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Covenant General New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 2 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 3

Front cover: Detail of William Baillie, taken from De Schuttersmaaltijd bij Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 – 1670)

Front cover inset: General Baillie rides again; taken on Charlie, at Hayne Barn stables (June - 2005) Saltwood, Kent, UK by Hannah the owner of Saspirella - a true American Civil War mount if ever I saw one!

Back cover: De Schuttersmaaltijd bij Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 – 1670):By kind permission of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 4 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 5

Covenant General

Evidence for the synchronicity of time

by

Ian C Baillie, Ph.D. New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 6 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 7

“What does it do for a man to conquer the world, when in truth he owns nothing in reality except his memories?”

A statement of self-realisation attributed to the teachings of Yeshúa New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 8 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 9

For my dearest wife - voor mijn lieve Nederlandse vrouwtje New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 10 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 11

“And thus the whirligig of time brings in his revenges”

William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616),

“Twelfth Night, or What You Will” Act V, scene I New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 12 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 13

Contents

Acknowledgements...... 17

Foreword ...... 19

Introduction: Memory machines...... 23

Covenant General Part One

Chapter One: An unexpected Christmas present...... 35

Chapter Two: There was a soldier, a Scottish soldier ...... 51

Chapter Three: Under the Black Flag ...... 69

Chapter Four: The Portrait ...... 85

Chapter Five: Return to Scotia ...... 105

Chapter Six: Defeat at Alford...... 115

Chapter Seven: Disaster at Kilsyth ...... 131

Chapter Eight: The Engagers ...... 145

Chapter Nine: To Kill a King ...... 155

Chapter Ten: Dunbar...... 163

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Chapter Eleven: Attack! ...... 173

Epilogue ...... 183

Illustrations ...... 186

Covenant General Part Two

Chapter One: A Remarkable Journey ...... 209

Chapter Two: A Chronology of Awareness ...... 211

Chapter Three: The Dutch Connection - De Nederlandse Connectie...... 233

Chapter Four: Astrology and Language in action...... 245

Chapter Five: Memory Markers...... 251

Chapter Six: The Riddle of the Black Flag ...... 261

Chapter Seven: Riddle of the White Flag ...... 265

Chapter Eight: A Forgotten Friend Revealed ...... 269

Appendices

Appendix One: The Synchronicity of Time ...... 279

Appendix Two: A Game of Cat and Mouse ...... 283

Appendix Three: A Letter to George on the discovery of Anneke “Annie” Adriaansdater Baillie ...... 297

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Appendix Four: A Thought on Quantum Consciousness . . . . . 301

Appendix Five: A Tale of Quantum Coincidence ...... 303

Appendix Six: Battle of Worcester 1651; a Fractal Re-enactment ...... 307

Appendix Seven: The Triple Timeline...... 313

Appendix Eight: Sir James Lumsden’s comments on Marston Moor 1644 ...... 341

Bibliography ...... 343

Notes & References ...... 349

About the Author...... 351

Coming Soon...... 355

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Acknowledgements

This book and the reliving of old memories as a present life pattern would not have been possible without the love, generosity of spirit and selfless giving of all my Dutch friends these past 33 years. Among those too numerous too mention are especially, Mama, Papa, Berna en José, Endstra de Jong; Jan en Agnes Sanders; Fons en Caroline van Asten; Ingrid en Nicolé; Guus en Luuk; Ons Doreen – hartelijke dank voor alles en hoe doe gegroet!

Komt er maar in…

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Foreword

by

David Baxter

I was sitting down one evening towards the end of July 2004, having completed another college year of Stained Glass Design. It was then that I wondered what to pursue during the summer vacation. Having received a hunch/ heart felt intuition; I had the inclination to attend the Glastonbury Crop Circle Symposium. This spark of intuition gave me the inspiration to act with a sense of wonder and upliftment at the time. Much as a child when receiving a new toy or novelty finds that it raises the spirit. Knowing that the forth coming event was only three days away from commencing on Friday 24th, I decided to telephone the organiser the next morning to ask whether there would be a three day ticket available. In due course I made the enquiry and yes, there was a ticket for purchase. Looking back now, I am so ever grateful, I made that choice to discover! What a series of realisations it would deliver then and in the next two subsequent years; about my character, personality traits and above all my own past life memories. This all came into my conscious mind by meeting one man amongst many, Dr Ian C Baillie, who then in fact was the first guest speaker on stage that very Friday morning. I listened intently to an insightful talk about the knowledge and incredible memory that he had, detailing many specific events in history, places, names and circumstances, about his own personal past lives and

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his associations with other people from eras in time, who are now present in his life to this day. From once being William Baillie, a Lieutenant General of Foote for the Solemn League and Covenant Forces of Scotland and also as a Confederate soldier named Alexander Baillie Kell (See the book - Rebel Spirit). To my amazement, I concluded that there was more to this than I had been told previously and that I had read about; with a little scepticism! He also mentioned other existences prior to these and it, for me, had a kind of familiarity when I then read about the Quantum Universal Intelligence in his book entitled Forbidden Science. This intelligence appears to be a mirror for the soul. It has an innate wisdom, which seems to have a mechanism of its own, that is guiding with splendour the giant cosmic soap opera/drama that we inhabit. At times a most entertaining spectacle indeed! Whilst in Glastonbury, we both kept meeting each other at various places, like two magnets drawn together, symbolising the echoes of syn- chronicity. This synchronous timing was to prove the discovery of my own past life memories. I realised at the time that this was no ordinary person, but a very highly intelligent person of conviction and emotion. This initiated within me at a deep subconscious level, my own healing process and still does to this day. Knowing more about myself then, has help with me knowing more about who I am today. In that respect and from personal experience, I highly recommend this book to you, the reader, as it may take you on your own journey of self discovery. As you turn the pages, unlock the memories of the past, heal the wounds, remember the good and become empowered in the realisation of knowing who you have been and what you truly are now. It has been a privilege therefore to meet such an enlightened person and to have read this book

David Baxter,

Gloucester, England August 29, 2006

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This summer we discovered that David has the exact same face and memory as that of Henry McCarty, née William Bonney alias “Billy the Kid” from Wild West legend! In the summer of 2005 whilst crop circling David related to me his past life memories of being a Cowboy, a native American, a Scottish soldier at the Battle of Dunbar (1650) and before that an Indian guru’s acolyte. The photographic evidence for David’s immediate past life memory as Henry McCarty, together with his verbal testimony and my own observations, present an overwhelming case and will be the subject of a book documentation in due course. Coincidentally this is the year 1880 in the life of Alexander Baillie Kell and “Billy” was shot to death by Pat Garret on July 14, 1881, aged just 21...

David/Billy the Kid

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Introduction

Memory Machines

We are becoming super-aware as a species. Not merely just self-aware as conscious entities, a state which separates us from the basic group con- sciousness of lower animals, and to a far greater extent the fundamental consciousness of plants, minerals and all matter - but super-aware. Many of my colleagues, friends and acquaintances are now consciously remembering our own individual previous identities and past life memories. We are literally memory machines. This in itself would be quite unremarkable and a mere passing flight of fancy if it were not for documentary evidence corroborating that our recollections are entirely accurate. Even more remarkably with photographic and portrait evidence, that we have the same distinctive facial features, scars and body build as our former selves and in my own particular case the same name, not once, but twice in two physical past lives. Empirical evidence in several cases that I have investigated suggests that we often change sex also. Indeed we get what we wish for, which is entirely consistent with the quantum mechanical view that the actual conscious act of observation alters the event. We are the next step on the human evolutionary ladder - we remember, we are super-aware, we are super-conscious. Active recall has its Darwinian advantages, many skills and behaviours are consistently carried through conferring an advantage usually or sometimes a disadvantage depending on the trait, but a more compassionate human being is the result, which is entirely in accord with spiritual teachings of millennia. In fact one could say that it is a desirable or almost essential product conferring survivability to our species. This contrasts starkly with the lower human traits for violence, war and genocide, considered by the majority as undesirable in advanced civilised societies.

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To have found and documented in precise detail one past life may be remarkable and equated with winning the National lottery several times over or as some would say mere coincidence of enormous magnitude. But to then find a portrait of oneself painted some 350 years ago with the same face and same bodily proportions is slightly more than co- incidence, maybe even God-incidence as my faith based colleagues would say. I would say more a miraculous gift from the universe of information that we inhabit. The Intelligent Universe (IU) manifesting its wondrous mechanism of connectivity in mind boggling magnificence no less. During the journey that became my first book Rebel Spirit, which uncovered my immediate past life memory. I became routinely blasé to the incredible crescendo of coincidence that occurred as my colleagues and I linked by karmic bonds in a previous incarnation discovered the intricate dance of events that synchronously linked our combined lives in the present. Relationships thrown up include a brother, a lover and even a mother linked with her lost child, a baby that she never successfully had in a previous place and time. In fact the very notion of time seemed suspended as the continuity demonstrated a flawless transition from one time and place to another. Indeed time like death itself had proved to be a total illusion. I always thought that I might find myself in an American Civil War photograph and that I might also walk into a big hall and see my portrait from the past one day, because I actually subconsciously remembered having them taken and painted! All I had to do was find them and that is the real miracle in this world full of information. My subconscious guided me to the right places, but my conscious mind still had to recognise what it was looking at. The problem is the bad com- munication link between the subconscious and conscious mind, for con- sciousness is continuous and time is the real illusion. When we are able to remember all of our past lives then we have reached the next rung on the consciousness evolutionary ladder. With me, I seem to have been born with a better than average communication link between my subconscious and conscious mind. I have now met others the same, perhaps we are the new species of human? I have thus named our intrepid little species, Homo sentiensis - aware man. Homo sapien - wise man, I always thought a little pretentious especially when you look at the state of humanity in the world today. As we become super-aware so we become much more responsible for our own actions. Time therefore to ditch the 2 minute gold fish memory guys! :)

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Being linked with seemingly ordinary people that go on to achieve extraordinary feats accentuates the fact that we should never under estimate who we influence in the course of our physical sojourns on this tiny blue planet. A case in point being a rather intelligent young girl aged 8 who met and old rebel soldier aged 80 in 1908. Influenced to some degree by his tales of a Civil War contested some 47 years previous she went on to write the biggest selling book of all time after the Bible. The girl’s name was Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell, the soldier was Baillie (a one Alexander Baillie Kell of the 5th Volunteer Regiment of Georgia Cavalry) and the place was Jonesboro, GA just outside of Atlanta. The book of course was Gone with the Wind, an epic tale of romance with background events that defined the Southern experience in all its glamour and tragedy for immortal posterity. It just goes to show that one should never under estimate clever little girls! Coincidences that can not be coincidences are the norm in this extraordinary universe that we inhabit. So having finished one life- altering journey of discovery I was propelled without pause for breath into a second journey plumbing the depths of my subconscious soul memory. Answering at a stroke several enigmatic questions that had haunted me from childhood, my love for the Dutch language, my obsession with all things military and especially my manifesting by manufacture two complete suits of Cromwellian Ironside armour with associated clothing and weapons! The irrational compulsion to manifest anachronistic objects has been a happy trait of mine since I was first coherent in this present life, often to the complete bemusement of those around me at the time and to this present day. The gathering of the familiar as we have termed this process, now provides valuable tangible evidence for the persistence of memory, in fact the very desire to repossess what once was so meaningful is vital to core identity. Yet par- adoxically we cannot possess anything material for we have to leave it behind when we journey from this mortal plane of existence. In this lies the true understanding of the value of material objects - they are simply an aid to memory - nothing more. For memory is a living thing and it affects as we have discovered every move we make, every choice, every conscious and subconscious decision. For a person to not consciously understand themselves fully means that they are only half alive, sleep walking zombies no less, using only the celebrated 10% of their mind that is conscious. They are easily manipulated by external media and influences and as such most

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dangerous on mass as demonstrated in the Nazi Germany of the 1930s. The majority are totally unaware of how fantastically rich and complex they are as children of this wondrous exciting universe. We must awake to our full potential and look beyond the short-term materialistic greed that infests our planet at this present time. We are each of us wealthy beyond imagination if we only take the time to look inside and connect with our inner deep memory. We are as old as time, we have evolved consciously through millennia to become who and what we are. Now we are evolving at an unprecedented exponential rate into our next phase as a species. We are super-aware humans, time lords, masters of our own past and sacred architects of our own future. We are consciously aware of all our skills and attributes, our weaknesses and strengths. Emotional lessons often won through pain that persists in our core being long after the events have occurred - for emotion is the language of the soul. We are more, so much more than the sum of our physical parts. As a species we are more, much more than just simple separate conscious and physical units. We are all of us part of a collective consciousness, part of the universal quantum field containing all information, a true universal internet of consciousness energy, storing data. We can all draw on this at will; we are neither alone nor constrained in our access, only by our lack of imagination as to our true cosmic potential. We live in a mental prison that we have constructed for ourselves, but now thankfully it is dissolving before our eyes. As we gaze into the darkness of intergalactic space we are comforted by the knowledge that in the end we have each other, indeed we are each other. For we can download our shared experiences as web pages to our mind, we can down load our family’s memory resource of past skills and abilities - good or bad. And more importantly we can down load our own first person memories and skills built up over millennia. The purpose therefore for writing a third book is to share the discoveries of my own personal journey into the depths of my own psyche or soul memory. An experimental and experiential quest that provides the reader with a valuable insight into the mechanism of time and the physical atomic matrix that we inhabit. Not just detailed documentary evidence of a second personal first person past life, but the discovery of the synchronicity of time. A catalogue of events and liaisons with other sentient beings across and through time, of problems that have arisen and are resolved in subsequent lives and the startling

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discovery that events are synchronous with personal physical age. A giant carousel of personal dramas, personalities and partners that join together in the dance of life, weaving the tapestry of events that we call history, literally “his” story. Causing by our physical actions or non actions future history to occur, for all trauma must be resolved and healed. Souls inextricably linked by traumatic events come back together to resolve issues as our evidence shows. This predicts that the suicide bomber and their victim must resolve and heal the event that caused such an emotional rift in the fabric of time and space. As must all the victims’ families ripped untimely asunder from their loved ones, their emotional anguish and bonds of love will in due course have to be resolved and healed. A deep lasting love, all enduring, all embracing, seems to transcend time and space to ensure that this will ultimately happen. Not idle philosophy any more, but confirmed by research, experimentation and documentation. For the first time with two documented past lives and other documented case studies we can see how this universal mechanism works. We can see that roles are often reversed and that each soul experiences the others point of view or pain and valuable lessons are learnt and re-learnt for the mutual benefit of all concerned. It can be clearly seen that - love is the glue that binds the universe together. To quote a line from a recent popular movie that coin- cidentally helped me to unblock, deal with and resolve a particularly nasty and traumatic past life memory:

“But first remember - what we do in life, echoes in eternity.” - Quote taken from the movie Gladiator, starring Russell Crowe.

This is indeed a true statement for issues have to be addressed and resolved before our journey of spiritual evolution can continue. Hatred blinds us to the light. Irrational and blind hatred enslaves us, as witnessed on a daily basis on our planet. I find myself now somewhat miraculously in the unique position of having solved my own puzzle. I can see the intimate and subtle interactions of life patterns that make up my present and my two previous physical lives. The entrances and exits onto the stage of life of dear friends and loved ones. The realisation that time is really just a catalogue of molecular re-arrangements and the exchange of photons carrying information. Atoms that come together in physical patterns, disperse and then re-arrange themselves to facilitate the props, scenery

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and principle players in the drama we call life. As one thread is dropped in one life so it is picked up in another - exactly on cue, flawless as a Swiss time piece, as though in fact physical time doesn’t exist. I use a simple illustration in lectures of crumpling a sheet of paper and then piercing the same with a needle - the needle is my consciousness and the sheet of paper space-time. When having withdrawn the needle the sheet is straightened and examined each hole represents a physical birth entry point or death exit point in the continuous sheet of space-time. A line drawn between any two such holes represents a single individual lifetime. On looking back across the unfolded sheet of paper one has a sense of linear history, the past made up of a collective passage of individual events and memories. It is an epic personal journey in space- time, yet the only reality is the unifying needle of consciousness and the universal now. We may also view the patterns and problems caused by the interaction of many individual needles of consciousness that are woven together from different angles and thus we are raised to another higher dimension of awareness. A God like overview where we may learn, comprehend and evolve spiritually to see ourselves as others see us. We become more tolerant and less selfish. We learn a new respect and all encompassing love for all life and each other. We are given a second chance. The awesome magnitude of the consciousness mechanism behind the universe that allows us such diverse opportunity, capable of such organisation, such interaction at such a humble and personal level is quite simply staggering, too big in concept to be described in mere words without reiterating several expletives! As a spider explores and glimpses for the first time the world beyond the confines of its own self spun web of reality, so I have perceived and pieced together the puzzle and enigma that is me. Having achieved that sublime moment of awareness I can now make efforts to help others achieve the same. Through group consciousness, critical mass and the World Wide Web we can engender a revolution of the mind, a freeing of spirit and possibility. The hundredth monkey syndrome will ensure that we all have access to this ability to remember and thus to evolve for when enough of us have perceived our past lives, all humans will become super aware as a quantum evolution of consciousness is triggered - the 2012 effect possibly? I have dubbed this quantum leap the 2012 effect after the much-publicised Mayan predicted end of the present era of time. Super awareness would bring about the suggested non-linear

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novelty effect so ably discovered and described by the late Terence McKenna. We would holistically inhabit time transdimensionally across several life times continuously aware of our other physical selves. This is pretty much the point that I have arrived at presently ahead of schedule. How appropriate then that London 2012 should be the focus of world attention with its successful bid for the Olympic Games. The home of Greenwich Mean Time and longitude zero degrees the centre of focus for the crucial predicted date - again coincidence or design? You choose! This book goes far beyond one man’s quest to understand his own being; it heralds a revolution of thought and a new dawn of reason. The long overdue rationalisation of Dark Age religion based on ignorance and superstition. From the ashes of such a new understanding of who and what we are will take the stage, based on testable, reliable and repeatable science. A true Theory of Everything (TOE) will emerge and take the cultural centre stage; Science and Religion reconciled after their unhappy divorce several hundred years ago. Just as Relativity and Quantum Mechanics must ultimately be reconciled in order to create an eloquent expression of our physical universe that is understandable by all. Remembering who we are/were is the key, patient observation and research the tools with which to activate our own salvation from ignorance. Self-knowledge and the information age personally empower us for the first time in history to do this very thing. Knowledge is power and this is very much a do-it-yourself revolution. No permission needed, an all souls are equal approach, one only needs to take the first step for the journey to begin and the soul of humanity will be collectively redeemed. The gift of memory is extremely powerful, awakening ones true self- potential. The journey inside is the greatest journey we can undertake, for our minds are potentially as vast as the physical universe itself. Inner space matches outer space in a perfect symmetry of dimension. We can finally appreciate and value ourselves as we become sacred guardians of the true power of the spiritual and physical, protecting this tiny blue planet we call home, as it whirls on its daily routine - guardians of all life. The luxury of thinking once basic needs are met is ours for the taking. We need only to be aware of the opportunity that now beckons before us. The story of my own personal journey into super awareness begins with the discovery of a familiar reflection, not the first as described in Rebel Spirit which opened the door, but a second familiar

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reflection washed up on the beach of time. A portrait of photographic quality painted by a Dutch master nearly 400 years ago. A cosmic trigger catalysing my own metamorphosis of conscious awareness into super conscious awareness. A journey of discovery into my strong self ensued - William Baillie, the General - a decision maker and the victor of Marston Moor. This contrasted in perfect symmetry with the romantic aristocratic loser that was Alexander Baillie Kell, a person unlucky in both career and love. Cause and effect enacted on the stage of life in the grand scale. To set the scene we journey back to December 2001 where having just published my first book Rebel Sprit; Evidence for the continuity of consciousness, I made a second discovery in my dusty attic. Allow then dear gentle readers your mind to be the camera and our humble evidence your script, a spectacle to behold and a story to be told - lights, camera, action! With apologies to William Shakespeare, the immortal bard, who died coincidentally just 16 years after William Baillie was born :)

Dr Ian C Baillie October 11, 2006

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“Gazing into the looking glass of time I spied a second familiar reflection” New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 33

Covenant General Part One

An annotated intuitive history of William Baillie 1600 - 1662

Lieutenant General of Foote for the Solemn League and Covenant Forces of Scotland New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 34 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:58 Page 35

Chapter One

An unexpected Christmas present

Since discovering my American past life I had been feeling incredibly guilty. For in so discovering and engaging, I had turned my back on all of my Dutch colleagues and friends of long standing. My post formative years had been spent in their company and I had become a fluent Dutch speaker. Yet it went deeper than that, much deeper. I was some how linked in love, by bonds forged and ties made stretching back into the mists of time. I loved the land, its people and its history. I had even been so inspired as to write about the little known Siege of s’Hertogenbosch 1629 in a self produced booklet that sold all of 50 copies way back in 1980. A time that now seems so far away yet when I close my eyes is still so close. Even my first home, a tiny bungalow on a corner plot in Monkton, a rural English village on the Isle of Thanet had been called Het Huukske - Brabant’s dialect for The Little Corner. I was truly enthralled inexplicably by my love of all things Dutch. Yet now in 2001 I felt that I had betrayed my loyalty. I had swung towards America totally, caught geographically as our islands are between the New World and the Old Europe; I had oscillated pendulum like from one to the other. Ten years of visiting Florida for vacations, tramping Civil War battlefields and then the final discovery in 1999 of a photo of a Confederate soldier named Alexander Baillie Kell, my immediate past life memory became wholly tangible - everything fell into place and at last seemed to make sense. But no it wasn’t as simple as that! A fatal flaw remained in my perfect solution, just as a glitch existed in my timeline with Baillie Kell, the war period was synchronously askew, whilst all else seemed to fit. This curiosity played on my mind and disturbed the perfect symmetry of the two chronologically synchronous timelines. Just

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as the question I have continually asked myself over the last 30 years, “Where does my love of all things Dutch come from?” A chance discovery on the internet and then in the attic was to provide the vital clue to finding the answer. Miraculously it would put pay to all the self-induced angst and guilt that I had built up. A piece of my puzzle was missing. It was December 2001 and I had just successfully written and published my first major book, a 3 year discovery into my immediate past physical life and its lessons. I had reached a hiatus in proceedings and was recovering from the intensity of the journey. Much as one takes shaky steps after the g forces of an intense roller coaster ride have taken their toll. So I had been working at double quick time, adrenaline overload had taken its toll. I was a mystery to the Doctors. Long-term chemotherapy damage was listed as the likely culprit, but I had continuously been extreme remote viewing and emotional memory painting for 6 months in 2000 and it had taken its deadly toll on the fabric of my physical body systems. For I had been operating outside the normal human practise of just existing. I had dared to venture consciously into my soul memory, a vortex of emotion so powerful that I almost got sucked in never to return. I had stood between two worlds for too long, standing on the abyss of my soul spanning two physical lives to retrieve answers that I had to have. Only the thin silken thread of my partner on the case Rosie saved me from hurtling in. She was the rock that ensured that I did return from my journey of introspection to the depth of my soul. As a tethered diver of old complete with lead boots and a brass helmet I had surfaced to gasp for breath clutching the answers that I had to have. I was in a parallel state of nitrogen narcosis, the dreaded bends, but triumphant and I knew that I could heal and repair myself. I was a time lord. I had discovered the truth about myself and as a pioneer explorer about us all. I was a psychonaut as I amusingly termed it, an explorer of uncharted subconscious territory. The final frontier, one that humans are now at this very minute daring to cross in ever increasing numbers. Mapping, as we are the landscape of the mind. And so it was having completed one quest, I made the chance entry of a few keystrokes into a search engine on the internet. My subconscious still hungry for more adventure spelt out the name William Baillie. I typed it from the depth of my memory; the name just appeared mysteriously from within. For even though I did not connect with it my subconscious knew exactly what it was doing. It was starting me on my next journey of discovery. As I gazed into the

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crystal ball that is now commonly termed a computer monitor the search engine registered several hits. I clicked on the first and a page of information flickered into view. “Scottish soldier who gained experience in the Swedish service” my conscious mind sat bolt upright and I knew I had it! Like a fish caught by chance I had hooked the big one, all I had to do was reel it in, contact had been made!

Baillie, William, Scottish General Scottish soldier who gained experience in the Swedish service, commanding a regiment of Dutch infantry for Gustavus II Adolphus, before returning to Scotland in 1638 to serve the Covenanters. He served under Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven, in the army that faced off Charles I in the First Bishop’s War. When the Scots finally joined the English Civil War, Baillie came south in Leven’s army. At Marston Moor (2 July 1644) he commanded the two Scottish brigades at the right of the Parliamentary armies front line, where he helped steady the line. By the end of 1644 he found himself back in Scotland, now threatened by the victories of Montrose, at the head of a force of infantry detached from the main Covenanting army in England. On his arrival in the Highlands, he was sent to garrison Perth, while Montrose continued his career of conquest, soon leaving Baillie with the only significant Covenanting army in the Highlands. He had his first chance against Montrose at Dundee, which fell to Montrose on 4 April. Baillie had been shadowing Montrose, and was only one mile away when his presence was discovered and Montrose and his army escaped him. In the campaign that followed, Baillie did poorly. First, Montrose, who initially marched along the coast towards Arbroath, tricked him. Baillie cut cross country on a shorter route, and reached Arbroath well before Montrose could have, only to find that Montrose had doubled back as soon as it was clear Baillie had taken the bait, crossed just behind Baillie’s army, and reached safety in the hills. Worse was to follow. Baillie now decided to split his force and attempt to catch Montrose between his own force and a detachment commanded by Sir John Hurry. This would have been dangerous against a normal opponent and in easy country, but against Montrose, considered to be the best general of the Civil War and in rough hill country it was doomed. Sure enough, Hurry was defeated at Auldearn (9 May 1645), losing all but 100 of his men. Baillie had been advancing to aid Hurry at the time of the battle, but rather than a fight, all he got was a chase, and after a series of forced marches

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his army was in desperate need of some rest, which he got at Inverness. By June he was able to move again, and advanced into Gordon country, from where Montrose was getting much of his cavalry. Montrose was forced to move north to deal with Baillie, but at a first encounter at Keith refused battle. Baillie was suffering from political interference, in the shape of a travelling Committee of Estates, headed by the Duke of Argyll, who understood little of the military situation and were always ready to attack. Baillie was finally forced into battle at Alford (2 July 1645), where his army was destroyed. In the aftermath of Alford, Baillie, furious with the interference of Argyll and the Committee, attempted to resign, but was instead ordered to take command of a new army, once again, to his great annoyance, to be accompanied by Argyll and his Committee. This new army was almost immediately threatened by Montrose who briefly appeared outside Perth only to be chased away by Baillie. Who in turn then found himself faced by a suddenly reinforced foe, and retreated back to Perth, determined not to risk battle with his new and inexperienced troops until he had the advantage of numbers. However, a chance arose to cut Montrose off from his Highland stronghold, and the committee insisted that Baillie took it. Once again, Montrose defeated him, this time at Kilsyth (15 August 1645) - his final involvement against Montrose who was defeated at Philiphaugh on 13 September. Like many Scots, Baillie found himself fighting against their former allies in the Second Civil War. Baillie commanded the infantry in the Duke of Hamilton’s doomed invasion of England. The expedition came to grief at the battle of Preston (17-19 August 1648). Baillie and his infantry were at the front of the army, and avoided almost all of the fighting. On 19 August Hamilton decided to make a break for safety with his cavalry, and ordered Baillie to surrender with the infantry, something he only did under protest, surrendering to Cromwell, with whom he had once fought.

The key word was Dutch, I first learnt of William Baillie from the Airfix wargame book on the English Civil War that I took into hospital with me in July 1979 when I under went my cancer operation. My subconscious had obviously grasped the two books that meant most to me in my crunch time of need – the other was the Airfix same series book on the American Civil War! So both last two past life memories where with me as I lay in the hospital bed recovering from surgery. For the technical minded I had started re-acting the memories, making uniforms etc. in September 1974, which pre-dates the finding of the

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Airfix books. So I could not have possibly known about William Baillie before accessing the book which was only published in 1978, therefore crucially autosuggestion has to be ruled out due to this important fact. A small, but important point, when establishing the accuracy of my past life memory experiments. At a stroke my conscious mind became engaged by the words commanding a regiment of Dutch Infantry. Linking in a single revelatory moment my military obsession with my obsession for all things Dutch. The connection had been made. “Oh my God,” out came the well-worn phrase under my breath as I read the information. This was it “Eureka!” I was poised at the delicious point of discovery, a moment in time catapulting the discoverer on a fantastical journey of uncharted academic territory, terra incognita of the most personal kind. All my guilt vanished in an instant moment of exhilaration and excitement. I was reunited with my past present physical life and beyond. Being December 16, I had naturally been rummaging around in the attic for the Christmas decorations, in preparation for the annual return of the sun or son feast! Viking or Christian I have memory of both. I scurried to the attic again and hurriedly found my store of Dutch books, documents and memorabilia from a quarter of a century previous when I had worked in Holland and studied Dutch. Had it really been that long? Ancient history it seemed to me now. I attentively flicked then poured over the cherished memories, the photos of people and places that had once meant so much to me before my full time teaching career had kicked in. Yes, I had had a life before teaching! And I am pleased to say that I still do after as I now work part time in between researching writing and lecturing - always busy that’s me. A mercurial minded Gemini the compulsive communicator. I came then to the very last book; I had deliberately saved my favourite until last, just as one saves a favourite chocolate in a box savouring in anticipation the coming ecstasy and there by prolonging the enjoyment of the moment. It was a simple illustrated history book entitled de Tachtigjarige Oorlog by drs. B.G. Elias (The 80 Years War) a visual feast of imagery from that evocative period of the emergence of the Dutch state from Catholic oppression 1568-1648. Leading to the flowering of the Golden Age or Golden Century - Gouden Eeuw as the Dutch term it. The cover invokes the spirit of the time by magnificent- ly displaying a painting of the Siege of Schenkenschans by Frederik Hendrik in April 1636, (Het beleg van Schenkenschans door Frederik

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Hendrik in april 1636) painted by Gerrit van Santen. The detail shows a party of cuirassiers leading a charge with the Dutch tricolour held high as in the back ground the water borne assault of the city walls takes place. It was such a wonderful book rich in detail that I had purchased a second copy from the Slechte Boek Winkel in Eindhoven a quarter of a century ago. I distinctly and consciously remember the moment of purchase; I thought that I would buy this just in case I ever lost the original copy! A bizarre and somewhat unique action, although I now realise that I have done this several times before and since with books or information that mean a lot to my subconscious. For I am now of the opinion that my subconscious does this when it has clocked an important piece of information to do with my past life memory. I instinctively grasp at a tangible reminder of past experiences and gather it safely into my possession and so it was with this book - a veritable bible of past life imagery for William Baillie.

It was mid evening and my family had settled to watch a TV program. Wishing not to isolate oneself we often sit together whilst engaging in family orientated activities. I often read a book whilst watching TV as I find I can split my conscious mind and engage in simultaneous activities such as reading and listening, this is a teaching skill that one develops and can easy deploy in classrooms or restaurants! And so it was that I turned to the very last page and examined the final images, as I had done so many times before. It was then that a familiar face, my face, leapt out from the page and grabbed my conscious mind by the scruff of the neck. Oh my God - it’s me! Same face, same body and most distinctively of all, same calf muscles! Clock the legs - identical! Almost beyond belief I lifted my spectacles to gaze closely at the image without any barriers. Yes, it was me; no doubt about it! Me as I was 380 years ago. My subconscious had clicked it all those years before. I must have even seen the original painting hanging in the Rijksmuseum in 1976 without realising. The Schuttersmaaltijd bij Bartholomeus van der Helst (The Shooters’ Mealtime by Bartholomeus van der Helst) a fantastically detailed, large and complex painting commission by the St Joris Doelen (St George’s Shooting Club of Amsterdam around 1638 to 1648). Painted to commemorate the members portrayed in photographic reality for posterity and mounted on public display in the club reception/banqueting hall. It was no happy accident that William Baillie stared at me/himself across the chasm of time for I was to soon realise

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that he had paid some 200 florins, half a years salary at the time, to be immortalised in the epic portrait. A most handsome investment in ego, indeed! And finally after some 380 odd years it was to pay its priceless dividend, a message from myself to myself, just as the expensive photographic portrait of Alexander Baillie Kell had been commissioned for Sallie (Miss Sarah Elizabeth Sallie Spalding of Sapelo Island, Georgia) in 1861. My investment there had come to unexpected fruition too! What an artist Bartholomeus was, such fine work and so accurate. For those interested in the history of this exceptional man a brief biography follows:

Portretschilder in Amsterdam Bartholomeus van der Helst was een van de belangrijkste Noordnederlandse portretschilders van de zeventiende eeuw. Hij was het, die vanaf het begin van de jaren veertig de stijl van de Amsterdamse portretschilderkunst bepaalde. Tot aan zijn dood in 1670 zou hij een van de meest gevraagde portrettisten van het Amsterdamse patriciaat blijven. Tientallen deftige dames en heren, kinderen en families, schutterscompagnieën en bestuurders werden door hem in een portret vereeuwigd. Al in de zestiende eeuw lieten de machtige regenten en rijke kooplieden van Amsterdam zich veelvuldig portretteren. Met de sterke economische groei in de Gouden Eeuw werd de vraag naar portretten en andere schilderijen alleen nog maar groter en vele kunstenaars vestigden zich daarom in de wereldstad. Zo verhuisde Rembrandt in 1631 vanuit Leiden naar het welvarende Amsterdam. Vanaf het midden van de jaren dertig had ook de uit Haarlem afkomstige Van der Helst zijn eigen atelier in deze stad.

Familieleven Bartholomeus van der Helst werd in 1613 in Haarlem geboren. De precieze geboortedatum kennen we niet, omdat de Haarlemse doopregisters uit het begin van de zeventiende eeuw verloren zijn gegaan. Zijn geboortejaar moeten we daarom afleiden van de leeftijden die Van der Helst zelf in documenten heeft opgegeven. Zo zegt hij bij zijn ondertrouw in april 1636 ‘out 24 jaar’ te zijn, hetgeen betekent dat hij in 1612 of 1613 moet zijn geboren. Omdat in een boekje met levensbeschrijvingen van kunstenaars dat in 1661 werd gedrukt, 1613 als geboortejaar van Van der Helst wordt genoemd, houden we dit jaartal als zijn geboortejaar aan. De schilder was de tweede zoon van Lodewijck Lowys van der Helst en

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Aeltje Bartels. Deze Lodewijck Lowys bezat in de Grote Houtstraat te Haarlem een herberg, ‘Den gecroonde Oijevaar’ geheten. Bronnen vermelden Lodewijk Lowys tussen 1625 en 1627 ook als herbergier in Amsterdam, maar in de zomer van 1627 keerde de familie weer terug naar de herberg in Haarlem. Of de toen 14-jarige Bartholomeus weer mee is gegaan naar Haarlem of dat hij in Amsterdam is gebleven, is niet bekend. Het oudste document dat hem in Amsterdam plaatst, is de inschrijving van zijn ondertrouw met de achttienjarige wees Anna du Pire op 18 april 1636. Hun huwelijk werd op 4 mei 1636 in de Nieuwe Kerk gesloten en binnen een jaar, op 3 maart 1637, vond de doop van hun eerste kind, Bartholomeus, plaats. Er zouden nog vijf kinderen volgen. Slechts twee van de kinderen zouden de volwassen leeftijd bereiken: Susanna uit 1638 en Lodewijk die op 2 februari 1642 werd gedoopt. Het echtpaar Van der Helst-Du Pire woonde in het begin van hun huwelijk op de Nieuwmarkt, tegenover het Waaggebouw. Daarnaast huurde de schilder vanaf 1647 tegelijkertijd een huis op het Walenpleintje. Misschien gebruikte hij deze ruimte als atelier. Vanaf 1660 woonden Van der Helst en zijn vrouw in een huis in de Nieuwe Doelenstraat, maar in 1665 gingen zij toch weer terug naar de Nieuwmarkt. Bij zijn overlijden in 1670 woonde de schilder in de Doelenstraat. Uit het dagelijks leven van Van der Helst en zijn familie zijn slechts enkele verhalen bekend. Zo weten we dat in oktober 1648 in het huis van Van der Helst op de Nieuwmarkt een kleine tragedie plaatsvond: Anna du Pire gooide een kan naar haar dienstmeid Cornelia Willems en liet haar door een knecht het huis uitjagen. De reden hiervoor is niet duidelijk, maar Cornelia vond dit voorval blijkbaar zo belangrijk dat zij een paar dagen later naar de notaris ging om het door hem te laten optekenen. Een ander incident betreft de mishandeling van het hondje van Van der Helst. In februari 1653 wordt hierover door enkele getuigen bij de notaris verhaald: zij waren met de schilder in het Herenlogement toen diens hondje achter de kippen op de buitenplaats aanging. De getuigen zagen vervolgens dat een knecht het beest oppakte. Toen zij de hond later gingen zoeken, vonden zij hem krijsend in het ‘secreet’, de wc. Dankzij de zeventiende- eeuwse gewoonte ook dit soort, in onze ogen soms wat onbenullige geschillen bij de notaris te laten vastleggen, weten we dus iets meer over de dagelijkse beslommeringen van de familie Van der Helst. Bartholomeus van der Helst stierf begin december 1670 op 57-jarige leeftijd en werd op de 16e van die maand in de Walenkerk begraven. Al snel na de dood van zijn vader trok Lodewijk bij zijn moeder Anna in. In de

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jaren hierna werden verschillende afspraken tussen moeder en zoon bij de notaris vastgelegd. Zo kwamen zij in 1675 overeen dat Lodewijk Anna zou onderhouden. In ruil daarvoor mocht hij het schildersmateriaal van zijn vader gebruiken. Ook zou Anna, mogelijk op aandrang van haar dochter Susanna, nog verschillende keren bij de notaris verklaren hoe de verdeling van haar boedel na haar dood moest worden geregeld. Toch kregen Susanna en Lodewijk hierover na het overlijden van hun moeder in 1679 nog onenigheid. Het zou tussen hen nooit meer goedkomen: toen Lodewijk en zijn echtgenote in 1684 waren overleden, werden hun twee zoons niet door Susanna in haar huis opgenomen, maar moesten zij naar het Aalmoezeniersweeshuis waar ze op zeer jonge leeftijd stierven.

Loopbaan en opdrachtgevers Waar en van wie Bartholomeus zijn opleiding tot schilder heeft gekregen is niet bekend. Wel verraden zijn vroege schilderijen grote invloed van het werk van Nicolaes Eliasz Pickenoy (1588-1650) en het is dan ook zeer waarschijnlijk dat hij enige jaren bij deze portretschilder in de leer is geweest. Pickenoy was in het begin van de zeventiende eeuw een van de toonaangevende portrettistten van Amsterdam. Zijn levensgrote portretten, met een gladde schilderwijze en uitgewerkte details, vielen blijkbaar goed in de smaak bij de Amsterdamse burgers. Dit blijkt onder meer uit het feit dat hij rond 1632 de opdracht kreeg het grote groepsportret ‘De Schuttersmaaltijd van kapitein Jacob Backer’ te schilderen. Misschien heeft de jonge Van der Helst aan dit schilderij meegewerkt. In ieder geval was Van der Helst in 1637 als zelfstandig schilder werkzaam: met dat jaar is zijn vroegst bekende schilderij gedateerd. In de regel signeerden kunstenaars hun werk pas na het beëindigen van hun opleiding. Kennelijk had Van der Helst zijn leertijd bij Pickenoy dus vóór of in 1637 afgesloten. Dit vroegst bekende werk laat hem meteen als een knap portrettist zien. Het is een groepsportret van vier regenten van het Walenweeshuis. Dit weeshuis werd in 1631 door de Amsterdamse Waalse Kerk opgericht in een gebouw aan de Laurierstraat. Vanaf de oprichting lieten de regenten zich regelmatig portretteren en in 1637 kreeg de toen 24- jarige Van der Helst de opdracht om de bestuurders van dat jaar te schilderen. Dat juist Van der Helst daarvoor werd gevraagd, hangt waarschijnlijk samen met het feit dat ook hij een Zuidnederlandse achtergrond had. Na de val van Antwerpen in 1585, die de definitieve terugkeer van die stad onder Spaans gezag markeerde, was een stroom vluchtelingen uit de Zuidelijke Nederlanden op gang gekomen. Velen van

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hen vestigden zich in Haarlem en Amsterdam. Onder deze emigranten bevonden zich de voorouders van Van der Helst, en ook de familie van zijn vrouw Anna du Pire was uit Zuidelijke Nederlanden afkomstig. Bartholomeus’ oudere broer Lodewijck trouwde eveneens met een Waals meisje. Twee jaar later, in 1639, kreeg Van der Helst de belangrijke opdracht voor het schuttersstuk waarop de compagnie van Roelof Bicker is afgebeeld. Met dit grote schilderij waarop 32 personen zijn afgebeeld, lijkt zijn naam als portretschilder definitief te zijn gevestigd. Aan de hand van de gedateerde portretten wordt duidelijk dat Van der Helst zich vanaf die tijd verzekerd wist van een omvangrijke klantenkring: uit ieder jaar vanaf 1639 tot aan 1670, het jaar van zijn dood, kennen we ten minste één schilderij. Omdat de identiteit van veel geportretteerden bekend is, weten we dat het grootste deel van zijn opdrachtgevers deel uitmaakte van het Amsterdamse patriciaat. Burgemeesters als Andries Bicker, Joan Huijdecoper en Cornelis Jansz Witsen lieten zich door Van der Helst uitschilderen. In de periode 1646-1648 kreeg hij bovendien verschillende opdrachten uit Rotterdam, waar op dat moment geen portretschilder van belang werkzaam was. Bij een zo grote vraag naar zijn werk, kon de prijs hoog zijn. In 1650 kreeg Van der Helst voor twee portretten 330 gulden plus zes weken kost en inwoning. Een geschoolde handwerksman verdiende in die tijd 20 stuivers per dag, dat wil zeggen ongeveer 300 gulden op jaarbasis. Acht jaar later ontving hij voor een familieportret met vijf personen 1400 gulden. De waarde van zijn portretten lijkt echter te verminderen, want in 1667 werd voor een familieportret met drie personen nog maar 400 gulden betaald, hoewel de schilder meer dan het dubbele had gevraagd. Dit weten we uit een reeks documenten uit de jaren 1664-1667: In 1664 vraagt Van der Helst 1000 guldens voor het portret van Pieter van der Venne met vrouw en kind. Van der Venne wil er echter niet zoveel geld voor betalen en schakelt een notaris in. In 1665 wordt het portret vervolgens op 300 gulden geschat, ‘maer ten respecte vande meester sijn naem ende reputatie’ wordt het toch op ‘vierhondert guldens getaxeert ende niet meer’. Er volgen nog drie documenten en pas in 1667, na de dood van Van der Venne, volgt er een schikking en gaat Van der Helst akkoord met 400 gulden en zestig centen. For non-Dutch readers I have provided my own rough translation of this great painters life:

A Portrait Painter in Amsterdam Bartholomeus van der Helst was one of the most important north

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Netherlands portrait painters of the 17th century. In the 1640s, he was the artist that set the style for portrait painting. Until his death in 1670 he would be one of the most sought after artists requested by the Amsterdam patricians. Countless well to do ladies and gentlemen, children and families, shooting companies and leaders were painted by him during his career. Already in the 16th century the leaders and rich business people were having their portraits painted. With stronger economic growth in the Golden century (Gouden Eeuw) many other famous portrait painters moved to Amsterdam, which was becoming a world city of great wealth and importance. Rembrandt moved there in 1631 from Leiden. From the middle 1630s those from Haarlem came too and van der Helst was among those that arrived then.

Family life Bartholomeus van der Helst was born in 1613 at Haarlem. We do not know the precise date as the town registers covering that period were subsequently lost. We must therefore infer his birth year from other documents in his life. On his marriage certificate in 1636 it stated that he was approximately 24 years of age. This means that he was born in either 1612 or 1613. In the important book on the Lives of Artists published and printed in 1661, it is recorded as being 1613. The year 1613 is therefore the best date that we have evidence for. The painter was the second son of Lodewijck Lowys van der Helst en Aeltje Bartels. His father Lodewijck Lowys lived and worked in the Grote Houtstraat (Big wood street) in Haarlem at a tavern called ‘Den gecroonde Oijevaar’ (The Crowned Stork). Lodewijck Lowys often operated in the course of his business between other taverns in Amsterdam during the years 1625 to 1627, but returned permanently to Haarlem in 1627. Whether or not the 14 year old Bartholomeus went back to Haarlem or stayed in Amsterdam then we do not know. The oldest surviving evidence we have for him living in Amsterdam is his marriage certificate, it states that he got engaged to the orphan Anna du Pire on April 18, 1636. Their wedding followed on May 4, 1636 and took place at the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church). Within the year their first child was born on March 3, 1637. There followed another 5 children, only two of which would make it into adulthood, Susanna born 1638 and Lodewijk February 2, 1642.. The married couple Van der Helst - Du Pire lived at the beginning

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of their life together in the Nieuwmarkt (New market) just over from the Waaggebouw (Weigh bridge building). Later the artist leased a house in 1647 on the Walenpleintje (*Little Walloon square). Maybe he used this house as a studio? From 1660 Van der Helst and his wife lived in a house in the Nieuwe Doelenstraat (New Shooting club street), but in 1665 he went back to the Nieuwmarkt (New market). By his death in 1670 he lived in Doelenstraat (Shooting club street). He was therefore always very close to his source of income from the rich shooting guilds. From their daily life we only know one or two stories. In October 1648 in the house of Van der Helst in the Nieuwmarkt a small tragedy occurred. Anna du Pire threw a pot at her servant girl Cornelia Willems and then threw her out of the house. The reason for this action we do not know, but Cornelia felt so aggrieved that she went to a solicitor/lawyer a few days later to seek legal advice. Another incident is recorded to do with the mistreatment of Van der Helst’s dog! In February 1653 the painter had to hire the services of a solicitor to get redress from an incident with his dog. The dog had worried some chickens in a backyard and a servant had taken the dog away and locked it in a lavatory! The dog was eventually found and the whole incident recorded for posterity. Bartholomeus van der Helst died at the beginning of December 1670 in his 57th year. He was buried on the 16th of the month in the graveyard of the Walenkerk (*Walloon Church). Quickly after the death of his father Lodewijk took his mother Anna in. We have evidence again from a solicitor that in exchange for taking his mother in Lodewijk would be allowed to keep and use his father’s artist materials. His sister Susanna was not to be allowed to have these even after the death of his mother Anna du Pire in 1679. No good came of this, as when the son Lodewijk and his wife died in 1684 his sister Susanna refused to take their two sons in. They had to go to the Aalmoezeniersweeshuis (Almoner’s orphanage), where they both died at an early age.

Career and Patricians Where and with whom Van der Helst learnt his trade we do not know for sure. The best candidate is Nicolaes Eliasz Pickenoy (1588 - 1650) and it is possible that an apprentice was served under this famous artist. Pickenoy was one of the leading portrait painters in Amsterdam at the beginning of the 17th century. His larger than life portraits suited the taste of the Amsterdam citizens well. It is possible that around 1632 Van

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der Helst helped to paint the famous group portrait ‘De Schuttersmaaltijd van kapitein Jacob Backer’ (The Shooters’ mealtime of Captain Jacob Backer). For certain by 1637 Van der Helst was an artist in his own right, as this is the year of his earliest signed and dated painting. This earliest work shows that he was even at that time an exceptional portrait painter. It is a group portrait picture of the leaders of the Walenweeshuis (*Walloon orphan house). This orphan house was established in 1631 by the Amsterdamse Waalse Kerk (*Amsterdam Walloon Church) at a building in Laurierstraat. The style of the portrait shows that his work had overtones of technique from the south Netherlands school. After the fall of Antwerp in 1585 and the definitive return of the Spanish, there was an influx of refugees from the south Netherlands. Many settled in Haarlem and Amsterdam. In the records of these people we find the immediate ancestors of Van der Helst and also the family of his wife Anna du Pire. Bartholomeus’ older brother married a Waals meisje (*Walloon girl). Two years later in 1639, Van der Helst received his most important and biggest commission to date. He was asked to paint the entire company of Roelof Bicker, a total of 32 people were depicted in amazing life like detail. It was this impressive portrait that made his name as the definitive master of this type of painting. He was always to have an important client base after this time, right up until his death in 1670. In his last year of life he is known to have painted only one picture. As we know the identity of many of the portrait sitters, we also know a great deal about his commissions with the Amsterdam patricians. Burgemeesters such as Andries Bicker, Joan Huijdecoper and Cornelis Janz Witsen were painted by Van der Helst. The last person Cornelis Janz Witsen, particularly interests me as he was a prominent member of the Sint Joris Doelen (St George’s shooting club), he was a very powerful and impressive man and I knew him! He is seen in the Schuttersmaaltijd holding the silver drinking horn beaker of St George and the dragon. You can tell he is a Long bowman by his impressive deep chest and shoulder width. In the period 1646 - 1648 he received many important commissions from Rotterdam as there was at that time no prominent portrait painter of note in residence. He was a popular artist and could command the highest prices for his work. In 1650 Van der Helst received for two portraits the sum of 330 guilders, plus the cost of six weeks living in at the client’s expense.

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This is to be compared to the wages of a skilled workman at 20 stuivers a day, which amounted to 300 guilders a year. Eight years later he was able to charge a staggering 1400 guilders for a family portrait of 5 people. This was not to last, with increased competition and as his skills diminished with age, in 1667 he only received 400 guilders for a family portrait of 3 people. Even though he had initially asked for double that amount. We know this from documents of the time around 1664 -1667. In 1664 Van der Helst asked for 1000 guilders for a portrait of Pieter van der Venne with is wife and child. They did not want to pay all of the money, so he had to engage a solicitor to seek recompense. In 1665 they only wanted to pay 300 guilders for the portrait, ‘maer ten respecte vande meester sijn naem ende reputatie’ (much against the respect for the master and his reputation). He would accept nothing less than 400 guilders. There followed three more documents on this dispute and on the death of Van der Venne in 1667 he was paid precisely 400 guilders and 60 cents. *Walen and Waals etc. are to do with the French speaking Walloon part of modern day Belgium around Brussels. The refugees fleeing from this area to avoid Spanish Catholic oppression in the late 16th century brought with them their own Protestant church, dress and customs.

The words St Joris (St George) resonated in my head as I translated the caption to the painting in the book

De schilder Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 -70) legde de grote schut- tersmaaltijd vast, die ter gelegenheid van de vrede in de St Joris Doelen te Amsterdam gehouden werd. Kapitein Cornelis Witsen (met de zilveren drinkbeker) wordt gelukgewenst door luitenant Johan Oetgens van Waveren. Op de trommel een gedicht van Jos Vos op de vrede.

The painter Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 -70) placed the great Shooters’ Mealtime showing the opportunity of the peace permanently in the St George’s Club of Amsterdam. Captain Cornelis Janz Witsen (with the silver drinking beaker/horn) is wished good luck by Lieutenant Johan Oetgens of Waveren. On the drum is a letter from Jos Vos about the Peace. The peace mentioned was the celebrated Peace Treaty of Münster signed on 15 May 1648 thereby ending the 80 years of conflict with the Holy Roman Empire. This coincided politically with the end of the 30

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years war in Germany, which had overtaken in magnitude the Dutch struggle for independence. The signature of the Spanish King Philip IV effectively ended all political and religious interference in the Netherlands by the Empire and heralded the beginning of the Gouden Eeuw. The shooters mealtime - St Joris Doelen - St George’s Shooting Club. Like the words BAD WOLF scatter throughout time and space in the recent Dr Who series featuring Christopher Eccleston, the words St George hit me as a cosmic memory jogger. I had attended St George’s School, my first teaching post was at St George’s School and the school magazine was called the Georgian. My previous funeral was at St George’s Church Griffin, Georgia - October 1, 1912. Spookily my mother had given me a St George’s image English gold half-sovereign ring with the date 1913 on as a coming of age present! She had also previously given me an American 1875 silver dime plus St Christopher medallion - psychic Mums’ huh! I had been born a Georgian February 23, 1828. I had served in the 5th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry during the American Civil War and now here it was in Dutch, St Joris! St George a sign post from another time. My subconscious had latched onto the image, clocked the visage even though my conscious mind hadn’t a clue! That is why I bought a second copy - eureka! The subconscious mind motivates in mysterious ways its miraculous magic to perform - awesome! I now had a face to put to the internet information freshly downloaded. This was a Christmas present to die for! I had been reunited with my friends and I realised that the next book was about to launch itself into the public domain. I had won the universal lottery for a second time - now how cool was that?

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Chapter Two

There was a soldier, a Scottish soldier

In this chapter I intend to review the history and circumstances surrounding the picture that now hangs in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. It is important to understand the development and use of such a painting within the context of its historical time and place. The reader may also gain a flavour of what life was like in this exciting city of Amsterdam or Amsteladam (Aemfteladam) as it was known then. Literally the dam of the Amstel river as it flows into the Zuider Zee, now the Ijssel meer, as it intersects with the Ij (Ya) as was. This will act a springboard for the life and times of William Baillie, Covenant General as I remember it. Imagine the atmosphere of the gold rush boom years of America combined with the lights and sights of Las Vegas! Well that is how Amsteladam appeared to the outsider coming to seek their fortune and try their luck. A rich young vibrant city a wash with money and goods from the far-flung corners of the globe, nothing seemed impossible. Even the might of the newly evicted and dispossessed overlords of the Holy Roman Spanish Empire, a Catholic nightmare of aristocracy, order and control was held in contempt. North Holland and South Holland had formed an alliance with Friesland to form their own independent republic based on education, fair trade and the Protestant religion and safe behind their dykes and canals the new fledgling republic felt confident to say the least. The whole thing had kicked off by accident when Queen Elizabeth I of England evicted the Sea Beggars (Zee Geuze) from Dover Harbour on April 1,1572, as a pacifying gesture to King Philip II of Spain. The Sea Beggars acting as pirates had plagued Spanish shipping for nearly 20 years. This had suited the English Queen who turned a blind eye to their

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actions and had given haven to them and the many Flemish Protestant weavers that had fled Catholic repression in the Lowlands. Many towns locally such as Sandwich in Kent and Colchester in Essex now contained a two-thirds Flemish population. Much of their distinctive architecture is still in evidence today in both Sandwich and to a lesser extent Canterbury close by. The icon smashing Beeldenstorm of 1566 in the Lowlands had been the centrepiece of the mounting religious dissent that was a ticking time bomb in the Spanish owned Lowlands. The Sea Beggars had ravaged the Catholic ships of the Empire in the English Channel (Pas de Calais) and had now become something of an embar- rassment to the Queen. Wishing to avoid the wrath of Spain and avert an invasion she ousted the Beggars on the said above date. Homeless, but full of fight they decided to attack the coastal town of Den Briel on one of the islands at the mouth of the Rijn, Maas and Waal near present day Rotterdam. Plundering was their trade much as their Viking ancestors had engaged in some five centuries early, so Den Briel presented a logical soft target ripe for the picking. Imagine their surprise at being presented with the keys to the town upon their arrival! The towns folk positively welcomed them with open arms and after a number of days deliberation they decided that they might as well hoist up their own flag and cock a snook at the might of Spain. Willem van Lumey, graaf van der Marck, a prominent South Netherlands Nobleman as leader of the Sea Beggars was pronounced the conqueror of Den Briel, and so the republic was born by accident, a focus to the seething discontent had been found and a rallying point for open rebellion established. Spain was furious at the temerity of these upstarts and sought to crush them with the might of her armies. Such a jewel in the crown could not be let go of so easily. It would be a trifling job they thought and so the Duke of Alva was dispatched forthwith to bring the malcontents into line. The job however despite fire and sword proved to be the exact opposite. Rebellion was now rife in the coastal provinces of the Lowlands and many cities such as Ghent and Antwerp became openly Protestant. An Anti-Catholic alliance formed by people of intellect and education now galvanised the struggle. These industrious people artisans, merchants, teachers and even farmers were all literate to a high degree, a noted fact commented upon by several observers of the time and together with the new invention of the printing press they would not be easily over come.

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The ignorant and illiterate are easy to suppress. They believe exactly what lies you care to tell them be they religious or political, but these people were something else, they thought for themselves, had opinions and could read. A very dangerous cocktail and Spain was having none of that - whatever next? To legitimise their new won freedom the Dutch people looked for a leader. A strong Protestant Duke that would give the new regime credibility in the eyes of Europe was sought and found in the guise of William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger) Prince of Orange Nassau. He had previously and famously crossed the Maas River in 1568 thereby initiating what came to be known as the Eighty Years War, de Tachtigejarige Oorlog 1568 - 1648 now he had a power base on which to consolidate. He became the first Stadthouder, a Town holder not a King or Monarch, but a holder of a State governed by its own people, a democracy. It was literally a reinvention of the city states alliance from classical Greece. All of this appealed to William Baillie a staunch Protestant of a Lowland Scottish background out to seek his fortune in a cause worth fighting for. I am uniquely privy to the memories of 9 past lives all inter-linked and as such I can pinpoint with extreme accuracy the events that caused William to think and act as he did. The struggle for democracy and his fervent belief in its justification is born from my memory of being a hoplite soldier for Athens in circa 490 BC, fighting for the preservation of a democratic state against the overwhelming odds of the Persian Empire. The evil empire that was now Catholic and Spanish with the all-important hatred of Rome attached. This was again born out of another memory of a life after Ancient Greece in which I was captured or was deliberately surrendered to the Roman Army in the aftermath of Boudicca’s rebellion of 61AD. I was only 4 or 5 years of age at the time, but we were marched to the Gates of Rome and sold as slaves. I was bought up in a Roman household as a child slave, but sold to a gladiator school when I became too much of a handful as an adolescent. I was made to fight in the Coliseum as a retiarius, a net caster with trident. My only form of physical escape past the age of 26 was to become skilled enough to be a Doctores, literally a teacher or trainer of gladiators. I learnt this from watching the spiders’ spin their webs and catch their prey. Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, would learn lessons the same way many years later. The enduring humiliation and repulsion engendered by such a horrific experience echoes to the present day. It is the reason I am familiar with Latin and always wanted to be a Doctor.

