl.), Tom L,ntns (I)-CA), Donald Manzullo (I{-II.),l\liehad \IcCaul (H.-TX), Donald Paynt' (D-:",I), Dana H.ohrahaeher (R-CA), Ed"ard Royce (R-CA), Linda Sanchez (D-CA), Brad Sherm'IIl (D-CA), Albio Sires (D-:".I), Christopher Smith (H.­ i'd), Diane \\ at,on (D-CA), I..'nn \\ oolsey (D-CA), and Da,id WU (I)-OH.), Vnlin:: al:ainst the mea,ure Cresham Barrett (H.-SC), H.oy Blunt (R-\IO), .John Boozman (R-AR), nan Burton (H.-li'i), H.nss Carnahan (1)-\10), .Jeff Flak<' (R-AZ), ,Ieff Fortentlt'rry (R-i'iE), Lui, Fortuno (H.-PR), H.uben lIinojnsa (D-TX), Roh In::lis (H.-sq, Connie \lack (H.-Fl.), Gre::ory \leek, (D-i'iY), Brad Miller (1)­ NC), Mike Penn' (H.-I'i), T"d Poe (R-TX), lIIeana H.os-Lehtinen (H.-FL), Da\"id Scott (I)-CA), Aclam Smith (D-\\'A), Thomas Tancredo (H.-CO), .John Tanner (II-TN), and Robert \\ oxlcr (1)-1'-1.). R,-presentali",s H.on Paul (H.-TX) and ,Joe Wilson (R-SC) did not \"ote. "\"e \\.:lnlto thank Chairman Lantos, \\ho schednlrd this mt'asure for considerMion b~ the Foreign Affairs Committee ,Ind voted for its passage, ..\d'lm Schiff and George Radano"ich. thc lead authors of this legislation, Brad Slu'rman and Ed Royee, who sprarheaded the panl'l's adoption of thl.' kgislation. Armenian Caucu~ Co-Chairs Frank I'allonl' and .'oc k.llollcnbrrg, who g('nl'riltl'd the hroad-basl.'d bipartisan supporl for II.Res.106 and Arrn('nis:' Introduced on ,January 30th by R,'p. Adam Schiff alonl: with Representative Geor~e H.adano,ieh (R-CA), Con~ressional Armenian Caueu, Co-Chairs Frank Pallone (D-NJ) and .Joe Knollenberg (R-\lI), Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-CA), Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) and Rep. Thaddeus McCotter (R-MI), the Armenian Genocide resolution calls upon the I)residcnt to ('nsure that the foreign policy of the l'nit('d States reflects appropriate understanding and sensilivi1~' l'oncl'rning issues related to human rights. ('thnk cleansing. and genoddr dorumentcd in the Llniled Stall'S record relating to the Armenian Genocide. The resolution is cosponsored b~ 226 l\'1embers of Congress from 3'J states. A similar r('solution in thl' Senate (S.Res.I06), introdnc('d b~ Assistant !\Iajorily I.eader Dick Durbin (I)-IL) and Sen. John Ensil:n (R-NV) currently has 32 eospon'ors, includinl: Senale Majority Leader lIarry Reid (D-NV) and presidential candidate Hillary Clinlon (11-:"\). Over the past ninc months, Armenian /\ml'ricans and human rights advocates han' joinl'd wilh \lemhers of Congress in edul.·ating thl.'ir colleague\ about the Armenian Genodde and thl' importanCl' of proper n'l'ognition of this crime against humanit~. Thl> ANCA has mounted several national grassroots initiatin's induding the highly snl'('('ssful "'Click for .Jllslife" and "Call for .Justife" campaigns as "dl as the .... End thl' Cydl' of (;enocidl''' ;\dYol'ac~ Days. l'osponsored with th(' Genol'itk Intervention l\etwork. E:\panded fon'rage will follo\\.

11/10/2007 A US congressional committre rccogniz('d as genocide the 1915-17 mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks despite Presid('nl G. Bush's objection. The relevant text. whil'h is not binding, was voted by 27 members of the commilll'r, "hile 21 voted against. Now, thf lexl will be discussed at the lIouse of Rrpresentalives. Tht State Departmfnt fxpressed il.~ dissatisfaction over the vote.

19/09/2007 The New Government rht' nt'\\ :,.!;OH>-rnmrnt \\ a!'l s\\orll in hefore the Prt'sicit'nt of thl' Uell('nk Repuhlic Karolos I'apoulias at ]] :()() \\'t'dnesd~l~, \\ hi)r tlw nl'\\ rahim.-'t holding ih first meeting later and tht' ne\\ minist('rs will assumr tht'ir posts. :\h'anwhilt'. Prime \linistt'r Kosta~ K•• ramanli~ \\iII hold a "t'ri('s of meeting~ with somt' top ministers aft('r 13:()(). l\linistrr of Foreign Affain Donl Bakoyannis will he the first to "isit thl' prime minister. to he follo\\('d al 13:15 h~ Dt'pllt~ \linister Yiannis \ alinakis, Pt'tro~ Douka~ and rheodoro~ Kassimh. At 14:«10. Mr Karam~lIlli, will met't "ilh caretakt'r Intt'rior \linister Sp~ro\ Flog,.. itis and at 14:15 ran.·taker State \linister Rod(}lfo~ \loroni!'l..\t 15:00, the primr minj,l~trr will mt'('t \\ilh tht, Interior & Puhlic Ord('r !Vlinister Prokopi~ P~I\'lopoulo.." to ht, joined al 15:3U h~ Deput~ !\1ini_~trrs Athana.~ios :"lakos, Christo.., Zois and Panagioti.., Hinof()ti~. Finall." \lr Karamanlis \\iII meet with l"'ational Dt'fence \linistt'r E,'angelos i\fl'imarakis at 16:(10, to ht' joint'd h~ Drput~ !\linister~ K. Tasuu!<-" .. nd G. Plakiotakis. The ~r\\ Government

Econom~ and Finant'e \tinister Gt'orge Alogoskoufi."t, Foreign l\-linistrr Dora Bakoyannis. National Df'fence \linisft'r E,-angt>!o, :\leimantki" En\"ironmcnt l\-Jinister Crorg(' Sounia,_ Emplo., ment \linister \ assilis \[ag,gina,. IIcalth \linistN" [)imitri.~ A"ramopoulo\ and gon-'rnment spokesman and 1\1inist('r of Stat(' rh('odoros Roussopoulo!'l '" ill rrmain in Ih(-'ir posts. E\'ripitlis Stylianidis will h(' the ne" Education \;linh.ter, Andreas Likourentzo.\ and SP~TOS raliadouros Dcput~ Edufation Ministers: Christos Folia."t the ne", [)('\'e)opment !\1inisH'r. Sfa\'ro."t Kalafatis and George Vlachos Dcput~ De\'elupmenl Ministrrs; Alt'xandros Kontos Rural De,elopment "lini!iter, Konstantinos KiHidi.., Deput~ Rural Dt'vdopmt'nt Mini.~fer; Sotiris Hadjigakis Sotirio.., .Justit·r Minisfer~ r\lichalis Liapis the Cultun' Minisler and Yiannis loannidh Deput~ Sports 'Ylinister. Finall~. Jladjidaki.., Konstantinos will hr the nt''' Transport Minister. Ari.., ~piliotopoulo~ rourism !\tinister and lVlargaritis .Jima." Macedonia-Thrac(·l\1iniskr.

