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GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK 2018-19 JAMMU & KASHMIR

Prepared By

Rayees Ahmad Pir Assistant Hydrogeologist

March 2020

North Western Himalayan Region Jammu

FOREWORD

Water is one of the essential natural resources for sustaining life on blue planet “Earth”. The demand of fresh / usable water has increased manifold globally due to rapid growth in population, which in turn caused change in agricultural pattern and increase in industrial activities. To meet the demand of fresh water of various sectors, there is an enormous stress on ground water resources as the surface water pollution is increasing day by day. This has resulted in the water level decline in many parts of the country.

Central Ground Water Board, the apex organization under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, monitors the behavior of the ground water regime through a network of ground water monitoring wells spread across the country. The water level data collected from such observation wells in each state are compiled, processed and the salient features brought out as a “Ground Water Year Book” every year. This report pertains to the scenario of ground water regime in the state of Jammu and Kashmir for the year 2018-2019. Central Ground Water Board, North Western Himalayan Region, Jammu is monitoring the groundwater regime under various hydrogeological setting through Dug wells and Piezometers in valley areas of Jammu and Kashmir State, viz. Jammu, Kathua, Rajouri, Reasi, Samba and Udhampur districts four times in a year (January, May, August and November) and Anantnag, Bandipora, Baramulla, Budgam, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Pulwama and Srinagar Districts three times in a year (May, August and November). Due to the snowfall, ground water level monitoring in the month of January is not taken up. The effect of rainfall/snowfall on the ground water regime is studied through the fluctuations between pre and post monsoon seasons in Jammu Division and pre and post winter season in Kashmir Valley. Similarly, water level fluctuations between the two consecutive seasons are studied and comparisons of water level for the year are done with the long-term mean of at least one decade. The spatial and temporal variations in the chemical quality of the formation water are studied through chemical analysis results of water samples collected from the ground water monitoring wells during May. The information and data presented in this report will serve as a database to the user agencies, ground water planners and managers and will be of immense use to understand the Divisional picture on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of ground water regime in Jammu & Kashmir State. The present Ground Water Year Book for the period 2018-2019 is result of hard work & and untiring efforts made by Sh. Rayees Ahmad Pir, Assistant Hydrogeologist. The outcome of this report presented in form of tables and maps depicting the ground water scenario of Jammu & Kashmir State is highly appreciable. I personally feel that this will be of immense use for planners, administrators and other stake holders engaged in development, management and regulation of ground water resources in the state.

Ashok Kumar Head of Office GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK OF JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE 2018-2019 CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No. No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Status of Hydrograph Network Stations 3 2 PHYSIOGRAPHY 5 3 GEOLOGY 7 4 DRAINAGE 9 5 HYDROMETEROLOGY 10 5.1 Climate of Jammu Division 10 5.2 Climate of Kashmir Division 11 6 SOILS 12 7 HYDROGEOLOGY 12 8 BEHAVIOR OF WATER LEVELS 14 8.1 Depth to Water Level 14 8.1.1 May 2018 14 8.1.2 August 2018 15 8.1.3 November 2018 16 8.1.4 January 2019 17 8.2 Seasonal Fluctuation of Water Level 26 8.2.1 November 2018 to May 2018 in Jammu Division 26 8.2.2 May 2018 to November 2017 in Kashmir Division 26 8.3 Annual Fluctuation of water level 30 8.3.1 May 2018 w.r.t. May 2017 30 8.3.2 August 2018 w.r.t. August 2017 30 8.3.3 November 2018 w.r.t. November 2017 30 8.3.4 January 2019 w.r.t. January 2018 31 8.4 Decadal mean water level Fluctuation 37 8.4.1 May 2018 w.r.t. mean of May 2008 –2017 37 8.4.2 August 2018 w.r.t. mean of August 2008 –2017 37 8.4.3 November 2018 w.r.t. mean of November 2008-2017 38 8.4.4 January 2019 w.r.t. mean of January 2009 –2018 38 9 HYDROCHEMISTRY 45 9.1 Results and Discussions 45 9.1.1 Specific Conductance 45 9.1.2 pH 47 9.1.3 Chloride 48 9.1.4 Fluoride 49 9.1.5 Nitrate 50 9.1.6 Calcium 52 9.1.7 Magnesium 53 9.1.8 Total Hardness 54 9.1.9 Sulphate 56 9.1.10 Iron 57 10 RECOMMENDATIONS 59

LIST OF TABLES No. TITLE PAGE No. 1 District wise break-up of Ground Water Monitoring wells 3 2 Geological Setting in Jammu & Kashmir 7 3 Categorization of depth to water level- May 2018 22 4 Categorization of depth to water level- August 2018 23 5 Categorization of depth to water level- November 2018 24 6 Categorization of depth to water level- January 2019 25 7 Categorization of changes in water level between May and Nov 2018 28 Jammu Division 8 Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018 and Nov 29 2017, Kashmir Division 9 Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018 and May 35 2017 10 Categorization of changes in water level between August 2018 and 35 August 2017 11 Categorization of changes in water level between Nov. 2018 and 36 November 2017 12 Categorization of changes in water level between January 2019 and 36 January 2018 13 May 2018 w.r.t. mean of May 2008-2017 41 14 August 2018 w.r.t. mean of August 2008-2017 42 15 November 2018 w.r.t. mean of November 2008-2017 43 16 January 2019 w.r.t. mean of January 2009-2018 44 17 Ground Water Quality during May 2016 50 18 Nitrate concentration more than MPL 45 mg/l of BIS 50 19 Summary of Ground water samples as per classification of Hardness 54 20 District Wise Range of Hardness during May 2016 54 21 Iron concentration more than MPL 1.00 mg/l of BIS 57

LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. TITLE PAGE No. 1 Administrative Map of Jammu and Kashmir 2 2 Location of Ground Water Monitoring wells in J&K 4 3 Valley areas in Jammu & Kashmir 6 4 May 2018 Jammu Division 18 5 May 2018 Kashmir Division 19 6 August 2018 Jammu Division 19 7 August 2018 Kashmir Division 20 8 November 2018 Jammu Division 20 9 November 2018 Kashmir Division 21 10 January 2019 Jammu Division 21 11 November 2018 to May 2018 Jammu Division 27 12 November 2017 to May 2018 Kashmir Division 27 13 May 2018 to May 2017 Jammu Division 32 14 August 2018 to August 2017 Jammu Division 33 15 November 2018 to November 2017 Jammu Division 33 16 November 2018 to November 2017 Kashmir Division 34 17 January 2019 to January 2018 Jammu Division 34 18 May 2018 to decadal mean of 2008-2017 Jammu Division 39 19 August 2018 to decadal mean of 2008-2017 Jammu Division 39 20 November 2018 to decadal mean of 2008-2017 Jammu Division 40 21 January 2019 to decadal mean of 2009-2018 Jammu Division 40 22 Specific Conductance (May 2016) Jammu Division 45 23 Specific Conductance (May 2016) Kashmir Division 46 24 pH (May 2016) Jammu Division 47 25 pH (May 2016) Kashmir Division 47 26 Chloride concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 48 27 Chloride concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 48 28 Fluoride concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 49 29 Fluoride concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 49 30 Nitrate concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 51 31 Nitrate concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 51 32 Calcium concentration (May 2016) Jammu Division 52 33 Calcium concentration (May 2016) Kashmir Division 52 34 Magnesium concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 53 35 Magnesium concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 53 36 Total Hardness (May 2018) Jammu Division 55 37 Total Hardness (May 2018) Kashmir Division 55 38 Sulphate concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 56 39 Sulphate concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 56 40 Iron concentration (May 2018) Jammu Division 57 41 Iron concentration (May 2018) Kashmir Division 58

ANNEXURES

Annexure TITLE PAGE No. No. 1 Depth to Water Level Data for all Seasons (KASHMIR DIVISION) 62 2 Depth to Water Level Data for all the four Seasons (JAMMU DIVISION) 64 3 Result of Chemical Analysis of water samples of NHS collected during May 70 2016 JAMMU DIVISION 4 Result of Chemical Analysis of water samples of NHS collected during May 78 2016 KASHMIR DIVISION

1. INTRODUCTION Jammu and Kashmir including UT of Ladakh is the northern most UT of India. It lies within latitudes of 32°17’ and 36° 58’ N and longitudes of 73° 26’ and 80° 30' E. It has a total geographical area of 2,22,236 km2 which includes an area of 78,114 km2 under occupation of Pakistan and 5180 km2 which has been illegally handed over by Pakistan to China. It also includes 37,555 km2area which is under illegal occupation of China. Total 30 Survey of India Degree Sheets cover entire J&K & Ladakh. The state has international border with China and Afghanistan in the north, Tibet in east and Pakistan in the west. The states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh lie in the south. Major parts of Jammu and Kashmir State represent high rugged mountainous terrain. The Jammu and Kashmir State is divided into two administrative Divisions viz. Kashmir Division comprising Kashmir DIVISION and Jammu Division comprising of Jammu DIVISION. There are total twenty districts in J&K. The administrative map of the state is shown in figure 1.

The Central Ground Water Board started monitoring of ground water regime through All India network of hydrograph stations from 1969 onwards. The density of observation wells was increased year after year. Earlier ground water monitoring was carried out through a network of open wells, generally dug wells for drinking purpose tapping shallow aquifers. Keeping in view the importance of future ground water development, the network was subsequently strengthened by construction of purpose built piezometers. Presently in Jammu and Kashmir, a total of 321 dug wells, 9 Piezometers and 10 springs are being monitored for this purpose. The Central Ground Water Board, North Western Himalayan DIVISION is monitoring water levels in observation wells in Jammu and Kashmir State four times a year viz. May (between 20th and 31st), August (between 20th and 31st), November (1st and 10th) and January (1st and 10th). Water samples from observation wells are collected once in a year during May for quality testing. The water level and chemical analysis data thus collected is analyzed and interpreted by GEMS and Map Info software and Ground Water Regime Monitoring Bulletin is prepared and issued seasonally with interpreted data and thematic maps depicting ground water scenario of J&K state.

The total number of active ground water monitoring wells (DW, PZ & Sp) are 344 as on January 2019 which are located in alluvial areas of Jammu, Kathua, Samba, Rajouri, Reasi, Udhampur, Srinagar, Baramulla, Bandipora, Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara and Pulwama Districts. Most of monitoring stations fall in alluvial plains in these districts. The present report discusses Regional behavior of water levels in phreatic aquifers for the period

Page | 1 May, August, November 2018 and January 2019 which will enable user agencies to plan development strategies. The results of chemical analysis of water samples collected in May 2017 from observation wells established by Central Ground Water Board, North Western Himalayan Region are also discussed. The main objective of ground water regime monitoring in Jammu and Kashmir is to determine the net change in ground water storage and can be summarized as follows: 1. To study fluctuation of water levels both spatially and temporally in response to ground water recharge and/or discharge. 2. To evaluate changes in ground water level with respect to preceding year for the same period. 3. To evaluate changes in ground water levels with respect to a long-term average water level such as decadal mean. 4. To study fluctuation of water level during different seasons. 5. To study hydro-chemical behaviour of phreatic aquifers.

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1.1 Status of Hydrograph Network Stations In Jammu & Kashmir, at present there are 340 Hydrograph Network Stations which are being monitored every year during pre-monsoon and post- monsoon periods. 251 NHS exist in Jammu Division and 89 stations in Kashmir Division. Till date no monitoring stations have been established in Ladakh Division. District-wise number of hydrograph network stations as on 31.03.2019 is given in table-1 and their locations are shown in Figure 2.

