L'afrique Septentrionale
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Plinius Senior Naturalis Historia Liber V
PLINIUS SENIOR NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER V 1 Africam Graeci Libyam appellavere et mare ante eam Libycum; Aegyptio finitur, nec alia pars terrarum pauciores recipit sinus, longe ab occidente litorum obliquo spatio. populorum eius oppidorumque nomina vel maxime sunt ineffabilia praeterquam ipsorum linguis, et alias castella ferme inhabitant. 2 Principio terrarum Mauretaniae appellantur, usque ad C. Caesarem Germanici filium regna, saevitia eius in duas divisae provincias. promunturium oceani extumum Ampelusia nominatur a Graecis. oppida fuere Lissa et Cottae ultra columnas Herculis, nunc est Tingi, quondam ab Antaeo conditum, postea a Claudio Caesare, cum coloniam faceret, appellatum Traducta Iulia. abest a Baelone oppido Baeticae proximo traiectu XXX. ab eo XXV in ora oceani colonia Augusti Iulia Constantia Zulil, regum dicioni exempta et iura in Baeticam petere iussa. ab ea XXXV colonia a Claudio Caesare facta Lixos, vel fabulosissime antiquis narrata: 3 ibi regia Antaei certamenque cum Hercule et Hesperidum horti. adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, in quo dracones custodiae instar fuisse nunc interpretantur. amplectitur intra se insulam, quam solam e vicino tractu aliquanto excelsiore non tamen aestus maris inundant. exstat in ea et ara Herculis nec praeter oleastros aliud ex narrato illo aurifero nemore. 4 minus profecto mirentur portentosa Graeciae mendacia de his et amne Lixo prodita qui cogitent nostros nuperque paulo minus monstrifica quaedam de iisdem tradidisse, praevalidam hanc urbem maioremque Magna Carthagine, praeterea ex adverso eius sitam et prope inmenso tractu ab Tingi, quaeque alia Cornelius Nepos avidissime credidit. 5 ab Lixo XL in mediterraneo altera Augusta colonia est Babba, Iulia Campestris appellata, et tertia Banasa LXXV p., Valentia cognominata. -
Còpia Digital
BrniceDonl + LUIS .rnwo senAvi inapileptori. enimoq -,ávE-1 ADMINISTRACIÓN I MAMÓ/ ARCO DIIL TEATRO, Al 123 _ 11111 1(8111STA MISPADO-15 CIIICADA 1:1 PRECIO ENTODA ESPAIPA: LOS PRECIOS UN NIPIERD, 25CÉNT.—UN ANO, 13 PTAS. TODAS LAS szk EP CUBA, PUERTO-RICO, FILIPINAS EUROPA, ASIA? ÁFRICA.-1111 ANO, 25 FRS. Y NACIONES DE AMÉRICA, *ameres, 5( :asa .A*0 u eit va °Raes, las Fiada he anona Coseassorisode. 26 Julio In, N-Cunero 247 El tomo empieza en I.° de Enero y termina en 31 de Diciembre SUMARIO: nerPO: EA,Aza Mameso, por D. Federico Ralsota.—Cartasa Dalia por D. Adolfo Fernández Ferranda.—Uns escena entre los amas florei, —Vas, (esselesión), porD. 7. C U.De.—Las por . de A. dades.—Nuatro• grabados.—Enearoación, poesia por OR Dolores Correa Zapata.—IDies posa, por Isan.—Lardeta. pi:isla por D. Vicente Risa ?al,se R.—Viaje por Túnez (ssaiFaasiddriA Pa F. Capo,' R. Sal...s.—Las .5 el sitio de Granada (osas.. Aits),por lord Ly1.1. de laAsnas. GRABADOS: Catedral de Jaca Silla aleroble trsulpido.—Caricaturas.—El can, de Constad á SaoPetersburgo —Une, hel Llega&áS.s.—Puente sobrela ublellai Espana y Marruecos. 1-119 RODEEMOS en el anterior articulo d." estudiar detenidamente lo que habla hecho y lo que deberle hacer Espana en Marruecos. Para que se vea la prisa 'que todas las naciones euro , peas se dan en el reparto del África, como temiendo llegar tarde al festin, léanse los datos aducidos por Sir Rawson Raw son en la Real Sociedad de Geografia Londonense. Según lasafirrnacionesdeéste, Inglaterra posee en África 2,017 millas, Francia 2,339, Portugal I,96o, Espana 35, , Alemania 270 é Italia 40e total 6,661; que dando libres para los indigenas 10,057 millas, espacio que irá disminuyendo cada 5ez más. -
The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol
The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus. -
DOCUMENTING MIRACLES in the AGE of BEDE by THOMAS EDWARD ROCHESTER