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William Baillie carried that burning hatred of Rome, Catholicism and the Empire, it would motivate his every move during his mercenary career as a soldier of fortune. Finally the hatred would only be cured by the love of a tender Irish Catholic girl named Mary Sullivan in 1870 (see Rebel Spirit), in another lifetime and another place, a healing, which continues to this present day. The currency for all that follows was paid for not in gold, but in silver, just as 30 pieces of silver betrayed our dear Lord in the Bible. For the Republic was like a giant silver mine and its miners were soldiers - huurlingen. Soldiers were needed in vast quantities and silver was the currency of their hire. If the young nascent Republic was to survive against the Spanish war machine in the coming months and years lots of silver would be required. Much came from the well off populace and then yet much more from trade spanning the four corners of the globe. Soldiers came from all over, many from surrounding Protestant countries such as Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Scotland, Germany and especially England - how the English love a fight! But in my case it was Scotland that leapt to the clarion’s call. Here’s money in your pocket and ale in your stomach! Or rather fine Rhine wine served in elegant green tinted glasses. Imagine the attraction to a not so well off third child of a second marriage to a not so well off Scottish Laird, struggling to make ends meet in the cold wet lowlands of Bonnie Scotland. Dutch silver, buckets of it, all waiting there for the picking up. Rich merchants would provide the cash especially in that thriving centre of commerce of Amsteladam on the Zuider Zee. Centuries of Scottish wool trading with the weavers of the Netherlands had ensured close links with Flanders. The Flemish weavers in turn producing excellent cloth were the mainstay of the European clothing industry - everybody wore wool. My own Baillie family, Baillieul, were of Flemish descent coming over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and settling just below modern day Glasgow in Lanarkshire, which in turn would have its own mighty woollen and cotton mills in the Victorian era. The wealth of England too was based on wool and the Chancellor sat on a woolsack, a tradition that is maintained to this very day. The war progressed in a Vietnam style conflict of hit and run, fight and flight in the impassable wet marshlands of what is now known as Holland and Belgium. Fortified towns surrounded by canals and rivers became fortress strongholds, difficult to reduce by siege. The large land

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armies of Spain floundered in the impassable terrain and became easy prey for the Dutch forces that often attacked by night. Any commander knows that rivers can mean the death of an army, unable to cross they become trapped and are executed without so much as the blinking of an eye. It was a dangerous, deadly territory of terror for the average conscript soldier, inspiring vicious and savage reprisals against the civilian population of a town or city when it was finally captured. Such a fate awaited cities such as Ghent, Antwerp and Maastricht and so the atrocities mounted. But on the other hand if your side possesses ships armed with cannon, boats and barges then you had the upper hand. Troops could be rushed to points of weakness at a moments notice and thus a small efficient and mobile force could hold out and defeat one ten times larger. It was recorded that the average progress of travel was in the order of 3 to 4 miles a day due to the innumerable watercourses that make up the region. Samuel Pepys famously commented that the Netherlands were the buttocks of the World being so full of blood, arteries and veins! It should be emphasised that this was at a point when the Dutch Navy had just soundly thrashed the Royal Navy at the time of the Restoration. Another device used to great effect by the Dutch troops was the long pole with which they would pole vault across water obstacles from polder to polder, polstokspringen as it is still known and practised (or veld jappen in Fries). I had the pleasure of trying this first hand in Groningen 1976 at the combined Animal Health Laboratory, Gezonheidsdiest voor Dieren games weekend, (Noord Brabant, Friesland, Groningen and Drente all took part). It is a skilled occupation requiring considerable dexterity and strength if one is to avoid getting extremely wet! But the technique was used to great effect by the States troops in their hit and run campaigns during the 80 Years War. Thus the Dutch Republic Army fought through its first 50 years blessed with clever and farsighted commanders, good equipment and regular pay, drilled and highly disciplined, their name became synonymous with universal excellence. Phrases such as Dutch discipline and Dutch order were written into the military manuals of the time throughout Europe and the yardstick was set for all other armies. It was a fantastic feeling to be part of such an awesome and efficient machine, a feeling I would only experience again when in the ranks of the New Model Army. Much is made in England of the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 by Sir Francis Drake and his band of excellent English

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naval pirates and quite rightly so. But the larger political picture of the Spanish involvement with the Netherlands is often overlooked or at best reduced to one line. Much as William Baillie’s part and that of his Scottish Infantry at Marston Moor 1644 is underplayed in English history books! It should be remembered that the Armada was to have invaded London with Spanish troops drawn from Flanders. Tying up those very troops were the combined forces of the nascent Dutch Republic. Due to the invention and mass production of firearms in the early 1500’s armies had grown considerably larger and more expensive as the weight of shot, lead shot, now determined the course of a battle. Due to the vulnerability of the unarmoured shotte to cavalry charges armoured pikemen were employed with 18-foot ash pikes to fend off any such threat at the crucial point of a battle. With the invention of the bayonet, which effectively combined the shot and pike into one unit the tactics would ultimately evolve into the British Square of military renown in later times. The Swiss too had developed the pike into a formidable offensive as well as defensive weapon in the late 1400’s such that a citizen army was able to inflict defeat on the finest chivalry in Europe. Most notably that of the forces of Charles the Bold of Burgundy, Charles himself coming to a particularly sticky end on the point of one at Nancy 1477. Well drilled formations of Pike and Shotte were the queen of the battlefield, as artillery was largely employed in siege operations. The guns and cannons far too cumbersome and heavy for field use, unless a large static engagement was undertaken. But the enemy had to oblige you by turning up for the contest and the Dutch were a lot smarter than that. Sneaky is best! Hit and run, don’t fight fair, survival was at stake, not merely the annexation of a few extra feudal acres to the estates of some aristocratic fop or popinjay. This was cold bloody calculated survival and Spain would hang, burn, torture, and mutilate all opposition - no quarter given. The Inquisition still held sway in Spanish dominated lands and the Church would suffer no heresy to survive. Pain was the Lord’s scourge to cleanse the Devil from the souls of their victims and pain there was a plenty. The city of Ghent managed to change hands several times with much “cleansing” going on both ways. Those poor people; for England was safe behind its white cliffs and 21 miles of channel and could only look on in horror and succour the refugees as they flooded in. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester intervened

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on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I in 1585, by sending troops to help at a time when it looked as though Holland would be over run by the Spanish and disaster was averted. But in 1588 as a direct consequence of this action Spain hurled its might against our island nation with the mighty Spanish Armada, the greatest ever invasion fleet assembled up until that date. It was down to a few cocky and arrogant sea-pirates by the names of Drake and Rayleigh et al to defeat the might of Spain. Again by not fighting fair, they sent fire ships into Calais harbour thereby securing victory and left the weather to do the rest. The Armada never made it home for sailing by way of Scotland most of the remaining ships were wrecked by storms. The invasion had been prevented, England was saved and the Spanish troops meant to invade London from the Spanish Netherlands never got to set foot on their mighty ships. All this boded well for Holland and the Dutch Republic. France ever envious of the Hapsburg Austrian/Spanish alliance and fearful of their combined power took to the field in 1636, thus entering the religious phase of the Thirty Years War in Germany. The novels of Alexandre Dumas one of my favourite French authors uses the events leading up to this intervention as a mighty canvas. The Three Musketeers - a heady mix of political intrigue and swashbuckling adventure, set in the 1620s and 30s frames the period admirably. This was the time of William Baillie’s adventures in Holland, no coincidence then that I should be so drawn to the works of Dumas and his creations, the immortal musketeers Athos, Porthos, Aramis and D’Artagnan - un pour tous et tous pour un! Even the very word musketeer conjures up memory with me. So against this backdrop William Baillie a young Scottish exile of some 20 winters found himself in the busy city seaport of Vlissingen, at the mouth of the river Scheldt. An important river that leads to Antwerpen, the largest Flemish seaport at the time. Vissingen had always had strong links with the Scottish wool trade and therefore was a natural port of entry for young Scottish men seeking their fortune. Lowland Scottish wool of good quality was much sought after by the Flemish weavers and a healthy vibrant trading link existed. For William Baillie knew the wool trade well from his family’s estates, but being a third child of a second marriage prospects were not good for fame and fortune, he therefore had to head abroad. It is the year of our Lord 1620, armed only with a rusty sword, an old longbow and a cloak of an indeterminate muddy colour our hero strode along the quayside to seek his fortune. The parallels with

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the young D’Artagnan are there for all to see. The Baillie memory previous to this is of serving the Black Prince in Gascony as an archer in the 1340s, hence the longbow and of course D’Artagnan hailed from Gascony! Like wise William would rise in fame, marry a beautiful young blonde Zeeuwse meisje by the name of Anneke Adriaansdater, the sister of a famous Dutch Admiral and after many adventures end up living in Amsteladam. Where for posterity he would have his portrait painted. The sight was awe inspiring such a collection of diverse peoples, densely packed housing and wealth. But even more awe inspiring were the women! Blonde, lithe and limber, fair on the eye and heavy on the purse. Bright eyed and bushy tailed they talked in a hypnotic guttural language which emanated from beautiful full lipped mouths with shining white teeth. Outstanding! This was the only thought that ran through William’s head after a rough voyage of several days. “I have died and gone to heaven, for these beings are truly angels,” He thought out aloud. And he was not the first to have uttered these sentiments as Pope Gregory - the largest slave owner in Europe had uttered the very same words upon seeing Anglo-Saxon boys in a Roman slave market around 590AD. The timber framed Tudor style dwellings, warm and cosy, human in dimension, surrounded him. The smell of the fish market, with its new herring, smoked eels and shellfish were all there mouth watering and accessible. Appealing desperately to his sense of hunger and somewhat limited funds. The stacks of cheeses, veritable mountains of them in various colours further tempted the palette and senses. All was hustle and bustle, commerce and trade, with fine cloth garments for sale, well to do people everywhere; for these were people of substance and William would be having some of that! But first some lodgings. Heading for the nearest tavern enquiries are made to find shelter. William learnt by chance that a local beer porter by the name of Adriaan Michielszoon has a small room for rent despite his over large family. This would be a crucial encounter for William would grow very fond of his new Dutch family and ultimately marry into it. Also he is sharing with another young Scottish hopeful by the name of Jamie Lumsden. Jamie proved to be splendid company from the outset and their chance encounter on the ship from Edinburgh to this new life would cement their friendship throughout life and beyond. Now to earn a living, soldiers are being hired by the cart load, so a young William Baillie and an equally young Jamie Lumsden enlist in a military company. Baillie sets aside his bow as it is of little relevance in

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an age of gunpowder, pikes and muskets. He is given a pike as the cheapest form of armament, but he quickly resolves to exchange this at the first opportunity for a halberd (poleaxe), he favours this weapon as its use is familiar to him. From his subconscious memory of soldiering with the Black Price he has the skill necessary to use it effectively for it is a difficult weapon to master and requires great strength. His archers muscles were used to pulling the longbow with it 120 pound draw weight and his body like mine remembers the training it received in that lifetime. Charging like a wild boar into the breech of several assaults gets him quickly noticed, he advances meteorically propelled by calculated stupidity, youth and vigour. Always leading by example from the front, others soon follow him. Better to die young than to rot away old and poor, his Viking subconscious past has taught him well as has his time with the Black Prince. He attempts at every turn to live up to his father, Sir William Baillie’s teachings and the image of the Baillie heraldry, a boar helmeted crest set on a shield of nine stars that adorns the main arch of the Baillie Tower Keep. Go in hard and you won’t get hurt, head down and knock ‘em over - all his youthful lessons are remembered to good effect. Scotland is a tough place and his family taught him well through self-reliance and determination, he soon becomes a Sergeant and then a Lieutenant. Always in the thick of the fighting, always enthusiastic, always winning. In 1623 William Baillie became involved in the relief of Bergen-op- Zoom, which was being besieged at the time by the Spanish. Unusually this matter had become personal as his adopted family come from there and Michiel their 15 year old son also enlists a soldier to help his family. Baillie is fond of Michiel who shows great courage and determination to win freedom for his family and he promises his family that he will look after the boy, although Baillie at 23 is not much older than his adopted charge. This encapsulates all that the people of the Netherland are fighting for in Baillie’s mind, freedom from oppression and servitude, a cause worth fighting for! At the siege relief Michiel is so taken with his Uncle’s profession as a cavalryman (Ruiter or Ruyter) that he takes the name De Ruyter as his own surname! Baillie likewise is taken with the same impression and determines to aspire to becoming a cavalryman when the opportunity and funds allow, for it is an expensive business. This determination would ultimately affect his whole career and life, also his life following as a cavalryman in the American Civil War, but he does not know this yet. The troops are finally successful, the siege is

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broken and Michiel returns to Vlissingen and his life at sea. Baillie returns with him and the family are glad to see them both safe again. Success wealth and patronage enable him to think about starting his own company of soldiers for hire. This grows quickly into a regiment as success follows success for there is plenty of fighting to do under Prins Maurits and plenty of silver for the taking. But you’ve got to be good as Maurits’ is a stickler for discipline and cannot abide inefficiency. It’s discipline under fire that wins battles. Baillie loves his Prince and just as he loved the Black Prince previously the pattern continues unbroken. In 1625, Prins Maurits died suddenly, which shattered William Baillie’s up and coming world. He was deeply saddened by the event and the loss of the man he so respected and one who inspired his men to excel. But his brother, the youthful Frederick Hendrik then became Stadthouder and a new rising star took to the firmament. In his new boss Baillie saw a winner, a man with vision and the commitment to build a lasting nation state. A man worth serving, one who’s family had paid dearly in blood for the cause of liberty. In William Baillie’s/my mind, I see in him echoes of the Black Prince, the ultimate mercenary soldier and statesman. Frederik Hendrik was such a man and his time was now! Maurits had secured the solid foundation, of the Dutch Republic with his efficient military machine, now his younger brother would build a glorious structure of state upon it and William Baillie would be part of it. It is this love that fired up William Baillie in his service to the political leaders of his adopted country. An overwhelm- ingly strong bond of loyalty, love and honour in the service of freedom for Frederik Hendrik, Stadthouder and his crusade against the evil Catholic Empire, for he intends to expand the borders of the fledgling Republic State and thereby secure its people’s future. He does this with blinding efficiency in 1629 when he marches on s’Hertogenbosch the capital of the northern most quarter of the Dukedom of Brabant, which stretches all the way to Brussels. Then as now a seat of power and government, the Arch Duchess Isabella holds the reigns of power in the name of the Hapsburg Austro-Spanish Empire. In William Baillie’s mind as in mine now this is a Holy crusade against the evils and corruption of Rome. His hatred of Rome is unleashed with devastating effect and the epic text book siege of s’Hertogenbosch of 1629 begins. There is nothing a soldier likes more than to get paid for a siege. Sitting on one’s haunches drinking ale and listening to the relentless pounding of the large cannon as they batter mercilessly away at the city

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walls - excellent work if you can find it! Frederik Hendrik had not made the mistake of his brother and had bought some 100+ cannon to make short work of the stout defences of the city of s’Hertogenbosch (Bois le Duc in French) the Wood of the Duke often shortened to simply Den Bosch. Surrounded by marsh the city was pounded, it was a pleasant warm summer and the troops waited in no undue hurry for the order to storm the city. Fredrik Hendrick’s own motto of zweet spaart bloed (Sweat spares blood) summed up the proceedings perfectly and was illustrated in a famous engraving of the time entitled, Die Waecht, Die Wint (Those that wait, win!) by Claes Janszoon Visscher. William Baillie had good reason to take care for he had recently married. Upon returning to visit his adopted family in the spring of 1628, William’s eye was caught and his breath taken away by the fair haired young daughter of Adriaan, whom he first remembered vaguely as but a child of 7, when he first arrived. Now this elegant young woman had glided into the room and William could hardily believe his eyes Was this the little Anneke that he remembered all those years ago? The effect was instant. He was a successful soldier and now a Colonel of a Dutch Infantry Regiment about to engage in an epic siege and she was a fair ornament of her sex, clever witty and intelligent. But her most stunning feature in his eyes was her long radiant blonde hair, which shone in the morning sun. Not that Holland and Vlissingen got much sun, but when it did - POW! No written record exists of her name as Scottish historians’ decline to record the names of foreign nationals in genealogical records, but I can remember and my memory has served me true so far. The name of this Dutch Angel that had captured a rough soldier’s heart was Annie, short for Anneke and she was every inch a De Ruyter, a name her brother had adopted, for unknown at that time she would be related to one of Holland’s most famous Admirals - Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (27 March 1607 - 29 April 1676). Summer walks along the beach at Vlissingen fired up their passion as much as the warmth of the sun and the ever fresh salt sea air. They fell in love and Baillie had the means to make a very comfortable life for them both. Adriaan and Altje, Anneke’s father and mother gave the marriage their blessing, they were actually somewhat relieved as a dowry would not be require and it would mean one mouth less to feed and so the happy couple were married that autumn. (The whole scenario was re-enacted in the long hot summer of 1976 and I can particularly remember the violent electric jolt of subconscious recognition that I received whilst

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watching a Dutch TV programme about a young blonde girl that lived in an old fisherman’s cottage on a beach by a sea wall. Although set in Victorian times the similarity was so close that I still remember it after 30 years!) The siege of 1629 would prove to be the most successful and well paid yet, Anneke would give birth to their first born son, Jamie Baillie on October 29, and this would offset the emotional loss of her father just 9 days earlier. Triumph and tragedy all rolled into one, what a year. They would ultimately set up home in Amsteladam after William Baillie’s adventures in Germany. For now, well provided for, Anneke and baby Jamie would stay to comfort her mother during 1630 to 1632. For William Baillie now fully kitted out as a Ruyter there was work to do! But first a brief look at the career of William Baillie’s new brother-in-law. Michiel would marry a second wife by the name of Cornelia Neeltje Engels on June 1, 1636. The daughter of a Dr van Engel (of the or from the Angel!) My nickname for Anneke of mijn Nederlandse Engel was therefore associated with this event. May even have influenced Michiel to chose her?!!! Their third daughter Cornelia de Ruyter looked very much like her Auntie Anneke as the portrait shows. Also her brother Engel de Ruyter would rise to become a Dutch Admiral in his own right. Despite coming from humble roots, of which he was proud, he became the most famous Admiral in Dutch history. De Ruyter fought the English in the first three Anglo-Dutch Wars and scored several major victories.

Early Life De Ruyter was born in 1607 in Vlissingen (Flushing), son of a beer porter, and became a sailor at the age of 11 in 1618. In 1622 aged just 15, he fought as a musketeer against the Spaniards in the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau during the relief of Bergen-op-Zoom before once again joining the Dutch merchant fleet, steadily working his way up. In the years between 1623 and 1631, according to English sources he worked in Dublin as an agent for the Vlissingen based merchant house of the Lampsins brothers. Although no Dutch source has any data about his where-abouts in these years, it’s a fact that De Ruyter spoke Irish fluently. Occasionally he would travel as supercargo to the Mediterranean or the Barbary Coast. In 1631 he married for the first time to a farmer’s daughter named Maayke Velders. The marriage did not last long: late 1631 Maayke died after giving birth to a daughter who

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followed her mother in death shortly after. It’s unknown how De Ruyter, who during this time still simply referred to himself as ‘Michael Adriaensoon’ (son of Adriaen) coped with the loss; information about his life during this period is very scarce. In 1633 De Ruyter set sail for Jan Mayen Island serving as first mate on a fleet of five to hunt for whales; he did the same in 1634 and 1635; at this point he probably did not yet have a command of his own. In the summer of 1636 he married again, this time to a woman named Neeltje Engels, daughter of a wealthy burgher, who would give him four children. One of these would die quickly, the others were named Adriaen (1637), Neeltje (1639) and Aelken (1642). In the midst of this De Ruyter would receive his first true command: in 1637 he became captain of a private ship meant to hunt for Dunkirker raiders who were causing Dutch merchant shipping much loss. He sailed repeatedly in this function between 1637 and 1640. After sailing as ‘schipper’ of a merchant vessel named de Vlissinge for a while, he was asked by the Zeeland Admiralty to become captain of the Haze, a merchant ship turned man-of-war carrying 26 guns in a fleet under Admiral Gijsels fighting the Spanish, teaming up with the Portuguese during their rebellion. The Dutch fleet, with De Ruyter as third in command, beat back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet in an action of Cape St Vincent November 4, 1641. After returning he bought his own ship, the Salamander, and between 1642 and 1652, mainly trading and voyaging to Morocco and the West Indies, became a wealthy merchant. During this time his esteem grew among other Dutch captains as he would regularly free Christian slaves buying them at his own expense. In 1650 De Ruyter’s wife, who in 1649 had given him a second son named Engel, unexpectedly passed away. He would find a new wife in the widow Anna van Gelder: they married the January 8, 1652. De Ruyter decided the time had now come to retire, buying a pleasant house in Flushing. However for him the blissful family life would not last long.

First Anglo-Dutch War During the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654), De Ruyter was asked to join the expanding fleet as a sub-commander; after initially refusing and stating he wasn’t qualified enough for such a job, De Ruyter proved his worth under Admiral Maarten Tromp, winning the Battle of Plymouth. When the war ended after Tromp had been killed at the

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Battle of Scheveningen, De Ruyter declined an emphatic offer from Johan de Witt, who would later become a personal friend, for supreme command declaring himself ‘unfit’ for such a responsible job and also fearing bypassing the seniority principle would result in much jealousy from Witte de With and Johan Evertsen. Later Colonel Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam became the new Dutch supreme commander of the confederate fleet. De Ruyter - after wisely refusing to become Obdam’s ‘assistant ‘- remained in the service of the Dutch navy however and later accepted an offer from the admiralty of Amsterdam to become their Vice-Admiral on the 2nd of March 1654. He relocated with his family to the same city in 1655.

1655-1663 In July 1655 De Ruyter took command of a squadron of eight of which the Tijdverdrijf was his flagship and set out for the Mediterranean with 55 merchantmen in convoy. Meeting an English fleet under Robert Blake along the way, he managed to avoid creating a new incident. His orders were to protect Dutch trade. After destroying many a privateer and negotiating a peace agreement with Salé, De Ruyter returned home May 1656. He did not stay home for very long as the same month the States- General, becoming ever more wary of Swedish king Charles X and his expansion plans, decided to make a statement and sent a fleet to the Baltic Sea, the southern coast of which the Swedes now also controlled as Charles had just invaded Poland. De Ruyter once again embarked on the Tijdverdrijf arriving in the Sound June 8; there he waited for Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam to arrive. After Obdam had assumed command De Ruyter and the Dutch fleet sailed to relieve the besieged city of Gdansk, which happened without any bloodshed on July 27. Peace was signed a month later. Before leaving the Baltic De Ruyter and other flag officers were granted audience by Frederick III of Denmark. De Ruyter took a liking to the Danish king who would later become a personal friend. In 1658 the States General decided to once again sent a fleet to the Baltic to protect the important Baltic trade and to aid the Danes against continued Swedish aggression. In accordance with the States’ balance of power politics a fleet under Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam was sent. On November 8, a bloody melee took place in the Sound, which Battle of the Sound resulted in a Dutch victory, relieving

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Copenhagen. Still the Swedes were far from defeated and the States decided to continue their support. De Ruyter took command of a new expeditionary fleet and managed to liberate Nyborg in 1659. For this he was knighted by the Danish king Frederick III of Denmark.

Second Anglo-Dutch War In 1664, a year before the Second Anglo-Dutch War officially began, he clashed with the English off the West African coast, where both the English and Dutch had significant slave stations, retaking the Dutch possessions occupied by Robert Holmes and then crossing the Atlantic to raid the British colonies in America. Arriving off Barbados in the Caribbean at the end of April 1665 aboard his flagship Spiegel, he led his fleet of thirteen vessels into Carlisle Bay, exchanging fire with the English batteries and destroying many of the vessels anchored there. Unable to silence the English guns and having sustained considerable damage to his own vessels, he retired to French Martinique for repairs. Sailing north from Martinique, De Ruyter captured several English vessels and delivered supplies to the Dutch colony at Sint Eustatius. Given the damage he had sustained, he decided against an assault on New York (the former New Amsterdam) to retake New Netherland and proceeded to Newfoundland, capturing several English fishing boats and anchoring at Saint John’s before proceeding to Europe. On his return to The Netherlands he learned that Van Wassenaer had been killed in the disastrous Battle of Lowestoft. Many had expected that command of the confederate fleet now go to Tromp’s son Cornelis, not least Cornelis Tromp himself, but De Ruyter was so popular after his heroic return, he instead was made commander of the Dutch fleet on 11 August 1665, as Lieutenant-Admiral (a rank he shared with four others). In this Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) he won a hard-fought victory in the Four Days Battle (June 1666) but narrowly escaped disaster in the St James’s Day Battle (August 1666). He then became seriously ill, recovering just in time to take nominal command of the fleet executing the Raid on the Medway in 1667. The Medway raid was a costly and embarrassing defeat for the English, resulting in the loss of the British flagship and bringing the Dutch close to London and the war to its end.

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Third Anglo-Dutch War and death De Ruyter saved the situation for the Dutch in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. His strategic victories over larger Anglo-French fleets at the Battles of Solebay (1672), the double Schooneveld (1673) and Texel (Kijkduin) (1673) warded off invasion. The new rank of Lieutenant-Admiral- General was made especially for him in February 1673. Again taking the battle to the Caribbean, this time against the French, De Ruyter arrived off Martinique aboard his flagship Zeven Provinciën on July 19, 1674. He led a substantial force of thirty warships, nine store ships, and fifteen troop transports bearing 3,400 soldiers. Attempting to assault Fort Royal, his fleet was becalmed, allowing the greatly outnumbered French defenders time to solidify their defences. The next day, newly placed booms prevented De Ruyter from entering the harbour. Nonetheless, the Dutch soldiers went ashore without the support of the fleet’s guns, and were badly mauled in their attempt to reach the French fortifications atop the steep cliffs. Within two hours, the soldiers were returning to the fleet, having suffered 143 killed and 318 wounded, as compared to only 15 French defenders lost. His ambitions thwarted and the element of surprise lost, De Ruyter sailed north to Dominica and Nevis, then returned to Europe with disease spreading aboard his ships. He took command of a combined Dutch-Spanish fleet and fought a French fleet under Duquesne twice to a draw at the Battle of Stromboli and the Battle of Agosta were he was fatally wounded when a cannonball hit both his legs. His body was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church) in Amsterdam. De Ruyter was highly respected by his sailors and soldiers, who used the term of endearment Bestevâer (“Granddad”) for him, both because of his disregard for hierarchy (he was himself of humble origin) and his refusal to back away from risky and bold undertakings despite his usually cautious nature. Anneke “Annie” Adriaansdater Baillie, had all the qualities of the Admiral plus a few more! She came from a humble family in Vlissingen that had naval links with Amsterdam and the other confederate naval ports. Her brother Michiel had been on a whaling expedition 1633 to 35 - I shall use the modern name from now on, as it was coming into popular use at about this time. In 1979 I visited s’Hertogenbosch after just having surgery and with an eight inch scar barely healed and only 3 weeks old. I was drawn to

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Holland as you will read in part two of this book and visited the 350th Anniversary of the siege. I was further compelled by my subconscious to write a translated account of the siege which for William Baillie would have been his greatest exploit to date and thus emotionally memorable. It certainly made his reputation and on the back of Frederik Hendrik’s success he rode in triumph back to Vlissingen and the loving arms of his Annie. In the autumn of 1629 and to complete his triumph Annie gave birth to a son, a bonnie bouncing baby boy. Annie and William named him James (Jamie as he became lovingly known) after his long time Scottish friend and comrade in arms Sir James Lumsden a fellow mercenary soldier from Fife. Who would later rise to command his own Brigade of Scottish mercenary soldiers for Gustavus II Adolphus in the Swedish phase of the Thirty Years War. Politics were moving at a rapid pace on the mainland of Europe and the focal point now shifted to Northern Germany with Swedish preparations to invade the Catholic South. Having been paid off handsomely, yet in search of a new contract of employment William Baillie set off for the Swedish court with Jamie Lumsden and the other Scottish soldiers discharged from Dutch service. He was tremendously saddened to leave his new family, Annie his loving wife and Jamie his first born child who were never the less well provided for in the event of his not returning. The risks were great, but the rewards even greater and where there is war there is silver to be had! I experienced these same deep emotional feelings as I headed to Germany to work for the army in 1984. This time in an aeroplane rather than on a horse, but exactly synchronous with age, the feelings were overwhelming as I relived the journey in full on technicolored emotional overdrive. The isolation and the initial linguistic barrier were extremely intense, but soon conquered as I remembered my subconscious past.

Post script: When I came back from Germany in 1987 I deliberately chose to travel from Vlissingen to Sheerness on the Olau Line instead of the usual Zeebrugge/Dover or Calais/Dover crossing. At the time I can remember this strange decision and wondering why I had chosen to do this? It just seemed the right thing to do! This would have been the exact same embarkation point as for the Vlissingen/Edinburgh crossing of 1638!!!

Just realised: ICB April 30, 2006

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Chapter Three

Under the Black Flag

The year is 1630 and William Baillie found himself together with countless other adventurers and mercenaries seeking employment with the King of Sweden, Gustavus II Adolphus, like Frederik Hendrik he is a man of substance and vision. He is handsome, intelligent and heroic of stature, but more importantly he has ideals, moral fibre and integrity; Gustavus is truly a man worth serving. He is determined to assemble the best most modern and dedicated army in Europe. One that will in due course take on the might of the Hapsburgs and the evil Catholic Empire that mentally enslaves the European mainland. A task that meets whole- heartedly with William Baillie’s own subconscious agenda. Baillie now with a formidable reputation for success under the Dutch flag and wealth of his own decides to offer his sword to the Swedish King. He enlists in the newly formed German Mercenary Cavalry being marshalled by Colonel now newly promoted General Åke Tott, a formidable soldier that has headed the Swedish and Finnish native cavalry for the past several years. But Gustavus II Adolphus needs bigger and better horses, more heavily armed cavalrymen and plenty of them if he is to take on the might of the Empire. William Baillie has equipped himself at his own expense for just such a role with sturdy well made munitions grade Dutch armour comprising of a blackened single nasal bar pot, back and breast plate and an armoured hand guard for his rein hand. All combined with a heavy-duty buff coat, he would wear this for the next 30 years, on a daily basis as his uniform. Armed with two sizeable heavy duty cuirassier wheel lock pistols and a good stiff tuck (sword) of a rapier design, he is ready to serve in the coming campaigns. He needs only to change the plume in his helmet from Dutch orange to Swedish yellow and blue to proclaim his allegiance. Contemporary

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history books show the Swedes wearing Green plumes for the Royal House, but that is not my memory! I definitely remember sporting Swedish Yellow and Blue plumes. This was extremely convenient as when returning to Scotland I could wear the Blue for Scotland and the Blue and Yellow for the Baillie of Lamington heraldic colours. It is entirely possible that “I” selected these colours in remembrance of my Swedish service? Certainly the previous Baillie heraldic colours were white stars on a black background and it is known from records that General Baillie’s regiment surrendered three of their blue and yellow colours to the New Model Army at Warrington in 1648. Also as a post script, when surrendering to Cromwell and joining the New Model Army in 1648, I had only to put my original Dutch Orange plumes back into my helmet in order to ride for Parliament! Modesty and economy all in one, good ostrich plumes were very expensive! Now for General Tott, Gustavus II Adolphus’ “trusty snowplough” for he cleared all before him, death by name death by nature, and his lifeguard would ride under the black Totenkopf (Death’s head) flag. This being a pun on his surname and a most soldierly motif might I add!

Åke Henriksson Tott, or Achatius Tott, (1598 - 1640) was a Swedish soldier and politician. He was appointed Privy Councillor in 1630, and Field Marshal in 1631. In the Thirty Years’ War (1618 - 1648), he commanded troops at the Battle of Grubin, in 1627 and the Battle of Breitenfeld, in 1631. King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden is said to have called him “the snow plough, who is going to clear a path for the rest”. He married Sigrid Bielke (1607 - 1634), and fathered Clas Åkesson Tott the younger and Åke Henrik Åkesson Tott.

The coming campaign of shock and awe (1631 -32) would send the Catholics scurrying southwards in confusion and immortalise Gustavus’ military reputation for posterity. His untimely heroic death leading a cavalry charge would only add to the legend. Riding along side General Tott and the German Mercenary Cavalry was the equally formidable and recently promoted Torsten Stålhandske (Torsten of the Steel hand). Torsten had been Colonel of all the Finnish Cavalry under General Tott and they had built up a fearsome reputation for themselves due to their ferocious tactics and no quarter policy. Known in Finnish as the Hakkapelitta after their war cry - Hakkaa päälle! This meant simply - Hack ‘em down in English and described their tactics admirably; once

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seen and heard, never forgotten if you survived. God save us all, wrote a terrified German cleric in 1630 from the “agmen horribile hacca pellitorum!” - the terrifying onward march of the hackapells. This lament in Latin echoed eerily the words of the Lindisfarne Monks when Viking raiders destroyed their monastery in 797AD, heralding the coming of the Viking age to Saxon England. The harsh northern Scandinavian climate and landscape breeds equally harsh and unforgiving men as history has shown only too well. Now it would be the wealthy lands of Germany that would suffer from the depredations and atrocities of warfare, for Torsten had recently been promoted to Major General of all Swedish and Finnish native cavalry taking the place of his old boss General Tott. Together they would unleash hell on the Catholic German Empire. And Baillie was part of it harnessed with his trusty Dutch pot helm, back and breastplate armour and buff coat on horseback, he was unstoppable. It was a familiar echo of my pre-self that served with the Black Prince in the south west of France in the 1340s and 50s, barely 200 years previous to the events being describe here. Around and around we go, repeating the same patterns that we know - until that is, we remember and put a final halt to the carousel of misery. Serving the Black Prince then as an archer, the Black Flag now - white feathers on a black shield - white totenkopf on a black field. Finally General William Baillie at the head of the remaining Scottish field army, would find himself surrendering to Colonel Rainsborough’s Foote Regiment at Warrington in 1648. And they would carry a Black Flag complete with St George’s cross in canton, exactly the same colours that he/I served in the life previous under the Black Prince! A giant cosmic joke, yet our conscious mind sees it not, until we become super aware! The horsemen of the apocalypse rode across Germany under the Death’s head banners of General Tott in the spring of 1631. It was a visible symbol of their grim determination to destroy and conquer all before them. This symbol would resurface with the exact same meaning in the Waffen SS (1933 - 45), as Panzer Division Totenkopf with a similar message to all and sundry. My fascination with the skull and cross bones pirate flag stems from this memory as does my interest in WWII German armour, which peaked synchronous with age when I worked for the military in Germany 1984 - 87. This however, will be fully described in part II as evidence for the fractal synchronicity of time. Apprehension was in the air. The country folk looked to the tall well

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built intellectual Swede for salvation, salvation from Catholic oppression and Imperialist rule. This he would deliver in no small measure. The southerly march had begun, Frankfurt-am-der-Oder was the first city to be stormed, a good start. At first the Protestant Princes were reluctant to join Gustavus, but events were soon to change the hearts of these high born German nobles. Many wavered and sat on the political fence, but in May the Catholic League having taken Magdeburg massacred its population of 30 000 in habitants, it was a war crime of exceptional proportion. Apologists’ blamed it on the fire that raged unchecked after the storming of the city. But for the German princes the writing was on the wall and so they came, a trickle at first and then a torrent, all desperate to join Gustavus in his crusade. Sitting on the fence was no longer an option. Progress continued apace, General Tott led the way with William Baillie in his ranks. Position depended on two things, you had to have money and you had to be good. The latter made up for the former when it came to the crunch and Baillie was a good soldier. He was doing God’s work and motivated by a deep subconscious hatred of Rome. I know why he was so motivated for last summer (2004) I successfully decoded and unlocked my entire subconscious memory. There barred and shuttered deep in the basement of my soul were two particularly nasty past life memories that had been so blocked as to be unreachable until the right time. The time came when I could accept my own negativity as being am integral part of my persona. It was Dr Christine Page of Spiritual Alchemy fame that at the Glastonbury Symposium 2004 had turned the key. “It is OK to own your negativity”, she said, “for it is an integral part of your core being and as such should be owned and embraced, without it you are not whole!” This was a revelatory moment of self-realisation. Denial had blocked these particularly nasty memories much as a rape victim will block the memory of his or her own physical violation. Taking this onboard I returned home charged also with a dose of that year’s crop circles, which acted as a catalyst to accelerate the process to completion. In a remarkable week of introspection, lucid thinking whilst sailing my boat alone in the waves and having the luxury of time to record my articulated thoughts as drawings, I suddenly had clear vision of my whole soul memory. All my collected memory-abilia clicked into place. I had surrounded myself since day one of this present physical life, not just with collected artefacts from my two previous past lives in the

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American Civil War and English Civil War, but with artefacts from my entire memory store of all my previous self-aware past lives! It was all so blindingly obvious once recognised and brought into the realm of my conscious mind that I was amazed that I had not cottoned on before! I just did not know what I was looking at, it was all starring me in the face as plain as a pike staff all the time. My whole home was a temple to my own subconscious memories. I just needed to be able to read the signs and understand the language. It was that simple. I also discovered that although I liked my positive archer’s memory serving the Black Prince my core being had blocked the terrible destruction wrought on the inhabitants of the nobles of southern France. Even more deep seated at the base of it all in the black reaches of my own pit of negativity was the memory of being a captured slave of Rome. Bought, sold and made to fight in the arena as a retiarius (a net caster, armed with a trident and a net) for the sick amusement of the crowd in the Coliseum. This living nightmare had burned a mark of hatred so deep on my subconscious that my subsequent lives had been marred by vicious acts of retribution directed against civilisation in general and Rome in particular. Never was the saying if you sow the wind you will reap the whirlwind more true. The year of 1631 saw that whirlwind come to the surface and reach hurricane proportions as William Baillie joined the march of the Hackapells through the Catholic heartland of Germany. His burning hatred of Rome personified by the corrupt power of a debased Catholic Church drove him onward to destroy all before him. Baillie felt akin to the dreaded Finns of Torsten Stålhandske. They came from the Finnish borders of Russia. The land was poor, life was hard and cattle/women rustling came with the territory just as in the highlands of Scotland. They were tough men in a tough world used to taking and giving no quarter, equivalent to the dreaded Tartars employed by the Poles. Violence begets violence and those that live by the sword die by the sword. Baillie’s tortured soul was learning little by little, yet compassion was being nurtured as a glowing ember, which would flare up into a bright flame later in his life and beyond to the next and so to this present one. Events escalated and the hurricane manifest itself in the September of that year as the Armies clashed on the Battlefield of Breitenfeld 1631. This outstanding victory of the young contender Gustavus over Tilly’s Catholic League veterans would make the Swedish monarch’s

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reputation. His masterly use of new tactics such as combining the shot power of musketeers interspersed with the cavalry in what became known as Swedish order and supported by regimental cannon to break up the large Tercio formations of the League won the day. It was unheard of, the feared veterans well armoured and experienced had been beaten by a more mobile and agile upstart who had grasped the power of gunpowder, shot and shock. The day of the heavily armoured cuirassier, the last vestige of the mounted knight of the old order, master of the battlefield was finally over.

Johann Tserclaes, Graf von Tilly, born February 1559, Tilly, Brabant, Spanish Netherlands, died April 30, 1632, Ingolstadt, Bavaria Outstanding Bavarian general who was the principal commander of the Catholic League in Germany during the Thirty Years’ War. Reared by Jesuits, Tilly gained military experience fighting in a Walloon regiment and at the siege of Antwerp (1585), serving under the Spanish Netherlands general Alessandro Farnese. In 1594 Tilly joined the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II’s army campaigning against the Turks. Appointed by Duke (later Elector) Maximilian I of Bavaria to reorganise the Bavarian army (1610), Tilly created such an efficient army that it later became the backbone and spearhead of the Catholic League. At the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War (1618), he was made commander in chief of the field forces for the Catholic League. In 1620 he conducted the first campaign of the war and, after a series of successes, he marched on Prague to win the decisive Battle of the White Mountain (November 8) against the Bohemian Protestants. In the following years Tilly conquered the Upper and the Rhenish Palatinates and made himself the master of northwestern Germany. In the war against Denmark (1625–29), Tilly, with the army of the Catholic League, crushed the Swedes at the Battle of Lutter (Aug. 27, 1626). After Gustavus II Adolphus invaded Germany (1630) and after General Albrecht von Wallenstein, the imperial commander, had fallen from power, Tilly acquired command of the imperial as well as the League forces (1630). In 1631 Tilly laid siege to Magdeburg, strategically the most important point on the Elbe River and the base from which he hoped to check Gustavus II Adolphus’ advance into central Germany. On May 20, 1631, Magdeburg fell and went up in flames. The destruction of the city proved disastrous: it

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deprived Tilly of a base and of a source of food and shelter for his army, gave Swedish propaganda a powerful weapon, and branded Tilly as the “Butcher of Magdeburg.” Tilly, as commander in chief of both imperial and League armies, was seriously hampered by the political differences between the emperor and Elector Maximilian. Finally, acting on the emperor’s orders, he invaded Saxony and was completely defeated at Breitenfeld (Sept. 17, 1631), thus opening up southern Germany to the Swedes. Gustavus II Adolphus marched into the heart of Germany, and Tilly, in an effort to prevent the Swedes from crossing the Lech River into Bavaria at Rain, was fatally wounded.

Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Battle of Breitenfeld was the first major Protestant victory in the Thirty Years’ War. In late August 1631, the Imperial Commander Johann Tserclaes, Graf von Tilly invaded Saxony in hopes of forcing the ruler of the Electorate of Saxony, John to abandon George I an alliance he planned to conclude with Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden. Gustavus II Adolphus responded by uniting his army with the elector’s forces, hoping to fight Tilly and force him to leave Saxony. Tilly arrayed his forces north of Leipzig at Breitenfeld and prepared to meet Gustavus II Adolphus.

Tactics The real difference between the two armies were in their use of tactics. The Imperial forces arranged their army in squares, called tercios (Spanish). This was the traditional formation for the period, with each square having a fifty man front and a depth of thirty men. The centre comprised pikemen with supporting units of arquebusiers on each flank. The Imperial army was comprised of seventeen such formations, arranged in three large blocks with the centre block placed slightly ahead of the other two. The cavalry was drawn up on each flank, Pappenheim commanding the left and Fürstenburg the right. The left flank was close by Breitenfeld; the right, by Seehausen. Tilly had no reserves except for some cavalry placed behind his infantry. Gustavus II Adolphus, however, arranged his forces in two long lines. Each line was five men deep for pikemen, and six men deep for musketeers. The use of linear tactics enabled Gustavus to create a front

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that matched Tilly’s, while still giving him troops to keep in reserve. Gustavus mixed his artillery, and some cavalry, into the main formation. The Elector of Saxony arranged his forces in the traditional formation, and all commanders placed most of their cavalry on their flanks. Since the Swedish and Saxon forces deployed separately, this placed cavalry in their centre as well as on their flanks.

Battle The battle began around noon with a two hour exchange of artillery fire. This exchange was ended when Count Pappenheim led a charge of the cavalry on Tilly’s left. These cuirassiers advanced seven times, but each time was turned back by the Swedes. The Swedes used the tactic of mixing men armed with muskets with their cavalry, who were able to defeat the light cavalry pistol tactics used by the Imperial forces. Swedish reserve cavalry was also able to extend the Swedish line and counter charge with sabres against the Imperial cavalry. Following the defeat of his seventh assault, Pappenheim and his cavalry quit the field. Pappenheim’s heavy cavalry, called the Black Cuirassiers, retreated to Halle. During this time, Tilly’s infantry remained stationary, but the cavalry on his right charged the Saxon cavalry and routed it towards Eilenburg. Seeing an opportunity, Tilly sent the majority of his infantry against the remaining Saxon forces and they fled the field, stopping only briefly to loot the Swedish camp. Tilly thus defeated forty percent of his enemy and was poised to deliver a devastating flank attack on the remaining Protestants. As Tilly was ordering his infantry to roll up the Swedish line, however, Gustavus II Adolphus was able to reorder his second line into an array at a right angle to the front. This deprived Tilly of the opportunity for an attack on the Protestant flank. Following this, a charge by the Swedish cavalry was able to drive off the rest of the Imperial cavalry. With this help, the Protestant infantry was able to gain the upper hand. Soon under fire from both the excellent Swedish guns and captured Imperial guns, the Imperial infantry was forced to retire from the field.

Aftermath The Battle of Breitenfeld served as major endorsement of the linear tactics of Gustavus II Adolphus. He was able to inflict more than 60%

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casualties on his opponent, and made up his own losses in recruited prisoners. It also had the political effect of convincing Protestant states to join his cause.

All European armies took note and started to shed their expensive and now useless heavy armoured cavalry. With that single devastating victory the Protestant Princes flocked in their hundreds to join the young Swedish Lion. Many were simply jumping on the bandwagon more interested in booty than a good cause. German aristocratic peacocks finely bedecked in plumes and gold braid made poor soldiers of little worth in a hard fight. But there also came thousands of tried and tested veterans, especially the harquebusiers dressed like Baillie in a buff coat with a sturdy open faced pot helmet and a back and breastplate. The breastplate hardened and thick enough to be musket proof as demonstrated by the ubiquitous musket ball dent that acted as a proof mark, made for effective bodily security. Long leather riding boots protected the rider from all but the severest of attacks from the ground. The apogee of this newer more agile light cavalryman would be reached with the formation of Oliver Cromwell’s legendary Ironsides, the tri-bar nasal pot being their particular trademark. They would sweep all before them on the battlefields of the English Civil War in just a few short years. Under Cromwell’s direction those terrible men on horses would change the course of British and world history forever and ironically William Baillie would find himself as one of them. For now Baillie exalted in it! He loved his sturdy Dutch single nasal bar pot helmet and armour, with it he felt secure and invincible. It was this feeling that prompted me to manifest these objects from scratch so as to repossess my physical possessions from long ago. Synchronous with age I manufactured not one, but two suits of armour and uniforms. Not being happy with the first built in 1975 I swapped the outfit for a medieval sword (archer memory!) and then built a second more accurate set of Ironside armour in 1984. Accuracy is everything with the subconscious nothing short of perfect will do. I have noticed now that I have in the past sold traded or swapped any memory artefact that is not up to scratch. It has to be accurate nothing else will do. I have noticed this with other re-enactors, obsession with detail is everything regardless of expense. In fact money is no absolutely object. The winter of 1631/32 was a good one, spent as it was in the rich central and now liberated lands of Germany. A conference was held at

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Frankfurt am Main to establish a constitution and the Rhine wine flowed! Plans were made for the following spring, Gustavus and the Protestant Princes would take the fight into southern Germany and especially the Catholic heartland around Munich. In the spring of 1632 the armies of the Protestant alliance led by the Lion of the North - Gustavus himself, powered south. In March a triumphal entrance into Nuremberg was made. Gustavus with his cavalry and a large blood red flag embroidered with a white skull and cross bones led the triumphal entry into the city, causing quite a remarkable stir among the citizenry. Such that it was commemorated in a famous print of the time. The city had thrown open its gates and he was greeted in time honoured fashion more as a liberator and hero than as an enemy. My distinctive memory is of being invincible! The Crossing of the Lech just outside the city of Rain near Munich in April was most memorable. Gustavus managed to completely defeat the Catholic army by use of superior cannon and field artillery, so much so that when the cavalry charged across the river the Catholics ran like startled rabbits - it was a glorious victory for few casualties. Chief among the enemy casualties was Graf von Tilly who received a mortal wound, for us this was the icing on the cake - the Butcher of Magdeburg had got his come upance! But fortune would soon swing the other way as the Catholic League, not so easily beaten, drew its many armies together under its strongest veteran imperialist commander Wallenstein. For the Habsburgs would not tolerate the Protestant heretics at their very gates. Munich is but a stones throw from Imperial Austria and the city of Innsbruck where Maximillian I had created the seeds of the Empire just 130 years previously. It was the enormous wealth of the silver mines that had funded his successful rise to power. He became known as the der Weiss Kunig, the White King and his vast Landsknecht armies had subdued Italy and conquered Holland/Germany in the early 1500s. He had in short become a one-man super power in his own lifetime.

Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein, 1583–1634, imperial general in the Thirty Years War, born Bohemia. He attended the Lutheran academy at Altdorf, but at the age of 20 converted to Roman Catholicism. He advanced his fortune by marriage to a wealthy widow, and for his support of Archduke Ferdinand of Styria (Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II) before, during, and after the Bohemian revolt that started the Thirty Years War, he was well rewarded, becoming prince and then (1625) duke of

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Friedland. He built up a magnificent estate in Bohemia, expanding his fortune at the expense of the Bohemian Protestants, whose lands he confiscated with Ferdinand’s authorization. In 1625, Wallenstein raised a large army for Ferdinand II and became chief imperial general, co-operating with the general of the Catholic League, Count Tilly, in the Danish phase of the war. Wallenstein in 1626 defeated Ernst von Mansfeld at the Dessau bridgehead, and some of his men helped Tilly to defeat the Danish king Christian IV at Lutter. The next year Wallenstein destroyed the remnants of Mansfeld’s army and later defeated Christian IV’s forces. Now at the height of his wealth and power, Wallenstein, having driven the dukes of Mecklenburg from their lands, was granted that duchy as a hereditary fief from the Holy Roman emperor. He was also given the title of admiral, but his hopes of founding a maritime empire were set back by the failure of the siege of Stralsund (1628) on the Baltic. Wallenstein had powerful enemies, particularly among the German princes, from whom he had extorted money for the support of the army. Finally, in 1630, they prevailed on Ferdinand to dismiss him. The failure of his successor, Tilly, against King Gustavus II of Sweden brought Wallenstein back to power (1632). With a huge army he cleared Bohemia and began a contest with the Swedish king that ended at Lützen (1632), where Wallenstein was defeated and the Swedish king was killed. Embittered by his earlier dismissal, Wallenstein was then determined to become more powerful than ever, controlling not only military decisions, but imperial policy also. His secret negotiations with the enemy brought down on his head accusations of treason. A number of his generals, including Matthias Gallas and Ottavio Piccolomini, were drawn into a conspiracy against him. Ferdinand secretly removed Wallenstein from command on Jan. 24, 1634. Wallenstein renewed his attempts to negotiate with the Swedes and with a few hundred troops fled to Eger (Cheb), where he was treacher- ously murdered (Feb., 1634). His assassin later had the emperor’s favour. Wallenstein is the central figure in a dramatic trilogy by Schiller.

The Habsburg alliance with the Spanish was a masterstroke creating the twin Pillars of Hercules motif echoed in and beloved of Masonry in more modern times with the inscription Plus Ultra in Latin or Noch Weiter in German, meaning ever wider. Thus the Imperial Eagles fluttered on flags proclaiming their intention to swallow up the known world, exactly as the Romans had done some 1500 years earlier, and Baillie was having none of that! The evil empire, the eternal many-headed serpent of subjugation

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that arises through the vain ambition of a few elite souls, may change its shade as a chimera or chameleon throughout history, but it must always be resisted by those that know and recognise its form. Always there the omnipresent septic legacy of Rome made perversely legitimate by Papal blessing. One can cut off the limbs, but they always grow back the same or worse even today. And so the Habsburg Empire lasted right up until the end of World War I in 1918. The present resting-place of the Imperial Eagle is in Washington with the Imperial Legions trying to control the Middle East and its dwindling oil reserves. As a true spiritual American at heart I find that appalling. E pluribus unum - from many one - the fascist clarion call of Rome echoes on the Great Seal of the United States, the Imperial octopus has manifest itself again. As a Confederate “I” fought against the excesses of Washington and the Yankee subjugation of the South. States Rights was our watchword, but slavery was the issue that turned the war between the states into a holy crusade for the North and thus the liberty of all was lost. Its citizens reduced to documented and controlled cattle with the masterstroke that they don’t even know that they are enslaved! As a former slave of Rome that rose to be a general over several lifetimes (the exact opposite of Russell Crowe in Gladiator!) I find it ironic that “I” fought for the Confederacy and owned a family plantation with 80 slaves! The cosmic irony of it all, Baillie could no more chastise a slave than breathe in outer space. The universe is indeed a master at teaching us all lessons and the pathetic political games that humans play are but shadows and dust to quote Oliver Reed in Gladiator. We come therefore to the final curtain in the drama of William Baillie’s adventures in the Swedish phase of the Thirty Years War in Germany - the very reason I drive a SAAB car and had a thing about ABBA! One misty damp November day the armies clashed at Lützen 1632 in south central Germany. For the Swedes it would be a pyrrhic victory and their worst nightmare come true. The death of their and my beloved monarch leading from the front as he always did, cut down by those very Imperial cuirassiers that he feared, profoundly stunned us all.

At Lützen too, the fear of the cuirassiers was foremost in Gustavus’ thoughts when he ordered General Stålhandske, the Colonel of his fierce Finnish cavalry, to “charge me those blacke fellowes soundly: for they are the men that will undo us…” Swedish Intelligencer 3, p133.

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Battle of Lützen (1632) The Battle of Lützen was one of the most decisive battles of the Thirty Years’ War.

On November 14th (in the Gregorian calendar) Wallenstein decided to split his forces and retreat his main headquarters back towards Leipzig. He expected no further move that year from the Protestant army, led by the Swedish king Gustavus II Adolphus, since unseasonably cold winter weather was making it difficult to camp in the open countryside. Gustavus II Adolphus, however, planned otherwise. On the early morning of November 15 his army marched out of camp towards Wallenstein’s last-known position and attempted to catch him by surprise. Unfortunately, when night fell the two armies were still separated by about 2-3 kilometres (1-2 miles). Wallenstein had learned of the Swedish approach on the afternoon of November 15. Seeing the danger, he dispatched a note to General Pappenheim ordering him to return as quickly as possible with his army corps. Pappenheim received the note after midnight, and immediately set off to rejoin Wallenstein with most of his troops. During the night Wallenstein, conscious that he was badly outnumbered, deployed his army in a defensive position along the main Lützen-Leipzig road which he reinforced with trenches. He anchored his right flank on a low hill, on which he placed his main artillery battery. Morning mist delayed the Swedish army’s advance, but by 9 am the rival armies were in sight of each other. Because of the complex network of waterways it took until 11am before the Protestant force was deployed and ready to launch its attack. Initially the battle went well for the Protestants, who managed to surround Wallenstein’s weak left wing. Just as disaster seemed imminent, Pappenheim arrived with 2,000-3,000 cavalry and drove the Swedes back. This made Wallenstein exclaim, “Thus I know my Pappenheim!” But during the charge Pappenheim was fatally wounded by a small- calibre Swedish cannonball. He died while being evacuated from the field in a coach. Soon after midday Gustavus II Adolphus was himself killed leading a cavalry charge. However, in the thick mix of gun smoke and fog covering the field his fate remained unknown for some time. The infantry of his army continued to follow orders and attempted to assault the strongly entrenched Imperial centre, but were decimated by artillery

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and infantry fire and then cavalry charges. A panic began among the Protestant ranks, made worse as rumours spread of the king’s death. Soon the Swedish army was in chaotic retreat. Thanks, however, to the cool-head of the Swedish third-in-command Dodo von Knijphausen, the Protestant forces were rallied. By about 3 pm the Protestant second- in-command Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, having learned of the king’s death, returned from the left wing and now assumed command over the entire army. It seems that contrary to popular myth he kept the secret of the king’s death from the army as a whole, but vowed to personally avenge the king by winning the battle. The final Swedish assault took place towards 4 pm. It was a grim fight, with terrible casualties on both sides. Finally with dusk falling the Swedes captured the main Imperial artillery battery. The Imperial forces retired back out of its range, leaving the field to the Swedes. At about 6 pm Pappenheim’s infantry, about 3,000-4,000 strong, arrived on the battlefield. Although night had fallen they wished to carry out a counter-attack on the Swedes. Wallenstein, however, believed the situation hopeless and instead ordered his army to withdraw to Leipzig under cover of the fresh infantry. Strategically speaking the battle of Lützen was a Protestant victory. Wallenstein was forced out of Saxony where he had hoped to winter his troops at Saxon expense, and retreated to Bohemia. However, contrary to myth, the Swedes lost far more troops winning the battle than did the Imperial army. Having been forced to assault an entrenched position they lost about 6,000 men including badly wounded and deserters. The Imperial army lost perhaps 3,000-3,500 men.

Aftermath The Protestant army achieved its main goal of the campaign - to rescue Saxony from the Imperial onslaught. A more long-lasting consequence of the battle was the death of the legendary Swedish king Gustavus II Adolphus. Without him to unify the German Protestants, their war effort lost direction. The Catholic Habsburgs had time to recoup their losses and regain their balance, and the war rumbled on for another 16 years until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

Date At this time the Catholic Holy Roman Empire used the Gregorian calendar, but Protestant Sweden still used the Julian calendar. Hence the

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Battle of Lützen occurred on November 16 for the Catholics, but on November 6 for the Swedes. A pyrrhic victory indeed and despite winning the Swedes were too stunned to follow up their Imperial foe and deliver the knockout punch. For Baillie the heart had gone out of the fight. He shared the sorrow of the Swedes for their fallen hero king and as with the Vikings of old he was equally sad that he had not fallen beside his king. Sombre in mood, a black shroud surrounded the funeral procession famously recorded. Politics soon kicked back in as General Tott’s regiment changed hands and a new commander Carl Joachim Karberg was appointed Colonel. The exact reverse that would occur in the next two physical lifetimes as Colonel Robert Anderson was promoted to Brigadier General (1864) and Colonel Douglas Withers was promoted to Brigadier General (1986) an example of experiencing the same pattern of events emotionally at the same synchronous physical age. Baillie was also missing his beautiful blonde wife Annie and baby son back home in Amsterdam, which seemed worlds away. He was especially desperate to see how his baby son Jamie had grown over the past two years. With the fire gone out he turned towards home and followed the course of the Rhine as it flows unhindered to the sea and the waiting arms of Annie. With money enough he had a comfortable passage, stopping off frequently along the beautiful Rhine valley between Frankfurt-am-Main and Köln. The castles and the wine stayed forever burnt into his memory only to resurface with me in the 1970s. By Christmas 1632 Baillie had returned to his little family in Vlissingen and the safety of what he regarded as his hometown.

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Chapter Four

The Portrait

Life was good again and in 1633 his Anneke gave birth to their second son William. Baillie and his family had left Vlissingen and moved to Amsterdam, where he joined the St Joris Doelen (St George’s Shooting guild/club). In the club house he would swap stories with some of his old friends who were fellow members and many a new Dutch friend. There was still much work to be done defending and consolidating the Dutch Republic, but life felt good. The country was stable and the many sieges provided a steady income. It is most interesting that my first contact with Holland was through a Dutch friend from Middleburg near Vlissingen, we met whilst I was camping in Spain in 1973 and it was this meeting that triggered my wanting to learn Dutch. That and a certain Dutch fellow, who challenged me by saying, “Nobody ever learns Dutch it is far too complicated!” The upshot was that I began to learn Dutch earnestly, but it was the meeting of my Dutch family that adopted me as their own - Familie Endstra - that accelerated the process beyond the norm. Coincidentally they lived in Ons Doelstraat! The coincidence of this happening is so far removed from random chance as to suggest intelligent design. The one word associated continually with William Baillie was Doelen, along perhaps with Sint Joris (Saint George), which haunts me as the words BAD WOLF did across time in Dr Who. Doelstraat - Doelen a totally bizarre yet synchronous flag or signpost left for me in the atomic matrix that is our reality. The coincidences didn’t stop there we would frequently travel to the Rhine, Köblenz and Cochem on the Mosel sometimes staying over night as Mijnheer Endstra liked Germany. Papa had fond memories of Germany and of being a post boy in Regensburg during the war, as the Dutch were forced to work for the Germans to free up manpower. He spoke good German

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and remembered attending the opera there, also at Nuremburg, once the scene of William Baillie’s adventures under the black flag! The Sint Joris Doelen was a voetboog company and shot the English long bow, on a recent trip I photographed the garden portico, which is still there to be seen although the building was redeveloped in the 18th century. Much drinking, feasting and merry making took place there, it was truly a golden age for William Baillie, just as the Dutch Republic was entering its Gouden eeuw (Golden century). The Cloveniers Doelen (Musketiers guild) - made famous by Rembrandt’s Nacht wacht (Night Watch) was adjacent after the Handboog doelen (Crossbow guild/club). The Cloveniers Doelen was relocated to a new more prestigious building just after this period and is now the site of Het Doelen Hotel on the Singel gracht. This shooting club shot the latest and most expensive firearms and was composed of Dutch nationals only. The idea of the fraternal clubs or guilds was to furnish a trained backbone of militiamen in times of trouble and need. The Singel gracht (moat) was the original defensive water work for the city. The men regularly practised their skill at arms and were ever ready to turn out in defence of their city - they were literally a citizen army. The buildings were fine public spaces that proud citizens could visit. To enhance their status and proclaim their belonging to the average city dweller, several group portraits were commissioned. To be hung impressively as they still are on display to the public. The multitudes would come to marvel at the photographic quality of the images in their likeness to the living members. The Dutch masters of the period vied with each other to develop and refine the techniques of their craft. Capturing the subtle qualities of light and shade onto mere base canvass. Rembrandt van Rijn was a master of capturing light and shade, but Bartholomeus van Helst was the master of the detailed photographic technique. In fact he out shone all the others, he was not cheap monetarily, as his painstaking approach demanded much skill, time and effort in executing a commission. And so it was that some 24 odd members clubbed together to commission a group portrait to immortalise their memories of that very special time and place. William Baillie was no exception to the rule and chipped in some 200 Gulden (Guilders) to have himself painted. This was half a year’s salary for a trained skilled worker, yet he must have had the money to be included. An ostentatious full-length portrait, yet not centre stage as he was a foreigner! But to the extreme right, proclaiming his

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somewhat over the top Dutch patriotism with resplendent orange sash and orange and white ostrich feather plumes in his hat. When working in Holland in the 1970s I used to dress more Dutch than the Dutch! Often wearing an orange Dutch football shirt and clogs (klompen) in the same fashion synchronous with physical age. I also sported a white t shirt with the blue letters MOBIELE EENHEID (Mobile Unit) on - this was taken from the name used by the Dutch riot police at the time in their war with the Amsterdamse krakers (squatters) of 1980. It is interesting that I should so identify with the forces of Dutch law and order much as William Baillie did. I also sported a sun visor on my car with the same words, which used to cause many a stir as we entered campsites in France and Italy. Provoking such a reaction meant that I could instantly identify the Dutch people on the site and it was a great conversation starter! But instead of a Dutch wife I had my little José to impress. Johanna Josepha Francesca Maria Endstra was the youngest daughter of Mijnheer and Mevrouw Endstra de Jong, of the Dutch family that had so generously taken me to their hearts after a random or perhaps not so random meeting on an English train. Coincidentally William Baillie had even been billeted in Vught just a short few kilometres to the North of Boxtel during the Siege of s’Hertogenbosch 1629! A coincidence beyond coincidence as the pattern was repeated. In 1944 the Scottish Highland Division liberated Boxtel from Nazi German oppression, as history was repeated of sorts and in October 2004 on the 60th anniversary I had the privilege to be there in my kilt to commemorate the event with veterans of that action. It was that very act of liberation by the Tommies as Mama would call them that cemented our relationship with me being her Engelse zoon (English son). In hindsight perhaps it should have been Schotse zoon (Scottish son), but thoughts of national pride were but a dim memory in the mid 70s before devolution and the rediscovery of national ethnic identity. I placed a Scottish St Andrew’s flag on the grave of the unknown Highland soldier that lay along side four Lancaster crew shot down at around the same time. The emotional memory of that event and of the Scottish soldiers that helped Holland gain its independence 400 years ago made the linking across time all the more poignant. In October 2005 I returned and the flag although much faded was still there. In 2004 on the same visit I was to learn to my great joy that José had had a family, a boy and two girls, Dick, Bonnie and Maggie, Mijnheer Endstra shuffled across

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the room towards me and took two photographs from the coffee table draw. He was so proud as I asked him who they were and I was equally stunned by the reply. I also immediately noticed the Scottish names that were chosen. That year I spoke to José on Christmas day and learnt that she had only got pregnant after many years when visiting Scotland! The coincidence was awesome and so was the chance of us speaking together after a lapse of 22 years! But the universe had conspired to make it happen exactly on cue. Back to the portrait - underneath the overt display of Orange patriotism he wears a simple, but well made Hodden Grey cloth suit as worn by countless generations of Scottish soldiers. His buff coat the mark of a soldier of means and the halberd/spontoon a mark of his Officers’ rank as a Colonel of Dutch Infantry. Leather gloves, which are essential with pole weapons, complete the ensemble. Fine embroidered hose and stout leather shoes show off his strong calf muscles to vainglorious effect. I continuously wore successive pairs of stout Cheney all leather Veldschonen with heavy leather soles of a similar sturdy construction. They were expensive at around £100 a pair in the mid 80’s and I always made sure I had two pairs at any one time - still have the last two pairs. The newer for best and the older ones for second best. I wore them throughout my three years in Germany with the military and they even caused the blonde haired debonair professional tutor Colin Daines to comment one night in the Officers’ Mess “Good shoes!” Colin liked quality and recognised them immediately as such. Eventually as prices went up and the quality of the leather down I stopped buying them, about 8 years ago, yet I still retain the last two pairs in the garage as the heel on view is a memory of those worn by William Baillie in the portrait. I love the look and feel of the heavy leather construction, the stitching and the colour, all a constant reminder for my subconscious as I walk past every day. As then, I should have polished them more! My wife regularly reminds me of such, exactly as William Baillie’s wife Annie did then! Some things never change. The only other concession to vanity is the trimmed facial hair moderated by the no doubt by attentions of a loving wife. The gilt buttons raised like crimped pies probably prompted me to chose spherical wooden buttons for my first uniform reconstruction back in 1975. I can remember spending ages in the shop as a bemused woman looked one at the 21 year-old young man choosing material for sowing! It just wasn’t done then.