Table: 1 District-wise break-up of active Ground Water Monitoring Wells in J&K

Total No Ground Water monitoring wells Sl. of No. (as on January 2019) DIVISION DISTRICT Monitoring May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 wells 1 ANANTNAG 1 0 1 1 2 BARAMULLA 21 19 20 19 3 KUPWARA 27 24 25 25 4 PULWAMA 5 3 2 3 Monitoring KASHMIR 5 SRINAGAR 2 2 2 2 not carried DIVISION 6 BANDIPORA 0 ------out due to 7 BUDGAM 0 snowfall 8 GANDERBAL 0 9 KULGAM 0 10 SHOPIAN 0 ------Total 56 48 50 50 0 11 JAMMU 93 82 59 85 66 12 KATHUA 45 34 33 34 34 13 JAMMU RAJAURI 38 37 34 32 31 14 DIVISION REASI 9 9 9 8 6 15 SAMBA 40 39 32 37 36 16 UDHAMPUR 23 22 21 22 2 Total 248 223 188 218 175 TOTAL J&K 304 271 238 268 175

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Page | 4 2. PHYSIOGRAPHY Physiography of the Jammu & Kashmir is highly varied with highest mountain ranges of the world, extensive plateau, enormous valleys, deep gorges and large canyons in Middle and Trans-Himalayan regions. The individual ranges have characteristic steep slopes towards south and much gentle slope towards north. The northern slopes are covered with thick and dense growth of vegetation, while the southern slopes are mostly bare, with thin sparse forest cover. The Zanskar range separates Ladakh Division with Kashmir Valley while Pir Panjal range divides Jammu Division and Kashmir Valley (Figure 3). J&K can be divided into six distinct physiographic units as discussed below. Sirowal Belt: The Sirowal belt covers an area of about 1000 km2 and has an average topographic gradient of 1:250 to 1:300 in southwest direction. The land elevation of Sirowal belt above mean sea level is normally within 320 m. Southern parts of Jammu and Kathua Districts fall in this belt. Kandi Belt: The elevation of Kandi belt ranges between 320 m and 400 m above mean sea level (m amsl). The average topographic gradient varies between 1:60 and 1:100. Kandi belt covers an area of about 1500 km2 and occupies parts of Jammu and Kathua Districts imperceptibly north of Sirowal belt. Kandi belt in Jammu & Kashmir state runs in northwest - southeast direction as a narrow strip between rivers Munawar Tawi in the west and Ravi in the east. The belt is occupied by reworked Siwalik debris, which has master slope towards south- west. Siwalik Region: Land elevation of Siwalik Region ranges between 400 m and 750 m above mean sea level. Ridges and small independent valleys are the prominent features of Siwalik Region which covers parts of Kathua, Jammu, Udhampur and Rajouri Districts. Kashmir Valley: The elevation of valley floor above mean sea level ranges between 1500 m and 2000 m. Kashmir valley covers an area of 5600 km and comprises parts of Budgam, Pulwama, Srinagar, Anantnag, Baramulla and Kupwara Districts. Hilly Mountains: The high mountain ranges have the elevation between 2000 m and 5000 m above mean sea level and form parts of Udhampur, Anantnag, Baramulla, Srinagar and Kupwara Districts. Trans-Himalayan Zone: The trans-Himalayan zone constitutes the inaccessible mountainous terrain of Kargil and Leh districts in Ladakh Division. The elevation of this zone varies between 5000 m and 8000 m above mean sea level. However, along the lower reaches of Indus and Shyok rivers the elevation is less than 5000 m.

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Page | 6 3. GEOLOGY Geological formations ranging in age from Pre-Cambrian to Recent are found in the State. These formations can broadly be classified into three categories. Hard or consolidated- rocks comprising granites, slates, quartzite, Panjal traps, limestone etc. Semi-consolidated rocks comprising of clay stone, siltstone, and sandstone etc unconsolidated formations ranging in age from Quaternary to Recent are comprised of Clay, Silt, Sand, Gravel, pebbles, Boulder etc. The brief geological setting of the state is given in Table-2.

Table 2 Geological Setting in J&Kz Age Formation Recent to Sub-recent Alluvium Pleistocene Karewas Middle Pliocene to Pleistocene Siwaliks Miocene Murree’s Unconformity Eocene Subathu Formation Cretaceous/ Eocene Volcanics/ Basic Intrusives Cretaceous Flysch Beds Jurassic Punch-Mandi Formations Triassic Mandi& Infra-Triassic Formations Palaeozoic Panjal Traps/ Tanwal Carboniferous / Permian Agglomeratic Slates Fenestella Shales Gondwana Formations, Zewan Beds Silurian-Devonian Muth Quartzites Upper Pre-Cambrian to Lower Cambrian Dogra Slates Lower Pre-Cambrian Salkhala Series Pre-Cambrian Granite & Basic Intrusives The Salkhala out crops have been traced in the form of hairpin bend around the northwestern end of the Kashmir Valley. The Salkhala group comprises of succession of Carbonaceous Shales, Schists, graphitic phyllites, carbonaceous limestones, dolomites, marbles, and quartzites. The Salkhala group is stratigraphically overlain by Dogra Slates, which conformably grades into the lower Paleozoic succession. In southern part of Kashmir, the Dogra Slates are conformably overlain by a succession of phyllites, sandstones, massive quartzites, grits and conglomerates known as Tanwal and suggested that the succession bridges the gap between Dogra Slate and upper Paleozoic rocks in south and south western Kashmir. The Paleozoic formations of Kashmir exposed along the Pir Panjal range and great Himalayan ranges rest either over Dogra slates or pre-Cambrian crystalline rocks of the Salkhala group. A succession of white quartzites, Shales, siltstones and dolomitic limestones exposed around Kashmir synclinorium has been referred as Muth formation. In Northern part of the Kashmir, the Muth Quartzites is conformably overlain by Syringothris limestone, a

Page | 7 succession of Grey and dark blue limestone with a few interbedded shales, quartzites and traps. The formation exposed along the southern slopes of Pir Panjal near Banihal. Agglomeratic slate series is well exposed in the Pir Panjal range Baramulla district, Lidar valley, Anantnag District and Kishtwar in Doda district. The polymioctites consists of rock fragments derived from glacial erosion as well as from volcanic outburst. It is a succession of slates, sandstone, quartzite and with a few bands of conglomerates. The Agglomeratic slate series is overlain and often intermixed with thick succession of Andesitic and basaltic traps known as Panjal Volcanics. The Volcanics occupy the steep slopes and high peaks of the Pir Panjal ranges and higher reaches of ladder valley. The volcanic activity seems to have persisted in Kashmir from late carboniferous to late Triassic epochs. Permian rocks of Kashmir are conformly overlain by thick succession of limestones and shales known as Zewan formation. The out crops of Jurassic rock have restricted distribution in Kashmir. A major part of the rock is buried beneath the quaternary sediments and reported in northern slopes of Pir Panjal range Baltal and Joji-la areas. The cretaceous rocks have not been reported from the Kashmir Himalayas. The Murrees extensively exposed on the Jammu-Srinagar highway around Batote consists of basal conglomerate bed overlain by intercalations of bright red purple clay and green sandstones and is overlain by Siwalik group rock formations. Most of the Kashmir valley is occupied by this gravel-sand and mud succession known in Indian Stratigraphy as ‘Karewa formation’. There are different opinions about the deposition of Karewa formations. But based on detailed geological mapping Bhatt (1978, 1982) proposed that sedimentation of Karewa deposits took place in a lake basin, but suggested that during deposition of Lower Karewa lake occupied the whole Kashmir valley floor, but during Upper Karewa time the lake was localized only in the north-eastern flank of the basin. Karewa cover an area of about 5600 Sq. Km in Kashmir Valley. Karewa group is defined to include the more or less unconsolidated layered sedimentary succession deposited in fluvio- lacustrine environments in the Kashmir valley, overlying the Precambrian- Mesozoic basement and overlain by Holocene alluvium of modern rivers etc.’. Karewa group is divided into two formations viz., Lower Karewa and Upper Karewa. The Lower Karewa formation is characterized by plastic grey to bluish grey clay, light grey sandy clay, lignite and lignitic-clay, coarse to medium grained sand and conglomerates. It is about 1200-mt thick formations. The Upper Karewa formation is characterized by brown, grey sandy clay, medium to coarse-grained sand, cream coloured marl, conglomerate and loam (loess) sediments. In this upper Karewa, lignitic shale and grey bluish shale are absent. Thickness of this formation is about 50 to 200 mt. The loamy sediments are present throughout the valley making the top of the Karewa Terraces. The Upper Karewa formation sediments are exposed extensively on the Pir Panjal flank due to uplift of Pir Panjal range along with its Karewa sediments. The top of Karewa terraces are capped by a fine grained mostly silty succession without any bedding structures. These are mainly loam or loess formation. At some places the formation is extremely muddy, silty or rather sandy. In some cases, sand layers are intercalated.

Page | 8 4. DRAINAGE Entire state of Jammu and Kashmir falls in the Indus River Basin and the only exception is the small area in the extreme north-east which is part of Quraqush River Basin. 4.1. Indus Basin The total drainage area of Indus Basin is 11,78,440 km2 out of which an area of 453,250 km2 falls in high Himalayan mountains and the remaining 725,190 km2 falls in the plains of the drainage area in plains. A total of 321,290 km2 area of Indus basin falls in India whereas only 131,960 km2 area falls in Pakistan. The Indus River (Sanskrit-Sindhu, Greek-Sinthos, Latin-Sindhu) originates from lofty mountains near Man Sarovar Lake at an elevation of 5182 m and traverses for several hundred kms through Tibet and India before reaching Suleiman Mountains in Pakistan. A part of the Indus Basin is above the permanent snow line, which varies in altitude from 4268 m in the eastern part to 5792 m in the western part. In Ladakh DIVISION, the snow line is at 5488 m above mean sea level, which recedes during summer. The hydrographic system of the Indus Basin is very extensive. The river initially runs along the strike of the mountains and then suddenly makes an acute bend to the south and flows directly across the mountain. The Gilgit River joins the Indus at its great bend to the south. The Indus flows initially under the name of Singee Khabab until it is joined by Ghar River at about 257 kms from its source. After short distance downstream it enters Jammu &Kashmir at an elevation of 4206 m. It skirts Leh at 3200 m and is joined by Zanskar River while still flowing north but more westerly. The Indus passes near Sardou and reaches Haramosh Mountain (7407 m). Here it takes a turn southwards at an acute angle and passing near Hattu Pir, enters Kohistan. After flowing through wilds of Kohistan and at about 1450 km from its source, the Indus is joined by Kabul and Swat Rivers from Afghanistan. At this point the elevation of the Indus falls to about 610 m. After leaving Attock in Pakistan the river flows southwards, parallel to the Suleiman Range. At about 805 km. from the Arabian Sea and at an elevation of 79 m amsl, the Indus receives waters from all of its five major tributaries viz. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej and here, it is known as Panjnad (five rivers). The river finally joins the Arabian Sea through its mouth, which forms a big delta covering 7770 km2 and a vast coastline of about 201 km. Major sub-basins of Indus System in Jammu & Kashmir State are the Jhelum Sub-basin, the Chenab Sub-basin and the Ravi Sub-basin. A brief account of these three sub-basins is given as under: -

