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Home , Alfred Klahr, Guevarism, Maoism (Third Worldism), Peruvian Military Junta, Revolutionary wave, Siraj Sikder

GUIDING THOUGHT OF : THE HEART OF Spring 2013 GUIDING THOUGHT OF REVOLUTION: THE HEART OF MAOISM

This document – project has been promoted by the following organization and parties:

Organization of the Workers of (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, principally Maoist) Marxist Leninist Maoist – Communist Party Marxist Leninist Maoist –

This document has been supported by the Marxist Leninist Maoist Center of Belgium.

Spring 2013

“ give rise to a thought that guides them, which is the result of the application of the universal truth of the ideology of the international to the concrete conditions of each revolution; a guiding thought indispensable to reach victory and to conquer political power and, moreover, to continue the revolution and to maintain the course always towards the only, great goal: .” Communist Party of , On Gonzalo thought.

The present document is a project The “thought” of the individuals And: to introduce to the concept of here concerned is the reflection of “All-sided, universal elasticity of “guiding thought” through the movement of eternal matter; concepts, an elasticity reaching to questions and answers on those individuals are not “genius” the identity of opposites, that is individuals which have played a with great “ideas”, but people – the essence. great role in their own country, understanding reality in the precisely in formulating a dialectical materialist way and This flexibility, applied subjectively “thought”. accepting it as it is. = eclecticism and sophistry. This project is called to progress It is useful here to quote Lenin. Is this elasticity objectively applied, and to win in completeness, in the When studying Hegel, Lenin notes i.e. reflecting the all-sidedness of quality of the explanations, but the following things: the material process and its unity, also in the quantity of individuals then it is , the correct “Dialectics is the teaching which whose life is here shortly reflection of the eternal shows how Opposites can be and presented. development of the world.” how they happen to be (how they Indeed, in each country, class become) identical, under what In this sense, we hope this struggle generates individuals who – conditions they are identical, document will help to forge guiding proceed to the analysis of their becoming transformed into one thought in each country, guiding own social and national reality, another, why the human mind thoughts which are the reflect of understanding the contradictions – the eternal movement of matter, they live in, paving the way for should grasp these opposites not advancing to communism. progress through revolution, i.e. as dead, rigid, but as living, New or conditional, mobile, becoming Socialist Revolution. transformed into one another.” Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism 1. The context

How and in which context did comrade Akram Yari Guiding Thought evolve? The revisionist ideologically, was filled with petit- Youth Organization) established the PDPA (People’s bourgeois minded intellectuals who first anti-revisionist organization in Democratic Party were tailing a social-imperialist Afghanistan. of Afghanistan) ideological model. PYO was a Maoist organization, in which was a pro- In such a context, a “No!” was upheld! indeed Akram Yari Thought was the Khruchievite party, This came from a young , theoretical expression of this in mid-1960s, was who neither reconciled with organization in context of national and to bring about a even a moment, nor neglected fighting international struggle against betrayal to democratic revolution of it. revisionism, a struggle which gave birth Afghanistan. This was comrade Akram Yari, who by to the first Maoist organization in Indeed, the rank-and-file of this party, the formation of PYO (Progressive Afghanistan. How and in which context did comrade Ibrahim Kaypakkaya Guiding Thought evolve? The Communist Born in 1949, Ibrahim Kaypakkya's its origin: the kemalist “revolution”, a Party of Turkey produced a thought which merged as counter-revolution that was considered was found by the most developed part of a whole by opportunism as “bourgeois” or even Mustafa Suphi revolutionary wave produced by the “democratic and betrayed”. (1883-1921), but masses (others famous figures which Ibrahim Kaypakkaya studied the collapsed soon promoted armed struggle were the nature of Turkey, its history since its because of guevarist Mahir Cayan and the founding by Mustafa Kemal, affirming , the nationalist ideology of hoxhaist Deniz Gezmiş). its semi-colonial semi-feudal nature the bureaucratic taking The main question was to understand and the necessity to follow the path of power on the ruins of the Ottoman the nature of the Turkish regime, and the New Democratic Revolution. Empire. How and in which context did comrade Guiding Thought evolve? After the Russian respectively gave birth to India and rose in against Pakistani revolution, the Pakistan named two semi colonial colonial rule from language movement Communist party semi feudal states by making of 1952 and mass movement of 1969 was formed in communal class contradiction up to national liberation war of 1971. India, but this party antagonistic. The East Pakistan Communist party did not lead the As majority mass of East failed to lead people’s struggle in peasants to armed Bengal as Muslim was object of correct line. struggle against communal exploitation and With the emergence of Khruschevyte British and its feudalist suppression by the Hindu Jamindars, revisionism internationally, that party basis, and denied to lead their armed and as the problem was not solved became a revisionist party. struggles. through revolution, Muslim peasantry As Chairman Mao led international Moreover, during Second , it of voted in favor of struggle against that revisionism, that tried to push Indian people to the unity Pakistan. party got divided into two trends – Pro with British in the name of line of an Since after the creation of Pakistan, Moscow and Pro Peking faction. The anti , and as a result, backward East Bengal became a Pro Peking faction could not free itself Congress and Muslim League that are colony of the comparatively advance from revisionism. Comrade Siraj Sikder representative of Hindu and Muslim West Pakistan. People of East Bengal broke that chain of revisionism. bourgeoisie and feudal of India How and in which context did comrade Gonzalo Guiding Thought evolve? With José Carlos Communist Party, but after his death background was marked by the Mariategui (1894 revisionism prevailed, with a line of influence of revisionism. -1930), Peru “national unity” and then the one of There was the need for a correct produced a great modern revisionism. understanding of José Carlos leader who was The context was one of raising of the Mariategui's works about Peru, for a able to build a real mass struggles, but the ideological correct understanding of Peru as a

2 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism semi-colonial semi-feudal country. there have been three stages. With the beginning of the people's war In the well known interview Gonzalo The first stage laid the basis for the in I980, we entered the third stage, of gave in 1988, he explained in this way development of bureaucrat ; the general crisis of bureaucrat the general context of Peru: the second stage, which deepened the capitalism. “We have an understanding of the development of bureaucrat capitalism, The destruction of contemporary workings of contemporary Peruvian began after World War II, because the Peruvian society has begun because it society, by which we mean the society first stage lasted until then. has become historically outmoded. which came into being in I895. This deeper development of Therefore what we are witnessing is its We believe that the process we are bureaucrat capitalism ripened the end and the only correct course is to living through began then and that conditions for revolution. battle, to fight, and to struggle to bury it.” How and in which context did comrade Alfred Klahr Guiding Thought evolve? Alfred Klahr was a middle of the 1930's, he led the This permitted to understand the eminent Party Austrian section of the Lenin school in situation in a country where the clerical activist from the Moscow, from 1935 to 1937. Austro-fascists were in conflict with the communist move- During this period, he developped a Pan-German national-socialists, each ment in . very deep analysis of the Austrian being expression of different social Because he was society, how its nation emerged from classes. particularly under the German part of Europe to take police attack in the another direction, oriented to the East. 2. Constitution and reconstitution

