Introduction to China Unit 4 Table of Contents – Medieval China 1

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Introduction to China Unit 4 Table of Contents – Medieval China 1. On INB 58 – create a NEW table of Contents titled “Unit 4 – Medieval China” and number that page 58-65 2. Number your next INB pages through 65 – make sure even numbered pages are on the left and odd numbered pages are on the right…. 3. Start looking through Chapter 8 to find images you might want to use on your cover page… Medieval China: 400 – 1500 A.D.

• 7.19 Create a visual or multimedia display to identify the physical location and major geographical features of China including the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the Himalayas, the Plateau of Tibet and the Gobi Desert. • 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. • 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy. • 7.22 Summarize the significance of the rapid agricultural, commercial and technological development during the Song Dynasties. • 7.23 Trace the spread of Chinese technology to other parts of Asia, the Islamic world and Europe including papermaking, wood-block printing, the compass and gunpowder. • 7.24 Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. • 7.25 Engage effectively in a collaborative discussion describing the development of the imperial state and the scholar-official class (Neo-Confucianism). • 7.26 Draw evidence from informational texts to analyze the contributions made during the Ming Dynasty such as building projects, including the Forbidden City, the reconstruction of the Great Wall, the policy of isolationism and the sea voyages of Zheng He.

World History Bellwork – INB 60

• Write down the proverb you see below and then write a sentence or two that explains what you think it means… • Be not afraid of growing slowly, be afraid only of standing still. Mastery Objective: I can LOCATE and IDENTIFY the major geographic features of China on a map.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.19 Create a visual or multimedia display to identify the physical location and major geographical features of China.

Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: • Bellwork: Chinese Proverb By the end of today’s class • Reading/Note-taking you should have a completed Strategy –Map Activity & map and timeline of Chinese Timeline history… Map Activity – Geography of China INB 61

Directions: 1. Use textbook pages 176 & 177 to locate and label the following –  Yangtze River (Chang Jiang)  Yellow River (Huang He)  Himalaya Mountains  Plateau of Tibet  Gobi Desert

2. Shade the Mongol Empire or outline in a different color

3. Trace & Label the Silk Road and the Travels of Marco Polo different colors

4. Answer the questions at the bottom of the page in complete sentences Independent Work -Timeline Of Imperial China INB 60 create a timeline like the one you see below and then use textbook pages 176 & 177 to match the events to the correct dates

Grand Canal links north & south

A.D. 590 A.D. 690 A.D. 898 A.D. 1150 A.D. 1211 A.D. 1260 A.D. 1421 A.D. 1644

Extra Credit Opportunity – create an image to represent each event… Tang & Song Dynasties Day 1

• Draw the chart and complete the Frayer Model you see below for the term “Dynasty”:

Definition in YOUR own words Dictionary Definition: 1. a line of hereditary rulers of a country.

Example or Image Dynasty Use it in a sentence The Tang, & Song Dynasties – INB 63 I can explain how China reunified after the Han dynasty and describe the major accomplishments of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. • Create the graphic organizer you see to the right • The headings are: – Tang – Song – Economy/Trade – Technology The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties Background • The Han dynasty of China came to an end in A.D. 220. For the next 300 years, China had no central government. The country collapsed into separate kingdoms, and the Chinese people suffered many hardships. Warlords—military leaders who rule local territories—fought each other. Meanwhile, groups of nomads attacked and captured parts of northern China. • While China faced these challenges at home, it lost control of the neighboring lands it had previously conquered. One of these lands was Korea, located on the Korean Peninsula to the northeast of China. The people of Korea decided to free themselves from Chinese rule and build their own civilization. The Sui (pronounced sway)

• China eventually became more unified. In A.D. 581, a Chinese general named Wendi (WHEHN • dee) declared himself emperor. He won many battles and set up a new dynasty called the Sui (SWAY). The Sui dynasty again unified China under the rule of emperors. • After Wendi died, his son Yangdi (YAHNG • dee) became emperor. Yangdi wanted to expand China's territory. He tried to regain lost lands. His army fought the Koreans, but it was badly defeated. • Within China, Yangdi had more success at expanding his dynasty. He wanted to bring back the glory of the Han dynasty. Yangdi repaired the Great Wall, which had fallen into ruins. He also rebuilt the magnificent Han capital city of Changan (CHAHNG • AHN). • Yangdi's most ambitious project was building the Grand Canal. This system of waterways connected China's two great rivers, the Huang He (HWAHNG HUH) (Yellow River) and the Chang Jiang (CHAHNG JYAHNG) (Yangtze River). The two rivers flowed east to west and were connected by the Grand Canal, which was built north to south. The Grand Canal made it easier to ship rice and other products between northern and southern China and united China's economy. • To rebuild China, Yangdi required help from the Chinese people. Farmers were forced to work on the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. They had to pay higher taxes to support these projects. Their taxes also paid for the emperor's luxurious way of life, which made the farmers angry. The farmers revolted and Yangdi was killed, bringing an end to the Sui dynasty. Tang & Song Dynasties Day 2