Page | 9 4.1.1. Jhelum Sub-Basin The Jhelum is known in Kashmir as the Veth River. Most parts of Kashmir valley are drained by Jhelum River, which flows in northwesterly direction. The Jhelum River (Sanskrit-Vitasta, Greek-Hydaspes, Latin-Bipaspes) originates from Verinag Spring. The River has various tributaries in the valley, several of which come from the everlasting snows of the Lidar valley. Near Srinagar it is received by the Sind River, and then forms the Wular Lake in Bandipora District which, in fact, is a delta of Jhelum River. Below Baramulla, the river leaves the fertile banks of the valley and rushes headlong down a deep gorge at Khadnayar and joins the Chenab River at Trimmu in Pakistan. 4.1.2. Chenab Sub-Basin The Chenab River or Asikin, as it was known in Vedic times, is formed by two important tributaries, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which join near Keylong in Himachal Pradesh to form Chandra-Bhaga or the Chenab River in Himachal Pradesh. The River then flows through the Kashmir Himalayas to emerge into the plains at Akhnoor in Jammu District, at about 250 km from its source. Ranbir canal takes off from its left bank in Akhnoor tehsil. 4.1.3. Ravi Sub-Basin Very small parts of the state, mainly the extreme south-eastern parts, fall in the Ravi Sub-basin. The Ravi River rises from the northern face of Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh at an elevation of 4116 m. After passing through Dhaula Dhar hill ranges, the river emerges from the foothills near Madhopur where the head works of the Upper Bari Doab Canal exist. It has the smallest catchment area among the rivers of the Indus System. An important tributary of Ravi River, the Ujh River Which originates from the Basohli hills of Kathua District joins the mainstream to its right at Lassian. 5 HYDROMETEOROLOGY Jammu and Kashmir has great diversity in its temperature and precipitation. Excepting the plain, south of the Siwaliks of the Jammu Division, the climate over the greater parts of the state resembles that of the mountainous and continental parts of the temperate latitudes. 5.1. Climate of Jammu Division Climate of Jammu Division is sub-humid to sub-tropical. It is divisible into two parts namely (i) the plain Region, lying to the south of the Siwaliks and (ii) the mountainous Region, stretching over the Middle and the Greater Himalayas in the districts of Doda, Rajouri, Poonch and Udhampur. The climate of the plain Region and Middle Himalayas

Page | 10 including the Pir Panjal is characterized by a rhythm of seasons which is caused by the reversal of winds in the form of south-west and north-east monsoons. The reversal of pressure takes place regularly twice a year. This Region has sub-tropical climate with hot and dry climate in summer and cold climate in winter. It lies in the northern hemisphere above the tropic of Cancer. The Minimum and Maximum temperature of the district varies between 4ºC to 47ºC and the monsoon starts from the beginning of July to the first week of September. From October to June the precipitation and temperature patterns resemble closely the valley temperature zones. However, the summer rainfall and temperature resemble the precipitation pattern in the sub-tropical zone. The Region receives an average annual precipitation of 1070 mm mainly in the form of rainfall. Snowfall occurs in high mountainous parts of Jammu Region due to south-west monsoon from July to September and contributes about 80% of the total rainfall. The temperature in plain areas of Jammu Region goes up to 45ºC during summer and drops to as low as 3º C during winter season. Average number of Annual rainy days in Jammu Region is 59. 5.2. Climate of Kashmir Division The weather and climate of Kashmir Division are intrinsically linked with the weather mechanism of the subcontinent in general. The location of the Kashmir Valley at a high altitude (about 1600m amsl) in the north–western corner of the subcontinent, surrounded by high mountains on all sides, gives it a unique geographical character with distinctive climatic characteristics. It experiences Temperate-cum-Mediterranean type of climate. The average annual precipitation is 660 mm. In winters, rainfall occurs from the western disturbances (temperate cyclones). These disturbances have their origin in the Mediterranean Sea. The rainfall generated by these cyclones is fairly widespread locally known as Alamgir. About 65% of the precipitation occurs in the form of snow during winter season, i.e. December to February. March and April are the months of rainfall. May to September are relatively dry months. The mercury drops between - 8ºC and 12ºC during winter and attains a moderate temperature of around 35ºC during summer.

Page | 11 6. SOILS Various types of soils are formed in different Regions of the state owing to marked Physiographic and climatological variations. Alluvial soils occur in parts of Jammu and Kathua Districts where the land elevation is less than 300 m above mean sea level. These soils are homogeneous and very fertile. Brown hilly soils are formed at elevations between 300 and 1500 m amsl in the areas of moderately undulating topography. Spodo soils are developed in areas with land elevation between 1500 and 3000 m amsl experiencing relatively colder winters and higher mean annual rainfall. These soils occur in Poonch and Doda districts. Ochara-qulf soils are yellowish brown in colour and have moderately low permeability. These are developed at an elevation of about 1600 m amsl in mid upland areas of Kashmir Valley. Hapludalf soils are yellowish brown to dark brown in colour, very deep and well drained. Skeletal soils are developed in parts of Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh Region, which vary in altitude between 2400 m and 7200 m amsl and experience severely cold and dry winters. 7. HYDROGEOLOGY The Hydrogeological set up in the state is very complicated owing to varied geological settings and ground water conditions. All the three divisions of Jammu & Kashmir state represent entirely different ground water regimes. Based on geology and aquifer characteristics, the area of the state can be divided into two broad hydrogeological units. These are Porous and Fissured formations. 7.1 Porous Formation Porous formations are best suitable for the exploration and development. Potential zones are encountered in these formations. Division wise porous formations are described hereunder: -

7.1.1 JAMMU DIVISION In Outer Plains of Jammu division, extending between River Ravi in the east to Munawar Tawi in the west, the ground water occurs in piedmont deposits belonging to upper Pleistocene to Recent age. The deposits comprise unconsolidated sediments in the form of terraces and coalescent alluvial fans developed by the streams debauching out of Siwalik Hills. The sediments consist of coarse clastics ranging in size from boulder to gravel in the loose clay matrix and occasionally alternating bands of clay of varying thickness. Kankar is also intercalated with these sediments at different intervals and in variable quantity. These deposits are graded into finer sediments from north to south in that order.

Page | 12 Down south it comprises alternate bands of sands of all grades and clay with subordinate peck of gravels and pebbles.  Kandi Formation Kandi formation comprises very coarse material with little clay but in the Outer Plain of Jammu & Kashmir, the typical Kandi formations are not seen. Instead, they comprise boulders, gravels, pebbles and coarse sand with substantial amount of clay sometimes hard and sticky of varying thickness. The clay proportion increases towards southwest. Occurrence of perched water bodies is a common phenomenon in the Kandi belt of Jammu & Kashmir. The ground water generally occurs under unconfined conditions in Kandi formation.  Sirowal Formation The Kandi formation coalesces into Sirowal formation in the south, finer outwash of Siwalik debris, brought by streams. Ground water occurs under both confined as well as unconfined conditions in Sirowal formation. A spring line demarcates the contact between Kandi and Sirowal formations because the ground water oozes out along this line causing marshy conditions. The spring line has undergone deformation due to decline of water level resulting from development of ground water in Sirowal area. However, the base flow could be seen in streams south of this line, which also in the Sirowal formation is the existence of auto-flow conditions in the deeper aquifer system. The Dun Belt separates the Siwalik hills from the middle Himalayas and runs as a series of river terraces between Basohli (32°30', 76°49'30") in the east to Reasi (33°05', 74°50') and beyond in the west. The sediments are in the form of isolated Sub-Recent to Recent valley fill deposits ranging in thickness between a few meters to a few tens of meters. These deposits are often dissected as a result of the present-day drainage pattern. The deposits comprise of coarse clastics such as boulders, cobbles, pebbles etc. inter-bedded with lenticular clays.  Isolated Valley Fills in Middle Himalayas There exist a number of isolated valleys in middle Himalayas where ground water occurs in valley fill deposits comprising of lacustrine to fluvio-glacial sediments. A few meter-thick layer of loess overlies these deposits, which is windblown. Ground water in such valleys generally occurs under confined conditions. One of the prominent isolated valleys in middle Himalayas is Kishtwar valley in Kishtwar district of Jammu Division. 7.1.2. KASHMIR DIVISION Kashmir valley covers an area of 5600 Sq. km and is occupied by Karewa that consist of a huge pile of alternating bands of sand, silt and clay interspersed by glacial boulder beds. The sands are mostly fine to very fine grained and it is very rare that they are medium to

Page | 13 coarse grained. There is considerable lateral facies variation in the nature of sediments. The aggregate thickness of these sediments is of the order of 2500-3000 m. Ground water in the Karewa of Kashmir valley occurs under both confined as well as unconfined conditions. 7.2. Fissured Formation About 15000 sq. km. area in Jammu Division is occupied by hilly terrain. It comprises rocks ranging in age from Precambrian (Salkhala series) to Miocene or even Pliocene (Murrees and upper-middle Siwaliks). The rock types range from soft or friable sandstones, Clays, Shales, Conglomerates to hard traps and metamorphics such as quartzite and crystalline limestone. In the Siwalik terrain, where groundwater is tapped, it comes mainly either from the weathered formation or from the joints or cracks of these rocks. Friable Siwalik sandstones do possess primary porosity but are not very potential aquifers. 8. BEHAVIOUR OF WATER LEVELS DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL The water levels in Ground Water Monitoring Wells of Jammu and Kashmir State were measured four times during the period 2018-2019 (May 2018, August 2018, November 2018 and January 2019). The water levels observed are shown in Annexure-I & II. The ground water levels in different seasons were analyzed to evaluate the temporal behaviour of water level. The behaviour of water levels during the period May 2018 to January 2019 has been compared with the previous water levels as well as with the average water level for the last decade (decadal behaviour) to ascertain the changes in the ground water regime. All the data has been put in the GIS format and the data has been analyzed. After analysis, the contours of water levels below the ground surface have been created by joining the areas with same water levels and the areas have been demarcated with uniform contour intervals. The contouring has been done by Natural Neighborhood Interpolation method. District wise categorization of water levels observed during May, August, November 2018 and January, 2019 is given in Annexure-I & II.

8.1 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

8.1.1 May 2018 Jammu Division: The water level data in respect of 184 wells for the month of May 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water level varied from 0.0.8m bgl (Suchetgarh – II in Jammu District) to 35.8 m bgl (Taryai in Jammu district). Categorization of depth to water level May 2018 is given in table 3. 12 wells (6.52%) have recorded the water level less than 2.0 m bgl. About 47.83% of the total wells (88 wells) analyzed have shown depth to water

Page | 14 level in the range 2-5 m bgl. Whereas 55 wells (29.89%) have shown water levels in the range of 5-10 m bgl. 15 (8.15%) wells have registered deeper water levels, in the range of 10- 15 m bgl. Another 14 wells (7.61%) of the total wells analyzed have shown water levels in the range of >15 m bgl. Areas of Jammu, Samba and Kathua districts below the contact of Kandi Sirowal show water level between 2-10 m bgl except for a few patches that show water levels between 0- 2m bgl. In Sirowal area of Outer Plains, most of the water levels have been recorded between 2 and 10 m bgl except for a few small patches that show water levels from 0 to 2 m & above 10 m bgl. In Kandi Belt, the water levels are deeper ranging between 5 and 10 m bgl and a few patches (northern and north western Jammu, north-eastern parts of Samba & north western parts of Kathua respectively) having water levels more than 15 m bgl (Figure 4). Kashmir Division: The water level data in respect of 48 wells for the month of May 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water level varied from 0.45m bgl (Urwan in Pulwama District) to 15.09 m bgl (Tral in Pulwama district). Categorization of depth to water level May 2018 is given in table 3. 15 wells (31.25%) have recorded the water level less than 2.0 m bgl. About 54.17% of the total wells (26 wells) analyzed have shown depth to water level in the range 2-5 m bgl. Whereas 6 wells (12.50%) have shown water levels in the range of 5- 10 m bgl. 0 (0%) wells have registered deeper water levels, in the range of 10-15 m bgl. Another 1 well (2.08%) of the total wells analyzed have shown water levels in the range of >15 m bgl. In Kashmir Valley water levels varied between 0 to 5 m bgl in major portion. In all districts except northern patches of Srinagar, and parts of Pulwama districts where water levels varies from 10 to 15mbgl. In Pulwama water level in Tral areas water levels are greater than 15m bgl. (Figure 5) 8.1.2 August 2018 Jammu Division: The water level data in respect of 190 wells for the month of August 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water levels varied from -0.15 m bgl (in Channi Mansar of Samba district) to a maximum of 35.40 m bgl (Taryai in Jammu district). Categorization of depth to water level August 2018 is given in table 4. The water level less than 2 meters below ground level was recorded in 96 wells (50.53%). 59 wells (31.05%) have shown water level in the range of 2 to 5 m bgl, whereas 21 wells (11.05%) have shown water level in the range of 5 to 10 m bgl. 7 wells (3.68%) have shown deeper water levels i.e. in the range of 10 to 15 m bgl. 7 wells (3.68%) have shown very deep water level of >15 m bgl. In Sirowal formation of Jammu, Samba and Kathua, water levels varied between 0 to