Did comrade Akram Yari form a new party or join a preexisting party? In many countries, anti-revisionism But, in Afghanistan, anti-revisionism Akram Yari was not member of any was carried out by splitting from was not carried out by splitting from a organization. PYO was the initial steps Communist parties whom fell into former party. of chairman Akram Yari, and also his revisionism. Before formation of PYO, comrade greatest initiative. Did comrade Ibrahim Kaypakkaya form a new party or join a preexisting party? Ibrahim Kaypakkaya was only 21 review of the TIIKP, which officially was the TIIKP, producing his thought. when he joined the TIIKP promoting 's interpretation Then, in April 1972, he broke with the (Revolutionary Workers and Peasants of -. TIIKP, to form the Communist Party of Party of Turkey). Supporting the Great Cultural Turkey / Marxist-Leninist, the TKP/ML. He learnt from the great strike of mid- in , he june 1970 and began to work in the organized a revolutionary fraction in Did comrade Siraj Sikder form a new party or join a preexisting party? Siraj Sikder formed a new party as the society of East Bengal as colonial-semi preparation of a proletarian party, existing communist party fell in feudal, led the proletariat to form its formed East Bengal Workers revisionism. own party, armed force for the first time Movement in 1968 as a preparatory Siraj Sikder is the greatest son of in history, united front by mobilizing organization of a proletarian party, Bangladesh who led the proletariat peasantry, middle class and national initiated armed struggle in 1970 and here to take up Mao Thought as bourgeoisie and building Base Areas. formed Proletarian party of East development of Marxism-Leninism. He formed Mao Zedong research Bengal in 1971, in liberated base in Barisal in southern Bangladesh. On that basis he correctly analyzed the center in 1967 to make ideological Did comrade Gonzalo form a new party or join a preexisting party? Gonzalo led a fraction work to reaffirm “The first period, the first part, is the But, inevitably, Mariátegui was the of Mariategui and to give a Founding of the Party, in which we opposed, negated, his line was correct direction to the Party. were fortunate to have José Carlos abandoned and the constitutional Here is how he presents this struggle Mariátegui, a thoroughgoing Marxist- congress that he left as a pending task in his 1988's interview: Leninist. was never held.

3 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

The so-called Constitutional Congress This whole process takes us to the Party to unite against the revisionist that was held approved, as we know, second period, that of the leadership and, as I have said before, the so-called line of "national unity," Reconstitution of the Party. to expel them in the IVth Conference of which was totally opposed to This is, in sum, a struggle against January 1964. Mariátegui's theories. revisionism. The process of reconstitution continues In this way the Party fell headlong into It is a period that we can clearly see to unfold in the Party until 1978-1979, opportunism, suffering from the beginning to unfold with a certain when it ends and a begins, influence of Browderism, which Del intensity in the beginning of the '60s. the period of Leading the People's War Prado was linked up with, and later, [which begun in 1980], which is the This process leads the members of the modern revisionism. one we are living in now.” Did comrade Alfred Klahr form a new party or join a preexisting party? Alfred Klahr joined the Communist Party of Austria. 3. The GPCR

Did comrade Akram Yari consider itself as a product of the Great Proletarian ? PYO was active in stormy years of Thought, applicable to concrete He fully understood that PYO could GPCR. conditions of Afghanistan. He surely be a frontline of combat under Comrade Akram Yari fully supported considered Mao-Zedong Thought as guiding line of GPCR, so that it could the Proletarian Revolution and the international banner of world lead the struggle against pro- chairman Mao Zedong’s contributions proletariat against modern revisionism. khruchivte revisionist party of “people’s to Marxism-Leninism, and adopted it He fully rejected “Three Peacefuls” and democratic party of Afghanistan”. as Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong “Two Alls” of Khruschivites. Did comrade Ibrahim Kaypakkaya consider itself as a product of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? In the criticism of the program of the TIIKP, Ibrahim Kaypakkaya explains that “our movement is a product of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”. Did comrade Siraj Sikder consider itself as a product of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? Siraj Sikder thought was based on thought as the third stage of Marxism. against Pakistan colonial state. He teachings of Great Proletarian Cultural He carried uncompromising struggle didn’t consider Pro China or any type Revolution. against pro Moscow and pro Peking all of Chinese state activities as Maoist. He formed Mao Zedong research sorts of wrong trends. It was his profound understanding of center in 1967 to make ideological Chinese state made compromise with GPCR that led him to discard any type preparation of a proletarian party, and Pakistani state in 1971 when Siraj revisionism whatever its name or form declared Marxism-Leninism-Mao Sikder was launching people’s war is. Did comrade Gonzalo consider itself as a product of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? Yes, in its interview from 1988, proven and highly competent didn't accept it – after all, there are all Gonzalo explained how the Great , great teachers. sorts of people in this life. Proletarian Cultural Revolution brought Among them I can remember the Later, they taught us about military him to really understand José Carlos teacher who taught us about open and questions. Mariategui: secret work, a man who had devoted But here they also began with politics, “Yes, I've been to China. In China I had his whole life to the Party, and only to people's war, then the forging of the the chance, which I'd like to see many the Party, over the course of many armed forces, strategy and tactics. have, of being in a school where years – a living example and an And then the practical part that went politics was taught, from international extraordinary teacher. with it, like ambushes, attacks, military questions to . He taught us many things, and he movements, as well as how to They were masterful lessons given by wanted to teach us more but some assemble explosive devices.