I help Greece

Learn how to Help Greece to recover from the Disaster by clicking here

27/08/2007 Death toll rises above 60 as Greece goes up in flames PM points to arsonists for worst fires on record: Ancient Olympia saved Fierce wildfires continued to ravage the Pe1oponnese and other parts of the country yesterday as authonties confinned that at least 61 people have died since Friday, marking the worst such disaster in Greeks' hving memory. It was feared that the death toll would rise as rescue servIces yesterday were unable to access several villages lhat were surrounded by flames. Dozens of people were reported to be trapped in Villages in the westem Peloponnese, Corinth. Evia and other areas. Super Puma rescue helicopters airlifted elderly citizens and children from the worst-hit \i lIages. including in the area of Zacharo, \\ here some ]7 people hay e died. One of the most heartrendmg discoYeries for rescue workers in the area was that oflhe charred body of a mother hugging her four children. The bodies of several \ illagers were found in the wreckage of a collision between a firefightHlg truck and a comoy of cars that had apparently been trying to tlee the blaze. Many villagers yesterday used hoses and buckets in a vain effort to douse raging /lames threatening their homes as they waited Jor fire service support to arrive by air and land. In seYeral cases, tire support arrived too late, villagers claimed. Water-dropping aircraft from I I countries, pledged on Saturday. assisted efforts by the Greek fire sCfvice and anny to extinguish the widespread blazes yesterday. Foreign Mimster Dora Bakoyannls yesterday e.xpressed her thanks for some 31 aircraft pledged by EU nations, Israel and the USA. Winds had abated from the gale force strengths they had reached on Saturday but were errattc. A blaze that broke out in Ancient Olympia burnt forestland around the archaeological site but did not harnl the museum or artifacts. the Culture Mimstry said. Villages near the ancient site were still burning late yesterday. A blaze that broke out on the slopes of Mount Hymettus, northeastern Athens, on Saturday morning, burning at least one home. was contained before it could cause further damage. MUnicipal officials claimed to have discO\ered gas canisters and rags soaked in petrol near the site of the blaze and locals said they heard explosions prior to the fire. Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis declared a national state ofemergency on Saturday. "Our country is experiencing an indescribable tragedy:' he said in a televised address. Karamanlis made it clear that his government believes the unusually high number of fires was evidence of plans by arsonists to create mayhem. ''1' m in rage:' said the premier. "So many fires at the same time in so many parts of the country, this cannot be a coincidence." PASOK leader George Papandreou said the ruling conservatives were looking for excuses to cover up their lack of organization. "The government is playing at being the victim and talkmg of conspiracies to cover up its responsibility for the breakdown of the state:' said Papandreou, "Greeks do not feel safe:' However, Public Order Minister Vyron Polydoras backed Karamanlis's claim. The minister said last night that Greece faced an "asymmetrical threat:' He did not expand on what he meant by this but echoed the prime minister's thoughts that the evidence pointed to a concerted effort by arsonists. without suggesting what might be their motives. The government yesterday put out a bounty of between 100.000 to I millIOn euros for information leading to the arrest of each alleged arsonist. A 65-year-old man was arrested in Oltylos. Evia, on suspicion of arson and multiple murders. A 76-year-old woman was taken into custody for causing a fire in Zacharo through negligence. Four people were arrested on a building site in Mesorachi. Evia, for alleged arson through negIigence. Dozens of other people have been detained for questioning in various parts of Greece. Meanwhile, the government announced yesterday a series of financial measures to help those affected by fires. These include an emergency payment of 3,000 euros for those who lost property and a IO,OOO-euro payment to the closest relative of anyone who was killed by one of the fires. A speCial fund was also set up so individuals could make donations. Anyone wanting to donate money can so by visiting the branch of any commercial bank and making a deposit in Account No 2341103053 of the Bank of Greece.

'News in Armenia I

President Papoulias visit to Armenia President Karolos Papoulias began a three-day stale visit to Annenia on Tuesday with talks with Arnlenian President Robert Kocharian. "Turkey should consider that it cannot pursu(' accession to the European Union with an occupation force amounting to 35,000 in a European Union member-state,(Cyprus)" President Papoulias said during his meeting with President Kocharian. "Both our countries border with Turkey and I beheve that we share the WIll for the strengthening of its democratic institutions. Greece has supported the accession course ofTurkey from the beginning, because we deeply believe that the EU sets the framework of princIples and rules that necessitate respect for international law, respect for democracy and the human rights of minorities. However, we expect Turkey's full compliance with all the criteria and prerequisites of the EU concerning respect for human rights and religious freedoms," the President of the Republic added. Asked whether there is a question of Armenia joining the NATO alliance, President Kocharian replied categorically that there is no such question since, as he said, this would not serve hiS country's security. Referring to the level of bilateral relations between the two countries, President Kochanan thanked the Greek side for the many programmes it is implementing in Armenia and in particular in the sectors of defence and agriculture. while expressing the desire for coooperation to be extended to other sectors as well. Addressing the Annenian President earlier, President Papoulias referred to the "martyred times that the two counlries experienced in the 20th century due to a common cause" and pOJnted out that "we do not lorget the (Armenian) genocide in 1915 and we are pr~ud that under the conditions prey ailing at the time the Greeks were among the few peoples who gavc asylum to the Armenians." President Papoulias also focused on the conflict between Annenians and Azeris over Nagorno Karabakh, saying that Greece supports a peaceful solution to differences. "We belie\e that the framework of the Minsk Group of the OSeE is the best for a solution to the problem and we believe that at the present time conjuncture the involvement of any other agency would be counter-productive," he said. Greece, according to data revealed in the framework of talks, is the third biggest iJl\estor in Amlenia with about 214 million dollars invested in capital, with Russia coming first and the United States second. As regards development aId provided by Greece over the period between 1'J97-2005, it amounted to 26.6 million dollars, while with the signing of a bilateral strategic cooperation document In 21l1l7 covering the 2008-20 I I period, another 8 million dollars will be provided. President Papoulias will be meeting with President Kocharian again on Wednesday and afterwards with the prime minister. He will then be planting an olive tree at the Anllenian genocide monument and later on he will be receiving representatives of the Greek community in Amlenia.

President of Amlenia Robert Kocharian signed a decree on June 8 on the fonnation of the new govemment. the Presidential Press Office reports. The make-up of the new cabinet is listed bellow.

Minister of Territorial Administration and Deputy Prime-Minister Hovik Abrahamyan (RPA):

Minister of Juslice, RA Deputy Prosecutor General Gevorg Danielyan; Minister of Environmental Protection Aram Haroutounyan (appointed by the President): Minister of Defense -Michael Haroutounyan (appointed by the President); Minister of Foreign Affairs Vartan Oskanian (appointed by the President); Minister of Energy Arinen Movsissyan (RPA); Minister of Finance and Economy Vardan Khachatryan (RPA); Minister of Healthcare Harutyun Qoushkyan (Prosperous Amlenia); Minister of Labor and Social Affairs Aghvan Vardanyan (ARFD); Minister of Sport and Youth Affairs Armen Grigoryan (RPA); Minister of Urban Development Vardan Vardanyan (Prosperous Amlenia); Minister of Transport and Communication Andranik Manoukyan (RPA); Minister of Culture Hasmik Poghosyan; Minister ofTrade and Economic Development Nerses Eritsyan (RPA): Minister of Agriculture Davit Lokyan (ARFD); Minister of Education and Science Levon Mkrtchyan (ARFD); Minister, Chief of Staff of the Government Manouk Topuzyan. Yesterday the President signed the decree on appointing Serzh Sargsyan as the Prime Minister of Annenia.