1.In A.D. 581, the ____ dynasty re-unified China under the rule of emperors. A. Sui B. Tang C. Song D. Ming 2.The most ambitious project under Emperor Yangdi was the ____, which helped unite China through trade. A. Great Wall B. printing press C. Grand Canal D. civil service examination 3.Which city prospered under the Tang dynasty? A. Beijing B. Changan C. Khanbaliq D. Hangzhou World History Bellwork – ON the paper I provided you at the door 4. Under the Tang dynasty, rulers carried out many A. building projects. B. military improvements. C. religious reforms. D. trade missions. 5. Empress Wu increased the size of the government and A. began the Sui dynasty. B. made the military stronger. C. restored civil service examinations. D. widened the Grand Canal. Mastery Objective: I can describe the major economic and technological contributions of the Chinese during the Tang & Song Dynasties.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. 7.22 Summarize the significance of the rapid agricultural, commercial and technological development during the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: • BW: Quick Quiz By the end of today’s class you • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – should have a completed reading Reading and Graphic Organizer and graphic organizer on the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties. Contributions of the Chinese– INB 63 I can describe the major economic and technological contributions of the Chinese. Economy/Trade Technology Contributions of the Chinese– INB 73 I can describe the major economic and technological contributions of the Chinese. (textbook pages 186-190) Economy/Trade Technology • Han dynasty = bad economy • new irrigation methods = increased • Tang = economy recovered growth of crops • Gave land to farmers • Developed new crops – rice and tea • More food = more people = more trade • Developed coal mining to find alternate • Cities grew to house the larger sources of fuel population • Coal burns hotter and they created steel • Built roads and canals = travel gets by mixing carbon with iron easier (stronger/harder – used to make • Silk Road Re-opens weapons and tools) • Most popular exports were silk, tea, • Invented paper, woodblock printing, and steel, paper, and porcelain movable type • Imports = gold, silver, gemstones, fine • Invented paper money woods • Invented gunpowder and fireworks • Other trade routes opened along with • Built ships with better steering and sails seaport towns • Perfected the magnetic compass World History Closure – INB 62 Dynasty Report Card

Directions: For each category assign a letter grade (A, B, C, D, or F) for how well YOU think each Dynasty did. Include a SHORT description that justifies or explains your letter grade.

How did they How well did the How well did What kind of relate to or treat economy do? they protect their building projects their people? people? did they have? Tang C – the Tang gave land to farmers but seemed to care more about government and the army than the people Song

Tang & Song Dynasties Day 3 Art & Literature 10/25

7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. 7.22 Summarize the significance of the rapid agricultural, commercial and technological development during the Tang and Song Dynasties. World History Bellwork– INB 64 describe the images you see below with as many descriptive words as possible… Mastery Objective: I can describe the advances made in art and literature during the Tang & Song Dynasties.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.22 Summarize the significance of the rapid agricultural, commercial and technological development during the Tang & Song Dynasties. 7.23 Trace the spread of Chinese technology to other parts of Asia, the Islamic world and Europe including papermaking, wood-block printing, the compass and gunpowder.

Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: • BW: Image Analysis By the end of today’s class you should have a completed guided • Reading/Note-taking reading along with a clear & Strategy –Guided Reading complete rough draft for this • Closure: Assessment week’s assessment question about Questions Pre-write the Tang and Song Dynasties. Chinese Art & Literature Strategy: Guided Reading… INB 65 • A Guided Reading is one that asks you questions along the way to ensure that you understand the material: 1. Read each section and highlight the main idea one color. 2. Answer the each question after you read and highlight the parts of the text that helped you answer the question (evidence!) Literature and the Arts

• The Tang and Song dynasties were a golden age of Chinese culture. The invention of woodblock printing helped make literature more available and popular. Art, especially landscape painting, also flourished during this period. Chinese rulers supported artists and writers. They invited them to live and work in the capital city of Changan. • Why do you think that the Tang and Song Dynasties supported the arts? • I think the Tang and Song Dynasties supported the arts because …. An Age of Poetry

• The Tang dynasty is regarded as the great age of poetry in China. The best known Chinese writers of this time are poets. Chinese poets often expressed a Daoist appreciation of the world. They wrote about the beauty of nature, the changes of the seasons, and the joys of friendship. They also expressed sadness at the shortness of life. • Li Bo was one of the most popular poets of the Tang dynasty. Known for leading a carefree life, Li Bo wrote poems about nature. His poem below is one of the best-known poems in China. For years, the Chinese have memorized it. Its title is "Alone Looking at the Mountain." Alone Looking at the Mountains

All the birds have flown up and gone; A lonely cloud floats leisurely by. We never tire of looking at each other— Only the mountain and I.“

Li Bo An Age of Poetry

• Another favorite Tang poet was Du Fu. He was a poor civil servant who faced many hardships. During Du Fu's lifetime, civil war raged throughout China. Food was scarce, and Du Fu nearly died of starvation. As a result, Du Fu often wrote about issues such as the problems of the poor, the unfairness of life, and the wastefulness of war. Du Fu wrote the poem below after an uprising left the capital city in ruins. "Five Hundred Words About My Journey to Fengxian,"

Behind those red gates meat and wine are left to spoil outside lie the bones of people who starved and froze."

Du Fu Landscape Painting

• During the Song dynasty, many Chinese artists painted landscapes. However, they did not try to show the exact appearance of places. Instead they tried to portray the "idea" of mountains, lakes, and other scenes. They left empty spaces in their paintings on purpose. This style reflects the Daoist belief that a person cannot know the whole truth about something. Daoism is the belief that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns. • Daoism also influenced the way people are portrayed in landscape paintings. Humans are shown as very small figures in a natural landscape. The paintings express the idea that people are part of nature but do not control it. People are only one part of a much larger natural setting. • Chinese painters often wrote poems on their works. They used a brush and ink to write beautiful characters called calligraphy.