4 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

When we were handling delicate worry, you've already learned enough. tried to apply it. I think I still have a chemicals they urged us to always Remember what the masses can do, great deal to learn from Chairman Mao keep our ideology first and foremost, they have inexhaustible ingenuity, what Zedong, from Maoism, as well as from because that would enable us to do we've taught you the masses will do Mao's practice. anything, and do it well. and will teach you all over again. That We learned to make our first demolition is what they told us. It isn't about trying to compare myself charges. to him, it is simply using the highest For me it is an unforgettable example pinnacles as a reference point for and experience, an important lesson, achieving our objectives. and a big step in my development – to My stay in China was an unforgettable have been trained in the highest school experience. of Marxism the world has ever seen. I was there on another occasion as Well, if you'd like an anecdote, here's well, when the Great Proletarian one. Cultural Revolution was beginning. We When we were finishing the course on asked them to explain what was then explosives, they told us that anything called Mao Zedong Thought. can explode. They taught us some more and that So, at the end of the course, we picked helped me understand more, a little up a pen and it blew up, and when we more I should say. took a seat it blew up, too. One thing that seems ironic is that the It was a kind of general fireworks more I understood Mao Zedong, the display. more I began to appreciate and value These were perfectly calculated Mariátegui. examples to show us that anything Since Mao urged us to apply creatively, could be blown up if you figured out That school contributed greatly to my I went back and studied Mariátegui how to do it. development and helped me begin to again, and saw that we had in him a We constantly asked, "How do you do gain an appreciation for Chairman Mao first rate Marxist-Leninist who had this? How do you do that?" Zedong. thoroughly analyzed our society. They would tell us, don't worry, don't Later, I studied some more and I have It seems ironic, but it's true.” Did comrade Alfred Klahr consider itself as a product of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? Alfred Klahr died before the GPCR, and even before the success of the Chinese New Democratic revolution in 1949. 4. The main documents

What were Akram Yari's main documents? The program of PYO, drafted and then So, comrade Yari hid his hand writings. contributions mainly of its members as adopted principally in second congress Regretly, in a poor country like membership fee. of PYO. Afghanistan, during that time, there 3°) Due to dangerous situation and Misfortunately, most of the writings of was less possibility for revolutionary highly police states during times of comrade Akram Yari, still are books to be printed mainly because of King Zaher, and later on during unavailable. three reasons: “ president term” of Lord Dawod, there He has buried them, to save them. 1°) Lack of printing houses: almost all was no secure and facility for printing houses. From the time of King Zaher till PDPA of the printing houses were of and regime, all regimes were under control of state. Most of the few available clandestine chasing and suppressing clandestine 2°) No accessibility to modern printing hand printing machines were unveiled Maoist elements. machine, and no budget for that and arrested by security forces, and the revolutionaries were always sent to Revisionist PDPA while in power was purposes. jail, and worse than that: shot to death. the principal enemy of Marxist-Leninist- PYO had no struggle economical Maoists of Afghanistan. backbone. It mainly gained

5 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

NOTE OF THE COMRADES OF AFGHANISTAN If there are few documents remaining which has always represented Maoism in development of guiding thought of from Chairman Akram Yari, then, how and contributed to revolutionary praxis. revolution. can you prove his guiding thought According to our knowledge and So, our organization is the only Maoist having been formed? summations, comrade Akram Yari is as force in Afghanistan who stands in Akram Yari: a generation of crucial to Afghanistan revolution as favor of Guiding Thought, and says: communists was taught by him. comrade Mariategui was for Peruvian Guiding Thought of comrade Akram They learned from him that: it is the revolution. Mariategui’s line, Yari, however generated, but still in proletarians of Afghanistan who is the contributed in formation of Gonzalo formation and development, is the vanguard of revolution of Afghanistan. Thought. guiding thought of New Democratic revolution in Afghanistan and will also They learned from him that: our Because of being the initiator and the be the guarantee of triumph until coming revolution is a democratic founder, and because of establishing communism. revolution of a new type: a New the Maoist line in Afghanistan, we call Democratic Revolution. the application of Maoism in Our opponents and so called “Maoists” Afghanistan as Akram Yari Thought. claim that: OWA (MLM p-M) is copying They learned from him that: our PCP. We say: NO! revolution is part of world proletarian revolution. We are reviving Maoism in Afghanistan! And finally, and mainly they learned from him that: Maoism has contributed Our work is the leading core of and taught the continuation of development of Akram Yari Thought. revolution under of However this thought does not fully proletariat, and today, to be a Marxist inhere its development from Akram means to be a combatant of shining Yari directly, but, historically and trench of Marxism-Leninism Mao- basically, it is Akram Yari‘s teachings Zedong Thought (Maoism was then which is being developed by our named Mao’s Thought in 1960s, as organization and being presented as are all aware of this). guiding thought of revolution. Today, Organization of the workers of In our concrete conditions, our Afghanistan (Marxist—Leninist-Maoist, organization and the guiding thought of principally Maoist) holds that: it is the Akram Yari are identical. guiding thought of comrade Akram Yari ‘Outside’ this, you can find “Maoism” which gives us the strength and liability. without guiding thought and even Neglecting this shining trench, as the against thesis of (Guiding Thought). history of these four decades proved, Otherwise, it is Organization of the For example: Communist Maoist Party causes deviations from Maoism, and workers of Afghanistan (Marxist- of Afghanistan, rejects and ridicules makes revolutionaries fall in Leninist-Maoist, principally Maoist) who thesis of Guiding Thought and Great revisionism. at the present time is dedicated to Leadership by naming them as Non- Parts of revolutionaries who separated develop the guiding thought of Maoist appendages of Gonzalo. revolution in Afghanistan. their way from that of chairman Akram So, in our concrete reality, we are the Yari’s line fell to dogma-revisionism of Other sections and groupings, first to accept and adopt “thought” and Enver Hoxa and revisionism of however claiming legacy of Akram “people’s war until communism”! centrists who claimed , and Yari, still reject the formulation of Our organization is the embodiment of finally gave up to revisionist PDPA. (Guiding thought and great leadership). Akram Yari Thought. It is shining line of comrade Akram Yari, So, they fall apart and fail to participate What were Ibrahim Kaypakkaya's main documents? Ibrahim Kaypakkaya, who died at the the revisionism of the Safak (Aydınlık) Ibrahim Kaypakkaya consists in 11 age of 21, wrote four main documents. by the TKP/ML”. articles and a long document called These documents are the basic Safak (Dawn) was the illegal central “The main points that separate us from documents for the foundation of the organ of the revisionist Revolutionary the Safak – revisionism”; the whole TKP/ML (Communist Party of Turkey / Workers and Peasants Party of forms a book of 150 pages. Marxist-Leninist). Turkey, whereas Aydınlık (Clarity) was The three others documents of Ibrahim The first one, written at the beginning the legal organ upholding the line of Kaypakkaya, which make 60 pages of 1972 after the formation of the this Party. each, are more famous. TKP/ML, is called “General criticism of The “General criticism” made by In January 1972, Kaypakkaya wrote