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Now we come to the centrepiece of the portrait the magnificent silver beaker drinking horn depicting Saint George slaying the dragon, an artefact still in existence in Holland. The picture was painted I believe to commemorate the event of the presentation of the silver drinking horn to Kapitein Cornelis Witsen and he can be seen being congratu- lated by Luitenant Johan Oetgens van Waveren. The rich dress of the wealthy Amsterdamers contrasts well with the functional uniforms of the Scots mercenaries all wearing buff coats and Hodden Grey. The club was open to buitenlanders (foreigners) unlike the other guilds and the link with the voetboog (English Long bow), St George and the Hundred Years War well established and commemorated. The image of St George the very same as on my school uniform coat pocket and on the sweatshirt that I gave to José from my first teaching post at my old school. This was a strange coincidence and an example of the subconscious memory in action. Baillie giving his Dutch “wife” a token of the doelen he remembered. My mother had given me a half gold sovereign ring with St George on for my 18th birthday, interestingly the date on it was 1913 the year after Alexander Baillie Kell passed away. His funeral service was at St George’s Episcopal Church Griffin, Georgia and he had been born a Georgian. My school magazine had been called the Georgian! I had attended St George’s Church of England School for Boys’ (1965 - 1971) in Ramsgate before moving to Chatham House Grammar School of Boys’ (1971 - 1973). I was always proud of the blazer badge and its associations with the patron Saint of England and the English flag, which I made and carried way before devolution made it common place. I have never flown the Union flag, commonly called the Union jack by mistake and associated with Great Britain, for me it is an Imperial flag of Empire and subservience and not to be tolerated! English flag yes, Scottish flag yes, but never the Union flag, that is how deep subconscious memory runs. William Baillie the general fought under the Scottish saltier of St Andrew and Thomas Bailey the archer before him drew his long bow under the blood red cross of Christ and St George thus ensuring that I have loyalty to both flags buried deep in my memory. I also relate to the legend of St George that tells of him being a Christian blacksmith for the Roman legions in Britain and that he refused to repair the dragon banner that they carried due to its pagan associations. For this he was crucified a common fate for miscreants in Roman times. As all such objects were decreed sacred and essential for discipline in the Roman army. The dragon banner like all memories

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surfaces throughout history, King Harold at Hastings (1066) fought under the dragon banner of Wessex as did the Black Prince at Poitier 1356 three hundred years later. Therefore I liked St George as he was anti Roman, which accords well with my subconscious memory of those times. Other details include the near translucent white shirt collar in astonishing detail and the cyst to the right nasal side of his left eye. I was born with one adjacent to my left ear. As a boy I loathed it often growing my sideburns to cover it. Then it became part of me and a mark of who and what I am. For I noticed over the years that these cysts are a common blemish to all Scottish and Celtic peoples and as such they are to be regarded as an honourable badge of belonging to the tribal group. Pale white skin, freckles, copper coloured/red hair and jet-black hair are all other ethnic traits of belonging. Now with the William Baillie portrait I am glad that I kept it! I was right to remain loyal to myself and what I was born with. We must own our own negativity, it is part of us and without it we are not whole. The brass buttons of the buff coat are also a further piece of wonderful detail, their construction can be discerned quite clearly from the accuracy of the painting. This tally’s well with my use of spherical wooden buttons on the first subconscious uniform reconstruction - I was unable to acquire brass buttons of that shape and size at the time. The detail of the embroidery on the hose, in precise and immaculate detail, is also to be much admired and one can almost feel the quality of the stockings. The photographic detail is astonishing and a true hallmark of van der Helst’s brilliant work, proclaiming him as supreme master of this genre. In the year 1634 a daughter was born and named after the Baillie maternal grandmother progenitor, Marion. It is family lore that Marion Braidfoot the illegitimate daughter of Sir William Wallace, freedom fighter and guardian of Scotland married Sir William Baillie of Hoprig. Marion Baillie, daughter of Lt General William Baillie of Letham would grow up to be a bonnie lass and marry a Robertson from Inverness in the due course of time.

Baillie Family Lore Sir William Wallace of Elderslie, onetime Guardian of Scotland, is believed to have had a daughter, said to have married Sir William Baillie of Hoprig.

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We know of no probatory evidence to support this, but the oral testimony appears to have been well established from very early times.

Sir John Baillie of Hoprig in East Lothian signed an agreement at Berwick in 1292 with a seal bearing six mullets. Either his heir or the subsequent heir would have been the William whose name is forever famously linked to Wallace, and is claimed as the ancestor of the several different Baillie lines ~ Lamington, Dunain, Innisbargie, Dochfour, Parbroth, Carphin, et al.

David II granted a charter of Lamington to Sir William Baillie of Hoprig in 1368. Forman’s Roll records the early use of eight mullets on sable for the Lamington family. His grandson, Sir William Baillie of Lamington, married Marian, dtr of Sir John Seton of that Ilk, and from that union sprang the lines of Dunain and Innisbargie, and subsequently of Dochfour.

A long line of Sir William’s followed, as did a succession of Marion’s all bearing the family name into history. My own great grandfather was a William Baillie a name synonymous at that time with the well known music hall song “Won’t you come home Bill Baillie” and could have indeed been written about him! The portrait was painted initially around 1637, which fits the age and similarity of features of myself as shown on the cover of this book. The painting entire is often attributed to coincide with the Peace of Münster 1648, celebrating the co-terminus end of both the Thirty Years and Eighty Years War. This is entirely due to the note by Jos Vos pinned on to the drum in the picture celebrating the cessation of hostilities. I believe that this was added later, after 1648, as William Baillie was to return to Scotland in 1638. It is also entirely possible that he returned in 1648 after surrendering to Oliver Cromwell and was added to the painting after the main figures. I have examined the paint work close up and it can be clearly seen that his grey breeches are over painted on top of the figure adjacent. We know that the Officers and guardsmen of the Amsterdam musketeers’ company of Captain Roelof Bicker was painted in 1639 so we can safely assume that 1637 or 38 is a good date for the commencement of the painting. We know that Rembrandt took approximately three years to complete the Nacht wacht, so a long gestation period for the painting is not out of the ordinary. Certainly a painting of the detail produced by van der Helst may have taken several years to complete. The Dutch masters were holistic artisans - complete craftsmen and masters of their trade. Mixing their own

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paints, preparing their own canvasses. Often apprentices would be employed to do base work allowing the master to finish the product. This was a whole boom industry fuel by the increasingly rich burghers of Amsterdam. As the years ticked by the Baillie’s now with three young children began to deplete the store of wealth accrued, the reserves of silver coinage dwindled yet William never stopped working. Living in a city is never a cheap experience and considerable resources are needed. Frederick Hendrik was still campaigning and there was work aplenty. He had to expand the Republic in order to enhance his power and prestige. He also needed to advance the fortunes of the House of Orange, which would eventually lead to his intrigues with Charles I and the Royalists of England in the coming Civil War that was now brewing across the North Sea. Prestigious paintings of his victories were commissioned to chart his progress and they leave us today with a handsome record of the many sieges and battles he attended. The reader can be assured that where Frederik Hendrik went so William Baillie followed. The resounding victories Stadthouder Frederik Hendrik, commander of the army of the States General, achieved in the second half of the seventeenth century provided artists with ample material with which to immortalise him in oils. Frederik Hendrik’s chief successes - the siege of Bois-le-Duc (‘s-Hertogenbosch or Den Bosch)(1629), the conquering of Maastricht (1632), the capture of Breda (1637) and the siege of Hulst (1645) were recorded several times and in different ways by a variety of painters. An overview of the artists who painted such rep- resentations is presented here in this background information section. The emphasis will be on their manner of visualisation, their choice of subject matter, and, where applicable, their patrons. Before turning attention to the paintings of feats of arms following the end of the Twelve Years Truce (1609-21), however, it is necessary to give a short overview of representations of the first phase of the Eighty Years War.

Paintings from the first phase of the Eighty Years War The 1570s were critical years for the success of the Revolt against Spanish rule in the Netherlands. Towns like Malines (Mechelen), Zutphen and Naarden were plundered, Haarlem was forced to surrender after a siege lasting months, and Alkmaar and Leiden were only just able to withstand the might of the Spanish armies. But it was not until the

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end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century - that is, some twenty to thirty years later - that people began to feel a need to record for posterity the trials and tribulations that they had gone through. The paintings of these events then, may be regarded, as both a contemplation of the past and an attempt to preserve a record of important moments in history for future generations. Very likely many of these works would have been painted to commissions from city authorities or local institutions. In the case of the three panels of the siege of Alkmaar there is no doubt whatever that they were commissioned by the town’s two companies of militia. The pictures of the several sieges of Venlo that Frans Everts (active in the first quarter of the seventeenth century) painted in about 1613 for the town hall, were also executed on commission. Even where no sources are available in the archives, the pronounced documentary character of these early paintings makes it very probable that they were intended for display in some public place. In the first defensive phase of the Dutch Revolt the initiative in the struggle lay with the Spanish. The murder of William of Orange in 1584 and the succession of his seventeen-year-old son Maurice of Nassau to the Stadthouderschap ushered in a new phase in which the Northern Netherlands managed to retake many towns from the Spanish armies. It is remarkable that, with the exception of the battle of Nieuwpoort (1600), no painting of any of Maurice’s victories is known. The Prince’s conquests are commemorated on paper and in metal in the form of prints and medallions, but not a single painter seems to have tackled the subject. A satisfactory explanation for this has yet to be proposed. By contrast, during the same period painters in the Southern Netherlands were recording the scarce Spanish victories. In the Escorial near Madrid there are paintings hanging in the Galería de Paseo depicting the military triumphs of Philip II in the Netherlands. These paintings were executed at the beginning of the seventeenth century by an anonymous South Netherlands artist and little is known about how they came to be painted. They do, however, provide evidence that such representations of contemporary military events were already being made in the Southern Netherlands by about 1600.

THE 1630s It was not until the second quarter of the seventeenth century that successes in the Northern Netherlands came to be illustrated in

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paintings. The first siege by States General forces to be painted after the end of the Twelve Years Truce was that of Groenlo (Grol) in 1627, which was painted in 1630 by Daniel Cletcher (? - 1632), a painter and engineer living in The Hague. A pendant to this work shows a comparable scene of the siege of S’Hertogenbosch in 1629. With these two works - the only two sieges he ever painted - Cletcher was distancing himself from earlier siege scenes. Whereas the artists who were depicting feats of arms in about 1600, whether they were from the North or the South, always focused attention on the town under siege, in Cletcher’s landscape the position of the town has lost much of its importance. Seventeenth-century Northern Netherlandish painters of sieges went for a lower viewpoint which would fall further and further as the century progressed. This meant that attention came to be focused more on the figures in the foreground and what was going on in the middle plane - in Cletcher’s case, the march towards the fortifications. In the Southern Netherlands, where Pieter Snayers (1592 - 1667) painted numerous sieges, the high horizon was retained. The declining angle from which the scene was viewed can also be seen in the work of Pauwels van Hillegaert (1595/6 - 1640). The canvas Prince Frederik Hendrik at the Siege of S’Hertogenbosch, 1629, which was painted in 1631, is a case in point. The small figures are placed on an imaginary hill, which allows the painter to show the landscape behind the town and the earthworks that Frederik Hendrik had caused to be built. Van Hillegaert appears to have been inspired by the work of Sebastiaen Vrancx (1573 - 1647), who likewise, in his few known rep- resentations of sieges, placed the besiegers’ camp at the centre of attention. Pauwels van Hillegaert was the most important painter of feats of arms of the Eighty Years War. Often he combined his scenes with a portrait of the Stadtholder on horseback, producing in effect small portraits of Frederik Hendrik with the siege of a town in the background. He would place the portrait of the prince in the filling, dropping the horizon to a quarter of the overall picture so that the portrait of the prince on horseback is sharply contrasted against the sky. These pictures were printed first and foremost as portraits of the prince in his role of military commander, the background being of secondary importance and serving merely as a backdrop. In the case of Frederik Hendrik van Hillegaert tended to take the siege of Maastricht as his background, and not, surprisingly enough, that of S’Hertogenbosch.

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Besides Frederik Hendrik, portraits of this kind also exist of Prince Maurits and King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden. In terms of composition these small equestrian portraits can be divided into two groups. In most cases van Hillegaert painted the general from the side, seated on a prancing horse. The subject regards the spectator with a sideways glance, while the horse turns its head away. In the second type, man and horse are seen from the front, both looking straight at the spectator. Another artist active at the same time as Pauwels van Hillegaert was Hendrik Ambrosius Pacx (1602/3 - after 1658). Pacx too painted equestrian portraits of Frederik Hendrik with the siege of either S’Hertogenbosch or Maastricht in the background. By comparison with those of van Hillegaert, his equestrian portraits are broader in conception, and in all of them the Prince is accompanied by an armiger carrying his helmet. Both artists painted works featuring members of the Stadthouder’s family and in stylistic terms they are closely similar. In a number of cases van Hillegaert and Pacx even painted exactly the same scene. Yet although these two painters often come very close to each other in stylistic terms, when it comes to technique Pacx seems to be the superior artist. Certainly his figures are brighter and sharper. However, in the absence of any research into the life and work of the two men it is difficult to determine how far the relationship between them influenced their work. However, that they were acquainted within each other’s paintings is an established fact.

THE 1640s Most of the paintings of the military successes achieved by the States’ army under Frederick Hendrik date from the 1630s. The death of Pauwels van Hillegaert in 1640 caused a break in the tradition of siege scenes. However, we know of two painters who over the next decade recorded the victories of Frederick Henrik and his armies in oils: in the 1640s Gerrit van Santen (active between 1629 and 1650) and Jan Breecker (active between 1632 and 1646) executed a number of paintings for the castle at Buren. Of these, only The Siege of Schenckenschans, 1636 by Gerrit van Santen has survived. The painting shows the retaking of Schenkenschans by the army of the States General in April 1636, following its unexpected capture by Spanish troops a year earlier.

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Our knowledge of the activities of Jan Breecker comes from the inventories of Buren Castle, for which he supplied six works in 1644 and 1646. Only one work by him, an equestrian portrait of Frederik Hendrik dated 1632, has been preserved.

Monumental Portrait Series The small equestrian portraits painted by Pauwels van Hillegaert herald the coming of the series of monumental equestrian portraits that were executed between about 1635 and 1650, of which four are still known. In the early years of the seventeenth century many Dutch regents were keen to decorate their town halls with portraits of the Stadthouder and his family. Chief among the suppliers of these portraits was the Delft artist Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt (1567 - 1641). In the second quarter of the century town councils in the Republic were still ordering portraits of the members of the House of Orange. Now, however, the preferred style was not to show the princes standing, but seated on a horse with some military event taking place in the background. The works in these series of equestrian portraits are conspicuous by their size: they average some 2 metres high and 1.5 metres across. The first of these series was made by Herman Mijnerts Doncker (before 1620 - after 1656). In 1636 he painted two portraits of Maurits and Frederik Hendrik on horseback for the town hall of Edam. In 1643 Isaac Isaacsz (1599 - after 1668) did a similar series of equestrian portraits of the Stadtholder’s family for the town hall at Harderwijk. This time the series included, besides Maurits and Frederick Hendrik, William of Orange. In the background of these portraits we see three different successes achieved by forces of the Republic. In the case of Frederik Hendrik this is the siege of S’Hertogenbosch; in the background of the portrait of Maurits we see a squadron of cavalry moving up, suggesting that this is the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600). A third series of portraits of members of the House of Orange on horseback is the three pictures painted by Jacob Fransz van der Merck (c. 1610 - 1664) of princes Maurice, Frederik Hendrik and William II. The last two of these canvases were dated by the artist: 1643 and 1647 respectively. The series differs from the other three mentioned above in that in each painting there is a putto paying tribute to the prince in question with a laurel crown. Such allegorical additions to equestrian portraits are fairly rare. The last series of equestrian portraits of the House of Orange, again

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probably painted in the 1640s, hangs in the Royal Palace on the Dam in Amsterdam. The paintings are attributed to the Flemish portrait painter Anselmus van Hulle (1601 - after 1674). The Amsterdam series is the largest of its kind: van Hulle painted equestrian portraits of William of Orange, his three sons Maurice, Frederik Hendrik and Philip William, and his grandson William II. Although the Princes of Orange are all portrayed expressly as commanders of the army of the States General, unlike the three series by Doncker, Isaacsz and van der Merck described above, these paintings lack any reference to famous battles or sieges. This again is a sign that they were intended principally as portraits, pure and simple: any military activity in the background was mere decoration. The monumental equestrian portraits of the Prince of Orange are peculiar to the period between about 1635 and 1650. After that, works of this kind ceased to be painted. This has to do only incidentally with the end of hostilities on land with the conclusion of the Treaty of Münster in 1648, since siege scenes continued to be painted in the 1650s. A much more important reason was the First Stadthouderless Period (1650-72). The obstinacy of the young Stadthouder William II, who found it difficult to accept the cessation of hostilities and with them the opportunity to prove himself on the battlefield, ultimately led to an assault on Amsterdam, the city which had thwarted the young prince in his ambitious plans. William’s premature death in 1650 saved the province of Holland from further action by this belligerent Stadhoulder. By then, however, his behaviour had already discredited the Stadthouders and the importance of the House of Orange as a political factor in the arena of the Republic was sharply curtailed.

Siege Paintings after the PEACE OF MÜNSTER 1648 The signing of the Treaty of Münster may have meant that the immediate source of material for the painting of acts of warfare had disappeared, but it did not lead to an abrupt cessation of the genre. On the contrary, in about 1655 the Rotterdam painter Hendrick de Meyer (? - before 1698) suddenly evinced a great interest in depicting two important victories from the autumn of Frederik Hendrik’s generalship. Evidently there was still a market for this kind of thing. In a compara- tively short time, roughly from 1654 to 1656, de Meyer produced five paintings of the siege of Breda in 1637 (pl. 6) and seven of the capture of Hulst in 1645 by troops led by Frederick Hendrik.

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De Meyer was probably influenced by the paintings that Pauwels van Hillegaert had done of the siege of Bois-le-Duc (Beleg van s’Hertogenbosch 1629). To some extent his paintings are a logical step in the evolution that the genre of siege paintings went through. In his works van Hillegaert had brought the extremely high horizons of the Southern Netherlandish painters back to rather more realistic proportions. De Meyer dropped the horizon even further, so that the ratio of land to sky came out at something like 1:4 and the matter was finally settled in favour of the sky. The effect of this was that the repre- sentations became more compact. It is conspicuous that de Meyer had a pronounced preference for painting the sieges of Breda and Hulst, rather than the capture of S’Hertogenbosch or Maastricht. Exceptionally, he painted one picture of the capture of Sas van Gent in 1644 - like the taking of Hulst, one of the last gasps of the Eighty Years War. Why only the one work of the siege of Sas van Gent is known, whereas the capture of Hulst in the following year was to figure frequently in de Meyer’s paintings, is a mystery. It may have something do with the fact that with the capture of Hulst the process of securing the Republic was finally complete. After Hendrick de Meyer gave up painting siege scenes a period of some twenty-five years ensued during which the production of pictures of this kind lay dormant. Then in about 1680 the Dordrecht painter Abraham van Calraet (1642 - 1722) took up the subject again, painting a number of views all of the same siege, that of Breda. Four of these paintings are known, and they are all more or less identical. In terms of the structure of the painting, van Calraet combines de Meyer’s low vantage point with the way van Hillegaert portrays Frederik Hendrik and his retinue at camp in Vught during the siege of S’Hertogenbosch. With van Calraet the painting of the armed conflict of the Eighty Years War came to an end. Painters of the last quarter of the seventeenth century preferred to concentrate on events from contemporary history, and the perilous situation in which the Republic found itself in 1672 and the subsequent salvation of the nation by William III certainly provided them with plenty of material. The new Pauwels van Hillegaert was named Jan Huchtenburg. At the end of the seventeenth century he emerged as the visual recorder of the war on land, and in terms of productivity he is van Hillegaert’s equal.

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Types of Representation When we try to arrive at some kind of classification within the genre of siege scenes from the second quarter of the seventeenth century, we find that, on the basis of subject matter and composition, the paintings can be arranged in four pictorial types. In the first place there are the panoramas of the town seen from the besiegers’ camp. The emphasis in these paintings is almost always on the army camp in the foreground. The besieged town in the distance is of subordinate importance and is seen as nothing more than a silhouette against the horizon. The painter’s choice of perspective is crucial to the character of the representation. The extremely high division of land and sky in the work of Pieter Snayers produces quite a different kind of painting when compared with the low horizon used by Hendrick de Meyer. The second category of siege scenes is really an elaboration of the first, from which it differs in having an equestrian portrait of a general - almost always Frederik Hendrik - as the chief feature of the foreground. However, although these portraits receive the main emphasis within the painting, they occupy comparatively little of the area of the picture as a whole. This panorama with equestrian portrait evolved into the third type of representation: the equestrian portrait with a siege in the background. This includes both the small portraits painted by van Hillegaert and the monumental works painted between 1635 and 1650. In all these paintings the portrait of the general on horseback dominates the scene, the warfare being pushed even further into the background. The last category of siege scenes comprises representations of the exodus of the besieged forces after the signing of the treaty of capitulation. The earliest example of such a withdrawal is The Defeated Spanish Garrison leaving S’Hertogenbosch on 17th September 1629 by Pauwels van Hillegaert. Events like these placed the final seal on a victory and were thus, for the victorious side, the crowning moment of a siege often lasting many months. After van Hillegaert the chief exponent of scenes of departure following a siege was Hendrick de Meyer. In contrast to van Hillegaert’s panoramic views, de Meyer’s siege-endings are fairly compact. Apart from the question of which scenes of a siege the painters of the seventeenth century recorded, it is at least as important to know what these paintings did not show. The answer is as extraordinary as it is

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simple: they do not show us the fighting itself. This has everything to do with the fact that artists painted the town from a great distance and not from the redoubts and trenches that were the actual scene of battle. Commanders seldom ventured into such dangerous parts, preferring to have themselves immortalised in the safety of their base camp where they ran no risk of being shot from their mounts. The stories of Frederik Hendrik being so bold as to come within range of the town may bear witness to the Prince’s courage, but they also make it painfully clear that the presence of senior officers in the front lines was rare in the extreme.

Patrons As already observed, it seems likely that the Northern Netherlandish paintings of episodes from the first phase of the Eighty Years War were painted on commission for local institutions. Most of the monumental portrait series of the second quarter of the seventeenth century, too, were ordered by local regents. However, whereas these city councils and other institutions chose equestrian portraits against a backdrop of scenes of warfare, Frederik Hendrik and his court had a clear preference for panoramic views of sieges. The two works that Daniel Cletcher painted of the sieges of Groenlo and s’Hertogenbosch were both part of the Stadthouder’s collection at the Binnenhof in The Hague. An inventory drawn up in 1632 refers to both these works as hanging in ‘His Excellency’s gallery’ surrounded by a large number of portraits, mythological and biblical pieces and landscapes. Since Cletcher’s panels date from 1630 and were already in Frederik Hendrik’s collection two years later, the obvious inference is that they were painted specifically for the Prince. Indeed it is quite possible that Frederik Hendrik and Daniel Cletcher knew one another personally: Cletcher was not only a member of the guild of St Luke in The Hague (St Luke being the patron saint of painters), he was also quartermaster to John Albert, Count of Solms- Braunfels, who was Frederik Hendrik’s brother-in-law. Besides the two sieges in Frederik Hendrik’s gallery, there another Cletcher in the gallery of Amalia van Solms, the Stadthouder’s wife. Paintings of sieges hung not only in the Stadtholder’s Quarters in The Hague but also in the castle at Buren. The old castle, which had passed into the possession of the House of Orange through the marriage of William of Orange to Anne of Egmond-Buren, lay on the route from the Stadtholder’s residence in The Hague to the scene of the fighting in

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the south. Several paintings of major victories by Princes of Orange hung in its long ballroom or gallery. In 1646 Jan Breecker supplied three works for this hall, depicting the sieges of s’Hertogenbosch (1629), Rijnbeek (1633) and Breda (1637), for which on 3 March 1646 he received the sum of 478 guilders. In 1644 Breecker had signed a contract for three paintings showing the crossing of the armies of the States General at Florival in the Flemish part of Brabant, near Brussels. For these he received payment totalling 408 guilders. Gerrit van Santen painted two large pictures for the new gallery at Buren: one of the siege of Sas van Gent (1644) and one of the siege of Hulst (1645), two of Frederik Hendrik’s very recent successes. At the same time van Santen supplied two paintings of the sieges of Wezel and Schenkenschans, both in small format. For these four works he was paid the sum of 260 guilders on 8 February 1647. He then went on to paint a further five works for the gallery: the sieges of Groenlo (1627), Wezel (1629), Maastricht (1632), Schenkenschans (1636) and Gennep (1641). For these he received payment totalling 790 guilders on 18 December 1647. Of the fifteen paintings of sieges that hung at Buren, only one of the two pictures of Frederik Hendrik’s siege of Schenkenschans has been preserved. The figure of Frederik Hendrik appears to be missing from the picture, since none of the horsemen in the foreground has recognisable features or is distinguished by any detail of dress that might identify him as the Prince. The only figure to be a candidate is the man seated on a white horse commanding a group of pikemen, but as he is turned with his back towards us it seems unlikely that this is meant to be the Prince. In the two Cletchers in the Stadthouder’s Quarters it is likewise difficult if not impossible to identify Frederik Hendrik. In fact, in the whole of the Prince’s collection of paintings there is not a single example of explicit self-glorification. This is remarkable, considering that in numerous representations of successful sieges the likeness of the Stadthouder is a prominent, not so say dominant, feature. It begins to look as if institutions had a predilection for paintings in which Frederik Hendrik was portrayed as the victorious general whereas the Prince himself preferred not to place too much emphasis on his contribution to the struggle against foreign domination. Evidently the Stadthouder had no wish to cause the States General, whose servant he nominally was, any offence.

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The three artists who recorded Frederik Hendrik’s military successes for him are painters very few of whose works are known. It is striking that the Prince did not avail himself of the services of well-known artists such as Hendrick Ambrosius Pacx or Pauwels van Hillegaert, but we can only guess at the reasons for this. In the case of the castle at Buren, van Hillegaert was not an option, for the simple reason that he died some years before the works for the gallery were commissioned. Similarly, that there were pieces by a painter such as Daniel Cletcher hanging in the Stadthouder’s Quarters but nothing by van Hillegaert, who had been producing pictures of members of the House of Orange since at least as early as 1621, is surprising. Even so, the possibility cannot be ruled out that Frederik Hendrik owned work by van Hillegaert. Although the artist is unrepresented in Frederik Hendrik’s inventories, treasury accounts and books of ordinances, these sources are far from complete. Besides, inventories of the Binnenhof drawn up in 1754 and 1763/4 and a description of 1763 of the paintings in Het Loo Palace show that in the eighteenth century, at least, the House of Orange owned two works by van Hillegaert: Prince Maurits and Prince Frederik Hendrik on Horseback and Prince Frederik Hendrik and Count Ernest Casimir at the Beleg van s’Hertogenbosch, 1629. The provenance of these pieces is unknown, but it is not impossible that they were once the property of Frederik Hendrik. Besides works painted for local government institutions and the Stadthouder, it would have been natural for some paintings to be produced for the open market. Certainly the many variants of Frederik Hendrik on horseback at Maastricht or s’Hertogenbosch by Pauwels van Hillegaert would appear to point in that direction. Likewise, the fact that Hendrick de Meyer and after him Abraham van Calraet painted several versions of the siege of Breda, all closely similar, would seem to rule out their having been executed for a single patron. Instead they are a clear sign that there was interest in such paintings from several quarters, though it must be said that we have yet to find archival evidence for this supposition. The fact remains, however, that paintings of sieges were intended first and foremost to hang in government buildings and in the immediate entourage of the Stadthouder’s court.

In Conclusion A total of slightly over a hundred paintings of sieges are known to have been painted in the period 1621-48, a large proportion of them being

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equestrian portraits. Although this can hardly be said to be a small number, it pales into insignificance when set beside the countless views of battles and warfare in general that cannot be linked to any particular historical event. These paintings were aimed at a much wider public, whereas scenes of sieges were produced chiefly for the regent class. Thus the difference between paintings on the subject of a particular event and representations of military life in general can be traced back to the audience for whom the works were intended. It is now time to go back to Scotland where trouble is brewing. Being a professional soldier William Baillie needed to look for work. Minor skirmishes do not fill the coffers and in a war of liberation sacking a city is not an option! Baillie therefore cast his eyes over the sea for an opportunity of career advancement. Reports of unrest with Charles I and his Catholic tendencies reached Amsterdam as did his young daughter Mary Stuart who even though remarkably young was married off to William II son of Frederik Hendrik. The dynastic ambitions of the House of Orange and the plotting of Frederik Hendrik gaining much status from this union. Although it was to ultimately drive a wedge between Stadthouder and the States General in the coming years and lead ultimately to Frederik Hendrik’s undoing. Scotland, independent and a God fearing Presbyterian nation of Protestants were not enamoured with their Stuart King that sat upon the English throne. His marriage to a Catholic French Queen only compounded the felony, for behind it the Scots smelt the long arm of Rome. William Baillie sensed an opportunity, it was a long shot and a big wrench from the comfortable city life that he had built for himself and his family. But needs must as the Devil drives so the family set sail via Vlissingen for Edinburgh in the year of 1638 and bid a tearful farewell to their golden city of Amsterdam.

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Chapter Five

Return to Scotia

It was a bleak grey day in Auld reekie (Colloquial slang for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland) as William Baillie soldier of fortune presented his sword to his native parliament. Seeking employment, returning soldiers were enacting the same simple ceremony all over the land. Many famous names, from the annals of the English Civil Wars that would rend the land for the next 20 years, were returning from the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars on the continent. Chief among these in Scotland was the Earl of Leven, Alexander Leslie, a venerable figure of age combined with charisma and authority. He was a good honest soldier that had been created Field Marshal by King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden, much in the mould of Robert E Lee some two hundred years later.

Alexander Leslie, 1st earl of Leven, 1582–1661, Scottish general. A talented professional soldier that served in the Swedish army for some 30 years, being knighted by Gustavus II Adolphus and created Field Marshal. He fought with distinction first for the Dutch and then for Swedes in the Thirty Years War. Returning to Scotland in 1638, he led the Scottish Army of the Solemn League and Covenant. Formed from groups of Presbyterians bound by an oath to sustain each other in the defence of their religion. The first formal Covenant had been signed in 1557, signalling the beginning of the Protestant effort to seize power in Scotland. The Scots regarded their king, as a first among equals, an important point that led to much confusion with the English with their perception of monarchy and certainly that of the autocrat Charles I himself. In the Bishops’ Wars, (two brief campaigns in 1639 and 1640 respectively) the Scots fought against Charles I of England. Charles had attempted to strengthen episcopacy in Scotland by imposing in 1637 the

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English Book of Common Prayer. The Scots countered by re-pledging themselves in the National Covenant of 1638 to restore Presbyterianism and to rid the Kingdom of the imposed “Anglicised Roman Catholicism” that they perceived Charles I and Archbishop Laud to have imposed. Charles I made Alexander Leslie an earl in 1641, hoping to gain his support. In 1644 Leven led an army into England and took part in the defeat of the king at Marston Moor. Then when Charles surrendered to the Scottish army in 1646, Leven had charge of him until the royal prisoner was handed over to the English in 1647. He steadfastly refused to side with the Royalist “engagers” under the Duke of Hamilton, which culminated in their disastrous defeat to Cromwell at Warrington in 1648. Following the conclusion of the Solemn League and Covenant between the Scots and the English Parliament after the First and Second English civil wars, 1642–48, the conflict between King Charles I and the English Parliamentary forces came to a head. This was quite literally, as Charles I was executed by beheading in Whitehall January 30, 1649. This process of “Regicide” culminated in the establishment of an English republican commonwealth (1650 to 1660). Resuming command briefly to resist Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland in 1650, Leven finally resigned actual command of the Scottish Covenanter army to Lieutenant General David Leslie just before they were defeated at Dunbar (1650). The Scottish forces then fought on for another year until their ultimate defeat with Charles II at Worcester (1651). Sandy Leslie was twice imprisoned briefly in the Tower of London, before retiring on parole to his estates at Balgonie where he died peacefully in 1661.

Other officers of note were appointed to drill and train the raw Scottish recruits in preparation for war. Charles I was increasingly being seen as a tyrant an instrument of Rome and in league with Catholic enemies such as the Imperial power of Spain. As a somewhat distant and absolute monarch that ruled from London, he sat on an English throne with no thought for his own country and people. The feeling in Scotland was that he needed to be resisted at all costs. The very last straw was the imposition of a new Book of Common Prayer in 1637 under the auspices of Archbishop Laud. This was seen as a back door way to Cathlocise the country with Papist ceremony and iconism being brought into the centre of the holy mother church. Needless to say this was not to be tolerated by the religious fanatics of the Kirk party and the civil mob.

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William Baillie’s record spoke for itself he was a devout Protestant from a devout Protestant family and had been successfully engaged in defeating Catholicism in both Holland and Germany for some 20 years. His curriculum vitae was to say the least both extensive and impressive, so he got the job as Major General of Infantry. To his pleasant surprise he found that his old friend Sir James Lumsden had been appointed alongside him as his 2i/c. James after many successful years of leading his own Scottish Brigade of Infantry for Gustavus II Adolphus, was the ideal choice to become Sergeant Major General and whip ‘the boys’ as he called them into shape. Together they forged a friendship that would survive through thick and thin and even more incredibly, survive physical mortality to this present day. The soldiers drilled and trained, the Bishops’ War was about to climax with the Scottish invasion of Berwick on Tweed. Baillie acquitted himself well and was promoted from Brigade level to being in charge of the Scottish Foote (Infantry). Some 20 000 men, an army of considerable size for the times. His status among the aristocracy was confirmed through his ability and professionalism, which commanded respect, despite his not carrying the title of a knight. For the prefix Sir William Baillie belonged to his elder stepbrother who resided over the family estates of Lamington in Lanarkshire, just upstream from Glasgow. The lack of a title would haunt him at a latter date, but in the excited climate of 1640 on the eve of hostilities between Crown and Parliament in England it did not matter. He was simply The General, Major General William Baillie to be precise, soon to be promoted to Lieutenant General once the conflict began in earnest as he achieved an independent command in the February of 1645. The pay was good, the family were happy in Edinburgh, which held the delights of education and civilisation, especially with its continental flavour, an eclectic cross between Scandinavia and France. The Old alliance between France and Scotland was alive and well and would in due course flourish into support for the Jacobite cause of Bonnie Prince Charlie, but that was some 100 years off into the future. At the outbreak of civil war in England during the summer of 1642, William Baillie decided to find and acquire a secure family home for his beloved blonde haired wife and three precious children. A home fit for a General, a castle no less and he didn’t have to look far. Stirling with its formidable fortress perched high on a plug of volcanic basalt was and

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still is the key to Scotland. The crucial lynch pin linking the Lowlands with the Highlands at the first crossing point of the Forth as it flows to the sea, for he who hold Stirling holds Scotland! A lesson not lost on Baillie as a direct descendant of William Wallace on his mother’s side. Robert the Bruce knew this old adage too and despite betraying Wallace gave battle to the Knights of Edward II at Bannockburn upon mid summer 1314. William Baillie was well aware of all this and the fact that geography often determines the outcome of battles and their associated politics. He therefore needed to be nearby close to the vital arterial pressure point of Stirling bridge. Then he spotted his opportunity, Airth Castle became suddenly available upon the death of the incumbent member of the Bruce family in 1642. It was ideally suited, as it sits on its terrace crag overlooking the Forth estuary, easily defensible and close to Stirling at only 9 miles away and Edinburgh in the distance at some 15 miles. It would therefore be an ideal key site for General Baillie to operate from and is at present situated immediately adjacent to the late Victorian mining village of Letham and a place called Bow trees on the map. There is a high probability that William Baillie called it that due to his links with the Voetboog shooting club in Amsterdam? Also the present Kincardine road bridge is immediately to the east of the estate and demonstrates yet more evidence should it be needed for the strategic positioning of this nodal point. To the west sat the King’s Forrest of Tor wood. Lands held by one George Forrester, First Lord Forrester of Corstophine. He had two young daughters Joanna and Lilas, they would figure largely in the Baillie fortunes as time went by. The name George again – like BAD WOLF in Dr Who a sign post in time. In February of 2005 I took my daughter Harriet back to Scotland and was able to match the location of Airth Castle with my memory. Harriet even commented on how I was able to find my way around despite having never been there during this present lifetime. General Baillie secured the lease from the Bruce family in 1642 and moved in. His family now had a secure base from which to operate and weather the oncoming storm. Happy in the knowledge that his family was safe and with the added sense of history that his own freedom fighter ancestor Sir William Wallace had once famously stormed the castle to release his uncle the priest of Dunipace from the clutches of 100 English soldiers that had held him hostage, Baillie went to work. In 1642 things came politically to a head. Charles I had been forced

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by Parliament to execute his chief adviser and Field General Lord Stafford over the Ireland question. It was the last straw in the chess game of keeping Parliament happy. The Catholic massacre of Protestants in the river Bann had sent a torrent of hysteria through the land. Parliament riding the crest of this popularist emotion had tightened the noose of constraint around Charles’ neck. A stubborn as ever Charles exercising his divine right dismissed Parliament and raised his standard at Nottingham – it was civil war. The English Parliament mobilised the London Trained Bands and the ill prepared raw armies clashed at Edgehill that summer. Confident as ever that it would all be over by Christmas and normal service resumed. But both sides would be in for a shock. The scale and upheaval of the series of conflicts would profoundly shape the next 300 years of British and world history. For now it had been a bloody and indecisive clash with no clear advantage to King or Parliament. Both sides regrouped and retrained, the Eastern Association and the London Trained Bands for Parliament, The Marquis of Newcastle and other nobles for the King. Small skirmishes occurred as local rivalries and old scores were settled. Various areas of the country declared for either King or Parliament. Castles and armouries were seized and fortified. The whole of Britain quickly became an armed camp almost overnight. The exact same thing would happen again some 200 years later on another continent as the echoes recycled themselves in the American Civil War of 1861 – 65. Meanwhile the massive Scots army trained and waited on the sidelines to intervene when the time or opportunity arose. That time came, January 19, 1644 when the Scots marched south of the border and laid siege to Newcastle upon Tyne, thus cutting off the coal supply to London which was in the midst of a very cold winter. True to tradition the Scots army is never happier than when invading its old enemy England. Centuries of cross border warfare had ensured that many old grudges and feuds could be settled when the opportunity arose and this was one such time. Chief among these families were the Percy’s and the Douglas’. But this was not so trivial, a new kind of total war was about to stalk the land. For William Baillie events came to a head on July 2, 1644 and took place on a wind swept piece of soggy moor just north west of the city of York. This was to be the turning point for Parliamentary fortunes and the beginning of the end for Charles and the Royalist cause and the place was called Marston Moor. The Scots were marching down the A1 into the heartlands of middle

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England. They were following the centuries old tried and tested route. History has an uncanny knack of repeating itself in a cyclic fashion, due mainly to the terrain and geography of the landscape. The largest battle ever fought on English soil occurred in 1461 at Towton just a few miles from the ensuing conflict that was about to take place. The large amassed forces of the Yorkists under Edward IV clashed with the Lancastrians under Henry VI and his warrior Queen Margaret of Anjou. Now barely 200 years later another titanic struggle was building up a head of steam. William Baillie at the head of column of march had almost reached Towton when he was summoned back to Marston Moor. The Scots army duly about faced and march back to its starting positions. Parliament with its strong Eastern Association under the Fairfaxes, its Midland Association under the Earl of Manchester and the Scots under the Earl of Leven had come together as allies to take on the dashing Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Northern armies of Lord Goring, Marquis of Newcastle invested in York. Rupert was intending to break the siege of York by a circular route north of the combined Parliamentary forces. Baillie as mentioned above was marching south near Towton at the head of a 20 000 strong Scots army when he received the order to head back to York as Prince Rupert had been sighted. The column was a full 20 miles long so time would be required to get the men back. Fairfax, Cromwell and Manchester where busy marshalling their forces into battle array as the men marched back onto Marston Moor just outside of York. It was around 5 pm when Baillie entered onto the scene and took his position at the head of his brigades on the extreme right of the Parliamentary line. Those brigades comprised of the battle hardened veterans of the Earl of Crawford-Lindsay’s Brigade (Earl of Crawford- Lindsay’s regiment and Viscount Maitland’s regiment) and Sir Alexander Hamilton’s Brigade (Sir Alexander Hamilton’s regiment and James Rae’s regiment) all in all some 3000 troops. Maitland’s name would forever be associated with another famous battle in a Belgium wheatfield nearly some 200 years later in the summer of 1815 at a little known place called Waterloo. There again Maitland’s boys would stand against the might of Napoleon’s Old Guard and cause Wellington to utter those immortal words, “Now’s your time Maitland, up and give it to them!” The sentiment of those words echoed back down the ages for that day at Waterloo Maitland’s boys stood like a rock, just as their direct ancestors did with Baillie upon the field of Marston Moor two centuries previous.

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The Royalists had settled down for the night, but Cromwell and the Parliamentarians were in no mood to rest being driven on by the pressing need to engage and destroy the Royalists with a knockout blow and tarnish Prince Rupert’s unbeatable reputation. It was decided that we should suddenly attack around 8 pm that evening at the sound of a single cannon shot. Fairfax argued the point upon Cromwell’s suggestion and insistence. I liked the idea as it would put the enemy onto the back foot and no sense in waiting around for the inevitable, bad for morale. We had already trudged some 20 odd miles in the summer heat, no best to get it over with. This duly happened, as with awesome synchronicity a single clap of thunder rent the air and the dark storm clouds burst in both the sky and on the land. Sensing the drama of the moment and the God given sign of divine intent the whole Parliamentarian line surged down the gentle slope and into the stunned Royalists taken completely by surprise. But to give them credit they had plenty of fight left in them. Newcastle’s late and reluctant entry onto the moor from the York siege lines had enraged Rupert who was spoiling for a fight. Differences forgotten both wings of the cavalier cavalry mounted and hurled themselves forward into the Parliamentarian horse. Cromwell supported by little David Leslie’s Scottish lancers held the fury of Prince Rupert’s wing and dispersed the threat. Rupert unusually not at the head of his lofty cavaliers subsequently had to hide in a bean field to avoid capture! Together with the death of his famous dog Poodle much was made of this ignominious defeat in Parliamentary cartoons after the event. Crucially Cromwell, after having a wound dressed and with a trade mark iron grip on his men, regrouped and waited for a battle winning opportunity to arise. On our side of the field it was entirely another matter. The Royalist horse under Lord Goring and Sir Charles Lucas had routed Black Tom Fairfax’s command, which dispersed and ran for the most part. Seeking fresh targets the elated cavaliers threw themselves into the flanks of our Scottish Infantry Brigades under my direct command. This was a Waterloo situation and we responded by forming a hedge of pikes whilst keeping up a hot musketry exchange. Engaged now to our front and on our flank we had to weather the storm or perish trying. Many Scots and English fearing the day lost and to their great shame began to flee the field in panic before firing a single shot. Manchester and the Earl of Leven not the least among them! My good friend and compatriot Sergeant Major General Sir James Lumsden was furious at this turn of

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events and ever determined tried to rally the fleeing troops to my support. He like I had realised that this was the crucial point and that we must hold the line or lose all. This was a last man standing fight and I was absolutely determined that we would prevail. I would be that man and no English aristo would have the pleasure of treading on my corpse. Thoughts of our Baillie lineage going back to Sir William Wallace on the maternal side and of that stirring Scottish victory at Bannockburn (1314), now just a stones throw from Airth Castle, that I had recently leased from the Bruce family flowed through my head. Galvanised by such resolve and a sense of destiny I galloped to find Jamie, who previously had drawn a hasty map of the dispositions of our lines and the enemies as they appeared to him - he loved maps and still does, amazingly enough! And thanks be to God it was with that sure knowledge that I knew where to draw reserves from and which of our regiments would stand and come forward to the aid of my battered Brigades. Leaving Jamie to complete the job I led those that would follow back to my beleaguered battalions. Lindsay and Maitland’s regiments where fighting like Trojans in the titanic conflagration that was the front right of our line. Leading the boys’ forward we plugged the gaps and brought up the crucial support to hold the line and save the day for Parliament. For one whole hour these Scottish boys had withstood assault after assault as the Royalist cavalry sent wave after wave against them. The whole contest was fast and furious as both sides grasped the strategic importance of what was taking place. It was at this point that fortune took a hand and we were blessed with a quick witted and charismatic commander in Black Tom Fairfax, God bless his curly black hair! Black Tom quick thinking as ever took the white field sign from his hat and rode clean behind the whole length of the Royalist lines in search of Cromwell. An act of the utmost audacity, but perfectly possible given the confused nature of the fighting that roiled and bubbled all around. He successfully sought and found Cromwell, who sat calmly at the head of his disciplined Ironsides awaiting an opportunity to finish this desperate fight. Each man was on pain of death, should he leave his post, as he awaited the next order that would ensure that the Lord’s work was completed that day. That opportunity arose as Black Tom relayed the events and informed Cromwell of the disaster that had befallen the right wing Parliamentarian horse but that the Scottish infantry were putting up one heck of a fight. With deadly calm and precision Oliver Cromwell led by

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Black Tom Fairfax guided his Ironsides around the back of the Royalist line the same way Black Tom had come. He then hurled them into the rear of the engaged Royalist cavalry that were intent on giving my brigades such a hard time. The surprise was complete and the rout inevitable. Within minutes the Royalist cavalry collapsed on our right wing and were fleeing en masse in head long panic and Sir Charles Lucas was captured. We had held the line! We had prevailed against increasing odds and I was never ever so glad in all my lives to see the sight of those grim faced determined Ironsides slashing away at our opponents. The day was ours, Cromwell was ecstatic, as was Black Tom, Jamie Lumsden and my good self! My men were jubilant as we sensed that we had achieved a great victory against the odds. We did not know at the time, but we had changed the course of history and thankfully for me Cromwell never forgot that moment which would save my life just four short but eventful years later. Prince Rupert was forced to hide in a bean field and his pet dog Poodle was killed as mentioned. The Parliamentarian media spin machine made much of this and had a field day of its own. Portraying the hapless Rupert ignominiously defeated in several pamphlets. Then as now the tabloid press was in full swing trying to win the popular vote at home. But the historic victory at Marston Moor sealed the Royalist fate in the North and with it the course of the war, which would drag on for several more bloody years until it reached its final dramatic conclusion. But Parliamentary democracy would never be lost and the British people would be the ultimate beneficiaries. Naseby the following year June 14, 1645, would be the equivalent of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1,2,3, 1863, in the American Civil War. Both battles would be a political high water mark of immense magnitude in national and world history, but Marston Moor was the beginning of the end for the Royalist cause. The following year I would be engaged in chasing and fighting a little known Royalist hero who would rise to be a superstar of the conflict, none other than Sir James Graham Marquis of Montrose and Captain General of the Royalist forces in Scotland - The Great Montrose. We would tangle time and again all over Scotland in a game of cat and mouse that would cause me much angst and dent my military reputation. But for now I was at the height of my powers and success. Sir James Lumsden’s words on the matter can be read in Appendix Eight in the Appendices.

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Chapter Six

Defeat at Alford

Autumn 1644: Through God’s grace the allies had triumphed over the King’s Armies upon the field of Marston Moor. Our casualties had been relatively light for such a large battle just one Lieutenant Colonel the Viscount Dudhope and some 300 odd men. The enemy suffered some 4000 dead, most were cut down upon fleeing by Cromwell’s Ironsides. A vast proportion of the dead were of Newcastle’s famed White coats, brave souls that they were, they refused quarter and died to a man at the close of the battle, in a heroic yet futile gesture of defiance. Fairfax and Cromwell were victorious as the only senior commanders not to flee the field, together with David Leslie, Sir James Lumsden and myself William Baillie as subordinate Scottish commanders. Credit must also go to Colonel Lambert on Cromwell’s side who did some disciplined and sterling work, our paths would all cross in interesting ways at a future date. Finally to Sergeant Major General Lawrence Crawford of the Army of the Eastern Association who also did some excellent work in holding together a close run thing. But he was not a fan of Cromwell and later played down his achievements, sad fellow. He was to die the following year as Cromwell’s star continued to ascend. On Naseby’s field the King’s cause was lost, but that would not concern me as I would be otherwise engaged and much less fortunate than the English Parliamentary Generals. But for now we were exhausted but elated. There was a close bond forged that day by those that did not run away. We had prevailed, but it was a damn close run thing. Our job done we moved north towards home. Newcastle was stormed (October 13, 1644) and fell along with Tynemouth Castle (October 27, 1644) and Jamie became military governor of Newcastle as all effective resistance had ceased. I headed home for Christmas with

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Annie my beautiful Dutch wife and the boys at Airth Castle, near Falkirk over looking as it does the Forth of Firth with Edinburgh in the distance. My star had reached its zenith and I was on top of the world, for the moment I could do no wrong with my political masters in Edinburgh, but trouble was afoot. Hogmannay and the New Year came and I was returning to my army in February when a messenger intercepted me en route. I was summarily ordered to return forthwith to the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh to receive new orders. And I was about to have my first encounter with trickiest man in Scottish politics, Archibald “the Red Fox” Campbell, the Earl of Argyll. I have always been apolitical and remain so to this day largely due to this one man. Campbell had received a bloody nose from the Royalist rebel Montrose, Jamie Graham by name and was not too happy about it to say the least! I was given the task of running him to ground, together with his Highland and Irish gentlemen that had been causing quite a stir whilst we had been in England. In writing this next section so many questions are answered as to my character, thoughts and behaviour that have concerned me over the years. My dislike of committees, of politics and of responsibility all stem from this next episode. Burnt deep into my subconscious memory such that their effects would sap my confidence in the next life during the American Civil War and also in this present physical life. Manifesting them selves with alarming synchronicity to physical age. Now that I understand the process and the accuracy of the timings I can predict, using the timelines in the appendices, forth coming events. Over the last three years these predictions have been frighteningly accurate and lead inexorably to the conclusion that there is a much larger universal mechanism at work. This is one of, if not the chief conclusion drawn with regard to my studies and discoveries. We are compelled to face old events again yet often from a different perspective, our limited freewill allows us to re-evaluate and to respond to events in order to learn. Very often these are our worse fears, our dragons which must be slain in order for our spiritual progression to continue. Indeed food for the soul, these universal lessons and learning are the very fabric of existence. Many other military authors of distinction have adequately written the history of the events described in this chapter. Not least by Stuart Reid my favourite author on Scottish Military history. His canny assessment and no nonsense approach has given rise to several indispen- sable books on the subject of the Scottish involvement in the English

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Civil Wars and Montrose’s campaigns in particular. I wholeheartedly endorse his work for accuracy and criticism, including his assessment of William Baillie, which fairly describes his/my weaknesses and strengths. Stuart is not out to massage anyone’s ego, but he is fair and even takes steps to criticise Montrose’s weaknesses and failings which other authors in the past have failed to do. Such is the aura of heroism that surrounds this Royalist paladin so shabbily treated by his Monarch. Stuart also reminds me of Colin Pitscottie to look at. He was a bonnie soldier who as Lieutenant Colonel of Maitland’s Regiment stood at Marston Moor and rose later to become Lieutenant General of Infantry at the Battle of Worcester 1651. Stuart’s lifelong interest in this period and Scottish Military history in general, plus his stint as a fusilier might well have something to do with a memory link with Pitscottie? Certainly his face with beard correlates with my subconscious memory. Back to Montrose, in fact I even admire the fellow! I wish we could have met under more favourable circumstances and it certainly led to my choice to come back as a Rebel the next time during the American Civil War in order to experience his point of view. The universe in order to compound this lesson also ensured that I should not rise above the rank of a private soldier! Even with my desperate attempts to secure a commission in August 1863 the contrast could not be clearer, Government General of Infantry to Rebel private of cavalry. Thus highlighting perfectly how the intelligent mechanism of the universe works in order to teach us valuable lessons. So now back to the year of 1645, even the very number has held a fascination for me over the years. Chiefly with the martial arts and the Book of Five Rings written by Musashi coincidentally in 1645. This classic story of his own life and rise to legendary status as a philosopher, swordsman and strategist is still studied by diverse people around the world today, especially in business. Such is the power and truth of his words. In February 1645, Montrose soundly thrashed Archibald Campbell at the battle of Inverlochy. His surprise march through the Great Glen and over the mountains in the snow had completely taken the Campbells unawares in the very heart of their homelands. The Red Fox only escaped by abandoning his men to their fate and taking flight in his galley onto the loch. He would do this several times in the course of events. Such was the character of the man. Several units of infantry and cavalry had been detached from the

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Scottish army in England and sent North. All veterans of Marston Moor they were good troops. The Committee of Estates in Edinburgh however left the majority of the army in England as King Charles I was still putting up some resistance which appeared more effective then it really was, due largely to the inefficiency and squabbling in the Parliamentary ranks. This led to the Self-Denying Ordinance of December 1644 in which members of the House of Commons and Lords where not allowed to hold military office, the notable exception being none other than Oliver Cromwell. He remained as Lord General of Horse with Black Tom Fairfax as overall commander of the New Model Army. A professional New Model Army was formed and a new resolve took hold, which would ensure Parliaments success at Naseby during that year of 1645 and a new watershed in British history. I was tasked with hunting the Rebels down. This was a new kind of a job for me not the usual set piece battles I had been used to and had become good at. My cavalry 2i/c was Major General Sir John Hurry - hurry by name hurry by nature! I was wary of him as he had changed sides recently being a Royalist at Marston Moor! Such was the strange nature of this Civil War. However I myself being a mercenary professional soldier, yet with principles and loyalty to my current employer, still kept a weather eye on his behaviour. Being stabbed in the back is not my favourite occupation, especially in a moment of crisis when one must rely totally on ones trust and confidence in others. I have always been a team player, in this life as a member of several rugby teams. A good team is one you can trust and have confidence in, if you take a risk and push to achieve a goal you do not want to find yourself out on a limb with no support and your neck suddenly chopped off! No sir, no way, handsome is as handsome does - Sir John Hurry would prove his worth in the coming months, but would defect yet again to Montrose further down the line in 1650. He would be ambushed and captured along with Montrose at the Battle of Carbisdale that year in Montrose’s debacle of invading Scotland from the Orkney Islands. He would then be ignominiously executed in Edinburgh by hanging with Montrose. Such was the price of failure for leaders at that time. My duty was very clear, to capture or destroy Montrose and his army of Irish Catholic mercenaries and Highlanders under his 2i/c Alasdair MacColla (Coll Coitach or Colkitto as he was known). This Hebridean bearded giant of a man was the eldest son of Coll MacDonald of Colonsay and sworn enemy of the Campbells. He was every inch a

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highlander in the classic sense and was obsessed with his personal feud with the Clan Campbell and as such drew strength from all those clans with a score to settle with the hated Campbells. Highlanders were one thing and no great threat against disciplined organised troops, but it would be the stalwart Irish Catholic regular regiments of Colonels’ Thomas Laghtnan, Manus O’Cahan and James McDonnell that would give me the most grief in the coming months. But hats off to those Irish gentlemen for I wish they had been on my side! This would ensure that the intelligent universe would give me an Irish surname of Kell next time around, yet I would never know my Irish father who would die before I was born and I would fall in love with an Irish Catholic girl name of Mary Sullivan! Such is the fantastic mechanism of effect and consequence that this amazing universe concocts in order to teach us wise and salutary lessons. Ever mindful for the welfare of my troops, the forced marches were hard and I pushed myself even harder than the men, in order to lead by example, for I never asked more of my men than I was prepared to give myself. I faced their dangers and led from the front at all times thereby earning their enduring respect and loyalty. We pursued Montrose relentlessly, surprising him several times, most noticeably at Dundee April 4, 1645. When the cavalry and myself entered by the west gate as he and his rabble deprived of their plunder exited hastily by the east gate! It was after this action that I was compelled by various deputations including Sir John Hurry to split my force, a classic text book error that usually leads to military disaster. I was well aware of this yet I reluctantly agreed to Sir John’s argument that we should try to trap the rebels in a two-pronged offensive. Like Lee and Jackson in 1863 if it had come off we would have been hailed as military geniuses. But, Sir John Hurry was no Jackson. He was a successful brigade commander, but he would lose the plot big time and be destroyed just outside Inverness at the Battle of Auldern May 9, 1645. I on the other hand would chase Montrose over the Hills of Cromdale by Glenlivet to the Abernethy forest, where I would lose him in the rocks just outside Aviemore. Reluctantly giving up the pursuit my little army headed for Inverness and its castle to refit and recuperate. My next move would have been to deal with the Gordons at Huntley Castle before moving on to Drum Castle just outside Aberdeen. In February 2005 after skiing at Aviemore, I experienced a de ja vu moment as I crested the brow of the mountain road leading into Inverness that runs alongside Culloden battlefield

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upon Drumossie moor. Having read the above information subsequently, I can clearly see why I felt that way. I would be too late to rejoin Hurry for Auldern and I would be further exasperated by news from Crawford-Lindsay upon meeting up with his force that the Committee of Estates doubted my fervour and efforts to catch Montrose! Not having withstood the fact that I had chased him all over North East Scotland and was defeated only by the nature of the terrain around Strath Spey. Relentless forced marches had been undertaken constantly for some months, deprivations and hardships endured only to be told somewhat incredulously that I was insufficiently determined in the pursuit of the Rebels. This was the beginning of my annoyance with political interference from both the Committee of Estates and their political puppet master Archibald the Red Fox Campbell. A duplicitous and immoral character that would be executed by order of Charles II in 1660, exactly 10 years to the day after Montrose’s hanging. Charles II quite rightly would have nothing of his two faced political nature and his pact with Cromwell had sealed his fate. It must be remembered that the fate of not being successful was often death by ignominious means. This thought ever present in my head would guide many of my decisions for better or worse and I would have to adapt to survive. To add insult to injury I was to give up 1200 to 1400 of Home’s men and a 100 of Balcarres’ Horse in exchange for 400 men of Cassillis’ Regiment not a very good deal. I was further to relinquish command to Archibald Campbell who would immediately bring the Rebels to battle! For some strange reason Campbell declined to take up the post, but the damage had been done as Crawford-Lindsay had marched off into the Atholl on a wild goose chase. Thus with the remainder of my little force seriously weakened we struggled on. My first serious defeat was suffered exactly one year to the day after our great success at Marston Moor. The Battle of Alford was fought on July 2, 1645. Hurry had left the army at Aberdeen after our march from Inverness. He claimed indisposition and took off seaward. He was no great loss but now things became more complicated. I had been mucked about in my pursuit of the rebels by the Travelling Committee of Estates, which had taken some of my best troops and detached them saying that the Earl of Argyll was to be in charge of the New Army. This he refused to do being a political general by nature and so they were sent off into the Atholl on a fruitless escapade. Crawford-Lindsay with a

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small army went to rendezvous with the Earl of Seaforth in rebel territory, but he failed to show. I then received a letter from Crawford- Lindsay advising me to meet him at Drum Castle on Deeside. Arriving there some time beforehand I learnt that Montrose was camped only a short distance upstream in Cromar. Having decided to have a go I addressed the troops with a stirring speech of optimism pointing out the undoubted wealth that would be found in the rebel baggage train. The soldiers however, did not see it that way for I had a mixed bag of conscripts and a troublesome Red Regiment (Home’s) lately come over from Ulster and wearing English government red coats. These argu- mentative fellows, mostly professional ruffians were to prove most unhelpful at the start of the battle as described below.

“when hee looked for a chearfull answer, the reid regiment, commomly called the reid cottes (Home’s) with tuo old regiments more (Glencairn’s and Callendar’s) upon whose walour he most relyed, told him plainlely that they saw no just quarrell, for Montrose and the Gordounes ware Kinges subjects als well as they, and the Irishes, altho they were strangeres, ware the Kinges subjectes, professing to there obedience to his maiestie als well as they and all of them professed no other quarrell but the mantinance of the Kinges royall preogatiue, which he was no good subject that wold refuse.”

Not surprisingly “this answer did mightelie perplex there generall”, and thoughts of engaging the rebels had for the time being to be abandoned.

It just doesn’t happen like that in the movies folks!!!

Now I am a cautious general only committing to battle when victory is a certainty. I was also not tolerant to the loss of property or life on the part of the unfortunate citizens I was trying to protect. With all these factors in mind I was about to have my reputation severely dented at the insistence of a bunch of travelling politicians who could not organise a drinking session in an ale house! Previously our small rag tag army had taken up a strong position on a hill by a church at Keith on June 24, 1645. Montrose had challenged us to come down and fight in the open thus abandoning our strong position, I declined his kind offer and the

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rebels marched off. Puzzled at the direction of their line of march, I sent my scouts after them and made pursuit with the bulk of my force. I learnt that MacColla was absent from the main rebel force as he was off on a recruiting drive in the west. Next we caught up with the rebels at the base of the Correen Hills and an opportunity seemed at hand. We turned to cross the Don east of Alford well before encountering the rebel army as my scouts had forewarned me that they were camped on Gallowhill just south west of the river Don on the Howe of Alford. The river Don flows due east all the way to Aberdeen where it enters the sea just north of the town. The ground was not good, but I disposed of my troops in accordance with the accepted tactics of the day. Lord Balcarres was eager to be at them a typical cavalry attitude, which is fine when one has horse to escape on should things go wrong. He was another hot headed aristocrat that had done some good service with David Leslie at Marston Moor. In my own words, “I was necessitate to buckle with the enemie, despite my assessment that we were outnumbered.” The army was formed up in line of battle and crossed the river Don at the ford of Mountgarrie taking up position on the Howe of Alford, which although low lying was as good a position as we could expect to find. With one end of our line anchored on a small collection of houses on the left and the other end on the river we were prepared as possible, although our line being over stretched to avoid outflanking was mighty thin, only some three men deep. Montrose sensing that we would not attack uphill initiated the battle by advancing to contact. The cavalry were engaged Halkett on the right and Balcarres on the left. Lord Gordon’s troopers came to push with Balcarres and it looked for an instant that we would triumph. I advised the newly arrived levies to attack the flank of the rebel cavalry engaged with Balcarres on our left wing. But they misunderstanding or deliberately trying to avoid direct contact merely added their weight to the rear of the press. It was at this point that things took a turn for the worse. Laghtnan’s Irish regiment in support of Lord Gordon seized the initiative, upon orders from their colonel they dropped their muskets and pikes to fall onto the fray with dirks drawn. And so they began to hamstring the horses so as to disable them, which caused instant panic among our troopers. Now a horse is a prize possession as much then as today. Losing ones horse meant loss of status, relegation to the infantry and severe loss of monies. Thus it was that only some dozen had been so treated when the whole mass turned to flee. In a twinkling the right

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wing collapsed spelling disaster for the rest of us, the proverbial poor bloody infantry. Lord Gordon swung around the flank and took us from behind as we were hotly engaged to our front in a firefight Tragically for Montrose Lord Gordon was killed at this point, reputedly shot from behind by one of his own troopers in the mêlée. Although it may have been a bullet from my wheel lock pistol that caused the mortal wound? My memory states the latter and I have a wheel lock pistol displayed on the wall of my study as a subconscious reminder of the event. It certainly meant a lot to me when I spotted it in Italy in 1982 and cause a major upset with my wife. I just had to have that pistol, a totally irrational urge came over me at the time. Why was it that important? The answer may lie in the next piece of information. Prior to the battle Lord Gordon had promised his men that he would, “personally drag me from my horse by my cloak and parade me before them” - well that ain’t gonna happen, no way! It maybe that Lord Gordon was attempting to carry out the threat by trying to surprise me from behind? My pistol was ready for just such an occasion and certainly Lord Gordon was stopped in his tracks. Now fighting on both our front and rear it was an impossible task to remain a cohesive fighting force. To their credit the professional veteran units stuck together and thus fought their way clear despite heavy losses, the officers acting most becomingly and with good grace not to save themselves before their men. It was not so with the raw levied conscripts who immediately turned tail and fled when they saw the appearance of Archie Napier with the rebel baggage horses, who made a timely demon- stration in the distance and looked for all the world to untrained eyes as cavalry reinforcements. It was the psychological push that was needed to persuade the levies to break ranks and run. For these fishermen from Fife were hacked down in their hundreds by the pursuing highlanders. The ill disciplined highlanders whilst not much use against a disciplined formation were perfect to reek destruction and havoc on the fleeing desperate untrained levies. For years afterward it was said that the fishing boats of Fife rotted at their moorings for want of their owners after Alford.