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Annenian Artist Hrair Sarkissian "Unfinished" from 26 April - 29 June 2007 Official participants in Art Athina 07 Booth A 1830 May - 3 June 2007 more in the link»

Diaspora Aritists participate in the 1 st Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art!

The State Museum of Contemporary Art, with the support of the Ministry of Culture of Greece, is organizing the 1 st Biennalc of Contemporary Art on the 21 st of May until the 30 th of September 2007.

This international initiative by the Ministry of Culture aims to place Thessa10niki and the entire country in general. into the Bicnnale art network.

Under the general title of "Heterotopias", the main body ofthe exhibitions and the artistic acll vities is accompanied by a series of parallel events, embracing a wide range of the artistic creation. The objective of this project is the public's familiarization and participation V\ ith the current art scene, thus providing the audience with a convenient and friendly access to spaces which are not restricted to the museum's walls.

The work is exhibited in the Yeni Tzami In 200T Anna Barseghian and Stefan Kristensen founded a cultural organisation based in Switzerland and Armenia. This organisation aims at promoting the developments of Armenia as a zone ofcultural dialogue and at supportmg the contemporary art of local artists and intellectuals.

The project titled "Armenography"' carne into being following interviews that these two conducted with people living inside or outside of Armenia, in places that are of particular symbolic and historical significance for this nation such as Aleppo (the first place where survivors of the 1915 Genocide fled to), Beirut (which at one point was considered to be the "capital" of the Armenian diaspora), Istanbul (one of the numerous centres of the Armenian community. at least in the 19th century). Yerevan (the capital actual independent of Amlenia) and now Thessaloniki and Athens. Furthennore. in two \'ideos Anllenian intellectuals living in the west (e,g, the director ,"tom Egoyan and others.) express their \'iews on the identity, ideology and life of the artists of the diaspora. Lastly. in a separate and secluded room. there is a screening of a tra\'e1ogue on an equally forbidden geographic area: the part of Western Arnlenia that belongs to Turkey. This is the part they call "the fatherland". which constitutes a holy pilgrimage for many Armenians Ii\ing inside or outside of the borders.

As Barseghian and Kristensen point out in a rele\ant text: "Arnlenography is far more than a mere delineation of the scattered existence of a nation. It is an attempt to contribute to the search for models that will help to construct an identity and culture that will combine three imperati\'e needs: the active redefinition of the past. instead of the regurgitation of stereotypes. the de\'elopment of collective structures. without which cultural production would be impossible. and the pre\'alence of indl\'idual research 0\ er any group values",

Illore in the link»

The works are exhibited at the Warehouses C and B I "My work is associated with a complexity of messages: with my self, with the symbolical values of the \\ orld. with the socio-political conditions and the environment in which 1 li\'e in".

Anna Boghiguian, a painter of Annenian descent, lives in Cairo, the city with which she is more artistically engaged with. She creates mainly landscape paintings, with no respect to right dimensions or proportions, having the painted buildings, roads and people intertwine with each other, trying to show in this way the noise and the crowdedness of the city. The buildings are placed on top of the other, crowded, collapsing in an ephemeral painting, a snapshot not very tounsty, but of a woman who is judging in a pitiless and cruel manner. The creation of a moment in the city's life. abolishes the concept of the city's beauty, monumentality and at the same time its historicity, producing in such a manner free, timeless and spaceless landscapes, in the limits between personal recordings and social criticism. Therefore, the elimination of every recognition, neutralizes the landscape, developing in such a manner the "city of the artist's mind". her personal imaginary city. more in the link»

Greeks press charges over Turkish flag burnt in Amlenian demo in Salonika April 24 23.05.2007 18:53 GMT+04:00 IPanARMENIAN.Neti A Turkish flag was burnt on April 24 during a demonstration in front of the Turkish consulate in Greek town of Salonika. The demonstration was dedicated to the 92nd anniversary of the Annenian Genocide by the Ottoman Empire. Prosecutor of Salonika has pressed charges in connection with this fact. If identified via photographs and video shot during the demonstration, persons who are guilty will face justice, RFE RL reports. Greek parliament recognized the Annenian Genocide in 1996.

Annenian Genocide issue - subject of active discussions in Bulgarian society 23.05.2007 19:21 GMT+04:00 IPanARMENIAN.Netl Annenian Genocide issue is a subject of active discussions in the Bulgarian society, Bulgarian Ambassador to Anllenia Stefan Dimitrov stated to joumalists. "Resolution of this issue is useful not only for Amlenia, but also for the humanity in general," the diplomat stated. He said though the bill on the Annenian Genocide was not approved by the Bulgarian Parliament in 2006, however the process of realizing the importance of this issue began to develop much more active. Dimitrov noticed the Bulgarian Parliament paid tribute to the victims ofthe Annenian Genocide, and of course realizes the necessity to resolve the Annenian Genocide issue as soon as possible. "As a historian I believe in the history and I am sure it will sort things out," Dimitrov said. A number of events were held in connection with the 92nd anniversary of the Anllenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire on April 24, 2007 - the Remembrance Day of the Genocide victims, in Bulgaria, particularly in Sofia, Plovdiv, Vama, Burgas. The next day by Bulgarian Parliament Speaker Georgi Pirinski's offer at the beginning of the ordinary session of the parliament lawmakers honored the memory of the Armenian (jenocide victims with a minute of silence. Then one of deputies introduced a declaration vv orked out by ··Bulgarian People's Union" faction. The document recognizes and condemns the Genocide. Currently a process of gathering signatures is on the vvay in the Bulgarian National Assembly, By doing that initiators want to include the declaration in the agenda of the parliament.

Armenian community of Lebanon not in danger yet 23.05.200713:45 GMT+04:00 IPanARMENIAN,Netl The situation in Lebanon, especially in the south. remains tensed. Shahan Kankhadaryan, the editor-in-chief of the Azdak Armenian-language newspaper told a PanARMENIAN.Net reporter. The Armenian community of Lebanon not in danger yet, but it"s hard to say anythlllg for certain, he said. "We have cancelled all events dedicated to the 80th birthday of our newspaper. because nobody can ensure security of our guests," Mr Kankhadaryan said. The Arinenian community will not yield to pressure and provocation. It will keep aside from the recurrent conDict, he added. Amid the tension over battles in a refugee camp III Lebanon. a second e.xploslon in as many days has rocked a suburb of Beirut May 22, A bomb went off overnight In a parking lot in the mainly Sunni Muslim district of Verdun. Some 20 civilians and 29 soldiers are reported to have been killed. An earlier report said Fatah ai-Islam had claimed responsibility for the explosion, but that vvas later denied by the group. As the Lebanese government held an emergency session and appealed for national unity, Syria publicly denied any links with Fatah ai-Islam.

No Arnlenian citizens among victims of terror act in Ankara n,05,2007 18:44 GMT+04:00 IPanARMENIAN.Net/There are no Armenian citizens among victims of the terror act in Ankara. RA MFA Acting Press Officer Vladimir Karapetyan told the PanARMENIAN.Net journalist. A blow occurred on May 22 near the entrance of an overcrowded trade center during rush-hours. in the result of which 6 people were killed and more than 100 wounded. Turkish authOrities think Kurdish militants have committed the terror attack. Governor of Ankara Kemal Onal stated a suicide bomber caused the blast. According to forenSIc experts the bomber, Guven Akkus. a 28-year-old man from central Turkey. had strapped plastic explOSives to his body. The governor also infonned method and type of explosives used suggested the man was from a Kurdish separatist group.