6 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

“Criticism of the program of the TIIKP second one is the very important where he deals with the Kurdish (Aydınlık)” and “Views on kemalism”. document where he characterizes question, rejecting the of The first document is a criticism of the kemalism as . revisionism and defending the right of revisionist TIIKP in the spirit of the In December 1971, he had also wrote self-determination. “General criticism”, whereas the “The national question in Turkey”, What were Siraj SIkder's main documents? Siraj Sikder produced a lot of situation in 1972) 9. Draft constitution of Proletarian documents. 5. Establish independent East Bengal. party of East Bengal. (September, Since when he started his political (8 January, 1971) 1971) Six Mountains’ Lackeys disguised as patriot (October, 1971) activity as a Maoist Leader, his pen 6. On some slogans. (January 1971) never stopped. More than one 10. Rely upon peasants in National 7. Open letter of East Bengal Workers hundred documents are found till now. Liberation War! Smash the winter Movement to sheikh Mujiv and the campaign of the Pak military bandits He wrote ideological, organizational, Awami League. (2 March 1971) political, poetry, literary critique. And the anti-people activities of the six 8. Cadres of East Bengal Workers mountains’ lackey The Awami League Main documents are: Movement, Be brave! Firmly seize Liberation Force fascist ! 1. Theses of East Bengal Workers political power! Annihilate national Spread Guerrilla war to broader Movement (First published in 8 enemies! Build National Liberation regions!(October, 1971) January 1968, republished in rewritten Army! Implement program! (23 April, 11. First Congress Report (January, and edited form in December 1, 1968) 1971) 1972) 2. Difference of Proletarian 12. Heroic people of East Bengal, Our Revolutionaries of East Bengal with struggle has not yet finished, carry on Huq-Toha neo revisionists, the Deben- the great struggle to Finish the Motin Trotskyte-Guevarists and the Unfinished national democratic conspirator Kaji-Rono traitor clique on Revolution of East Bengal (March, determining principal contradiction at 1972, corrected and reprinted in May the present stage of social 1972 and March, 1974) development of East Bengal. (Eastly 1970) 13. Role of Leaders and Cadres in revolution (1972) 3. Exposure of the draft strategy and program of the so called East Bengal 14. On , class struggle and Communist Party, the party that is left (October, 1972) in form, right in essence. (March, 1970, 15.Some problems of building an republished in edited form in April, armed force under the leadership of 1972) political party of proletarian class of 4. Class analysis of East Bengal East Bengal (April 30, 1974) society. (Early 1970, republished in edited form in changed political What were Gonzalo's main documents? Gonzalo's main document are, “Democratic Revolution”, “Military circumstances. Some think this is a besides the well known interview from Line”, “The Line of Construction of the great defeat. They are dreaming! We 1988 and “Ila-80”, the documents of Three Instruments of the Revolution”, tell them to keep on dreaming. It is the first congress of the reconstituted “The ”. simply a bend, nothing more, a bend in Communist Party of Peru which form To be added is also the speech held in the road! The road is long and we shall the Basis of Party Unity (BUP): September 1992 whereas he was arrive. We shall triumph! You shall see “Marxism-Leninism-Maoism”, “Gonzalo arrested (“We are here in these it! You shall see it!”). Thought”, “International Line”, What were Alfred Klahr's main documents? Alfred Klahr's main documents are: review “Weg und Ziel” (The way and made there between Austrian and 1. the series of articles called “Zur the goal); German communists (Klahr managed nationalen Frage in Österreich” (On the 2. the “Auschwitz text”, written in the to escape, but died afterwards in national question in Austria), published concentration camp Auschwitz- , shot by the SS). in 1937 in the Austrian communist Birkenau, synthesis of the debates

7 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism 5. The People's War

Did the revolutionary Akram Yari launch people’ s war? Akram Yari himself could not launch young. launched by revolutionary Mao- people’s war. But, his teaching paved the way for Thought groupings against “Soviet” He was still so young he fell sick, and future possibility of launching social imperialist invasion in got schizophrenic. revolutionary armed struggle and Afghanistan, which was launched by then revolutionary organizations such For second, he was murdered by finally the Protracted People’s War. as “SAMA” in first half of 1980s came revisionist PDPA when he was still For example, revolutionary struggle from teachings of Akram Yari. Did the revolutionary Ibrahim Kaypakkaya launch people’ s war? Yes, Ibrahim Kaypakkaya found the reactionary army in the mountain of city, then put in Diyarbakirs prison for TIKKO, the Workers' and Peasants' Dersim; he managed to escape, nearly four months, where he was in Liberation Army of Turkey (Türkiye İşci however, he was captured a week solitary confinement and systematically ve Köylü Kurtuluş Ordusu). afterwards. tortured. Ibrahim Kaypakkaya himself was He was forced to walk barefoot over He was finally shot by the reaction as severely wounded during a fight with 50 km snow and icy rivers from city to he revealed absolutely no information. Did the revolutionary Siraj Sikder launch people’ s war? After taking up Marxism-Leninism Mao struggle in 1968 and Proletarian party 71) and later in Hill Tract Zedong thought as the third stage of of East Bengal was formed in 1971 in during 72 to 75. Marxism, he led proletariat to form its liberated area when party was carrying When comrade Siraj Sikder was organization to develop a proletarian people’s war. arrested and killed by the Awami party. Apart from countrywide armed League Government at the young age Under his leadership preparatory struggle, party could establish Base of 30 in 1975, party and armed organisation of party – the East Bengal Area twice: once in Payarabagan struggle got weakened, but armed Workers Movement initiated armed forest of river delta of Barisal district (in activities continued. Did the revolutionary Gonzalo launch people’ s war? Gonzalo, as leader of the Communist Party of Peru, led the reconstitution of the Party, its organization towards People's War, the launching of the People's War in 1980, and the development of it it, until its arrest in 1992. Did the revolutionary Alfred Klahr launch people’ s war? Alfred Klahr's party was very weak in 1938. There was no particular consideration the 1920's, it had to face fascism in The illegal activities was a part of the from Alfred Klahr about armed 1934 and then the Nazi occupation in general antifascist struggle. struggle. 6. The recognition

Was Akram Yari recognized as a new leader? Chairman Akram Yari was recognized He was the first Maoist leader in his leadership and his initiative as the as a new leader from the beginning of Afghanistan, and was the initiator and leader of the movement of New the Maoist movement in Afghanistan. founder of Maoist Line in Afghanistan. of Afghanistan. Besides, all upheld that: Until now, there is no Maoist neglecting Was Ibrahim Kaypakkaya recognized as a new leader? Yes, Ibrahim Kaypakkaya became the whereas on the other side, the Until today, the figure of Ibrahim great figure of the Maoist movement in romanticism of the guevarist Mahir Kaypakkaya is central for Maoists or Turkey. Cayan was considered as half even “marxist-leninists”, who of course Yet, it is to notice that the Turkish acceptable, and the romanticism of the pretend to “correct” him, negating the reactionary state made all to ban hoxhaist Deniz Gezmis nearly reference to Mao Zedong, the people's anything that has to do with him, authorized. war, the New Democratic Revolution.