My words describe the situation: “Our foote stood with myselfe and behaved themselves as became them untill the enemies horse charged in our reare and in our front we were over charged with their foote.”

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George Wishart, Montroses chaplain, also stated,” that they fought on doggedly, refusing quarter and they were almost all of them cut down.”

A separate account of the battle confirms my testimony: On the following morning July 2, the two armies were only the distance of about four miles from each other. Montrose drew up his troops on a little hill behind the village of Alford. In his rear was a marsh full of ditches and pits, which would protect him from the inroads of Baillie’s cavalry should they attempt to assail him in that quarter, and in his front stood a steep hill, which prevented the enemy from observing his motions. He gave the command of the right wing to Lord Gordon and Sir Nathaniel Gordon; the left he committed to Viscount Aboyne and Sir William Rollock; and the main body was put under the charge of Angus Macvichahister, chief of the Macdonells of Glengarry, Drummond younger of Balloch, and Quartermaster George Graham, a skilful officer. To Napier his nephew, Montrose entrusted a body of reserve, which was concealed behind the hill. Scarcely had Montrose completed his arrangements, when he received intelligence that the enemy had crossed the Don, and was moving in the direction of Alford. This was a fatal step on the part of Baillie, who, it is said, was forced into battle by the rashness of Lord Balcarras, “one of the bravest men of the kingdom.” Who unnecessarily placed himself and his regiment in a position of such danger that they could not be rescued without exposing the whole of the covenanting army. When Baillie arrived in the valley adjoining the hill on which Montrose had taken up his position, both armies remained motionless for some time, viewing each other, as if unwilling to begin the combat. Owing to the commanding position which Montrose occupied, the Covenanters could not expect to gain any advantage by attacking him even with superior forces; but now, for the first time, the number of the respective armies was about equal, and Montrose had this advantage over his adversary, that while Baillie’s army consisted in part of the raw and undisciplined levies which the Earl of Crawford had exchanged for some of his veteran troops, the greater part of Montrose’s men had been long accustomed to service. These circumstances determined Baillie not to attempt the ascent of the hill, but to remain in the valley, where, in the event of a descent by Montrose, his superiority in cavalry would give him the advantage. This state of inaction was, however, soon put an end to by Lord Gordon, who observing a party of Baillie’s troops driving away before them a large

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quantity of cattle which they had collected in Strathbogie and the Enzie, and being desirous of recovering the property of his countrymen, selected a body of horse, with which he attempted a rescue. The assailed party was protected by some dykes and enclosures, from behind which they fired a volley upon the Gordons, which did considerable execution amongst them. Such a cool and determined reception, attended with a result so disastrous and unexpected, might have been attended by dangerous consequences, had not Montrose, on observing the party of Lord Gordon acted immediately. He resolved instantly to commence a general attack upon the enemy with his whole army. But as Baillie’s foot had entrenched themselves amongst the dykes and fences which covered the ground at the bottom of the hill, and could not be attacked in that position with success. Montrose immediately ordered the horse, who were engaged with the enemy, to retreat to their former position, in the expectation that Baillie’s troops would leave their ground and follow them. In this hope he was not disappointed, for the Covenanters thinking that this movement of the horse was merely the prelude to a retreat, advanced from their secure position, and followed the supposed fugitives with their whole horse and foot in regular order. Both armies now came to close quarters, and fought face to face and man to man with great obstinacy for some time, without either party receding from the ground they occupied. At length Sir Nathaniel Gordon, growing impatient at such a protracted resistance, resolved to cut his way through the enemy’s left wing, consisting of Lord Balcarres’s regiment of horse; and calling to the musketeers who lined his horse, he ordered them to throw aside their muskets, which were now unnecessary, and to attack the enemy’s horse with their drawn swords. This order was immediately obeyed, and in a short time they cut a passage through the ranks of the enemy, whom they hewed down with great slaughter. When the horse which composed Baillie’s right wing, and which had been kept in check by Lord Aboyne, perceived that their left had given way, they also retreated. An attempt was made by the covenanting general to rally his left wing by bringing up the right, after it had retired, to its support, but they were so alarmed at the spectacle or mêlée which they had just witnessed on the left, where their comrades had been cut down by the broad swords of Montrose’s musketeers, that they could not be induced to take the place of their retiring friends. Thus abandoned by the horse, Baillie’s foot were attacked on all sides by Montrose’s forces. They fought with uncommon bravery, and although they were cut down in great numbers, the survivors exhibited a perseverance and determination

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to resist to the last extremity. An accident now occurred, which, whilst it threw a melancholy gloom over the fortunes of the day, and the spirits of Montrose’s men, served to hasten the work of carnage and death. This was the fall of Lord Gordon, who having incautiously rushed in amongst the thickest of the enemy, was unfortunately shot dead, it is said, when in the act of pulling Baillie, the covenanting general, from his horse. Having, it is said, in a moment of exultation, promised to his men, to drag Baillie out of the ranks and present him before them. The Gordons, on perceiving their young chief fall, set no bounds to their fury, and falling upon the enemy with renewed vigour, hewed them down without mercy. Yet these brave men still showed no disposition to flee, and it was not until the appearance of the reserve under the Master of Napier, which had hitherto been kept out of view of the enemy at the back of the hill, that their courage began to fail them. When this body began to descend the hill, accompanied by what appeared to them a fresh reinforcement of cavalry, but which consisted merely of the camp or livery boys, who had mounted the sumpter-horses to make a display for the purpose of alarming the enemy, the entire remaining body of the covenanting foot fled with precipitation. A hot pursuit took place, and so great was the slaughter that very few of them escaped. The covenanting general and his principal officers were saved by the fleetness of their horses, and the Marquis of Argyle, who bad accompanied Baillie as a member of the committee, and who was closely pursued by Glengarry and some of his Highlanders, made a narrow escape by repeatedly changing horses. Thus ended one of the best contested battles which Montrose had yet fought, yet strange as the fact may appear, his loss was, as usual, extremely trifling, Lord Gordon being the only person of importance slain. A considerable number of Montrose’s men, however, were wounded, particularly the Gordons, who, for a long time, sustained the attacks of Balcarres’s horse, amongst whom were Sir Nathaniel, and Gordon, younger of Gicht. The loss on the side of the Covenanters was immense; by far the greater part of their foot, and a considerable number of their cavalry having been slain. Some prisoners were taken from them, but their number was small, owing to their obstinacy in refusing quarter. These were sent to Stratbbogie under an escort. The brilliant victory was, however, clouded by the death of Lord Gordon, “‘a very hopeful young gentleman, able of mind and body, about the age of twenty-eight years.” Wishart gives an affecting description of the feelings of Montrose’s army when this amiable young nobleman was killed. “There was,” he says, “a general lamentation for the loss of the Lord Gordon, whose

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death seemed to eclipse all the glory of the victory. As the report spread among the soldiers, every one appeared to be struck dumb with the melancholy news, and a universal silence prevailed for some time through the army. However, their grief soon burst through all restraint, venting itself in the voice of lamentation and sorrow. When the first transports were over the soldiers exclaimed against heaven and earth for bereaving the king, the kingdom, and themselves, of such an excellent young nobleman; and, unmindful of the victory or of the plunder, they thronged about the body of their dead captain, some weeping over his wounds and kissing his lifeless limbs; while others praised his comely appearance even in death, and extolled his noble mind, which was enriched with every valuable qualifica- tion that could adorn his high birth or ample fortune: they even cursed the victory bought at so dear a rate. Nothing could have supported the army under this immense sorrow but the presence of Montrose, whose safety gave them joy, and not a little revived their drooping spirits. In the meantime he could not command his grief, but mourned bitterly over the melancholy fate of his only and dearest friend, grievously complaining, that one who was the honour of his nation, the ornament of the Scots nobility, and the boldest asserter of the royal authority in the north, had fallen in the flower of his youth.” The victories of Montrose in Scotland were more than counterbalanced by those of the parliamentary forces in England.

A biased account in favour of Montrose, but providing a valuable insight into the royalist perspective of the same event. A sorry mess - those that survived were banded together in provisional units for we had lost the best part of 1000 men. Halkett’s cavalry that stood, had largely escaped unscathed and later were combined with Balcarres remaining cavalry who had lost the battle for us in no short order. I was not best pleased with their behaviour or their commander. Our brave boys, my brave boys, many veterans of Marston Moor had been sacrificed so that they might keep their precious horses. Not letting things rest I looked towards the other half of my army sent with Crawford-Lindsay into the Atholl on a wild goose chase. Jamie Graham wished to exploit his victory and after burying Lord Gordon in Aberdeen set off south to attack Perth. Seaforth would not set foot outside of Inverness so he had calculated, leaving him a free hand to relieve the pressure on the King in England. Unbeknown to us all the King had not two weeks previously suffered his decisive defeat

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upon Naseby field, a battle that would decide the first civil war in favour of Parliament, with Fairfax, Cromwell and the New Model Army triumphant. Meeting up with my reserve forces and the survivors of Alford we chased after Montrose with timely intervention and thus saved Perth from the ravages of the rebels. The Scottish Parliament was in session there on July 24, 1645 busy avoiding a plague epidemic that had broken out in Edinburgh. Hurry had rejoined the cavalry and was sent off in pursuit of Montrose with Balcarres’ horse. He was less than enthusiastic and I complained loudly so. Exasperated by the inadequacy of the cavalry and the fact that they had slaughtered some unfortunate camp followers of Montrose in Methven wood for no good reason, I resigned my commission in disgust. The political interference of being told what to do by those with no idea and the insubordination of unruly aristocrats who refused to take orders from a common professional soldier was all too much. In February 2005 my subconscious took a good long look sideways as we came to Perth and cut left up the A9 passing the sign for Methven Forest. It was a very distinctive feeling and very dark, but it passed as we drove on up to Dunkeld and the pass of Killiekrankie retracing the steps of Montrose. I have noticed throughout my life that when previous geographical places are visited the subconscious remembers and the conscious mind becomes engaged, yet knows not why. I knew precisely why and so even though it took me by surprise I was able to rationalise the feeling and emotion. Scotland had been mercifully spared the excessive blood letting of Ireland up to the point that the camp followers were slaughtered in Methven wood. The following account shows that I was prepared to take it on the chin and did in fact salvage something of my reputation:

The victories of Montrose in Scotland were more than counterbalanced by those of the parliamentary forces in England. Under different circumstances Montrose’s success at Alford might have been attended with consequences more important to the royal cause. But the defeat of the king on the 14th of June, at Naseby, had raised the hopes of the Covenanters, and prepared their minds to receive the tidings of Baillie’s defeat with coolness and moderation. Upon the day on which the battle of Alford was fought, the Scottish parliament had adjourned to Stirling from Edinburgh, on account of a destructive pestilence that had reached the capital from Newcastle, by way of Kelso. Thither General Baillie, Lord Balcarres, and the Committee of

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Estates, which had accompanied the covenanting army, repaired, to lay a statement of the late disaster before the parliament, and to receive instructions as to their future conduct. With the exception of Baillie, they were well received. Balcarres, who had particularly distinguished himself in the battle at the head of his horse, received a vote of thanks, and a similar acknowledgement was, after some hesitation, awarded to Baillie, notwith- standing some attempts made to prejudice the parliament against him. But the fact was, they could not dispense in the present emergency with an officer of the military talents of Baillie, who, instead of shrinking from responsi- bility for the loss of the battle of Alford, offered to stand trial before a court martial, and to justify his conduct on that occasion. To have withheld, therefore, the usual token of approbation from him, whilst bestowing it upon an inferior officer, would have been to fix a stigma upon him which he was not disposed to brook consistently with the retention of the command of the army; and as the parliament resolved to renew his commission, by appointing him to the command of the army then being concentrated at Perth, they afterwards professed their unqualified satisfaction with him.

The inquest had followed and I was called to account by the Travelling Committee of Estates. My account whilst not readily accepted initially due to prejudice was taken in good faith as accurate, largely because I had not blamed the committee itself for the debacle! Yet I was put under greater scrutiny and further constraint, assuming the role of political scapegoat should another disaster follow. I was to hold the position of Lieutenant General until Robert Munro could be brought over from Ireland to assume command of the operations. I was not best pleased with this state of affairs to say the least, as I knew that I had been set up as Argyll’s fall guy should things go wrong. I admit with hindsight had I been tougher and taken a firmer line then I could have rescued what was to happen next. But I was no Cromwell…

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Chapter Seven

Disaster at Kilsyth

I had been unable to deal with the twin problems of a nobility who due to my lack of title found it difficult to take orders from a mere commoner and the meddling in affairs military of the travelling political circus that was the Parliamentary Committee of Estates for Scotland. Had I my own loyal troops behind me as Cromwell had then it might have been another matter! One can see now the parallels that were building to the time when I would join Cromwell and also why I would admire him so much when our paths did finally cross again. But I was saddled with conscript soldiers, raw levied troops who neither were capable of doing what they had been asked to do nor wanted to be doing that sort of thing in the first place and who can blame them! Not everybody wants to be a soldier, they didn’t even know who I was or why they should take orders from me. A tougher commander may have shot or hung a few just to make a point, but I could not nor would, not do such a thing, it was an enterprise doomed to failure. Exasperated at my own failure to catch Montrose and the constant political interference I had resigned my commission as Commander of the Army in Scotland. Very reluctantly I was prevailed upon to continue serving until Major General Robert Munro could be brought over from Ireland as a replacement. Meanwhile I dug my troops into a good defensive position at the Bridge of Earn just south of Perth. There I awaited the return of the Fife brigade that had taken itself off back home earlier that month of August 1645. A further political argument ensued as the committee wanted me to sallie forth to deal a blow against Montrose with half my army missing, which was sheer folly. The boys deserved a break to refit and lick their wounds, so I refused and sent Crawford-Lindsay off to find the missing Fife brigades.

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Aboyne, Lord Gordon’s younger brother had returned from burying him in Aberdeen and had rendezvoused with Montrose at Dunkeld and now were marching south. Montrose wisely chose to bypass our fortified camp and crossed the Mills of Forth on August 11, 1645. I was still delayed by those wayward Fife brigades that took it upon themselves to march home without authority all the way back to Fife! There then ensued yet another political argument with my masters that only compounded my black humour and I marched off in the opposite direction to find the missing brigades myself! At Lindores, I learnt that they were in Cupar and sent Crawford-Lindsay off to bring them in, agreeing to rendezvous at Rossie on the August 13, 1645. We then marched hard for Stirling, halting the night at Tullibody. On the 14th having had confirmation that the rebels had crossed the forth we marched across Stirling bridge in pursuit. An enlightening account of what took place next follows:

While the Fife regiments were thus persuaded to expose themselves to the unforeseen destruction, which unfortunately awaited them, an incident occurred on the opposite bank of the Forth, which betokened ill for the future prospects of the covenanting army. This will be best explained by stating the matter in General Baillie’s own words. “A little above the park (the king’s park at Stirling), I halted until the Fife regiments were brought up, hearing that the rebels were marching towards Kilsyth. After the upcoming of these regiments, the Marquis of Argyle, Earl of Crawford, and Lord Burleigh, and, if I mistake not, the Earl of Tulliebardine, the Lords Elcho and Balcarres, with some others, came up. My lord marquis asked me what next was to be done. I answered, the direction should come from his lordship and those of the committee. My lord demanded what reason was for this? I answered, I found myself so slighted in every thing belonging to a commander-in-chief that, for the short time I was to stay with them, I would absolutely submit to their direction and follow it. The marquis desired me to explain myself, which I did in these particulars, sufficiently known to my lord marquis and the other lords and gentlemen then present. I told his lordship, (1.) Prisoners of all sorts were exchanged without my knowledge; the traffickers therein received passes from others, and, sometimes passing within two miles of me, did neither acquaint me with their business, nor, at their return, where, or in what posture they had left the enemy: (2.) While I was present, others did sometimes undertake the command of the army: (3.) Without either my order or knowledge, fire was raised, and that

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destroyed which might have been a recompense to some good deserver, for which I would not be answerable to the public. All which things considered, I should in any thing freely give my own opinion, but follow the judgment of the committee, and then rather because that was the last day of my undertaking.” It is here necessary to state, by way of explanation, that Baillie had, in consequence of the previous conduct of the committee, resigned his commission, and had only been induced, at the earnest solicitation of the parliament, to continue his services for a definite period, which, it appears, was just on the point of expiring. The differences between Baillie and the committee being patched up, the covenanting army proceeded on the 14th of August in the direction of Denny, and having crossed the Carron at Hollandbush, encamped, as we have stated, about 3 miles from Kilsyth. Before the arrival of Baillie, Montrose had received information, which made him resolve to hazard a battle immediately. The intelligence he had obtained was to the effect, that the Earls of Cassilis, Eglinton, and Glencairn, and other heads of the Covenanters, were actively engaged in levying forces in the west of Scotland, and that the Earl of Lanark had already raised a body of 1,000 foot and 500 horse in Clydesdale, among the vassals and dependents of the Hamilton family, and that this force was within 12 miles of Kilsyth.

The echoes of all this emotional fallout were to influence my own falling out with my political school management in this physical life at precisely the same age and exactly synchronous with the timelines as shown in the appendices.

Also I would have my revenge on those Fife units in due course as we shall see, but not before they were to let me down again.

Thus I left camp in hot pursuit after Montrose and those damned Irish regulars and Highland lunatics that had caused both Scotland and me personally so much trouble. This was becoming personal for I do not like being made to look a fool, and so we crossed Stirling bridge site of my ancestor Sir William Wallace’s great victory (1295). But unlike him I was saddled with a dysfunctional army that would not follow orders, a travelling committee of religious fanatics and a political intriguer par excellence in the shape of the malicious Archibald The Red Fox

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Campbell. To compound everything I had a useless bunch of reluctant Fife levies in tow! The whole flying circus a disaster waiting to happen. I was therefore determined to do only as the committee should direct me and complained audibly so that it was duly noted, for I was pre- empting the legal proceedings that I knew would follow should we lose the coming fight. Again had I been more dynamic and assertive then I could possibly have kept a tighter grip and retrieved the situation even at this late stage of the game. But often we are pushed into a tight corner in order to be taught a valuable lesson by the universe. Often one left over from a previous life, which I shall examine in due course. Evidence from my time as an archer for the Black Prince will be hard to find, but campaign details are readily obtainable and I may possibly be able to deduce intuitively the proceeding situation that led to my present 17th Century predicament. Finally we caught up with Montrose at Kilsyth, some 15 miles outside of Glasgow on August 15,1645. It was an uncharacteristically hot day. Montrose was camped on the high ground overlooking the main road where he planned to ambush us as we idly passed by. But not so, forewarned again by my scouts we swung northward off of the road and headed for the high ground hoping to outflank him. I was satisfied with the strategy and began to see a glimmer of hope that we may well despite all the odds triumph. Accordingly I had become engaged again in the situation, but alas not all the regiments recognised my authority or even personage. This being largely my fault due to my overt negative behaviour at taking responsibility, but the die was cast and the situation now took on a life of its own. The veteran officers recognising me did their best to follow my instructions, but certain wayward units did not and precipitated along with the committee interference the disaster that followed. A detailed account of what happened next follows and is recorded in my own words due to the notes made at my tribunal before the Scottish Parliament where I was brought to account for my actions. My cousin Robert Baillie, the famous Scottish Divine, prolific journal writer and rector of Glasgow University recorded this information in his now famous Letters and Journals Volumes I, II and III. Together they make up an invaluable source of first hand evidence to the events of this time for he avidly recorded continuously the major dealings of Scottish affairs both preceding, during and after the Great Civil Wars. An account of the battle follows from the royalist perspective, but it carefully omits the fact that we surprised them by coming over the

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heather and not along the road. Also that our surprise was given away by some of our officers being seen on the skyline before we had made our dispositions. It does however contain a lot of useful detail hence its inclusion:

Having taken his resolution to commit to battle, Montrose made the necessary arrangements for receiving the enemy, by placing his men in the best position that the nature of the ground could afford. In front of his position were several cottages and gardens, of which he took possession. Baillie, seeing the advantageous position chosen by Montrose, would have willingly delayed battle till either the expected reinforcements from the west should arrive, or till Montrose should be induced to become the assailant. But his plans were over-ruled by Argyle and the other members of the committee, who insisted that he should immediately attack Montrose. Accordingly, early in the morning he put his army in motion from Hollandbush, and advanced near Auchinclogh, about two miles to the east of Kilsyth, where he halted. As the ground between him and Montrose was full of quagmires, which effectively prevented Montrose from attacking him in front, he proposed to take up a defensive position without advancing farther, and await an attack. But here again the committee interposed, and when he was in the very act of arranging the stations of his army, they advised him to take a position on a hill on his right, which they considered more suitable. It was in vain that Baillie remonstrated against what he justly considered an imprudent advice, the committee was inexorable in their resolution, and Baillie had no alternative but to obey. In justice, however, to Lord Balcarres, it must be mentioned that he disapproved of the views of the committee. When Montrose saw the covenanting army approach from Hollandbush, he was exceedingly delighted, as, from the excellent state of his army, the courageous bearing of his men, and the advantage of his position, he calculated upon obtaining a decisive victory. This might enable him to advance into England and retrieve the affairs of his sovereign in that kingdom. But while Montrose was thus joyfully anticipating a victory which, he flattered himself, would be crowned with results, the most favourable to the royal cause. An incident occurred which might have proved fatal to his hopes, had he not, with that wonderful self-possession and consummate prudence for which he was so distinguished, turned that very incident to his own advantage. Among the covenanting cavalry was a regiment of cuirassiers, the appearance of whose armour, glittering in the

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sun, struck such terror into Montrose’s horse that they hesitated about engaging with such formidable antagonists. While riding along the line to encourage his men and give the necessary directions, Montrose heard his cavalry muttering among themselves and complaining that they were now for the first time to fight with men clad in iron, whose bodies would be quite impenetrable to their swords. When the terror of a foe has once taken hold of the mind, it can only be sufficiently eradicated by supplanting it with a feeling of contempt for the object of its dread. And no man was better fitted by nature than Montrose for inspiring such a feeling into the minds of his troops. Scarcely had the murmurings of his cavalry broken upon his ears, when he rode up to the head of his cavalry, and (pointing to the cuirassiers) thus addressed his men, “Gentlemen, these are the same men you beat at Alford, that ran away from you at Auldearn, Tippermuir, &c. They are such cowardly rascals that their officers could not bring them to look you in the face till they had clad them in armour; to show our contempt of them we’ll fight them in our shirts.” No sooner had these words been uttered, when, to add to the impression they could not fail to produce, Montrose threw off his coat and waistcoat, and, drawing his sword with the air of a hero, stood before his men. All at once an object of their wonder and a model for their imitation. The effect was instantaneous. The example thus set by Montrose was immediately followed by the whole army, every man stripping himself to his shirt, and the cavalry, partaking in the general enthusiasm, assured themselves of victory. As the day was uncommonly hot and oppressive, the troops found great relief by disburdening themselves of their clothes, and the infantry were, in consequence, enabled to display greater agility in combat. The extraordinary appearance of Montrose’s men after they had parted with their clothes, excited the astonishment of the Covenanters. They could only attribute such a singular preparation for battle to a fixed determina- tion on the part of the royalists to conquer or to die, fearful doubts arose in their minds as to the probable result of the contest in which they were just about to engage. In moving to take up the new position which had been assigned to it by the committee, the utmost disorder prevailed among the covenanting army, which the general was unable to correct. Indeed, so unruly had the troops become, that some regiments, instead of taking the stations assigned to them by the commander, took up, at the suggestion of Argyle, quite different ground, while others, in utter disregard of Baillie’s instructions, actually selected positions for themselves. Thus, at the moment the battle was about to begin, Baillie found all his plans completely overruled, and as he now saw how utterly impossible it would be for him to

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carry any of his contemplated arrangements into effect, he was necessitated to engage Montrose under the most unfavourable circumstances. The covenanting general, however, might have so accommodated himself in the unexpected dilemma in which he had been placed as to have prevented the disastrous result which followed, had not his horse regiments, from an impression that Montrose had begun a retreat, rashly commenced the action before all the infantry had come up, by attempting to carry the cottages and gardens in which the advanced guard of Montrose was placed. Although they made a violent charge, they were as warmly received by Montrose’s musketeers who, being protected by the dikes and enclosures, kept up such a galling fire upon their assailants as to oblige them to retreat with precipitation and some loss. A body of about 1000 Highlanders, who were posted next to Montrose’s advanced guard, became so suddenly elated with this success that, without waiting for orders from Montrose, they immediately ran up that part of the hill where the main body of the covenanting army was posted. Montrose was highly displeased with the Highlanders for this rash act, which seemed to threaten them with instant destruction; but there was no time for remonstrance, and as he saw an absolute necessity for supporting this intrepid body, he stifled his displeasure, and began to consider how he could most effectually afford support. Owing to the tardy advance of the enemy’s rear, it was some little time before the covenanting army attacked this resolute body. At length three troops of horse and a body of about 2,000 foot were seen advancing against them, and in a short time both parties closed upon each other. The Highlanders, as usual, displayed great intrepidity, and firmly maintained their ground; but as it was evident that they could not long withstand the overwhelming force opposed to them, the Earl of Aboyne, who, with a select body of horsemen, had been placed by Montrose at some distance from the main army, taking with him 12 horsemen, rode forward to see if he could render any assistance. Seeing the critical position in which the rash Highlanders were placed, he sent back for the cavalry to advance immediately, at the same time bravely shouting to the few followers that were with him, “Let us go, Monsieurs, and assist these our distressed friends, in so great hazard through the foolish rashness of their commander. We shall, God willing, bring them off, at least in some good order, so as they shall neither be all lost, nor endanger the army by their sudden flight, whereto they may be forced.” He thereupon charged the enemy’s lancers, who, seeing him make such a furious onset, retired to the left, thus putting the foot between themselves and Aboyne. The latter, without halting, charged forward upon

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the foot, until, when within pistol-shot, he perceived them preparing to receive him upon their pikes. He then nimbly turned a little to the left, and charged with such impetuosity and suddenness a regiment of musketeers, that although they received him with three volleys from the three first ranks, he broke right through them, till he came out to where his distressed friends were environed with horse and foot, and so sorely straightened as to be crying out for quarter. His presence caused them to rally, and they took heart as he cried with a lusty voice, “Courage, my hearts, follow me, and let them have one sound charge.” “And this he gives with such brave and invincible resolution, as he breaks, disperses, and discourages both foot and horse, who seek no more to pursue, but strive to retire in order, to the which their commanders often invite them, but in vain.” They got into complete disorder, and began to run for their lives. What had been begun by Aboyne, was completed by the Earl of Airly, who, at the urgent request of Montrose, now came up at the head of the Ogilvies to the assistance of the Highlanders. Montrose had made several ineffectual attempts to induce different parties of his army to volunteer in defence of the brave men who were struggling for their existence within view of their companions in arms. As a final resort, appealed to his trusted friend the Earl of Airly, on behalf of the rash men who had thus exposed themselves to imminent danger. This appeal to the chivalrous feelings of the venerable earl met with a ready and willing response from him, and after stating his readiness to undertake the duty assigned him, he immediately put himself at the head of a troop of his own horse, commanded by Colonel John Ogilvie of Baldavie, who had distinguished himself in the Swedish service, and rode off with great speed towards the enemy. He instantly ordered his squadron to charge the enemy’s horse, who were so closely pressed that they got entangled among the covenanting foot, whom they put into disorder. As soon as Baillie perceived that his horse were falling back, he endeavoured to bring up his reserve to support them; but this body, which consisted chiefly of the Fife militia, became so alarmed at the retreat of the horse, that they immediately abandoned their ranks and fled. On the other hand, the rest of Montrose’s men, encouraged by the success of the Ogilvies, could no longer restrain themselves, and rushing forward upon the enemy with a loud shout, completed the disorder. The wild appearance of the royalists, added to the dreadful yells which they set up, created such a panic among the astonished Covenanters, that, in an instant, and as if by a simultaneous impulse, every man threw away his

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arms, and endeavoured to secure his personal safety by flight. In the general rout which ensued, the covenanting horse, in their anxiety to escape, galloped through the flying foot, and trampled many of their companions in arms almost to death. In the pursuit which followed, Montrose’s men cut down the defenceless Covenanters without mercy, and so great was the carnage, that, out of a body of upwards of 6,000 foot, probably not more than 100 escaped with their lives. The royalists were so intent upon hewing down the unfortunate foot, that a considerable part of the cavalry effected their escape. Some of them, however, in the hurry of their flight, having run unawares into a large morass, called Dullatur bog, now forming a part of the bed of the Forth and Clyde canal, there perished, and, many years afterwards, the bodies of men and horses were dug up from the bog, without any marks of decomposition; and there is a tradition still current, that one man was found upon horseback, fully attired in his military costume, in the very posture in which he had sunk. Very few prisoners were taken, with the exception of Sir William Murray of Blebo, James Arnot, brother to Lord Burleigh, and Colonels Dyce and Wallace and a few other gentlemen, who received quarter. After being well treated by Montrose, they were afterwards released upon parole, all the officers of the covenanting army escaped. Some of them fled to Stirling, and took temporary refuge in the castle; others galloped down to the south shore of the Firth of Forth. Among the latter, Argyle was the most conspicuous, who, according to Bishop Guthry, “never looked over his shoulder until, after 20 miles riding, he reached the South Queensferry, where he possessed himself of a boat again.” Wishart sarcastically observes, that this was the third time that Argyle had “saved himself by means of a boat; and, even then, he did not reckon himself secure till they had weighed anchor and carried the vessel out to sea.” The whole of the baggage, arms, and stores, belonging to the covenanting army were captured by the royalists. The loss on the side of Montrose was, as usual, extremely trifling, amounting, it is said, only to six or eight men, three of whom were Ogilvies, who fell in the charge which decided the fortune of the day.

A somewhat glamorous account lionising Montrose, but certainly accurate for the most part and it does convey the general atmosphere of the disaster well. The battle was therefore lost by the wayward action of a few over enthusiastic officers that became sucked into a losing position. The defeat of the cavalry yet again precipitated events. The highlanders were

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able to come to close quarters due to the falling nature of the ground that protected them from direct fire at medium and long range and the stone walls of the enclosures. There by they were able to remain a cohesive force at the point of impact, which spelt disaster for our musketeers and pikemen. Later halberdiers equipped with helmets, armour and an 8 foot halberd pole axe were used to defend against the highland charge. Eventually the socket bayonet would be used to good effect to allow the musketeers to become their own pikemen, whilst allowing continuous fire up until the point of impact. Something that was not possible with the first plug type bayonets. As with all good military systems from the Romans onwards the tactics of the conquered tribe were put to good use. From the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 onwards the British army used the shock effect of a single volley followed by a bayonet charge to win an Empire. Needless to say the Scottish regiments were among the foremost exponents of this tactic and are still playing their part in the modern British army of today. The final icing on the cake of the disaster was the fleeing on mass of the Fife regiments without even so much as firing a shot or coming to grips with the enemy. They again encouraged their own slaughter by their actions and worse still the slaughter of our good solid veteran units. In hindsight I should have followed the Roman example set by Julius Caesar of using auxiliary troops in the front line in order to soak up punishment and to disrupt the enemy before loosing my veteran legionaries to finish the job. The added bonus being, that should the levies run then they would have been cut down by the veterans! The old adage of, only possible death in front, but certain death behind would have been a marvellous incentive and we would probably have secured a decisive victory. All stuff and nonsense now, but one has to admire the Roman military machine even if one does not particularly like the Romans! But as I tried to whip up support as Jamie had done at Marston Moor I found that those confounded Fife regiments had run away. Soon to be pursued to destruction by the Irish regiments and the battle maddened highlanders. Running to ground an easy target is far easier than taking on disciplined troops. So again although badly cut up our veterans managed to escape the slaughter despite the royalist propaganda to the contrary. I myself had to flee the field crossing Dullatur bog on route where several of the cavalry came to a sticky end. For the bog swallowed them, man and horse, whole. In the 19th century when

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cutting the canal there, several intact horses and men were recovered remarkably well preserved and fully equipped due to the lack of oxygen in the bog. My escape was a close run thing, I finally managed to win through, sheltering overnight at Castle Cary, near Bonnybridge, Falkirk. A fortified tower house belonging to another Baillie cousin at the time. The castle is now owned by Andrew Johnson who is sympathetically restoring it over these past four years. I arrived late at night in February 2005 and sought shelter exactly as Baillie had done except that I had travelled from Aviemore by circumnavigating Loch Ness and then heading down the A9 to Perth before cutting across to Stirling Castle. So I had in fact retraced a large part of this journey of August 1645. It was therefore with an eerie sense of de ja vu that I sat talking with Andrew in the Great Hall until the early hours. Andrew’s web site tells of the ghosts that haunt the castle and one is said to be that of General Baillie lamenting his loss! I can testify to the spooky atmosphere of the castle, but I did not manage to meet myself, which would have been quite a novel quantum event! Next morning I left at 6 a.m. to get to the airport with my daughter Harriet. Again I felt as Baillie did that I was abandoning the castle to its fate and indeed Montrose’s men did set fire to it in annoyance at being cheated of their prey. Luckily it was only the wooded parts that burnt down and the stone tower remained intact. This was added to and extended subsequently as outlined in the appendices. I intend to build a replica model someday for Andrew as a token of recompense for Baillie’s actions. I do so deplore the destruction of property as in William Baillie’s own words earlier. Baillie was therefore extremely sorry to cause his kinfolk such distress. Baillie made for the security of Stirling castle and I made for Edinburgh airport and the security of home in far away Hythe, Kent. My house sits on the top of a hill, the site of the old school of musketry, which together with the Hythe military ranges has served to train soldiers for the British army these past 300 odd years. How fitting then that I should reside in such a place these past 13 years. Reaching Stirling castle I tried to rally the troops and march south. The cavalry somewhat depleted and badly shaken joined me there the next day. But the entire force garrison and cavalry refused point-blank to go anywhere, preferring instead the security and safe of the castle high on its rocky volcanic plug. The committee with Argyll in lead had made for Edinburgh after the disaster and so Montrose marched into Glasgow

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unopposed and triumphant. But his victory was short lived. Immediately the city and half of Scotland declared for the King and Montrose found himself in the position of having to deny his own army their plunder or storm money in lieu. He was now the protector of the King’s people in the Name of the King! A tricky thing politics and so MacColla and his highlanders took off to wage their own war for the MacDonald hegemony in the highlands and islands. He would be chased to ground in Ireland and there killed in battle at Knockmanus near Mallow, November 12, 1647. Major General John Middleton would be recalled from England to harry the rebels in the northeast and Aberdeen and David Leslie would be recalled to deal with Montrose at Philliphaugh in the borders, September 13, 1645. Deserted by the highlanders and now Aboyne who had taken off after one days march south, Montrose was down to only himself and a few cavalry, together with the stalwart remnants of his 3 Irish regiments he was trying to join up with. It was this motley crew that David Leslie surprise and defeat so easily near Selkirk. Montrose betrayed escaped capture, infamously the Irish prisoners taken after a sharp but hopeless firefight in some farm buildings were shot out of hand in cold blood. Leslie covered his tracks by saying that, “He had not promised them quarter” and Montrose showed his quality by refusing to kill his prisoners in retaliation saying, “ Had a general surrendered to a lowly corporal of mine who had promised quarter, I would have honoured that promise.” Such was the ruthless and ugly face of total war that had emerged from what was at first a gentleman’s disagreement. It was inevitable, but sad to lament. Leslie and Middleton were duly handsomely rewarded by a grateful parliament for having been in on the kill after doing none of the chasing - such are the fortunes of war. I suffered the ignominy of a formal political inquest as to my conduct, which I duly answered in full and was exonerated as I had only been following the directions of the committee. I had survived again by the skin of my teeth a political minefield and again my lack of vociferous criticism of Argyll and the committee had let me off the hook. Returning home to Airth castle I was able to watch both Edinburgh and Stirling from a fairly close distance. My military career with the Scots army was far from over and indeed I would regain my generalship of the infantry with the New Modelling that was to happen in 1646 - 47. “That man of blood”, as Cromwell famously termed the wayward Charles Stuart was hunted down and cornered at the siege of Newark

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1646. Charles Stuart surrendered to the Scottish forces that spring with all hope of military defiance gone. For a few paltry pieces of silver (£300 000), never paid, the Scots sold him to the English parliament. He went into house arrest at first, but due to continued conspiracies he was finally confined to Carisbrooke castle on the Isle of Wight. His confinement there was commemorated in a famous political cartoon of the time - The Isle of Wait.

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Chapter Eight

The Engagers

The second civil war of 1648 was a strange affair and never should have been fought at all. Montrose had managed to raise an army some 5000 strong by March 1646 but that was of little consequence as events had shifted their focus to England and the capture of the King at the siege of Newark. Confusion was everywhere as the English parliament attempted to negotiate with “that man of blood” Charles Stuart. I spent the year in limbo staying strictly apolitical in order to keep my head. The year of 1647 was one of great change and uncertainty in Scotland. The army remodelled into 5 regiments of Foote, 2 highland regiments mostly of Campbell loyalists, some independent troops of horse and with the addition of some levies still retained. I was again, because of my professionalism, appointed Lieutenant General of Infantry and life continued in and around Edinburgh and Stirling. Airth castle and Annie with the family were ideally suited betwixt the two. The boys were growing up, young Jamie Baillie was now 18 and had been with a troop of horse since the age of 13. He was now courting Miss Joanna Forrester fourth daughter of Sir George Forrester, Lord Forrester of Corstorphine together with his younger brother William now 14 who was a friend of Lilas the youngest of the five Forrester girls.

Sir George Forrester of Corstorphine The son of Henry, Sir George Forrester of Corstorphine, a man of singular capacity, was by Charles the First, in 1625, created a baronet of Nova Scotia. He was also appointed high sheriff of the shire of Edinburgh, and raised to the peerage of Scotland July 22, 1633, by the title of Lord Forrester of Corstorphine. He married Christian, daughter of Sir William Livingston of Kilsyth, (father of the first viscount of Kilsyth) and had five daughters; but

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having no son, he obtained a new patent, extending the title to James Baillie, younger of Torwoodhead and Letham, (eldest son of the celebrated Lieutenant-General Baillie) who married his lordships fourth daughter, Joanna, and to their heirs male, whom failing, to his brother William Baillie, who married his youngest daughter, Lilias, and their heirs, in the failure of heirs male the title to descend to the heirs female. The surname and arms of Forrester were imposed on the two sons of General Baillie and their heirs by his lordship’s daughters. Domestic life continued amongst the turmoil of troubled times and the Baillie fortunes looked to be on the up with the possibility of marriage into the nobility. My position and standing within the community undoubtedly helped my sons in their suitor-ship. Politically the Scottish parliament was in turmoil the religious fanatics of the Kirk party were at loggerheads with the royalist sympathisers mainly comprising the nobility and some of the burghs. The King incarcerated in England still lived and so became a polarising force to emotions. I was resolutely apolitical and relied on my professionalism, army service record and neutrality to speak for itself. In remaining neutral I did not alienate any one political faction and was thus not a threat. On May 24, 1647 David Leslie finally defeated Alasdair MacColla at Rhunahoarine Point in Kintyre. MacColla fled to Ireland joining in exile his leader Jamie Graham, the Great Montrose who had fled to Holland in 1646. All seemed reasonably calm, but the next storm was about to erupt. On December 26, 1647 the Engagers signed for the King and promised to support any royalist uprising in England. The Scottish government had effectively changed sides and in signing the engagement with Charles I had bargained for the establishment of the Prestbyterian Church as the national religion of England. The army and myself were duty bound to serve the Scottish parliament so we effectively swapped sides on mass now becoming royalist! Although I was not happy with this state of affairs due to Charles’ catholic tendencies, I was reassured by the promise of universal Presbyterianism being established. The New Year brought mobilisation of all the Scottish forces and reports in March of royalist uprisings in England sounded ominous. On May 4, 1648 we mobilised in earnest and marched forth into England led by the Duke of Hamilton. Sandie (Sir Alexander) Hamilton was a political appointee, a favourite of Charles and there by birth not ability. He was however delightful company and a true gentleman. The Hamilton family had long inter-

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married with the Baillies so there was a clan blood tie cementing the relationship, although for me somewhat distant as my stepbrother, not I was the incumbent Sir William Baillie of Lamington. We had elected to march into England via Carlisle in the hope of picking up more royalist forces in the Lancashire area where sympathy for the King was thought to be more pronounced. But the weather was atrocious and the organisation of logistics a nightmare. Far from greeting us the local population were openly hostile and that was a bad omen. I could in point of fact smell disaster a mile off. Spirits rose when our cavalry defeated Colonel John Lambert’s Roundhead cavalry at Stainmore. Famous as the last resting place of Erik Blood Axe, Viking king of York, who died in battle at that lonely spot some several hundred years previous. To me it seemed unnatural that we should be fighting with our own allies of just 4 years previous. Major John Lambert then had done sterling work on Marston Moor field as to make me eternally grateful to him. But this is the very nature of civil war, a war without an enemy for we were all British and a Scottish king sat on an English throne. Loyalties ran with emotions, so far I had been not subject to them, my duty had been clear-cut. This new turn of events was starting to shade my opinions grey. They weren’t quite the enemy and Catholicism lurked at the base of my mind like a festering serpent that needed slaying. For the first time in 48 years I was unsure of my path, a strange predicament for a general. This uneasiness was compounded when Sir Marmaduke Langdale and his hooray henry brigade joined us to continue the march! This again did not sit well in my gullet. As a God fearing protestant soldier of Christ I was forced to break bread with these aristocratic Catholic fops, born of wealth and privilege. I withdrew to the camaraderie of my boys’ - sharing their fires and humble food as well as their forced marches and privations. Our bond became stronger for it. Then came the big battle. Cromwell fresh from crushing uprisings in Pembrokeshire burst onto the scene and combined his force with Lamberts. They haried and chased us into Preston among the rain soaked fields, hedges and muddy roads. The cavalry put up a decent enough scrap on the outskirts as I crossed with the infantry already in the town. The whole debacle was becoming a nightmare. August 17, 1648 - that day in Preston we were fairly beaten by a more efficient God fearing army. Spurred on by zealous religious fervour these long serving veteran volunteers knew what they fought for and it showed. Our poor ill-equipped mud soaked conscripts were no

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match; it was lamentable to see. Like all true Scots with backs against the wall they put up a spirited fight, but it was no contest. Having no where to go and having crossed the Ribble at Preston (4000 Scots and Royalists were captured and 4000 died mainly Langdale’s men in the tail end fight), we were again defeated at Winnick (where a further 2000 Scots surrendered and 1000 died). I then attempted to get my men to hold the bridge at Warrington over the Mersey, but out of the 4000 left to me about half laid down their arms and refused to fight. Most of the others had no ammunition, as the ammunition train was lost and the powder wet. The Marquis of Hamilton instructed me to make the best surrender terms I could and promptly took off with the rest of his fine aristocratic whaa whaa wangers! (Wuperts’ whaa whaa wangers was a nickname we used to call the cavalier cavalry due to the English aristocracy affectation and inability to pronounce the letter “r” and substituting “w” in its place - hurrah becomes hoo whaa!). The Catholic cavaliers had abandoned their own infantry to their fate. Poor bloody infantry echoed through my head, it is always the poor bloody infantry that suffer and die - never the cavalry. This memory would ensure that I would never sign up in a million years for the infantry again in the American Civil War or any other war - lesson learnt! It also accounts for my fascination with Burnside’s bridge at the Battle of Antietam, which was in many respects a carbon copy of my situation in 1648. When I visited there in 1991 my de ja vu experiences in the fast fading evening light were a displaced memory of the events I am at present describing. At Warrington I was down to some bedraggled 2000 men, most of them worse than useless having not eaten for several days, cold wet and miserable and with no powder or shot. My own son Jamie was amongst them, he being an ensign with my regiment of Foote. All I could do was to barricade the bridge at Warrington against the surge of New Model steel that would hurl itself at full tilt momentarily. I was at my all time lowest ebb in fortunes. My soul hung heavy with the responsibility for these 2000 odd souls that looked towards me for direction. The thought of surrender chilled me to the bone. As I knew all too well what surrender really meant. For deep down in my subconscious lay a horrible dark memory of being as a child surrendered to the Roman army, then marched as a slave, humiliated and beaten all the way to the gates of Rome itself. There to be sold as a slave to a wealthy family and subsequently the gladiator schools. Finally made to fight in the

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Coliseum, trident and net in hand. The horrendous mocking, laughing, madness, and blood lust of the crowd, watching men die for entertain- ment in the gore and perversity of the arena. For I had been part of Boudicca’s rebellion of 61AD, a child watching the fight for freedom against the tyranny of Rome. Yes I knew very well what surrender meant, my worst possible nightmare, it was the giant black dragon that lurks in the very pit of my soul. This subconscious memory would adequately explain what was about to happen next. As the barrier was being hotly contested at a push of pikes, my remaining officers entreated me to surrender. In a complete fit of peak, I said to them somewhat melodramatically, “Better to put a bullet from my pistol through my head than surrender - shoot me now!” And with that I held out my loaded pistol to them as a final defiant gesture. They were so stunned at my outburst, that they silently went back to the barricades to continue the hopeless fight and with it the associated loss of life that was inevitable. For no quarter would be given to invading Scots lice ridden vermin as the English saw us. Resisting would only make reprisals far worse and we would all be slaughtered, such was the nature of total war at this stage in the civil warres. It was at this blackest hour that divine providence intervened for Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwell had personally arrived on to the scene to take charge of crushing the final remnant of Scottish resistance. He somehow learnt that I was there in person and called a truce to the proceedings. He then sent officers under a white flag to request a parley with myself in person on the bridge in front of our barricade. I had to agree, looking at my poor wounded and dejected mud splattered and hungry boys. I couldn’t do otherwise but make the best of it for their sake. We had met before at the joyful conclusion of Marston Moor, when as allies we had celebrated our great and noble God given victory. I hoped the Lord General would remember that day and so it was that I met face to face with the great man with a mission and touched by Almighty God to bring these series of terrible civil wars to a close. He was conciliatory from the outset speaking as an old friend, not as a vengeful conquering tyrant. I was put at my ease immediately and he said that he desired only an ending to the spilling of some much blood. For he loved his precious army too and that if we could strike an agreement he would be most grateful as would the otherwise widows of so many of his soldiers that would die if we continued. I was of exact like mind the whole nightmare of old allies fighting

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seemed so earth shatteringly stupid that I too softened, becoming just a human trying to spare suffering in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. It was at this point that I remember saying the following:

“My Lord General t’is a sad passage of events that we should find ourselves here today on opposite sides in this ungodly struggle, when but not four years past the good Lord did grant us as true allies, a great and noble victory, upon the field of Marston Moor. There united and together we vanquished the servants of this tyrant king with his Papist legions and thus began an end to this terrible and unnatural civil war. I am as your honour truly knoweth, but a humble and God-fearing professional soldier from a good Protestant family. And I tell you most plainly Sir, that I would far rather be an honest trooper fighting for what he knoweth to be just and godly in your army. Than to be a sorely abused general officer, misled and beguiled by corrupt papist politicians in our army, such as it is. Where upon I find myself Sir at this juncture in time, solely in charge of this most miserable affair, our aristocracy having fled the field in typical fashion! I therefore commit to your Lordship’s mercy the remnant of that which was once a proud and serviceable God fearing Protestant army, that upon Marston Moor field did some good and humble service in the name of our Lord of Hosts. For I fear Sir, that we have been sorely led astray by our political masters and such diverse elements of Catholic plotters and conspirators as does infest our Parliament. I therefore offer you my sword Sir, as a token of our solem capitulation in this matter”

I was well aware that this pretty little speech would make or break our relationship and as such the lives of some 2000 men including my own and that of my son hung on it. I had carefully reminded Cromwell of our former friendship and of our great victory. I had invoked the power of the Lord of Hosts, admitted that I had been led astray by Catholic Royalist plotters (always a good move!) and I had in contrition offered my sword to the only man that I deemed of Godly worth in this most desperate hour amidst a sea of blood. Cromwell always responded to honesty and humbleness as he saw himself as merely an instrument of the Lord in settling the dishonest and unholy affairs of these kingdoms that had led men astray. He saw himself as clearly selected by God to bring about a golden age, especially after his

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miraculous conversion to religion in his younger days. Suffering from acute depression and after several years of trials and tribulation he had thought that God had forsaken him. But at a miraculous sermon preached on the Trials of Job Cromwell identified that as with Job the Lord had marked him out as special and that he was therefore somehow destined for high office and a position in which to carry out the Lord’s work. This fervent conviction carried him through all things unscathed apart from minor wounding, including that most hazardous place of all, the battlefield. The phrase Cromwell oft used, “Give me a russet coated soldier who knows what he fights for etc.” Sat well with my speech. Either knowingly or unknowingly I had said exactly the right thing in order to engender empathy with the great man and under scored the point of what I was trying to say on the bridge at Warrington on that dark and wind swept night. Certainly that phrase is ever present in my head at the mention of Cromwell. A war weary, but triumphant Cromwell looked into my eyes, smiled as a comrade not a conqueror and said, “Baillie my old friend, this is what we shall do in order to spare further blood shed.” He then outlined his agreed terms as to civil usage and quarter for my men, if I could get them to lay down their arms without further bloodshed. Our colours would be surrendered as trophies of war to keep the English Parliament happy and the young conscripts would be allowed to freely march back to Scotland. But the older hardened volunteers and veterans would have to be transported to the colonies in Virginia, Barbados and the Caribbean as was standard English policy. I didn’t have to think long, for it was a far better fate than an ignominious death in an unnamed rain lashed sodden field, somewhere in the God forsaken north west of England, so I agreed and with that I had fulfilled Hamilton’s last order to the letter. What would become of me? Cromwell outlined his terms, I would surrender myself on pain of death not to escape back to Scotland and serve as a trooper by his side until further notice. It was a deal that met with my approval mainly because I had suggested it! So together we knelt in prayer to thank the good Lord that we as his humble instruments had been able to spare such suffering that would have followed had we not struck an accord. I personally was much relieved and quietly pleased with the outcome. For I had personally tendered my services to the other side, disgusted as I was with the whole cavalier

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attitude of our leaders and politicians. I had also personally survived with my head still attached to my body and not affixed to a pike outside the Tower of London! Our lack of supplies, gross inefficiency and the relentless pressure of having to perform miracles under extreme duress had all taken their toll. The corrupt political harassment and meddling by ministers, civilians, committees and politicians who knew nothing of the martial art of war had precipitated the military mistakes of Alford and Kilsyth, which would be attached to my name for all time. To compound that Preston would be now added to that list of my military failures. But here was a man I could identify with 100%. An honest yeoman from middle England that had risen by ability rather than birth. A contemporary age wise and someone who I could identify had many of the qualities I prized in myself. Cromwell was the man of the moment, cometh the hour cometh the man, never was this more true than with Oliver Cromwell. No, I was genuinely pleased to become a simple trooper who knows what he fights for. To shed that burden of responsibility for the lives and welfare for so many souls was a great relief. It was a great weight lifted from my shoulders and Cromwell with his charisma, power and divine authority had delivered it. My affection and love for that archetypal honest Englishman was emotionally overwhelming. He truly was the man, touched by Almighty God, sent to deliver this nation from the corruption and tyranny that beset it in its darkest hour. And I was now his soldier. I clambered back over the barricade and informed my somewhat officers of the deal done. Their relief was palpable and there were sighs all around, for they knew that they were staring death in the face should we continue. Yet as canny Scots they were won’t to fight another day, rather than die were they stood for no good reason. The boys therefore didn’t take much persuading to throw down their arms. We surrendered our colours the next day and a proper inventory was taken. I kept my own Colonel’s colour of my regiment hidden about my person and then surrendered only the first, third and fifth colour of my own Lieutenant General William Baillie’s regiment. The irony was that I was surrendering to the black flags with St. George’s crosses in the cantons of Colonel Thomas Rainsborough’s regiment. In my physical life immediately preceding that William Baillie’s, I had served with the Black Prince’s household as an archer under the exact same banners! Such is the universal sense of humour when it comes to teaching us all

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meaningful lessons. Colonel Thomas Rainsborough was another officer of conviction and was most noted for his support of the Levellers within the army. This faction of radicals wished to abolish all property and were true socialists ahead of their time. Unfortunately for them Colonel Rainsborough was killed under suspicious circumstances whilst attending the siege of Pontefract castle, that held out to March of 1649 after the King’s death. It was said that this had occurred as the result of a bungled kidnap attempt. Cromwell was to quell the Levellers and restore discipline within the New Model in a famous action resulting in a fast and furious ride to where trouble was brewing and only after shooting 3 of their number who were ring leaders. My son Jamie had accompanied me on this mad debacle. He was a strong headed 19 year old and an ardent Royalist, a fact I had to keep hidden for obvious reasons in order to secure his freedom. He had been with Dalhousie’s cavalry since he was 13, a true ruyter like is father and he had been relatively safe. His mother could not keep him at home so I had found him a relatively safe posting out of harms way, but this time he had insisted on accompanying me as an ensign to our regiment. Now he like me was surrendered. Being a young lad I persuaded the surrendering authorities that he was just a misguided conscript and that he should be sent home to his mother, Anneke. I therefore wrote him a letter to convey my loving greetings to her, my bonnie Nederlandse engel. He left a week later to return home to Torwood castle, Letham. It was a sad parting, the countryside was extremely hostile, Cromwell had to issue passes to his own men lest they be set upon by the local country folk! Seeing the depth of feeling and anti-royalist sentiment, I was convinced that I had done the right thing by surrendering. As far as Jamie and my fellow officers knew I had gone into captivity, too valuable a prisoner to be let go. This story I wanted to be public knowledge as I did not in my heart of hearts want to be labelled a traitor, having voluntarily changed sides. Hamilton was captured at Uttoxeter with the cavalry on August 25, 1648. He was executed along with a number of other leading members of the uprising, beheaded in London as befits a member of the aristocracy. Hanging was reserved for base folk the ultimate dishonour, as Montrose, Hurry (who would change sides again to join Montrose!) and others unfortunately would find out soon enough. I had escaped with my neck intact and had obtained the best deal for my fellow officers and men. Quite and achievement for those times, but as my friend in this life Mervyn often says when referring to

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the Nazi rocket scientists such as Werner von Braun, “You never kill what is of use to you!” And so Cromwell’s compassion in sparing the life of a good honest soldier would pay handsome dividends at another time and place in the near future.

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Chapter Nine

To Kill a King

I now followed my Lord General Cromwell. I was accorded no special privileges and neither did I want any. I was content to follow the drum with my horse and armour as a simple russet coated trooper, much as I had done with General Åke Tott 18 years previously. Handsome is as handsome does, so I would win the respect of my fellow troopers through honest toil, bravery, hard work and loyalty. This sat very well with the egalitarian ethos of the New Model Army. I was pleased to meet Black Tom in London and we reminisced about Marston Moor, he shared tales of his rôle at Naseby a year later and he was most cordial. His soft spot for us Scots would ultimately determine his refusal to lead the New Model against Scotland further down the line. In fact the whole atmosphere in London was one of positive determinism. I was assigned to Captain Owen Cambridge’s Troop of Sir Philip Twisleton’s regiment of horse. A veteran unit of good standing within the New Model. Our cornet (flag) bore the Latin motto, Pro pace et veritate - For peace and truth, a sentiment I agreed wholeheartedly with and would have no trouble supporting. My own personal motto in this present life is, Ad lumen et veritatem - Towards light and truth, which I designed for myself (and for the East Kent UFO Research Unit of which I was scientific consultant 1994 - 2001). It uses the light part as an acknowledgement to the various Baillie mottoes and the veritatem came spontaneously from out of the depths of my subconscious memory in 1995. I was puzzled at the time about the grammatical spelling of truth and I distinctly remember consulting the Reverend Richard Wood, our Latin master at school as to whether I had it right or not? He confirmed that it was sound as far as he knew and I now realise that this confusion came about because of the subconscious remembrance of the

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troop motto from 1648. The name Cambridge, which I remember in association with Cromwell was not the place as I had assumed, but our troop commander, Captain Cambridge! Thus identifying which regiment I had joined in 1648 was not a problem. My fellow troopers although initially wary of me began to accept me as they saw my earnest endeavours on a daily basis. Affairs in London were reaching fever pitch as the English Parliament debated on what to do with that man of blood Charles Stuart? We spent most of our time on policing duties protecting the members from the street mob and generally keeping order in the city. Civil war had broken out in Scotland in early September as the Kirk party seized Edinburgh and Stirling. The pro-royalist Engagers recaptured Stirling on the 12th, but due to the threatened intervention by Cromwell and the English Parliament both sides agreed to disband. Leaving the Kirk party in power as Cromwell favoured the side of the righteous! Cromwell was then welcomed into Edinburgh as a saviour. In London I heard only fleeting rumours as to these affairs and concentrated on plain honest soldiering. It was during this time that I diverted myself by taking in several of Mr Shakespeare’s excellent plays. The immortal bard had only passed away in 1616 when I was but a lad of 16 myself, but his plays lived on and were ever popular. I particularly had a passion for Henry V, which stirred subconscious memories of serving in France during medieval times as an English archer. Matters came to a head at the end of the year, as it became clear that Parliament, at a loss for what to do would put the King on trial in January. The matter was already decided the rumour was that he had to go and most of the New Model would say Amen to that. For he had caused more than his fair share of trouble for both his Kingdom and its people. The King’s famous refusal to acknowledge the courts authority did not save him. The Scottish view of Kingship is far more Celtic in origin, the King being merely a first among equals and as such clearly held accountable even to the point of dismissal or otherwise. This misunder- standing would lead in due course to the English Parliament falling out with the Scottish Parliament in 1650. But for now the final nail in the King’s coffin was being presented. Letters asking for Catholic support, from Ireland of all places, to continue this unhappy civil war on his own people were laid before Parliament. This was enough, it was a fait accompli. The verdict was death by the headsman’s axe. Cromwell himself had to force many of the judges to sign the Death Warrant, his

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mind was resolute and unwavering. A thought unthinkable just those seven years previous at the start of the conflict, for even the Covenanting Scots had marched under banners bearing the motto, Covenant for Religion, King and Kingdomes. Now the English were to do the unthinkable and execute the anointed King! We were told to prepare for trouble as the day dawned for Charles to meet his executioner. Troopers patrolled and lined the streets everywhere. London was a city under martial law. On that fateful day January 30, 1649 Charles Stuart King of England, Scotland and Ireland was led to the scaffold in Whitehall, where he was unceremoni- ously put to death by the headsman’s axe. A groan of disbelief rose up from the crowd as the head fell. There was no cheering just a stunned vacuum of silence. I had witnessed many violent acts in my career as a soldier, especially in the horrors of Germany, but this was something far, far different. A momentous act that would change history, the death of a monarch that had been at the centre of affairs for so long. Not one to be put aside from his mission Cromwell determined that we should teach the Irish a lesson that they would never forget. God’s wrath with fire and sword would come down upon them and Oliver Cromwell would be God’s instrument of vengeance. It would be the 17th century equivalent of a tactical nuclear weapon one blast so terrible as to settle things and prevent further bloodshed. I see parallels at present with the US led invasion of Iraq and the way excesses were carried out by the over zealous troops caught in the spirit of the moment. Driven on by a philosophy handed down from their superiors. It was thus with the Irish expedition of 1649. I had honestly hoped that I was not part of this, but my subconscious memories tell me otherwise. I was 12, when at school in an English précis lesson I was to read a passage about Cromwell in Ireland. The single word Drogheda leapt from the page and hit my conscious mind with such force as to make the whole incident memorable. I read the account of how even the potato crop was burnt, but of course the tubers survived underground. I can remember clearly as I condensed it to one third of its size in words. I was transfixed by the information. The subconscious memory jolt was so powerful that even after 40 years I can remember every word of the passage read that day. William Baillie in Ireland, what a terrible thought! With the atrocities that happened there blocked off safely, until now with the raising of consciousness happening as we approach the Mayan end of

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time date of 2012. This really is self-judgement day, everything has to come out and be held up for scrutiny as ones actions throughout the present cycle of time are justified. This is the process happening right now throughout humanity. Just as the atrocities committed in the name of the Black Prince in the south west of France and those of the Coliseum in Rome they had been safely blocked off from my conscious mind until 2004. But owning our own negativity is what this process is all about. Bringing it to the surface so that we can heal, become whole and finally resolve the trauma inflicted. My thanks go to Dr Christine Page who facilitated this process with her talk at Glastonbury in 2004 - owning ones own negativity - was the finally key that turned the lock and open the door to my complete set of memories for this present time cycle. I cannot stress the importance of this too much to readers. The Irish expedition also makes sense of the next Baillie incarnation, being born a Kell on February 23, 1828 at Laurel grove, Darien, Georgia, with an Irish name and yet with a father that he never knew. The enigma hung over him/me for his whole life and was compounded by his falling briefly in love and getting engaged to an Irish Catholic girl by the name of Mary Sullivan. Finally to be resolved in this present life when meeting Rosie Lagrue (née Rose-Mary O’Sullivan) and merging schools with a Roman Catholic Convent in 1997. All this makes complete sense in retrospect. A divine plan, unquestionably teaching the most profound lesson of all, that we have to love one another. For the greatest commandment from our Lord Jesus was, “Love God and love one another.” My own father may well have had the memory of William Baillie’s son Jamie for reasons that will be explained in part two of this book. He was a soldier for 14 years with the Royal Ulster Rifles (1924 to 1938) and boxed under the name of “The Irish Boy.” Three years of that service was spent in Belfast. Rosie’s memorable utter of despair at seeing The General manifest himself in my subconscious memory paintings is unforgettable. Yet that is what makes all of this process real, we must embrace our negativity other wise we are on a false path to nowhere. Her memory is of a similar time and of events so terrible that it changed our working relationship instantly. I can only hope that in some small way this chapter goes towards healing that memory. The events at Drogheda were to leave a stain on Cromwell’s reputation. A stain that still rankles and rouses heated emotion with any Irishman or woman even today some 350 years later. Such was the

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power of that event that left such memorable scarring on the fabric of time and space. The Irish campaign over we returned to London at the close of 1649. Unbeknown to me my own fervent royalist son Jamie and his younger brother William were courting the girls next door in Torwoodhead and Letham. They were two of some five daughters, born to Sir George Forrester of Corstorphine. On December 15, 1649 Joanna and Jamie Baillie, now just 20 years of age wed. So too did Lilas and William shortly after. The dream of securing a good marriage for my boys had been realised under the auspices of my Dutch wife, at home in Letham, near Stirling. But at the cost of their having to sacrifice their historic surname and adopting the name Forrester. A brief history of their lives and misadventures follows:

The Rise and Fall of Jamie Baillie The son of Henry, Sir George Forrester of Corstorphine, a man of singular capacity, was by Charles the First, in 1625, created a baronet of Nova Scotia. He was also appointed high sheriff of the shire of Edinburgh, and raised to the peerage of Scotland July 22, 1633, by the title of Lord Forrester of Corstorphine. He married Christian, daughter of Sir William Livingston of Kilsyth, (father of the first viscount of Kilsyth) and had five daughters; but having no son, he obtained a new patent, extending the title to James Baillie, younger of Torwoodhead and Letham, (eldest son of the celebrated Lieutenant-general Baillie) who married his lordships fourth daughter, Joanna, and to their heirs male, whom failing, to his brother William Baillie, who married his youngest daughter, Lilias, and their heirs, in the failure of heirs male the title to descend to the heirs female. The surname and arms of Forrester were imposed on the two sons of General Baillie and their heirs by his lordship’s daughters. In virtue of this new patent, on the death of the first lord, 23d April 1654, his son in law, James Baillie, of Torwoodhead and Letham, born 29th October 1629, became second Lord Forrester. He signalized himself by his ardent loyalty, and one occasion, as related by Nicol in his Diary, while Cromwell’s soldiers were in Edinburgh, his lordship caused a proclamation to be affixed on the close heads and other public places of that city, calling on all persons residing in Mid Lothian to put forth horse according to their rents for the king’s army. In 1654 he was fined by Cromwell’s act of grace and indemnity £2,500 sterling, and his estate was overrun and pillaged by the English troops. His affairs, in consequence, became much involved, and

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his rents being attached by his numerous creditors, he gave himself up to dissipation, frequently spending whole days drinking in an alehouse in the village of Corstorphine. [New Stat. Acc. vol. i. p. 212] On the 26th August he was murdered in his own garden by Christian Hamilton, the wife of James Nimmo, a merchant of Edinburgh, the daughter of Andrew Hamilton of Grange, by his wife the elder sister of Lady Forrester. She was, therefore, the grand-daughter of the first Lord Forrester, and niece by marriage, of her victim the second lord. With this woman he had carried on an intrigue, and on the day mentioned she arrived at Corstorphine castle, and learning that he was at the alehouse, she was on her way to it, when they met near the Pigeon-house, to the east of the castle, and a quarrel ensuing, she, being of violent temper, stabbed him with his own sword. She was tried for the crime on 28th August, and being found guilty, was sentenced to be executed. She made her escape out of Edinburgh prison, 29th September, in male attire, but was retaken next day, and beheaded at the cross of Edinburgh 12th November, 1679. She is said to have usually carried a sword beneath her gown. [Fountainhall’s Decisions of he Court of Sessions, vol. i. p. 56] A full account of this tragic event is given in a foot note to page 182 of Kirkton’s History of the Church of Scotland, edited by Mr. Kirkpatrick Sharpe. It is there incorrectly stated however, that Lord Forrester was a presbyterian zealot, and had erected a meeting-house near Edinburgh, after Indulgence granted in 1672. On the contrary, his lordship was an episcopalian, and both set at defiance the orders of the presbytery, and urged the minister of Corstorphine to obtain lists of the nonconformists, with the view of enforcing the laws against them. By his wife Joanna, his lordship had one son, William, who died in infancy. He married, a second time, Lady Jean Ruthven, 2nd daughter of Patrick earl of Forth and Brentford, by whom he had five children, who all took the name Ruthven. The succession of title of Lord Forrester, according to the destinations of the new patent, being limited to his issue and heirs by his first wife, his brother William, became third lord, but did not assume the title, and died May 1681, in his 49th year. William’s only son by his wife Lilias Forrester, also named William, succeeded as fourth lord, and on 31st August 1698, he presented to the parliament of Scotland the patent in favour of the deceased James, Lord Forrester, and his heirs, requesting that it might be recorded, which was accordingly done. It is stated in the New Statistical of Scotland, that William Lord Forrester having quarrelled with Mr George Henry, the

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minister of Corstorphine, who had presented to that parish by the second Lord Forrester, during the prevalency of episcopacy, prevented tenants from attending church, advising them, rather, to go to the meeting-houses of the presbyterians, and this because Mr Henry had demanded payment of some money which he had lent his lordship. This Mr Henry was expelled at the Revolution for refusing to proclaim William and Mary. His lordship died in 1705. He had, with four daughters, six sons, namely, Andrew, who died in infancy; George, who became fifth lord; William, who died young; another Andrew, a major of the horse-guards; James, an officer in the navy; and John, captain R.N., whose only son, William succeeded as sixth lord. The family estate had by this time become deeply involved in debt, and the whole encumbrances having been by Hugh Wallace of Inglistown, writer to the signet, accumulated in his person, on 19th December 1679, this gentleman obtained a charter under the great seal, of the barony of Corstorphine, and his title was ratified by Lord Forrester in November 1698. The family of Forrester appear to have resided at Corstorphine castle up to this time. In 1701, the estate was sold to Sir Robert Dickson of Sornebeg, whose son in 1703 again sold it to Sir James Dick of Prestonfield, in whose family it still remains. [New Stat. Acc. vol. i. p. 213]

Such was the colourful life my boys would lead! In far away London I was in effect on another planet and as such unaware of the proceedings north of the border. Had I known I would have been pleased and wished that I could have attended the ceremony as the proud father. I think I would even have approved of the name change, certainly my reputation as a Lieutenant general had secured the marriage into nobility. I was celebrated! Had they known the truth that I was now serving as a trooper in the ranks of the English, I think I would rather have been the spectre at the feast! Blissfully they were unaware and ignorance for the present was bliss. Interestingly Andrew Johnson present owner of Castle Cary near Bonnybridge has links with the Livingston family so it may not be so much of a coincidence that he finds himself guardian of a castle that once belonged to the Baillie’s? The parallels with my own father’s life are inescapable and it truly was a reversal of rôles this lifetime. He died in my 21st year and missed my wedding. I shared a bond with him that was so deep as could only be explained by the fact that he was my son in a previous existence. I

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have never felt the same for any other human. This compounded by the fact that I had not known my father in my previous American Civil War existence and that my father this life had not known his, being orphaned as he was by his fourth birthday. My father like William Baillie disappeared suddenly out of my life, knowing that I was to marry. Eerie parallels across time pervade all the timelines that link us all together. For we as souls interlace many patterns across time and space, there are many threads to pick up in the tapestry of life on a grand scale. Certainly my father’s unexpected references as to the virtues of a constitutional monarchy now make complete sense when viewed in the above context! William Baillie never saw his son wed, but he would return to Scotland in an unexpected manner. The events of 1650 and the Third civil war would see the culmination of his/my revenge on those wayward regiments from Fife, the ones that had let me down so badly at Alford and Kilsyth some five years previous. They had cost me my reputation as a winning general and they would pay for that! It would also see the wounding and saving of an old friend in the process, which would cause a karmic link of profound proportions to be forged that would be recognised dramatically in this present life with great affection.