Questions…

• Describe some common characteristics of Chinese landscape painting? • Some common characteristics of Chinese landscape painting are… • How does Daoism influence Chinese painting? • Daoism influences Chinese painting by ….. Porcelain

• During the Tang dynasty, Chinese artisans became skilled in making porcelain. As you may recall, porcelain is a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures. Because porcelain later came from China to the West, people today sometimes call porcelain "china." • Porcelain can be made into figurines, vases, cups, and plates. An Arab traveler in A.D. 851 described Chinese porcelain: • "There is in China a very fine clay from which are made vases having the transparency [clearness] of glass bottles; water in these vases is visible through them, and yet they are made of clay." • —from Account of Voyages Made by Arabs and Persians in India and China • Methods for making porcelain spread to other parts of the world through trade. They finally reached Europe in the A.D. 1700s. Porcelain Assessment Question Practice – INB 64 your rough draft for the first point will be your closure • How did each of these dynasties make a unique contribution to Chinese civilization? – Make sure you address BOTH the Tang & Song Dynasties. – Look for good evidence in the texts I supplied you Monday & Today to support your ideas. – Your rough draft can take the form of a formal paragraph or lists of major accomplishments and examples of evidence to help you gather your thoughts.

This will form your rough draft for you to refer BACK to when you write your assessment essay next Monday night. The Mongol Expansion 10/26

7.24 Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan & Kublai Khan. World History Bellwork – INB 66

• Complete the mini – bio on Genghis Khan using textbook page 196 to help you… Mastery Objective: I can identify the Mongols (both who they were and where they were from) and explain how they built an empire.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.24 Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: By the end of today’s class you • BW: Mini Bio – Genghis Khan should have a completed timeline • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – tracing the expansion of the Sequencing Practice Mongol Empire and a completed • Closure: Quick Check Questions set of quick check questions. The Mongol Empire The Mongol Expansion – INB 67 I can identify the Mongols (both who they were and where they were from) and explain how they expanded their control of Central Asia and built an empire. Set up INB page 67 with title and objective

We will use our textbook to locate 12 key events in the Mongol Expansion and record those events in chronological order as our notes for the day…

Use pages 193-196 to help you put your events in chronological order. Introduction – Textbook Page 193

• By the A.D. 1200s, Chinese civilization had made many achievements in government, technology, and the arts. However, enemies to the north were preparing to invade China. These people were the Mongols, the dominant nomadic group in central Asia. They became the first non- Chinese people to rule all of China. • Who Were the Mongols? • The Mongols came from an area north of China called Mongolia. The Mongols lived in movable tents called yurts and raised horses, sheep, and yaks, or long- haired oxen. Mongols were made up of clans, or groups of related families, that were loosely joined together. They followed their herds as the animals grazed the large steppes of Mongolia. The steppes are wide, grassy plains that stretch from the Black Sea to northern China. • Early in their history, the Mongols developed skills that were necessary for nomadic living. The Mongols were excellent horseback riders. Their children learned to ride a horse at ages four or five and then they spent much of their lives on horseback. The Mongols also developed their fighting skills. Riding on their horses toward an enemy, the Mongols could accurately shoot arrows from far distances. As they got closer to their enemy, the Mongols attacked them with swords and spears. Genghis Khan

• In A.D. 1206, a meeting of Mongol leaders took place in the Gobi. This is a vast desert that covers parts of Mongolia and China. At that meeting, a warrior named Temujin was elected Genghis Khan, which means "strong ruler." • Genghis Khan set out to unify the Mongol clans. He organized Mongol laws to create a new legal code. He also formed a group of clan chiefs to help him plan military campaigns. From the time of his election until the end of his life, Genghis Khan fought to conquer lands beyond Mongolia. • Genghis Khan created an army of more than 100,000 trained warriors. The soldiers were placed in groups called units. The units were then placed under the command of skilled officers. • The army officers were chosen for their abilities rather than their social position. These changes made the Mongols the most skilled fighting force in the world at that time. • Under Genghis Khan, Mongol forces first conquered other people of the steppes. These victories brought tribute money to the Mongol treasury. The victories also attracted new recruits to the army. Soon the Mongols were powerful enough to attack major civilizations. In A.D. 1211, thousands of Mongol horsemen invaded China. Within three years, they had taken control of all of northern China. They then turned west and invaded the kingdoms that controlled parts of the Silk Road. • Genghis Khan and his Mongol warriors became known for their cruel fighting and use of terror. Terror refers to violent acts that are meant to cause fear. Mongol soldiers attacked, looted, and burned cities. Within a short time, many people began surrendering to the Mongols without even fighting them. Empire Builders