SANCTITY AND AUTHORITY: DOCUMENTING MIRACLES IN THE AGE OF BEDE by THOMAS EDWARD ROCHESTER A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham July 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This doctoral dissertation investigates the writings of the Venerable Bede (673-735) in the context of miracles and the miraculous. It begins by exploring the patristic tradition through which he developed his own historical and hagiographical work, particularly the thought of Gregory the Great in the context of doubt and Augustine of Hippo regarding history and truth. It then suggests that Bede had a particular affinity for the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles as models for the writing of specifically ecclesiastical history. The use of sources to attest miracle narratives in six hagiographies known to Bede from Late Antiquity are explored before applying this knowledge to Bede and five of his early Insular contemporaries. The research is rounded off by a discussion of Bede’s use of miracles in the context of reform, particularly his desire to provide adequate pastoral care through his understanding of the ideal bishop best exemplified by Cuthbert and John of Beverley. -
Ini13111iuni LI!!
II UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGIA DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGíA LATINA LA CONCEPCION DE LA HISTORIA EN AURELIO VICTOR TOMO 1 LI!!INI9841013111IUni UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE TESIS DOCTORAL REALIZADA POR: AVELINA GONZÁLEZ CONZÁLEZ BAJO LA DIRECCION DEL Dr. ENRIQUE OTON SOBRINO MADRID, 1997 INDICE Pág - AGRADECIMIENTOS 1 - PROLOGO II - CAP, 1.-LOS ACCIDENTES GEOGRAFICOS EN AUR .VICT 1 Introducción 1 - Los Estrechos 5 • Los Golfos 6 • Las Islas 6 • Los Lagos 14 • Las Lagunas 16 - Los Mares 17 - Los Montes y Colinas 18 • Las Penínsulas 31 • Los Puentes 35 • Los Puertos 36 • Los nos 37 • Las Rocas 48 - Notas Accidentes Geográficos 48 - CAP, II - - LOS BARRIOS. BOSOUES. CAMPOS. FAMILIAS .JUE-ET1 w449 302 m482 302 lSBT 005. LEYES. PLAZAS. PUERTAS. TEMPLOS. Y VíAS EN Ami .VICT .51 • Introducción 51 • Los Barrios 53 - Notas Barrios 55 - Los Bosques 55 - Los Campos 56 - Notas Campos 62 • Las Familias 65 Los Juegos 69 . • Las Leyes 70 • Las Plazas 73 • Las Puertas 73 • Notas Puertas 74 • Los Templos 74 • Las Vias 75 • Notas Vias 78 - CAP,III.— LAS CIUDADES EN AURELIO VICTOR .79 • Introducción 82 • Notas Ciudades 187 - CAP,IV.- LAS DIOSAS.ILOS DIOSES Y LOS HEROES EN AUR.VICT 194 • Introducción 194 • Las Diosas 196 • Notas Diosas 203 • Los Dioses 206 • Notas Dioses 223 • Los Héroes 225 • Notas Héroes 238 CAP, y - LOS EMPERADORES EN AIIM - VTCT 240 • Introducción 240 • Los Emperadores 243 • Notas Emperadores 356 . AGRADECIMIENTOS Resulta ineludible, en primer lugar, mostrar mi más profundo agradecimiento al Dr.Enrique Otón Sobrino, director de esta tésis. Su dedicación, disponibilidad, abnegación y buen hacer, han hecho posible compatibilizar mi trabajo de ama de casa, madre de cuatro hijos, y profesional de la enseñanza, con la realización de esta tésis. -
The Authenticity of the Book of Judges, by Bill Cooper
The Authenticity of the Book of Judges Bill Cooper Copyright 2015@Dr Wm R Cooper For Ross Rosevear in gratitude for the many years of industry and expertise that he has poured into managing and building up both the CSM and its Genesis Expo in Portsmouth Thank you, Ross! About the Author Bill Cooper is a Vice President and Trustee of the Creation Science Movement in England. He also serves as Adjunct Professor of Providential History and Apologetics on the Master Faculty at the Institute for Creation Research School of Biblical Apologetics (Dallas, Texas). He is the author of After the Flood (1995); Paley’s Watchmaker (1997); William Tyndale’s 1426 ew Testament (old spelling ed. British Library. 2000); The Wycliffe ew Testament of 1388 (British Library. 