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Chapter Ten

Dunbar

The events of this momentous year bring us up to date in age with syn- chronicity, for 2004 was my 50th year and 1650 was William Baillie’s 50th year. I knew from the timelines that synchronicity was at work and I had successfully mapped events that coincided for the previous three years. I was also well aware that my career in education in this life was the equivalent of William Baillie’s life as a soldier in the 1600s, with a very precise two-month retrospective delay (September in his life would equate with November in mine). My life was in fact a fractal microcosm of his, together with the super imposition of Alexander Baillie Kell’s life pattern on top (I now recognise all previous 9 life memory patterns as occurring synchronously within this a 10th physical life). It was the glitch in the total synchronicity of the Baillie/Baillie Kell timeline that would give me the clue that there was another pattern operating beneath it. That pattern match turned out to be my time in Germany, which was exactly synchronous with William Baillie’s time in Germany. I had even been in the same geographical locations with the same time synchronic- ity; such is the precise nature of this amazing universal construct mechanism. Totally synchronous events had occurred way back even before I knew about “him” and the same face, same memory connection. We were parallel life cosmic time twins, aspects of one consciousness manifest at different points in time and space, but incredibly I would find myself at the same geographical space synchronous with physical age. The analogy I now use to describe this is that if we imagine 10 trains setting out at the same time on parallel tracks to each other. As one train experiences an emotional event that event is transmitted to the other 9 trains at the same point of time into the journey. Exact same or similar situations

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may arise at the exact same time into each journey, so that we may have a second chance to learn from the experience often from another point of view. We even find ourselves in the exact same geographical position on the surface of the planet! This facilitates a feeling of de ja vu that compounds the experience. But in reality it is our subconscious mind that has led us to that point in physical time and space so that the experience may be rectified or healed. The conscious mind is often mystified or mildly amused by the supposed coincidence, yet it has no clue of the subconscious dance of souls that it is partaking in. This seems to be a deliberate mechanism to inhibit the conscious mind screwing up the cosmic dance! This often happens with me, as soon as I consciously try to dance I trip over with my own ineptitude! The conscious mind is acting as a RAM (Random Access Memory) memory store and the subconscious mind is acting as the long term ROM (Read Only Memory) memory store - the computer analogy works very well. Upon point of physical death the RAM memory store is processed and becomes ROM memory, this may well be the experience of ones whole life flashing before ones eyes as often described by near death experience (NDE) experience-rs? Upon the execution of Charles I January 30, 1649 the Scots had proclaimed his eldest son Charles II the rightful King of both Kingdoms and Ireland. This unsettled the English Parliament as it posed a threat to their authority and all that had been fought for. But due to Charles II being in exile in Antwerp, Belgium they were not unduly worried for the moment and the more pressing political issues of Catholic Ireland held sway. The English government has throughout history always been worried by the possible threat of invasion through the back door of Ireland. This has been ever present in the mind politic even up until the present day and has been largely the cause of all Ireland’s woes and tribulations. Having sorted out the Irish problem the eyes of Cromwell and the English Parliament turned north of the border. The failure of the English to understand the Scottish concept of monarchy as already describe previously, would lead to a disastrous falling out between the kingdoms. The war that should never have happened - happened. Black Tom Fairfax refused leadership of the New Model Army in June of that year of 1650, for the very reason of not wishing to march against former allies, many of whom, like me had stood with him at Marston Moor to bring a parliamentary victory. Such was the depth of feeling forged

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between comrades in arms. He had also quite wisely refused to have anything to do with the execution of Charles I, although he let his wife voice his opinion and so he retired from public life to his estates at Bilborough, in Yorkshire. I was most saddened on his departure, as I had loved every single black curly hair on old Black Tom’s head - God bless him! For he was a dynamic a charismatic leader and a hero. He still bore the livid scar on his face from a sword cut that he had received in the line of duty showing that he was no armchair general. For he shared the common dangers of every last soldier in his army. Like a giant theatre the whole play of events that year would be set into motion by a seemingly trivial event in the far off wings. For on March 23, 1650 that royalist paladin supreme Sir James Graham, Marquis of Montrose landed at Kirkwall in Orkney with a rag tag mercenary army. Jamie Graham had been given the task of raising the Highlands for Charles II. Commission in hand he had assembled a small force of dubious quality to assist him. Alarm bells started to ring in Edinburgh and to some degree in far off London, but even though Montrose’s legend preceded him things would be far from easy. For Montrose was trying to recruit from the very men he had beaten and ill abused not 5 years previous. Combined with the excesses of plunder and rapine that his band of highlanders where famous for, enthusiasm for his cause was not understandably forthcoming. His demise would follow in short order. The old contemporary rhyme as recorded by a one Thomas Pennant says it all;

“If ye with Montrose gae, ye’ll get sick wae enough If ye with Lord Lewis gae, ye’ll get rob an reave enough”

Hard marches and lack of food do not make for keen soldiers and to cap it all Sir John Hurry the very commander that he had beaten at Auldern 1645, had changed sides again and was now his royalist Lieutenant and commander of his cavalry! Such was the duplicitous nature of the civil wars by now and I include myself in that, for I had joined with the English. Further more I was now happily and most enthusiastically serving with my new found comrades. Ever loyal to my employer and with the added bonus that through Cromwell, I was assisting with God’s work on earth - praise the Lord! In late April David Leslie assembled the Scottish army at Brechin in preparation for the expected threat. But two days later a small hastily

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assembled force led by Colonel Archibald Strachan, a professional soldier of some ability and a devout Christian, trumped everybody by successfully ambushing and capturing Montrose at Carbisdale on the Dornoch Firth, just north of Inverness. Montrose and Hurry were then executed by hanging in Edinburgh, with acute irony, by the very men that supported Charles II. In a stroke the threat evaporated and vanished into thin air. Reading now of Strachan’s mini campaign and decisive battle I am most impressed with his handling of the whole affair. Text book stuff, Colonel Strachan - well done! I would meet him later, face to face on Dunbar battlefield and yet later on due to his pious nature and God’s help he would like me change sides and join the English New Model Army! This is a powerful testament to the religious feelings that motivated William Baillie in joining with Cromwell. Duty to the Lord was a higher priority than even country and family. There really was a genuine feeling that we were trying to create a new and better world; to bring about God’s kingdom on earth and a new golden age. Cromwell shared that vision and was fervent in its prosecution. This was an army not motivated by selfish greed, lust and plunder, but by morality and high ideals. The creation of the New Jerusalem in England’s green and pleasant land as visualised by William Blake some hundred years after these events being described. The kernel of that concept was born with what we were trying to do amongst the ashes, misery and destruction of a terrible set of civil wars. At the beginning of the year I had been summoned to the English Parliament to give my assessment of the strength and weaknesses of the Scottish army and its political masters. I was privileged to enter that sacred centre of democracy and be of some service to its continuance. For Cromwell had spared my life with very good reason. I was the one man that had an overall and detailed knowledge of the whole possible threat on England’s doorstep. I was the key to English success and Cromwell, ever the able strategist knew that and kept me in his pocket. For my part I was happy to comply as I now could envision the mighty purpose of the new nation that had been forged in the midst of the heat and fires of these terrible civil wars. I was then able to deliver my personal opinion of the Scottish parliament and especially that two faced malevolent piece of duplicity known as Archibald The Red Fox Campbell, Marquis of Argyll who held that parliament in his grip. I spared no blushes and pulled no punches as to my shabby

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treatment at the hands of the Travelling Committee of Estates and the Campbell himself for they had left bitter scars. The time for my revenge was approaching fast. Now, I am a just and fair person capable of forgiving, but not forgetting and I also have a very, very long memory. It was pay back time and General Baillie was about to kick ass, as our American cousins would say, big-time! Cromwell was impressed with his investment, which had started to pay dividends. I had not only affirmed my personal allegiance to his good self, but to the great cause in which he was earnestly engaged.

On April 2, 2004 by a strange coincidence of synchronicity, my family and I were invited to the House of Lords, by my publisher David Pearman and his Patron Lord St John of Bletso. I was to find myself in exactly the same place, at exactly the same age, as William Baillie was in February of 1650 and due to my timeline data I consciously knew of it! I therefore decided to emphasise the link by wearing my family kilt. Thereby affirming my Scottish link for the occasion. I had my picture taken in front of Cromwell’s statue by my daughter to further consciously emphasise the point of this auspicious appointment with destiny. It was an example of living “super self awareness,” history in action! After a delightful English tea party, speeches and photographs, our dashing courtier Lord St John gave the assembled authors a guided tour of the Palace of Westminster. As author number one of David’s UPSO empire, I felt in an extremely privileged position. I had also contributed to the fulfilment of my own synchronicity of time prophecy, which with David’s help was being precisely enacted out on cue. Two previous attempts to hold the tea party were cancelled for various reasons, but when the time was right it happened. I smiled as I felt the de ja vu hit me in the original House of Commons behind Cromwell’s statue. I was further captivated by the awe inspiring Victorian grandeur and sheer sense of English history displayed all around me. The large decorative murals of scenes from 2000 years of English history spin a magnificent tale of our beautiful islands and serve as a constant reminder to the Members of Parliament of their sacred trust and heritage. My eye was particularly caught in a narrow corridor as we approached the Chamber of the House of Commons, by the scene of the execution of Jamie Graham in Edinburgh May 21,1650. For he was hung alongside Sir John Hurry for treasonous rebellion against the peoples’ and Parliament of Scotland. A bizarre twist of events, considering that he was carrying a warranted commission from Charles II. Adjacent was a scene depicting the Restoration of King Charles

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II in 1660 with Sir George Monck, who would play a large part in the coming affairs of Scotland over the next 10 years. He would oversee the eventual successful restoration of Stuart monarchy to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland. I would be friends and enemies with him too, as he was another Royalist, turned Roundhead, turned Royalist! For we would clash on the high seas in 1652 to 1654, during the First Anglo-Dutch war. We would both find ourselves as Generals’ at sea, commanding gun crews on opposite sides; George Monck for the English and me/William Baillie for the Dutch.

War could still have been averted had the two Parliaments sat down and talked through their differences and ideologies. But historical events as ever had a momentum of there own and on June 23, 1650 Charles II signed the Covenant and was finally allowed to set foot on Scottish soil at Garmouth just north east of Elgin below the Moray Firth. The Scottish Parliament with the backing of the Kirk party would embrace their king in return for his setting up a Presbyterian Religious Theocracy throughout the Kingdoms. The die was cast. On June 25, mobilisation of the Scottish army occurred and on 26th, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord General of the New Model Army. It would be war, a third civil war between two former allies. Cromwell would raise high the sword of Gideon and smite a mighty blow for the Lord of Hosts. As God’s instrument on earth he would bring about his kingdom on earth. Such was the mindset of our leader and it must be said the majority of the army. Fervent religious volunteers all, an unstoppable forces in scarlet uniforms. I would find myself caught up in the furore and returning back to my native Scotland in a manner that I could not have possibly imagined just two short years previous. I rode north with my troop of horse under our Colonel Sir Philip Twisleton and my troop commander Captain Owen Cambridge. The English New Model Army assembled at Berwick on July 19, 1650 and Cromwell crossed the border into Scotland three days later on July 22. It had begun. We marched to Edinburgh, but the well-prepared defensive lines stretching to Leith halted us. David Leslie and the Earl of Leven now 70 years of age had not been idle. I was marching against my own men, a strange feeling indeed. I contented my disquieted mind with thoughts that these were new conscripts and not my boys. If any of my officer friends were there, how would they react to find me on the opposite side? I had a lot of respect for the venerable Earl of Leven and

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little David Leslie too, but would they for me if I was found out? I would have to remain a shady figure for the health and safety of my family ensconced in nearby Airth castle blissfully unaware that their beloved husband and father was serving with the enemy just a few miles east - t’was a hard thing to stomach. Cromwell had no joy and was beaten at every turn by the canny Scots. The summer was hot and disease rife as numbers became depleted. Frustrated beyond measure Cromwell seethed. His view of events as we headed towards the end of August was one bordering on abject failure. Yet he never let on to the men, ever cheering them on and exalting them to do their duty to God. I knew his burden as I had shouldered it often enough when in command. He was responsible for some 10 000 souls and that weighed heavily on him as he thrashed about searching for options. The army retired to Dunbar at the end of August beginning of September, but only to find that a Scottish brigade had blocked the road to Berwick on the 1st of the month. The whole Scots army sensing the closing of their canny trap marched to take up position on Doon Hill by September 2, thus completing the strategy. The English army was very definitely trapped, it would have to surrender and it would be a glorious Scottish victory for little loss. Over confidence ran dangerously high in the Scottish camp and that can be a dangerous thing. But they had not reckoned on the mettle of this exceptional man Oliver Cromwell or that he had the key, former Scottish Covenant General William Baillie in his pocket. The time for my revenge on those Fife regiments had come! A council of war was held on the night of September 2, 1650. The position looked hopeless to the assembled officers in Cromwell’s tent, Lambert, Monck, Pride and Overton were all there. Yet they never let on to the men for they were professionals at the top of their profession, commanding by ability not birthright. They were out numbered with a much larger army, twice the size on the high ground, blocking their lines of communication and the only escape route back to England. What to do? Surrender was not an option. Drawing the men off by ship was too lengthy a process and the ignominious partial retreat back to England that way would not be judge well by Cromwell’s enemies in Parliament. It was time for Cromwell to play his trump card and it was at this point that my advice and opinion was sought. I was brought to the Lord General’s tent in front of his own person, 2i/c Major General Lambert

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and his brigade commanders previously mentioned. All voices hushed to listen to my assessment of the situation. “My Lord General,” I said loudly,” I know those fellows on yonder hill blocking our path only too well and they are not as, God is my witness, as strong as they look, appearances can be deceptive.” I knew that I had their full attention and incredulously they listened as I related my tale of how I had been let down and twice badly beaten at Alford and Kilsyth by those same faint hearts from Fife. Levied conscript regiments who had run away before even firing a shot. Thus leaving my veteran regiments to get badly cut up. In Germany during the Thirty Years War this was a treasonable offence and punishable by death, which was often the case. One does not desert one’s comrades and leave them to certain death, the ultimate sanction was clearly justified by common logic and ruthlessly enforced. Cromwell had instilled this into his own double regiment of Ironside horse over and over again. This was instilled into recruits from day one and had contributed in no short measure to the victories of Gustavus II Adolphus. The Roman army called it decimation, one man in ten was randomly selected for execution from a legion that broke ranks and fled. The New Model had a similar policy, but perhaps due to their inherent religious fervour and rigid self- discipline they had never needed to resort to it. The men were simply so supportive of each other and loyal unto death. I gave a blow by blow account of all the regiments that I had seen opposing us on Doon Hill. I could easily recognise the flags and units. I knew their leaders and crucially I knew whether they would stand or not. The New Model officers’ smiled for the first time and I could see that they were warming to my lecture. I then hit them with the crucial piece of information that would be the key to their/our deliverance from the clutches of despair. The Scottish right wing, traditionally the strongest position in any army and manned by the toughest regiments was in fact manned by the weakest! The English could not have possibly known this and would never have guessed in a month of Sundays, for to the untrained eye all Scots looked the same. This was my killer blow and I savoured the moment of telling and the looks of astonishment on the assembled faces. Smiling, I continued relating my information, the brigade blocking the Cockburnspath and looking extremely impressive at some 2000 strong is in fact the Fife contingent, the most unreliable soldiers in the whole Scottish army! The

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very same that ran away on me not once, but twice! At my exasperation and theatrical thumping of the table the officers laughed in hysterical relief. “Gentlemen, if we hit them hard enough on the nose they will turn and run like frightened children,” I punched the air to reiterate the point. “There is your escape and the deliverance from your enemies.” A nod of satisfaction rippled around the tent, Cromwell had been listening intently and was calculating furiously in his head about what to do next. Did he trust my word, could he count on me not to be letting them into a trap. All this went through his mind. I could read it through his eyes and troubled countenance. “My Lord General,” I said again, “We do the Lord’s work this day and you can trust my intelligence, for I shall be in the thick of the fighting. I care not about my person, but only the great task that we are performing in bring about an end to these terrible civil wars. I will not fail you, you can trust me.” At this his worries seem to be lifted a little and with that he and Major General Lambert, who had taken particular note, left to survey the troop displacements. After walking the field George Monck was consulted as were the other brigade commanders before the final decision was made. A hush descended as Cromwell, his lip bleeding from nervous biting due to the exertions of his utmost concentration, began to speak. “Gentlemen if what General Baillie says is correct and I for one believe him. Then we shall hit them with everything we have got in one giant column, launched at sunrise; a dawn attack! With the good Lord’s providence we shall win through and make our escape” It doesn’t come more decisive than that! By throwing everything into one desperate gamble, one throw of the die, Cromwell could at least hopefully breakthrough the line and make for the safety of Berwick. A massive unstoppable force of 3000 Ironside troopers would spearhead the infantry brigades, who would add muscle to the initial punch. The baggage train would be prepared to plunge through the gap created. A massive unstoppable force hurled at, if General Baillie is to be believed, the weakest point, it by God’s mercy has to be successful! Well contented at this audacious plan the brigade officers returned to their regiments to make the necessary arrangements. The baggage train was brought up and corralled in the churchyard near the front lines ready for the dawn dash. Colonel Okey’s dragoons

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made a demonstration to cause some alarm in the Scottish camp in order to mask the noise of the preparations. The Lord General rode silently on a small Scottish pony the whole night back and forth rallying his men. His concentration was so intense that it is said that he bit his lip until it bled. Such is the weight of command on a single soul.

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Chapter Eleven

Attack!

The Scots on Doon Hill were overconfident. They had extinguished their match (the match cords that smoulder and ignites the gunpowder on a matchlock musket) and the officers had retired to tents and shelters behind the hill away from their men and the windswept north face facing the enemy. David Leslie had taken over command from the aged Earl of Leven, who was safely a bed in Edinburgh. Not being as astute as Leven he had ordered the whole army to move down the hill and once there, too directly confront Cromwell. He could see that there was a large ditch through which the Broxburn cut its way to the sea close by. In this way the whole Scottish army incredibly had given up their major advantage! David Leslie was a cavalry commander and as with all of their ilk use to forcing the issue, he seems to have failed to grasp the gravity of the situation, in that he was facing a highly professional battle hardened army up for a scrap. By contrast his army although superior in number by two to one (Scots 20 000, New model 10 000) was largely made up of conscripts who wanted to be anywhere, but where they found themselves at this present juncture! The English secret weapon was of course its 3000 Ironsides, professional armoured horse mounted on large English horses of some 17 plus hands. By contrast the Scottish cavalry in a supporting rôle here were mounted on ponies and many carried lances to negate the advantage of larger horses, but they would prove to be worse than useless in this engagement. To further compound the folly of it all, the omnipresent Travelling Committee of Estates had insisted that their general take this ludicrous course of action! The committee being made up of a large number of self-appointed pompous MP’s, over zealous wealthy civilians and assorted religious fanatic. In their infinite wisdom this would bring on a

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decisive engagement - too right it would! Their watchword was Jesus and no quarter! Proving that they were not even any good at the religious concepts behind our good Lord’s words of mercy and forgiveness. A subject in which they professed to be equally expert! They had obviously completely misunderstood everything our good Lord Jesus had been on about.

I was just soooooooooooooooo ready to kick their collective butts! And my time had come………

The night was cold, rainy and windswept as only it can be in that north eastern corner of lowland Scotland. The Scots sheltered under the newly cut grain facing the English across the ditch. Unbeknown to me, my old 2i/c Sir James Lumsden was directly in charge of the Scottish infantry opposite on the base of Doon Hill. He was in fact doing my job! The job that I would have had, had previous events not taken me elsewhere in my fortunes. Interestingly enough he was sheltering, sensible lad, behind the hill away from the troops. Such was the confidence of the army that the battle was already won. He may also have despaired of the Travelling Committee and their ridiculous orders to move to the base of the hill. I will ask him when I see him next? Knowing my old friend I am sure that it was the latter, for he like me would have been at a total loss to comprehend such an idiotic tactical move - NEVER GIVE UP THE HIGH GROUND! Dawn came and the massive 3000 strong column of Ironside cavalry crashed into the right Scottish flank in two giant waves. I was present in the second wave of Colonel Lilburne’s Brigade, comprising of colonels’ Lilburne’s, Hacker’s and Twisleton’s Regiments of horse. The lead was taken by the first brigade under the command of Major General John Lambert, comprising of Lambert’s own regiment together with colonel Fleetwood’s and Whalley’s veteran regiments of horse. Together we were the cutting steel edge of a giant spear thrust aimed squarely at what I knew was the weakest point of the Scottish line. George Monck’s Infantry brigade led the supporting infantry column. It was an awesome sight of controlled and directed raw power. Incredible to be part of, yet I too have experienced this exact situation whilst re-enacting.

I had re-enacted the whole scenario at Brill, between Aylesbury and Oxford

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in July 1975. Organised by the village committee as a major event, it had set up the whole English Civil War theme weekend as a giant fair. Some 3000 re-enactors from the Sealed Knot, The King’s Army and the Roundhead Association had been invited to take part in several large-scale battles for the public to view. It gave me the opportunity to re-live aspects of William Baillie’s military career in detail. Crucially I had decided to swap sides all of a sudden and join the Roundheads, being that I was fed up with the Cavalier cavalry - bad organisation, no horses and no kit. I then took part in a cavalry charge with the Roundheads under their Colonel Martin Savage. The whole incident has been covered in detail in my first book - Rebel Spirit, as it was so memorable. The whole setting was perfect, everything came together to give one of those magical time shift experiences where you cease re-enacting and are suddenly really there, back in time. Even the position of the village being between the King’s capital of Oxford and the Parliamentarian stronghold of Aylesbury was perfect. I had defected and ridden with the Roundheads - exactly as William Baillie had! I had physically relived my memories…

The Scottish cavalry including Archiebald Strachan attempted to put up a fight, but were swept aside and then we hit those Fife regiments! They had no chance, absolutely no chance and scattered like frightened sheep exactly as I had predicted. Many tried to scramble up the hillside, but to no avail. Many ran to their left, crowding against the other regiments in line, most didn’t even have their matches lit. It was from our point of view - perfect. As the noise of the cavalry battle developed with the dawn light a disconcerted Jamie Lumsden came over the hill and on to the chaotic scene. He immediately took command of his own Fife brigade and tried to rally them. Robert Habbick my life long friend and fellow Scot who has the same face and same memory as Sir James Lumsden had a lucid dream of this exact same situation precisely on the anniversary of the Battle of Dunbar synchronous with his physical age. He recalled the details:

I came upon a battle. I could see that it was lost, my only concern was for the boys. I said - “For Christ’s sake get them away as fast as possible!” We had our backs to a wall and I was shouting - “Get them over, even if you have to shove them over, but for Christ’s sake - GET THEM OVER!”

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Robert related this to me by a phone call on the evening of Friday 3, 2004 and it followed a waking lucid dream that he had had previously that afternoon. He was most concerned to tell me about it and had rung out of the blue specifically for the purpose. The very next day I attended the Toy Soldier Show in London and purchased a copy of the Osprey Campaign series book on Dunbar 1650, by Stuart Reid. Later at home I was surprised to find the exact same situation described in the book as the remnants of the Fife brigade frantically tried to escape the slashing swords of Cromwell’s Ironsides and the pikes of Monck’s infantry brigade. Their backs were against the walls of the farm buildings at Little Pinkerton and it was at this point that Sir James Lumsden was wounded. As a captain goes down with his ship so Jamie/Robert had decided to for go his own safety in order to save the lives of his men. Such is the character of this sterling soldier and my old friend! I also discovered the reason for our karmic link with its eternal bonds of friendship and love. Twisleton’s horse was exactly placed to be on the scene at this juncture as Robert so ably described. Charging in the second wave we had been pushed to our right coming as such to the Little Pinkerton farm. I was therefore exactly placed to come to the rescue of my old friend and 2i/c in his hour of need. Shouting frantically to Jamie, I hoisted him up behind the saddle of my horse despite his wounds and with that in all probability saved his life. For the soldiers of the New Model Army in full battle frenzy were not about to be discussing the niceties of whether or not this officer should be spared. They were engaged in a desperate life or death struggle for their own survival and God help anything or anyone that got in their collective way. The name Pinkerton resonated within me like the words BAD WOLF in the Dr Who series with Christopher Eccleston - Spring 2005, for they were scattered throughout time and space as a reminder. I was like wise reminded of such a coincidence found in a letter pencilled by Baillie-Kell in June 1864 prior to the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, the major battle in his life and in which Lumsden’s battery CSA distin- guished itself!

“I reached Atlanta and immediately hunted up Mr Pinkerton. I came acrossed him in the street, but he did not recognise me at first, my army uniform being such a complete disguise”

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It was like a memory-jogging signpost in time! Just as the name Saint George keeps cropping up in my present life and in all my previous life memories. The American civil war song, Two little boys, also came instantly to mind as its words perfectly describe the events that entwined us.

Two little boys had two little toys Each had a wooden horse Gaily they played each summer’s day Warriors both of course

One little chap then had a mishap Broke off his horse’s head Wept for his toy then cried with joy As his young playmate said

Did you think I would leave you crying When there’s room on my horse for two Climb up here Jack and don’t be crying I can go just as fast with two

When we grow up we’ll both be soldiers And our horses will not be toys And I wonder if we’ll remember When we were two little boys

Long years had passed, war came so fast Bravely they marched away Cannon roared loud, and in the mad crowd Wounded and dying lay

Up goes a shout, a horse dashes out Out from the ranks so blue Gallops away to where Joe lay Then came a voice he knew

Did you think I would leave you dying When there’s room on my horse for two

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Climb up here Joe, we’ll soon be flying I can go just as fast with two

Did you say Joe I’m all a-tremble Perhaps it’s the battle’s noise But I think it’s that I remember When we were two little boys

Do you think I would leave you dying There’s room on my horse for two Climb up here Joe, we’ll soon by flying Back to the ranks so blue

Can you feel Joe I’m all a tremble Perhaps it’s the battle’s noise But I think it’s that I remember When we were two little boys

This was a hit record for Rolf Harris over the Christmas period in 1969 and obviously about the American Civil War. Perhaps that is why it meant so much to me then as it triggered not only memories of the American Civil War, but also the specific memory of saving my old friend Jamie Lumsden? It was at this point that Cromwell with his personal regiment came upon the scene. He was instantly aware that far from breaking out he could achieve a complete and decisive victory by rolling up the flank. For he could see that the whole Scots line could be rolled up due to their disastrous positioning; backs to the steep grade of Doon Hill and with a considerable ditch and the Broxburn to their front. They were in short completely hung out to dry! He just needed to maintain the momentum and keep the pressure up. Sir James Campbell of Lawers regiment next in the line put up a stiff fight as I had assessed they would, but the relentless pressure of shot and push of pike from Colonel Thomas Pride’s brigade was inflicting heavy casualties. Cromwell took decisive action by skirting his regiment around the back of Little Pinkerton farm and charging at them down hill in their flank. The effect was instant and decisive. The other Scots brigades seeing this happen immediately took fright and fled west fairly tripping over one another to get away into open

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ground. Others tried to flee up the hill, but to no avail. As with most battles it was at this point that most of the heavy casualties are inflicted. Cromwell then ordered his Ironsides to, “Ride them down end to end.” This they did in short order and magnificent style, our poor boys, my ex-army had no chance. They were hunted down high and low all the way back to Haddington and the gates of Edinburgh beyond. Cromwell’s victory was complete and absolute. It was at this point that he was observed by others to burst out into hysterical tears of joy and laughter, such that they were concerned for his sanity. They credited it to the Hand of the Lord being upon him, which was used a lot in those days to explain the unexplainable! But it was simply the bursting of the dam of emotion built up to breaking point by his apparently hopeless position now so fortuitously and completely reversed. Cromwell’s greatest victory was complete. A grateful English Parliament even struck the first ever commemorative medal to celebrate the event, with Cromwll’s visage on one side and a picture of Parliament and the field sign watch word - Lord of Hosts - on the other. It is still know today as the Dunbar medal. A full 5000 Scots were captured and force marched to Durham Cathedral were they were locked up. Due to starvation and various privations a full 2000 died in terrible circumstance. The other 3000 were duly transported as virtual slaves to the plantations in Virginia and the West Indies. This not so glorious chapter in British military history was to come home to me when I met up with David Baxter from Gloucester after my talk at the Glastonbury Symposium 2004. David and I empathised immediately and over the course of our friendship these past two years it transpired that he has the memory of a Scottish soldier captured at Dunbar, locked in the Cathedral and transported to Virginia were he ended his days. He had two subsequent physical lives afterwards as a Native American and then a cowboy in the 1880s, now positively identified as Henry McCarty, née William Bonney alias Billy the Kid! Interestingly also his physical life immediate before Dunbar was as an Indian religious acolyte on the banks of the Ganges.

Thus he has Scottish DNA with the surname of Baxter attached, wears a bonnet (or beret as the French or English would say), smokes Golden Virginia and loves curry! He has also travelled to Scotland and has corresponded extensively with numerous penfriends in America as part of his search for his subconscious memories.

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He is a perfect illustration of living memory in action

Talking of which: I have long had a fascination with the Battle of Hook’s farm as described by H G Wells in his “magnificent gift to wargamers book” entitled “Little Wars.” Published in 1913 it describes “Wellsian” rules for fighting little wars and ably describes a memorable cavalry and infantry battle fought around a collection of farm buildings. The red uniforms etc. all add up to a memory of the above battle! Eureka, I have never consciously realised this until now whilst writing this - how amazing! I have several copies of the book including an original first edition together with its sister volume “Floor games”, which is extremely rare. The strength of the memory is reflected in the number of copies of the same book that I have and the fact that I have made over 1500 54mm Lead/Tin alloy soldiers depicting this event. Dunbar must have been such a memorable experience as to eclipse all the other battles William Baillie was engaged in.

Not one to rest on his laurel’s Cromwell immediately marched into Edinburgh, which surrendered without a shot. The castle however would hold out until December 23. Leslie’s battered forces that survived the rout rallied at Stirling. Cromwell thrown back from Stirling’s walls took up position around Edinburgh the borderline between the armies settling on Linlithgow for the remainder of the year. With Baillie on the one side and his precious little family on the other, the war had come all the way into his very own back yard. To cap it all he was on the wrong side with the invading forces, whilst his once proud army was fighting a desperate rear guard action that it would ultimately lose. This was the exact diametrically opposed situation that I/Baillie would find myself in the winter of 1864 - 65. When as Alexander Baillie Kell, I would fight a desperate rearguard action with the 5th Georgia Cavalry in my own back yard against the overwhelming might and superiority of General William T Sherman military juggernaut. The universe would specifically conspire to place me in the exact same scenario, but on the opposite losing side, so that I could learn from the experience by seeing and feeling both sides of the coin.

I firmly believe with this incident and other timeline evidence that we are witnessing a fundamental mechanism at work. This magnificent universal intelligence automatically places us in an

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identical situation in a subsequent life, but in a reverse rôle with the express purpose that we should experience what it was like for others to experience our actions. In short “the bully becomes the victim” in a subsequent life and vice versa. It is a cosmic mirror of our soul that teaches us about ourselves.

This is the first time to my knowledge that this mechanism has been clearly demonstrated to factually exist and that I therefore am privileged to be the first human to document its discovery through documented evidence. The important messages contained in my three books so far will I hope be studied by future generations and maybe even by myself should I decide to come back! My discoveries belong to all humanity, to whom I freely give them with no thought of reward and with most importantly of all, my unconditional love.

Do unto others, as you would have them do unto you!

How do I know all of this? Well it is in my living memory, for “I am” the Covenant General.

Post script: The Year 1651 saw the final defeat of the royalists at the Battle of Worcester, a year to the day that Dunbar had been won by the English Parliamentary forces. Charles II famously escaped by hiding in an oak tree and then left for exile in the Lowlands. William Baillie was there with the Ironsides of the New Model Army, although posted more as a spectator on Red hill than as a participant. It was the grand finale of his tour of duty with Cromwell and it felt good to be on the winning side again. Fractally I re-enacted this in my firework campaign with Universal Fireworks of Hythe in the season of 2005. The parallel coincidences were quite scarily accurate and all happened precisely on cue. For those interested in reading an account of this action I have posted a copy of the e-mail written shortly afterward relating the story in Appendix Six.

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Epilogue

In 1652 William Baillie left the New Model army and returned to Holland to seek new employment. It was a time of reinvention and unlimited possibilities. Ships now sailed the globe bringing back vast amounts of commercial treasure to fuel the expanding economies of Europe. England was stable under Cromwell and beginning to fully develop its strength and depth in both commerce and the British Army. This powerful combination would propel the nation forward exactly as the Romans before. Eventually the trading network so established would cover the globe and be known ever after as the British Empire. The Ironsides of the New Model Army had their fractal reflection in the US Cavalry after the American Civil War, but everything there was accelerated in time scale, so the current American Empire happened much faster. The southern states of the Confederacy equated to the defeated Cavaliers and the victorious Yankee northern states of the Union to Parliament. William Baillie was the equivalent of a Yankee General and as such the universal returned his soul into the material world as a rebel private soldier! Alexander Baillie Kell had to experience the other side of the coin in order for his soul to continue its development He had in short to experience Montrose’s feelings and dis- appointments. The Dutch however, were poised to embark on their Golden century (Gouden eeuw) led by the development and expansion of their naval power. Leading in the forefront of the Dutch confederate navy were the Admiraals. Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruyter was a rising star in their ranks and coincidentally the brother-in-law of William Baillie. Dutch commercial success would depend entirely on the success or failure of these handful of heroes. Piracy was rife, aggressive nations demanded heavy tolls and the oceans were a dangerous place, but the rewards were

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infinite. Private companies engaged in raising their own armies and navies to protect their trade from point of origin to their home market. Michiel de Ruyter worked for the Vlissingen Directorate and initially protected the trading convoys in the channel from the likes of the Dunkirk pirates (Duinkerk kapers) and in 1652 to 1654 the English navy. For the first Anglo-Dutch war was about to breakout. It would be fought with cannon mounted in wooden sailing ships of ever increasing size and magnificence. The smaller Dutch ships would have the advantage of speed, manoeuvrability and a shallow draft, whilst the larger English ships would have the advantage of massive firepower. Essentially the Dutch had all the problems and advantages of Drake’s Tudor navy and the English all the power of the Spanish armada. The scene was set and the heroes came to the forefront of the stage. This famous Dutch poem encapsulates that time and place as no other. My subconscious resonated with it from the first time that I read it and it has been lodged there ever since. I can make no apology for keeping to the original Dutch, as it has to read with the original Dutch accent in order to conjure up all of the power and imagery associated with it dramatic verse.

In een blauwe geruite kiel

In een blauwe geruite kiel draaide hij aan’t grote wiel de ga-a-a-anse dag. Maar Michieltjes jongenshart leed ondragelijke smart ahach, ahach, ahach.

Als matroosje vlug en net Heeft hij voet aan boord gezet Dat hoorde zo. Naar Oostinje, naar de West Jongens, dat gaat opperbest! Hojo, hojo, hojo, hojo!

Daar staat Hollands admiraal Nu een man van vuur en staal De schrik der zee.

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’t Is een Ruiter naa den aard Glorierijk zit hij te paard! Hoezee, hoezee, hoezee, hoezee!

(Geschreven door Jan Pieter Heye - overigens heeft De Ruyter Indie nooit bezocht)

In the coming struggle William Baillie would attempt to emulate his more famous brother-in-law in becoming in the words of the poem - Nu een man van vuur en staal (Now a man of fire and steel!). For he had regained his confidence in the New Model Army, ironically he would now fight against its navy. It would not be easy, it would be dangerous and in places down right scary, but it would be - oh so memorable!

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I: First sub-conscious reconstruction uniform, April 1975.

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II: Second sub-conscious reconstruction uniform, May 1991.

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III: Engraving of the Hand en Voetboogs Doelen te Amsterdam bij Petrus Schenk circa 1680.

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IV: The Handboog Doelen in Amsterdam, October 2005.

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V: Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 – 1670).

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VI: Sub-conscious memory drawing, July 1978.

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VII: Sir James Lumsden and William Baillie circa 1638.

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VIII: Robert Matthew Habbick/ Jamie Lumsden, April 2004.

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IX: Robert Matthew Habbick/ General Sir James Lumsden, June 2005. “That Marston Moor Spirit!”

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X: Dr Ian C Baillie/ General William Baillie, June 2005. “Ready for Action!”

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XI: Pauline Elizabeth Baillie, née Danter, Vlissingen, July 1976.

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XII: Pauline Elizabeth Baillie, née Danter, Amsterdam, July 1976.

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XIII: José, Pauline, Ian and Mama The Wedding day, September 10, 1977.

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XIV: Ons José – Johanna Josepha Francesca Maria Endstra.

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XV: Cromwell, Parliament and Baillie, April 2, 2004.

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XVI: Original Dutch pot helmet and the 2nd sub-conscious reconstruction, September 2005.

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XVII: “Drag me from my horse with my cloak would you!” General Baillie, May 1991.

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XVIII: Jamie Graham, Marquis of Montrose – The Great Montrose.

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XIX: Doorway to another world. Hand en Voetboogs Doelen tuin poort Amsterdam, October 2005.

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XX: Ironsides! – Cromwell’s battle winners.

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Covenant General Part Two

Re-enactment, Super awareness and the synchronicity of time - Gathering the familiar further evidence for the continuity of consciousness New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:59 Page 208 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:59 Page 209

Chapter One

A Remarkable Journey

The piecing together of the evidence presented here is the culmination of a remarkable journey that spans a lifetime and is still unfolding even after 50 years. Yet at the time I was consciously completely unaware of the significance of events and the manifesting of artefacts that surrounded my daily routine through this life. That is until the discovery of the Alexander Baillie Kell photograph in March 1999 and again with the Schuttersmaaltijd portrait in December 2001. The unfolding of my Dutch memory with synchronicity in chrono- logical age ran parallel to the unfolding of my American Civil War memory and a very powerful Viking memory et al. Since the summer of 2004 I have identified nine previous distinct separate first person memories. I can therefore operate with increasing personal confidence that these are true, after successfully documenting the first two as being factual. This means that all of us with good intelligence are very complex individuals, indeed with enormous repositories of knowledge to draw on due to past physical life experiences. I have also recently been having glimpses into the past time bubble and the future time bubble, my past dolphin memory was wrapped up with Atlantis and my future memory is to do with healing the oceans as part of a future human flying saucer crew in 2 to 300 years time. I also have realised that I am and have been training myself throughout this lifetime for the next mission! My own personal information storage facility at the quantum level of universal existence is operating much as my website does on the World Wide Web. You could term this as the Intranet which is a small fractal part of the one consciousness I dubbed the Outernet in my second book Forbidden Science. It appears that if the reader wishes to view this structure of the quantum universal memory machine, then rice paper is

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the nearest available model to hand! Having viewed rice paper under several magnifications, I can concur with Ron Pearson’s e-mail on this subject, that rice paper does indeed model my own personal concept of what the universe may look like at the quantum scalar electro-magnetic level. This information was related to Ron by a dead Chinese doctor working in spirit no less. A few years ago I might have dismissed this source, but having seen so many other wonders and having my eyes opened to the new discoveries in physics and consciousness, then I am happy to agree - the Quantum Universe probably does look like rice paper! The result is a much needed and timely bridge between science and spirituality, which will ultimately do away with the religious fundamen- talist dogma that blights our planet at these present times. It will furthermore provide a logical framework for a more harmonious world and people. With the current resurgence of terrorist backed religious violence this may be seen as essential for the long-term physical survival of our species. In demonstrating to the reader the mechanisms and evidence indicating sustained multiple lifetime memory, I hope to play my own humble part in bringing about this much needed change. Even if not in my lifetime then I hope that future humans, including myself, will read somewhere, somehow the words that I write and view the evidence that I have collected. Either way it will save me a lot of work next time around! I realise now that I always thought I would find myself in an American Civil War photograph and as a portrait in an oil painting, because I actually remembered having them taken/painted! There is simply no time in the quantum memory field. We are very much gestating mental embryos, mere infants in an enormous intelligent universe, but our potential it would seem is infinite. We are only limited by our own imagination and thinking outside of the box is the first step in breaking down our own self imposed prison walls - super self awareness follows. Here then is the evidence for my second documented past life memory as William Baillie Covenant General.

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Chapter Two

A Chronology of Awareness

At 18 months old I chose a 17th century cannon brooch from out of a tray on a Woolworth’s store counter containing over 100 items. I stood in my push chair to reach the counter top. My mother purchased the brooch and I still have it in my possession. This was the start of a lifetime of collecting past life memory-abilia! The precise conscious clocking of my subconscious mind’s actions in recognising and subsequently storing information about William Baillie and the more easily recognisable re-construction of once familiar artefacts, most of which I still have in my possession is, possible through sustained intro- spection of my present conscious memory. Most people simply do not have the luxury of time or the inclination to do this, but it is something that we are all capable of. Early dates are understandably difficult to precisely pin down, but as the awareness grew so did the ability to locate precise timings increase. The culmination of this work is presented as the combined The Triple Timeline, see Appendix seven, in the appendices. With this remarkable tool it is possible to clearly see the links, problems and solutions across 3 lifetimes including this one. Even more remarkable is the power of prediction, unfolding as I write, that this enables me to make. This then is a transcript of the discovery of William Baillie within my own personal mind space and its manifesta- tion into physical reality. The remembrance of the body with its scalar electromagnetic scaffold that ensures that the same face is continued, with the same scars, is equally stunning. This book is the summit of that mountainous climb and as such represents the planting of the triumphal flag. After the initial recognition of the beloved cannon brooch that had stirred my memory before coherent speech had developed, the next

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distinct subconscious knee jerk reaction was to be found in a history lesson. This was taken by Mrs Manning the Headmaster’s wife who taught afternoons at St Lawrence Church of England Junior School for Boys in Ramsgate. It was a warm sunny afternoon in early 1965 during my final year at the school. I was 10 at the time. The book was by J R Unstead and is still available and we even have copies at my present school some 40 years after the event. The quality of the illustrations are what bought the subject alive for me as a child and my keen visual mind latched onto a distinctive colour plate showing a confrontation between a group of Cavaliers and Roundheads. The Roundheads having burst their way into a wooden panelled hall with swords drawn were quite excitingly menacing. Erroneously they were however wearing red and yellow striped rugby shirts under their short sleeve buff leather coats. Colour plates in those days were few and very far between and therefore most distinctive. Many readers may well remember them from their own formative years, such was their efficacy. The striped sleeves were a common mistake on these early illustrations prompted as such by the few surviving buff coats that sport metallic braid sown onto their sleeves as a form of defence. King Gustavus II Adolphus wore such an example, as did Black Tom Fairfax, something that I was probably subconscious- ly aware of at the time, for I recognised the error. Other cloth examples of such braiding have survived less well, but they were merely for ostentatious decoration and as such an overt display of wealth. Artists being commissioned for illustrations are often not conversant with historical detail and accuracy, therefore many errors arise in popular massed produced literature; a common fault. The same mistake was made in the 1970’s film production of Cromwell, which one finds mars an otherwise superb piece of reconstructive film making. Here the New Model Army were depicted as wearing black and yellow striped rugby shirts, making them look like so many angry wasps and utterly farcical! Certainly the late Richard Harris’ portrayal of Oliver Crowell catches all the mercurial passion and temper of the man as I can only too well testify to, as does the late Sir Alec Guinness’ stubborn and aristocratic Charles I. Such stupidity and tragedy played out on a physically real historical canvas has to be eternally memorable. Many people’s past lives are not so memorable due to fairly quiet goings on, but I seem to have taken a much more violent and excitingly memorable journey, for better or for worse. Courtesy initially for the most part due to the Romans, with their materialistic society of violence, madness and cruelty. The

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hatred imprinted on my soul at their hands took several lifetimes to burn out, as “I” was captured in AD 61 as a child in Boudicca’s revolt, enslaved taken to Rome and made to fight in the Coliseum for the enter- tainment of the mindless masses. Still the reason for my hating football and large crowds even today. But those that sowed the wind would reap the whirlwind as “I” rode with Åke Tott against the Holy Roman Empire. Shakespeare’s, “And thus the whirligig of time brings in his revenges” never echoed more true.

We now move forward to 1967 and an English précis exercise in Mr Hollis’ English language class on Cromwell in Ireland, which contained the key word Drogheda. This one word sent shivers down my spine as it engaged my conscious mind head on with its emotional passage of writing that my subconscious knew only too well. Needless to say I scored full marks on that piece of work. This led in later years to discovering that when I wrote or drew about my favourite topics, I always excelled myself and gained teacher recognition. What I did not realise at the time was that I was allowing my subconscious mind full rein to express itself into the material world. A process that I readily recognise in my pupils at present and it allows me to give full credit to their own underlying subconscious persona. This in turn leads to happy pupils that excel in all aspects of education, it is that I have acknowledged who they are and they respond accordingly in the positive. My simple explanation is that I listen to what they have to say. Most adults simply do not listen to children, hence the breakdown in communications and the problems that besiege our society. Once the true child within is listened to, then I am able to guide and feed that soul with what it needs, education ceases to become a struggle and the child is nurtured in the true sense of the word and they achieve better results accordingly. We can not make children learn, a concept that successive governments have failed to appreciate. The child takes what it needs for its own development exactly as I did all those years ago. At university I could be seen rummaging around the Anglo-Saxon books in the library or learning Dutch and Old English, I was always doing what I should not have been doing when I should have been studying my here and now subject. I was thus feeding my soul and honouring the time honoured expression - Man shall not live by bread alone! The next quantum leap of awareness took place on a trip, in early September 1974, to the Island of Jersey, one of the Channel Islands just

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off of the coast of France. I had already immersed myself in the American Civil War since the age of 10 and after studying had worked for 6 months on the railway during my gap year. Thus I had fractally re- enacted in miniature the life of Alexander Baillie Kell without knowing it and with the money gained I had helped my fiancée put a deposit on our first bungalow, as described in Rebel Spirit. With the remainder of the money I was set up for university and for the first time in my life had the freedom of choice to travel where I wished. My subconscious was grabbed on a Spanish beach by an Athens acropolis motif bag and I just had to have one! This led my colleague Larry Hemmings and I on a 3 week long odyssey to Rome, Venice and Athens. I did not know at the time that I was precisely fulfilling my past life timeline pattern by standing on the exact same geographical spot as I had at the same physical age in previous lives. The Coliseum gave me the creeps big time! Like a roving band of Vikings, Larry and I had teamed up for safety with 10 other Scandinavians and one lone American. Based on the fact that no one in their right mind would take on 13 of us at any one time! The Scandinavians, mostly Norwegians, suggested sleeping in the Coliseum park and we duly found our way there at around 11 pm at night. The sequence of events that followed just gave me the chills big time. I was immediately struck with an irrational fear that rose up like a great black cloud and overcame my rational mind. The others too, after my protes- tations, quickly decided that it was a bad place to stay the night and we hastily left for the railway station and safety. Policeman with machine guns I can cope with, but not that black fear. I was just 20 at the time and had come within inches of where I had stood and fought for my life around 80AD, suffering violence, humiliation and depravity. My soul remembered all too well, but my logical conscious mind as yet was unaware. Then onto Athens and my spiritual home, for this is where I learnt the power of democracy, education and freedom. I sat on the Acropolis in the sun for 6 whole hours as the day went lazily by, just happy to be back. There were tanks on the street and soldiers with machine guns, for the country was in the middle of a coup due to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, but I was just happy to be there. For “I” as a Hoplite infantry soldier had defended Athens against the Persian hoards around 490BC - taking part in the Battles of Marathon and Salamis, where the Persians were finally beaten at sea and sent scurrying homeward. I would have to re-live this some 1400 years later at the Viking battle of Svolda Fjord 1000AD. This time the universe would

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put me on the losing side, just to see how it felt. My friend Olaf Tr yggvasson would dive over board in the last minutes of the battle to avoid humiliating capture and torture at the hands of the victorious Danes and Swedes. I would end my days in exile banished to Iceland, as my native Norway suffered under the Danish yoke for a number of years. This fate in turn would mean that as William Baillie I would serve on the other side with the Swedes in the Thirty Years War, coming full circle to work with those that I once fought! The universe is a wonderful teacher and the main lesson is the futility of violence, for we are all one - one people, one spirit, one consciousness. After my grand tour of Europe I had the opportunity to spend some quality time with my father, who wished as a right of passage, that we should go together to Jersey where we had spend 4 idyllic summer holidays 1965, 1967,1971 and 1972. This would be a fifth journey to my father’s favourite place and sadly one of the last times we would be together. For his mortal self imposed task of nurturing me to manhood had gradually been passing unbeknown to me. We visited castles and Nazi bunkers together and sat on the beach at St Brelaide’s bay as the sun went down. Prophetically I became engaged in a sand sculpture of a church, which took on a sense of scale and grandeur as I realise the potential of the sculpting medium. It even had a graveyard as a macabre finishing touch, complete with tombstones made from the ends of lollypop sticks. This was indeed to be the last quality time that we would spend together in this physical life. I already sensed my growing strength and stature eclipsing that of my father who was increasingly looking more elderly, grey and frail. I indulged my dolphin memory in a lobster lunch much to the amazement of my father who had no idea of my extravagant seafood tastes and I fondly returned to the shop where I had purchased the entire stock of American Civil War figures, some 140, in 1967. It was however left to the final day that the quantum event would take place, a memory jerk so seismic that it would reverberate for the rest of my life. It was on the final full day that my father suggested that we visit Elizabeth castle situated on a small island in the bay immediately adjacent to the capital of St Helier. We travelled by a WW2 American amphibious DUCK as the tidal causeway became completely submerged at high tide, thus assuring the castle of its strategic position. I would next travel in one of these or a descendant there of, during my trip to Iceland in 1995, which would be another giant past life memory exercise. The

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castle tour was enjoyable as my Dad always loved both castles and sailing, which in turn enabled him to exercise his past life memory. We then suddenly entered the main exhibition room, which consisted of tableaux showing crucial events in the island’s history. I scooted past the Elizabethan one, but was immediately transfixed by the English Civil War scene. I then became completely mesmerised by the soldier in armour guarding Princes Charles and his brother James Stuart, as they conversed with the island’s governor in 1649. But it was the man in armour in the corner that took my breath away for some hither too unbeknown reason. For I had come consciously face to face with a reconstruction of myself in graphic 3D detail, as I was for some 40 years during the period 1620 to 1660. Same clothes, same armour, same face! In true form I purchased not one, but two post cards depicting the scene, a now classic sign that I recognise as the fact that my subconscious had clocked something of extreme familiarity and importance. I had to be sure that I had secured the information. Immediately at the first opportunity I doodled the uniform and other information on the back of the card as we sat at a cafe table drinking coffee. I did this as if to underscore the significance of the find and appended the words King’s Trooper 1649 to the drawing. I also have now noted that I carefully made a pencil drawing of the helmet in both back and side views to make sure that the detail was recorded accurately. This is the distinctive style of Dutch pot helmet that William Baillie must have worn as I later recon- structed the helmet twice in order to manifest it into 3D physical reality. The first was hastily made in the Easter vacation of 1975 from no less an object than an old aluminium saucepan! I remember frantically hammering it into shape in my father-in-law’s potato house (He owned a Fish and Chip shop at the time), Lord only knows what they made of it all! I sold that helmet as I was not happy with the feel and made a second more accurate reconstruction in 1984, just before leaving to work for the army in Germany exactly on cue with the timeline. Finally last year in 2005, I managed to purchase the genuine article, a Dutch single nasal bar pot some 400 years old, which matches exactly the second copy that I made in 1984 and still possess. I spent the rest of that Easter vacation in 1975 rigorously making a complete copy of the uniform and armour I had seen that day in Jersey, driven even to the point of cutting up my prize leather motorcycle jacket to make the boots. This was indeed, extreme memory re-enactment in all its glory! At that very table in Jersey the previous September, I had without

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conscious knowledge drawn my first picture of William Baillie and thus had manifest his image before my conscious mind - a picture of myself, to myself, for myself. True to form I still have both postcards the spare in the attic and the original with the doodle that has never left my side bundled together with a memorable picture of Cromwell and his Ironsides cut from a magazine. The collection, retention and possession of such images is one of the hallmarks of my memory process. The comic magazine picture clippings of Lady Penelope from Thunderbirds, that, I avidly collected from 1966 to 1967, being perhaps the best example of this phenomenon. For she was the perfect image of Sarah Elizabeth “Sallie” Spalding of Sapelo Island (1844-1916), “my” lost sweetheart and as such also an image of “my” Dutch wife Anneke Adriaansdater sister of Admiraal Michiel Adriaanzoon de Ruyter. Going back even further there is another blonde lady that lurks in the shadows of my Saxon sub-conscious memory, nick named only as Eówyn after Tolkien’s famous Shield Maiden of Rohan in the Lord of the Rings. She nursed me back to health after losing my left eye in the Battle of Adam’s Grave, 592AD. I still bear the scar as does Baillie Kell in his photograph from 1861 and William Baillie in his portrait from 1638. This year I took my memory-abilia back to Knap Hill, Wiltshire, adjacent to Adam’s Grave the site of the battle. For the past 12 years I have always gone there when crop circling and have a great sense of being at home, only to realise this year that indeed it was my home once! In September 1974 I headed off to Newcastle upon Tyne and university life. By a strange coincidence, I was accompanied by my old school friend and classmate Robert Habbick and together the two of us climbed aboard the famous Flying Scotsman at King’s Cross Station, London, coincidentally the alleged site of the burial of Boudicca who is said to lie under platform 6! During Freshers’ week, I signed up for Sir Thomas Tylsley’s regiment of Foote, which was the university regiment of the King’s Army English Civil Warre-enactment society. Appropriately they dressed in white woollen coats in honour of the Marquis of Newcastle’s famous regiments who made their heroic last stand upon the field of Marston Moor July 2, 1644. The jackets were made of ex-army thick woollen blankets, which were cheaply available at that time. A uniform pattern, several pamphlets on military principles and even some lead cast buttons were also given to the new recruits. Taffy Jones a long serving medical student was the enthusiastic senior company officer. Lance was his impressive

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2i/c complete with tribar pot helmet and back and breast armour. A large agricultural student named Tom was also a memorable member of the some 40 strong company. I once caught Tom doodling several pikemen and pikes as he sat next to me during a lecture, which indicates to me now that he was a good past life memory candidate if ever I saw one. I can also remember going into Lance’s room to talk about the up coming end of year battle trip to Brill, a small village situated on the borders of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire and seeing a whole array of miniature Ironside figures engaged in a wargame on the floor of his hall of residence room. I was momentarily transfixed by the Roundhead troopers that I completely forgot what I had come to see him about and I questioned him instead about the tiny buff coated troopers for several minutes. This is a good example of how the subconscious can divert the conscious mind when prodded into action. The opposition in Newcastle was provided by the Polytechnic’s branch of the Roundhead Association, their members revelled in the name of Montague’s regiment of Foote. Each year we would assemble on the Town Moor to fight a commemorative battle followed usually by a bout of heavy drinking! The rivalry between Polytechnic and University always added an extra edge to the proceedings, which could get rather heated.

Brigadier Peter Young had formed the Sealed Knot a cavalier society dedicated to re-enacting the English Civil War back in 1970. This was the first society in mainland UK to embrace our own historical civil war in direct response to the American Civil War societies of The Confederate High Command (1962) and the Southern Skirmish Association (1968). All these re-enactment societies were in their embryonic stage of development and still regarded with suspicion by most of the general public, they were still learning their trade and had not reached the levels of professionalism that we see today some 40 years later. Uniforms were largely home made and varied enormously in accuracy, many splinter groups formed politically, because of disagreement over this and that as to accuracy. It was a fun time to be involved and I had joined the CHC (1965) and SoSkAn (1968), aged 11 and 14 respectively. Likewise the KA and the RA were splinter groups from the SK that strived for a more authentic look and ethos. Such are the politics of re-enactment! All in all, I didn’t give a jot! I was just pleased to find like minded

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souls that shared the same passion for re-enactment. In fact I added to this melange by insisting on being in the cavalry and refusing to wear the infantry uniform of my own regiment! Interestingly enough Robert showed no interest whatsoever in any and all of it. It was a complete blank to him as is often the case with people who would rather forget their past misadventures and place substantial mental blocks to protect their ego. We must embrace our own negativity in order to be whole, something I have done and can wholeheartedly recommend. It was thanks to Dr Christine Page, who in a talk at the Glastonbury symposium 2004, said this wonderful phrase and armed with that notion I was able to finally unlock the pieces of puzzle that I had mentally buried with such force and determination. Having thus joined Sir Thomas Tylsley’s regiment experiences escalated. In November of 1974 a cavalier weekend was organised and a coach trip to Innerleithen near Peebles in the Scottish borders ensued. Coincidentally this is but a short stones throw from where the Baillie family originate in Lamington, Lanarkshire. The whole episode was so memorable that I mentioned it in Rebel Spirit.