• After Genghis Khan died in A.D. 1227, his vast territory was split into several areas. Each area was ruled by one of his sons. The great Mongol fighting force was divided up. • Despite these divisions of troops, Mongol conquests continued. The ferocious warriors swept into parts of eastern and central Europe. They also conquered Persia located in Southwest Asia. • In A.D. 1258, the Mongols captured the Muslim city of Baghdad. The Mongols then moved into Syria and Palestine to Egypt. The Muslim leaders of Egypt stopped the Mongol's advance in A.D. 1260. • All of these different areas formed a vast Mongol empire. Mongol rule stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the east to eastern Europe in the west and from Siberia in the north to the Himalaya in the south. The Mongols created the largest land empire in history. • The Mongols caused a great deal of damage to the lands they conquered, but they also brought stability. This stability encouraged trade and closer contact between Asia and Europe. Many of the great trade routes between Asia and Europe crossed Mongol lands. The Mongols grew wealthy because they taxed the products that were traded along these roads. • The Mongols admired the cultures they conquered, and sometimes they adopted their beliefs and customs. For example, the Mongols in Southwest Asia accepted Islam and adopted Arab, Persian, and Turkish ways. • The Mongols also learned from the Chinese. As they fought Chinese troops, the Mongols learned about gunpowder and its use as an explosive. They saw the Chinese use the fire lance, a weapon that the Chinese later developed into the gun and cannon. Adopting gunpowder and the fire lance from the Chinese, the Mongols became even more frightening to their opponents. World History Closure – INB 66 questions and correct answer below your bellwork • Word Bank: strong warrior, money and soldiers, clans, Russia, steppes, yurts, strong ruler, horses and yaks, terror, Egypt, loyalty

1. The Mongol groups were made up of ______.

2. Genghis Khan means ______.

3. Before attacking China Genghis Khan needed ______.

4. Some people surrendered to the Mongols out of ______.

5. Where was the Mongols westward advances stopped? ______Assessment Question Practice – INB 70 your prewriting work for tomorrow night’s assessment will be your bellwork • How did the Yuan dynasty make a unique contribution to Chinese civilization? 1. Create a list, bubble map, OR rough paragraph to come up with as MANY contributions as you can. 2. Pick which one you think was the most important or unique. 3. Find evidence in the work we did Thursday and Friday to support your choice.

This will form your rough draft for you to refer BACK to when you write your assessment essay tomorrow night. Mastery Objective: I can describe how the Ming rulers brought peace and prosperity to China.

Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: • BW: Assessment Question Pre- By the end of today’s class you Writing should have a completed guided • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – reading on the Ming Dynasty and Guided Reading: Ming Dynsaty a completed 3-2-1 Summary. • Closure: 3-2-1 Summary The Ming Dynasty Strategy: Guided Reading… INB 71 • A Guided Reading is one that asks you questions along the way to ensure that you understand the material: 1. Read each section and highlight the main idea one color. 2. Answer the each question after you read and highlight the parts of the text that helped you answer the question (evidence!) Comprehension Questions

• What was the key change that occurred after the death of Kublai Khan that brought about the end of the Yuan Dynasty? • How was Zhu Yuanzhang able to bring peace and order to China? • What were the many contributions/accomplishments of the Ming Dynasty? (hint: there are 7 listed in the text – you need at least 3) • What effect did the Ming have on art & literature? • What new literary form appeared during the Ming Dynasty? • What OLD art form was revived (brought back)? Ming Rulers Bring Peace and Prosperity to China • After Kublai Khan died in A.D. 1294, a series of weak emperors came to the throne. Mongol power in China began to decline, and problems increased for the Yuan dynasty. The government spent too many resources on foreign conquests. At the same time, many officials stole from the treasury and grew wealthy. Yuan rulers lost the respect of the people. As a result, many Chinese resented Mongol controls. Rise of the Ming

• Unrest swept through China and finally ended Mongol rule. In A.D. 1368, a military officer named Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor. Zhu reunited the country and then set up his capital at Nanjing in southern China. There, he founded the Ming, or "Brilliant," dynasty. The Ming dynasty would rule China for the next 300 years. • As emperor, Zhu took the name Hong Wu, or the "Military Emperor." He brought peace and order, but he was also a harsh leader. Hong Wu trusted few people and punished officials that he suspected of treason, or disloyalty to the government. After Hong Wu died in A.D. 1398, his son became emperor and took the name of Yong Le. • Yong Le was determined to be a powerful ruler. In A.D. 1421, he moved the capital north to Beijing. There, he built the Imperial City, a large area of palaces and government buildings. The center of this area, known as the Forbidden City, was where the emperor and his family lived. Only top government officials were allowed to enter the Forbidden City. • The Forbidden City had beautiful gardens and palaces with thousands of rooms. China's emperor and court lived there in luxury for more than 500 years. The buildings of the Forbidden City still stand. You can visit them if you travel to China today. How did the Ming CHANGE China?

• Ming emperors needed government officials to carry out their decisions. To make sure that officials took their jobs seriously, the emperors brought back the civil service examinations. As during the Tang and Song dynasties, the tests were extremely difficult and required years of preparation. • One responsibility of officials was to carry out a census, or a count of the number of people in China. The census helped officials identify the people who owed taxes. • The strong government of the early Ming emperors provided peace and security. As a result, the Chinese economy began to grow. Hong Wu rebuilt many canals and farms. He also ordered that new roads be paved and new forests planted. Agriculture thrived as farmers worked on the new lands and grew more crops. • Ming rulers also repaired and expanded the Grand Canal. This allowed merchants to ship rice and other products between southern and northern China. Chinese traders introduced new types of rice from Southeast Asia that grew faster. More food was available to the growing number of people living in cities. • The Ming also supported the silk industry. They encouraged farmers to start growing cotton and weaving cloth. For the first time, cotton became the cloth worn by most Chinese. Arts & Literature

• The arts flourished during the Ming dynasty. Newly wealthy merchants and artisans wanted entertainment and could afford to pay for printed books and trips to the theater. During the Ming period, Chinese writers produced novels, or long fictional stories. One of the most popular was The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It described military rivalries at the end of the Han period. Many novels of the time were written in vernacular, or everyday language. Writers avoided formal language to tell their tales. Instead they tried to make their stories sound as if they had been told aloud by storytellers. Traditional Chinese dramas had been banned during the years of Mongol rule, but under the Ming they were restored to the stage. Actors in costumes performed stories of the day using words, music, dance, and symbolic gestures. Closure – 7-1/7-4 Only