Page | 15 5 in major portion and 5-10 m bgl at a few places. The transition part of Sirowal belt and Kandi belt of both Jammu and Kathua Districts shows varied water levels. Water levels deeper than 15m bgl were observed in the extreme north-western portion of Jammu district in Kandi belt and middle and N-Eastern areas in Samba district (Figure 6). Kashmir Division: The water level data in respect of 50 wells for the month of August 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water level varied from 0.35 bgl (Saidpora Baramulla District) to 10.30 m bgl (Rambarpora in Anantnag district). Categorization of depth to water level August 2018 is given in table 4. 16 wells (32%) have recorded the water level less than 2.0 m bgl. About 52% of the total wells (26 wells) analyzed have shown depth to water level in the range 2-5 m bgl. Whereas 7 wells (14%) have shown water levels in the range of 5-10 m bgl. 1 (2%) well have registered deeper water levels, in the range of 10-15 m bgl. Whereas 0 well (0.00%) of the total wells analyzed have shown water levels in the range of >15 m bgl.

Water levels varied between 0 to 5 m bgl in major portion. In all districts except northern patches of Srinagar, and parts of Anantnag districts where water level varies from 10 to 15mbgl. None of the wells shows water levels greater than 15m bgl. (Figure 7) 8.1.3. November 2018 Jammu Division: The water level data in respect of 222 wells for the month of November 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water level ranges from 0.10 m bgl (Channi Mansar Samba district) to 36.10 m bgl (Taryai in Jammu district). Categorization of depth to water level November 2018 is given in table 5. A total of 76 numbers of wells (34.23%) have recorded the water level less than 2.0 m bgl. Majority of the wells (95 wells, 42.79% of the total wells) analyzed have shown depth to water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. Whereas 35 wells (15.77%) have shown water levels in the range of 5-10 m bgl. 4 wells(1.80%) have registered deeper water levels, in the range of 10-15 m bgl. Another 12 wells (5.41%) of the total wells analyzed have shown water levels in the range of >15 m bgl. In Sirowal formation of Jammu, Samba and Kathua, water levels varied between 0 to 5 in major parts and 0-2 m bgl at a few parts. Major part of Sirowal belt in all these districts shows water levels between 2 and 5 m bgl and water levels in the range of 0-2 m & 5 – 10 m bgl have been observed at a few patches. In Kandi belt, the water levels generally found are within the range of 5-10 and 10 – 15m bgl at few portions. Water levels deeper than 15m bgl were observed in the extreme north & north-western portion of Jammu district in Kandi belt and central parts in Samba district (Figure 8).

Page | 16 Kashmir Division: The water level data in respect of 50 wells for the month of November 2018 were analyzed. The depth to water level varied from 0.33 bgl (Saidpora Barahmulla District) to 16.29 m bgl (Tral district Pulwama) Table 5. The water level less than 2.0 m below ground level has been recorded in 9 (18%) wells, 32 well (64%) have shown depth to water level in the range 2-5 m bgl, whereas 6 well (12%) has shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl, 01 (2%) well has registered deeper water level i.e., 10-15 m bgl. Only 2 (4%) wells have shown water level more than 15.0 m bgl. In Kashmir Valley water levels varied between 2 to 5 and 5-10 m bgl in major portion. In all districts except Srinagar, Anantnag and parts of Pulwama districts where water level varies from 10 to 15mbgl. In Anantnag water level in Rambarpora areas and Tral in Pulwama district water levels are greater than 15m bgl. (Figure 9).

8.1.4. January 2019 Jammu Division: The water level data in respect of 177 wells for the month of January 2019 were analyzed. The depth to water levels varied from 0.76 at Sanoora Samba District to 36.43 m bgl in Taryai Jammu District. Categorization of depth to water level January 2018 is given in table 6. A total of 31 wells (17.51% of the total wells analyzed) have recorded the water level less than 2.0 m bgl. 82 wells (46.33%) have shown depth to water level in the range 2-5 m bgl, whereas 46 wells (25.99%) wells have shown water levels in the range of 5-10 m bgl, 7 (3.95%) wells have shown the deeper water levels i.e. 10-15 m bgl and 11 (6.21%) wells have shown water level more than 15 m bgl. In entire Sirowal area, the water levels varied between 2 to 5 m bgl with few small patches of 0-2 and 5-10 m. Besides, small portions of all the three districts recorded water level in the range of 5 to 10m bgl. The Kandi belt in Jammu, Samba and Kathua Districts shows deeper water levels between 5 to 10 & 10 to 15 m bgl. In parts of Kandi Belt of all the three districts, the deeper water levels deeper i.e. more than 15 m bgl were also observed in north & north western part of Jammu, central & north eastern parts of samba and north western parts of Kathua districts (Figure 10).

Kashmir Division: Due to snowfall, Monitoring is not carried out for the month of January.

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Page | 21 Table 3: CATEGORIZATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL- MAY 2018

District No. Of Depth Number of Wells Percentage of Wells wells to Showing Depth to Showing Depth to Water Analyze Water Water Level (mbgl) in Level (mbgl) in the Range d Level the Range of of DIVISION (mbgl)

Min Max 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15

Anantnag 0 ------

Baramulla 19 0.67 5.35 7 11 1 0 0 36.84 57.89 5.26 0.00 0.00

Kupwara 24 0.70 6.50 7 14 3 0 0 29.17 58.33 12.50 0.00 0.00

Pulwama 3 0.45 15.09 1 0 1 0 1 33.33 0.00 33.33 0.00 33.33

Srinagar 2 3.24 9.44 0 1 1 0 0 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 KASHMIR DIVISION KASHMIR

Total 48 0.45 15.09 15 26 6 0 1 31.25 54.17 12.50 0.00 2.08

Jammu 71 0.80 35.50 4 37 18 7 5 5.63 52.11 25.35 9.86 7.04

Kathua 32 1.41 25.37 2 12 12 3 3 6.25 37.50 37.50 9.38 9.38

Rajouri 22 1.83 7.60 1 12 9 0 0 4.55 54.55 40.91 0.00 0.00

Reasi 6 3.35 25.71 0 4 1 0 1 0.00 66.67 16.67 0.00 16.67 JAMMU DIVISION JAMMU Samba 36 1.30 31.43 2 15 10 4 5 5.56 41.67 27.78 11.11 13.89

Udhampur 17 1.34 10.89 3 8 5 1 0 17.65 47.06 29.41 5.88 0.00

Total 184 0.80 35.50 12 88 55 15 14 6.52 47.83 29.89 8.15 7.61

TOTAL J&K 232 0.45 35.50 27 114 61 15 15 11.64 49.14 26.29 6.47 6.47

Page | 22 Table 4: CATEGORIZATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL- AUGUST 2018 DIVISION District No. Depth to Number of Wells Percentage of Wells Of Water Showing Depth to Showing Depth to Water wells Level Water Level (mbgl) Level (mbgl) in the Range Analy (mbgl) in the Range of of zed Min Max 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15

Anantnag 1 10.30 0 0 0 1 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00

Baramulla 20 0.35 5.55 9 10 1 0 0 45.00 50.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 KASHMIR Kupwara 25 1.31 6.3 6 15 4 0 0 24.00 60.00 16.00 0.00 0.00

Pulwama 2 0.75 5.23 1 0 1 0 0 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00

Srinagar 2 2.74 9.24 0 1 1 0 0 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00

Total 50 0.35 10.30 16 26 7 1 0 32.00 52.00 14.00 2.00 0.00

Jammu 58 0.02 35.40 22 21 8 3 4 37.93 36.21 13.79 5.17 6.90

Kathua 34 - 14.10 18 9 6 1 0 52.94 26.47 17.65 2.94 0.00 0.07 Rajouri 34 0.10 5.23 20 13 1 0 0 58.82 38.24 2.94 0.00 0.00 JAMMU Reasi 9 1.13 25.27 5 3 0 0 1 55.56 33.33 0.00 0.00 11.11

Samba 32 0.15 21.13 13 9 5 3 2 40.63 28.13 15.63 9.38 6.25

Udhampur 23 1.40 5.60 18 4 1 0 0 78.26 17.39 4.35 0.00 0.00

Total 190 0.15 35.40 96 59 21 7 7 50.53 31.05 11.05 3.68 3.68

TOTAL J&K 240 0.15 35.40 112 85 28 8 7 46.67 35.42 11.67 3.33 2.92

Page | 23 Table 5: CATEGORIZATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL- NOVEMBER 2018

DIVISION District No. Of Depth to Number of Wells Percentage of Wells Showing wells Water Showing Depth to Water Depth to Water Level (mbgl) in Analyzed Level Level (mbgl) in the the Range of Range of (mbgl)

Min Max 0–2 2–5 5–10 10–15 >15 0 – 2 2 – 5 5–10 10–15 > 15

Anantnag 1 15.30 0 0 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

Baramulla 19 0.33 5.98 5 12 2 0 0 26.32 63.16 10.53 0.00 0.00

Kupwara 25 1.29 6.92 3 19 3 0 0 12.00 76.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 KASHMIR Pulwama 3 1.00 16.29 1 0 1 0 1 33.33 0.00 33.33 0.00 33.33

Srinagar 2 3.30 10.08 0 1 0 1 0 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00

Total 50 0.33 16.29 9 32 6 1 2 18.00 64.00 12.00 2.00 4.00

Jammu 85 0.14 36.10 17 42 17 3 6 20.00 49.41 20.00 3.53 7.06

Kathua 37 0.19 13.04 13 14 9 1 0 35.14 37.84 24.32 2.70 0.00

Rajouri 31 0.70 4.99 15 16 0 0 0 48.39 51.61 0.00 0.00 0.00

JAMMU Reasi 8 0.83 28.07 3 4 0 0 1 37.50 50.00 0.00 0.00 12.50

Samba 37 0.10 26.71 9 15 8 0 5 24.32 40.54 21.62 0.00 13.51

Udhampur 24 0.18 5.03 19 4 1 0 0 79.17 16.67 4.17 0.00 0.00

Total 222 0.10 36.10 76 95 35 4 12 34.23 42.79 15.77 1.80 5.41

TOTAL 272 0.10 36.10 85 127 41 5 14 31.25 46.69 15.07 1.84 5.15

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Table 6: CATEGORIZATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL- JANUARY 2019 DIVISION District No. Of Depth to Number of Wells Percentage of Wells Showing wells Water Showing Depth to Depth to Water Level (mbgl) Analyze in the Range of Level Water Level (mbgl) in d (mbgl) the Range of Min Max 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 >15