Arnlenian Memory conference to be held in Lyon 23,05,200714:15 GMT+04:00 IPanARMENIAN.Netl A European scientific conference titled Armenian Memory will be held in Lyon under the aegis of the French Ministry of Education and SCience May 25-26. Hilda Tchoboian, the chairperson of the European Armenian Federation (EAFJD) told a PanARMENIAN,Net that scientists, historians and experts from France. Arnlenia and other states wi II attend the conference. The conference will result in establishment of the Center of Armenian Memory for creation of a network of SImilar centers throughout France and other European states.

• Armenian Genocide Memorial Events in April. •

The Memorial Events for the 92 Years for the Armenian Genocide will be held in the City of Athens and the City of Thcssaloniki. April 24, is the Official National Memorial Day in Greece, for the Armenian Genocide.Voted by the Greek National Parliament. From: April 19,2007 till April 24, 2007 The events will include Memorial Services, Exibits , Information Activities, Speeches and Marches to Commemorate the tragic events of the Armenian Genocide, during the Ottoman Period and the Denial of Reeognition from the Turkey till OUI' days. Deadly Denial that try to silenee even in 2007 the voiees, sueh as the armenian-turkish citizent and journalist Hrant Dink that try to mention and bridge the gap of the history between armenian and tnrkish people. reconciliating with the facts of the attrocitics that took place during 1915 and lead to the perishing of 1.500.000 armenian souls turkish citizents and the destruction of the monuments and relics of Christianity in Anatolia. Ollicials of the Greek Government, the Greek Pariament, Municipalities and Organizations, together with members of the Armenian Community in Greece Main eHnts will be held Sunday 22 of April 2007 : In Athens: Attikon Hall With the presence of GOHrment Repesentatives, Greek Parliament, Judiciary Heads, Political Parties. Municipality and Local self Government as well as Representatives of the Armenian Communities. Central Speaker will be mr loannis Varvitsiotis, Member of the European Parliament and Head of the EuroParliamentary Group of the New Democracy Greek Party of the European Popular Party. Following the eHnt will he silent march toward the Monument of the Unknown Soldier in Syntagma Square under the Greek Parliament and will set wreaths in the Memory' of the Victims of the Armenian Genocide.

in Thessaloniki: "I.Vellidis" Congress Hall Central Speaker mr loannis Kasoulidis. Memher of the European Parliament and former Foreign Minister of Cyprus State. Following the eHnt will be silent mareh toward the Monument of the Heros of the Army, and" ill set wreaths in the Memory of the Victims of the Armenian Genocide.

• ANCA MARKS PONTIAN GREEK GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE DAY. • Armenian National Committee of Amenca 1711 N Street. NW. Washington. DC 20036 Tel. (202) 775-191 ~ * Fax. (202) 775-5648 * Emal1.anca(a),anca.org PRESS RELEASE

For Immediate Release 2007-05-19 Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian - Tel: (202) 775-1918

ANCA MARKS PONTI AN GREEK GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE DAY

Joins With Assyrian and Greek Communities in Seeking Justice for Turkey's Genocidal Crimes WASH IN(,TON. DC - The Amlenian National Committee of America (ANCA) joins with Pontian (,reeks - and all Hellenes around the world - in commemorating May 19th. the international day of remembrance for the genocide initiated by the Ottoman Empire and continued by Kemalist Turkey against the historic Greek population of Pontus along the southeastern coast of the Black Sea. "We join with the Hellenic American community in solemn remembrance of the Pontian Genocide, and in reaffirming our determination to work together with all the victims of Turkey's atrocities to secure full recognition and justice for these crimes," said Aram Hamparian, Executive Director of the ANCA. The Ottoman Empire, under the cover of World War I, undertook a systematic and deliberate effort to eliminate its mmority Christian populations. This genocidal campaign resulted in the death and deportation of well over 2,000,000 Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks. The Pontian Genocide has been formally acknowledged by Greece and Cyprus and, within the United States, by the states of New York. New Jersey, Florida, South Carolina, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania. and Illinois. among others.

• Armenian Prime Minister Andranik Margaryan died on March 25. • Armenian Prime Minister Andranik Margaryan died from infarction on March 25 afternoon. Andranik Margaryan was born in Yernan on June 12, 1951. In 1972 he graduated from the Teehnical Cybernetics Department of the Yerevan StMe Polytechnic Institute, qualitied as a Compnter Engineer. 1972-74 Science Fellow, later Senior Engineer in Yerevan Branch of Union Scientific Research Institute of Gas Industry 1977-78 Senior Engineer in Scientific Research Institute of Energy of Armenia 1978-79 Head of Electronic Computer Division in Electric-Technical Factory 1979-90 Head of Electronics Division in Republican Information-Computer Center at Ministry of Trade 1990-94 Head of Information Division in National Department for Special Programs 1994-95 Junior Science Fellow in State Engineering Uninrsity of Armenia 1995-1999 Member of the First Convention of the National Assembly From 1999 Member of the National Assembly, Head of "Unity" Faction From May 2000 Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia fter the 2003 elections, Prime Minister Margaryan remained ill office and headed the Coalition Gonrnment formed as a resnlt of the elections. Andranik MargarY'an was married, had two daughters, one son. and fin grandchildren.

I Memorial services for Hrant Dink were held •

The Armenian National Commitee of Greece, on Sunday March 4 2007 and II :30 am ,at SI. Gregory the Illuminator Church,had a 40 days memoriallitourgy for Hrant Dink the Armenian Journalist that was assasinated on January 192007 in Turkey. The services were under the excellency of honorable Mr. Horen Archibishop of the Armenian Orthodox Church of Greece, representatives of the Greek Goverment, and The Greek Orthodox Church of Greece, the Armenian Ambassador in Greece,as well as representatives from all the political parties of Greece and the Greek Press Union.ln the memorial also was attended hy representatives of Armenian Greek communities from others cities of Greece and many people. The speeches that followed from the speakers were focused on the Hrant Dink's sacrifice for the principles, that he use to stand for, Democracy, Freedom and Recognition of the Genocide.The bright and bran example he set to pursue the truth no matter, what the cost is and the conditions that exists. Turkey has to stop the Denial of the Genocide and to reconiciliate with its historical facts, in order to advance as a modern european nation towards the European Union, giving its minorities freedom of expression and safety, and not repeat the mistakcs of its past. We all are Hrant Dink .

lOver 100.000 people attended the funeral of Hrant Dink. • Ovcr 100.000 people attended the funeral of Hrant Dink. Thc head of the Arnlenian Church in New York City, Hajak BarsamIan attcnded the funeral of journalist Hrant Dmk, as the representative of Cathalicos Karekin 11. the Supreme Patnarch of All Armenians on Tuesday. Following the ceremony that took place at the Virgin Mal)' Annenian Church. the funeral of Dmk was brought to the garden of Patriarchate ofTurkish Annenlans that is across the church. Here. Barsamian made a speech in Armenian after the chants. The rcligious leader said, people are suffering for the big loss of an innocent intellectual who was using his pen for belief. justice and freedom. Barsamian continued that they expect Turkey to punish those who committed this crime in the harshest way and to reveal those who are bchind this murder. German Alliance 90/Thc Grecns party co-cha.nnan Claudia Roth. who was among the participants ofthe ccremony. said that high participation to the funeral and reactions of the people are positive. Thousands of people showed their support for democracy with this ccremony. said the party chauwoman. -ARTICLE 301 SHOULD BE ANNULED- Roth called for annulment of Article 301 ofTurkish Penal Code as soon as pOSSible. saying this article strengthens nationalislic movements, Turkey-ELI Joint Parliamentary Commission Co­ Chairman Joost Lagendljk said tillS murder is an indicator that the AI1icie 11 {J should be abolished. adding that Hrant Dink was not onl\ an important person for Turkey but also for Europe. Turkish State Minisler & Deputy Premier Mehmet Ali Sahin and Turkish Interior Minister Abdulkadir Aksu represented Turkish gO\ernment in the ceremonv in the Virgin Mary Armenian Church. MPs from Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Republrcan People's Party (CHPj: some religious representatives: journalists: and some diplomats including U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Ross Wilson, the U.S. Consul General to Istanbul Deborah Jones. German Ambassador to Ankara Eckart Cuntz and Greek Consu I General to Istanbu I A lex is AIexandns and Armenian Deputy FM Armen Gregosian \1 ere among the pa/1icipants of the funeral.