8 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

Was Siraj Sikder recognized as a new leader? Comrade Siraj Sikder was recognized as the most prominent Maoist leader of East Bengal and at the same time as a great national leader in the history of East Bengal. Was Gonzalo recognized as a new leader? Yes, Gonzalo was recognized as the Party, as the individual carrying the Revolution in Peru. leader of the red fraction fighting thought necessary for the New He became an essential person for the revisionism, as the leader of the new Democratic and then Socialist history of modern Peru. Was Alfred Klahr recognized as a new leader? The conditions were not made that Therefore, Alfred Klahr's work was not This was indeed true, more and more, Alfred Klahr took the lead of the Party; taken in consideration. exactly as Klahr predicted it. after the defeat of , the Nevertheless, Alfred Klahr was the first Klahr's prestige grew so, but only in new direction of the Communist Party to affirm that the Austria nation exist some intellectual circles and without of Austria was already going in a and that this reality would increase in any ideological conclusion from it. revisionist trend. the conscience of the masses. 7. The universality of People's War

Did Akram Yari consider that People’ s War is universal? Chairman Akram Yari reaffirmed evident that Chairman Akram Yari Our organization (OWA-MLM-p- himself in Chairman Mao’s teaching used PW for all countries, as universal. Maoist) developing chairman Akram that’s says: political power grows out of Indeed, it was Chairman Gonzalo who Yari’s line, bases itself in recognition of the barrel of a gun. for the first time publicized such PPW (protracted people’s war) as He declared that: the question of documentary stand based in Chairman universal and until communism. power, power for proletariat, is the Mao’s teachings. Indeed, it is comrade “X” the leader of basic point in Mao-Thought, and it is a But, comrade Akram, by considering our organization, who has developed universal rule that: only through revolutionary armed struggle in all Chairman Akram Yari’s revolutionary revolutionary armed struggle it is countries, as universal road to power line, by enriching it with chairman possible to overthrow reactionaries of for proletariat, indeed, has laid the Gonzalo’s doctrine of recognition of the world. foundation for this concept in universality of people’s war until There is no existing documentary Afghanistan. communism. Did Ibrahim Kaypakkaya consider that People’ s War is universal? Kaypakkaya didn't deal with this affirms that “The red political power is question. possible in all backwarded countries, However, dealing with the question of colonial like semi-colonial. the red political power following Mao's It is only in imperialist countries where it conceptions, Ibrahim Kaypakkaya is not possible.” Did Siraj Sikder consider that People’ s War is universal? This is chairman Gonzalo in Peru who During the time of Siraj Sikder, it was first put forward the idea of universality only Protracted People’s war that was of People’s war. the idea of oppressed countries to make revolution. Did Gonzalo consider that People’ s War is universal? Gonzalo is the one who theorized the for revolutionary violence, is a universal universality of Peope's War. law with no exception. Here is his explanation in the 1988's Revolutionary violence is what allows interview: us to resolve fundamental “With regard to violence we start from contradictions by means of an army, the principle established by Chairman through people's war. Mao Zedong: violence, that is the need Why do we start from Chairman Mao's

9 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism thesis? universal law, without any exception. revolutionaries must reaffirm our Because we believe Mao reaffirmed That's why we take his thesis as our principles. Marxism on this question, establishing starting point. The problem of revolutionary violence that there are no exceptions This is an essential question of is how to actually carry it out with whatsoever to this law. Marxism, because without people's war. What Marx held, that violence is the revolutionary violence one class The way we see this question is that midwife of history, continues to be a cannot replace another, an old order when Chairman Mao Zedong totally valid and monumental cannot be overthrown to create a new established the theory of people's war contribution. one – today a new order led by the and put it into practice, he provided the proletariat through Communist Parties. Lenin expounded upon violence and proletariat with its military line, with a spoke about Engels' panegyric praise The problem of revolutionary violence military theory and practice that is of revolutionary violence, but it was the is an issue that is more and more universally valid and therefore Chairman who told us that it was a being put on the table for discussion, applicable everywhere in accordance and therefore we communists and with the concrete conditions.” Did Alfred Klahr consider that People’ s War is universal? Klahr lived before the international affirmation of the People's War. 8. Literature

Did Akram Yari quote literature? Chairman Akram Yari had studied figure in Marxist studies of the time. Faculty of Science. The remnants of his writings in prose He was also a self-promoted individual proven his highly educated intellect. in Literature and literary works. No one at his time argued being Besides, he was the most outstanding superior to him in social studies. Did Ibrahim Kaypakkaya quote literature? No, Ibrahim Kaypakka's works don't contain such references. Did Siraj Sikder quote literature? He wrote some articles on literature. British colonial Bengal. He wrote a preface of his poetry book: He wrote an article on Sarat Chandra democratic writer of Bengali literature. People’s war in Panorama. Chattrapadhyay, the most popular It is believed that he participated in writing a book on women liberation in He wrote critical criticism on Sukanto Bengali novelist of British colonial perspective of entitle: Mekong Bhattacharjee, a revolutionary poet of Bengal and evaluated him as national daughter sings the song of liberation. Did Gonzalo quote literature? Not, but in its interview from 1988, Shakespeare, yes, and to study him. the political significance, what is behind Gonzalo stressed his interest for When you study Shakespeare you find it. literature: political issues. After all, behind every great artist there “What do I like to read? I read a lot of There are very clear lessons in Julius is a political leader, there is a man of biographies. I think that literature is a Caesar for example, and in MacBeth. his time who is waging class struggle. great form of artistic expression. I like literature, but politics always wins I have also read Peruvian novels and For instance, I like to read out with me, and leads me to look for sometimes I reread them.” Did Alfred Klahr quote literature? Alfred Klahr didn't quote literature in his He mentions “writers and poets such musicians such as Mozart, Haydn, articles, nevertheless in one article as Grillparzer, Anastasius Grün, Schubert, Strauss, Bruckner; masters about the Austrian nation, he refers to Raimund, Nestroy, Kürnberger, of fine arts such as Makart, Defregger, authors who represent the Austrian Anzengruber, Rosegger, Schnitzler, Egger-Lienz, Waldmüller, Anton Hanak culture as it was separating from the Ferdinand Saar, Schönherr, Wildgans, and others.” rest of Germans. Karl Kraus, Petzold, Stefan Zweig,

