Victoria Institution, Jalan Hang Tuah, 55200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-Mail : [email protected]
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Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol.4, no.2, December 1999: 1-20 INTERNET USE AMONGST SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA S.H. Wee Victoria Institution, Jalan Hang Tuah, 55200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT This study identifies the pattern of Internet use among 608 upper secondary science students from fourteen schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All schools have computers, out of which 9 have Internet facilities and 3 Internet terminals are located in the school resource centres. About 51.5% of respondent used the Internet. The main reasons for non-use are lack of skill and non-availability. The users mainly accessed the Net from their homes and acquired Internet skills by self-teaching or learning from friends. Slightly over 70% of Net users spent less than 5 hours a week on various functions, but few used it for study-related activities. The average time spent on the Internet was 4.89 hours per week. Most of the Net users (91.4%) explored the World Wide Web while 75.4% used E-mail, 52.1% used IRC or ICQ, 15.7% joined Newsgroups, 2.2% used it for downloading, and 0.6% used it for playing online games. Major problems faced were “lack of skills” and “lack of time”. The Internet was perceived to be a rich information reservoir that provides fast and efficient access to information. The majority believed that Internet did not affect their learning process, with 20.7% reporting a positive effect and 4.5% a negative effect. There were significant relationships between the use of Internet with gender, English grade, parents’ level of education, parents’ income, availability of Internet in school, and locality of Internet in school. Keywords: Internet use; Information sources; Secondary schools; School students; Information literate; Kuala Lumpur. INTRODUCTION In 1989, a Joint council of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Malaysian Computers in Malaysian Schools Institute of Microelectronics System (MIMOS) proposed the computer-in- In the 1980s, computer clubs in schools education (CIE) policy. It recommended provided opportunities for teachers and the shift from teaching computer literacy schools to be familiar with personal to the integration of computers in the computers. In 1981, the La Salle Se- teaching-learning process across the cur- condary School in Petaling Jaya, Se- riculum. The following year witnessed langor set up the first computer club in the launching of the Atom-1 PC com- Malaysia. Many schools follow suite patibles, the personal computer designed subsequently. and produced locally to provide for a Wee, S.H. cost-effective and functional computer of education in Malaysia compatible use in the schools. The Computer with those in developed countries. The Intergrated Learning System (ComIL), a network would also provide access to software written in the Malay language information from government depart- was launced on August 8, 1991 to be ments and research centres. The National used as the basic tool to generate edu- Education Network is also viewed as a cational materials tailored to local tool for Malaysian students to acquire curriculum needs (Shukor, 1992). In 1992, the necessary skills to meet the need of sixty schools were equipped with com- future workforce in the era of infor- puters costing RM4.3 million as part of mation technology. Through this net- the CIE pilot project. Each of the schools work the Internet was introduced to was equipped with twenty Atom-1 PCs many secondary schools, both in the that were networked with a server. In urban and rural settings. Many schools this project, a new computer literacy pro- have sourced their own funding to equip ject syllabus was to be introduced to their schools with Internet facilities. secondary one and two students. In 1996, the MOE announced the Smart Schools With the rapid advancement of informa- Project. Ninety schools are expected to tion technology and a decline in the price receive thirty-eight units of computers of personal computers, information sour- each in 1999 under this project. The com- ces have become affordable to students puters are to be located in the school’s both in printed form and online. The administration office, teachers’ room, the question is, are Malaysian students using library and computer laboratory. the online sources available to them? Are they information literate? According to Internet in Malaysian Schools Tenopir and King (1996), only those who are information literate will thrive On 14 June 1994, the Ministry of Edu- and succeed. Doyle (1994) stressed that cation announced another joint council the “individual of the 21st century must project called the National Education have the ability to access information, Network or