I HRANT DINK'S DEATH REACTIONS •

Protests have been all over the world about the political murder of the armenian turkish editor Hrand Dink who standed for the democratic refornls in Turkey and the recognition of the Armenian Genocite. and who was trying to evolve the understanding beteen amlenian and turkish nations. In Greece there were alsolprotest about the killing of Hand Dink in both cllies Athens and Thessaloniki, infront of the Turkish Emabassy and Consulate. EUROPEAN ARMENIAN FEDERATION for Justice and Democracy Avenue de la Renaissance 10 B-1 aoo Bruxelles Tel: t-322 732 7026 Tel/Fax: +3227327027 Email: contact@eafjd. org

PRESS RELEASE For immediate release January 19. 2007 Contact: Vartenie ECHO Tel: +322 7327026

TURKEY KILLS HRANT DINK

Hrant Dink. the editor-In-chief of the bilingual Armenian and Turkish \\eekly Agos, has been assassinated this afternoon in front of his office in Istanbul. The circumstances of the crime are still not clear. but reportedly one person. at least, is ill\·oh·ed. Mr Dink has been shot at six times. Hrant Dink had repeatedly criticized Turkey for its treatment of its ethnic minorities and the outright denial offreedol1l of speech. He was considered in Western countries as a champion of the cause of modernisation of present-day Turkey. "We condemned this hateful assassination" declared Hilda Tchoboian, the chairperson of the European Armenian Federation. In a country where the system of educatIon and the political culture moulds the minds of the people \\ith hatred tlmards the Non-Turkish citizens of the country and where racism is rampant \\ ith e.xtreme-right organizations occupying a place of honour. this is a sad reminder that things are far from changing in today's Turkey. This \'ile murder proves once again that racism has deep roots in Turkey", declared Hilda Tchoboian. The Federation notes that, among a dozen dissidents to the Turkish State line, it is preCisely the one \\'ith an Armenian origin who was targeted by the murderers. The Federation asserts that the Turkish State has an undeniable responsibility for this murder by the mere fact of having perpetuated articles 301 and 305 of the Turkish Penal Code. The Federation also condemns the Turkish authorities for their incapacity in providing adequate security for journalists and intellectuals. "This deliberate act aims at maintaining the Arn1enian community in a climate of terror in order to show them that freedom of expression can have no place in Turkey. especially concerning the Armenian genocide, and that the community should not o\erstep its limits". added Hilda Tchoboian. "We also say that any attempt by the Turkish government of capitalizing on Hrant Dink's assassination to promote a liberal image in Europe through public sympathizing would be the height of cynicism. The Turkish authorities would be well advised to refrain from such cheap opportunism which would have no currency whatsoe\er in Europe ", concluded Hilda Tchoboian.

"'r.bip TlJITOU Hie APWVtKT]<; EO\'lK1'lS E1llTpomie Yla HJ i5oi.o 1lOlJ cKoiouUl GTTJv Khl\'0tll\'11\'0\JIToi'll, OOi,0

The ExeclItive Council of the Hellenic Electronic Center (HEC) wish to extend their sympathies and support toward our grieving Armenian brothers following the brutal and unprovoked murder of Hrant Dink by a Turkish extremist in Constantinople. We wish to express our admiration and respect to the bravery of Mr. Dink who fought forjustice and historical truth in advocating for the recognition of the Annenian Genocide. HIS example will serve as an inspiration to \\Tlters who use words as their weapon against the brutality and terror which are the characteristics of authoritarian governments such as those like Turkey. Mr. Dink was the victim of the terrorism that is rampant in Turkey. that is both tolerated and supported by the Turkish authorities. The hatred of the Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek minorities in Turkey up to the present day is a reality demonstrated by Ankara's GenOCide denials. The tragic and horrible murder of Mr. Dink by a fanatical extremist has as its origins the official Genocide deniallhat is the official stance ofthe Turkish govemment. We extend our condolences to the family of Mr. Dink, and more than ever we are greatly concerned for the remaining members of the Armenian, Assyrian. and Greek communities inside Turkey.

HEC Executive Council

TAKE ACTION SEND AN EMAIL ABOUT HRANT DINK SACRIFCE, TO RECOGNISE THE ARMENIAN GENOCITE VISIT ANCA WEBSITE

LIGHT A GENOCITE CANDLE FOR HRANT. II1II

Ivatican Unveils Monument of Saint Gregory the Illuminator • Pope John-Paul II, along with Armenian Church officials, attended the official inauguration of the statue of Saint Gregory the Illuminator in the Vatican on January 19.

The almost 18 feet high statue was placed in the last remaining empty niche along the walls leading to St. Peter's Basilica, which house the statues of famous saints. It is situated at the site where visitors wait to climb the cupola.

An almost two-foot gilt bronze Armenian Cross is situated in the right hand of the statue, and a Holy Bible in the left. Two Armenian crosses and saint Gregory's adorn the statue's vestment.

The Latin and Armenian inscription on the pedestal reads, "Saint Gregory Illuminator of Armenia 301."

On his trip to Armenia to mark the 1700th anniversary of the conversion of the Armenian nation to Christianity, Pope John-Paul II became inspired by a visit to Khor-Virab where Saint Gregory was confined, crouched in the dark for 13 years.

Thus, at the urging of the Armenian catholic Patriarch Nerses-Bedros XIX, the Pope pledged to do his utmost to erect, in the Vatican, a statue of the Saint Illuminator of the first Christian nation. The contructor of the statue was artist Khachik Kazandjian from Paris, who recently created a 30 feet high monument of Alfred Nobel. That statue is in the center of the city of Sevran where Nobel lived and worked. Kazandjian is also a founding member and the first President of the Society of Armenian Artists of france. -Reference to Armenian Genocide to be included in turkish textbooks • Turkey's Education Ministry recently announced that elementary-level history textbooks will, for the first time, include reference to the genocide committed against the Ottoman-Armenians. The textbooks, however, will include both, what Turkey refers to, the "Armenian version" of the genocide, and an "official" government sanctioned version of the events.

The chairman of the Education Ministry's committee on textbooks, Moustafa Safran, explained that the inclusion of the genocide arose from the fact that Armenians have insisted that the events that occurred between 1915-1923 qualify as "genocide." In order to address the issue, Safran said, the committee decided to include both the Armenian and Turkish perspectives--a move allowing students the information necessary to form an educated opinion--according to the committee.

Safran noted his committee realizes that it is impossible nowadays to shield Turkish school children from "Armenian claims," and that it is their intention to bolster the government's position on the issue by including archival Ottoman documents, which reportedly prove that the genocide never occurred.

Safran's committee has also decided to exclude incendiary remarks such as "we crushed the Greeks," and be particular in its definitions of "heroes" and "traitors." Textbooks will note that numerous Kurdish tribes assisted Mustafa Kemal's efforts in establishing a "modern" Turkey.