Jammu 66 1.50 36.43 6 38 15 2 5 9.09 57.58 22.73 3.03 7.58

Kathua 36 0.95 19.46 11 7 13 3 2 30.56 19.44 36.11 8.33 5.56

Rajouri 31 1.54 6.95 4 21 6 0 0 12.90 67.74 19.35 0.00 0.00

JAMMU Reasi 6 1.63 8.02 1 4 1 0 0 16.67 66.67 16.67 0.00 0.00

Samba 36 0.76 25.93 8 12 10 2 4 22.22 33.33 27.78 5.56 11.11

Udhampur 2 1.59 6.98 1 0 1 0 0 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 Total 177 0.76 36.43 31 82 46 7 11 17.51 46.33 25.99 3.95 6.21

Page | 25 8.2 SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF WATER LEVEL 8.2.1 November 2018 and May 2018 Jammu Division: The seasonal water level fluctuation between November 2018 & May 2018 in respect of 176 National Hydrograph Stations are analyzed. It is observed that 156 stations have shown rise in water level where as only 20 stations have shown fall in water levels in the range of 0-2 m, 2-4 m and >4 m. Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018 and November 18 (Jammu Division) is given in Table 7. Out of 176 stations showing rise in water levels, 89 wells (50.57%) have shown rise less than 2 m. 41 wells (23.30%) and 26 wells (14.77%) have shown rise in the range of 2-4 m and >4 m respectively. 13 wells (7.39%) have shown decline between 0-2 m and 2 wells (1.14%) have shown fall between 2-4 and 5 wells (2.84%) have shown decline of>4 m. Effect of rainfall is directly reflected in all parts of the area monitored during November 2018. Almost all the valley areas are showing rise in the water levels except for small patches in all districts. A few locations of Jammu, Samba and Kathua Districts have registered fall of water level within 0-5 m bgl (Figure 11). 8.2.2 November 2017 and May 2018 Kashmir Division: The seasonal water level fluctuation between November 2017 & May 2018 in respect of 21 National Hydrograph Stations are analyzed. It is observed that 18 stations have shown rise in water level where as only 3 stations have shown fall in water levels in the range of 0-2 m, 2-4 m and >4 m. Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018-November 17 – (Kashmir Division) is given in Table 8. Out of 21 stations showing rise in water levels, 14 wells (66.67%) have shown rise less than 2 m. 3 wells (14.29%) and 1 well (4.76%) have shown rise in the range of 2-4 m and >4 m respectively. 2 wells (9.52%) have shown decline between 0-2 m and 1 well (4.76%) have shown fall between 2-4 and 0 well (0%) have shown decline of>4 m. Effect of rainfall is directly reflected in all parts of the area monitored during November 2018. Almost all the valley areas are showing rise in the water levels in all districts of Kashmir valley. (Figure 12)

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Page | 27 Table 7: CATEGORIZATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2018 and NOVEMBER 2018 District No. Of Range of No. of Wells Showing Percentage of wells Showing Total wells Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation No. Of Analyzed Wells Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 > 4 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 > 4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall Jammu 70 0.13 8.40 0.07 7.40 35 17 5 10 0 3 50.00 24.29 7.14 14.29 0.00 4.29 57 13 Kathua 31 0.33 13.14 0.07 3.76 16 5 8 1 1 0 51.61 16.13 25.81 3.23 3.23 0.00 29 2 Rajouri 18 0.55 5.80 8 6 4 0 0 0 44.44 33.33 22.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 18 0

Reasi 6 0.72 2.90 2.36 4 1 0 0 1 0 66.67 16.67 0.00 0.00 16.67 0.00 5 1

Samba 34 0.43 9.14 0.34 9.75 19 7 5 1 0 2 55.88 20.59 14.71 2.94 0.00 5.88 31 3 Udhampur 17 0.62 9.64 0.56 7 5 4 1 0 0 41.18 29.41 23.53 5.88 0.00 0.00 16 1 TOTAL 176 0.13 13.14 0.07 9.75 89 41 26 13 2 5 50.57 23.30 14.77 7.39 1.14 2.84 156 20

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Table 8: CATEGORIZATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN NOVEMBER 2017 AND MAY 2018 District No. Of Range of Fluctuation No. of Wells Showing Percentage of wells Showing Total wells (m) Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation No. Of Analyzed Wells

Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall

Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 > 4 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 > 4 0-2 2-4 >4

Anantnag 0

Barahmulla 8 0.28 7.49 7 0 1 0 0 0 87.50 0.00 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 0

Kupwara 8 0.03 2.53 1.96 2.82 3 3 0 1 1 0 37.50 37.50 0.00 12.50 12.50 0.00 6 2

Pulwama 3 0.74 1.41 0.04 2 0 0 1 0 0 66.67 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 2 1

Srinagar 2 0.18 0.27 2 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0 TOTAL 21 0.03 7.49 1.96 2.82 14 3 1 2 1 0 4.76 9.52 4.76 0.00 18 3

Page | 29 8.3 ANNUAL FLUCTUATION OF WATER LEVEL 8.3.1 May 2018 with respect to May 2017 Jammu Division: The water level data in respect of 176 National Hydrograph Stations for the month of May 2018 was analyzed. It was compared with those monitored during May 2017. Majority of the wells have shown rise in water levels. A total of 52 wells have shown rise and 124 wells have shown fall in water levels in the range of 0-2 m, 2-4 m and >4 m. Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018 and May 2017 is given in table 9. Rise is shown by 44 wells (25%) in the range of 0-2 m. 4 wells (2.27%) have registered rise from 2-4 m bgl and 4 wells (2.27%) are showing rise of >4 m. Among 124 wells showing fall, 104 wells (59.09%) have shown fall in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 14 wells (7.95%) have shown fall between 2-4 m, and 6 (3.41%) wells have shown fall of >4 m. Major parts of all the districts, i.e., Jammu, Kathua and Samba, have shown decline in water levels in all range and some pockets have shown rise in water level. Decline in water levels in the range of 0-2 m is observed in major portions of all the districts. All the districts have registered rise in water levels at few locations, few parts in all districts have shown decline >4m (Figure 13). Kashmir Division: Monitoring not carried out. 8.3.2 August 2018 and August 2017 Jammu Division: For analyzing the annual fluctuation, the water level data in respect of 169 National Hydrograph Network Stations for the month of August 2018 were analyzed and compared with the water levels of August 2017. Categorization of changes in water level between August 2017 and August 17 is given in table 10. A total of 67 wells have shown rise and 102 wells have shown fall in water levels. Rise is shown by 61 wells (36.09%) in the range of 0-2 m, 4 wells (2.37%) in the range of 2-4 m bgl and 2 wells (1.18%) have registered rise of>4 m. Among 102 wells showing decline, a total of 82 wells (48.52%) have registered fall in the range of 0-2 m, 16 well (9.47%) have shown fall between 2- 4 m and 4 wells (2.37%) have shown fall of >4 m. Jammu division is showing rise as well as decline in water levels in all districts. The decline in the range of 0 – 2 m has been observed in major parts in Jammu, Kathua and Samba districts. A few portions of all the districts have shown rise in water levels in eastern areas of Jammu north and southern samba and western and eastern patches of Kathua districts (Figure 14). Kashmir Division: Monitoring of water levels not carried out. 8.3.3 November 2018 and November 2017 Jammu Division: The water level data, in respect of 218 National Hydrograph Stations for the month of November 2018 was analyzed. It was compared with those monitored during November 2017. Majority of the wells have shown rise in water levels. A total of 143 wells have

Page | 30 shown rise and 75 wells have shown fall in water levels. Categorization of changes in water level between November 2018 and November 2017 is given in table 11. Rise is shown by 130 wells (59.63%) in the range of 0-2 m. 11 wells (5.05%) have recorded rise in the range of 2-4 m bgl and only 2 well (0.92%) has shown rise of >4 m. Among 75 wells showing fall, 64 wells (29.36%) have shown fall in the range of 0-2 m. 5 wells (2.29%) have shown fall between 2-4 m, and 6 (2.75%) wells have shown fall of >4 m. Major parts of all the districts have shown decline in water levels in the range of 0-2 m and some pockets have shown rise in water level in Jammu district. Fall of water levels in the range of 0- 2 m has been observed in major portions and rise is shown in few portions of Jammu. Major parts of Samba and Kathua district have shown rise in 0-2m with few exceptions in northern and southern western Samba, and north eastern parts of Kathua district (Figure 15). Kashmir Division: The water level data, in respect of 22 National Hydrograph Stations for the month of November 2018 was analyzed. It was compared with those monitored during November 2017. Majority of the wells have shown rise in water levels. A total of 14 wells have shown rise and 8 wells have shown fall in water levels. Categorization of changes in water level between November 2018 and November 17 is given in table 11. Rise is shown by 12 wells (54.55%) in the range of 0-2 m. 2 wells (9.09%) have recorded rise in the range of 2-4 m bgl and 0 well (0 %) has shown rise of >4 m. Among 8 wells showing fall, 7 wells (31.82%) have shown fall in the range of 0-2 m. 1 well (4.55%) have shown fall between 2- 4 m, and 0 (0%) wells have shown fall of >4 m. In Kashmir valley the major parts of all the districts have shown rising trends except at few locations in Baramulla and Anantnag districts where decline is recorded (Figure 16). 8.3.4 January 2019 and January 2018 Jammu Division: The water level data, in respect of 170 National Hydrograph Stations for the month of January 2019 was analyzed. It was compared with those monitored during January 2018. Majority of the wells have shown rise in water levels. A total of 87 wells have shown rise and 83 wells have shown fall in water levels. Categorization of changes in water level between January 2019 and January 2018 is given in table 12. Rise is shown by 82 wells (48.24%) in the range of 0-2 m. 1 wells (0.59%) have recorded rise in the range of 2-4 m bgl and 4 wells (2.35%) have shown rise of >4 m. Among 83 wells showing fall, 77 wells (45.29%) have shown fall in the range of 0-2 m, 4 wells (2.35%) have shown fall between 2-4m, and 2 well (1.18%) has shown fall of >4 m. In Jammu district, decline as well as rise in water levels in the range of 0-2 m has been observed equally in entire areas except few portions. Some pockets have shown rise in water level > 2 m whereas major parts in Samba district

Page | 31 has registered decline in range of 0-2m. In southern and north eastern parts of Jammu district, decline of more than 2m was also observed. Major parts including central and northern areas of Kathua district has registered decline within range of 0- 2m with few patches above 2m rise i.e. in southern and north western areas of Kathua district. In northern and western parts of samba decline of 0-2 m was observed (Figure 17).