“We signed up en masse for the Cavaliers. This was most popular as a celebration of being English and returning to past values. I joined because there was no American Civil War Society and I have always loved history and re-enacting. I couldn’t continue with my beloved Civil War so I joined the next best thing - the English Civil War society, the King’s Army. The Polytechnic provided the Roundheads, Montague’s Regiment, and we at the university were Sir Thomas Tylsley’s Regiment of Foote, Newcastle’s white coats. Now, as I disliked the Infantry for some strange reason, I decided very quickly that I would be in the Cavalry and as there was no Cavalry I decided I would make my own Cavalry. So I was a Cavalryman attached to the Regiment and I had my own uniform. I had always been very independent and very strong-minded like that and there was no way you were going to get me into the Infantry. I used to just tag along and they used to regard me as a bit odd, but I used to join in with them. I always had my Cavalry outfit on and I had even made my own helmet, armour and boots. This was because I had been to Jersey with my father and I had seen an English Civil War Cavalier’s outfit in Elizabeth Castle. I modelled my outfit on what I had seen - a sort of yellow wool jacket with slash sleeves and wooden buttons, maroon trousers and a light blue sash with a black lobster pot helmet, thigh-length boots and a cross band. All you needed then was a

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pewter tankard, which was essential equipment for drinking, and we were off! I used to take my guitar with me and we used to sing when we went away for battles.”

(The light blue sash mentioned is interesting as that was the colour worn by the Sint Joris Doelen in Amsterdam! William Baillie also wears a distinctive yellow buff jacket.)

And again:

“Another memorable moment was with the Cavaliers. We went off up to Peebles for a weekend. We went to meet the Roundheads there for a battle. There were about 200 of us from the University and the Polytechnic and we all descended on Peebles in the Scottish borders. It was the most organised drink-up, for want of a better word that I have ever been on. I actually drank 33 pints of beer in the space of two day! It was continual drinking and singing, basically, which was absolutely brilliant. We got to the Student’s Union building at 10:00 am on a Saturday morning and we were in the bar drinking when we spotted Morris Dancing outside and also Flyle dunking, which is a traditional English drinking game comprising of a wet beery cloth, a circle of people and a pole. When the mobile bar/ bus had got there we prepared to alight onto the bus. Now Taffy Jones, who was our colonel, and a medical student, was extremely organised with his committee and provided barrels of beer on the bus. I remember real ale was just making a comeback in England, so we were all into real ale.

We drank all the way into Scotland and got off at Jedburgh. We went straight into a pub and started playing darts. We were all completely dressed in cavalier gear, much to the amazement of the locals, and just took the pub over. We left the pub when it shut at 3:00 pm, went up to Jedburgh Castle and had our picture taken by the Castle, bought some oatcakes, because we were getting a bit hungry and then got back on the bus. We got to Peebles roundabout at 4:00 pm in the afternoon. We had booked into a village hall where we were going to sleep for the night. We laid our bedrolls down on the floor, sleeping bags, etc and we went straight to the pub, guitars in hand, singing songs. We sang songs and drank right the way through to 10:00 pm when the pubs shut, but luckily one of the students in our regiment was so enterprising that he actually joined the Conservative Club just so that we could have extra drinking time! The Conservative Club in Scotland had an

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extra hour’s opening on their licence so at 10:00 pm we all piled into the Conservative Club, all dressed as Cavalier! Who should we meet, but all the Puritans! The Roundhead Association all sat there grim as grim, with their psalm books in hand. The King’s men had descended on the Conservative Club to face them. Then we started a singing competition and it was the Cavaliers trying to out sing the Puritans. One of the things about the Cavaliers is that you get to sing a lot! So my singing career had really taken off.”

A somewhat raw verbalised text, but it does much to conjure up the spirit of the moment and the character of William Baillie clearly shines through in the language used! The Sunday morning march around Innerliethen was one of those magical time shift moments when all things come together to create a seamless boundary between the then and now, as if there is no time, no gap. The massed array of some two hundred pikemen all chanting in unison as they marched on the streets of a little known Scottish border village on that Sunday morning, all worked to cast a magical spell.

“THE KING AND THE CAUSE THE CHURCH AND THE LAWS CHARLES KING OF ENGLAND RUPERT OF THE RHINE GOD SAVE THE KING!”

A memorable battle ensued after the pub lunch and I valiantly defended my small St George’s cross flag tied to the top of my pike staff from four equally determined Roundheads. Taffy had an equally memorable disagreement with the Roundhead commander over the proceedings, which involved one of our chaps becoming concussed! I looked up from this rugby scrum of students and pike staves to see Taffy rolling down the side of the steep hills through the heather engaged in hand to hand combat with their senior officer! What fun and very much like the real thing all those years ago. Here is the actual text of the event as I remembered it, quite colourful and when one looks through the language, 17th century images come flooding in:

“Anyway, I went back to the Hall where we were sleeping and people were busy having swordfights in the street and things like that and falling over

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everywhere, everybody dressed in costume. About 200 people had taken over this village. The villagers were all totally amazed. The next day we got up and they were so organised that they had beer for breakfast because the barrels were actually in the Hall. Now I didn’t make that, I couldn’t cope with beer for breakfast! Anyway we managed to get something to eat and organised ourselves and then we were out ready for a rehearsal. This was a Sunday, and we marched round the village with the pikes and the drums and the flags flying, shouting ‘The King and the cause! The church and the laws! Charles, King of England! Rupert of the Rhine! A pox on Parliament! Hurrah!’ and such other things. With the drums going and the flags flying it was all very exciting.

We then went out on the moor, just outside the village, up on the hillside and we had a little practice battle. We were going to have a proper battle in the afternoon so this was our practice rehearsal battle and the Roundheads were duly mustered in their places and it was all quite amazing. Then the pubs were open, so it was straight back down to the village and into to the pub. We had our dinner in the pub, singing, and more beer drinking. I think I had about four pints and I was busy singing and then we went out to the battle once the pubs shut. We went up the moor and we had our battle, which got a little bit heated in several places because most people were blind drunk. The two commanders, I can remember looking up one minute and seeing Taffy and the enemy commander rolling down the hillside, end over end, having a fight. Obviously things had got a little bit out of hand with the troops and the two commanders were trying to settle it between themselves. Things do get a little bit heated, it’s a bit like a rugby match, everybody takes it very seriously. Except you’ve got 18 foot pikes and when you crunch together you do get a bit crushed and if you don’t back off, some people do get a bit concussed. I think one of our people got concussed and the Roundheads wouldn’t back off and he was a little lad with a think skull. Taffy had taken exception to this and started a punch up with this Roundhead commander.

I got pounced by about four Roundheads because I had my little St George’s flag tied to the top of my pike, because I had decided to join in with the pike squad this time - make sure you’ve got gloves on when you do this, by the way! They decided to single me out and try to nick my flag, but there was no way I was going to let them nick my flag so I hung on to it like grim death and they just couldn’t prise it out of my hands. In the end some of my friends

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came to my help and got them off. They couldn’t understand why I wouldn’t give it up, but the flag means everything, you just don’t give your flag up. It’s a point of honour. Flags are only a piece of cloth, but they embody the spirit, the sort of come and get it spirit, it’s a challenge if you like to the opposition. One should always defend the colours to the last!”

The reader can quite clearly see from the language and passion that we were actually back there in time reliving actual events - we were indeed time travellers. This is the magic of re-enacting when all things come together to cause a temporal shift of great magnitude. As mentioned above, the following Easter I was determined to make the uniform I had seen in Jersey. The urge was so strong, that again, I bought materials and machined up a jacket, breeches and a shirt together with a sash and a helmet made from the aluminium saucepan unceremoniously beaten into shape. I just had to make that helmet. The original pictures were taken by my sister and appear here as evidence of that William Baillie uniform number one. I was not happy with the shiny appearance of the helmet in the photographs and inked over the original prints with black ink. This is an example of the subconscious not being happy with what it sees - you just have to get it right! I have recently found the original negatives and had some copies printed off and again my subconscious is still not happy with the result. It still works even 30 years after the event. I eventually painted it gloss black, another mistake, as my subconscious was still not happy I learnt later that professionals such as Lance used satin black car spray to achieve the desired effect as near to the original as possible. The coatings used originally were to prevent rusting, they were usually black for the most part although sanguine brown was also used. The original Dutch pot I now own has the original black in some parts and still shows the brush strokes even after 400 years. As mentioned above I went back to university for the summer term with my completed cavalryman’s uniform, much to the amusement and bewilderment of my fellow regimental colleagues. But that is how it works! No compromise will do, it has to be right and the yellow jacket can be seen to mimic the colour of the buff jacket that William Baillie is wearing in the Schuttersmaaltijd portrait. The next important benchmark in this chronology was the end of year massed English Civil War weekend in Brill, a small sleepy village situated in the middle of ECW territory on the borders between

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Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. Oxford was the King’s capital during the civil war and Aylesbury was the Parliamentary local HQ. A 3000 strong battle weekend spectacular was planned involving the whole village, which reverted some 400 years just for the weekend. I became disgusted with the cavalier attitude of the cavaliers, which was just a bit too cavalier! So in a fit of peak I defected to the Roundheads, my shift in attitude was so profound and not taken lightly. With that single action I had reaffirmed William Baillie’s decision to fight for Cromwell and Parliament, taken in August 1648 after the surrender at Warrington. It was a fractal re-enactment in miniature of an actual event. I was immediately impressed by the Ironsides’ discipline and egalitarian attitude, which accorded well with my own subconscious memories. Martin Savage the troop commander invited me to take part in a most memorable cavalry charge, which further reinforced the memory of Dunbar 1650. It was a perfect match with the exception of numbers and that there was no wounded Jamie Lumsden to rescue.

“As the year went on, I passed all my exams, and the highlight of that year was when we went to Brill in Oxfordshire, between Aylesbury and Oxford, and we had a massed English Civil War battle with about 3,000 people. The whole village had dressed up in English Civil War costume and there were medieval instrument players and Morris Men dancing all over the place and it really was what I can only term, one of those magic moments, because when you re-enact every so often you get a time shift. Everything comes together and everything is so perfect that you suddenly take a leap back in time. I can remember in the evening on the Saturday we were there, there were people roasting oxen and music playing and Morris Dancers were so drunk they were dancing everywhere anyway. Children were climbing around under the tables and dogs were eating the bones off the floor. We sat at one of these trestle tables and I said to Larry, ‘This is just amazing. This is just like being on a film set or, even better, the real thing’.

That really was the end of the first year at University. We spent the whole weekend there, Friday to Sunday and we came home through the Underground, back home, all dressed in Cavalier gear. Of course nobody bats an eyelid in London, you all stand there in seventeenth century clothes and nobody bothers and we turned up back home.

That was another weekend of singing and I finally defected, because I got

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fed up with the Cavalier Cavalry because they were a bit too cavalier, basically. They were not very organised and had no horses of their own. They used to try and hire horses, which was a disaster, because you need horses to be trained. And this was when I met a guy called Martin Savage, because I defected, I changed sides to the Roundheads. The Roundhead Cavalry were far more organised and they had the ethos that, if you worked hard and helped them, they would let you have a ride. So Martin Savage said, ‘Sure enough, you can have a ride with us and see what you think’. They were always looking for new recruits, especially people who can ride horses.

He personally had two beautiful chestnut horses, rather large, and it was the Sunday morning on the actual final battle. They were going out to practice and Martin said, ‘Why don’t you come along?’ They had about five horses and we all mounted up and he said, ‘we’re going to charge the Cavaliers’. The Cavaliers were marked out flags flying and drums beating, and formed a formation like a Scottish schiltron, with the hedge of pikes and the musketeers on the wings in the distance. He said, ‘We’re going to charge them and have a little bit of a practice and see what happens’. I said, ‘What do I do Martin?’ because you’ve obviously got to look after the horse and make sure the horse doesn’t get injured. That’s the primary concern, especially with firearms and pikes. With a wink he said, ‘Don’t worry, the horses have been trained, just sit on top of it, don’t fall off, use your sword and hack around at the tops of the pikes’.

So, we lined up abreast, I could see the target ahead, and Martin shouted ‘Forward at the trot! (several seconds pause - then ) Charge!’ So we spurred our horses on. The horses were immediately like performing dolphins. They shot towards the target. That was very exhilarating and as the target homed in to view (this all happened in a very short space of time, maybe two minutes at the most) I thought, Oh my God they’re not going to stop?!! We’re going to hurtle ourselves onto the pikes. But, the horses, from flat out came straight up to the pikes and stopped, nearly throwing us over their heads. They then walked forward and engaged the infantry by nuzzling their heads in amongst the pikes. I dutifully was hacking away with my sword at the tops of the pikes, trying not to injure anybody, and I can remember this red- faced bloke shouting obscenities and getting really annoyed, like a football hooligan, at my boots.

The horse wove in with its head, grabbed hold of the man’s hat to the left

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and threw it up into the air with its teeth. The man’s face went white. The horse then went round to the right and the guy that had been shouting at me, the horse bit into his jacket, lifted him up with the corner of his jacket elbow, shook him and threw him on the ground. The man’s face just went absolutely white, bright red to white! The look of fear on his face was incredible. I was totally amazed at this. I never knew the horse had been trained so well. Anyway, at the sight of this guy being picked up by the horse and thrown on the ground along with the other horses doing similar tricks, the whole lot just ran away and we were left there, masters of the field. The feeling was amazing. Martin looked round at me and winked and he just said, ‘I told you they’d been trained’ and laughed.

We trotted back to our initial positions, the whole thing lasting no more than two minutes, and that was my first cavalry charge .... in this life. There is nothing quite like it. That was one of the defining moments, the excitement, the horses, the energy, the result, the power of being on a mounted horse. It gives you such a sense of superiority over the infantry, no wonder people like being in the cavalry. I had always been a cavalryman, always felt like I was in the cavalry, and that’s why. One doesn’t want to be on the ground! The horse gives you such an advantage. This was when I first realised the power of horses. Horses are extremely large and extremely intimidating!”

I had without a doubt in my own mind, just re-enacted William Baillie’s historic charge with the Ironsides at the Battle of Dunbar, September 3, 1650.

As if with that defining moment, my year long ride with the cavaliers came to an abrupt end. Other memories shifted into place and events took off in another roller coaster of a direction, this time it would be Viking memories as I became Safety boatman at Viking Bay in the seaside resort of Broadstairs for the summer season of 1975. By fortuitous chance however, I was to meet a little Dutch family on a train and that would change my whole life and lead me once more into the fractal re- enactment of the life of William Baillie. But more of this in the next chapter as it is very special! My fellow student flatmate and good friend Phil Moore (Martin Phillip Moore or Pip as he is known to his Norwich family and friends) was a keen science fiction and historical novel reader. In our second year

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at Uni, he chanced on two books by Nigel Tranter, both about the life and exploits of Jamie Graham the Marquis of Montrose. He kindly lent them to me and looking back now this is somewhat more than a coincidence. Phil is definitely a Royalist cavalier and a Prince Rupert fan, his first born son was to be called Rupert, but it was changed to Douglas at the last minute. Phil had more than the touch of a cavalier about him and with his long flowing locks and dashing good looks he was more than capable of sweeping any fair maiden off her feet! One could say that he had a passing resemblance to Freddie Mercury of Queen crossed with Lawrence Llewellyn Bowen! He became my best friend and Best man and I reciprocated in due course when he married his childhood sweetheart Carole. The Baillie-Montrose connection seemed to be relived with our relationship. Looking now I could quite easily see him taking part in Lord Goring’s cavalier cavalry charge at Martson Moor. Perhaps that was why we have such and empathy and still remain good friends up until present? At his 50th birthday he sported a Rupert Bear sweat shirt which made me chuckle, there for all the world to see was his allegiance to Prince Rupert of the Rhine, displayed somewhat unconventionally on his chest! The next bench mark of awareness came when I entered hospital for my cancer operation in 1979. Faced with the ultimate challenge I took only two small books with me, both Airfix guides, one on the American Civil War and one on the English Civil War. This for me personally was a profound act of past life memory as I had selected with my subconscious the two most precious books that meant most to my core being. The ECW book would be the first time that my conscious mind became aware of the existence of Lt General William Baillie and his exploits. Published just the year previous in 1978 the reader can see that I could have had no possible knowledge of him prior to that date. Yet my conscious mind still failed to recognise the connection, until the discovery of the portrait in December 2001. My subconscious mind must however have been ecstatic! Then just 3 weeks after the life changing operation I was give time off before beginning my radiotherapy. I chose without hesitation to go to Holland and visit the 350th exhibition of the Siege of s’Hertogenbosch 1629 - 1979. Again it was a profound William Baillie memory re-enactment of major significance. When one looks at the Triple Timeline in the appendices one can see that I was being profoundly influenced by my subconscious and the emotional events

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that were taking place in William Baillie’s life. It was as if I had no free will and I now believe that we have very limited choice in that direction; a profound and major conclusion of my work. I purchased the booklets and a poster from the exhibition. I duly put up the poster in my study and set about translating the diary of the siege into English, which I then subsequently published in 1980. This was my first book of which I sold some 50 copies at home and abroad, again courtesy of a kind review in the Airfix magazine by Stuart Asquith. Stuart continues to write about toy soldiers and such up until the present day. I remember one delightful letter from a German chap who couldn’t read Dutch, but could read English and so had bought my little book about the siege. I felt overwhelmingly that this was such an important event in Dutch history that it was a shame that there was no record of it in English. This was of course in the good old days before the advent of the Internet! Simultaneously I set about purchasing a Dutch/Spanish 25mm wargame army, which I busied myself painting in between treatments. To compound the memory I subsequently purchased a micro wargame army of Roundheads and Cavaliers in 6mm size. Upon recent inspection I found that I had painted the white cornet (flag) of Twistleton’s Horse, the regiment to which William Baillie was attached to in the years 1648 to 1652. The motivation to do this and to complete the task despite such adverse circumstances speaks volumes for the power of the subconscious memory. No other mechanism that I am aware of can produce such a sustained interest obsessively over such a great length of time, and it still continues to this day! The publication of this very book is a testament to that fact. The next summer I manifest a Scottish tower house model that I had seen in an Airfix magazine article by Ian Weekly. Again my subconscious had clocked a familiar image and I just had to build it. A few years ago whilst researching the Internet I found a picture of Lamington Tower, home of the Baillie family and although drawn from the ruins still in existence, it was without dispute the exact same as the very tower I had made. Also I noticed again in 2005 on visit to Airth Castle in Letham, Scotland that my tower was very similar to the original 12th century part of the castle that William Baillie moved into in the summer of 1642 with his family. I had therefore manifested the ancestral home of the Baillie family in miniature and the very place where William Baillie was born.

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Parallel with this I had painted a model of Sir William Baillie of Hoprig armoured and mounted on a horse charging down upon none other than the Duke of Argyll, the Campbell! I had chosen the Campbell colours from over some 200 heraldic coats of arms from an old Scottish map my mother had given me. I wonder why? My arch enemy manifest when one reads William Baillie’s story! :) In 1980 I came back from Ashford market with a saddle. Not and unusual occurrence one might say, but certainly so when one doesn’t have a horse! I was still adding to the William Baillie uniform when I found myself on a Christmas holiday to Malta in 1981. I was entranced by the arms and armour of the museum in Valetta, especially that of the cuirassiers and took many photographs. Some days later I was strolling in the silent city of Medina, when I found myself purchasing a thick leather belt in the market with the express intention of turning it into leather baldric for a sword. There was no let up and back at home I found myself swapping all of my re-enactment uniforms for a medieval sword (my Archer’s memory). The reason I swapped so easily was that the uniforms were not accurate enough and so I set about building replacements. A wheel lock pistol was purchased in Italy whilst on holiday in 1982 and a pair of rapiers from Ibiza in 1984. This culminated in the final achievement of building the second set of armour and uniform of William Baillie as depicted above, in time for going to Germany to take up my 3 year post with the army. Exactly on cue with the Triple Timeline! Looking back one can see the mounting sense of urgency at completing the task exactly on schedule with this mysterious hidden agenda. I even cut up my father-in-law’s pre-WW2 black leather motorcycle trench coat to make William Baillie’s leather jacket! I also forayed into the possibility of buying a Baillie family tartan kilt, which proved ridiculously expensive at that time. I would have to wait for the advent of the Internet and my 50th birthday to fulfil that wish. In 1984 I joined the Thanet Pistol and Sporting Gun Club exactly as William Baillie had joined the St Joris Doelen Voetboog Schieten Club at exactly the same age on cue. I wanted to shoot black powder American Civil War pistols just as William Baillie had wanted to practice the longbow from his immediate past life. The same intent and the same pattern re-enacted. I also wanted to join a German shooting club, which I did in my final year in Germany once my German was good enough. I am still a member of the Thanet Pistol and Sporting Gun

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Club and continue to practice with my black powder pistols. Do you get the feeling that our governments in charge should know about this discovery?!!! It explains a lot to do with the unresolved violent problems that persist in our world. The world is merely a waking dream fleeting from moment to moment - only consciousness is continuous. My documented work proves this beyond a shadow of a doubt! Certainly a lot of my more passionate ex-Confederate friends in America have a lot more to say on this than I do. Among them I am fortunate to count Generals’ Pickett and Gordon CSA as being among their number. Same faces and same memories and they haven’t forgotten their past exploits either! In Germany many synchronous events happened the two most important being our first summer vacation in which we drove to Italy. I found myself retracing subconsciously, the same campaign route as taken by William Baillie in 1631 and 1632. On the return journey the exact same return route again was retraced without conscious knowledge. My love for the Rhine followed not only on the route taken back to home to Holland by William Baillie, but I finally came to realise after numerous occasions of travelling along the Rhein gebiet, that I was once born on the Rhine around the year 552AD! It was that self same profound sense of being home. The exact location would be around the Loreli near St Goar Hausen and my name was Cuthwulf of the Wulfingas or simply Wulf for short. The Hunsruck, the land between the Rhine and Mosel, was my native territory, but due to bad weather and over population “I” migrated to southern England and ended up working for Cwichelm the king of Wessex. Together with Ceawlin the local king in and around the Knap hill area of Wiltshire; we were defeated by the Celts in 592AD. I lost my left eye in the shield wall that day and I still have the scar and marks to show for it. Alexander Baillie Kell shows the same scar and marks in his picture, showing that our body remembers events too. The setting was used by Tolkien to inspire The Horse Lords of Rohan and the Riddermark in Lord of the Rings. The many white horses cut into the chalk in that area still inspire the feelings today. So William Baillie felt very at home in Germany just as I do in this life. From within my deep subconscious I named my house Cwichelm in 1987 and I first went to Knap hill in 1994, aged 40. I have had the same sense of being at home there these past 12 years as I do in Germany and indeed they were linked. The second event which was perhaps more important, was my trip

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to Sweden to purchase a SAAB motor car in January 1986. Even the choice of motor car was determined by the past life pattern being sub- consciously followed. This placed me in the exact geographical position to coincide not only with William Baillie’s life pattern, but a previous Norwegian Viking pattern. That time “I” was born in Balestrand, Norway around the year 955AD. My name was Ragnar Sigurdsson, called also Ravnskjold (Raven Shield) due to my insignia, so I was revisiting old haunts literally! It seems a law of the universe that you always end up fighting your own people the next time around, if indeed you engage in fighting of course. Eventually you learn the profound lesson that we are all one and that - all fighting is such stuff and nonsense. Coming back to England I gradually packed away all of my Dutch memory-abilia and consigned it to the attic. My teaching career took over as did being a father. I studied many branches of science and mathematics culminating in my physics doctorate and the discovery of Alexander Baillie Kell in 1999. It all lay dormant there in the attic, waiting for the moment when I would discover the portrait of William Baillie in December 2001. My emotional memory had not lied - my Scottish memory and links were all suddenly tangible. I also then suddenly realised that I had spent two years on and off (1996 to 1998) building a massive subconscious model of Stirling castle in my garage, again without knowing, much as the famous scene in the film Close Encounter of the Third Kind. Finally to celebrate and in memory of that fine royalist rebel Jamie Graham, Marquis of Montrose who gave me such a hard time. I purchased a Baillie family tartan kilt complete with highland dress in time for my 50th birthday. My wife was amazed, but has since got used to the idea. Her first comment was, “It looks like a military uniform!” and I thought exactly so!!!

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Chapter Three

The Dutch Connection De Nederlandse Connectie

We are everything - we are the universe and everything is contained with in us. All things are connected and it only needs a specific trigger for it to be manifest by our actions into physical reality. All of us are far more powerful and capable than we believe. The barriers have been self imposed and as such restrict our thought patterns. We just need self- belief and to start using our minds consciously as superb tools of discovery in order to break the past patterns that chain us to this cradle of existence. We then become free to move on and swim through the universe as were meant to do, nurturing life on other planets and galaxies as guardian keepers of this vast and wonderful creation. The synchronicity of time with former physical selves in this present time bubble means that our subconscious tunes into the emotional state being experienced simultaneously by our other physical personas. We resonate as so many physical tuning forks set at the same harmonic note. In my case this has been extremely specific, so precise, in fact bang on to be as accurate as a Swiss watch. In the summer of 1973 I went to Carnet de Mar, Spain, just north of Barcelona. My father had taken me there previously in 1969 and it seemed odd to be in a Catholic country full of fiestas and fireworks, yet I was fascinated by the arms and armour. The Spanish have always produced good steel. Back in the 1960’s tourism was still taking off under the iron grip of General Franco and tourist gifts were being manufactured in order to bolster the economy. The much loved Spanish donkeys that people bought back on aeroplanes were not for me. I was much more into medieval weapons and armour. Being only 12 and with not much money my first purchase was of course, a cannon. Just as I had

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grabbed that first cannon brooch aged 18 months. I intuitively purchased a familiar object. It was a large 17th century heavy field piece and I was a little upset to find when I go home that I couldn’t fire it! The barrel being only cast was not of ordinance quality. Also it contained a Spanish coat of arms, which for some reason played on my mind. As we now know William Baillie spent a large part of his life fighting the Catholic repression of the Holy Roman Empire and her Spanish armies. Finding comfort in the familiar I returned with my old school friend Larry (Lårs) Hemmings after my A level exams in the summer of `73. I spent most of my youth swimming in, on or under the sea, returning to and exercising my dolphin memory. The campsite was as always frequented by many Dutch people or Netherlanders to give them their proper title. These wonderful friendly folk were extremely easy to get on with and I made several contacts. It was during the last week of the holiday, we had been there for almost a month, that we met with some of our Dutch friends in the bar. It was mid week and we often met there to play songs on our guitars and have a drink. It was about 10:30 pm when I found myself talking with a Dutch lad and my head was starting to spin merrily. Just enough so that I had to focus extra carefully in order to pay attention to what he was saying. I asked him why nobody spoke Dutch and the reply came,” Nobody speaks or bothers learning Dutch, because it is a small country, we all speak English and it is too difficult!” This last phrase echoed in my mind as I regarded it as a sort of challenge. “It can’t be that difficult,” I replied and that thought echoed and reverberated in my mind. He then attempted to get me to pronounce the soft guttural “g” which to my amazement I found I could do, as it was very much like the “ch” in the Scottish word for a large body of standing water - loch. But, how could I do this? “You seem to be a natural,” he said in an amazed tone, “Let’s try some more!” The next sound was the letter “k” as in the Scottish word - Kirk, which is Kerk in Dutch and Church in English. That was easy, so now he said,” Could I roll my r’s?” Again no problem. It was time then for the ultimate test, could I pronounce the diphthong “ui” also the Dutch word for onion. That was when I suddenly realised my limitations as it is not that easy for the English accustomed tongue and mouth. But all in all, not a bad start and he was genuinely amazed. As if to celebrate the Dutch party accelerated and we decided to order a bucket of sangria, which we duly took with us onto the beach. After crossing the railroad tracks I can hazily remember sitting with my back to an old fishing boat and singing

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with my guitar as the party continued for some two hours or more. It would have gone on indefinitely, but for the sudden interruption of flash lights and dogs! It was the Guardia Civil who had come to break up the party, we scattered and one guy even ran into the sea rather than be arrested! They usually took their job very seriously and could be seen patrolling the railroad tracks daily armed with rifles. Anyway, nobody was going to stay around to be arrested and spend the night in jail, so we scattered. I made my way back through a circuitous route via some scrub bushes to the camp site. On reaching the safety of our tent we heaved a sigh of relief. This was short lived as a Guardia Civil officer came walking along past our tent. I thought the only thing was to be polite and said good evening, sir in Spanish. It worked and he politely replied, asked for a light for his cigarette and continued on his way. Phew! It all seems so trivial now, but the atmosphere was so very different before the advent of democracy in Spain after General Franco’s death. All in all it was a pretty memorable start to my Dutch speaking career. Armed with a new subconscious agenda suddenly made conscious, I returned to England. The fertile seed would lie dormant until I started to work on the railway in the January of 1974. I then suddenly decided to pick up the Dutch language challenge. I purchased a teach yourself Dutch phrase book and a Dutch dictionary from W H Smith’s in Ramsgate, my home town at the time. The phrases seemed OK, but I needed to go to Holland to practice the pronunciation. I made three trips that spring to break the monotony of work. I think now that my subconscious must have latched onto the fact that one of my Dutch camping friends came from Middelburg in Zeeland, which is but a stones throw from Vlissingen the home port of Admiraal De Ruyter. It therefore became a point of obsession to get there. I drew maps of the town, made plans and lists of ferry and train times, clothes and equipment etc. I also noted that a car ferry delivering new Volkswagens regularly went from Vlissingen to Ramsgate and back, but my hopes for a passage on that ship were not to come to fruition due to expense. Instead I took 3 days sick leave from my job and made my way to Dover to catch the British Rail ferry to Ostende. I had worked 52 days non stop and my brain was about to explode with boredom, when I left. Since that time I have prized knowledge and quality of life above money at all times. Most people did not travel abroad at the time, let alone have

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a passport. It was beyond the average person’s comprehension to do what I was doing, but I was determined and unstoppable. Driven on by my subconscious patterns I took my first faltering steps leaping into unknown, yet somehow vaguely familiar territory. I was unaware at the time just how much our Baillie family history is tied up with Flanders. We are descended from Norwegian Vikings that settled in Flanders and then came to England in 1066 with Duke William. Being relatively poor knights we found our way up to Scotland and settled there at Lamington, Lanarkshire, near present day Glasgow. My father must have been subconsciously aware though too, for my first trip abroad was to Knokke in Belgium at the age of 18 months. My Dutch friends in Middelburg were constantly amazed at my efforts to speak Dutch and were so glad to see me try. I rode on the back of a moped (bromfiets) to the local cafe, drunk Dutch coffee and even found myself in a de ja vu situation when I visited Vlissingen. To get there I had navigated my way along the Belgium coast by tram, then bus through the boarder town of Sluis and then by ferry across the Scheldt from Breskens to Vlissingen. Then again by train onto Middelburg, why? Simply to satisfy a subconscious urge to relive a past pattern that I had no knowledge of? !!! Extreme is one way of looking at it, just plain crazy another. I made two trips to Middelburg and then met another hitch- hiking Dutch friend called Hans on the ferry coming back from Ostende. I was using written Dutch language from my book reading, which made Hans laugh at my vocabulary and phrasing, which must have sounded just plain weird. He suggested that I use cartoon books to learn verbal language, which is something that I do to this day. I particularly like Asterix in Dutch and Kuifje, who is known as Tin Tin in English. I also have quite a collection of other gummi boeken from the childish and humorous, to sci-fi and really way out. All have helped me immensely in conquering Dutch. My trip to see Hans in Utrecht was quite unusual, in that he was out when I got there! He had decided at the last minute to hitch-hike to Spain to see his girl friend for the weekend and had forgotten that I was coming. That was the sort of go anywhere anytime guy he was, which encouraged me no end in my travels. Having spent the night alone in his flat, the neighbours had said that he had just popped out and was expected back, I went home next day. I had a memorable 6 hour stop over at the Hoek van Holland port waiting area. The Dutch were playing Brazil in the 1974 World Cup and I joined in with all the Dutch supporters who were unaware that I was

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“English”. A sore point, for although I feel I am Scottish, I was born in Folkestone on the south coast of England, and so am technically English. My first stop that summer on my Inter-rail tour of Europe with Larry was Amsterdam. I remember visiting the Rijksmuseum, seeing the Nacht Wacht – Night Watch, our intended target and then getting a sudden de ja vu jolt as I saw the stern decoration of the English Flag Ship - Royal Sovereign, taken during the Battle of The River Medway by Admiraal De Ruyter’s Fleet (1667). It was in the next summer of `75 that I met quite by not so random chance, but coincidence, the most wonderful Dutch family one could ever wish to meet. Mijnheer and Mevrouw Endstra (Harry and Nicole), had been on a day trip to London with their 16 year old daughter José who was studying English. They were returning to Dover in order to catch the ferry back to Belgium and then to drive back to their campsite at Breskens in Zeeland. Breskens by coincidence is exactly opposite Vlissingen on the other side of the Scheldt river estuary. The train I had boarded was delayed for some 40 minutes in Ramsgate station and although I was somewhat frustrated by this, I could hear Dutch being spoken behind me. So without further ado I introduced myself and asked if I could practice my Dutch. They were stunned and amazed that an Englishman should be doing this. Waarom? Hoe kan dat? – Why? How can that be? - was the overwhelming question in their minds and so intrigued, they asked me? I explained that I was an agricultural student at university in Newcastle upon Tyne and that I was interested in Dutch farming and Holland. Mevrouw Endstra warmed to this immediately as she came from a farming background in Boxtel, Noord Brabant. Crucially she also remembered the Tommies as she affectionately called them, the some 130 British parachute troops that landed on her farm at the close of WW2 and stayed for six weeks. “They fell like petals from the sky,” she would tell me and with that single event 4 years of Nazi occupation was bought to an end. Being only 21 at the time she had been very emotional about the whole affair and was eternally grateful to the soldiers that brought her and her beloved country liberation. The bond was instant. The subconscious connection had been made, unbeknown to any of us consciously at that time. A cast iron link in the pattern of my life had been forged, which would remain there for the next 30 years and beyond. Lasting relationships are indeed an indication that

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something far deeper is at work. For love endureth all things as the saying goes and it sure does. Once found in the physical atomic matrix of our everyday reality we never let go. We are linked timelessly. We exchanged addresses and I returned to my lifeguard/safety boatman summer job at Viking Bay Broadstairs and the moment passed. My surprise was complete when in the last week of August I received a postcard from Mevrouw Endstra inviting me to visit Noord Brabant. Having nothing planned as the summer vacation job had finished a month early due to lack of Council funds, I decided that it would be a good experience to visit such an important agricultural area and meet the familie Endstra properly. My university tutors would also be suitably impressed that I had not just spent my summer on a beach. So in early September I packed my backpack and left for what I thought would be a couple of days visit in Boxtel. I stayed 3 weeks! The whole episode seemed meant to be and I was able to go with the flow, enjoying the company of such wonderful hospitable people. I was learning so fast that my Dutch came on leaps and bounds and as I tutored José in English so she would tutor me in Dutch. The empathy was total. I felt immediately at home, such a feeling of belonging, of finding something you didn’t know was lost and then being given it back. It was an amazing experience driven by warmth and love. The words Mama en Papa came so easily and I was very much Mama’s Engelse zoon - her English son. A title that made me emotional at times, yet I couldn’t understand why? It all seemed like random chance, but was it? The answer has to be a resounding no! I was reliving a past memory without a doubt. William Baillie and the other Scottish troops had been taken in by the Dutch folk during the siege of s’Hertogenbosch 1629 and had lived with them for some 6 months. It could well be that we were unknowingly re-enacting this experience. Mama certainly had relived the - taking in of the Tommies 1944 and Den Bosch is but a stones throw from Boxtel. For me the approach to Den Bosch across the Vughte Heide is still such a de ja vu experience. The surviving city walls with cannons still mounted, front an impressive timeless vista of St Jan’s cathedral and the city sky line. It is the exact same vista that William Baillie knew so well for an intense period of six months during the summer of 1629. In January 1976 my father died suddenly and unexpectedly. The void in my life left by his passing was cataclysmic. My soul mate, mentor

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and friend had left me to it, just when I was getting to appreciate him for his true depth and character. It was total inconsolable loss - a soldier is always afraid of becoming too emotionally attached or involved with another being or place. It is the universal Achilles heal that prevents him or her from doing the job of protecting others, especially women and children, on whom the continuance of our species depends. All Celts are taught from an early age to love, honour and respect their women folk - it is their sacred duty. It bonds Celtic society together. The Romans never could understand that. They treated women and children as property or goods that could be bought and sold. Not so with us. I was quite shaken and still reeling, grasping for a reality safety rail, when Mevrouw Endstra learning of my plight took the initiative and secured a summer job work placement for me at the Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren (Animal Health Laboratories) at Boxtel in Noord Brabant. I learnt many years later that she had talked with an old friend Mijnheer van Daal the Onder Director and said in so many words that I would not be able to complete my studies without some financial input due to my father’s demise. It was through their combined generosity of spirit that I found myself that June heading for Holland in my beat up old Volkswagen beetle. It was a mobile disaster, 10 years old with masses of rust and a catastrophic oil leak. Yet I did love that old car - my first. Purchased for £200, I was stunned when I found that I could purchase a 5 year old one in Holland for £100 and I had paid £60 for the hovercraft fare! It also bought back fond memories of two German friends, Ingo and Dieter from Spain. Both conscript soldiers serving their 3 years national service, Dieter was a Panzer commander and Ingo a radio operator and they drove their Volkswagen exactly like their tank! I was to spend the next three months working at the Laboratory where I would make many enduring friendships. It turned out to be a very hot summer in 1976. Drought restrictions were enforced in southern England as water supplies dried up. The West Country suffered a drought of biblical proportions as Europe sweltered under the summer sun. But for me the sun and the sea were there to be enjoyed as was the chance of really learning some Dutch. José would be my outstanding teacher as we headed each weekend for Vlissingen on the Zeeland coast. That place again! Home of Anneke Adriaansdater, sister of Admiraal Michiel Adriaanzoon de Ruyter and wife of William Baillie. Is it any wonder then that the de ja vu connections came flooding forcefully back?

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My past life languages were beginning to link up, Old English, Viking Norse, Middle English, German and Dutch all compliment each other. Super imposed on these to a lesser extent were Greek and Latin, but constant working in similar languages in past lives obviously has an accumulative effect, such that one has an extensive vocabulary without really knowing - one already has the knowledge. Familiar situations just allow it to extrude from the deep ROM subconscious memory. I have certainly found myself using many Dutch and German words/phrases from memory without any conscious learning input from this lifetime. I call it intuitive pronunciation and language usage. My old friend Jan Sander’s demonstrates this perfectly, his command and love of English goes way beyond his learning experiences in this lifetime. He even prefers to be called John rather than his Dutch name Jan and he is so comfortable, or at home, when he is in England. Just as I am in Holland and that as I know now is simply because it was my home once upon a time.

There is a reason for all things and all things have a reason; nothing, absolutely nothing is left to random chance, all is design!

My linguistic adventures continued unabated, during the day I worked in Dutch, with a little English if I got stuck and then in the evening with José I would study some more. The whole experience was extremely intense and fatiguing, but it is the only way to really learn a language. Our mutual interest in art and music, especially playing the guitar helped our developing relationship. Teaching is the best way to learn and for the first time I could see why I spoke English and how it was constructed. In teaching José, I taught myself that which I should have been taught at school. It was a common fault then, that just because we were born English we were never taught the basics! Consequently we had no idea of the structure of our own language, which for me made tackling learning another language such as French at school very difficult. Things have improved now thank goodness. I was also heavily into the imagery of Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings - In der ban van der ring, which I read then in Dutch after reading it 4 times in English and subsequently I drew many pictures. I know now that my own continuity of consciousness had made parallels between my own Anglo- Saxon/Viking memory and the book. All seemed to meld into a seamless holistic experience, which was truly magical. In giving we receive and

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the process accelerated exponentially that summer for I even began to dream in Dutch. Mevrouw Endstra grasped the significance of what was happening with our academic adventures and one night I returned home to find a marvellous collection of ex-library books from the Biblotheek next door. All manner of gummi boeken and history books were there. The accelerated Dutch experience was further intensified by our continuing trips at the weekend to the beach at Vlissingen. The unusually hot summer making it particularly memorable and literally burning it indelibly into our collective consciousness. I loved the sea and it felt like magically returning home each weekend, the long car journey adding to the anticipation. Also I remember, when asked, strangely not wishing to go to the Breskens beaches on the south side of the Scheldt estuary. I was much happier on the echte Zeeuwse Vlissingen side, which I regarded as being in the real Holland - Echte Nederland. A very powerful de ja vu experience occurred whilst watching Dutch TV one evening. I was totally captivated by a historical soap that featured a blonde girl living by the dijks next to the sea. Although it was set in the 19th century its retrospective historical time setting only added to the mesmerising effect of the girl and the sea. I sought in vain to find the programme the next week and can remember being quite disappointed for some unknown reason. A reason that makes complete sense to me now for I was merely trying to re-capture those elusive memories once more. It was then that my English fiancée came to visit and again fate played its part. My aged Volkswagen developed a fatal oil leak on the journey back to Calais, so without further ado I piled it onto the hovercraft, dumped it in England and returned via ferry from Sheerness to Vlissingen. The significance of this universal intervention can be seen in the historic photograph I took of Pauline with the statue of Admiraal De Ruyter that summer of 1976. Quite by chance I found that all images collided when I turned a corner and came face to face with the Admiraal!. Spontaneously I took a picture, positioning Pauline in between the cannons and below the Admiraal’s imposing gaze. I then carried that photograph with me for 24 years in my wallet, until it became so dog eared that I had to retire it from active duty. It was only on examining it recently that I noticed the significance of what I had written on the back:

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Vlissingen 1976 Admiraal De Ruyter

Not Pauline!!!!!!!!!!!!!

How could I have done that? Surely the Admiraal was not more important than my fiancée? Not unless my subconscious memory was on overdrive and that bizarre link was more important to my core being than the actual present. Later I took Pauline for a day trip to Amsterdam and again took a historic photograph of her sat on the steps of the Dam square opposite the palace. In both cases, I am sure now that I was subconsciously remembering Anneke Adriaansdater, William Baillie’s Dutch wife. We went together to the Rijksmuseum and saw the Nacht Wacht - Night Watch. The imagery and the time frame were exact and the coincidences all came together. I cannot consciously remember seeing the Schuttersmaaltijd during that visit, but I do remember the profound subconscious boot strap pull caused by seeing the stern plaque of the Royal Sovereign, for the second time, captured and taken in the Dutch naval raid on the Medway in 1667. I think now that had José been stood there that day in front of the statue of Admiraal De Ruyter and the Dam Paleis, then it would have actually been William Baillie’s Dutch wife there! For the empathetic subconscious link had always been present. I only knew later that José loved Scotland and I remember her showing me brochures and postcards of Scotland around 1982. But it was only in October 2004 that I realised the significance of it all, after some 22 years had lapsed. I learnt miraculously from Papa Endstra that José and Claus had had three children - Dick, Bonnie and Maggie. I recognised the Scottish names as soon as Papa told me, but I had to wait until Christmas day 2004, when I was able to speak quite by amazing coincidence to José to get the full story. They had only had the children after visiting Scotland! The mystery was put to rest as José related the tale of how she was able to conceive after visiting Scotland. For me the case was solved. She must have the subconscious memory of William Baillie’s wife Anneke. But that is for her to intuit and for me to speculate as only the person them self can tell through their own emotions whether or not that is the case. The portrait, however, of Admiraal De Ruyter and his third family

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may give us a clue here. For off to the far right is a portrait of Neeltje - Cornelia de Ruyter, his daughter by the second marriage and she is the image of Anneke Adriaansdater who would have been her Auntie Annie - Tante Anneke. The portrait certainly bears a resemblance to José and might just give us a DNA linked glimpse at the face of Anneke “Annie” Baillie? Yet another circumstantial connection exists, that if my father had the memory of Jamie Baillie, William Baillie’s son, then he could well have named my sister Ann after the memory of Jamie and his mother Anneke “Annie” Baillie! Certainly too the reiteration of the name endings in ie shows that José and Claus are fully conversant with the Scottish tradition of ending names with ie instead of y which is the English tradition. Therefore José - I dedicate this discovery to you! It is a celebration of the miracle that we call life. For we have both found our separate physical paths, but they are forever spiritually linked in past life patterns. Children are a sublime gift even though at times this may not seem the case! Pauline and Harriet thus successfully completed the American Civil war memory of Alexander Baillie Kell and José with Dick, Maggie and Bonnie have completed the William Baillie memory. For Sarah “Sallie” Spalding never married Baillie and lost her one and only baby the night that it as born in 1867. Anneke Adriaansdater Baillie had three children, Jamie, William and Marion, so José had to have three children! We are both lucky to have received the gift of children and our collective past patterns are therefore healed and complete.

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Chapter Four

Astrology and Language in action

Returning to the long hot summer of 1976 José’s sister Berna turned up in her Citroen 2CV one evening. Berna was a free spirited Gemini, born coincidentally in the same month and year as myself. Her long shoulder length curly black hair was a perfect contrast to José’s long straight blonde hair. José was 5 years younger than myself and coincidentally born in the same month of the same year as my sister Ann, both Pisces, with but one day’s difference. Even more coincidental José was born on the same day and month as Alexander Baillie Kell - February 23. Now as I was invited into Berna’s flat in s’Hertogenbosch, a city that was somehow familiar yet “new” to me. A certain Irish young lady called Rose-Mary O’Sullivan with similar looks and with the hair colouring of Berna, coincidentally born on the 14th day of the same month and year as José, was on the beach in Hythe near Folkestone, England engaged in similar activities as ours in Vlissingen. I would meet Rosie in 1997 when we merged schools and she would turn out to have the same name and subconscious memory as that of Alexander Baillie Kell’s Irish fiancée Mary Sullivan. Had I been on that beach instead of Vlissingen in Holland my own personal “his” story might have been very different. But the universe knew what it was doing and so the stories played themselves out exactly as they should have done and according to a life pattern script set down in America 140 years ago and in Holland nearly 400 years ago. I however, as the universe conspired, was now sat in a flat in s’Hertogenbosch surrounded by two beautiful, fiercely intelligent and passionate young women. Berna looking exactly like Mary Sullivan and José looking like Sarah Sallie Spalding of Sapelo Island, Georgia, both loves of Alexander Baillie Kell, who called himself Baillie! No wonder my subconscious was performing the most extra-ordinary cartwheels

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and de ja vu loop the loops. José to cap it all also looked like William Baillie’s Dutch wife Anneke from the previous past life, to the previous past life! To complicate matters further my English fiancée had the same face and memory of Sarah Elizabeth “Sallie” Spalding from Sapelo Island, plus her long blonde hair and the same middle name Elizabeth! I think that the reader might be getting the idea of how extraordi- nary this amazing universe is? If we strip away the atoms then we are left with timeless individual droplets of consciousness interacting with each other regardless of historical time. Reconciling all of these past patterns seems to be what this present time and space is all about. I call it the 2012 effect and the end of our present time bubble as the Mayan timekeepers predicted. I have constantly observed people waking up over these past several years to realising exactly who they are and this indeed is what my books are all about. Compounding this, my Dutch learning was beginning to intellectu- ally wear me down too, as you can imagine. As I thought I would never make any progress and was on the verge of giving up. I was then suddenly invited out to a local bar by some students I had been working with at the laboratory. They had just finished a particularly messy two week job and were out to party. I ventured out a little nervously. I was not even sure if I had the right place and in fact also turned up an hour or so early. Having drunk my one and only beer, I was about to leave when they all turned up. Edward leading the pack reminded me a lot of my school chum Stevie Brooks from my rugby days. He had the same shock of blonde hair and the same devil may care attitude. It was he who had invited me to join them for the celebratory drink. The evening passed and at one precise moment the break point came. Edward turned to his girlfriend and said in Dutch, “Oh by the way Jan is English!” She replied in Dutch,” No way, I don’t believe you, you are making a joke!” I understood and immediately said in English,” That’s right, I am English!” Her jaw dropped as she realised that it was no have on and she laughed. The group carried on with their merriment and at last we said our farewells. On the way home I realised that I had cracked the magic psychological barrier to learning a foreign language. I had talked away for two or more hours with this young lady thinking that I was a Dutch lad! It was as though I had climbed a mountain and had reached the top. Now going down the other side there would be no stopping me, my

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confidence soared and from then on I just absorbed everything effortlessly. José continued her tutoring and I with renewed confidence was able to give as good as I got. The “ui” sound diphthong was cracked dramatically as we rode into Den Bosch one day. José was having fun with my pronunciation of huis, t’huis and muis, which came out as house, touse and mouse as in English! Frustrated, I kept trying. Then all of a sudden I mastered it. Eureka! - It was as a scene from George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion made famous in the film My Fair Lady. By Jove he’s got it! I had cracked the final barrier to my fluency in Dutch. Was it to do with being in the familiar surroundings of Den Bosch? Certainly we travelled more often to Eindhoven the home of Philips with its futuristic flying saucer shaped museum called the Evoluon. Mrs Endstra was more in love with the modern futuristic present, were as I wanted to go back to the more historical past of s’Hertogenbosch. The end of the summer came all too soon, but not before we had visited Groningen in the north and had taken part in an inter-laboratory Gezondheidsdienst sport dag. Noord Brabant, Friesland, Drente and Groningen all taking part in a giant Spel zonder grensen just 3 days after they had film the It’s a Knockout TV show of the same name in the same place. On that trip I teamed up with Yolanda Rosmalen who was quite shy and quiet, yet was a karate black belt. She also looked remarkably similar to Rose-Mary O’Sullivan/Mary Sullivan. Although just a friendship it was the same pattern repeating from my subconscious imagery as before. Finally I said a sad farewell to my little Dutch family and returned to university to complete the final year. I wore my Dutch clogs every week as I did my field research to remind me of my magical summer and the time went quickly by. The following year I was married to my English fiancée Pauline on September 10, 1977 and so the past life jinx was broken. José and Mama came to the wedding, which made it complete. After a one day disastrous foray into the wonderful world of Building Society employment, I started my post graduate studies in gaining a teaching qualification. Having successfully completed the examination with merit, I returned to work at the ENCEBE slachterij in Boxtel. I was still pursuing my Dutch dream that summer of 1978, whilst waiting for my first teaching post at St George’s School – there’s that name again! The work was hard and heavy, but the money was good. I remember personally loading 28 tons of pork sides into a number of large

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vrachtwagens one Saturday morning, in just 4 hours! It certainly put muscles on your muscles and was a first class fitness routine. The loading manager was so pleased with our double quick effort that he gave us all a handsome side of pork rack of ribs to take home. I duly gave them to Mama who was most pleased. José had now matured into a fine young woman and was still the excellent teacher she always was. She had also been successful with her advanced English studies. It was then that I developed a sudden interest in the history of the Netherlands - Nederlandse geschiedenis and read all that I could in my spare time. I had previously made Mama some toy soldiers, figures from the 17th century carrying the Boxtelse vlag, which contains a number of little ducks on several blue and white stripes and gives rise to the nickname for the town of Eendegat - literally Duck pond. I also painted on it St Peter with his keys as St Piet’s Kerk is the local main Catholic church in Boxtel. I drew several sketches from history books to make some more accurate figures when I returned home. Among the collection of ex-library books was Dr E J Elias’ Tachtigejaaroorlog boek- 80 Years War book, which was a visual treat for anybody interested in that particularly crucial period of Dutch history. The excellent artwork on the cover of a squad of Dutch cuirassiers attacking and earthwork, with the storming from barges, of a besieged town in the background appealed to my visual eye. The colour, the movement and the clarity bring the viewer as a time traveller to the scene. I could almost smell the gunpowder, it was that good! It was then one evening afterwards, that I subconsciously doodled the picture of William Baillie, whilst José studied. I started with the face and the figure just emerged from the blank paper with every stroke of my ink pen. Every detail was there even the date fitted the portrait for accuracy- Een Hellebaardier van Oranje 1627. My subconscious, had somehow connected all the pieces of the puzzle together and manifest them onto paper so that my conscious mind could observe the result. All too soon again it was time to return back to England to take up my first teaching post at St George’s Church of England School, Broadstairs. Even the name echoed the Sint Joris Doelen - St George’s Shooting club that William Baillie belonged to and I had been living at Ons Doelstraat 1, Boxtel. This is so far beyond a total coincidence as to not be a coincidence, it has to be design!!! It should be explained that a doel is a goal or target in Dutch and the Doelen were the shooting or target practising clubs in Amsterdam. The Handboog doelen (Cross

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bow club) the Voetboog doelen (Long bow club) and most famous of all the Cloveniers doelen (Musketeers club) to which the company of the Nacht Wacht - Night Watch belonged. My subconscious had seen something in that book, it was on reflection a town scene of soldiers being paid off by Pauwels van Hillegaert (1595/6 – 1640), for I immediately purchased another copy when I saw it for sale in the Slechte boek winkel in Eindhoven. Just as with the post card, I had purchased a duplicate so that the information would not be lost! Dutch thoughts continued to invaded my conscious mind all of the time. I started to teach Dutch locally in my spare time and I even named our first bungalow Het Huukske, which is Brabant’s dialect for The Little Corner, for no part of my world remained untouched by the Dutch experience. A state of affairs that remains as strong today as it did yesterday the enduring Dutch memory only being eclipsed for strength by my American Civil War memory especially during the 3 years after discovering the Baillie Kell photograph that led to the writing of the first book. I knew that I had to focus objectively in order to achieve that goal. Afterwards I felt that I had let my Dutch friends down by excluding them from my thoughts, but in typical open Dutch fashion they didn’t mind, because they knew that I had to get it out of my system and down onto paper. The same remains with this story. I feel compelled to get all of this down on paper for the record and to finally lay the zeit geist, memory ghost of William Baillie to rest. In 1980 after my year long battle with cancer I found a new surge of energy. The krakers - squatters had been battling with the Politie in Amsterdam during the summer. I purchased a photograph book on the subject as it fascinated me, it was entitled Even geduld deze straat is gekraakt - A moments patience this street is taken over by squatters. It marked an important point in what became know as the Straat Oorlog - Street War, with an equally strong shift in political attitude to alter peoples’ democratic rights. I remember producing a simple wargame scenario for my friend Jan Sander’s who used it successfully to stimulate conversation over the issue in his English classes. In order to eject the krakers the Amsterdamse Politie used their special Mobile Unit the Mobiele Eenheid. With a typical William Baillie sense of humour, I had some T shirts made up with the logo - Mobiele Eenheid on! I also had a sun visor fitted to my car with the same logo to complete the “joke”. Every time we drove onto a campsite in Europe for two summers all the Dutch people would take a double look. Eventually curiosity would get

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the better of them and they would come over for a chat. It was a great way to get to practice Dutch! I would explain that I was literally a mobile unit, as I was a unit that was mobile! The joke was always appreciated and it was an example of having fun with language. I was in my subconscious mind on hindsight however, remembering with physical age synchronicity William Baillie working for the Dutch authorities as a soldier. In 1982 I felt well enough to return to Boxtel, I had survived a nightmare journey and needed to reaffirm my links with my little Dutch family and my friends, all of whom I had missed terribly. José introduced me to her boyfriend Claus, who coincidentally was training to be a teacher. I was so pleased that she had found an ideal partner and that her life would be happy. Later I would see the wedding pictures of the happy couple standing under and arch of soft ball bats held high by the children from Claus’ sports team that he coached. It was an enduring image that completed the journey begun in 1975. For even though I had been unable to be at the wedding, I still felt part of something special. I had the exact same feeling in October 2004 when after a 22 year gap I saw for the first time the photographs of their 3 children. Now the story really was complete. Remarkably one last act of subconscious memory remains to be told of in order to close this chapter, I purchased a St George and the Dragon sweat shirt from my first school and gave it to José, which she wore with pride when I returned after my illness. I only realised the significance of this when I reviewed the photograph of her wearing it, whilst collecting together the research material for this book. I had given William Baillie’s past life Dutch wife a shirt bearing the timeless logo that symbolised the core of the William Baillie experience, for all things in his world revolved around the St George’s Shooting Club of Amsterdam. It was a profound message from one person’s subconscious to another person’s subconscious, which said, “I recognise who you are and I value your company on this universal journey of existence!”

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Chapter Five

Memory Markers

Readers can identify their own past life memories by learning how to observe their own conscious behaviour. This chapter explains how to do this by giving examples that have helped to identify the memory of William Baillie as part of my own subconscious memory reservoir. Analysing the objects collected in one’s house can pay unfold dividends, as the collecting of particular themes or cultures can lead to the identi- fication of subconscious memories. I have come across people with large amounts of Egyptian memory-abilia and when asked I find that they have been on perhaps two or three holidays there. Returning to the same country in that fashion is again a good indicator or a memory. Another lady colleague of mine, Brigette, has a large collection of pictures, but only of females, it transpired that she had the past life memory of a French nun from the middle ages. She also has the repressed memory of being a Cathar and suffering in the Cathar persecutions of the early 13th century. Interestingly despite being born French, she hates France, yet her surname is linked with a specific type of Cathar cross only found in one village in the south west of France. The universe is very good at leaving clues like this if only one can learn to read the language. Association with an anomalous object is a sure sign, showing that people often overtly carry their sub-conscious memories around with them. In my particular case it is in the form of key ring objects. My house keys contain a piece of stags antler, which was my mothers and reminds me of her, but also of Scotland, which she loved and going deeper my own memory of building stone circles in the Orkneys around 3500 years ago. Antler bone along with flint made “our” first tools for surviving. Talking of which, people who carry fire and a knife have definitely been here before! Ray Mears, TV’s Bushcraft presenter, is

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perhaps an excellent example of this need to relive our collective or personal own past. For one cannot survive on this planet without those two essentials. Even if they are reduced to the symbolism of a small pocket knife and a cigarette lighter and even if one does not smoke, they never the less remain as living tangible icons of memory. One new lad at school several years ago called Cameron, asked me on his first day, why the picture of Baillie Kell looked like me? I said do you want the politically correct version of the explanation or the truth? He said, the truth, so I told him, after which he said, “Oh no problem, I died on Omaha beach in 1944, here’s my zippo lighter!” At this point he produced and struck up a petrol driven zippo lighter, much favoured by American soldiers in the 1940’s. Now I would say this is not normal for a 12 year old! It transpired that he had a distinctive first person memory of being a Captain of Rangers aged around 26 who came from Brooklyn. Cameron described in detail that he wasn’t a particularly nice character, got caught up in the draft, conscripted and died on D Day June 6, 1944. I’ve got a real thing about the two bars that signify a Captain’s rank in the US Army he continued to enthusiastically inform me. Interestingly DNA wise his father was German and indeed his surname was German, but his mother was Scottish. One is temped to speculate as to the past life connections that exist within the family group, was for example his father the one who shot him on that fateful day? In such a way -

Just as Baillie Kell had an Irish surname, because, William Baillie disliked the Irish and spent a large part of his life fighting against them! To compound the lesson he would fall unsuccessfully in love with an Irish Catholic girl.