Meantime German DPA news agency reported that pressure from Turkey has resulted in the removal of a reference to the Armenian genocide from a German school curriculum.

The eastern German state of Brandenburg has eliminated half a sentence on the Armenians included in ninth and tenth grade history classes after a Turkish diplomat complained to state Prime Minister Matthias Platzeck, the newspaper Die Welt reported.

In a chapter entitled "War, Technology and Civilian Populations" the school book text said "for example, the genocide of the Armenians population of Anatolia." That passage has now been removed from school textbooks, the newspaper said.

Platzeck met regularly with Turkish diplomats and was "steeled" against their influence, the newspaper quoted him as saying. The prime minister added that genocide was too important an issue to be dealt with in just half a sentence. "Brandenburg's curriculum was the only one in Germany which up until now included a reference to the murder of the Armenians," said Die Welt.

The head of the Central Committee of Armenians in Germany, Schavarsh Ovassapian told Die Welt the move was "a scandal." "It is depressing, if what's in schoolbooks in Brandenburg can be dictated from Ankara," he said.

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New topic: The Legacy Project In Genocide section EXHIBIT 10 [U.S .. Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089:52 AM

7'RadioFreeEurope ", RadioLiberty Adjust font size: I Print:

August 02, 2006 u.s.: ConfirDlation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies

by Julie A. Corwin

Anlbassador-designate Hoagland at a Senate confirmation hearing on August 1 (ANCA)

The U.S. Senate on August 1 decided once again to postpone its confirmation of the man designated to serve as the new U.S. ambassador to Armenia. Richard Hoagland has raised concern among some lawmakers because of his refusal to characterize the mass killings of Armenians by Turks in the early 20th century as genocide.

WASHINGTON, August 2,2006 (RFE/RL) -- U.S. Senator Joseph Biden, recommending that Hoagland's confirmation be postponed until a future date, summarized his doubts about the official White House stance on the genocide debate.

"I know that the administration's not likely to change their policy," he said. "But there was genocide in Armenia, and it's very difficult to deny history."

http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html Page 1 of 7 [U.S.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089: 52 AM

Issues & Influence

In all, nine of the 18 members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee have pressed Hoagland to clarify U.S. policy on the Armenian genocide debate.

It might seem surprising that so many U.S. lawmakers are prepared to weigh in on the politically loaded debate over whether the Ottoman-era killing of Armenians by Turks constitutes genocide.

The prominence of the issue is due in large part to the efforts of two powerful lobbying groups -- the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), and the Armenian Assembly of America (AAA).

The logo of the Armenian National Committee of America (courtesy graphic)

There are lobbying groups representing the concerns of nearly every diaspora community in the United States. The Armenian lobby is one of the most successful.

Bryan Ardouny is the executive director of the AAA. He says the issue remains high on the group's agenda.

"We will continue to press forward with the ultimate goal of having the United States, on record, reaffirming the Armenian genocide," he says.

Record Of Success

http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html Page 2 of 7 [U.S.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe 1 Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089:52 AM

The Armenian lobby has scored other victories as well.

Both the AAA and the ANCA were instrumental in persuading lawmakers to block U.S. financing for a proposed railway that would link Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan but circumvent Armenia.

They also played a role in legislation passed in 1992 that excluded Azerbaijan from a list of former Soviet republics available for U.S. aid.

The exclusion, meant to censure Baku for what was termed "offensive use of force" against Armenia and the ethnic Armenian exclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, remained in force until 2002, when U.S. President George W. Bush granted the first in a series of annual waivers of the provIsIon.

Fingerprints Not Required

Aram Hamparian, the executive director of the Armenian National Committee, says his lobby also helped remove Armenia from a U.S. list of countries considered sources of potential terrorists.

AAA Executive Director Bryan Ardouny(courtesy photo)

"A few years ago the Justice Department placed Armenia on a [terrorism] watch list," Hamparian says. "This meant citizens from Armenia would need to register and be photographed and fingerprinted and all the rest. And we were successful in just the course of a couple of days in getting Armenia taken off that list."

http://www.rferl.org/articieprintview/1070276.html Page 3 of 7 [U.S.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089:52 AM

So what makes the Armenian lobby so successful?

Yerevan, to a greater degree than Baku, is dependent on the largely loyal U.S. lobby groups to advance its agenda in Washington.

It's not a matter of strength in numbers. There are fewer than 2 million Armenian-Americans living in the United States, a country with a population of nearly 300 million.

But diaspora members like Hamparian say the community is bound by a common belief in the power of political participation.

And although the majority of Armenian-Americans are concentrated on the East and West coasts of the United States, Hamparian says the community is represented and active in almost every congressional district across the United States.

A Study In Contrasts

The success of the Armenian lobby runs in sharp contrast to that of Armenia's South Caucasus neighbor, Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan, like Armenia, has its own congressional caucus -- a group of U.S. lawmakers who pursue common legislative objectives.

But while the Armenian caucus is highly active, its Azerbaijani counterpart is considered far less effective.

http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html Page 4 of 7 [U.S .. Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089:52 AM

The Azerbaijani lobby's biggest victory to date has been the annual presidential waiver on U.S. aid restrictions. Beyond that, however, it has had little influence.

Facing The Giant

Glen Howard is the director of the Jamestown Foundation, a public policy group that monitors developments in the former Soviet Union. He compares the Azerbaijani and Armenian U.S. lobby groups to David and Goliath -- but says there's reason to believe Azerbaijani-Americans will catch up.

"The Armenians have been practicing and organized for a very long time, much longer than the Azerbaijanis," Howard says. "But then again, the Turks 40 years ago did not have a lobby, and it took them quite a while. But they eventually reached a level stage where they can compete and hold their ground with the Armenians."

Just as the Turkish lobby squares off against the Armenians on the genocide issue, many Azerbaijani-Americans would like to increase their influence in the debate over Nagorno­ Karabakh.

But while the Armenian diaspora comprises several generations and maintains close, nationalistic ties with Armenia proper, the U.S. Azerbaijani community is less rooted -- many Azerbaijani-Americans are first-generation. They are also more diverse, with many coming not from Azerbaijan, but Iran.

Divergent Views

http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html Page 5 of 7 1.5.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe 1 Radio Liberty © 2008J 12/18/089:52 AM

Bedir Memmedli, a member of the Washington-based Azerbaijan Society of America, says the views of the Azerbaijani diaspora diverge on some points -- but do come together on a few key Issues.

"There are a lot of common issues we all share -- for example, the occupation of Azerbaijan by our neighboring Armenia. There is also the oppression of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran, cultural discrimination against Azerbaijanis in Iran," Memmedli says.

"These are common issues that we are all concerned about. But there are also some specific issues -- for example, those Azerbaijanis from the Republic of Azerbaijan, they usually ask or try to have their voices heard regarding such issues as putting more investment in Azerbaijan's economy."

Lobbies Vs. Leaders

The Azerbaijani lobby may be struggling for influence with U.S. lawmakers. But Washington is somewhat more receptive when it comes to the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev.

The logo of the Azerbaijan Society of America (courtesy graphic)

Aliyev, who presides over an ascendant oil-fed economy and geographic proximity to Iran, in April visited the White House for talks with President Bush.

Aliyev's Armenian counterpart, Robert Kocharian, has yet to receive a similar invitation. Yerevan, to a greater degree than Baku, is dependent on the largely loyal U.S. lobby groups to advance its agenda in Washington.

lttp:llwww.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html Page 6 of 7 [U.S.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies] - [Radio Free Europe 1 Radio Liberty © 2008] 12/18/089:52 AM

How To Help?