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Page | 34 Table 9: CATEGORIZATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2017 AND MAY 18

District No. Of Range of Percentage of wells Showing Total No. wells Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation Of Wells Analyzed DIVISION Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4

Jammu 69 0.18 9.90 0.09 6.05 18.84 2.90 2.90 66.67 5.80 2.90 17 52 Kathua 28 0.12 3.48 0.47 4.42 57.14 3.57 0.00 21.43 14.29 3.57 17 11 Rajouri 20 0.42 1.95 0.07 5.56 15.00 0.00 0.00 75.00 5.00 5.00 3 17 Jammu Reasi 6 0.41 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.67 33.33 0.00 0 6 DIVISION Samba 36 0.11 8.85 0.04 4.83 30.56 0.00 5.56 55.56 2.78 5.56 13 23 Udhampur 17 0.45 3.93 0.01 2.64 5.88 5.88 0.00 76.47 11.76 0.00 2 15 Total 176 0.11 9.90 0.01 6.05 25.00 2.27 2.27 59.09 7.95 3.41 52 124

Table 10: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN AUGUST 2017 AND AUGUST 18 District No. Of Range of Percentage of wells Showing Total No. wells Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation Of Wells

Analyzed DIVISION Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max Min Max 0 – 2 2–4 > 4 0 – 2 2 – 4 > 4 Rise Fall

Jammu 52 0.04 2.95 0.03 4.85 17.31 3.85 0.00 71.15 3.85 3.85 11 41 Kathua 31 0.06 1.75 0.13 3.03 54.84 0.00 0.00 41.94 3.23 0.00 17 14 Rajouri 25 0.04 3.88 0.08 3.67 40.00 4.00 0.00 44.00 12.00 0.00 11 14 Jammu Reasi 9 0.01 0.43 0.03 1.12 44.44 0.00 0.00 55.56 0.00 0.00 4 5 Samba 30 0.23 9.04 0.05 3.09 0.00 3.33 6.67 0.00 33.33 6.67 18 12 Udhampur 22 0.03 0.95 0.03 1.78 27.27 0.00 0.00 72.73 0.00 0.00 6 16 Total 169 0.01 9.04 0.03 4.85 36.09 2.37 1.18 48.52 9.47 2.37 67 102

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Table 11: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN NOV. 2017 AND NOV. 2018 District No. Of Range of Percentage of wells Showing Total wells Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation No. Of Analyzed Wells DIVISION Rise Fall Rise Fall MinMax Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 RiseFall

Kashmir Anantnag 1 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 0 1 Baramulla 8 0.10 2.92 0.02 0.08 37.50 25.00 0.00 37.50 0.00 0.00 5 3

Kupwara 9 0.04 0.26 0.10 0.20 66.67 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 6 3

Pulwama 2 0.04 0.21 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0

Srinagar 2 0.12 0.37 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

Total 22 0.04 2.92 0.02 0.20 54.55 9.09 0.00 31.82 4.55 0.00 14 8

Jammu Jammu 84 0.01 4.04 0.02 6.16 55.95 3.57 1.19 30.95 2.38 5.95 51 33 Kathua 37 0.03 2.03 0.03 2.47 54.05 2.70 0.00 40.54 2.70 0.00 21 16

Rajouri 29 0.03 3.13 0.20 0.94 79.31 6.90 0.00 13.79 0.00 0.00 25 4

Reasi 8 0.14 1.70 0.10 3.57 75.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 12.50 0.00 6 2

Samba 36 0.09 3.74 0.11 14.05 47.22 5.56 0.00 41.67 2.78 2.78 19 17

Udhampur 24 0.17 4.38 0.15 0.61 70.83 12.50 4.17 12.50 0.00 0.00 21 3

Total 218 0.01 4.38 0.02 14.05 59.63 5.05 0.92 29.36 2.29 2.75 143 75

Table 12: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN JANUARY 2018 & JANUARY 19 Total Range of Percentage of wells Showing No. Of Fluctuation (m) Fluctuation No. Of Wells DIVISION District wells Analyzed Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max MinMax 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall

Jammu 68 0.02 11.61 0.01 3.69 39.71 1.47 4.41 50.00 2.94 1.47 31 37

Kathua 31 0.03 1.55 0.08 1.97 70.97 0.00 0.00 29.03 0.00 0.00 22 9

Rajouri 27 0.01 1.30 0.17 4.05 29.63 0.00 0.00 62.96 3.70 3.70 8 19

Jammu Reasi 6 0.08 0.54 0.34 1.09 66.67 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 4 2 Samba 36 0.07 4.10 0.03 1.29 55.56 0.00 2.78 41.67 0.00 0.00 21 15

Udhampur 2 0.04 2.03 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 1 1

Total 170 0.01 11.61 0.01 4.05 48.24 0.59 2.35 45.29 2.35 1.18 87 83

Page | 36 8.4 DECADAL MEAN WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION 8.4.1 May 2018 with respect to mean of May 2008 – May 2017 The water level fluctuation for the month of May 2018 Vs. (Mean of May 2008 – May 2017 has been worked out in respect of 159 observation wells. It is observed that a total of 62 wells have shown rise and 97 wells have shown decline in water level (especially in Kandi areas of Outer plains). Categorization of changes in water level between May 2018 to decadal mean (May 2008- May 2017) is given in table 13. Out of 62 number of wells showing rise, 53 wells (33.33%) have shown rise less than 2 m, 9 wells (5.66%) have shown rise from 2-4 m and 0 (0%) wells have shown rise of > 4 m. Out of 97 wells showing fall, 89 wells (55.97%) have shown fall in the range of 0-2 m, 6 wells (3.77%) have shown fall between 2-4 m and 2 wells (1.26%) have shown fall of >4 m. All of the areas monitored have shown rise as well as decline in water levels in all ranges in Jammu Division. In Jammu district, the rise in range of 0-2m was found in the South western parts, where as in rest areas declining trend is shown in all range. In Samba district, the rise of 0-2 m and 2-4m was observed in middle parts except few patches of north western where decline of 0- 2m was recorded. In Kathua western areas and eastern parts shows declined while rest of the area shows rise in water levels. (Figure 18) 8.4.2 August 2018 with respect to mean of August 2008– August 2017 The water level fluctuation for the month of August 2018 Vs. (Mean of August 2008 – August 2017 has been worked out in respect of 115 observation wells. It is observed that a total of 60 wells have shown rise and 55 wells have shown decline in water level. Categorization of changes in water level between August 2018 to decadal mean (Aug. 2008-Aug. 2017) is given in table 14. Out of 60 number of wells showing rise, 55 wells (47.83%) have shown rise less than 2 m, 3 wells (2.61%) have shown rise from 2-4 m whereas 2 wells (1.74%) have shown rise of > 4 m. Out of 55 wells showing fall, 49 wells (42.61%) have shown fall in the range of 0-2 m, 5 wells (4.35%) have shown fall between 2-4 m and 1 well (0.87%) has shown fall of >4 m bgl. Major portions in Jammu Division have shown rise within 0-2m range. Rest of the area also shows decline in the range of 0-2m with a few exceptions where fall of more than 2m was also observed. Rise in the range of 0-2m was observed in major portions of Jammu especially south western and southern areas of Jammu, and middle and north eastern areas of Samba and entire Kathua district with few patches in southern parts where decline of up to 2m was observed. In Jammu especially in northern and north western parts have registered decline of >2m while in small portions fall of >4m was also recorded. In samba central and north western parts decline of up to 2m was also observed (Figure 19).

Page | 37 8.4.3 November 2018 with respect to mean of November 2008 – November 2017 The water level fluctuation for the month of November 2018 w.r.t. (mean of November 2008 to November 2017) has been worked out in respect of 121 observation wells. It is observed that a total of 72 wells have shown rise and 49 wells have shown decline in water levels. Categorization of changes in water level between November 2018 to decadal mean (November 2008-November 2017) is given in table 15. Out of 72 number of wells showing rise, 69 wells (57.02%) are showing rise less than 2 m, 3 wells (2.48%) have shown rise from 2-4 m and 0 wells (0%) have shown rise of more than 4 m. Out of 49 wells, which are showing fall, 44 wells (36.36%) have shown fall in water levels in the range of 0-2 m, 4 wells (3.31%) have shown fall between 2-4 m and 1 well (0.83%) have shown fall of >4 m. Decline in water levels was observed in major portions of all the districts of Jammu Division. A few areas have shown rise in water levels above 0- 2m i.e. in western and north western areas of Jammu district. Rise in the range of 0 – 2 m is shown in central southern and eastern parts of samba, western and middle parts in Kathua district. Decline above 2m is shown in a very small southern portion of Jammu and extreme eastern portion of Kathua district (Figure 20). 8.4.4 January 2019 with respect to mean of January 2009 – January 2018 The water level fluctuation for the month of January 2019 w.r.t. (mean of January 2009 to January 2018) has been worked out in respect of 106 observation wells. It is observed that a total of 65 wells have shown rise and 41 wells have shown decline in water levels. Changes in water level between January 2019 and decadal mean (January 2009-January 2018) is given in table 16. Out of 65 number of wells showing rise, 56 wells (52.83%) have shown rise less than 2 m, 9 wells (8.49%) have shown rise from 2-4 m and 0 well (0 %) have shown rise of more than 4 m. Out of 41 wells showing fall in water levels, 38 wells (35.85%) have shown fall in the range of 0- 2 m, 2 wells (1.89%) has shown fall between 2-4 m and 1 well (0.94%) has shown fall of >4 m. In Jammu Division, decline as well as rise is in water levels equally observed in all the districts of Jammu Division. Decline of 0-2m has been registered in western parts of Jammu, eastern areas of Samba and major portions in central and western areas of Kathua district. Rise of 0-2m was registered in entire Jammu except few parts, western areas of samba district and central and small portion of north eastern area in Kathua District (Figure 21).

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Page | 40 Table 13: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2018 AND DECADAL MEAN (MAY 2008-MAY 2017) District No. Of wells Range of Fluctuation (m) Percentage of wells Showing Fluctuation Total No. Of Analyzed Wells

Rise Fall Rise Fall

Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall

Jammu 63 0.03 3.24 0.02 5.28 19.05 1.59 0.00 69.84 6.35 3.17 13 50

Kathua 24 0.06 2.49 0.45 2.00 50.00 8.33 0.00 41.67 0.00 0.00 14 10

Rajouri 26 0.01 3.52 0.03 3.06 38.46 11.54 0.00 42.31 7.69 0.00 13 13

Reasi 7 0.78 0.83 0.02 1.48 28.57 0.00 0.00 71.43 0.00 0.00 2 5

Samba 27 0.05 2.59 0.02 0.70 48.15 3.70 0.00 48.15 0.00 0.00 14 13

Udhampur 12 0.01 2.42 0.05 0.95 33.33 16.67 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 6 6 TOTAL 159 0.01 3.52 0.02 5.28 33.33 5.66 0.00 55.97 3.77 1.26 62 97

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Table 14: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN AUGUST 2018 AND DECADAL MEAN (AUGUST 2008- 2017) District No. Of Range of Fluctuation (m) Percentage of wells Showing Fluctuation Total No. wells Of Wells Analyzed Rise Fall Rise Fall

Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall

Jammu 25 0.15 0.76 0.16 4.25 32.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 4.00 4.00 8 17

Kathua 26 0.04 3.44 0.01 0.80 61.54 11.54 0.00 26.92 0.00 0.00 19 7

Rajouri 23 0.14 1.49 0.18 3.70 34.78 0.00 0.00 52.17 13.04 0.00 8 15

Reasi 8 0.10 0.91 0.24 0.56 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 4 4

Samba 20 0.03 8.11 0.02 2.98 60.00 0.00 10.00 25.00 5.00 0.00 14 6

Udhampur 13 0.01 0.66 0.04 1.04 53.85 0.00 0.00 46.15 0.00 0.00 7 6 TOTAL 115 0.01 8.11 0.01 4.25 47.83 2.61 1.74 42.61 4.35 0.87 60 55

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Table 15: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN NOVEMBER 2018 AND DECADAL MEAN (NOVEMBER 2008-2017)

District No. Of wells Range of Fluctuation (m) Percentage of wells Showing Fluctuation Total No. Of Analyzed Wells

Rise Fall Rise Fall

Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall

Jammu 36 0.03 1.29 0.01 4.47 36.11 0.00 0.00 52.78 8.33 2.78 13 23

Kathua 27 0.05 2.48 0.10 3.00 62.96 3.70 0.00 29.63 3.70 0.00 18 9

Rajouri 23 0.02 2.10 0.30 1.40 60.87 4.35 0.00 34.78 0.00 0.00 15 8

Reasi 6 0.16 0.66 0.40 2.90 66.67 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 4 2

Samba 15 0.10 1.61 0.33 1.64 66.67 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 10 5

Udhampur 14 0.25 3.24 0.53 0.87 78.57 7.14 0.00 14.29 0.00 0.00 12 2 TOTAL 121 0.02 3.24 0.01 4.47 57.02 2.48 0.00 36.36 3.31 0.83 72 49

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Table 16: CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN JANUARY 2019 AND DECADAL MEAN (JANUARY 2009- 2018) District No. Of wells Range of Fluctuation (m) Percentage of wells Showing Fluctuation Total No. Analyzed Of Wells