Familiarity with food, drink and languages may also be a strong indicator. I am Teutonic. I gravitate to northern languages such as Dutch, German and Norwegian, were as my friend Robert gravitates towards Latin languages, he is fluent in French and Italian. His temperament is also very Latin/Celt, he is driven by his emotions, always very emotional, were as I am more cool and practical with but a tinge of Scottish Celtic feminine emotion for balance. A simple maxim is that past life memory dolphins will always choose sea food, if there is a choice and it is on the menu! Wolves will always choose meat! Consciousness has to evolve and come from somewhere, for it is not just

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our physical bodies that are evolving in time. Evolution from higher mammals is a distinct possibility and may have led to the early Church banning the pagan rituals that involved humans dressing up as animals. They certainly feared the reversion of the human spirit to animal practises. Persistence of interest is another clue. The interest may get stronger or weaker, but it never leaves totally. Skills are another indicator, as with musical instruments, the desire to take up an instrument and to make rapid progress or self teach oneself may indicate a past life memory of some sort. With myself it was the guitar, I taught myself when 10 years of age and made rapid progress when I was 17. I later found out the Baillie Kell played the guitar and loved to sing. He also played the violin, but as I said in Rebel Spirit my sister put me off that idea with her practising! I even found myself picking up a violin the other day at school and I very quickly found that I could intuitively handle it and get not only some reasonable musical notes, but also a simple tune. Paul Karabin, aka General George E Pickett CSA, with the same face and same memory, has recently taken up the fiddle and has rapidly progressed to the point of playing Dixie for his fallen boys at Gettysburg this July of this year, 2006. He attracted a large number of balls of light which were photographed and one in particular contained the face and shoulders of a rebel soldier! I plan to write that story up as part of my next book on Paul and the General Pickett case. Interestingly enough Paul actually had restored violins for a long time, way before he even realised that he had General Pickett’s face and memory. When introduced to something 90% of people will start enthusiastically then fall by the wayside. The past life memory person connected with that activity will not. They will be part of that 10 % or so that keep going with it very often for life. Dressing in a similar past life style is another wonderful visual clue. As fashions have relaxed over the years more and more people are dressing as they often used to. It is both familiar and comfortable, many retro fashions had practical uses that we have forgotten about e.g. high waist trousers and short jackets enabled horse riding to take place. On lady said that she always lifted the hem of her skirt to cross a street, yet with no need, for modern streets are seldom muddy and dresses are that seldom long. In 1996, I suddenly realised as I observed my shadow whilst walking along Herne Bay sea front on a hot summer’s day that I looked like a Civil War soldier marching down a hot dusty road! I then

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subsequently realised that I dress most times as a Confederate cavalryman, yet with overtones come down from the Viking/Saxon memory. The use of a bum bag, interestingly called a fanny pack in America would indicate an age old solution to an age old problem. Where to put you valuables? In Scotland the sporran amounts to the same thing, although originally it was a place to put your oats, as most Scots had no money. Hence the expression to sow one’s wild oats or check out his lunch box! In former times people displayed and carried their wealth with them due to lack or distrust of banks, again in Scotland the silver buttons doubled up as coins when push came to shove. Jewellery is another good indicator with women especially or men that use to be women or vice versa! Roman and Greek ladies wear long dangly ear rings. A quick look at a photographic history book will give some ideas. Of course designers still use classic design solutions, but it is the freedom of choice that is the indicator. What make one person keep buying the same sort of jewellery? A lot of Viking and Saxon women buy big circular disc belts, often with studs or rivets in. These were fashionable a year or so back, but they are still being worn by a few who can’t give them up. The crop circles that are displayed in ever deepening complexity and beauty in the fields of southern England and around the world appear to be the basis of much of our collective historical art and design. These universal design archetypes have over the years been a master class in universal language, art and mathematics. Yet, the breath taking beauty of symmetry and proportion that they overtly display, have their subconscious echoes in all cultures. I have found crop circle designs in Ancient Egyptian jewellery, Classical Greek vases, Anglo-Saxon brooches, Viking shield designs, Aboriginal rock art, Native American artefacts, Meso American pottery, Mayan glyphs and perhaps the most powerful expression of all in Celtic art. The culture and art of the Celtic peoples seems to have a universal message of reiterating the power of infinity and re-incarnation. The circle of life is never broken, as is the cycle of life and death, death and life. The Celts intuitively knew this and reflected it in their exquisite jewellery and art. The Romans, surprise, surprise were obsessed with the material and their art seems to be purely literal. It is just what you see is what you get stuff. Also their mathematical system never discovered a zero. For there is no point, if you have nothing then you are a slave! Advanced

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mathematics seems to have been totally disregarded as a waste of time. Money, business and materialism, is what you get with the Romans. Sad culture, sad people, decadence, materialism, fear and low moral standards that is all you get. Yet they did an excellent job of brain washing everybody to the contrary these past 2000 years. This was mainly due to the fact that the Romans were great self publicists and wrote down their “achievements”. Celtic tribal cultures on the other hand were entirely verbal and as such ephemeral, with the exception of art and decoration. The Romans would have us believe that they were the standard bearers of civilisation amidst an unwashed pagan dark age. When in truth it was completely the other way around, they were the bringers and keepers of a spiritual dark-age, repressing peoples through brutality, fear and taxes. Now does that sound familiar? Well if it does it is because we are still stuck with their legacy and the souls that propagated it for their own material self advancement. Art fights against this in a subtle and effective way. The Fascist swastika can be found in Roman mosaic patterns together with straight lines. The sterile aggressive masculine straight line is the antithesis of the feminine beauty found in the curve and circle. The Nordic Viking swastika however fuses the masculine with the feminine, by having straight arms ending in curved hooks, the masculine aggression being extruded is tamed by the universal feminine principle of the whirling dancing curve all within the circular confines of the shield, which represents the universe! Now is that not much more profound? Celts operated in circles and understood circles, they could calculate the value of Pi correct to six decimal places by working with the fraction 355/113. They worshipped in circles, lived in circles, understood that calendars were circular, that time even was circular and they also wore circular jewellery as part of their ornamenta- tion to reflect this knowledge. They were the keepers of light and of knowledge not the Romans. On the American continent it was the Mayan Timekeepers who excelled in keeping alive the ancient knowledge, carving it into stone so that it would not be lost. We all of us owe them a massive debt, or more accurately ourselves, for they echo the universal truth in their traditional greeting, In Lak chi - I am another yourself. For we are all one and are all spiritually connected. I am most certainly another yourself! On the other hand youth culture and art tends to be a violent backlash against traditional parental stable values. This seems to have been the case throughout history and as such “their” art and culture

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reflects aggression, with sharp angles, straight lines and slashes. Punk art in the mid `70s is perhaps the highest form of this cultural expression. Cleverly the modern governments have embraced this as it supports their own misguided violent beliefs, but in hijacking youth culture and making it de rigeur, they have tamed and destroyed its iconic rebellious value. Youth seeks ever more outrageous forms of expression to compensate and a sort of cultural arms race develops. In wearing my Scottish kilt around London I get much more attention than any number of punk rockers with pink Mohican hair cuts! The lesson is simply less is more - there is nothing that shocks the English establish- ment more than a tartan clad army wondering around! The kilt is perhaps the highest cultural form of dress for achieving this effect and a statement of universal truth. The feminine skirt is embraced and the straight legged male trouser banished. The kilt is circular in form, contains many folds or waves and its tartan weave corresponds to the ley line energies that permeate our landscape and breathe life into matter. Celts understood the connection between themselves and the land. We belong to the land - the land does not belong to us. You can’t own it. You can’t take it with you! Hence the Native American incredulity at the white man’s folly of buying Manhattan Island for some $17 - with a few glass beads and blankets thrown in. The white people smile at the bargain purchase, but the red man knows the ultimate truth - they got the better deal! For no one can own a material object, all we do is rent the space and then move on. Their art reflects this philosophy, tepees are circular, they are arranged in circles, everything is transitory and the spirit world is as real, if not more real, than this transitory materialistic world. I have seen Native American art and culture displayed all around the world at a street level. That is their wonderful legacy to mankind. They are an enduring symbol to constantly remind us of our lost freedoms and the material chains that bind our spirit. Who then white man, is the fool? Now my good friend and colleague Natalie the art teacher is a good example of a person unrestricted by conventionality, in fact this is her most endearing quality, she has a strong past life memory of being a mid western farm boy in the 1890’s who died in the trenches of WW1 as a doughboy. She often wears dungarees and an old straw hat, when not in use the straw hat is kept close by in the art room always to hand and never out of sight. It is a constant reminder of happy times. She also has a very strong Viking memory associated with Norway as the memory-

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abilia around the art room testifies to. She is very comfortable with a sword and often wears the most amazing hand knitted jumpers that resemble chain mail! Her powerful physique is another clue as is her love of sailing and water. As a child she would often ride on the prow of her father’s yacht, a very Viking thing to do :) Like me she has a dolphin memory, fun, loveable and sociable, always positive and in water at the drop of a hat. This all makes for a perfect companion as the empathy is 100%. If however, we were to have had a relationship we probably would have driven each other nuts! Being too much the same can be as much a problem as being totally opposite. Nevertheless, she is quite exceptional and we shall always be friends, just as dolphins swim freely in a large ocean yet remain in contact. Our good friend Alan at the Bell caravan site in Lydeway, near Devizes in Wiltshire, exhibits all the traits of a past life Egyptian. He is every inch the overseer and organiser and his imposing figure can be seen walking around the campsite with minimal clothes on in the heat of summer. Interestingly his wife, a registrar, has an interest in death and visited a recent exhibition of dissected human bodies in London. Again a very Egyptian thing to do as Egypt was obsessed with all aspects of death for over 3000 years. It could well be that they have found each other in this life to carry on their past relationship in another time and place. Just the feel of clothes being worn is enough to trigger memories last year I bought a 3/4 length pair of black beach trousers, which resemble breeches worn in the 17th century. I enjoy wearing them because of this and as I consciously made the selection I enjoy them even more. For I now know why I do things. The majority of people are still fast asleep and neither know nor care about who they are or why the do things. My friend David Baxter coined a phrase for this intuitively as we visited a beautiful bracelet crop formation at Avebury last year (2005). “We are the fallen wheat, for we have been touched by the phenomenon. We are awake and the rest of the world population is fast asleep just like the standing untouched wheat.” It was a perfect analogy and a beautiful piece of intuitive philosophy. This year I discovered that David’s cowboy memory of Arizona and New Mexico as related to me last year matches up with the story of none other than Henry McCarty, née William Bonney alias Billy the Kid! I matched up the portrait photograph with David this year and it is now an on going case. The coincidence of David hooking up with me on a crop circle adventure came about,

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because he activity sought me out after my talk at the Glastonbury Symposium of 2004. We also discovered that he has the memory of a Scottish soldier captured at Dunbar in 1650, then transported after a short stay locked in Durham cathedral to the colonies in Virginia. Out of 5000 captured some 2000 died of starvation and neglect and 3000 were transported by Cromwell as a matter of policy. David has a fear of being locked in churches, which surfaced as a child after an incident. Normally an innocent mistake made by an adult would have no consequence, but with David it ignited an age old repressed memory of tremendous power and depth and caused a panic attack that left David with a stutter, now thankfully cured since the memory has been released. David works with stained glass to help him overcome a negative memory by turning it into a positive experience. He also had a past life as a Native American after his life as a Scottish soldier and then as Billy the Kid (1860 -1881). His character, behaviour and lifestyle follow this pattern with remarkable accuracy. David gets his deep philosophical nature from a life as the follower of a guru in India immediately prior to the Scottish memory. He loves to eat curry and cowboy food, plus comes out with the most amazing insights into the universe. His link with me is obvious to me, as this is 1880 in Baillie Kell’s life and he is working on the railroad in Georgia, therefore Billy would have been alive at the same time as this in Baillie Kell’s life. The empathy generated by a similar past life American experience and a similar time frame, make for a good relationship as we share many of the same ideas and values forged by a common experience. He calls me “Dad” and I printed a T shirt with Dave”Kid Curry” Baxter on for this year’s crop circle season. Billy was always looking for a father figure in his life to make up for the two that ran out on his mother. It was in killing the Sheriff and two deputies that had previously killed his adopted cattle baron “father” figure from the Lincoln county wars that condemned him to a life on the run and an early grave. All this was before I matched up the picture at the campsite this year! Intuitively I took exactly the right books with me, plus a feather, which became a major focus for several bizarre synchronicities, including Rod Bearcloud’s lecture on the use of feathers by Egyptians and Native Americans! The photographic history book on the old west fell open at exactly the right page as we sat down together on the first day of our visit. It was exactly as my discovery of Baillie Kell had happened in the Folkestone bookstore back in 1999. But that is how it works!

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Super awareness, synchronicity and coincidence, the more you become aware of their power, the more they come into play in your life. The resulting transformation in one’s own personal life is infinite and all empowering. The universe becomes a fun place to be in and life is so much more meaningful. I thoroughly recommend all readers to adopt this holistic approach to living. Enjoy who you are, embrace your negativity and open your mind up to the universal outer net, the results will be nothing more than astounding! By way of example in the next three chapters we will see how I was specifically able to nail down several past life conundrums with a surprising and profound outcome.

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Chapter Six

The Riddle of the Black Flag

Throughout my life I have been drawn to and constantly aware of my attraction to the skull and bones black flag beloved of fictional pirates. Although real pirates of the late 17th and early 18th century used many similar variations of the black flag, but not the famous one of Hollywood legend. This straight forward symbol of death and no quarter was further observed by my youthful psyche in its use with German army units in WW2; notoriously the Waffen SS Totenkopf Division. The sign simply means we have power over life and death, so if you see it coming get the hell out of there! The message could not be clearer no chance of surrender or negotiation. My 3 years working for the Service Children’s’ Schools (SCS) in Germany were the exact equivalent of William Baillie’s career in Germany with Gustavus II Adolphus the Swedish King. I like German soldiers and had collected a large WW2 German wargame army, which was my way of reliving the William Baillie experience of those 3 years. Yet it was only on September 12, 2004 that I finally knew the answer to the black flag conundrum. As with all things the answer was within, it just needed to surface. I had constantly been puzzling since discovering the portrait in December 2001 as to William Baillie’s service in Germany during those years. Sir James Lumsden his old 2i/c was famously in charge of the Scottish Brigade of Infantry for Gustavus, but no mention of Baillie? Summer 2004, I finally bought a pirate flag for my boat, I normally fly the Confederate Southern Cross and it was whilst I was sailing and letting my mind go that it suddenly dawned on me that it was probably all to do with the 30 Years War in Germany. The black flag has quite a history for me. William Baillie surrendered his Scottish Foote soldiers to Colonel Rainsborough’s regiment of the New Model Army. They carried

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Black flags with a St George’s cross in the canton and if I remember correctly various white wavy piles as cadence marks. Previously I have a memory of being an archer for the Black Prince in Bordeaux and I have nicknamed that memory the Thomas Bailey, archer memory. I am fairly sure that my name was Thomas then, it resonates every time I see or hear that name. I once read the Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, a fine set of books in the Lord of the Ring’s style, yet not so sweeping in my opinion. However the title did incorporate the words Thomas and the word Covenant, which obviously resonates due to William Baillie working for the Scottish Army of the Solemn League and Covenant. I find myself even now unable to sign anything with the word covenant appended to it! These are mainly charitable tax donations forms in the UK, a past life aversion complex I call it, now that I recognise my irrational behaviour pattern. Under the Black Prince my banner was you guessed it the black flag with the St George’s or Christ Crusader Cross and the 3 white feathers of the Prince of Wales’ household badge. I therefore had to surrender in one life to the very flag I served in another life! I would assume that the universe conspired to make it happen, in order to teach me a valuable lesson on the futility of violence. I was as a member of the Black Prince’s household, a member of his Schultz Staffel - SS or protection squad. My uniform as I remember was a black leather nailed jack with a very distinctive equal armed Swiss style red cross on the chest and we wore red tights more properly called hose! I was very proud of my uniform and I loved the red St George’s or Christ’s Cross. William Baillie likewise remembering as I do, became a member of the St George’s Longbow Archery club of Amsterdam - the Sint Joris Doelen. When visiting Scotland in 2005, it was the word Bow trees that alerted me as to the significance of the Letham area just below Stirling and outside of Edinburgh. For William Baillie leased Airth castle from the Clan Bruce for his family in 1642. I intuitively recognised the vista over looking the Forth, with Edinburgh in the distance, when I visited in February 2005. As soon as I stepped onto the terrace everything fell into place and I knew I was home. The castle was also an echo of the previous memory of Thomas Bailey the Archer who live in a castle at Blaye in the south west of France over looking the Gironde estuary. I seriously thought of buying a holiday property in that area in the early 90s, now I know why! I also remembered recently the connection between Airth Castle and Tor wood Castle, which also belonged to William Baillie. Torwood was

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purchased after the victory at Marston Moor in 1644 when Baillie was at the height of his success and popularity. General Monck acting on behalf of Cromwell and the English Parliament burnt it down in 1654 as a punishment for Jamie Baillie trying to raise a troop of horse for Charles II. Possibly also he knew that William Baillie was working as his opposite number in the Dutch navy? Airth castle was not touched as it had reverted back to the Clan Bruce and Corstorphine castle, which Jamie had gained as a dowry, was spared upon the payment of a £2500 fine. This completely crippled Lord Forrester’s estate and Jamie Baillie née Forrester as second Lord. William Baillie being a gunnery General at Sea for the Dutch Confederate Navy under his brother-in-law Admiraal Michiel de Ruyter didn’t help much, as General Monck was his opposite gunnery General at Sea for the English Parliamentary Naval forces (1652 - 1654)! Everything ties up, a reason for everything and everything has a reason. On September 12, 2004 I was searching through the Osprey men at arms series of 2 books on the Armies of Gustavus II Adolphus; cavalry, as I had done a thousand times before when suddenly the revelation hit me as to the answer to the riddle of the black flag. The picture on page 42 caught my conscious mind’s eye for the figure was dressed in the same armour as William Baillie and carried the skull and cross bones black flag! I knew in an instant that I had nailed my answer. William Baillie had served as part of General Åke Tott’s Lifeguard 1630 to 1632. They were elite German mercenary soldiers raised to bolster the Swedish and Finnish cavalry and were pitched against the might of the Imperialist cuirassiers. The black flags they carried were a pun based on Tott’s name, which means simply death. Torsten Stålhandske, Tott’s 2i/c became Colonel in chief of all Swedish and Native cavalry and was later made a Major General in 1634. Baillie had become a Ruiter (Ruyter) or Ritter in German, just as his brother-in-law had taken the name from his uncle, Anneke’s uncle. Baillie was therefore following in his own adopted family’s footsteps. Also the skull and cross bones motif did actually appear as a real flag, but on a red back ground instead of black. It was carried at the head of column upon Gustavus II Adolphus’ triumphal entry into Nuremburg in 1642 shortly before his death. It caused quite a stir among the inhabitants and a woodcut commemorat- ing the event was made. William Baillie was there and so he did serve under the skull and bones! The term Rittmeister was used for the Colonel of the regiment and as

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a term of endearment with General Tott. In my case it explained my fascination with the Red Baron - Baron Freiherr Manfred von Richtofen, Rittmeister of Jasta II. My love of flying and of German soldiers comes together with Rittmeister Richtofen who was a cavalryman and his famous bright red triplane making a point just as the red skull and bones did in Nuremburg in 1632. The conundrum had been solved and I now knew why I called the head of my riding stables, David Mosscato, Herr Rittmeister!

Post script: Recently my good Norwegian crop circle friend Eva-Marie Brekkestro was amazed when I found out the De Ruyter link with William Baillie, because her father’s original surname is De Rytter!!!!!!!!! Same meaning and comes from the Dutch as many settled in southern Norway during the trading period of the 1650s and 60s. William Baillie was involved in protecting that self same trade with his brother-in-law Admiraal De Ruyter. No coincidence then, as the patterns through time weave their spell, because that is exactly how it works!

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Chapter Seven

Riddle of the White Flag

What is in a motto? When William Baillie surrendered to Oliver Cromwell in person August 19, 1648 - I knew that he had changed sides, as I had re-enacted this at Brill, June 1975. Fed up with the shambles of organisation around him, the aristocratic obstinacy of Hamilton and the political interference of his superiors, he defected. I have always admired Cromwell and his moral stance amidst a sea of chaos, but more so his discipline, organisation and training of his elite Ironside cavalry - his battle winners. In joining them William Baillie was reliving his glory days with Åke Tott as a no nonsense trooper, no responsibility just loyalty and a sense of duty and purpose. This was echoed in my own life when I joined Ashford school, who were my New Model Army up until this summer of 2006. Then as the timelines prophesised I would gain a responsible post again, just as William Baillie became a gunnery officer for the Dutch Confederate Navy in 1652. But which regiment had Baillie joined in 1648? The name Cambridge kept pervading my conscious mind over these last 30 years, especially in association with Oliver Cromwell. I assumed therefore that it was the place, as Ely the home of Crowell is close by. My attention has always been drawn to Sir Philip Twisleton’s horse and their white cornet flags seemed somehow familiar. I have painted them several times as banners for my toy soldiers and again this has spanned 30 years so it is a persistent memory. Now with closer inspection of all of my books on the subject and the Internet I noticed a particular cornet-flag with the motto “Pro pace et veritate” - For peace and truth. BINGO! I thought this is very similar to my own personal motto, “Ad lumen et veritatem” - Towards light and truth. I designed it for the East Kent UFO Research Unit that I worked for as a scientific consultant

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back in 1995. The Ad lumen - Towards light was a direct reference to the various Baillie mottoes that are all to do with stars and light. “Quid clarius astris” - What is brighter than the stars, is the classic Baillie motto from the earliest of times. “In caligne lucet” - In darkness light, is the motto of Lady Olive Baillie onetime owner of Leeds castle near Maidstone and the keeper of Black Tom Fairfax’s portrait and buff coat. This is a fitting coincidence if ever there was one and I enjoyed wearing my kilt there on the occasion of the Ashford school Valentine’s Day Ball 2005. Baillie with the Baillie kilt dancing in the appropriately named Fairfax Hall of Leed’s castle, owned at one time by Lady Baillie! The Ad part was unashamedly borrowed from the Royal Air force motto of “Per ardua ad astra” - Through hardship to the stars, which is one of my favourite Latin mottoes. The stars part always reminds me of the Baillie motto and my love of moving in 3 dimensions as in swimming or flying or in future space travel. This is a throw back to my dolphin memory of swimming weightless in 3 dimensions, which we cannot do as land dwelling animals unless we swim and also seagull feathers, as feathers remind us of flight and dolphin’s love to play with feathers that float on the surface of the sea! The language of memory is quite complex, but you should be getting the hang of it by now? But I was not sure of the spelling of veritatem it bugged me and although it sat nicely with the Latin phrasing I was not sure whether it was correct? The word had just suddenly entered my head in a flash of inspiration as I was pondering the motto’s construction. Remember - I don’t like Rome as I entered a slave, but somehow escaped the gladiatorial arena to become a Doctores, a trainer or teacher of gladiators. Therefore I must have learnt Latin! I know Latin despite not having had any formal lessons during this lifetime. I did buy the teach yourself book on Latin though, just as I bought the Old English one, so it is definitely part of my memory bank otherwise I would not have wasted money on it! I consulted the Latin master at the time, the Reverend Richard Wood and he assured me that it did indeed look correct. So with his stamp of approval, I presented it to the group for use. I cracked the riddle on September 12, 2004, immediately after the black flag revelation. I had subconsciously borrowed the et veritatem piece from the Twisleton’s horse cornet (flag)! The confusion over the spelling had arisen due to the differences in my necessary phrase spelling and the original. The icing on the cake was when I read that the troop with that motto belonged to a one Captain Owen Cambridge! BINGO

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BIGTIME! The word association was not the place it was the Troop commander’s name - mystery solved. :) Reading through the regimental history of Twisleton’s Horse it confirmed their key role in the Battle of Dunbar 1650. When in the thick of the action they ran straight into Sir James Lumsden’s brigade. Thus Baillie would have come face to face with his old friend and comrade in his dire moment of need. They also spent the remainder of their time north of the border, which again sits perfectly with my memory. There is a famous painting of two of Cromwell’s Ironsides mounted and in a glen observing Scottish troops, which my subconscious had picked up along life’s highway and I still keep as a clipping. The antagonism of William Baillie being a Cromwellian/republican and his eldest son Jamie Baillie being an ardent royalist explains perfectly my relationship with my father and his oh so very odd out of place comments on the virtues of monarchy. It also explains interestingly the fact that he made me a castle as a birthday present when I was 9. It was his apology for losing Torwood Castle and did have elements of both Tor wood and Corstophine castle in its subconscious design, for he used no plans, but constructed it entirely from memory. That mystery having been successfully solved led me on to the last and greatest revelation of the whole affair - the other face in the portrait?

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Chapter Eight

A Forgotten Friend Revealed

Early on I had realised that all the soldiers wearing buff leather coats in the Schuttersmaaltijd (the Shooters’ meal time) group portrait by van der Helst were Scottish mercenary soldiers. Even the slight jibe of one of them trying to get a slice of the pie sat well with the Dutch comment about the mercenary nature of the hungry Scots! You can see that I was more up front for my support for the Orange cause than my colleagues. The half portrait of a Scot to the above left of William Baillie drew and fixed my attention constantly. He must have been a personal friend as well as a colleague to be depicted so close. The name Lumsden kept coming into my mind and I finally realised that this was in fact who it was. He was a close friend and a brother officer. William Baillie even named his first born son James, born in 1629, after him instead of William after himself, the father, as is traditional in Scottish families. An honour indeed and the name William was reserved for his younger brother born in 1633. My father was John Charles Baillie (1911 - 1976) and I was Christened Ian, which is Scottish for John to follow the tradition. I also realised that just as with the modern army officers who follow each other around to various postings, so William and James would follow each other career wise both in Europe and back home in Scotland. He was therefore in my mind, definitely the man in the picture, problem solved. The picture was painted around 1637 just before William Baillie went back to Scotland in 1638. My grey hair testifies to that! I still had my natural colour until 40+. Sir James Lumsden was busy campaigning in Germany until 1636 so the time frame all fitted very neatly. The painting is officially dated to 1648, due entirely to the letter about the Vrede van Münster - the Peace of Münster,

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affixed to the drum. I think however that this may have been added at a later stage after the picture had been completed? Now recognising the other face in the painting it still seemed somehow familiar and for a whole year it bugged me constantly. I know that face, I know that face - over and over again - it went around in my mind, as I struggled to make the conscious connection needed. Then in autumn 2003 it suddenly came to me, oh my goodness it was my life long Scottish school friend Robert Matthew Habbick! We had been constant friends in this life, always maintaining contact through thick and thin just as we had in that life. Eureka it was revelation time again! I didn’t want to freak Robert out, so I kept quiet about it for a number of months. All of his comments throughout the last 30 years suddenly made sense. The most distinctive of all was his wearing of the French beret, which must surely be a displacement memory of wearing the Scottish blue bonnet. This has now been adopted by the British army and most other armies around the world as de rigeur. It all fitted, and I was quietly pleased with my discovery. Just before Christmas of 2004, Robert was going through a bad period for various personal reasons that may or may not mirror previous life patterns spilling over into the present. By way of an illustration of coincidence that is design, Robert had previously in 1984 gone off at a tangent to Switzerland with his Swiss girl friend of some 6 weeks and then married. He set up home and was to find that the Swiss village was, but 3 kilometres from where his family, on his father’s side, had come from many year ago! But that is exactly how the universe works. The Habbicks were originally Habbicht, Swiss mercenaries that moved to Scotland. Robert’s father was from Glasgow and as Scottish as you make them. His love for his father matched mine for my father and Robert owes many of his philosophical ideas on life to the timeless wisdom of his father, a canny Scot if ever there was one, a man that I had the privilege to know on many occasions before his passing. The twinkle in his eye and the eternal pixie look of mischief that was about him always warmed my soul. For me being born about as far away from Scotland as it is humanly possible to be on the UK mainland, it was Robert’s Dad that always provided a living link with my mysterious spiritual past. Just the sound of his voice with its distinctive Glaswegian accent was enough. Over to Margate I went to rally the troops just as Jamie Lumsden had rallied the troops to come to my aid at Marston Moor. He had saved me

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and I would save him in his hour of need. I entered his house and found him looking exactly as the picture, for Robert needs to shave at least twice a day. He had been drinking for at least 2 or 3 days and was the worse for wear. I showed him the picture with a tear in my eye and said, “Who’s that?” Robert stared for a moment and said,” That’s you!” “And who’s that?” I continued. “That’s me!” He exclaimed in confused disbelief. “Yes that’s right, we were together then my old friend and we are together now!” With that I showed him my newly acquired Highland dress that I had purchased recently in time for Christmas and my 50th birthday the following year. I want to instil into him his sense of pride at being Scottish and the fact that we were timeless beings, a fact that no amount of alcohol could erase. I then presented him with an early Christmas present. a small toy soldier figure of William Baillie holding his halberd. He immediately recognised it and its significance, it was a token reminder for him to keep and to remember that no matter how bad things got I would always be there for him. I also gave him a Scottish sword kilt pin to put in his beret, for the Clan Lumsden badge is of a hand holding a raised sword. “He’s your sword General, you dropped it, now pick it up and get back up on your damned horse!” We always use the horse metaphor as we both ride and the symbolism is eternal. I was in effect picking him up by the scruff of the neck and getting him back up where he belonged. I donned my kilt to emphasise the Scottish connection in a grand gesture and we left to visit his favourite white horse near by, so that he could talk about his problems. I realised that things were bad and that he was in need of some solid food so I decided that I would buy him his Christmas dinner early and then he could tell me all about it in more detail. With that we drove to the Belle vue Tavern over looking historic Pegwell bay near Ramsgate. A large log fire and some hearty food would put things right and so we sat and chatted just like the old days some 400 years ago. It was one of those timeless moments when the passage of time seems not to matter, nor to have happened, just two souls adrift in the universe sharing a common anchorage on the journey. It transpired without going into too much detail that Robert’s Swiss ex-wife had contacted him and that this had started him off. Christmas is such an emotional time and he was missing his son Geoffrey. I have a practical Viking

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Scandinavian temperament, but Robert is much more emotional and has a Latin temperament so he had become very emotional and attempted to solve the problem in the only way he knew how. Scots are Celts and Celts are emotional people, something the English and the Romans could never grasp. I use the analogy of a bunch of Celts standing on a hill looking at the Roman army below, it is complete suicide to attempt to attack them, we know it is wrong, we know we are going to lose, but we are going to do it anyway! CHARGE! And with that a screaming bunch of annoyed Celts looking for a fight descend on the solid sensible and discipline bunch of Romans. The rest is history so go figure! It is every Asterix book you have ever seen come to life :) Finally consciously recognising my oldest and dearest friend for what and who he is, was the best Christmas present I have ever had. My old 2i/c sat there in front of me and love is unconditional, there are no strings attached, no price tag - no charge. Problem sorted, I dropped him back home and went off to pick up my daughter in Canterbury, as it was her last day at school before the Christmas vacation. Now it is every parent’s duty to embarrass their offspring as often and as much as possible and what I like about Harriet is that she is unflappable! She is a true Scandinavian in temperament and she did not bat an eyelid when I turned up in the middle of Canterbury wearing my kilt! Not a word, we simply went shopping for some Christmas presents - that’s my girl! Have kilt will travel and I have worn my kilt where ever I go, Norway at minus 20 degrees Celsius, the ski slopes of France and even in the Town hall of Devizes, a fine old English Civil War town and venue of the annual Summer Crop Circle Lectures hosted by my good friends Karen and Steve Alexander and that indomitable old warhorse of a genius Michael Glickman. As with Dianne Seaman a new old friend, she has the same face and memory of Margaret Munnerlyn “Gone with the Wind” Mitchell, the legacy of memory often is double edged sword and can lead to an extraordinary lack of confidence, which over takes you at odd moments, sometimes, but not always chronologically synchronous with your other physical selves. Robert has been affected similarly throughout his life, the burden of command has taken its toll and Robert therefore hates all things military, is extremely non-materialistic and refuses any responsi- bility what so ever, even for himself. Being smashed by Crowell’s cavalry at Dunbar in 1650 and seriously wounded whilst in charge did not help matters. It was an experience never to be forgotten. Robert’s next life

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experience would be as an officer in Nelson’s navy, which was hardly a vacation after being a Scottish General! The year 2004 was my Dunbar year and the synchronicities would roll in to my constant amazement at their accuracy and timing. With Robert there is a 1 year 3 week difference in age and our memories seem to be 3 weeks adrift suggesting that Lumsden was one year younger than Baillie, born in 1601. Now that the subconscious door was unlocked, Robert started to spontaneously remember past events. He phoned one evening to say that he had had a waking dream and could see himself riding down into a hollow and that he had an overwhelming sense of sadness as he knew that he wouldn’t see some of his beloved boys again. I knew immediately from his words that this was Marston Moor 1644 and that it was an accurate description of the opening of the battle as the whole Allied army surged forward at the signal of a single cannon shot and a Divine clap of thunder. He was leading the boys in the second line forward into the hollow known as the Glen just in front of the present day Marston Moor memorial. I with my two brigades had just past the same landmark, but more to the right and we were now engaging the Royalist left wing. The rest was a close run thing. We stood like a rock that day as the Royalist tide surged around us, but they couldn’t break us no matter how hard they tried. My boys fought like heroes that day as they withstood wave after wave of Royalist cavalry charges for over an hour. Maitland’s Brigade would repeat the feat at Waterloo and sort Napoleon out, just as they sorted Lord Goring, Sir Charles Lucas and the Royalists out that day. My neck was saved by Robert/Sir James Lumsden who gathering his wits about him could see that things might not hold together and galloped off to rally some reinforcements. Many Scots and English Parliamentarians to their eternal shame were fleeing before even coming into contact with the enemy. Even the Earls’ of Leven and Manchester had fled the scene thinking the battle was lost! Thankfully he succeeded, but it was a damn close run thing. Team work won the day. Just as I used to risk sticking my neck out in a rugby match knowing that I would have several of my friends right behind me to avoid me getting it chopped off, so we had a good team that day. Bonds of loyalty between souls that transcend time and space were never more tested than on the field of Marston Moor that day of July 2, 1644.. On December 9, 2004, completely synchronous and 3 weeks after my firework Dunbar campaign, that saw me back on my old school grounds delivering a £4000 show, Robert again phoned me up. “I have

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just had another lucid dream,” he said, “I thought I had best phone you. I’m in a battle, it is lost big time and I know that I’ve got to get the boys out of there. We have our backs to a wall and I am shouting, ‘For ****** sake get them over the wall, throw them if you have to, this is a lost cause!’” With that he started to talk of other things, but still sounded very emotional. The experience had profoundly shocked him. It was then the very next day that I attended the London pre-Christmas Toy soldier show and purchased a copy of the Osprey Campaign series on Dunbar 1650 by Stuart Reid. There in it, was description in graphic detail of exactly what Robert had told me the evening before. He could not possibly have known that information from this present life. He was remembering his own wounding and the fight around Little Pinkerton farm. He was being pushed and beaten down by Twisleton’s Horse and his old friend Lt General William Baillie was a trooper in Captain Owen Cambridge’s troop. It would be Baillie that picked him up that day by the scruff of his neck and put him onto the back of his horse to save him from death. Thereby enacting the words of that old Rolf Harris song from Christmas 1970, about Two little boys and the American Civil War! Christmas 2004, I made Robert a Scots bonnet with a pom pom, converted from a British army beret, to match my own and I presented it to him over Christmas lunch. He now had a matching army bonnet to my own and one that would hold his Clan Lumsden sword properly. In June 2005 on his 50th birthday I bought him dinner again at the Belle vue Tavern and photographed him wearing my 17th century kit for this book. An amazing set of photographs, as he hates all things military and was not too keen on the idea! In just a few shots he let slip that old violent fire that raged so well 400 years ago and I was there to capture it for posterity on camera and with that the case was closed.

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Appendix One

The Synchronicity of Time

In this section it is proposed remarkably to present the past life patterns of three interlinked physical human beings that share the same single mind. This has to my knowledge never been attempted or published to date. For the first time we are able to see in detail how the tapestry of interwoven life experience weaves a story with familiar scenarios, scenery and even more amazingly the same soul participants with the same faces! Problems arise in one life time and are resolved in another. As one person leaves a life so the same person arrives in the next life precisely on cue. Shakespeare’s phrase “All the world’s a stage,” takes on a very real new meaning as we see that it is in fact an accurate description of what does in fact happen in real life. The arrow of time is seen as purely a mechanism to allow this interaction of events to occur and one may discern that time is more bubble shaped than linear in actual reality. The conclusions are staggering, but not unexpected and it is left for the reader to discover the links, much as a good plot from a detective novel. Any person with a working knowledge of Quantum Mechanics will immediately recognise the similarity between the above description and the behaviour of an electron orbiting an atom. Instead of travelling in perfect Newtonian orbits as prescribed by classical mechanics, the electron charge will travel then disappear, followed immediately by another electron charge that pops up to maintain the continuity illusion. This occurs for other sub-atomic particles too, so that the whole atomic illusion is maintained as a reality construct or atomic matrix, when in actual fact it is no more as real as a television picture. This disappearing into the quantum soup and reappearing is extremely alarming to those that think physical reality is “real”. It is fitting therefore in the spirit of as above so below, that we find the same thing happening with physical

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people sharing the same consciousness, appearing and disappearing at various points in physical time. When in truth there is no time in higher dimensions at all! Dimensions can be more accurately described as frequencies. The word dimensions implies separate state spaces and the ability to move freely backwards and forwards from a point of origin. Wave constructs can happily cohabit the same space, but at higher or lower frequencies. Constructive and destructive interference patterns create texture to the environment and waves can be linked by resonance in this way to create literally anything and all things. Nesting wave forms are the secret behind the creation of the physical universe! All is but charge and spin! In order to understand the universe one simply has to study waves. The fractal mathematics of chaos and anti-chaos appear to be able to describe all systems of complexity including our own life patterns. A fractal self similar pattern will arise and occur at different ages of a person and yet mirror that which has gone before or is to happen on a lifetime scale. With this the power of prediction is able to come into play and a very useful science is achieved. For whilst the future is but and extension of the past there is in reality only the eternal now! Life appear more like a score of music rather than a random chaotic mess. Events seem to be orchestrated at a quantum level and the future seems to have a road map. Various religious doctrines have mentioned this and it seems that they are largely right! Time and place seem to be fixed, but it is up to the individual free will of the individual soul as to whether or not they take advantage of it. A good analogy is that one may play one’s instrument well or badly, but the score of music is followed! There is no such thing as coincidence, if it is meant to happen then it will and this all appears to be part of the learning process that happens in this awesome universe of ours. For we are the creator experiencing our own creation! Fractal droplets of the one consciousness that is, exploring a myriad of possibilities. We are never alone for all consciousness is one and all things interconnected. In perpetrating violence on another people we merely come back as the other people! We get to see how others see us. Creating a soul that one is happy to look at is the self fulfilling task of the universe. The universe runs on love, because it would be very hard not to love yourself. Hatred, division and bitterness are illusions of duality, which appear manifest only in the physical universe. All is one. What is also remarkable is that the timelines of the other people involved are also synchronous with their past selves. This demonstrates

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that it is not just a freak anomaly pertaining to just one person. But in fact that there is a universal mechanism in action exactly as described in the theory above. We are much more than the sum of our physical parts. We are timeless, far beyond time and space, indeed we are all of us time travellers. Our immortal minds confer on us the status of Time lords one and all, whether we like it or not! So sit back and relax and enjoy the amazing detail of one man’s record of his previous two physical lives synchronous with his own present life at the end of time as we know it.

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Appendix Two

A Game of Cat and Mouse

The operations and actions of General Baillie can best be understood by reading through some of the highlights from Montrose’s campaigns. Although biased heavily in favour of Montrose it does however give the reader a flavour of the actions and counter actions that took place in the early part of 1645. The constant political interference from the Travelling Committee of Estates and superior attitude of the aristocracy that Baillie had to endure can also be clearly seen. As is the behaviour of those wayward units from Fife that caused him so much distress. All under pinned by the subconscious memories that he held in his mind just as I do now. We are therefore in a unique position to explore factual history from another more esoteric point of view and thereby gain a valuable insight into the mind of William Baillie.

February 1645: After the Defeat at Inverlochy

After Argyle had effected his escape from Inverary, he had gone to Dumbarton, where he remained till Montrose’s departure from his territory. While there, a body of covenanting troops who had served in England, arrived under the command of Major-general Baillie, for the purpose of assisting Argyle in expelling Montrose from his bounds; but on learning that Montrose had left Argyle, and was marching through Glencoe and Lochaber, General Baillie determined to lead his army in an easterly direction through the Lowlands, with the intention of intercepting Montrose, should he attempt a descent. At the same time it was arranged between Baillie and Argyle that the latter, who had now recovered from his panic in consequence of Montrose’s departure,

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should return to Argyle and collect his men from their hiding-places and retreats. As it was not improbable, however, that Montrose might renew his visit, the Committee of Estates allowed Baillie to place 1,100 of his soldiers at the disposal of Argyle, who, as soon as he was able to muster his men, was to follow Montrose’s rear, yet so as to avoid an engagement, till Baillie, who, on hearing of Argyle’s advance into Lochaber, was to march suddenly across the Grampians, should attack Montrose in front.

The gradual drain of experienced troops would ultimately lead to failure.

March 1645: Aristocratic Interference

Montrose proceeded with his army along the foot of the Grampians, in the direction of Dunkeld, where he intended to cross the Tay in the sight of General Baillie, who commanded an army greatly superior in numbers; but, although Montrose frequently offered him battle, Baillie, contrary, it is said, to the advice of Hurry, as often declined it. On arriving at the water of Isle, the two armies, separated by that stream, remained motionless for several days, as if undetermined how to act. At length Montrose sent a trumpeter to Baillie offering him battle; and as the water could not be safely passed by his army if opposed, Montrose proposed to allow Baillie to pass it unmolested, on condition that he would give him his word of honour that he would fight without delay; but Baillie answered that he would attend to his own business himself, and that he would fight when he himself thought proper. The conduct of Baillie throughout seems altogether extraordinary, but it is alleged that he had no power to act for himself, being subject to the directions of a council of war, composed of the Earls of Crawford and Cassilis, Lords Balmerino, Kirkcudbright, and others. As Montrose could not attempt to cross the water of Isla without cavalry, in opposition to a force so greatly superior, he led his army off in the direction of the Grampians, and marched upon Dunkeld, of which he took possession. Baillie being fully aware of his intention to cross the Tay, immediately withdrew to Perth for the purpose of opposing Montrose’s passage; but, if Montrose really entertained such an intention after he had sent away the Gordon troopers, he abandoned it after reaching Dunkeld, and resolved to retrace his steps northwards. Being anxious, however, to signalize himself by some important achievement before he returned to the north,

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and to give confidence to the royalists, he determined to surprise Dundee, a town which had rendered itself particularly obnoxious to him for the resistance made by the inhabitants after the battle of Tippermuir.

This is a perfect example of the universe presenting you with a reverse situation! The Viking proto-Baillie - Ragnar Ravnskjold Sigurdsson from Balestrand in Norway was with Olaf Tryggvasson at the Battle of Maldon 991 AD. The Vikings used the exact same ruse to cross by causeway, the tidal waters of the river Black water in Essex. They asked the Saxons if they may be allowed to cross in order to fight fairly on even ground, the Saxons unwisely allowed this to happen and subsequently lost the engagement with the death of their celebrated leader Ealdorman Byrhtnoth. This time Montrose playing the part of the Saxons was doing the asking! The subconscious memory of William Baillie would have smelt this trap several miles off and this would account for the indecision. The epic Anglo-Saxon poem on this has ever been with me these last 30 years. Ravnskjold - Raven shield, was the nickname given to Ragnar Sigurdsson due to his painted shield and the fact that death tended to follow wherever he went. This was the height of the “Baillie” hatred against Rome, made manifest and Anglo- Saxon England was a soft target. The irony is that the memory previous to this is of being a Saxon! But that is exactly how it works.

March 1645: Action around Dundee

It was about six o’clock in the evening when Montrose began his retreat, at which hour the last of Baillie’s foot had reached Dundee. Scarcely had Montrose begun to move, when intelligence was received by Baillie, from some prisoners he had taken, of Montrose’s intentions, which was now confirmed by ocular proof. A proposal, it is said, was then made by Hurry, to follow Montrose with the whole army, and attack him, but Baillie rejected it; and the better, as he thought, to secure Montrose, and prevent his escape, he divided his army into two parts, one of which he sent off in the direction of the Grampians, to prevent Montrose from entering the Highlands; and the other followed directly in the rear of Montrose*. He thus expected to be able to cut off Montrose entirely, and to encourage his men to the pursuit, he offered a reward of 20,000 crowns to any one who should bring him Montrose’s head. Baillie’s cavalry soon came up with Montrose’s rear, but they were so well received by the musketeers,

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who brought down some of them, that they became very cautious in their approaches. The darkness of the night soon put an end to the pursuit, and Montrose continued unmolested his march to Arbroath, in the neighbourhood of which he arrived about midnight. His troops had now marched upwards of 40 miles, 17 of which they had performed in a few hours, in the face of a large army, and had passed two nights and a day without sleep; but as their safety might be endangered by allowing them to repose till daylight, Montrose entreated them to proceed on their march. Though almost exhausted with incessant fatigue, and overpowered with drowsiness, they readily obeyed the order of their general, and, after a short halt, proceeded on their route in a north- westerly direction. They arrived at the South Esk early in the morning, which they crossed, at sunrise, near Carriston Castle. Montrose now sent notice to the party which he had despatched from Dunkeld to Brechin, with his baggage, to join him, but they had, on hearing of his retreat, already taken refuge among the neighbouring hills. Baillie, who had passed the night at Forfar, now considered that he had Montrose completely in his power; but, to his utter amazement, not a trace of Montrose was to be seen next morning. Little did he imagine that Montrose had passed close by him during the night, and eluded his grasp. Chagrined at this unexpected disappointment, Baillie, without waiting for his foot, galloped off at full speed to overtake Montrose, and, with such celerity did he travel, that he was close upon Montrose before the latter received notice of his approach**. The whole of Montrose’s men, with the exception of a few sentinels, were now stretched upon the ground, in a state of profound repose, and, so firmly did sleep hold their exhausted frames in its grasp, that it was with the utmost difficulty that they could be aroused from their slumbers, or made sensible of their danger. The sentinels, it is said, had even to prick some of them with their swords, before they could be awakened, and when at length the sleepers were aroused they effected a retreat, after some skirmishing, to the foot of the Grampians, about three miles distant from their camp, and retired, thereafter, through Glenesk into the interior without further molestation.

* This is completely wrong as it was Hurry that wanted to split the army and chase off after Montrose! It is never a good idea to divide your force in the face of the enemy and William Baillie would like me never have allowed this to happen without being pressured. Hurry was a cavalryman and

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splitting forces would have suited the cavalry, the infantry are far more wise and know that it is best to stick together, whatever! The 20,000 crowns as a reward is a good Viking solution, but I think the writer wishing to boost Montrose’s worth grossly exaggerated the amount offered 200 or 2000 at most is much near the mark. ** Again this is typical “me” a sudden burst of action can sometimes sort the problem, but not in this case as Montrose simply melted into the hills.

April 1645: Actions around Perth

Apprehensive that they might be interrupted by Baillie’s troops, he resolved to make a diversion in their favour, and, by drawing off the attention of Baillie, enable them the more effectually to elude observation. Leaving, therefore, Macdonald, with about 200 men, to beat up the enemy in the neighbourhood of Coupar-Angus, Montrose proceeded, with the remainder of his forces, consisting only of 500 foot and 50 horse, to Dunkeld, whence he marched to Crieff, which is about 17 miles west from Perth. It was not until he had arrived at the latter town that Baillie, who, after his pursuit of Montrose, had returned to Perth with his army, heard of this movement. As Baillie was sufficiently aware of the weakness of Montrose’s force, and as he was sure that, with such a great disparity, Montrose would not risk a general engagement, he endeavoured to surprise him, in the hope either of cutting him off entirely, or crippling him so effectually as to prevent him from again taking the field. He therefore left Perth during the night of the 7th of April, with his whole army, consisting of 2,000 foot and 500 horse, with the intention of falling upon Montrose by break of day, before he should be aware of his presence; but Montrose’s experience had taught him the necessity of being always upon his guard when so near an enemy’s camp, and, accordingly, he had drawn up his army, in anticipation of Baillie’s advance, in such order as would enable him either to give battle or retreat. As soon as he heard of Baillie’s approach, Montrose advanced with his horse to reconnoitre, and having ascertained the enemy’s strength and numbers, which were too formidable to be encountered with his little band, brave as they were, he gave immediate orders to his foot to retreat with speed up Strathearn, and to retire into the adjoining passes. To prevent them from being harassed in their retreat by the enemy’s cavalry, Montrose covered their rear with his small body of

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horse, sustaining a very severe attack, which he warmly repulsed. After a march of about eight miles, Montrose’s troops arrived at the pass of Strathearn, of which they took immediate possession, and Baillie, thinking it useless to follow them into their retreat, discontinued the pursuit, and retired with his army towards Perth. Montrose passed the night on the banks of Loch Earn, and marched next morning through Balquidder, where he was joined, at the ford of Cardross, by the Viscount Aboyne, the Master of Napier, Hay of Dalgetty, and Stirling of Keir, who, along with the Earl of Nithsdale, Lord Herries, and others, had escaped from Carlisle, as before stated. No sooner had Baillie returned from the pursuit of Montrose than intelligence was brought him that Macdonald, with the 200 men which Montrose had left with him, had burnt the town of Coupar-Angus, -that he had wasted the lands of Lord Balnerino, -kiIled Patrick Lindsay, the minister of Coupar, -and finally, after routing some troopers of Lord Balcarras, and carrying off their horses and arms, had fled to the hills. This occurrence, withdrawing the attention of Baillie from Montrose’s future movements, enabled the latter to proceed to the north without opposition.

The reader can appreciate the nature of the cat and mouse game being played when consulting a route map of the area. A small lightly armed force can travel quickly over the heather and pop out at will to cause the maximum nuisance.

May 1645: Actions after the Defeat at Auldearn

When General Baillie first heard of the defeat of his colleague, Hurry, at Auldearn, he was lying at Cromar, with his army. He had, in the beginning of May, after Montrose’s departure to the north, entered Athole, which he had wasted with fire and sword, and had made an attempt upon the strong castle of Blair, in which many of the prisoners taken at the battle of Inverlochy were confined; but, not succeeding in his enterprise, he had, after collecting an immense booty, marched through Athole, and, passing by Kirriemuir and Fettercairn, encamped on the Birse on the 10th of May. His force at this time amounted to about 2,000 foot and 120 troopers. On the following day he had marched to Cromar, where he encamped between the Kirks of Coull and Tarlan till he should be joined by Lord Balcarras’s horse regiment.

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In a short time he was joined, not only by Balcarras’s regiment, but by two foot regiments. The ministers endeavoured to induce the country people also to join Baillie, by “thundering out of pulpits,” but “they lay still,” says Spalding, “and would not follow him.” As soon as Baillie heard of the defeat of Hurry, he raised his camp at Cromar, upon the 19th of May, and hastened north. He arrived at the wood of Cochlaraehie, within two miles of Strathbogie, before Montrose was aware of his approach. Here he was joined by Hurry, who, with some horse from Inverness, had passed themselves off as belonging to Lord Gordon’s party, and had thus been permitted to go through Montrose’s lines without opposition. It was on the 19th of May, when lying at Birkenbog, that Montrose received the intelligence of Baillie’s arrival in the neighbourhood of Strathbogie.

The distances involved are quite formidable especially when a large amount of baggage is being carried. Often a circuitous lowland route is necessary and is therefore predictable from the point of view of the opposition.

June 1645: Prelude to the Battle of Alford

But as soon as the darkness of the night prevented Baillie from discovering his motions, Montrose marched rapidly up the south side of the Spey with his foot, leaving his horse behind him, with instructions to follow him as soon as daylight began to appear. Baillie had passed the night in the confident expectation of a battle next day, but was surprised to learn the following morning that not a vestige of Montrose’s army was to be seen. Montrose had taken the route to Balveny, which having been ascertained by Baillie, he immediately prepared to follow. He, accordingly, crossed the Spey, and after a rapid march, almost overtook the retiring foe in Glenlivet; but Montrose, having outdistanced his pursuers by several miles before night came on, got the start of them so completely, that they were quite at a loss next morning to ascertain the route he had taken, and could only guess at it by observing the traces of his footsteps on the grass and the heather over which he had passed. Following, therefore, the course thus pointed out, Baillie came again in sight of Montrose; but he found that he had taken up a position, which, whilst it almost defied approach from its rocky and woody situation, commanded the entrance into Badenoch, from which country Montrose

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could, without molestation, draw supplies of both men and provisions. To attack Montrose in his stronghold was out of the question; but, in the hope of withdrawing him from it, Baillie encamped his army hard by. Montrose lay quite secure in his well-chosen position, from which he sent out parties who, skirmishing by day, and beating up the quarters of the enemy during the night, so harassed and frightened them, that they were obliged to retreat to Inverness, after a stay of a few days, a measure which was rendered still more necessary from the want of provisions and of provender for the horses. Leaving Inverness, Baillie crossed the Spey, and proceeded to Aberdeenshire, arriving on the 3d of June at Newton, in the Garioch, “where he encamped, destroying the country, and cutting the green growing crops to the very clod.” Having got quit of the presence of Baillie’s army, Montrose resolved to make a descent into Angus, and attack the Earl of Crawford, who lay at the castle of Newtyle with an army of reserve to support Baillie, and to prevent Montrose from crossing the Forth, and carrying the war into the south. This nobleman, who stood next to Argyle, as head of the Covenanters, had often complained to the Estates against Argyle, whose rival he was, for his inactivity and pusillanimity; and having insinuated that he would have acted a very different part had the command of such an army as Argyle had, been entrusted to him, he had the address to obtain the command of the army now under him, which had been newly raised; but the earl was without military experience, and quite unfit to cope with Montrose. Proceeding through Badenoch, Montrose crossed the Grampians, and arrived by rapid marches on the banks of the river Airly, within seven miles of Crawford’s camp, but was prevented from giving battle by the desertion of the Gordons and their friends, who almost all returned to their country. He now formed the resolution to attack Baillie himself, but before he could venture on such a bold step, he saw that there was an absolute necessity of making some additions to his force.

The rocky terrain around this area is ideal for the hit and run tactics employed. As is the ability to take light troops over hills rather than around them. The Earl of Crawford was fond of giving orders and had the power of the committee on his side when dealing with William Baillie. He wasn’t easy to deal with that’s for sure!

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July 1645: The Battle of Alford

In the meantime, Baillie lay in camp on Dee-side, in the lower part of Mar, where he was joined by Crawford; but he showed no disposition to attack Montrose, who, from the inferiority, in point of number, of his forces, retired to the old castle of Kargarf. Crawford did not, however, remain long, with Baillie; but, exchanging a thousand of his raw recruits for a similar number of Baillie’s veterans, he returned with these, and the remainder of his army, through the Mearns into Angus, as if he intended some mighty exploit; he, thereafter, entered Athole, and in imitation of Argyle, plundered and burnt the country. Raising his camp, Baillie marched towards Strathbogie to lay siege to the Marquis of Huntly’s castle, the Bog of Gight, now Gordon castle; but although Montrose had not yet received any reinforcements, he resolved to follow Baillie and prevent him from putting his design into execution. But Montrose had marched scarcely three miles when he was observed by Baillie’s scouts, and at the same time ascertained that Baillie had taken up a strong position on a rising ground above Keith, about two miles off. Next morning Montrose, not considering it advisable to attack Baillie in the strong position he occupied, sent a trumpeter to him offering to engage him on open ground, but Baillie answered the hostile message by saying, that he would not receive orders for fighting from his enemy. In this situation of matters, Montrose had recourse to stratagem to draw Baillie from his stronghold. By retiring across the river Don, the covenanting general was led to believe that Montrose intended to march to the south, and he was, therefore, advised by a committee of the Estates which always accompanied him, and in whose hands he appears to have been a mere passive instrument, to pursue Montrose. As soon as Montrose’s scouts brought intelligence that Baillie was advancing, he set off by break of day to the village of Alford on the river Don, where he intended to await the enemy. When Baillie was informed of this movement, he imagined that Montrose was in full retreat before him, a supposition which encouraged him so to hasten his march, that he came up with Montrose at noon at the distance of a few miles from Alford. Montrose, thereupon, drew up his army in order of battle on an advantageous rising ground and waited for the enemy; but instead of attacking him, Baillie made a detour to the left with the intention of getting into Montrose’s rear and cutting off his retreat. Montrose then continued his march to Alford, where he passed the night. On the

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following morning, the 2d of July, the two armies were only the distance of about four miles from each other. Montrose drew up his troops on a little hill behind the village of Alford. In his rear was a marsh full of ditches and pits, which would protect him from the inroads of Baillie’s cavalry should they attempt to assail him in that quarter, and in his front stood a steep hill, which prevented the enemy from observing his motions.

Crawford takes another 1000 experienced troops in exchange for raw recruits, hardly a fair deal! Baillie is being hampered by the Committee and the aristocracy at every turn. All this would boil into anger when as a trooper in Cromwell’s Ironsides the time came to settle all these old scores.

July 1645: Parliamentary Enquiry

The victories of Montrose in Scotland were more than counterbalanced by those of the parliamentary forces in England. Under different cir- cumstances, the success at Alford might have been attended with consequences the most important to the royal cause; but the defeat of the king on the 14th of June, at Naseby, had raised the hopes of the Covenanters, and prepared their minds to receive the tidings of Baillie’s defeat with coolness and moderation. Upon the day on which the battle of Alford was fought, the parliament had adjourned to Stirling from Edinburgh, on account of a destructive pestilence which had reached the capital from Newcastle, by way of Kelso. Thither General Baillie, Lord Balcarras, and the committee of Estates, which had accompanied the covenanting army, repaired, to lay a statement of the late disaster before the parliament, and to receive instructions as to their future conduct. With the exception of Baillie, they were well received. Balcarras, who had particularly distinguished himself in the battle at the head of his home, received a vote of thanks, and a similar acknowledgment was, after some hesitation, awarded to Baillie, notwithstanding some attempts made to prejudice the parliament against him. But the fact was, they could not dispense in the present emergency with an officer of the military talents of Baillie, who, instead of shrinking from responsibility for the loss of the battle of Alford, offered to stand trial before a court martial, and to justify his conduct on that occasion. To have withheld, therefore, the usual token of approbation from him, while bestowing it

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upon an inferior officer, would have been to fix a stigma upon him which he was not disposed to brook consistently with the retention of the command of the army; and as the parliament resolved to renew his commission, by appointing him to the command of the army then being concentrated at Perth, they afterwards professed their unqualified satisfaction with him.

I am very good at never giving a straight answer to a question and this is why! Balcarras was another hot headed aristocrat and precipitated the disaster at Alford by his rash actions. He was also a master at self publicity and as such got away with it. Interestingly he went with his wife after the war to Holland where he was often seen at the court of Frederik Hendrik, thus showing his royalist sympathies when it came to self interest.

July 1645: The Chase begins again

As soon as Baillie, the covenanting general, perceived that Montrose was in full retreat, he despatched General Hurry with the cavalry in pursuit of him; but from a most unaccountable delay on Hurry’s part in crossing the Pow-so slow, indeed, had his movements been, that Baillie’s foot overtook him at the fords of the Almond-Montrose had almost reached the passes of the mountains before he was overtaken. Chagrined at his easy escape, and determined to perform some striking exploit before Montrose should retire into his fastnesses, a body of 300 of the best mounted covenanting cavalry set off at full gallop after him, and attacked him with great fury, using at the same time the most insulting and abusive language. To put an end to this annoyance, Montrose selected twenty expert Highlanders, and requested them to bring down some of the assailants. Accordingly these marksmen advanced in a crouching attitude, concealing their guns, and having approached within musket-shot, took deliberate aim, and soon brought down the more advanced of the party.

Another chance for a swift victory lost, through the cavalry looking after their own interests. For if you lose your horse you are relegated to the infantry and we all know where that leads :) These lessons were well learnt and ensured that Baillie next time as Baillie Kell in the American Civil War would join the 5th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry or anything rather than the infantry.

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August 1645: Prelude to the Battle of Kilsyth

This movement had the effect of drawing Baillie from his stronghold, who cautiously followed Montrose at a respectful distance. In the course of his march, Baillie was again joined by the three Fife regiments. On arriving at Kinross in the evening, Montrose learned from an advanced party he had sent out to collect information through the country, under the command of Colonel Nathaniel Gordon, and Sir William Block, that the people of Fife were in arms, a piece of intelligence which made him resolve immediately to retrace his steps, judging it imprudent to risk a battle in such a hostile district. Although the men of Fife were stern Covenanters, and were ready to fight for the Covenant on their own soil, yet living for the most part in towns, and following out the sober pursuits of a quiet and domestic life, they had no relish for war, and disliked the service of the camp. Hence the speedy return of the Fife regiments from the camp at Methven, to their own country, and hence another reason which induced Montrose to leave their unfriendly soil, viz., that they would probably again abandon Baillie, should he attempt to follow Montrose in his progress west. Accordingly, after remaining a night at Kinross, Montrose, the following morning, marched towards Alloa, in the neighbourhood of which he arrived in the evening, and passed the night in the wood of Tullybody. He halted within three miles of the town, where his army passed the night, and being apprised next morning, by one of Baillie’s scouts who had been taken prisoner, that Baillie was close at hand with the whole of his army, Montrose marched quickly up to the fords of Frew, about eight miles above Stirling bridge, and there crossed the Forth. Pursuing his march the following morning in the direction of Glasgow, he made a short halt about six miles from Stirling, to ascertain the enemy’s movements, and being informed that Baillie had not yet crossed the Forth, he marched to Kilsyth, where he encamped. During the day, Baillie passed the Forth by Stirling bridge, and marching forwards, came within view of Montrose’s army, and encamped that evening within three miles of Kilsyth. The covenanting army had, in its progress westward, followed exactly the tract of Montrose through the vale of the Devon. The Marquis of Argyle availing himself of this circumstance, caused the house of Menstrie, the seat of the Earl of Stirling, the king’s secretary, and that of Airthrie, belonging to Sir John Graham of Brace, to be burnt. He, moreover, sent an insolent message to the Earl of Mar, notifying to him, that, on the

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return of the army from the pursuit of Montrose, he, the earl, might calculate on having his castle also burnt, for the hospitality he had shown Montrose. The conjecture of Montrose, that the Fife regiments would not cross the Forth, was not altogether without foundation. In fact, when they arrived near Stirling, they positively refused to advance further, and excused themselves by alleging, that they were raised on the express condition that they should not be called upon to serve out of their own shire, and that, having already advanced beyond its limits, they would on no account cross the Forth. But their obstinacy was overcome by the all-powerful influence of the ministers, who, in addition to the usual scriptural appeals, “told them jolly tales that Lanark, Glencairn, and Eglinton, were lifting an army to join them, and therefore entreated that they would, for only one day more, go out,” until that army approached, when they should be discharged. While the Fife regiments were thus persuaded to expose themselves to the unforeseen destruction which unfortunately awaited them, an incident occurred on the opposite bank of the Forth, which betokened ill for the future prospects of the covenanting army.

One volunteer is worth 10 or a 100 pressed men and never was a saying more true than in this case. The disaster that followed was just waiting to happen. Argyle’s petty vindictiveness would only escalate the atrocities that followed. A sorry mess indeed, but t’was ever thus in Scottish clan history and ultimately the down fall of the whole nation at the hands of the English. William Baillie would play his part in that affair and for better or worse the rest of British history would be altered.

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Appendix Three

A Letter to George on the discovery of Anneke “Annie” Adriaansdater Baillie

Update: E-mail Letter to Paul Karabin, Amsterdam New York, May 11, 2006. Paul has the same face and memory of Major General George E Pickett CSA. His story will be the subject of my first casebook after Covenant General. Note Paul was born and lives in Amsterdam, New York - a marvellous coincidence!

Hi George

Must be time almost for that there Civil War weekend? Looking forward to seeing pictures of the costumes and events! Especially if the cannon is there again Over this side of the pond some news on the Covenant General front again - cannons to the fore!!! School has eaten up my time, but I did confirm the name of William Baillie’s Dutch wife - it is Anneke and she was Admiraal de Ruyter’s sister! Anneke Adriaansdater, born July 5, 1613 - 7th child. Michiel Adriaanszoon was the 4th child - March 27, 1607. He went on to become the famous Dutch Admiraal. William Baillie was born around April 4, 1600, as there is almost an exact two months synchronicity lag between him and me. Also in 1652 he goes to Holland and joins the Dutch Confederate Navy! Note the word Confederate!

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A gunnery Officer (General at Sea) on his brother-in-law’s ship! All those lovely cannons to play with! This is why I was fascinated with my Dad’s model galleon aged 4! It all ties up beautifully. So, I am leaving the New Model (Ashford school) and joining the Confederate Navy (Wellesley House)! With my own room/cabin and my lab even has a balcony, just like a quarter deck or Admiral’s walk on a galleon. I reckon Baillie’s old friend Sir James Lumsden probably went too! Robert has a large wooden model of Lord Nelson’s flagship, HMS Victory and a Dutch painting of sailing ships in his lounge! He has started to remember too - he is 3 weeks out of synch with me, due to his birthday being 23rd of June mines the 4th! The First Anglo Dutch war 1652 to 1654 makes complete sense with Baillie Kell’s brother being in the Confederate Navy - it was a reverse - let’s see the other side of the coin scenario. Also all those memories were relived in 1976 on Vlissingen beach in the exact same geographical location with José and Pauline This is why I carried this photo for 24 years in my wallet on the back is simply written –

Vlissingen 1976, Admiraal De Ruyter!