10 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism 9. Poetry

Did Akram Yari write poetry? Until now, we have no piece of poetry of him. It is still uncertain. Did Ibrahim Kaypakkaya write poetry? No, not for what is known. Did Siraj Sikder write poetry? Yes, Siraj Sikder wrote a poetry book: At the hill tract of Chittagong when he People’s war in Panaroma. saw a Murong girl climbing down hill : We give a few examples of his verses. “The small Murong girl is climbing Siraj Sikder when traveling watched down the hill the nature, villages and dreamed of a When will she possess a rifle on her people’s war: shoulder?” “Green village full of jute and rice At the hill tract of Chittagong watching paddy in the direction of Mayanmar he His famous poem O Red soil of Scattered houses and villages covered thought: Savar : with trees “These mountains, other side is “O Red soil of Savar Myanmar After several enemies are wiped out Small slopes There comrades are working Those villages will be ours” Here you have ignited the fire of When will we meet with them?” resistance” Did Gonzalo write poetry? No, nevertheless he wrote some really temperament and special material, we We are like a powerful and palpitating famous texts for the Communist Party are Communists ready for everything blood. of Peru, characterized by a very high and we know what needs to be fought. Let us take the unbendable iron and level of poetic prose. We have already fought it and will fight steel, the class, and mix it together with The most famous is “Initiate the Armed it again tomorrow. the unwithering light of Marxism- Struggle in 1980”, aka “ILA-80”. What will be confronted tomorrow will Leninism Mao Zedong Thought. Excerpt of “The Flag”, 1980: be the child of the present, it will be Enthusiasm means to participate in “We are all subjected to the storm; the harder but by then we will be tempered the force of the Gods, therefore, we wind blows away the leaves, but the by the past and as we forge ourselves are full of enthusiasm. seeds remain. today. We participate in the divinities of the In 1927, a great storm led to the birth of We will temper our souls in the real world: The masses, the class, the Communist Party of Peru (PCP). revolution, this is the only flame Marxism and the revolution. capable of forging us. The Party has entered a great storm; That is why we have inexhaustible everything will be set ablaze. We need a great deal of optimism and enthusiasm. there is a reason for it. For a long time, we have sought to That is why we have strength, become a polar center. We are the makers of tomorrow, we optimism, and a vigorous spirit are guides, the garrison of the overflowing with enthusiasm.” Now is the time. invincible triumph of the class. About this revolutionary style of writing, The path we are undertaking is correct, This is why we are optimists. Gonzalo explained in its 1988's and all the problems we face will be interview: resolved. We are enthusiastic by nature. “I'd say that sometimes in politics you Today is the day of pledging to the flag, We are nurtured by the ideology of our have to let yourself go, so that the but ours is the Red Flag, a distinct one, class: Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong passion, the deep feelings, can with the hammer and sickle. Thought. strengthen our determination. Our flag is absolutely red; all those who We live the life of the class. At such times, so they say, the heart rebel have red flags.” We participate in its heroic deeds. speaks and I believe that the Excerpt of ILA-80: The blood of our people flow and burns revolutionary passion which is “We are Communists of a distinct within us. indispensable for war expresses itself.

11 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

What literary value it might have I poetry in an anthology. about Chairman Mao, who was an couldn't really say.” And I studied it before, too--there were extraordinary poet. About poetry, in its interview from 1988, some works at the university library As to Peruvian poetry, for me, Vallejo. Gonzalo noted also: that I had access to. I like poetry. It is Yes, he is ours, and besides, he was a “At one time I was surveying world another one of the things I admire communist.” Did Alfred Klahr write poetry? It doesn't seem that Alfred Klahr wrote poetry. 10. The revolutionary youth

Did Akram Yari start his revolutionary career from school times? Yes. He began his work while still he became a teacher at high school, and The foundation of PYO (Progressive was a student at school. there, he trained hundreds of young Youth Organization) roots from those After graduation from university, he school boys as future revolutionaries. years. Did Ibrahim Kaypakkaya start his revolutionary career from school times? Ibrahim Kaypakkaya died at 21 after Istanbul University’s Science Faculty, November 1968 because of preparing having being tortured for nearly four Physics Branch. a leaflet against the American 6th months; he had already build the party He joined in the foundation of the Capa Fleet. and the liberation army. Idea Club in March 1968; becoming its He afterwards wrote articles in the It shows what his life was before. president. revolutionary left press, and became Kaypakkaya discovered revolutionary He was then expelled from school in soon a leader. ideas, as he was a student in the Did Siraj Sikder start his revolutionary career from school times? Yes, Comrade Siraj Sikder started his He was involved with pro Peking left Engineering College, he was elected revolutionary career since his high wing Students’ Union. as the central vice president of the school time. When he was studying in Ahsanullah same organization. Did Gonzalo start his revolutionary career from school times? Born in 1934, Gonzalo described in its make the reactionaries tremble, “My interest in politics began to interview of 1988 events that marked despite all their power. develop at the end of high school, him in its youth: Another thing was the struggles of based on the events of I950. “I'd say that what has most influenced 1956, when the people fought, while In the following years, I remember me to take up politics has been the others betrayed them – well, that is forming a group with my schoolmates struggle of the people. what the opportunists and to study political ideas. We were very I saw the fighting spirit of the people reactionaries do – but the people eager to study all kinds of political during the uprising in Arequipa in fought and carried the day, and there ideas. You can probably understand 1950 – how the masses fought with were mass movements, powerful what kind of period that was. uncontainable fury in response to the ones. That was the beginning for me. barbarous slaughter of the youth. These events, for example, helped me Then in college, the struggle at the And I saw how they fought the army, understand the power of the masses, university, I experienced firsthand big forcing them to retreat to their barracks. that they make history. strikes, confrontations between And how forces had to be brought in I also had the occasion, going back a Apristas and communists, and from other places in order to crush the little further now, to see the uprising in debates. people. Callao in 1948, to see with my own And so my interest in books was eyes the people's courage, how the This is an event that, I'd say, has been sparked. people were brimming with heroism, imprinted quite vividly in my memory. Someone saw fit to lend me one, I and how the leadership betrayed believe it was "One Step Forward, Two Because there, after having come to them.” understand Lenin, I understood how Steps Back." In the interview, he explained how the people, how our class, when they I liked it, I began to study Marxist these mass struggles brought him in take to the streets and march, can books. direction of Communism:

12 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

Then the figure of Comrade Stalin arrangements were. I had my plans, There too, I started to understand made a big impression on me. the proletariat had others. Chairman Mao Zedong, I advanced in At that time people who were drawn to The masses and the people change understanding Marxism. communism and those who became us in many ways; Ayacucho helped The conflict between Marxism and Party members were trained using me discover the peasantry. revisionism has been very important in Problems of Leninism. At that time, Ayacucho was a very my development. It was our mainstay and I studied it as it small town, mainly countryside. Some unlucky soul lent me the famous deserved to be studied, seriously, If you go to the poor sections, even Chinese letter, "A Proposal Concerning given its importance. today, you find peasants there, and if the General Line of the International Stalin's life interested me. He was, for you walk towards the outskirts, in Communist Movement." us, an example of revolution. fifteen minutes you're already in the He lent it to me on the condition that I'd I had problems getting into the countryside. return it. Obviously it was an Communist Party. They had an absurd understandable theft. The letter led me policy. To become a member, you had to get more deeply into the great to be the son or daughter of a worker, struggle between Marxism and and I wasn't. revisionism. But others had different criteria and so I I committed myself to work within the was able to join the Party. Party and to wipe out revisionism, and I believe that together with other I participated in the defense of Stalin. comrades we achieved it. At that time, taking him away from us We gave up on one or two who were would have been like taking away our too far gone, they were dyed-in-the- soul. In those days, the works of Stalin wool revisionists. were more widely propagated than those of Lenin. Ayacucho was of enormous importance for me, it has to do with the That's what the times were like. revolutionary road and Chairman Later I made a trip to Ayacucho for Mao's teachings. work reasons. So through this whole process I was I thought it would be a short stay, but it becoming a Marxist, and the Party was lasted for years. I thought it would just molding me, resolutely and patiently, I be for a year, because that's what the believe.” Did Alfred Klahr start his revolutionary career from school times? Born in September 1904, Alfred Klahr (KOSTUFRA). Then, he worked from 1930 to 1932 in joined already when he was an Afterwards, he stayed for some Moscow as representative of the adolescent the Communist Youth months in Berlin working at the Communist Youth Union of Austria. Union, who was born in Austria redaction of the Rote Fahne (Red At the end of this period, he became following the 1917 revolution in . Flag), central organ of the Communist representative of the Rote Fahne of Becoming a student, he joined also the Party of Germany, to work afterwards Austria. Communist Group of Students for the Rote Fahne of Austria. 11. A thought in development

If Akram Yari was alive would he succeed promoting a more developed thought, as Gonzalo Thought? MLMs uphold that: line is decisive. So, that of Mao-Thought? And was not it expanding it by upholding, defending it is the development of correct line of chairman Gonzalo who developed it by and applying Maoism to the concrete Akram Yari that gave rise to Akram Yari contributions of a highly universal conditions of our country and this will Thought which was developed by recognition? As is the case for Akram be done by waging PPW and Organization of the Workers of Yari and comrade”X”. As was the case continuing it until Communism. Afghanistan (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, with Mariategui and Chairman It is Chairman Akram Yari’s line, which principally Maoist) under leadership of Gonzalo in Peru. contributes as a core in formation of comrade “x”. Was not it chairman Chairman Akram Yari generated the Akram Yari Thought, and it is the Gonzalo who formulated Maoism from Thought, and we are developing and guarantee of triumph.

13 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

If Ibrahim Kaypakkaya was alive would he succeed promoting a more developed thought, as Gonzalo Thought? Certainly, as Ibrahim Kaypakkaya managed to understand the reality of Turkey's society, with the main question of bureaucratic capitalism and the national Kurdish question. If Siraj Sikder was alive would he succeed promoting a more developed thought, as Gonzalo Thought? Siraj Sikder already made many figures of contemporary communist Bangladesh revolution could succeed contributions in theory and practice of movement of the world. and naturally the leadership and revolution in East Bengal. So, if he was alive, as we know the thought would develop, and, without a He was one of the most developed general tendency of material law, thought there can be no revolution. If Alfred Klahr was alive would he succeed promoting a more developed thought, as Gonzalo Thought? Alfred Klahr's thought could not Austrian working class trying to Communist Party in Austria, but also of develop itself, because of the concrete surpass the really strong and very social-democracy, following 1945, it conditions of Austria. radical social-democratic stage that would have been really hard for Klahr It was more the product of the preceded. to forge a revolutionary line in this ideological and political birth of the With the weight of revisionism in the difficult context. Gonzalo's teaching: From thought to People's War (CPMLM-France)

1. Gonzalo and revolutionary participate in its heroic deeds. The removing the ideological mists and optimism blood of our people flow and burns bourgeois pretensions of making the within us. We are like a powerful and last and total revolution. When a class moves in the direction of palpitating blood. taking power, it must build strong But they did not integrate this abilities in all fields, and of course it is Let us take the unbendable iron and ideological-cultural question in scientific more true than ever in the case of the steel, the class, and mix it together with socialism, because at their time there working class, which must have an all the unwithering light of Marxism- was no new democratic / socialist powerful cultural and ideological Leninism Mao Zedong Thought.” revolution in the world. system, permitting to understand all aspects of a society and to 2. Each revolutionary class 3. Thoughts as expression revolutionize it. calls to epic struggle of the movement of Gonzalo played a historical role in When the French matter permitting to understand this. stretched out at the end of the 18th With the socialist revolution in Russia century, there was the historical need He stressed that the revolutionaries in October 1917 and the new for an epic mobilization of the masses. must uphold absolute optimism; in the democratic revolution in China winning document “ILA-80” that explains the The bourgeoisie dived in the past, in 1949, dialectical launching of armed struggle in Peru in looking for something that could formulated scientifically the question of 1980, he explained: appeared as near as possible to their avant-garde, of the revolutionary party. own needs and took what could be a “We need a great deal of optimism and Revolutionary ideology leads the design to galvanize the struggle: the there is a reason for it. revolutionary process; in the Roman republic. revolutionary party itself, two-line We are the makers of tomorrow, we Napoleon, moving from the figure of a struggles arise in the process: the life are guides, the garrison of the Roman general to an imperial Cesar, of the Communist Party obeys also to invincible triumph of the class. This is was the toy of a historical process the rules of dialectical development. why we are optimists. where he led international changes And so do thoughts, as they are the We are enthusiastic by nature. We are needed by the French bourgeoisie to reflect of the world, of matter in nurtured by the ideology of our class: fully develop itself in the conquest of dialectical movement, at the dimension Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong power. of the universe itself. Thought. and have In the document “Life, Matter, the We live the life of the class. We explained this ideological question, Universe, part 7: What is a thought?”