Rise Fall Rise Fall

Min Max Min Max 0-2 2-4 >4 0-2 2-4 >4 Rise Fall

Jammu 28 0.12 2.16 0.22 10.40 75.00 3.57 0.00 17.86 0.00 3.57 22 6

Kathua 26 0.09 2.64 0.13 3.35 30.77 3.85 0.00 57.69 7.69 0.00 9 17

Rajouri 27 0.09 2.86 0.20 1.28 70.37 18.52 0.00 11.11 0.00 0.00 24 3

Reasi 5 0.27 3.69 0.11 0.79 20.00 20.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 2 3

Samba 18 0.01 2.53 0.03 1.51 33.33 5.56 0.00 61.11 0.00 0.00 7 11

Udhampur 2 1.82 0.39 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 TOTAL 106 0.01 3.69 0.03 10.40 52.83 8.49 0.00 35.85 1.89 0.94 65 41

Page | 44 9. HYDROCHEMISTRY The quality of shallow ground water in the state of Jammu & Kashmir has been evaluated on the basis of 247 number of water samples collected from shallow aquifers during pre-monsoon season. All the collected samples were analyzed by adopting standard methods of analysis (APHA). Chemical analysis data of ground water samples collected during May 2016 monitoring in valley portions of Jammu & Kashmir state is given in Annexure – III & IV. 9.1 Results and Discussions 9.1.1 Specific Conductance

Electrical Conductivity of ground water is generally low. Majority of samples (85.42%) are found to have specific conductance less than 750 µS/cm at 25oC (Table 17). Hence the ground water is fresh and potable. In Jammu division, specific conductance varies between 220 and 2700 µS/cm at 25oC. More than 3000 µS/cm is not observed in any sample. In Kashmir Division, specific conductance varies between 250 and 810 µs/cm at 25oC. Major parts of the valley areas are showing EC values <1000 µs/cm.

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Page | 46 9.1.2 pH In Jammu DIVISION water is neutral to alkaline in nature. Most of the samples collected from shallow ground water of Jammu district are alkaline in nature. In Jammu Division, pH values vary between 6.62 (Kothey Saini) and 8.63 (Jhangar) and in Kashmir Division pH values vary between 7.02 (Chowgal) to 8.16 (Aripathan)

Page | 47 9.1.3 Chloride In Jammu Division, the Chloride concentration varies from 4 to 284mg/l. In Kashmir valley area the Chloride concentration is less than 200 mg/l. It varies from 11 mg/l to 145 mg/l. The Chloride concentrations in all the wells are within the maximum permissible limit 1000 mg/l as prescribed by BIS for drinking water purpose. In majority of samples (98.78%) chloride concentration are less than 250, but at few places high values (but < 300) are also observed. None of the samples has shown Chloride concentration >1000 mg/l (Table 17).

Page | 48 9.1.4 Fluoride The concentrations of fluoride in majority of the samples (99.59 %) are within acceptable limit of 1 mg/l. In 1 location (0.40 % of the total samples) the fluoride concentrations vary from 1.01 – 1.50 mg/l and are within permissible limit as prescribed by BIS. None shows > 1.50 mg/l fluoride concentration. Those samples are having high fluoride concentration, which may be due to Geogenic sources (Table17).

Page | 49 9.1.5 Nitrate Nitrate Concentration in general is low (90.28% samples), but high values are also reported in some of the samples (9.71%). The details of samples having Nitrate concentration more than maximum permissible limit of BIS (>45mg/l) are summarized in the table 17 and 18. Table 17 Ground Water Quality during May 2016 S.No. Parameters samples Permissible Ranges No. of Percentage analyzed limit Samples % Sp. 247 -- <250 13 5.26 Conductance 250-750 198 80.16 1 µs/cm at 25oC 750-2000 34 13.76 >2000 02 0.80 Chloride (mg/l) 247 250-1000 <250 244 98.78 2 >250 03 1.21

Fluorid (mg/l) 247 1.50 mg/l <1.00 246 99.59 3 1.01- 1 0.40 1.50 0 00 >1.50 Nitrate 247 45 mg/l <45 223 90.28 4 (mg/l) >45 24 9.71 Iron 247 1.0 mg/l < 1.0 201 81.37 5 (mg/l) > 1.0 46 18.62

Table 18. Samples having Nitrate concentration more than permissible limit S. No. District Nitrate > 45 (mg/l) 1 Jammu 15 2 Kathua 5 3 Rajouri 1 4 Udhampur 3 5 Kashmir Valley 0

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Page | 51 9.1.6 Calcium Calcium concentration varies from 2 to 136 mg/. The Calcium concentrations in all the wells are within the maximum permissible limit up to 200 mg/l as prescribed by BIS for drinking water purpose. In majority of samples (223 samples), calcium concentration are less than 75mg/l i.e. within acceptable limits whereas 24 samples with high values (but < 200 mg/l within permissible limits) are also observed. None of the samples has shown calcium concentration >150 mg/l.

Page | 52 9.1.7 Magnesium The Magnesium concentration varies from 2 to 236 mg/. The magnesium concentrations in all the wells are within the maximum permissible limit up to 30 mg/l as prescribed by BIS for drinking water purpose. In majority of samples (144 samples), magnesium concentration are less than 30 mg/l i.e. within desirable limits whereas 97 samples with high values (but < 100 mg/l within permissible limits) are also observed. 6 samples have shown magnesium concentration >100 mg/l.

Page | 53 9.1.8 Total Hardness High concentration of carbonates, bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in ground water causes hardness. It causes scaling in water supply lines. High concentration of hardness in ground water is social economic problem; hence it is also an important water quality parameter. The ranges of Hardness are shown in table 19 Classification of Hardness As per the classification of hardness, 158 samples fall under very hard category and 62 wells fall in hard category. Rest Samples 3 and 24 samples are soft and moderately hard in Category. In Kashmir Valley 8 falls in hard and 13 very hard in nature. As per the BIS norms 200 and 600 mg/l is the acceptable and maximum permissible limit respectively for drinking water purposes. It is clear that all samples are within the maximum permissible limit (i.e. 600 mg/l), except few locations where high value of total Hardness > 600 mg/l is observed. District Wise Range of Hardness during May 2016 is summarized in table 20. Table 19 Ground water samples summarized as per classification of Hardness

S. No District No of Soft (0- Moderate Hard (121- Very Hard Samples 60) (61-120) 180) more than mg/l mg/l mg/l 180 mg/l

1 Jammu 86 00 05 (5.81%) 18 (20.09%) 63 (73.25%)

2 Kathua 51 00 (0%) 00 (0%) 5 (9.80%) 46 (90.19%)

3 Rajouri 43 03 (6.97%) 15 (34.88%) 22 (51.16%) 03 (6.97%)

4 Udhampur 45 00 (0%) 03 (6.66%) 09 (20.00%) 33 (73.33%)

5 Kashmir Valley 22 00 (0%) 01 (4.54%) 8 (36.36%) 13 (59.09%)

Total 247 03 24 62 158

Percentage 1.21 9.71 25.10 63.96

Table 20 District Wise Range of Hardness during May 2016

S. No District Range of Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 1 Jammu 111-835 2 Kathua 150-1040 3 Rajouri 20-280 4 Udhampur 65-450 5 Kashmir Valley 120-385

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Page | 55 9.1.9 Sulphate Sulphate concentration varies from 0 to 485.9 mg/l. The sulphate concentrations in majority of wells are within the permissible limit (400 mg/l) whereas 4 samples have shown sulphate concentration >400 mg/l as prescribed by BIS for drinking water purpose. In 236 samples, sulphate concentration are less than 200mg/l i.e. within desirable limits whereas 7 samples with high values (but < 400 mg/l within permissible limits) are also observed.

Page | 56 9.1.10 Iron Out of 247 wells analyzed, high concentration of Iron i.e. greater than 1.0 mg/l has been reported in 46 (18.62 %) wells in parts of Jammu, Kathua, Rajouri, Reasi and Udhampur districts. Rest of wells 201 (81.37 %) is having iron concentration <1.0 mg/l with in desirable limit as per BIS in all the districts of Jammu and Kashmir Division. In Kashmir Division, Iron concentration above 1.00 mg/l has not been found in any of samples. The iron is due to iron bearing rocks/ minerals like Hematite, magnetite and its oxide which forms iron bacteria in anoxic conditions. Table 21. Samples having Iron concentration more than 0.3 mg/l of BIS S. No. District Iron >1.00 (mg/l) 1 Jammu 22 2 Kathua 10 3 Rajouri 6 4 Udhampur 7 5 Kashmir valley 0

Page | 57

Page | 58 10. RECOMMENDATIONS  Ground water in Jammu and Kashmir is fresh and potable in most of the areas. Water supply is mainly dependent on ground water whether it is spring source, shallow ground water or deep ground water. Ground water is the main source for surface water bodies in the form of base flow in lean periods. Proper protection measures need to be taken to avoid contamination of ground water.

 Even though salinity is not a major concern in the state, there are problems of ground water contamination like iron (Fe) (in Tertiary belt and in Kashmir valley), marshy gases (in shallow and deep aquifers of Kashmir valley), Fluoride in localized areas like in parts of Doda district. Nitrate contamination, Bacteriological contaminations, ground water pollution are due to pesticides/ fertilizers in agriculture and horticulture. The quality surveillance needs to be increased by State Government Organizations. Ground water quality shall be monitored once in a year for all major elements, trace metals and bacteriological contaminations.

 Most of the ground water is hard to very hard category causing gastro-intestinal problems. This type of water may be treated properly before supplying the water for drinking purposes.

 Deeper aquifers in both Jammu Division and Kashmir valley can be developed for mitigating the water supply requirements. Micro-level planning is required to develop these aquifers based on the available data of aquifer geometry, parameters and water resources. Groundwater from deeper aquifers in Kashmir valley consists of iron and marshy gasses which need to be treated properly before supplying the water. It is better to identify the iron free aquifers through scientific ground water exploration techniques couples with modern techniques of geophysics so that iron problem can be mitigated. Tube wells shall be constructed by tapping only iron free aquifers and avoiding iron rich aquifers through cement sealing and putting gravel pack only around the iron free aquifers.

 The reality of climate change is the most significant long term threat to water resources. In hilly region, water supply is still based on springs, where discharges of springs are drastically being reduced. Systematic enumeration/inventory of springs including its quality, snow water harvesting techniques and other available techniques are required to develop ground water resources on sustainable basis need to be

Page | 59 adopted.

 Fast developing urban & industrial areas need special attention/quality surveillance by the State government authorities. Proper monitoring for trace elements in industrial areas like Bari-Brahmana, Gangyal and other industrial areas located in Kashmir valley shall be taken up. Monitoring network stations shall be established all along the nalas and drains carrying industrial effluents.

 As the water supplies in Jammu city and parts of areas in Srinagar city are ground water based, proper well head protection measures need to be taken to avoid bacteriological contamination like coliform bacteria and E-coli.

 There is lack of proper sewage and sanitation in all over the state resulting into ground water and surface water contaminations. This issue need to be addressed immediately by the authorities. Village sewages shall be disposed off properly after proper treatment. In water logging areas, where ground water is being contaminated by polluted surface water, proper drainage shall be created for avoiding the water logging conditions.

 Ground water contamination by improper disposal of domestic and industrial solid wastes is of another concern. Special efforts shall be made to address this problem.

 There is an urgent need to take-up comprehensive studies on ground water quality of both shallow and deep ground waters analyzing major elements, heavy metals, pesticides, microbial contamination is the need of the hour. Areas identified in this report where higher concentrations of heavy metals, nitrates and fluorides need to be given special attentions.