Richard Giragosian, an independent security analyst and regular contributor to RFE/RL, says the two diaspora communities have "very different" perceptions about ties to their home government.

"From a political standpoint, the diaspora for Armenia is seen as a pillar of support for the state, and for the regime, in terms of lobbying leverage. And the diaspora, for the Armenians, is almost an element of state power, or an element of foreign policy," he says.

"Interestingly, in Azerbaijan's case, it's the exact opposite, where Azerbaijan seeks to co-opt its diaspora, because it basically sees it as a potential threat to the regime -- the youth, and the diaspora. And it seeks basically to co-opt any potential for revolutions of fruit or flower" -- a reference to the Orange, Rose, and Tulip revolutions in Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan.

It isn't a guarantee that Azerbaijan will benefit from a U.S. lobby that acts in lockstep with Baku. Giragosian says officials in Armenia sometimes feel the nationalistic zeal of the Armenian-American lobbies leaves Yerevan with less leverage in terms of foreign policy.

This is particularly true on the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh, where, he says, Yerevan sometimes feels the diaspora has been "more a liability than an asset."

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty © 2008 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

http://www.rferl.org/articieprintview/1070276.html Page 7 of 7 From: http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/1070276.html(Original incudes photos and ANCA logo.)

August 02, 2006 U.S.: Confirmation Row Shows Power Of Diaspora Lobbies by Julie A. Corwin

Ambassador-designate Hoagland at a Senate confirmation hearing on August 1 (ANCA)

The U.S. Senate on August 1 decided once again to postpone its confirmation of the man designated to serve as the new U.S. ambassador to Armenia. Richard Hoagland has raised concern among some lawmakers because of his refusal to characterize the mass killings of Armenians by Turks in the early 20th century as genocide. WASHINGTON, August 2,2006 (RFE/RL) -- U.S. Senator Joseph Biden, recommending that Hoagland's confirmation be postponed until a future date, summarized his doubts about the official White House stance on the genocide debate.

"I know that the administration's not likely to change their policy," he said. "But there was genocide in Armenia, and it's very difficult to deny history."

Issues & Influence

In all, nine of the 18 members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee have pressed Hoagland to clarify U.S. policy on the Armenian genocide debate.

It might seem surprising that so many U.S. lawmakers are prepared to weigh in on the politically loaded debate over whether the Ottoman-era killing of Armenians by Turks constitutes genocide.

The prominence of the issue is due in large part to the efforts of two powerful lobbying groups -- the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), and the Armenian Assembly of America (AAA).

The logo of the Armenian National Committee ofAmerica (courtesy graphic)

There are lobbying groups representing the concerns of nearly every diaspora community in the United States. The Armenian lobby is one of the most successful.

Bryan Ardouny is the executive director of the AAA. He says the issue remains high on the group's agenda.

"We will continue to press forward with the ultimate goal of having the United States, on record, reaffirming the Armenian genocide," he says.

Record Of Success

The Armenian lobby has scored other victories as well.

Both the AAA and the ANCA were instrumental in persuading lawmakers to block U.S. financing for a proposed railway that would link Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan but circumvent Armenia. They also played a role in legislation passed in 1992 that excluded Azerbaijan from a list of former Soviet republics available for U.S. aid.

The exclusion, meant to censure Baku for what was termed "offensive use of force" against Armenia and the ethnic Armenian exclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, remained in force until 2002, when U.S. President George W. Bush granted the first in a series of annual waivers of the provision.

Fingerprints Not Required

Aram Hamparian, the executive director of the Armenian National Committee, says his lobby also helped remove Armenia from a U.S. list of countries considered sources of potential terrorists.

AAA Executive Director Bryan Ardouny(courtesy photo)

"A few years ago the Justice Department placed Armenia on a [terrorism] watch list," Hamparian says. "This meant citizens from Armenia would need to register and be photographed and fingerprinted and all the rest. And we were successful in just the course of a couple of days in getting Armenia taken off that list."

So what makes the Armenian lobby so successful?

Yerevan, to a greater degree than Baku, is dependent on the largely loyal U.S. lobby groups to advance its agenda in Washington.

It's not a matter of strength in numbers. There are fewer than 2 million Armenian-Americans living in the United States, a country with a population of nearly 300 million.

But diaspora members like Hamparian say the community is bound by a common belief in the power of political participation.

And although the majority of Armenian-Americans are concentrated on the East and West coasts of the United States, Hamparian says the community is represented and active in almost every congressional district across the United States.

A Study In Contrasts

The success of the Armenian lobby runs in sharp contrast to that of Armenia's South Caucasus neighbor, Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan, like Armenia, has its own congressional caucus -- a group of U.S. lawmakers who pursue common legislative objectives.

But while the Armenian caucus is highly active, its Azerbaijani counterpart is considered far less effective.

The Azerbaijani lobby's biggest victory to date has been the annual presidential waiver on U.S. aid restrictions. Beyond that, however, it has had little influence. Facing The Giant

Glen Howard is the director of the Jamestown Foundation, a public policy group that monitors developments in the former Soviet Union. He compares the Azerbaijani and Armenian U.S. lobby groups to David and Goliath -- but says there's reason to believe Azerbaijani-Americans will catch up.

"The Armenians have been practicing and organized for a very long time, much longer than the Azerbaijanis," Howard says. "But then again, the Turks 40 years ago did not have a lobby, and it took them quite a while. But they eventually reached a level stage where they can compete and hold their ground with the Armenians."

Just as the Turkish lobby squares off against the Armenians on the genocide issue, many Azerbaijani-Americans would like to increase their influence in the debate over Nagorno-Karabakh.

But while the Armenian diaspora comprises several generations and maintains close, nationalistic ties with Armenia proper, the U.S. Azerbaijani community is less rooted -- many Azerbaijani-Americans are first-generation. They are also more diverse, with many coming not from Azerbaijan, but Iran.

Divergent Views

Bedir Memmedli, a member of the Washington-based Azerbaijan Society of America, says the views of the Azerbaijani diaspora diverge on some points -- but do come together on a few key issues.

"There are a lot of common issues we all share -- for example, the occupation of Azerbaijan by our neighboring Armenia. There is also the oppression of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran, cultural discrimination against Azerbaijanis in Iran," Memmedli says.

"These are common issues that we are all concerned about. But there are also some specific issues ­ - for example, those Azerbaijanis from the Republic of Azerbaijan, they usually ask or try to have their voices heard regarding such issues as putting more investment in Azerbaijan's economy."

Lobbies Vs. Leaders

The Azerbaijani lobby may be struggling for influence with U.S. lawmakers. But Washington is somewhat more receptive when it comes to the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev.

The logo of the Azerbaijan Society ofAmerica (courtesy graphic)

Aliyev, who presides over an ascendant oil-fed economy and geographic proximity to Iran, in April visited the White House for talks with President Bush.

Aliyev's Armenian counterpart, Robert Kocharian, has yet to receive a similar invitation. Yerevan, to a greater degree than Baku, is dependent on the largely loyal U.S. lobby groups to advance its agenda in Washington.

How To Help? Richard Giragosian, an independent security analyst and regular contributor to RFE/RL, says the two diaspora communities have "very different" perceptions about ties to their home government.

"From a political standpoint, the diaspora for Armenia is seen as a pillar of support for the state, and for the regime, in terms of lobbying leverage. And the diaspora, for the Armenians, is almost an element of state power, or an element of foreign policy," he says.