14 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism promoted by the CPMLM [France], it is So, along the call for enthusiasm, he situation, but also precisely the explained: formulated the conception that in each economical situation and the cultural- “Thought consists in molecular and country arises a revolutionary thought, ideological aspects. chemical motions in the brain, motions synthesizing society and affirming the They often quoted literary works and that are matter and that are the correct way to resolve the social made references to their own culture, consequence of the movement of contradictions. of the cultural-ideological situation of matter outside the body – the exterior History in motion produces enthusiasm the masses (for example the movement is perceived. and the correct understanding of reality relationship of authority in the In this movement of perception, gray in the thoughts of the masses, of the countryside, the emergence or not of matter develops itself – it comes to avant-garde, of the revolutionary capitalism in the countryside, etc.). synthetic understanding of the leadership. In numerous others situations, dialectical movement of matter. In the document “On Gonzalo's revolutionary leaders produced a Then, it becomes openly an thought” of the Communist Party of thought, a synthesis of their own reality. expression of matter in movement.” Peru, it is explained: In Peru, José Carlos Mariátegui wrote “Revolutions give rise to a thought that in 1928 a full analysis of the history of 4. Individuals do not think guides them, which is the result of the his country: “Seven Interpretive Essays In the 13th century, French reaction application of the universal truth of the on Peruvian Reality”, which explains had to struggle against materialist ideology of the international proletariat the history of the process of theses in the University of Paris. to the concrete conditions of each colonization, the situation of the These theses were the logical revolution; a guiding thought countryside and of the Quechua conclusions of the thought of Averroes indispensable to reach victory and to Indians, etc. (1126-1198), the great thinker of the conquer political power and, moreover, In Italy, Antonio Gramsci, one of the Falsafa, the arabo-persian philosophy. to continue the revolution and to founder of the Communist Party in maintain the course always towards 1926, studied in the same way the The Church had forbidden 13 theses in the only, great goal: Communism.” 1270, and among them: “The culture and the history of its country, proposal: 'man thinks' is false or understanding the nature of the Italian incorrect”, “Freewill is a passive power, state and the historical contradiction not active, which is driven by the need between the north and the south of desire”, “Human's will wants and (mezzogiorno) of the country. chooses by necessity”, “There has Alfred Klahr was the first to never been a first man”, “The world is explain that his country Austria was a eternal”, “There is only one intellect nation (“On the national question in numerically identical for all men”. Austria”, 1937) and how German These theses are correct and an was not only under control of expression of materialism. the imperialist , but also of the Junkers. When is spoken about a thought, it is not spoken about the thought of an Ibrahim Kaypakkaya, born in 1949 and individual, even if an individual killed by the Turkish state in 1973, expresses it. Individuals do not think. produced a comprehensive study of the “revolution” made by Mustafa Humankind is matter in movement, Kemal and the kemalist ideology, thought is merely a reflect of the paving the way to a correct movement. understanding to Turkey's economical, There can not be individual thought, political and cultural-ideological nature. what indivuals thinks is the expression Ulrike Meinhof studied the nature of of desire and necessity. 6. Thought as synthesis of a dependency of West Germany, which 5. Thought as cultural- society was under control of the ; seeing the process of economical ideological weapon for Each national society knows reprise after 1945, she proposed a revolution in each country contradictions, that the communist long term strategy of People's War Gonzalo did not only call to thought analyzes, producing the based on the poorest elements in the revolutionary optimism because there revolutionary synthesis that consists in youth and the struggle against the US was the need of epic struggles. the revolutionary program and the imperialist presence. She was This would be subjectivist and not methods to realize it. murdered in prison in 1976. conform to communist ideology, that In Russia and China, Lenin and Mao Another great revolutionary producing tends to the future and not to the past. Zedong knew not only the political a thought was Siraj Sikder, in East

15 Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism

Bengal. thought, principally the thought (for revolutionary forces to marxism- Born in 1944, he understood both the example in Peru: marxism-leninism- leninism-maoism, the MPP came the Pakistani and the Indian expansionism, maoism Gonzalo thought, principally point to support centrists, as they were proposing the path of agrarian Gonzalo thought). recognizing maoism in words. revolution to obtain national The reason for that was the thought This is an example of independence. He was murdered in means the synthesis in a concrete misunderstanding the main aspect. custody in 1975. situation, with its application. In the What counts is not to assume People's same way, one principle is to “uphold, War in an abstract way, but People's 7. People's War as product defend and apply, principally apply.” War based on Thought. of the thought The “thought” is genuine and correct Revisionism in Nepal is a good Following the dialectical materialist only if it means a real confrontation on example: despite of assuming lesson of Gonzalo, the communists all aspects of old society, the practical “People's War”, what was called have in each country the task to aspect being on the forefront. “Prachanda's path” never had a high produce a synthesis of their own cultural-ideological level, whereas it national situation, as the revolutionary contained already numerous errors contradictions are to be resolved in this concerning the basic principles of frame. . People's War is not a “method” or a style of work, it is the material 10. Our horizon: producing production of the thought, i.e. the thoughts and reject fascism revolutionary confrontation with the old Our horizon is the following: in each state and the reactionary ruling country, a communist thought must be classes, according a strategy based on produced, synthesis of the society, the thought, on the revolutionary showing the way to resolve the synthesis made in the practical study contradictions. of a country. Communists can not make a When the genuine revolutionary revolution in their own country without thought is produced, it seeks having a high level on the cultural- confrontation with the old society, at all ideological fields. levels. People's War doesn't mean The masses live in a culture full of only armed struggle, but also the music, movies, literature; the teachings cultural-ideological negation of the of the Great Proletarian Cultural values of the old society. Revolution remember us the If the revolutionaries don't have the 9. Thought and People's importance of the struggle in this field. level to lead the struggle in all fields, War are not independent The communists in the world must they won't be able to make triumph the concepts exchange their experiences and their revolution and to fight the attempts of During the 1990's-2000's, the Peru knowledge; on many fields, they have restoration of the old society. Popular Movement (MPP), organism the same struggles to lead. This understanding is the direct generated by the Communist Party of If the communists are not able do this, consequence of Mao Zedong's Peru for the work abroad, led an the reactionary ruling classes will teachings about culture and ideology important work to promote marxism- produce an ideology diving in the past and of the Great Proletarian Cultural leninism-maoism. to “regenerate” society, a false Revolution. Unfortunately, when moving to the “socialism”, which is fascism. practical national aspects, the MPP 8. “” Principally apply Each thought is so of historical only called to follow Peru's example significance; it is the basis of People's Gonzalo considered that our ideology and has never been able to help War. Each thought permits to launch was not only marxism-leninism- communists to produce a synthesis of the People's War, that destroys the old maoism, but marxism-leninism- their own situation. state, and as this process generalizes maoism principally maoism. The MPP never called to study the itself, it becomes a world People's War. He wanted to show that our ideology is national realities, and instead of this The thought becomes then the a synthesis and not an assembly of promoted a cosmopolitism consisting synthesis of the world society that teachings. in reproducing a style of work in a emerges on the rubbles of , In the same way, he considered that in stereotyped manner. paving the way for the building of a each country, the ideology was Instead of accompanying genuine world . marxism-leninism-maoism and the

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