Source: An Imperial Edict Restraining Officials from Evil by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) From Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey, 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 205-206. • Introduction • Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398) rose from obscure poverty to become a military strongman and founder of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Born into a poor family and orphaned at an early age, Zhu spent some time as a Buddhist beggar- monk before joining one of the many rebellions against the crumbling government of the Yuan dynasty. Although barely literate, Zhu proved a capable leader of men and a successful general. He founded the Ming dynasty in 1368, chased the hapless Mongols back to Mongolia, and established his dynastic capital in the city of Nanjing. In the document below, Zhu Yuanzhang, as the Hongwu Emperor, reminds his civil and military officials that they are to “refrain from evil.” Source: An Imperial Edict Restraining Officials from Evil by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) From Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey, 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 205-206. • An Imperial Edict Restraining Officials from Evil by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) • … Those of you in charge of money and grain have stolen them for yourselves; those of you in charge of criminal laws and punishments have neglected the regulations. In this way grievances are not addressed and false charges are ignored. … Occasionally these unjust matters come to my attention. After I discover the truth, I capture and imprison the corrupt, villainous, and oppressive officials involved. I punish them with the death penalty or forced labor or have them flogged with bamboo sticks in order to make clear the consequences of good and evil actions. Comprehension Questions Reread the document with a partner and discuss & record your answers to the following questions • 1. What do you believe this says about the government during the Ming dynasty? – I think this document says the Ming government was…. • 2. Do you think that his actions will solve the problems he refers to? Why or why not? – I think that the emperor’s actions (insert your choice – will or will not) solve the problems he is talking about because… World History Closure: INB 70 7-3/7-2 only underneath your bellwork • Create the pyramid you see on the right – USE THE WHOLE BOTTOM HALF OF YOUR PAGE • Follow the directions making sure that the question you create uses your bottom two levels World History Bellwork INB 72 use textbook page 205 to help you 1. Title your page “Chinese Exploration” 2. Attach the map to the top half of your page 3. TRACE the route of Zheng He’s fleet 4. Answer all 3 “Geography Connection” questions (answers in COMPLETE SENTENCES) The Voyages of Zheng He: 1405-1433 Mastery Objective: I can explain how Chinese contact with the outside world changed during the Ming dynasty.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.26 Draw evidence from informational texts to analyze the contributions made during the Ming Dynasty such as building projects, including the Forbidden City and the reconstruction of the Great Wall , isolationism, and sea voyages. Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: • BW: Map Activity By the end of today’s class you • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – should have a completed set of Create your own Cornell Notes personalized Cornell Notes AND a • Letter to the Emperor – What 6-8 sentence letter of advice to Should he do to save his the Ming Emperor explaining empire? HOW he should act to save his empire. Chinese Exploration – INB 73 I can explain how Chinese contact with the outside world changed during the Ming dynasty.

1. Set up INB page 73 for Cornell Notes making sure you include TITLE and OBJECTIVE

2. Turn to textbook page 204 – 207 and create key words/topics for the subheadings you see in that section beginning with “Chinese Exploration” and record these in the left hand column

3. Begin reading If you are ready to start before the rest of the class Chinese Exploration – INB 73 I can explain how Chinese contact with the outside world changed during the Ming dynasty.

Chinese Exploration

Zheng He

Europeans come to China

Ming Dynasty Falls Chinese Exploration

• Early Ming emperors wanted to know more about the world outside of China and to expand Chinese influence abroad. Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships to sail to other countries. The ships, known as junks, usually traveled along the coast of China. They could also sail on the open sea. Between A.D. 1405 and A.D. 1433, Ming emperors sent the Chinese fleet on seven overseas voyages. They wanted to trade with other kingdoms and demonstrate Chinese power. They also wanted to demand that weaker kingdoms pay tribute to China. • The leader of these journeys was a Chinese Muslim and court official named Zheng He (JUNG HUH). The voyages of Zheng He were quite impressive. On the first voyage, nearly 28,000 men sailed on 62 large ships and 250 smaller ships. The largest ship was over 440 feet (134 m) long. That was more than five times as long as the Santa María that Christopher Columbus sailed almost 90 years later. The Voyages of Zheng He • Zheng He took his first fleet to Southeast Asia. In later voyages, he reached the western coast of India and the city-states of East Africa. Zheng He wrote about his travels: • "We have traversed [traveled] more than 100,000 li [30,000 mi. or 50,000 km] of immense water spaces and have beheld in the ocean huge waves like mountains rising sky-high, . . . and we have set eyes on barbarian [foreign] regions far away, hidden in a blue transparency of light vapours, [fog] while our sails, loftily unfurled like clouds, day and night continued their course, rapid like that of a star, traversing [crossing] those savage waves." • —from tablet erected in Fujian, China, by Zheng He • At the different ports he visited, Zheng He traded Chinese goods, such as silk, paper, and porcelain. He returned with items unknown in China. For example, Zheng He brought giraffes and other animals from Africa, which fascinated Emperor Yong Le. Yong Le placed them in his imperial zoo in Beijing. Zheng He also brought back visitors from the outside world, including representatives from South and Southeast Asia. The voyages of Zheng He encouraged Chinese merchants to settle in Southeast Asia and India. In these places, they traded goods and spread Chinese culture. • Despite these benefits, Chinese officials complained that the ongoing trips cost too much. They also said that these voyages would introduce unwanted foreign ideas. Some officials also believed that being a merchant was an unworthy and selfish occupation. A Confucian teaching said that people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires. • After Zheng He died in A.D. 1433, Confucian officials convinced the emperor to end the voyages. The fleet's ships were taken apart, and the construction of seagoing vessels was stopped. As a result, China's trade with other countries sharply declined. Within 50 years, the Chinese shipbuilding technology became outdated. The Arrival of Europeans