2002); The Authenticity of the Book of Genesis (CSM. 2012); The Authenticity of the Book of Daniel (2012); The Authenticity of the Book of Jonah (2012); The Authenticity of the Book of Esther (2012); The Chronicle of the Early Britons (2012); Old Light on the Roman Church (2012); The Authenticity of the ew Testament Part 1: The Gospels (2013); The Authenticity of the ew Testament Part 2: Acts, the Epistles and Revelation (2014) ; After the Flood 2 nd edition (2014) ; Foxe’s Actes & Monuments 1463 (2014) ; Paley’s Historicity of St Paul (Horae Paulinae 1790 ) (2014) ; The Wycliffe ew Testament (1388) original spelling (2014) ; and The Authenticity of the Book of Joshua (2015). He has authored numerous technical articles on Creationism, Palaeoanthropology, Bible Apologetics, the Reformation and the History of the English Bible. -
AJA 1 (1885) 71-103 (AIA Website Colors).PMD
AJA ONLINE PUBLICATIONS News Department: A Sketch of the Chief Results of Archaeological Investigation in 1884 THOMAS W. LUDLOW It is the design of the Editors to give in this dancing or playing on the double flute, vari- department a record, as complete as pos- ous masks, and hares, sheep, dolphins, and sible, of the advance of Archæology through- other animals. The same excavation brought out the field which the Journal seeks to cover. For this first number it was hoped that a suc- to light a plate of silver ornamented with cinct account might be prepared of the whole flowers. All these objects have been taken to archæological gain secured during the year the Museum of Nikosia.—Revue Archéolo- 1884. It has not been found possible to fully gique, II, 1884, p. 92. realize this hope, and the following sketch is defective in various departments. The indul- Arabia gence of the reader is therefore requested; and in succeeding numbers of the Journal ev- M. Huber, who was sent upon a mission ery effort will be made to keep pace with the to Arabia by the Académie des Inscriptions, honorable accomplishment of archæological has been assassinated at Kasr Alliah, near students and excavators in both hemi- Tafna. M. Huber was a scholar possessing spheres. zeal and sagacity. He had already sent home ASIA valuable squeezes from inscriptions in the Valley of Tombs, and it was confidently ex- Cyprus pected that his journey would have results of Mr. Max Ohnefalsch-Richter, who has for importance. The French Government will some years conducted the archæological in- make an effort to recover the unfortunate vestigations carried on in Cyprus by the Brit- gentleman’s papers and effects.— Revue ish Government, has explored the ruins of a Archéologique, II, 1884, p. -
La Régence D'alger
VOYAGE DANS LA RÉGENCE D’ALGER. ou DESCRIPTION GÉOGRAPHIE, PHYSIQUE, PHILOLOGIQUE, ETC. DE CET ÉTAT PAR LE DR. SHAW Traduit de l’anglais, avec de nombreuses augmentations, de notes géographiques et autres par J. MAC CARTHY MEMBRE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ GÉOGRAPHIQUE DE PARIS. Auteur du choix des Voyages modernes, du Dictionnaire universel de Géographie physique, politique, historique et commerciale, etc., etc., AVEC UNE CARTE DES RÉGENCES D’ALGER ET DE TUNIS, Dressée exprès pour cet ouvrage. PARIS, CHEZ MARLIN, ÉDITEUR, RUE DE SAVOIE, N° 11 1830. Livre numérisé en mode texte par : Alain Spenatto. 1, rue du Puy Griou. 15000 AURILLAC. D’autres livres peuvent être consultés ou téléchargés sur le site : http://www.algerie-ancienne.com Ce site est consacré à l’histoire de l’Algérie. Il propose des livres anciens, (du 14e au 20e siècle), à télécharger gratuitement ou à lire sur place. VOYAGE DANS LA RÉGENCE D’ALGER. PARIS, CHEZ MARLIN, ÉDITEUR, RUE DE SAVOIE, N° 11 1830. AVERTISSEMENT DU TRADUCTEUR Parmi le petit nombre d’ouvrages que l’on possède sur l’Afrique septentrionale se trouve le Voyage du docteur Shaw(1), qui résida pendant douze ans à Alger, comme chapelain de la facto- rerie anglaise, et dont nous offrons ici la traduc- tion. Quoique cette relation date déjà de, plus d’un siècle, elle offre cependant le meilleur traité que nous possédions sur la géographie ancienne et même moderne des régences d’Alger et de Tunis. D’ailleurs en Barbarie comme dans presque tous les états ottomans, il n’y a rien de changé depuis _______________ (1) On prononce Châ, Nous remarquerons à cette occasion que l’on donne communément en Angleterre la qualifi cation de docteur non seulement aux médecins, mais encore aux membres du clergé et du barreau qui ont obtenu cette dignité dans une université. -