Not Pauline as you would expect! Shows you how the subconscious marks things! Cannons too - I love those cannons! Anneke was 15 when William Baillie married her in 1628 and she had her first child the next year in 1629, second 1633 and third 1634. The experience was so intense that this led to Baillie Kell trying to recapture and relive the memory with Sapelo Sallie in 1860 and as that failed miserably again with Pauline this time around. I even remembered how Anneke and Baillie met - Baillie was in the local Tavern in Vlissingen. This was a landing point for Scots adventurers, due to its links with the Scottish wool trade. Anneke’s father Adriaan was a humble beer porter - Baillie was looking for lodgings so he ended up living with the family.

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Brother Michiel was a sailor at 11 and in 1623 when he was 15, he became a musketeer at the relief of Bergen op Zoom. Baillie would have been there too! Michiel’s uncle was a Ruiter (Ruyter old spelling) = Cavalryman. Michiel was so taken with him that he took the name De Ruyter as his surname! It is the Cavalry connection. William Baillie then rose in status and wealth. Anneke was 7 when they first met and returning to the family found that she had grown into a beautiful young woman at 15 years old in 1628. Coincidentally I instinctively re-enacted this during the Easter vacation of 1976. I took my Dad’s ashes to spread on the old cricket pitch at Ripley village green near Guildford. He played cricket there after his 7 years in the Palestine Police during World War II and he had been all over the world during the 14 years previous to that as a soldier. He was so glad to see the English green fields and grass again, that this was one of his happiest times. Coming back from the green where I had just had a chat with the Captain of the present cricket team. This had occurred as he thought I was vandalising the wicket with weed killer! I said, “No it’s just my Dad!” He was quite remiss at the gravity of the unexpected reply that we sat and had a chat on the memorial bench that was his Dad’s - coincidentally his father had been Captain during my Dad’s time! After that I stopped at Auntie Rita’s, my Mum’s old school friend’s house on the edge of the green. I talked with Rita and Sandra the eldest sister, who was my age and had a cup of tea. The occasion was quite solemn as we discussed the death of my father. Then out of the blue I was absolutely stunned, like a rabbit in the headlights when I saw “little” Gillian the younger of the two sisters walk into the room. For she had the most radiant white blonde hair and tanned complexion! She was also exactly 15 years of age and studying for her school exams. I immediately asked her on impulse if she would like to come for a walk around the green! As this tends to mean, you are going out with someone in a small English village - Auntie Rita and Sandra therefore decided that they would come too! My Dad always said this and likewise in such a close knit community if you were invited home for Sunday tea then that meant wedding bells. After the walk I bid my fond

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farewells and went back to my Nan and Auntie Frances just down the road. I had without a doubt relived that moment when William Baillie set eyes on Anneke after a lengthy period during which she had grown up for Gillian had been around 7 the last time we had met. With no dowry Adriaan was pleased to marry one of his many children successfully and thus alleviate the financial burden. This happened in 1628. For in 1629 Baillie was at the siege of Den Bosch and returned a wealthy man at end of September. Adriaan then sadly died in the October. Anneke gave birth to their first son Jamie Baillie 9 days after the tragedy. She stayed to comfort her mother who helped support and look after the baby. Both were well provided for, by Baillie whilst he kitted himself out as a Ruyter - cavalryman! Baillie then went away in 1630 to join General Åke Tott’s Lifeguard Regiment in Germany for Gustavus II Adolphus. He returned after the Swedish King’s death in Oct 1632. When he came back with more wealth they moved to Amsterdam to set up home. It all fits the patterns and geography, which will be in part two of the book. While serving with De Ruyter, Baillie would have ended up in the Baltic 1655 to 1660, in the exact same place that my Viking proto me was at the Battle of Svolda Fjord with King Olaf Tr yggvasson in 1000AD - again all fits the geography pattern.

So this is really unfolding moment by moment.

ian :) Baillie

PS I love the Confederate Navy coincidence!

-- Ian Baillie

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Appendix Four

A Thought on Quantum Consciousness

Yesterday I thought of how echoes of the past/future shape the present it was staring me in the face - the quantum connection - electrons are wave particles - they can be split into two - when one turns right the other turns right - there is an unseen connection between them..... proven physics well we are the same!!!!!!!!!! our quantum consciousness powers many physical bodies at the same moment - it has split just like the electron!!!!!!!! So when one body turns right all the others turn right etc...... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

eureka that’s it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

We are a tad more complex than a single electron but the same law applies just more fuzzily - so now we have a physics mechanism for past life synchronicity!!!!!!!!!!! that’s why my timelines are accurate to within one week!!!!!!!!!!!

Now with increased power of information we can as with the telescope see what we could not see previously!!!!!!!!!! The experimental evidence for the math and physics!!!!!!!!!!!!

Yeah!!!!!!!!!!

QED

I’ll leave you with that thought!

Baillie :) xxx

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Appendix Five

A Tale of Quantum Coincidence

An e-mail to Dr Norman C Delaney Professor of History, Del Mar College, Corpus Christi, TX.

On the occasion of John McIntosh Kell’s 183rd birthday.

January 23, 2006

Hi Norman and Happy Birthday to the Old Luff! You triggered my old brain workingwith all this talk and the following coincidences tripped out......

The Spalding connection

Spring 1982 I attended a friend of my wife’s wedding in Birchington on sea. There I met Nick Spalding , 6 foot 2 , a black haired pale Celt of a lanky Scot (nicknamed Spider Spalding at School when young!) who by chance had married a school friend of my wife. We made instant friends and he invited me to join him and his friend Alan Mash in playing adventure role playing games with miniatures a la Dungeons and Dragons - except they used Tunnel and Trolls a home spun set of rules from a group in Phoenix Arizona that didn’t cost all the money of the in vogue D&D I instantly invented my first Character - Eowyn Morningstar from Lord of the Rings which was an externalised memory of Sarah “Sallie” Spalding from Sapelo Island.

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She became my main character for the next year and a half until I wentto work in Germany in 1984

Synchronicity

Nick had re-triggered the Sallie memory especially as he was a Spalding!

It was 1982 and I was 28 years old

On October 15th 1856 John McIntosh Kell got married to Blanche on Sapelo Island - that was the first time Baillie noticed Sallie Spalding now growing fast into a woman at 12 years of age

He was 28 years old

82 reversed is 28

and William Baillie was 28 in 1628 which all coincides in the time lines. He met and Married his blonde Dutch lady wife that year as in 1629 they had their first son James Baillie

And...... Alexander Baillie Kell was born in 1828!

I went on to write a series of games set in the Land of Jet and Crystal

Jet being a metaphor for Mary Sullivan with her black Celtic hair and Crystal a metaphor for Sallie with her blonde hair

The whole string of resonating subconscious echoes being played out in 1982 by a physical Baillie and a physical Spalding both of whom didn’t have a clue what they were doing!

Talking of which General Pickett (Paul Karabin) and family are in Richmond Virginia this weekend celebrating the birth of “Old George” Saturday 21st. Paul is going to visit Pickett’s grave who is buried along side Miss Sally “La Salle” Corbell and one of his sons. He is going to send a report of his experiences which will go in my number one case book when published as “Conversations with a Confederate Hero”

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So how’s that for a tale of quantum coincidence from the universe, as we sit by the log fire in the midst of winter and supp a glass or two to our own beloved Confederate Hero? !!!

Well time to go - Burn’s Night Wednesday and I’m fighting Stirling Bridge 1297 and Bannockburn 1314 today and tomorrow in my history class.

All my love

Ian :)

Yes, Ian, Monday is the 183rd birthday of John McIntosh Kell! Let’s do something special to commemorate the day.

Norman

Ian Baillie

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Appendix Six

Battle of Worcester 1651 A Fractal Re-enactment

Taken from an e-mail sent to Rosie Lagrue shortly after the action November 2005

How goes it? Any progress???

I have an interview with Wellesley House tonight at 6 pm for the Head of Science Job!

Time to saddle up and kick science butt again - feel ready for it after my “holiday” !!!

I plan to live in - weekly board so that I can get stuck in and do the duties and activities etc...... also it will save petrol, which is the major expense now so ready to roll - I think the universe wants this - just the way it has happened, also the Head’s name is R R Steel ..... Rail Road Steel !!!!

so as Baillie is working on the rail road and its 1879 - now I feel it is a sign post from the universe

After my excellent on all criteria with no weaknesses; that has given me the green light to be bolder and more confident in my approach

The job is for Sept 2006 so I can do a smooth hand over

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Did Roger De Haan’s fireworks Saturday AWESOME - we let 1 ton off in 15 minutes! £9.5 K apart from lugging the jolly lot up a hill by hand because we couldn’t go over the winter wheat and the protected headlands!!! It was like a 14 hour gym workout! But made it more the memorable

“If you can’t remember it, don’t do it!” is now my official motto

Mr Steel rang me up 10:30 am as we were just going into the field with the fireworks to offer me an interview - so all connected

Synchronicity wise this is the fractal equivalent of the Battle of Worcester 1651 - Cromwell was ill after Dunbar for 6 months and only got back in the saddle in June of that year

Nic has been ill with a brain tumour now removed and radiation therapy just finished in time for the fireworks campaign - he was well up for it the biggest show he’s ever done and all the others led up to it

He is very like Cromwell a good if sometimes fierce General when things are not going right - but always polite even when giving direct orders

He inspires loyalty and always leads from the front

Baillie must have stuck with Cromwell until the final 3rd civil war was over

He’s me I just need a pistol?! Seriously impressed by the amount of ordinance

and here’s General Nic actually smiling as we are all set to go despite all the problems

I had time to watch from the hill in between lighting the second and third row of mortars and it was awesome - Roger and his two eldest sons with Nic and Guy lit the cakes and the sight was amazing the sky filled and the ground lit up

As we donned our fireproof overalls and helmets with visors it all

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reminded me of the tribar pot of the Roundheads and the one for all - all for one philosophy of the New Model Army

I was there - the hill - I was on was Red Hill in Worcester where Baillie must have watched Cromwell put the final charge in that routed King Charles II and his cavaliers - he spent the next day hiding in an Oak tree...... me I spent it in bed recovering from the pounding - up and down the hill, up and down, up and down - I kept singing the Grand old Duke of York he had 10 000 men etc...... !!!!

Breeze blocks 3 4 5 6 8 and 10 inch mortar tubes every piece of ordinance was there - we started with breakfast in the Railway restaurant just down the road here at 8am and finished at 10 pm at Nic farm mud sweat and toil, all for 15 minutes of glory

Cool !!!

I thought back to August Bank holiday and how the universe had gifted me

my old helmet - the exact same type as Baillie wore on a daily basis for nigh on 30 years - I just tripped over it as I walked around Military Odyssey 2005 at Detling!

amazing to hold it again after 400 years

and the copy I made in 1984 so close....

I know that this era is a tough one for you, but it is why Baillie Kell met Mary Sullivan and why we met when we merged with the Catholic Convent in 1997

War is stupid and so are the emotional consequences, that is the message I try to get across

That is probably the purpose of my life this time around?

I went to Amsterdam in the half term and just wandered while the girls

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Ian Baillie

were shopping and I stumbled across the old shooting club! The Cross bow guild building was still there! despite people telling me that the University of Amsterdam Library was built on the site, it’s next door

the Old Lutheran Kerk was still there and around the back in the Handboogstraat (Cross bow street) Handboog is a cross bow in English

the garden portico was still there!!!!!!!!!!! WOW! emotional overdrive I just had to touch it

continued next e-mail......

Ian Baillie: I can remember walking through it, we used to practice archery in the long garden behind the doelen (target or goal literal translation - club house) and the thought that Mrs Endstra’s address was Ons Doelstraat 1 Boxtel (Our target or goal street) where I lived in the mid 70’s - it just hit me as the most almighty signpost ever!

You can see the motifs bows and cross bows quivers etc.....

amazing still there!

It is a gateway to another world - I’m going to use it on the book cover somewhere

Here’s me taken in the afternoon when I returned just to prove I was there - again!

and the sign that says it all......

very very emotional...... just seeing it brought tears

so the adventure continues ...... I will e-mail the story so far in the next e-mail

ian :::::::::: :) :) :)

Ian Baillie

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Unbeknown to me Rosie was actually invited to the party and so saw the amazing firework display first hand which was a nice coincidence. I then also discovered Gunshop Nic, Firework Kev and Shotgun Shane on an old American Civil War photograph taken in Nashville TN - July 4, 1861. The picture shows the First Tennessee Light Artillery posing with one of their field pieces, Nic is the Sargeant, Kev the Lt Colonel and Shane an artilleryman. It is the first picture that I have found with 3 individuals together on, that are reunited at present again in the physical atomic matrix. This is a new first and another land mark in my research. To cap it all they are engaging in the exact same activity as last time around except peacefully! Kevin even refuses to wear a red helmet, the traditional colour for the artillery in the ACW and prefers to wear his own white one. In the picture he is wearing a very distinctive white hat!!! He has also travelled over 10 times to America and especially Tennessee. It was these comments that prompted me to re-examine the photo, for I had spotted Nic on it some 4 years ago. Kev also has a great affinity with native Americans and continues to demonstrate this in the last firework show in July 2006. I planned to review their case in much more detail as part of my next book highlighting the past life memory case of General George E Pickett CSA. The book will be entitled - Conversations with a Confederate Hero and will come out next summer.

To be continued......

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Appendix Seven

The Triple Timeline

The triple timeline represents a summary in table form of all the major events in my two previous lives with the present. As such it displays a unique record of data that can be clearly analysed. The reader may discern the various links, synchronicities and patterns that underlie the passage of chronological time for three separate physical human beings with one unifying subconscious mind. Then draw personal conclusions as to the fractal nature of time, the physical universe and indeed everything.

*Similar timelines exist for other members of the Rebel Spirit and Covenant General crew, but space limitation prevents publication in this book.

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William 1600 to 1662? Alexander 23/02/1828 to 30/09/1912 Ian Charles 04/06/1954 to ?/?/???? Baillie Baillie Kell Baillie

1600 Born April?, Lamington, 1828 Born February 23, Laurel 1954 Born June 4, Folkestone, Kent, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Grove, Darien, GA. USA. England. Father Sir William Baillie - Father John Kell - Mother Father John Charles Baillie - Mother Lady Home of Berwick Margery Spalding Baillie Mother Jessie Evelyn Bushnell

1601 Adriaan Michielszoon marries 1829 1955 Pauline Elizabeth Danter b. Altje Jans, March 24 October 11, Gloucester. Future wife. Robert Matthew Habbick b. June 23, Margate. Choose cannon brooch

1602 (1) Lucretia Adriaansdater b. 1830 1956 Davy Crockett picture taken on March 19 faithful "horse" Mickey. Play with railroad ties in back garden.

1603 Elizabeth I dies January - James 1831 1957 Move to Minster in Thanet VI of Scotland made James I King of England - Start of Stuart dynasty

1604 (2) Michiel Adriaanszoon b. 1832 1958 Discover Galleon model carved April 16 and dies by father, drawn to ships New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page315

cannons. Visit Cowes, Isle of Wight - fascinated by the yacht signal cannons firing - want one!

1605 Gunpowder Plot November 5 1833 1959 Move to Ramsgate Sister Ann Frances Baillie b. February 24 Rosemary O'Sullivan b. February 14 Johanna Josepha Francesca Maria Endstra b. February 23

1606 (3) Cornelia Neeltje 1834 1960 Adriaansdater b. March 27 1961 100th anniversary start of 1607 (4) Michiel Adriaanszoon de 1835 American Civil War. Ruyter b. March 27 Play with Margaret Mirams William Baillie’s future relive Mary Sullivan memories. brother-in-law Enter St Lawrence C of E Junior Despite humble origins Boys' school. become’s Hollands most Kenneth Baillie from Glasgow in famous Admiraal same class.

1608 1836 Davy Crockett dies at the 1962 1000th anniversary of St Alamo, TX. Baillie's favourite Lawrence church sister-in-law Julia "Blanche" Munroe Kell born New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page316

1609 (5) 1837 1963 100th anniversary Battle of Grytie Adriaansdater b. June 5 Gettysburg July 1,2,3 and Siege Het Bestand 1609 - 1621 - the of Vicksburg July 4. Twelve Year Truce

1610 1838 1964 Civil War cards collected. 100th anniversary of Battle of Kennesaw Mountain and sinking of the CSS Alabama.

1611 (6) Jan Adriaanszoon b. May 20 1839 John McIntosh Kell 16th 1965 Enter St. George's C of E birthday. School. Collection grows rapidly, soldiers books etc. 100th anniversary of the end of American Civil War

1612 1840 1966 Memories gather strength. Solo wargaming on Sunday afternoons.

1613 (7) Anneke Adriaansdater b. 1841 1967 Meet David Pilcher. July 5 - Future wife of William Join Confederate High Baillie Command re-enactment group - Bartholomeus van der Helst 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry born - Mosby's Rangers

1614 1842 1968 Easter CSA camp at Chatham. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page317

key photo taken. Join Southern Skirmish Association. Make Confederate battle flag. Make brass door plaque at metal work inscribed Lt I C Baillie CSA!

1615 1843 1969 Build model cannon & musket / bayonet etc. at metal / wood work. Attend National Wargames Convention Worthing, win best painted ACW figures. Join school hiking group travel to Blean Woods near Canterbury. Rekindles memories same terrain as coastal Georgia.

1616 William Shakespeare dies aged 1844 Baillie's 16th Birthday 1970 Build full size working cannon 51. February 23. field piece, uniforms, muskets (8) Willem Adriaanszoon b. Sarah "Sallie" Elizabeth etc. for film. January 5 Spalding born at South End Re-enact and photograph the House, Sapelo Island GA. Next to Baillie Kell commissioning that the Lighthouse. never was with Canadian friend Gordon Whyte. Make Civil War film in Blean New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page318

Woods with 12 friends from hiking group. Outpouring of art, writing and sculpture on the Civil War. First brief encounter with Pauline Elizabeth Danter. Lighthouse sign connection

1617 1845 1971 See Pauline in orchestra at sister's open evening

1618 (9) Lysbeth Adriaansdater b. 1846 1972 April 10 and dies

1619 (10) Cornelia Adriaansdater b. 1847 1973 Arrange basketball match September 1 Pauline comes along as part of the St George's Girls' team. Spend August in Spain sudden interest in learning Dutch. Become engaged to Pauline Elizabeth Danter on her 18th birthday. Exact same as Mary Sullivan in 1870! Picture given as a keepsake exact same as to Sallie in 1861. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page319

1620 Baillie meets Jamie Lumsden - 1848 Enter College of New Jersey 1974 Work on Railway until June. they then travel together as (Princeton) Three trips to Holland + Inter- Scotsmen - huurlingen from rail Tour of Europe: Visit Edinburgh. In the north east of the United Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. States of America, just as Meet Robert at party in Arrive in Vlissingen, Holland Newcastle upon Tyne is in the Whitstable and find out that he and take up lodgings with north east of the United is coincidentally going to Adriaan Michielszoon a beer Kingdom! Newcastle University! See porter. Cavalier armour at Elizabeth The south east coast of castle Jersey with Dad triggers They then enlist together in Georgia has all the exact same William Baillie memory. Enter Prins Maurit's Army place names as the south east University Newcastle upon coast of England!! Tyne - with Robert Matthew Habbick - we travel together Dover Bluff, Folkston, on the Flying Scotsman. Join Dungeness and even the Cavaliers, Sir Thomas Boulogne!!! Tysley's Regt of the King's Army - Battle at Innerleithen. Near Baillie ancestral home in Lamington Scotland!

1621 End of the Twelve Year Truce. 1849 Oct 22, suspended for "throwing 1975 Famous for "exploding fireballs!" fireworks!" Make Ironside (11) Lysbeth Adriaansdater b. armour and uniform - refuse to May 22. join Infantry. Battle at Brill - swap sides join Roundheads. Dutch offensive begins anew - Meet Familie Endstra with their New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page320

Prins Maurit's in charge of a daughter José aged 16 on train - well disciplined and professional go to Holland - Dutch force. connection pattern takes root. Baillie and Lumsden in the Frequent use of the Flying thick of it! Lots of explosions Scotsman to return home as and gun powder... :) feeling lonely in Newcastle

1622 Anneke Adriaansdater 1850 Kells' mentioned in the 1850 1976 John Charles Baillie dies 9 years of age July 5. US Census, McIntosh County January. Easter - encounter with GA. Baillie listed as 21 years old. cousin Gillian who looks like William Baillie stays at Anneke Adriaansdater. Work at Vlissingen boarding house. Sarah "Sallie" Elizabeth Spalding Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren 6 years of age. Noord Brabant - long hot summer. Spend weekends at Vlissingen with José and Familie Endstra.. Relive Anneke Baillie memory, stay night in Vlissingen boarding house and by taking photographs of Pauline with De Ruyter's statue. Visit Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam see the Night Watch - Nacht Wacht - a real subconscious memory jerker! Become fixated with the musketeer in red uniform - New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page321

echoes of the 3 musketeers' Baillie, Jamie and Michiel?

1623 Relief of Bergen op Zoom. 15 1851 Leave Princeton to finish 1977 Leave Newcastle with year old musketeer Michiel degree at Kentucky Military BSc.Hons. Ian and Robert Adriaanszoon is wounded with a Institute. travel home together on the pike to the head. He takes the Flying Scotsman. name De Ruyter(cavalryman) Frustration at not being able to after his uncle's profession. go to Holland to work. Baillie and Jamie Lumsden Married Sept10 at St Mary's return home with him to church Minster in Thanet - Vlissingen. ons José and Mama attend.

1624 1852 Kentucky Military Institute gain 1978 Christ Church College BA. Canterbury, graduate with PGCE. - work at the ENCEBE Slachterij Boxtel. Dutch history interest begins. Out pouring of art. Draw William Baillie portrait from memory. Start first teaching post at St. George's C of E School.

1625 Siege of Breda - 1853 On plantation. Brother John 1979 Illness - visit 350th anniversary Prins Maurits dies gains recognition by sailing with Siege of s'Hertogenbosch Commodore Perry to Japan. He exhibition (1629-1979) Write New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page322

comes back as master of a ship. book on siege and paint Dutch wargame army. Give José St. George's C of E School sweat shirt

1626 1980 Recovery - publish book - Buy 1854 saddle. Visit Holland then visit Italy with Phil and Carole Moore

1627 Baillie promoted now using a 1855 1981 Make Scottish castle tower house halberd exactly as in the drawing model(Baillie's Lamington made in 1978. tower!) - paint Baillie attacking Argyll toy soldiers. Compulsion Returns back home to to buy wheel lock pistol in Italy Vlissingen and is startled by - visit Innsbruck with Phil and Anneke's blonde hair and how Carole Moore. Christmas in she has blossomed into a Malta - armour displays attract beautiful woman. Baillie has attention - desire to complete money and prospects. sword cross belt in Medina

1628 William Baillie marries 1856 Oct 15, Brother John marries; 1982 Parties begin with promotion Anneke Adriaansdater. the big party!!! Sallie Spalding and move to new school. Meet She is 15 years of age. aged 12 - belle of the ball. new Karate/Tunnels & Trolls Steals Baillie's heart. friend Nick Spalding at Anneke same age as cousin Equates with marrying Anneke wedding. Invent character Gillian when subconscious knee last time around Eowyn Morningstar based on New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page323

jerk reaction occurred in 1976 Sallie memory. Investigate buying kilt and make Baillie shield. Visit Holland - José marries Claus and I give away my sister Ann in marriage to Steve Dean! :)

1629 Siege of s'Hertogenbosch. 1857 Realizes that he will have to 1983 Becoming more military Anneke's father Adriaan dies make something of himself in minded. Research buying kilt, October 20. order to win Sallie when she send for tartan samples - make (1)James Baillie first son born comes of age. Discontent "of Baillie shield and coat of arms. October 29. being stuck at Laurel Grove" Build second more accurate set leads to friction with the women of Ironside armour - plus boots Baillie is paid off and ends up folk, especially Mother and ECW uniform. with the rank of Colonel of Equates with start of ACW in Dutch Infantry 1861. Double wave emotional rush as exact timing of siege of Den Bosch!

1630 Now a prestigious Colonel of 1858 "Argues for buying Rushlands 1984 Sowing of Dutch flag on Dutch Infantry, Baillie joins instead of toiling for nought at German Army shirt - now the Sint Joris Doelen Voetboog home." Sallie often visits Aunt wearing ex German army gear - schieten club - but no work in Hettie and Baillie. Officers pullover, Barbour etc. Holland. Join Thanet Pistol and Sporting Gun Club, buy first He has the wealth and means to Baillie is frustrated and knows black powder pistol. A .36 kit himself out for the duration, that he must make something of Colt Navy revolver, Model New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page324

purchases good quality Dutch himself in order to win Sallie. 1851. lobster pot, back and breast, Seek British Army commission vambrace, buff coat, horse, The immediate past life pattern and offered same. saddle and fire arms. He is now is driving him on! It is make or Buy rapiers in Ibiza to complete a proper de Ruyter! break time. William Baillie uniform. Move to Germany with SCS. Makes way to north Germany Baillie's argument wins and the Equates with losing Sallie in where Gustavus II Adolphus is family backed by John raise a 1862 hence terrible compounded recruiting mercenaries. He joins $1000 to purchase another emotional loss on plane after General Åke Tott's German plantation leaving Pauline. mercenary cavalry as a Ruiter She nearly decides not to leave (Ruyter) and serves under the England, but comes to Germany 4 black flag (skull and bones) weeks later thus repairing the rift last time around. The ultimate test! Wear full William Baillie black armour in the Officers' Mess at Fancy Dress Christmas Party!

1631 Campaign drive through 1859 The purchase of Rushlands, a 1985 Drive through Germany to Germany. plantation just to the north of Italy. "Das Reich" Panzer September 17 - Battle of Darien, on the Savannah road, motif used on postcards. Army: Breitenfeld. goes through. Baillie is working no promotion possible. Gustavus II Adolphus King of at maximum capacity to make Equates with refusal of Sweden victorious his dream come true. John commission in 1863 during the returns from sea to pay a visit to ACW. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page325

"their" investment. Order Swedish SAAB car in He enjoys keeping busy by September planting crops and flowers.

1632 Enter Nuremburg with Blood 1860 November Lincoln elected - 1986 January go to Sweden collect red skull and bones flag. Sallie now 16 comes of age. SAAB car. Easter visit Denmark. November 16 - Battle of Baillie gives Sallie his heart and Whitsun visit Harlingen in Lützen -Gustavus II Adolphus dedicates all his efforts at Holland. killed Rushlands to her. Army: Colonel Douglas Baillie returns to Holland via Withers promoted to Brig. the Rhein. Meanwhile near Atlanta, GA. - General. Exact same pattern Home in time for Christmas. repeated as in 1864 during the Baillie is laden with the spoils of Mary Sullivan, Baillie's future ACW! war and purchases a new home fiancée is recorded as the eldest Return from Spain via the in the doelen district of daughter aged 7 of Patrick and Rhine. Amsterdam - to be near his Mary Sullivan - living at Griffin, Christmas buy house at shooting club GA. in the 1860 US Census Eythorne near Dover - name it Cwichelm. Notice it is very near to my shooting club range

1633 (2)William Baillie second son 1861 American Civil War starts 1987 Leave Army service - return to born April 9: join the Militia - 3rd Lt UK via Vlissingen. Baillie returns to the St Joris in McIntosh Light Dragoons. Equates with end of ACW - Doelen - his shooting club. yet synchronous with the start! Pauline's father buys "Hey Tor" the exact matrix equivalent of New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page326

"Laurel Grove" Darien!

1634 (3)Marion Baillie born. 1862 Photograph of Baillie is taken 1988 Harriet Baillie born August 21 Synchronous with Harriet and given to Sallie as a Synchronous with the same year Baillie birth in 1988. keepsake present on her 18th Sallie left! birthday. Also equates with 1866 the War: Baillie transfers to Captain year Sallie married, the Brailsford's command at emotional rift is therefore Sutherland Bluff in May - to be healed!!!:) near Sallie. Start ACW wargaming with old 5th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry Airfix figures at school. formed in December. Photograph of Alexander Sallie leaves for Milledgeville and Baillie Kell published in Civil effectively leaves Baillie's life. War Times Illustrated with article by Dr Norman C Delaney. First firework display with Major General Tony Jones

1635 1863 War: September promotion 1989 Start making lead soldiers - i/c denied - destroys plans to win fireworks at school. Sallie and effectively ruins rest of Start large scale 54mm American Baillie's life. Civil War wargaming with Equates with 1985 in Germany Britain's figures at school

1636 Siege of Schenkenschans 1864 War: Colonel Anderson 1990 First trip to Florida - "feeling of promoted to Brig. General. relief!" at standing on US soil. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page327

Sir James Lumsden returns to Battle of Kennesaw Mountain & Synchronous emotionally with Amsterdam CSS Alabama sunk by USS the main Baillie Kell war year! Kersage off of Cherbourg, Hall of Presidents in Magic France. Kingdom very emotional as are Captain Brailsford captured - the 4-4-0 steam locomotives and Alexander Campbell Wylly Main street. becomes i/c H Co. Old Town Kissimmee favourite place

1637 William Baillie member of the 1865 War: last Battles, 1991 Visit Battlefields from St Joris Doelen in Amsterdam SURRENDER April 26 at Gettysburg to the (St George's Shooting club) - Hillsboro, NC. SURRENDER at portrait painted by van der Helst. Baillie 37 years and 8 weeks old. Appomattox,VA. Costs half a years salary! Return to the Grove - Yanks on I am 37 years and 7 weeks old!!!!! the ridge - starts ploughing to Picture taken in Ironside armour get crops in as still a chance to costs nothing! win Sallie

1638 William and Anneke + family 1866 Absolute disaster -Sallie 1992 Move house to "The Vikings", move house and return to married!!!!!!!! **** Hythe - Florida trip day after! Scotland Baillie totally distraught! :( :( :(

1639 Bishop's War with Charles I - 1867 Sallie loses McKinley's baby 1993 Florida trip - cut up plastic Politics - Leven, Leslie, Baillie November 18. English Civil War soldiers to and Lumsden in charge of Army make moulds. Strong ECW feel! New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page328

1640 Scottish army musters and drills. 1868 Baillie accepts that there is no 1994 Buy boat in summer compulsion hope and moves to be with to get to end of the pier! Get to Blanche and his brother at Sallie. Make English Civil War Rocky Knoll, Griffin,GA. New figures masters - Pike&Musket hope on the death of aged Redcoat regiment - plus Hendley Varner Blanche's Bluecoat Regiment. Uncle. Baillie manages the estate Take family on trip to see for childless old Auntie. Stonehenge, Silbury Hill and Avebury. See first crop circle on West Kennet Long barrow - Scorpion design.

1641 Anti catholic press has field day 1869 Baillie meets with Mary Sullivan 1995 Florida trip - then Iceland trip - on Irish atrocities - Mary Stuart who is working as a "help" to relive Viking memories - marries Willem II. Blanche's Auntie, Baillie helps to Westbrook House School Scottish Army put on alert. run the estate formed Major Roger Lewis retd. Headmaster

1642 English Civil war begins - 1870 Margery Spalding Kell dies. 1996 Book with Baillie Kell photo Officially appointed Major Baillie falls in love with and gets published. Five Nations: Scottish General. engaged to Mary Sullivan on her rugby team singing of Flower of Lease Airth Castle at Letham near 18th birthday. Scotland brings tremendous Stirling from the Clan Bruce. He works hard to try to make a patriotic emotional outburst Cardinal Richelieu dies success of things. much drawing and writing Then disaster Auntie changes follow. her Will at last moment and Embark on Castle building project leaves all to Blanche. (March) that ends in a massive New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page329

Baillie is again without hope. subconscious model of Stirling Strain begins to tell on Castle two years later!!! relationship with Mary Synchronous with lease of Airth All is recorded in the 1870 US Castle! Census

1643 Scottish army in Newcastle - 1871 January 24, CMS letter about 1997 Merge with Catholic Convent - Scots ready to march into rest of Baillie's engagement. November Meet Rose Mary Lagrue, née England to support English 25, Baillie getting the harvest in, O'Sullivan!!! Florida trip. Parliament. Cold winter no coal the Varner house breaks up. Promoted to Head of Science as in London due to Scots cutting Leads directly to break up at schools merge - reorganize supplies Griffin train station!!! Last ever laboratories and departments - meeting with Mary Sullivan. New school opens in September As she leaves in one life so she appears miraculously in another as if there is no time at all...

1644 July 2, Battle of Marston Moor - 1872 Lost - Finds outlet in helping 1998 September interest in fireworks Siege of Newcastle. Finest hour - John's children - can't get over suddenly rekindled - dissect Baillie Maj General of Foote Mary and Sallie - two chances same and buy books on the with Sir James Lumsden 2i/c - lost. No idea of direction - subject!!!!!!!!! Wargaming hold the line - meet Cromwell desolation and dejection. continues on bigger scale in Buy Torwood Castle as a All time low! Chemistry laboratory. permanent home for family. New management take over. All time high!

1645 Appointed Lt General in 1873 Margery Baillie Kell 1867 - 1999 Discover photo in book March New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page330

February- campaigns against 1873) dies aged 6, Baillie's niece 25. Visit Laurel Grove, GA. in Montrose - loses Battle of and only ray of sunshine - July. "General" references at Alford, July 2, and Battle of devastating blow causes Baillie school - new management Kilsyth, August 15 - repeated yet more depression and to disaster!!! - Oct 6, Received attempts to resign due to think on Religion - absolute all Doctorate - initiate first management interference! time low fireworks course. Cross swords politically with Cross swords politically with Archibald "the Red Fox" Headmistress nicknamed "the Campbell the Marquis of Red Fox" Argyll

1646 King surrenders to Scots. 1874 Lost with no direction ponders 2000 Mission 2000 completed! Resign Baillie survives Scottish on death and why such young due to management Parliamentary enquiry children die? interference!!!!! reputation intact! Examines religion for an Answer found...must write answer about it. Start book project

1647 Engager's support King - 1875 Lost - lack of direction alters as 2001 Meet Dr Norman C Delaney - William Baillie appointed Major inspired by the steam trains that Rebel Spirit completed!!! General of Scottish Infantry come past Rocky Knoll. Distinguished Service Award after New Modelling. Major General George E from the Robert H Anderson Pickett CSA dies, leaving Sallie camp, SCV. "La Salle" Pickett a widow for Rebel Spirit published 56 years. November.

1648 General Baillie leads Scottish 1876 Some resurgence of energy - able 2002 Find new job! Norman visits Infantry - August 17 -19, Battle to cope again - some self belief with son Steve - first stop Leeds New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page331

of Preston - deserted by cavalry returns plus a constructive castle - picture of Black Tom Baillie surrenders to Cromwell, direction. Tries various Fairfax on wall - Baillie labels then changes sides & joins agricultural enterprises such as everywhere! Norman sends Ironsides! growing strawberries. Cross of Honour -working at Still consumed with loss of Sallie Ashford school - Baillie has Baillie renews friendship with and still wishing to visit Darien. changed sides and joined the Cromwell, whom he greatly Family getting fed up with opposition. – pupils’ wearing admires. Baillie's attitude, brother offers Red uniforms instead of Blue! to pay for him to go and stay Peace of Münster signed end with Evie Kell Spalding his Jeff Keene/ General Gordon, of Eighty Years War and Thirty sister. CSA’s book published. Years War. He still can't focus on earning a living. George Armstrong Custer dies at the "Battle of Little Big horn"

1649 January 30, King beheaded. 1877 Finds work on the railroad. 2003 Visit Austria skiing with Harriet Cromwell in Ireland. There are opportunities due to - feel like I've gone up a gear - William Baillie returns from the expansion of transport in confidence returns. Inspection at Ireland with Cromwell and is Georgia and America in general. Ashford School January / quartered in London. Progress is slow only 20 miles of February - very favourable Assigned to Capt. Owen track laid in 2 years! Needless to comments - offered job Cambridge's troop, Sir Philip say business is not looking good (commission) with effect from Twisleton's Regiment of Horse. and eventually the inevitable September 1. Visit Amsterdam December; James Baillie happens... in summer see portrait of marries Joanna Forrester and is William Baillie in New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page332

destined to be the second Lord Rijksmuseum. Join the New Forrester of Corstophine. Model! December, Robert Younger son William marries Habbick at an all time low point Lilas her younger sister. - tell Robert of Sir James connection in the portrait - Two little Boys song! Wear kilt visit Robert's favourite horse - Robert remembers and healing begins

1650 Baillie in London with 1878 January 1, 1878 2004 Forbidden Science second book Cromwell, visits Parliament. published February - April 2. "Baillie has just returned from Visit House of Lords and Baillie a trooper in Twisleton's Rushlands where he had gone to Parliament wear kilt as a Horse - Captain Owen collect rent from his tenants, but conscious act of remembrance. Cambridge's Troop - motto "Pro got little." Healing with Robert continues. pace et veritate!" Similar to my Visit Amsterdam October half motto "Ad lumen et veritatem" Rome & Carrolton RR goes term find print book with bust! Voetboog and Handboog Third Civil War - Battle of Doelen in. Dunbar - Baillie notably absent Then taken over, but new Universal fireworks provides from Command of the Scots opportunities arise. fractal re-enactment of Dunbar Infantry - Sir James Lumsden i/c synchronously. "Battle" on old loses to Cromwell and the New R & CRR taken over by the school field first return for 4 years. Model Army. Central of Georgia Railroad. Robert remembers the battle just E Porter Alexander President. before the Toy fair in London. Saves Sir James Lumsden in the Porter was in charge of General Lucid dream. I buy Osprey book New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page333

battle who is gravely wounded. Lee's artillery at Gettysburg! next day and details are Baillie loves cannon so meets correct!!!! Robert is 3 weeks out Cromwell enters Edinburgh. with his approval - no problem!!! of synch with me. Robert has hernia operation Home for Christmas - William synchronous with wounding. Baillie reunited with his wife News that school is to merge and family at Torwood Castle, with Friars revealed December 6! Letham. Headmistress suddenly leaves. I make Robert a beret for The war has come to Baillie's Christmas to put his sword backyard same as in 1864, badge on. Tor wood castle is between the Christmas Day José contacted lines, but on the wrong side! first time in 23 years! Dick Maggie and Bonnie have Scottish names and she only became pregnant after visiting Scotland!

1651 Airth Castle centre of the battle 1879 2005 February return to Scotland & lines between the English and Letham identify Airth castle as Scottish armies home! Ski in Aviemore and drive around Loch Ness with Cromwell ill for six months prior Harriet. Visit Castle Cary and to the lead up to the Battle and Andrew Johnson. March distinct Campaign! feeling of not wanting to horse ride anymore. End of Ashford Charles II escapes after battle of School as to merge with Friars - New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page334

Worcester - end of Third Civil all change. Robert's 50th War birthday - take pictures for the book. June: Paul Karabin/ General George E Pickett CSA from Amsterdam, NY contacts me and we begin our friendship. Covenant General written in summer holidays. David Baxter "a Scot" from Dunbar accompanies me crop circling. I find my Generals helmet at Detling Military Odyssey 2005 - gift from the universe on completion of book! Visit Amsterdam October half term identify Handboog Doelen with garden gate still there 400 years on! Universal fireworks season allows a fractal re-enactment of Worcester to happen. Coincidentally Nic is ill with brain tumour six months prior to the campaign season! Identify Nic, Kev and Shane on old Civil War photo. Distinct feel of need to move on leads to being appointed Head New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page335

of Science at Wellesley House. Head's name Richard R Steel (R R Steel = Rail Road Steel!)

1652 August: William Baillie goes to 1880 Working on the railroad, takes 2006 Finish up with the New Model Calais France to join his up new position as a civil Army aka Ashford Friars Prep brother-in-law Admiraal Michiel engineer with the Central of School. Adriaanzoon de Ruyter who is Georgia Railroad at Americus, May: positively identify William busy organising his fleet to Georgia. Baillie's wife as Anneke defend Dutch merchant ships. Adriaansdater (predicted from The famous war locomotive memory August 2005!) Battles: Dover, May 29 (Tromp) "General" is used as a track Crop circling - make T shirt - The North Sea, July (Tromp) - laying engine in Georgia at this with the words Kid Curry for Plymouth August 26 (de Ruyter) time! David then positively identify - Monte Christo, September 6 David Baxter as Billy the Kid (van Galen) - Kentish Knock, It is entirely possible that Baillie from old photographs! October 8 (de With/de Ruyter) - came into daily contact with this This fit exactly what David told Dungeness, December 10 engine at this time - thus giving me of his cowboy memory in (Tromp) rise to my obsession with it. 2005. No coincidence as it is It had the name General too, 1880 in Baillie Kell's life!!! :) which would have resonated September start new job as Head with Baillie Kell as he subcon- of Science at Wellesley House, sciously remembered his own ship's cannon in centre of past, just as it does with me. school! Synchronous with William Baillie joining the Dutch Confederate Navy. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page336

1653 Battles: Portland/3 days, 1881 Henry McCarty alias Billy the 2007 to be continued... February 28-30 (Tromp) - Kid is shot dead by Pat Garret Leghorn, March 14 (van Galen) - North Foreland/Gabbard Shoal aka Slag bij Nieuwpoort, June 12 - 13 (Tromp, de With, de Ruyter) - Scheveningen/The Texel, August 9 (Tromp, de With, de Ruyter, Evertson). Admiraal Tromp killed in action.

1654 James Baillie fined £2500 for 1882 2008 trying to raise a Regiment of Royalist Cavalry & Anti Cromwell/English behaviour. Tor wood Castle burnt. Treaty of Westminster ends First Anglo-Dutch War in April.

1655 1883 2009 1656 1884 2010 1657 1885 2011

1658 Battle of the Dunes 1886 Working on Central of Georgia 2012 Ancient Mayan predicted end Cromwell dies Railroad date of present cycle of time. Mortgage finishes!!!:) Nice touch :):):) New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page337

1659 1887 Still living at Americus, GA. 2013

1660 Restoration of the Monarchy 1888 Big bust up with John! Due to 2014 wishing to come back to Rocky Knoll. End of railroad career at 60

1661 1889 1662 1890 1663 1891 1664 1892 1665 1893

1666 Great Fire of London 1894

1667 1895 Struggle to survive! "Living on hand outs from friends"

1668 1896 1669 1897 1670 1898

1671 1899 Pension application, "paralyzed feet" Alexander Wylly counter signs document.

1672 1900 John dies, Oct 5. Buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Griffin, GA. New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page338

1673 1901 Veterans photo at Sutherland Bluff, GA. Applies for Confederate Cross of Honour, March 23.

1674 1902 Living at Rocky Knoll.

1675 1903 Wright brothers make first successful controlled & powered flight at Kitty hawk, NC.

1676 1904 1677 1905 1678 1906

1679 James Baillie murdered 1907 August 26

1680 1908 Meets Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell with other veterans at her relations' home in Jonesboro, near Atlanta. She goes onto write "Gone with the Wind" the definitive novel about the Southern experience and only out sold by the Bible! New CovenantGeneralv36/2/077:59Page339

1681 William dies May - in his 49th 1909 year

1682 1910 1683 1911

1684 1912 Passes away at 1:00pm Sept 30. Service held at St George's Episcopal Church, Griffin, GA. October 1st. Buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Griffin alongside sisters' Mary and Hettie in plot adjacent to Brother John and family. New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:59 Page 340 New Covenant General v3 6/2/07 7:59 Page 341

Appendix Eight

Sir James Lumsden’s comments on Marston Moor 1644

Extracts from “Marston Moor 1644”, by Brig. General Peter Young

In the front line, right to left, were two Scots brigades under Lt. General Baillie, a brigade of Fairfax’ Army and two brigades of Manchester’s Army, doubtless under Crawford.

The regiments of the two Scots brigades were those of:

1 Earl of Crawford-Lindsay 2Viscount Maitland 3General Sir Alexander Hamilton 4James Rae

The second line was entirely composed of Scots under Major-General Sir James Lumsden and consisted of these regiments:

1 Lord Chancellor (Earl of Loudoun) 2 Earl of Buccleuch 3 Earl of Cassillis 4William Douglas of Kilhead 5 Earl of Dunfermline 6 Lord Coupar (Cowper) 7 Lord Livingstone 8Master of Yester

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The third line consisted of a brigade of Lord Manchester’s Army....., one of Scots,...

“...... Lt. Colonel Simon Needham, who commanded Sir William Constable’s Regiment, tried manfully to rally his men, but in vain. Blakiston’s charge had a very remarkable effect, reaping a swathe through the Allied centre and reaching the summit of the ridge. It seems that not only Fairfax’ men, but most of the Scots Brigade on their right (General Hamilton’s and James Rae’s) gave way. Worse still, the right hand brigade of the second line was assailed by part of Lucas’ cavalry. Lumsden gives a cryptic version of what happened: ‘These that ran away shew themselves most baselie. I comanding the battel was on the head of your Lordships [Loudoun’s] Regiment, and Buccleuches; but they carried themselves not so as I could have wished, neither could I prevaile them: For these that fled, never came to charge with the enemie, but were so possest with ane pannick fear, that they ran for an example to others, and no enemie following them, which gave the enemie [the opportunity?] to charge them, they intended not, & they had only the losse.’ Lumsden tried hard to patch up the front line where Lord Lindsay’s Brigade-the extreme right-though charged by Lucas and with both flanks in the air, was standing like a rock.”

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Bibliography

Alpers, Svetlana: The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century; Publisher: University Of Chicago Press; Reprint edition (April 15, 1984) ISBN: 0226015130 Baillie, Robert: The letters and journals of Robert Baillie, 1637-1662 (Bannatyne Club) Publisher: [Bannatyne Club] (January 1, 1841) ASIN: B00086PL1E Letters and Journals (3 Vol. Set) Publisher: Ams Pr Inc (March 2005) ISBN: 0404528007 Barratt, John: The Battle of Marston Moor [ILLUSTRATED] (Paperback) Publisher: Tempus Publishing, Limited; New Ed edition (December 1, 2006) ISBN: 075242694X The Battle for York: Marston Moor, 1644 (Hardcover): Publisher: Trafalgar Square (October 1, 2002) ISBN: 0752423355 Bennett, Martyn: Traveller’s Guide to the Battlefields of the English Civil War; Publisher: Webb & Bower (1990) ISBN: 0 86350 331 4 Blok, Petrus Johannes: The life of Admiral de Ruyter; Publisher: Ernest Benn (1933) ASIN: B000883SDA Bonney, Richard: The Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (August 19, 2002) ISBN: 1841763780 Brzezinski, Richard: Lützen 1632 (Campaign #68) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (February 25, 2001) ISBN: 1855325527 The Army of Gustavus Adolphus (1): Infantry (Men-at-Arms) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (July 25, 1991) ISBN: 0850459974 The Army of Gustavus Adolphus (2): Cavalry (Men-at-Arms) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (July 29, 1993) ISBN: 1855323508 Buchan, John: The Marquis of Montrose (Prion Lost Treasures)

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(Paperback) Publisher: Prion; New Ed edition (April 1997) ISBN: 185375224X Clark, David: MARSTON MOOR: English Civil War - July 1644 (Battleground Britain 1642 - 1651) (Paperback) Publisher: Pen and Sword (October 2003) ISBN: 0850529859 Elias, drs. B.G.J: de Tachtigjarige Oorlog; Publisher: Fibula-van Dishoeck Haarlem, Unieboek, Bussum (1977) ISBN: 90 228 3998 2 Evans, David: The Battle of Marston Moor 1644 (English Civil War Battles Series) (Paperback) Publisher: Stuart Press (June 1994) ISBN: 1858040469 Fraser, Antonia: Cromwell (Paperback) Publisher: Grove Press; 1st Grove Press ed edition (March 30, 2001) ISBN: 0802137660 Cromwell, Our Chief of Men (Paperback) Publisher: Phoenix Press; New Ed edition (December 5, 2002) ISBN: 0753813319 Gaunt, Peter: Essential Histories 58: The English Civil Wars 1642- 1651 (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (August 20, 2003) ISBN: 1841764175 Van Gelderen, Martin: The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555-1590 (Ideas in Context) (Paperback) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; New Ed edition (October 3, 2002) ISBN: 0521891639 Geyl, Pieter: Orange Stuart 1641 – 1672; Publisher: Phoenix Press (2001) ISBN: 1 84212 226 6 Gush, George: Renaissance Armies 1480 – 1650; Publisher: Patrick Stephens Ltd. (1975) ISBN: 0 85059 330 1 The English Civil War (Airfix magazine guide; 28) Publisher: Stephens [for] Airfix Products Ltd (1978) ISBN: 0 85059 259 3 Haythornthwaite, Philip: The English Civil War 1642 – 1651; An Illustrated Military History; Publisher; Blandford Press, Dorset ISBN 0 7137 1263 5 Van der Heijden, Peter-Jan: Dagboek 1629; Ooggetuigen van het beleg van ‘s-Hertogenbosch (2004) ; ISBN 90 70706 96 2 Israel, Jonathan: The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806 (Oxford History of Early Modern Europe) Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; Reprint edition (September3, 1998) ISBN: 0198207344 Larsen, Erik: Calvinistic Economy and 17th Century Dutch Art;

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Publisher: University Press of America (November 3, 1999) ISBN: 0761815171 Limm, Peter: Dutch Revolt 1559-1648 (Textbook Binding) Publisher: Longman Group United Kingdom; 1 edition (August 23, 1999) ISBN: 058235594X Van der Moer, A: De luitenant-admirael-generael: Een beknopte lev- ensbeschrijving van Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter; Publisher: Van Wijnen (2000) ISBN: 905194201X Murdoch, Steve: Scotland and the Thirty Years’ War: 1618-1648 (History of Warfare, 6) Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers (June 6, 2001) ISBN: 9004120866 Newman, P.R., Roberts, P.R.: Marston Moor 1644 (Hardcover) Publisher: Blackthorn Press ISBN: 0954053524 Noordbrabants Museum: Het Beleg van ‘s-Hertogenbosch in 1629; 3 juni – 19 augustus 1979 Noordbrabants Museum; Publisher Noordbrabants Museum (1979) ISBN: 90 70024 179 Norel, K: Bestevaer: Het leven van Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruyter; Publisher: La Rivière & Voorhoeve ISBN: 9060843878 Parker, Geoffrey: The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567- 1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History) (Paperback) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (November 15, 2004) ISBN: 0521543924 The Dutch Revolt: Revised Edition (Peregrines) (Paperback) Publisher: Puffin (October 3, 1989) ISBN: 0140552332 The Thirty Years’ War (Hardcover) Publisher: Dorset Press; Reprint edition (June 1989) ISBN: 0880292962 Parker, Geoffrey, Parker, Angela: European Soldiers, 1550-1650 (Cambridge Introduction to World History) (Paperback) Publisher: Cambridge University Press (May 27, 1977) Language: English ISBN: 0521210208 Rang, William R: Salt in His Blood: The Life of Michael De Ruyter (Paperback) Publisher: Inheritance Pubn (June 1996) ISBN: 0921100590 Reid, Stuart: All the King’s Armies; A Military History of the English Civil War 1642 – 1651; Publisher: Spellmount Ltd (1998) ISBN: 1 86227 028 7 Auldearn 1645: The Marquis of Montrose’s Scottish campaign

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(Campaign) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (May 20, 2003) ISBN: 1841766798 Dunbar 1650: Cromwell’s most famous victory (Campaign) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (June 24, 2004) ISBN: 1841767743 Scots Armies of the English Civil Wars (Men at Arms Series, 331) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (September 1, 1999) Language: English ISBN: 1855328364 The Campaigns of Montrose; A Military History of the Civil War in Scotland 1639 – 1646; Publisher: The Mercat Press, Edinburgh (1990) ISBN: 0 90 182492 5 Rijksmuseum: The Glory of the Golden Age: Dutch Art of the 17th Century; Publisher: Rijksmuseum (2000) ISBN: 9040094373 Rijksmuseum Dossiers; Schwartz, Gary: The Night Watch; Publisher: Waanders (2002) ISBN: 90 400 9555 8 Rijksmuseum; Judikie, Runia, Epco, Kiers: The Glory of the Golden Age: Dutch Art of the 17th Century, Drawings and Prints; Publisher: Waanders (2000) ISBN: 9040094411

Roberts, Keith: CROMWELL’S WAR MACHINE: The New Model Army 1645 - 1660 (Hardcover) Publisher: Pen and Sword (October 2005) Language: English ISBN: 1844150941 Soldiers of the English Civil War (1): Infantry (Elite) (Paperback) Paperback: 64 pages Publisher: Osprey Publishing (September 28, 1989) ISBN: 0850459036 Rowen, Herbert H : The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History) (Paperback) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition (September 28, 1990) ISBN: 0521396530 Schama, Simon: The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age; Publisher: Vintage (December 8, 1997) ISBN: 0679781242 Schenk, Petrus (1661 – 1715): 100 Afbeeldinge der voornaamste Gebouwen van Amsterdam; Publisher Unknown - Reproduction of original work Von Schiller, Friedrich: History of the Thirty Years’ War In Germany (Paperback) Publisher: Kessinger Publishing (June 30, 2004) ISBN: 1419124293 Tincey, John: Ironsides: English Cavalry 1588-1688 (Warrior)

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(Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (March 25, 2002) ISBN: 184176213X Marston Moor 1644: The Beginning of The End (Campaign) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (March 11, 2003) ISBN: 1841763349 Soldiers of the English Civil War (2): Cavalry (Elite) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (January 25, 1990) ISBN: 0850459400 Wagner, Eduard: European Weapons and Warfare 1618 – 1648; Publisher: Octopus (1979) ISBN: 0 7064 1072 6 Wedgwood, C.V.: The Thirty Years War (New York Review Books Classics) (Paperback) Publisher: New York Review Books Classics (June 30, 2005) ISBN: 1590171462 Westermann, Mariet: A Worldly Art: The Dutch Republic, 1585-1718; Publisher: Yale University Press (March 8, 2005) ISBN: 0300107234 Wilson, Douglas, Wilson, Dougles: For Kirk and Covenant: The Stalwart Courage of John Knox (Leaders in Action Series) (Hardcover) Publisher: Cumberland House Publishing (April 1, 2000) ISBN: 1581820585 Woolrych, Austin: Battles Of The English Civil War (Hardcover) Publisher: The Macmillian Co. (1961) ASIN: B0006AXI3K Phoenix: Battles of the English Civil War: Marston Moor, Naseby, Preston (Paperback) Publisher: Phoenix Press; New Ed edition (June 30, 2001) ISBN: 1842121758 Young, Peter: Marston Moor 1644: The Campaign and the Battle (Great Battles) (Paperback) Publisher: Windrush Press, Ltd.; 2Rev Ed edition (January 1998) ISBN: 1900624095 The English Civil War Armies (Men at Arms Series, 14) (Paperback) Publisher: Osprey Publishing (September 30, 1994) ISBN: 0850451191

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Notes & References

Publications by the Author

FORBIDDEN SCIENCE ISBN 1-84375-087-2 Published by UPSO 2004, 226 pages 20 illustra- tions.

REBEL SPIRIT; Evidence for the continuity of consciousness ISBN 1-84375-000-7 Published by UPSO 2001, 348 pages 60 illustra- tions.

Electrogravitic Propulsion Systems, July 1999. Crop circles and Consciousness, May 1999. Geometric metaphors for the New Millennium, April 1999. Icons of a Higher Reality, December 1998. Energy, Tesla and Tetrahedral Magic, September 1998. Alternative Space Craft technology demystified, June 1997. Holographic, Hyperdimensional Universe, March 1997. Overview of Reality, December 1996. Quantum Evolution in Scientific Reality, September 1996. Baillie’s Bit, Regular monthly column, EKUFORU Journal 1994 to present. The Siege of s’Hertogenbosch 1629, Het Huukske Publications 1980

Conference Presentations by the Author

Forbidden Science, Bognor Regis, June 2005 Forbidden Science, Worthing, May 2005

Forbidden Science, Glastonbury Symposium, July 2004.

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Forbidden Science, Sussex, May 2004

Rebel Spirit; Evidence for the continuity of consciousness, Glastonbury Symposium, July 2001.

Quantum Consciousness for the New Millennium, Norwich, August 2000. Quantum Consciousness for the New Millennium, London, August 2000. Intelligent Universe Workshop, Medway, April 2000. Intelligent Universe, London, February 2000. Intelligent Universe, Medway, April 2000. Sacred Geometry and the Cosmic Riddle, London, May 1999. Icons of a Higher Consciousness, Sussex, April 1999. Intelligent Universe and the Survival of Consciousness, Norwich, March 1999. Of Doughnuts, Dimensions and the Multi-dimensional Universe, Medway, February 1999. Squaring the Circle - The hidden geometry in this year’s crop circles, Margate, October 1998. Doughnuts, Dimensions and Sacred Geometry, Waltham Abbey Town Hall, May 1998. The Physics of Immortality, Margate, October 1997. The Fractal Formations of ‘96, Margate, April 1997.

Regular presentations for the East Kent UFO Research group, Astrasearch and others 1994 to 2000.

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About the Author: Dr Ian Charles Baillie

Ian was born or rather entered the physical atomic matrix in Folkestone, Kent, a small ferry and fishing port on the south east coast of England at 12:09 p.m. June 4, 1954. He was extremely lucky to have an independent thinker for a father and an energetic, exuberant mother. Although not wealthy in the monetary sense, they allowed him freedom to experiment and be himself. This included putting up with Ian’s obsession for the American Civil War, which he avidly pursued from the age of ten. They did not actively encourage nor discourage this hobby, but wisely accommodated the strange phenomenon in their midst. Many parents would simply not have tolerated the making of various, muskets, firearms and uniforms etc. Not forgetting of course, a full size cannon that sat proudly on the back lawn. This would burst forth inter- mittently in pyrotechnic splendour as and when several like-minded friends came to call!

The hobby evolved into a profound interest in Rocketry, Chemistry and Art. Ian succeeded in winning a place at the local Grammar school in Ramsgate and transferred in 1971 to study for his University entrance examinations. Due to a love of History and an inherent skill for memorizing detailed names and places, Ian moved into studying Biology alongside his Physics and Chemistry. This led in1974 to him gaining and unconditional place at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne to study Agricultural Zoology. During the next three years several visits and one work placement were taken up in the Netherlands and Ian became a fluent Dutch speaker. Unable to gain a full time science post in the Netherlands immediately after University, Ian studied for a Post- Graduate Certificate in Education at Christ Church College, Canterbury. He then began his successful twenty-three year teaching career in various state, armed forces and private schools, both at home and in Germany.

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In parallel with this public career came a dual life as an active researcher and scientist. The powerful impetus for this being a near death brush with cancer in 1979 to 80, which stimulated Ian to pursue the true meaning of life, death, the universe and everything - he became in his own words a born again physicist. All avenues of knowledge were hungrily consumed especially those corridors of black science and technology, the X-Files of ancient, scientific and mathematical knowledge. In 1994 Ian began giving public lectures, which continue to this present day and was rewarded by having his Intelligent Universe thesis recognized in October 1999. The discovery of Baillie earlier that year confirmed and sealed his theories with the all-important experimental proof needed to complete the work. Encouraged by his students and colleagues, Ian took up full time writing and lecturing in January 2001 in order to produce his book Rebel Spirit. The book was successfully published in November of that year and has now sold many copies in both hard and soft back.

In December 2001 after following a lead on the Internet and puzzling over an anomalous glitch in the Baillie/Baillie Kell timeline synchronic- ity table, Ian discovered, upon re-evaluating his archive data, a second portrait identical to himself in a Dutch history book - same face, same name, same memories - once again! The portrait proved to be of his genetic ancestor, William Baillie, a Scottish soldier in the service of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, who rose to be Lt. General of Foote for the Scottish Covenant Forces in the British/English Civil Wars 1639 - 1660. This exciting find will be the subject of a third book, pro- visionally entitled; Covenant General.

In the summer of 2002, Ian set about completing his Intelligent Universe thesis in book form, by transcribing his original work. By January 2003 the manuscript was typed up and produced by Ian’s good friend Linda Forster; Forbidden Science was born. The book was formally launched at the Glastonbury Symposium 2004 and was an immediate success with the audience, many of whom normally daunted by scientific books enthusiastically commented on its readability, clear explanation of new physics concepts and exciting content. Returning to teaching science and computer studies on a part-time basis then allowed Ian to continue to work on his research and publishing.

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As the William Baillie timeline continued to unfold fractal re- enactments of past events occurred whilst working with Universal Fireworks of Hythe in Kent during the seasons of 2004 and 2005, Ian then returned to full time science teaching as a Head of Department in the Autumn of 2006. The finished manuscript for Covenant General; Evidence for the synchronicity of time was completed that summer and published in the autumn.

Further exciting discoveries have been made and are on going momentarily, they include becoming good friends with Paul Karabin who has the same face and memory as Major General George E Pickett CSA of Gettysburg fame and his good wife Diane who has the same face and memory of Mrs Sallie “La Salle” Pickett, wife of General Pickett. Their amazing story will be featured in the next book provisionally entitled Conversations with a Confederate Hero. Also the discovery of the first American Civil War photograph with 3 Confederate soldiers from the 1st Tennessee Light Artillery on, who are currently together again, alive and well and still blowing things up with large amounts of black powder! Same faces, same memories and same old behaviour patterns. Finally the discovery of David Baxter another new old friend with the same face and memory as Henry McCarty (1860 - 1881), née William Bonney, alias none other than the famous outlaw from the Wild West known as Billy the Kid. A new and most exciting case that deserves its own book!

Ian is always available, both in the UK, Europe and the US for lecture tours and after dinner speaking, with relation to all aspects of his research and discoveries.

Contact +44(0)1303 261423 or +44(0)07719602932 for details or e- mail [email protected]

Publisher’s details: www.upso.co.uk www.upso.co.uk/ianbaillie - to read extracts of Rebel Spirit, Forbidden Science or Covenant General [email protected] - to talk to the author or above. www.docbaillie.demon.co.uk - personal global presence [email protected] - to talk to the author

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Coming soon:

“Conversations with a Confederate Hero; The Past Life Memory case of General George E Pickett, CSA.”

This will be Number One in the Doc Baillie case book series. The amazing true life and factual story of Paul and Diane Karabin from Amsterdam, in upstate New York. Sensationally Paul whilst on a family vacation to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in 2003, had an instant vivid flashback memory experience that led him to realise through a series of coincidental events, that he had the exact same face and memory as that of General George Edward Pickett, CSA of “Pickett’s charge” fame.

For Paul life could never be the same again! To compound this quantum adventure mystery, his loving wife Diane discovered that she had the exact same face and memory as that of Mrs Sallie “La Salle” Corbell Pickett wife of the famous General. When General Pickett died tragically in 1875 his lonely widow was left to mourn for 56 years. Now they are reunited again in the physical atomic matrix of our reality, never more to be parted. A truly remarkable love story of interdimensional proportions.....

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