• Ming China was not able to cut off all contacts with the rest of the world. In A.D.1514, ships from the European country of Portugal arrived off the coast of southern China. It was the first direct contact between China and Europe since the journeys of Marco Polo. • The Portuguese wanted to trade with China and convert the Chinese to Christianity. At the time, the Ming government paid little attention to the arrival of the Portuguese. China was a powerful civilization and did not feel threatened by outsiders. To the Chinese, the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people. • At first, local officials refused to trade with the Portuguese. The Chinese hoped the foreigners would give up and go home. By A.D. 1600, however, the Portuguese had built a trading post at the port of Macao in southern China. Portuguese ships carried goods between China and Japan. Trade between Europe and China, however, remained limited. • Despite limited contact, European ideas did reach China. Christian missionaries made the voyage to China on European merchant ships. Many of these missionaries were Jesuits, a group of Roman Catholic priests. The Jesuits were highly educated and hoped to establish Christian schools in China. Their knowledge of science impressed Chinese officials. However, the Jesuits did not convince many Chinese to accept Christianity. The Fall of the Ming

• After a long period of growth, the Ming dynasty began to weaken. Dishonest officials took over the country. They placed heavy taxes on farmers. The farmers objected to the taxes and began to revolt. • As law and order collapsed, a people—the Manchus— from the north prepared to invade a weakened China. Like the Chinese, the Manchus had been conquered by the Mongols. They had retreated to an area northeast of China's Great Wall, known today as Manchuria. The Manchus defeated the Chinese armies and captured Beijing. In A.D. 1644, they set up a new dynasty called the Qing (CHEENG) dynasty. Closure – Letter of Advice INB 72 under your Bellwork • It is a life or death moment for the Ming Dynasty and your task is to write the Ming Emperor a letter giving him advice on HOW you think he should save his Dynasty. Consider the following topics and tell the emperor what he should DO about each: – Exploration/trade – Contact with Europe – corruption Closure – Letter of Advice INB 72 under your Bellwork Dear Ming Emperor, I have heard the terrible news that you are having great trouble in your dynasty. I have heard that you have stopped exploring the outside world and don’t want to trade much with Europe and are even having trouble with corruption in your own government! I think you should….

6-8 sentences TOTAL (I gave you 2) – your best grammar and spelling – explain what you think the emperor should DO about each of the subtopics Assessment Question Practice – Ming Dynasty your prewriting work for tonight’s assessment will be your bellwork

• How did the Ming dynasty make a unique contribution to Chinese civilization? 1. Create a list, bubble map, OR rough paragraph to come up with as MANY contributions as you can. 2. Pick which one you think was the most important or unique. (I think ______was the MOST important contribution) 3. Find evidence in the work we did yesterday and Monday to support your choice.

On your OWN paper… Mastery Objective: I can describe how Buddhism came to China and explain how it changed in popularity over time.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: By the end of today’s class you should have a • BW: Ming Dynasty Pre-writing completed pre-writing task of what you • learned about the contributions of the Ming CW: Article Annotation and text Dynasty and a completely annotated article dependent questions. about how Buddhism came to China along • Closure: explanatory writing with completed text dependent questions citing evidence where needed. You must have practice your closure paragraph completed as well. The Eightfold Path

1. Right understanding and viewpoint 2. Right values and attitude (compassion rather than selfishness). 3. Right speech (don't tell lies, avoid harsh, abusive speech, avoid gossip). 4. Right action (help others, live honestly, don't harm living things, take care of the environment). 5. Right work (do something useful, avoid jobs which harm others). 6. Right effort (encourage good, helpful thoughts, discourage unwholesome destructive thoughts). 7. Right mindfulness (be aware of what you feel, think and do). 8. Right meditation (calm mind, practice meditation which leads to nirvana). 1. Life is suffering 2. The cause of suffering is desire/greed 3. There is an end to suffering 4. The way to end suffering is to follow The Four Noble Truths the eight-fold path Text Dependent Questions complete on your own paper

1. What is Buddhism and where did it originate? 2. What is the traditional story about how Buddhism came to China? Do you think it is believable? Why or why not? 3. What is the more likely way that Buddhism got to China? 4. What is the TIMELINE for the slow way that Buddhism arrived in China? • 1st century – • 3rd century – • 4th/5th centuries – • 7th century - 5. During the early years of Buddhism in China was the religion mostly accepted or not accepted by Chinese emperors? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. 6. What major development in the acceptance of Buddhism in China was made during the Sui dynasty? 7. Why would the early years of the Tang dynasty be considered a “golden age” for Buddhism in China? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. 8. How were the later years of the Tang a problem for Buddhism in China? 9. How did Buddhism itself CHANGE after the Tang dynasty? 10. How has Buddhism been affected by wars and revolutions during the Modern Era (20th century)? Text Dependent Questions complete on your own paper 1. What is Buddhism and where did it originate? 2. What is the more likely way that Buddhism got to China? 3. What is the TIMELINE for the slow way that Buddhism arrived in China? • 1st century – • 3rd century – • 4th/5th centuries – • 7th century - 4. During the early years of Buddhism in China was the religion mostly accepted or not accepted by Chinese emperors? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. 5. Why would the early years of the Tang dynasty be considered a “golden age” for Buddhism in China? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. Closure