Jaringan Pendidikan (Zul- evaluate, and use information from a kifly, 1994). The project involves fifteen variety of sources” in order to be con- secondary schools nation-wide linked to sidered information literate. These sour- the Internet via Jaring, the Malaysian ces include traditional paper-based infor- gateway to the international computer mation as well as digital information. network. The main objective of this project is to provide opportunities for AIMS AND OBJECTIVES teachers and students to communicate, access and share a variety of information With the MOE efforts, tax incentives and through the use of computers (KPM, various advantages offered by the Inter- 1994). Another objective is to enable net, it is expected that Malaysian secondary school students to communi- students would exploit this media for cate and exchange information with personal and educational purposes. This students from other parts of the world via study aims to find out the patterns of computers, hence uplifting the standard Internet use amongst upper secondary 2 Internet Use Amongst Secondary School Students science students, especially how the centages were based on the actual re- Internet is used for study or school-rela- sponses of each item listed in the ted activities. The effects of the Internet questionnaire. on the students’ learning process, the usefulness of the Net and problems RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS associated with its use, as perceived by The availability of computer and Internet the students, are also investigated. facilities in school and at home is expected to influence the use of Internet METHODOLOGY by students. This study has chosen the schools in Computers and Internet Facilities Kuala Lumpur for three reasons. Firstly, in School the infrastructure for Internet connec- tions is available throughout the city and All the fourteen schools have computer more likely to be available in respon- facilities, the least being two units while dents’ homes. Secondly, the schools un- at the other extreme, one school has 81 der study included those that have units (Table 1). The average student- already been provided with Internet con- computer ratio is 72 : 1. Six schools have nections as well as those that are still in a ratio below this average value. The the planning stage to establish connec- highest student-computer ratio being 18 : tions. Thirdly, there are innumerable cy- 1 and the lowest 633 : 1. ber cafes scattered within the city, which are available for student’s use. Only nine schools are connected to the Internet. The number of computers that are actually networked to the Internet is The population of this study comprises very small. Four out of nine schools 2,274 students from all form four and six provided only one terminal for browsing. science students from fourteen schools in Three of the schools have two units of Kuala Lumpur. A stratified random sam- computers each for accessing the Net. ple of 608 students answered the ques- One school has five terminals, while tionnaire which constitute 219 male and another has 36 terminals. This extra- 139 female students from the fourth form ordinarily large number is attributed to a and 100 male and 150 female respon- sponsored pilot smart school project dents from the sixth form. This figure launched in 1997. constituted 26.74% of the population. The questionnaire was distributed perso- Location of the Internet terminals vary nally to the students during class hours from school to school. The locations and collected at the end of a 40 minute identified are the school resource centre, period, resulting in a 100% response the computer room, a special room for rate. The items that have not been Internet use, rooms used by the school’s answered fully and correctly were treated computer clubs, the school office and the as missing data. The calculations of per- principal’s office. 3 Wee, S.H. Table 1: Number of Computers in Schools School No. of Student : Internet Access* No. of Net Computers Computer Availability Points Computers 1. A 2 633 : 1 No - - 2. B 2 620 : 1 No - - 3. C 4 603 : 1 Yes Principal 1 4. D 5 368 : 1 No - - 5. E 6 236 : 1 Yes SRC 1 6. F 7 214 : 1 Yes Internet 5 7. G 8 158 : 1 No - - 8. H 11 135 : 1 Yes SRC 2 9. I 28 56 : 1 No - - 10. J 29 38 : 1 Yes Com 1 11. K 31 48 : 1 Yes SRC, Com 2 12. L 41 35 : 1 Yes Internet 36 13. M 66 18 : 1 Yes Com 1 14. N 81 37 : 1 Yes Admin 2 * Admin = Administrative Office; Com = Computer Club’s Room; Internet = Internet Room; Principal = Principal’s Office; SRC = School Resource Centre. Computers and Internet at Home the other 209 (34.4%) could access the Net (Figure 1). The results indicate that Among the 608 respondents, 446 (73.4%) computer ownership was quite common, had computers at home. However, 237 and slightly more than one-third of the respondents (39.0%) had computers which respondents had Internet access from were not connected to the Internet while their home.