Paper Sample Riga
International Cartographic Association Commission on Cartographic Heritage into the Digital 14th ICA Conference Digital Approaches to Cartographic Heritage Conference Proceedings ISSN XXXX-XXXX - Thessaloniki, Greece, 8-10 May 2019 _____________________________________________________________________________________ Lyudmila Filatova1, Dmitri Gusev2, Sergey Stafeyev3 Iterative Reconstruction of Ptolemy’s West Africa Using Modern GIS Analysis Keywords: Claudius Ptolemy, ancient geography, GIS analysis, historical cartography, georeferencing Summary: The multifaceted and challenging problem of reconstructing Claudius Ptolemy’s map of ancient West Africa from the numeric coordinate data and other information found in his seminal ‘Geography’ and visualizing the results in modern projections using popular and powerful GIS tools, such as ArcGIS and Google Earth, is addressed by the authors iteratively. We apply a combination of several old and new techniques ranging from tradi- tional toponymic analysis to novel modifications of cluster analysis. Our hybrid human- machine method demonstrates that Ptolemy’s information on West Africa is a compilation of data from three or more sources, including at least one version or derivative of The Periplus of Hanno. The newest iteration adds data for three more provinces of Ptolemy’s Libya — Mauretania Caesariensis, Africa and Aethiopia Interior— to Mauretania Tingitana and Libya Interior investigated in an earlier, unpublished version of the work that the late Lyudmila Filatova had contributed to as the founder of our multi-year project. The surviv- ing co-authors used their newest digital analysis methods (triangulation and flocking with Bayesian correction) and took into account their recent finds on Ptolemy’s Sinae (Guinea/Senegal, where Ptolemy had placed fish-eating Aethiopians). We discuss some of the weaknesses and fallacies of the earlier approaches to the problem. -
Télécharger Article
Ȅࡧȭ ʈȲȆȗɦȄࡧȓɨȣ ɭםȄࡧʎɈ ȷ ɽȗם Ⱦ ࡧ 1202 ࡧɰ Ȅɽȡ ࡧȳɺȻ ࡧ 10 ࡧȮȯɐɦȄࡧ֗03ࡧȯɨȣࡧ -104 ࡧ87ࡧ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻤﻐﺮب اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ (أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮري-أواﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮري) -TheRoman Settlement Policy in the ancient Maghreb (Late Republican Early Imperial Era) ǷࡧȒȳɃ ȆȨ ɭࡧȒȰȆȗȷ Ƿࡧ֗ݳܶ ɘʆࡧȓʆȮȆɱࡧȒȮ Ɂ ɀ Ȭ ȗɦȄࡧاﻟࡧȭ ʈȲȆȗاﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ȄࡧȓɐɭȆȡݍࡧȯɐȷ ࡧɯȷ ȆɜɦȄࡧɽȉǷࡧ2ȳǾȄȵݨ ד לȄࡧɪ ʊɮʆם۶ܣnadia.yefsah@univ-ࡧ ت. اﻻرﺳﺎل: 27 – 04 -2021 ت. اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ: 20-05 -2021 ت. اﻟﻘﺒﻮل: 27 – 05 2021- اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ: ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﺼﺎر ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮس ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﻮس ﻋﺎم 46 ق.م وﺿﻤﻪ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﻧﻮﻣﻴﺪﻳﺎ اﱃ اﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ، ﺷﺮع ﰲ إﻧﺸﺎء ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎت ﰲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ اﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ، ﻛﻤﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺟﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎت أﺧﺮى، ﻣﺮﻛﺰا ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﻮد اﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ وأﺧﺼﺐ اﻷراﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎن أﻛﱪ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﺎء اﳉﻨﻮد ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ، ورﺑﻂ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺢ ﺑﺮوﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى. ﲡﺪدت اﳊﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ أﻛﺘﺎﻓﻴﻮس أﻏﺴﻄﺲ اﻟﺬي اﲣﺬ ﻣﺒﺎدرات ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ وإدارﻳﺔ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ، واﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة، ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪا ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺗﺎرة، واﻟﻌﻨﻒ واﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺎرة أﺧﺮى، وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻹﺟﺮاءات وراء أﺣﺪاث ﺗﻐﲑات ﰲ اﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺮب. رﻏﻢ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن وﺗﺴﻠﻄﻬﻢ، ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺴﻠﻢ اﳌﻐﺎرﺑﺔ ﳌﺼﲑﻫﻢ، ﻓﻮاﺟﻬﻮا اﻟﻘﻮات اﶈﺘﻠﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرات اﻟﱵ ﻫﺰت أرﻛﺎن ﻗﻮات اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن وﺳﺒﺒﺖ ﳍﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺎﻋﺐ واﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ، وﲡﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻔﻮا ﲟﻬﻤﺔ إﲬﺎد ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺜﻮرات، ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ وإﺻﺮار اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﶈﻠﻴﲔ ورﻓﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﳋﻀﻮع واﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎن؛ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن؛ ﺑﻼد اﳌﻐﺮب؛ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﳉﻤﻬﻮري؛ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻹﻣﱪاﻃﻮري. Absract: After Caesar’s victory at the battle of Thapsus in 46 BC, and the annexation of part of the Numidian kingdom to Roman property, the latter began to establish a group of colonies in ancient Africa, like Carthage and other colonies, focusing on the best areas and the most fertile lands, on one hand to install as many ex-soldiers as possible, and on the other hand to link wheat-producing Africa to Rome. -
Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire
EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR BOUNDARY DISPUTES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE by Thomas Elliott A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2004 Approved by _____________________________________ Advisor: Professor Richard Talbert _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Jerzy Linderski _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Mary Boatwright _____________________________________ Reader: Professor George Houston _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Melissa Bullard ii This page intentionally left blank. iii © 2004 Thomas Elliott ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iv This page intentionally left blank. v ABSTRACT THOMAS ELLIOTT: Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire (Under the direction of Richard Talbert) This dissertation presents all published Greek and Latin epigraphic documents relating to internal boundary disputes of the Roman empire. In date, it spans the period from 2 BC to the third century AD. Spatially, the documents derive from 12 provinces ( Achaia, Africa, Asia, Baetica, Cilicia, Creta et Cyrene, Dalmatia, Iudaea, Lusitania, Macedonia, Moesia and Syria ), plus Italy. The presentation of each includes a text, English translation, bibliography and commentary. Analytical chapters expand upon recent published work by G. Burton and B. Campbell. Terminological analysis permits classification of epigraphic and literary evidence into five categories: boundary disputes, restoration of public and sacred lands, other land disputes, the assignment of boundaries and other authoritative demarcations involving Roman officials. The analysis also provides a more focused definition of several Latin and Greek words that indicate the delivery of a verdict by a Roman official ( decretum, sententia, iudicium, ἀποφάσις, κρίσις, ἐπικρίμα ).