• How did the popularity of Buddhism in China CHANGE over the centuries? • Answer in PARAGRAPH form • Cite evidence from the text • 5-8 sentence minimum Buddhism & Confucianism Day 1

7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy. World History Bellwork create a t-chart and record the following two lists THEN choose which you think is the best and write a statement explaining your choice. (INB 74) Buddhist Confucian • Suffering exists, and it has a • Focuses on the political and cause, but it also has an ethical rather than the end. spiritual • • Nothing is permanent. Emphasizes a persons duty and family relationships • Change is always possible. • Calls for humanity, compassion and empathy • Success should be based on what we know not who we know Mastery Objective: I can describe how Buddhism became popular during the Tang dynasty and explain how Confucianism shaped Chinese government.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: By the end of today’s class you should • BW: Quick Check Questions have a completed quick check questions • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – and a completed reading and graphic Graphic Organizer organizer along with a completed • soapstone chart and written explanation Closure: SOAPSTONE Practice of the Primary Source. Buddhism & Confucianism In China – INB 75 I can describe how Buddhism became popular during the Tang dynasty and explain how Confucianism shaped Chinese government.

Buddhism Confucianism Buddhism in China answer the following questions to create your notes 1. When did it come to China? 2. What did it teach? 3. How did Tang rulers feel about it? 4. What are monasteries? 5. What do you call men and women who live in monasteries? 6. What do the monasteries do for the community? 7. Why did some Chinese oppose the religion? 8. Why did some Tang rulers fear Buddhism? 9. How did Buddhism spread to Korea? How did people there feel about it? 10. How did it spread to Japan? How did they feel about it? Buddhist Monks & Nuns World History Closure: INB 74 underneath your bellwork • Create the pyramid you see on the right – USE THE WHOLE BOTTOM HALF OF YOUR PAGE • Follow the directions making sure that the question you create uses your bottom two levels World History Bellwork – INB 76 write questions and correct answers 1.Who first brought Buddhism to China in the A.D. 100s? A. Mongol invaders B. poets and artists C. scholar-officials D. traders and missionaries

2.Buddhist monks and nuns helped meet poor people's needs, and they were tolerated by early Tang rulers. A.TRUE B.FALSE

3. Why did Tang officials grow to fear Buddhism in China? (short answer) Mastery Objective: I can explain how the Chinese government’s views on Buddhism changed during the Tang dynasty.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: By the end of today’s class you should • BW: Quick Check Questions have a completed quick check questions, • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – all three primary source documents Primary Source Analysis analyzed with questions answered, and a • Closure: ACE Practice (answer, closure that BOTH demonstrates you have mastered the ACE strategy AND cite, explain) correctly answers the question. Questions to Consider… You will need to respond to all three questions for each of the following three documents 1. Does the document take a positive or negative view on Buddhism? 2. What was the writer’s role in the Chinese government? 3. What does the document suggest doing about Buddhism? Source1: Zong Mi, a leading Buddhist scholar, favored by the Tang imperial household, essay, “On the Nature of Man,” early 800s CE.

• Confucius, Laozi and the Buddha were perfect sages (wise men). They established their teachings according to the demands of the times and the needs of various peoples. They differ in their approaches in how they encourage the perfection of good deeds, punish wicked ones, and reward good ones; all three teachings lead to the creation of an orderly society and for this they must be observed with respect. Source 2: Tang Emperor Wu, Edict on Buddhism, 845 C.E.

• We have heard that the Buddha was never spoken of before the Han dynasty; form then on the religion of idols gradually came to prominence. So in this latter age Buddhism has transmitted its strange ways and has spread like a luxuriant vine unit it has poisoned the customs of our nation. Buddhism has spread to all the nine provinces of China; each day finds its monks and followers growing more numerous and its temples more lofty. Buddhism wears out the people’s strength, pilfers their wealth, causes people to abandon their lords and parents for the company of teachers, and severs man and wife with its monastic decrees. In destroying law and injuring humankind indeed nothing surpasses this doctrine! • Now if even one man fails to work the fields, someone must go hungry; if one woman does not tend her silkworms, someone will go cold. At present there are an inestimable number of monks and nuns in the empire, all of them waiting for the farmers to feed them and the silkworms to clothe them while the Buddhist public temples and private chapels have reached boundless numbers, sufficient to outshine the imperial palace itself. • Having thoroughly examined all earlier reports and consulted public opinion on all sides, there no longer remains the slightest doubt in Our mind that this evil should be eradicated. Source 3: Han Yu, leading Confucian scholar and official at the Tang imperial court, “Memorial on Buddhism,” 819 CE.