"Interestingly, in Azerbaijan's case, it's the exact opposite, where Azerbaijan seeks to co-opt its diaspora, because it basically sees it as a potential threat to the regime -- the youth, and the diaspora. And it seeks basically to co-opt any potential for revolutions of fruit or flower" -- a reference to the Orange, Rose, and Tulip revolutions in Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan.

It isn't a guarantee that Azerbaijan will benefit from a U.S. lobby that acts in lockstep with Baku. Giragosian says officials in Armenia sometimes feel the nationalistic zeal of the Armenian-American lobbies leaves Yerevan with less leverage in terms of foreign policy.

This is particularly true on the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh, where, he says, Yerevan sometimes feels the diaspora has been "more a liability than an asset."

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty © 2008 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved EXHIBIT 11 Armenian Diaspora - South Florida ANC Activists Reach Out to Elected Officials Page 1 of2

....iiill!tARMENIANDIASPORAcoM THe LARGEST ARMENIAN News PORTAL vVWW .ArnlenianDlaspora.com Home I News Archi .... e I Propose I Forum I Contact us :: Search

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South Florida ANC Activists Reach Out to Elected Officials August 17, 200~ 23:33,"56

Arrnen,ar: National COr!'"!fT1lttee of Fio, ida PO Box 74L~64 Boynton Beder!; FL 334/4 954-401-9787 ancfionda,{;Datt. net www.anc3.Gr-g

PRES,c RELEASE August :17/ 2004

Contact' pedo D;,?_r-E"3~dro5slan anc.flonda@atLnet

SOUTH FLORIDA i),J~C :\CT1VISTS F~Ef\CH OUT TO E:L£CTED OfFICiALS

.... Ur"ge Senator' Nelson to Suo~ort Gt:loc!Ce ResoJiJt~on; S[ren~lt!~en uS- ,1nnenla Pe!dtlons

FT. LAUDERDALE:, Fl - Flonda ANC activists ,oitled ..../Iu') t-\NC,A n2ltionai and regional staff In a rneetii1Q! t:Gd~\y; WIU"l repr~se:)tc\tlves of SenatClr Bill l'Je!son's (D-FL) district office to discuss :SSUi:;>S cf conCern to the Arrner::an Arnenc:an cO~Il1\.Jn:tv Ir"= th,:;: 5unsh~~0 State, rClJorted the _Ar-;"E;:1I:;m NaLonai COnlr1l:tJee of F!o::da.

ThE meeting l$ the f':rst 1:1 a series of act:vitlE'S of Congres5 and the ArnlGIl,a:1 comm •.ll1lr,y dunn9 a t.-,p to ,he r"e:"jlc;n 0).' /l.NeA Eastern R.egion Dlr'ector DG~jg Ge.oqEnan and GovErr:ment .£>Jff111·S Direcu:w A.bra:!1l1m Nizib!:an.

Over a dozen ;!cnda A.I"menl':-1I1s partiCipated O-:€ "';:~etIn9 5~:n Nelson's Browanj c.ounty Regional Off~c~ DlrectOl" V,tijjo;.... stln~ l".aw50n ..t..CClvlstS .K)lrlln~j Nlzlbi:an and Geoge::an '..ven:~ /.',NC South ~";Ir)nda Chairman 3edQ De(·'8eJrosslan, Rev VasKen Beklarian, Past'v:' of St. Gn:~Qo;'Y r.,rmel-::~n ChlJr"ch ;;1' Souttl HOn;Jil, v'aDoallM, r'1CClean, Sonya Toun:ayan/ Glona To.-ovan, r·1ichael TOUnia'yclil, Naom! Di.'JVitlan, EUlJenie r'1eg~"lenan Rodrigut?s, Seveg Tokati,an, af":d Dl2r"·Bedr·f)35Ian. f+Uiael TOlJmayan I-ecefit~y finlsr.ed an eIIJflt-ioV2(;!-... Internship at the ANCA natonal t"EadcuartH5, during WI)ICrl t,cne he fTlet With Ser:ctcr Nelson dnd illS \'VashingtDfl, GC staff

DlInr~g the hcur""long r!"~edlr\J WI[~1 Ldv,;son, cormrlullty part,c:pants urged th~ twst t("::rm Ser:atm" t.o take an actJVe role on a n;..Jrllbe.r of Arrn2nlan Anlencan concer~15 In(:iudlng C{)rIgress:o:1al reaffwmatlon the .Arme:lIi'm

Genoclco:::, strongE;:- US-Armenia bilateral ecollom:(" and poLtrcai rf.dat;(.>nS I and B lasting and (-:q;...!!tBble resolution to t!l{'; Nag':-,'no Kal';:lbagh conflict D(~r-Redrosslan ,:lskea ~hat the S,,:,nator cosponsor S.Res.164, ieglslatlon mark:nq the arll,,:!v..::rsarv of us ;mr:"leI1l8:1tat'on of :.:he GellCiCloe Conv"-nt:oll. Th~:. fe.soiuton, tntr0chJCe.d by Senators Joh!""! EnSign (R-NV) ar-:d Jon Corzine (D-NJ), cutrertly has 40 cosponsors. Der-Sedr0ssli.:--m aiso bnlCofed LaWS0n about ac.tfvitie.,:, p~3nned !n commemOf"atl0n of the 90th anniversar'....' Of thE: Armenian G~nQclde ilOC:;Xr year In South florida and \ll'/ted Senato:' Nelsol: to JOi;"; u)(~ il.rn-:enlan .[\me

~)art;c;pant5 ur"gcd :':~le Senator's sUPDort For S.l ::;5'/; which WGuid ensure perrnanert normal t:'ade rel.~tlons between U\l:: US an.j i\:-rnem3 "'n"lE:' ANC acbv!sts ','','ill be :::eetlng D2r"'scH1ally With Senator Nelson ,'c(}c;:-dIrlQ these and Gther pn-sslIlg lssue:-: let€i- tn:s v.;€ek

Geogenan and N:ZlbI12H"l art:ved In Ft. Laudercklie thiS Da"5t vvhe:r,= they jo!ncd thQ South Florida C.C!:llrnlJr':ity in C:l~iebi"'atinq thf' Feast thE Ascension and th,~ 81',~5Stng of the Grapes at St. Armenian Chr/ch. l.ast night! Nizlbllar \'3nd GeogGnan 9\-'h'Q an Oil ,t..menCi::n advocacy (~fforts ;:1 Washlngt.on, DC a:ld the nat,on i.e IOC31 actlvl~ts at. a publiC forum hostEd bV the ANC of Flcnda. Over the rext seven days, til~Y will b~ t.ravellng throughout the state, ,::~etlng v-"th Memb~!':=.; of c.ongress and local ArnV3r:lan Aillencan activlsts I:"': an effort tc; strengtilen t;l~ ~:ornillunit'~(S pO!ltical advocacy :2fforts ill 0"Jomia,

The I\rme.r;,an Nat.lOnal Cornm!tte~ IS thl? larqest P-:-m(('lian ,t..:nJ';i":can gra55root.s lJc!i~I(2.il vn.Janu:at:on In Flor:da and nationwide Tt)e iV~C activeli a0vances ?l bread range of Issues of COi"1 r.:.

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• ARMENIAN, If '"Oil are i\nneni;m and single. THE: OF"i"lCIAl,. SITE OF" AR("'IE;NIAN SINc;LES 10m Now ill!' r:ret' THOUSANDS OF" PFtOF"ILE:S OF" BE:AUTI'=-UL WOMEN AND MEN

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