• I say that Buddhism is no more than a cult of the barbarian peoples spread to China. It did not exist here in ancient times. Now I hear that Your Majesty has ordered the community of monks to go to greet the finger bone of the Buddha [a relic brought to China from India], and that Your Majesty will ascend (climb up) a tower to watch the procession as this relic is brought into the palace. If these practices are not stopped, and this relic of the Buddha is allowed to be carried from one temple to another, there will be those in the crowd who will cut off their arms and mutilate their flesh in offering, to the Buddha. • Now the Buddha was a man of the barbarians who did not speak Chinese and who wore clothes of a different fashion. The Buddha’s sayings contain nothing about our ancient kings and the Buddha’s manner of dress did not conform to our laws; he understood neither the duties that bind sovereign (ruler) and subject, nor the affections of father and son. If the Buddha were still alive today and came to our court, Your Majesty might condescend (show his superiority) to receive him, but he would then be escorted to the borders of the nation, dismissed, and not allowed to delude (fool) the masses. How then, when he has long been dead, could the Buddha’s rotten bones, the foul and unlucky remains of his body, be rightly admitted to the palace? Confucius said: “Respect ghosts and spirits, but keep them at a distance!” Your servant is deeply ashamed and begs that this bone from the Buddha be given to the proper authorities to be cast into fire and water, that this evil be rooted out, and later generations spared this delusion. Closure – INB 76 underneath your bellwork • Using the documents from today’s lesson respond to the guiding question using the ACE Strategy: How did the Chinese government view Buddhism? Bellwork – Not in INB Answer 1 -3 ON the paper provided Mastery Objective: I can identify who Confucius was and explain three basic ideas behind his philosophy.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: • BW: Getting Started Questions By the end of today’s class • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – you should have a completed Close read and Text-Dependent close read/activities on the Questions article about Confucius and a • Closure: Summary Writing completed summary. Practice

I will read TO YOU once… (7-3)

You will re-read INDIVIDUALLY once

THEN you will re-read a final time with a partner and complete each section of the vocabulary and comprehension questions….

We will take 5 minutes per section then pause, check, & correct!

You must also have a minimum of 5 annotation comments so I can see your thinking while you read….

Reread and Complete 1-15 with a neighbor – 8 to 10 minutes Complete with a neighbor – 5 minutes Complete with a neighbor – 5 minutes Complete with a neighbor

Complete the Summary (outline and finished summary) on your own… Complete the Summary (outline and finished summary) on your own… Bellwork - NOT in INB complete on your own paper and hold until closure… 1. Who was Confucius? 2. What are the three most important basic beliefs of Confucianism? 3. How did Confucian ideas spread?

Answer in complete sentences… Mastery Objective: I can explain how Confucianism influenced Chinese government.

What are today’s State Standards? 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy. Strategies/Activities: END OF DAY PRODUCT: By the end of today’s class you should • BW: Quick Check Questions have a completed quick check • Reading/Note-taking questions and a completed reading Strategy –Graphic Organizer and graphic organizer along with a • Assessment Question completed rough draft of your responses to the writing assessment practice – Buddhism vs. questions coming up at the end of Confucianism this week. Buddhism & Confucianism In China – INB 75 I can describe how Buddhism became popular during the Tang dynasty and explain how Confucianism shaped Chinese government.

Buddhism Confucianism Confucianism in China answer the following questions to create your notes

1. What does Confucius think a good government needs? 2. How did the Chinese government go about GETTING people who were like this? 3. What happened to Confucianism and Buddhism after the fall of the Han Dynasty? 4. How were the Tang and the Song dynasty different for Confucianism than the Han? 5. What is Neo-Confucianism? 6. Why was it created? 7. Did it contain ideas from other philosophies? 8. What did Tang & Song rulers think about Neo-Confucianism? Why? 9. What did the civil service exam test people on? Who mostly took the tests? 10. Were the tests easy? How many people usually passed? 11. What would you do if you didn’t pass? Closure – Assessment Question Practice answer on the SAME paper where you did your bellwork – complete sentences please • I will be sending home another writing assessment 1. How did Buddhism and on Thursday over what we Confucianism spread? have been learning about 2. Why was Buddhism Confucianism and popular and accepted by Buddhism: Take THIS time rulers? to briefly respond to each 3. Why did rulers of the four questions in a eventually prefer sentence each. Confucianism? • I will read these tonight 4. How did Confucianism and get them back to you have an impact on the with comments tomorrow development of Chinese so you know if you need to imperial government? ask any questions or if you are ready to write… World History Bellwork – INB 78 remember to ONLY use the TOP ½ of your page

• Draw the chart and complete the Frayer Model you see below for the term “Analect”:

Definition in YOUR own words Dictionary Definition: 1. Selected passages from the writings of an author or group of authors…

Example or Image Analect Use it in a sentence Mastery Objective: I can explain how the Confucian ideals of humanism, filial piety, and the importance of education are reflected in the Analects of Confucius. What are today’s State Standards? 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy.

END OF DAY PRODUCT: Strategies/Activities: By the end of today’s class you should have a completed quick check • BW: questions and a completed reading • Reading/Note-taking Strategy – and graphic organizer along with a Graphic Organizer & excerpts completed rough draft of your from The Analects responses to the writing assessment • Assessment Question practice – questions coming up at the end of this week. Classwork – The Analects INB 79 you will need to pick up a copy of the organizer to use and the Analects to read • You will read excerpts from the Analects of Confucius and complete the following three tasks: – Write down the specific Analect – Explain what you think it means in plain English – Identify which of the three main Confucian ideas the quote represents and EXPLAIN how you know. Humanism filial piety education for all Closure – INB 78 underneath your bellwork • Respond to the question: Do you think Confucius’ teachings still apply in our world today? Why or why not? – Paragraph form – Specifically address humanism, filial piety, and the value of education in your response. – 4-6 sentence minimum