 The existing data base on quality with different organizations like CGWB, PHED, State pollution control board, academic institutions like Jammu university and Kashmir university need to integrated and a comprehensive data base need to be established.

 Scientific research projects on ground water contamination especially geo-genic contamination like Iron, gasses and fluoride need to be taken up immediately.

 Proper management strategies need to be drawn up to combat the problems of geo- genic contamination. Cost effective community level treatment plants need to be established.

Page | 60  The treatment plants as recommended in this report shall be constructed with trained manpower as in charges so that these treatment plants may work efficiently for longer periods.

 As the ground water is hard to very hard type and consists of iron, proper treatment shall be followed before using this water for irrigation through modern irrigation methods like sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. This type of water may choke the sprinklers and drips.

Page | 61 ANNEXURE – I Depth to Water Level Data (KASHMIR REGION)

Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 1 Rambarpora ANANTNAG Dug Well 10.30 15.30 2 Aripanthan BARAMULA Dug Well 3.14 3 Binner BARAMULA Dug Well 3.27 4.25 4.15 4 Jambazpora BARAMULA Dug Well 2.08 2.98 2.18 5 Bomai BARAMULA Dug Well 1.34 1.69 2.15 6 Mirgund Silk Centre BARAMULA Dug Well 2.20 2.00 2.50 7 Sangrama BARAMULA Dug Well 1.74 2.04 2.05 8 Waripora BARAMULA Dug Well 0.75 5.00 5.32 9 Gandhasi bhat BARAMULA Dug Well 2.45 1.00 2.19 10 Badran BARAMULA Dug Well 4.00 3.50 3.44 11 Ranji BARAMULA Dug Well 2.05 1.42 2.48 12 Dusilpora BARAMULA Dug Well 3.65 4.15 2.39 13 Lolipora BARAMULA Dug Well 2.85 1.60 1.48 14 Authoora BARAMULA Dug Well 0.85 0.75 0.70 15 Mazbugh (Sopore) BARAMULA Dug Well 0.67 1.26 1.29 Ibrahim BARAMULA Dug Well 2.40 2.85 2.48 16 Colony (Sopore) 17 Saidpora BARAMULA Dug Well 0.95 0.35 0.33 Najar Mohalla BARAMULA Dug Well 1.60 1.86 1.72 18 Dangerpora 19 Mandji BARAMULA Dug Well 2.50 4.10 5.98 20 Uplna BARAMULA Dug Well 3.20 4.50 4.16 21 Hadipora BARAMULA Dug Well 5.35 5.55 3.10 22 Cherkot KUPWARA Dug Well 5.38 6.03 6.48 23 Gulgam KUPWARA Dug Well 1.66 1.31 3.72 24 Chowgal KUPWARA Dug Well 1.40 1.37 3.16 25 Dolipora KUPWARA Dug Well 3.88 5.53 2.05 26 Drugmulla KUPWARA Dug Well 5.10 4.90 2.18 27 Goose - II KUPWARA Dug Well 2.34 2.10 2.10 Handwara Almustafa KUPWARA Dug Well 28 colony 2 2.59 29 Khanpora KUPWARA Dug Well 2.41 2.56 2.54 Kupwara Main KUPWARA Dug Well 2.65 3.35 3.52 30 Chowk 31 Magam KUPWARA Dug Well 2.30 2.75 3.76 32 Trehgam KUPWARA Dug Well 1.79 3.14 4.52 33 Palpoora KUPWARA Dug Well 0.70 1.35 1.29 34 Hampora KUPWARA Dug Well 2.85 3.90 3.82 35 Wadipora KUPWARA Dug Well 3.20 4.85 4.77 36 Zachaldara KUPWARA Dug Well 6.50 6.30 6.92 37 Chanjmul KUPWARA Dug Well 4.85 5.85 6.10 38 Radbug KUPWARA Dug Well 1.45 1.65 1.48

Page | 62 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 39 Tarich KUPWARA Dug Well 2.40 3.05 3.10 40 Bramri KUPWARA Dug Well 2.25 2.20 2.18 41 Lassipora KUPWARA Dug Well 3.80 3.85 3.48 Mir Mohalla KUPWARA Dug Well 2.10 2.00 2.10 42 (Katyanwali) 43 Wasarkhoto KUPWARA Dug Well 2.55 2.35 2.33 44 Batpora Bala KUPWARA Dug Well 0.75 2.50 2.41 45 Taratpura KUPWARA Dug Well 1.95 1.90 1.81 46 Dohama KUPWARA Dug Well 4.10 3.65 4.25 47 Tral PULWAMA Dug Well 15.09 16.29 48 Sambura-Kakapura PULWAMA Dug Well 5.28 5.23 5.98 Urwan PULWAMA Dug Well 0.45 0.75 1.00 49 (Warwan) Rainawari Shatti SRINAGAR Dug Well 9.44 9.24 10.08 50 Padshahi Regal Chowk, SRINAGAR Dug Well 3.24 2.74 3.30 51 Srinagar

Page | 63 ANNEXURE – II Depth to Water Level Data for all Seasons (JAMMU REGION)

Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 1 Agre Chak JAMMU Dug well 4.21 1.89 3.08 2 Akhnoor (Batera) JAMMU Dug well 15.49 11.6 13.76 15.54 3 Alla JAMMU Dug well 4.08 2.94 3.42 4 Arnia JAMMU Dug well 10.07 8.22 5 Badsoo JAMMU Dug well dry 0.2 0.67 6 Bakore JAMMU Dug well 4.58 2.44 3.25 4.00 7 Baradow JAMMU Dug well 7.76 5.32 5.74 7.24 8 Batera JAMMU Dug well 10.36 6.3 3.59 9.55 9 Bega JAMMU Dug well 3.51 7.67 10 Bera JAMMU Dug well 1.49 6.69 11 Bhagwanachak JAMMU Dug well 28.26 12 Bishnah JAMMU Dug well 3.89 1.55 2.54 13 Chatta JAMMU Dug well 7.62 4.85 6.21 14 Chowki Chowra JAMMU Dug well 0.83 1.95 4.55 15 Devipur JAMMU Dug well 6.67 5.10 6.76 7.49 16 Dhanpur JAMMU Dug well 6.95 3.93 3.78 5.25 17 Dharam Khu JAMMU Dug well 24.79 24.6 23.81 24.49 18 Dhora JAMMU Dug well 2.44 2.67 1.90 19 Garhi (Jammu) JAMMU Dug well 7.68 5.85 7.49 20 Gajansoo JAMMU Dug well 3.7 1.64 2.9 2.23 21 Gho-Manhasan JAMMU Dug well 2.67 0.9 2.05 3.06 22 Gigrial JAMMU Dug well 4.24 2.6 2.98 3.44 23 Greater Kailash JAMMU Dug well 11.84 9.59 9.26 24 Gura JAMMU Dug well 13.18 10.20 11.93 13.96 25 Hamirpur Kohna JAMMU Dug well 3.96 2.1 2.4 3.44 26 Hamirpur Sidhar JAMMU Dug well 4.28 2.76 2.98 3.45 27 Hazuribag JAMMU Dug well dry 7.73 28 Jagati JAMMU Dug well 2.96 1.27 0.17 29 Jaswan JAMMU Dug well dry 3.9 4.4 4.09 30 Jhiri JAMMU Dug well 5.03 4.30 5.99 6.18 31 Jindrah JAMMU Dug well dry 13.85 32 Jogwan JAMMU Dug well 4.23 5.43 5.66 6.13 33 Jourian JAMMU Dug well 5.81 2.15 2.71 4.47 34 Kachrial JAMMU Dug well 2.63 3.50 3.25 1.55 35 Kalah JAMMU Dug well 3.76 1.68 1.95 3.02 36 Kamila JAMMU Dug well 5.52 4.40 4.56 4.91 37 Kana Chak JAMMU Dug well 4.15 2.20 3.35 3.07 38 Kangar JAMMU Dug well 6.46 2.48 13.86 7.06 39 Karnaile Chak JAMMU Dug well 8.05 6.40 8.11 40 Katcha-Pind Dansal JAMMU Dug well 3 1.95 2.15

Page | 64 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 41 Khairi (Raipur) JAMMU Dug well 10.31 3.10 4.28 4.99 42 Khanpur Nagrota JAMMU Dug well 7.24 43 Khour JAMMU Dug well dry 1.97 2.74 3.76 44 Kot Kaswal JAMMU Dug well 4.91 0.3 0.55 45 Kothey Saini JAMMU Dug well 6.87 3.63 4.18 46 Kotli Charkan JAMMU Dug well 4.91 2.76 3.49 47 Kunihala JAMMU Dug well 2.50 1.06 1.64 48 Lalyal JAMMU Dug well 4.08 3.03 3.40 49 Lam JAMMU Dug well 2.31 1.85 2.18 2.18 50 Laswara JAMMU Dug well 2.91 1.32 1.76 51 Leherian JAMMU Dug well 9.75 8.28 9.03 8.90 52 Makwal JAMMU Dug well 3.36 2.72 53 Marh JAMMU Dug well 1.63 1.74 2.36 2.44 54 Mothlian Kalan JAMMU Dug well 13.56 7.53 5.09 55 Miran Sahib JAMMU Dug well 7.5 8.2 6.72 56 Muthi JAMMU Dug well 2.65 1.06 1.39 1.50 57 Nagbani JAMMU Dug well 4.33 1.25 2.9 3.70 58 Nagrota (Sittlei) JAMMU Dug well 3.2 59 Nagrota (Uttarbani) JAMMU Dug well 10.47 4.95 5.49 6.20 60 Nagrota (Kandoli) JAMMU Dug well 5.87 3.2 61 Nandpur JAMMU Dug well dry 2.6 62 Nikowal JAMMU Dug well 5.57 4.3 5.06 63 Painthi JAMMU Dug well 8.06 4.76 6.04 5.12 64 Pallanwala JAMMU Dug well 2.56 2.14 1.3 1.68 65 Palatan JAMMU Dug well 2.51 1.49 1.61 1.99 66 Pangli Colony JAMMU Dug well 3.7 1.10 1.63 2.89 67 Pata Khu JAMMU Dug well 22.89 18.82 21.53 21.92 68 Patyale Chak JAMMU Dug well closed 2.50 3.22 3.60 69 Purkhoo JAMMU Dug well 19.56 16.40 16.91 7.35 70 Poal JAMMU Dug well 4.35 2.22 3.15 71 Rangoora JAMMU Dug well 3.59 0.96 1.01 72 Rehal JAMMU Dug well dry 4.13 4.95 73 Sajwal JAMMU Dug well 3.21 1.15 2.41 2.99 74 Salehar JAMMU Dug well 3.9 2.33 4.42 75 Sandhwan JAMMU Dug well dry 2.4 3.29 3.29 76 Satwari JAMMU Dug well dry 9.93 10.86 77 Sei Khurd JAMMU Dug well 4.95 4.08 4.25 78 Senth JAMMU Dug well 3.61 1.43 1.8 2.18 79 Shame Chak JAMMU Dug well 6.46 3.45 5.06 5.51 80 Sidhra JAMMU Dug well 4.77 2.4 2.77 23.80 81 Sobka JAMMU Dug well dry 21.31 82 Sohanjana JAMMU Dug well 4.17 3.16 3.56

Page | 65 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 83 Suchetgarh-II JAMMU Dug well 0.8 2.18 2.57 84 Sugetar JAMMU Dug well dry 1.00 3 85 Sumah JAMMU Dug well 3.8 3 3.64 3.20 86 Surinsar JAMMU Dug well 2.31 0.2 0.14 87 Tanda Sheoda JAMMU Dug well 1.03 1.6 3.03 88 Taryai JAMMU Dug well 35.5 35.40 36.1 36.43 89 Upperla kanhal JAMMU Dug well dry 2.49 3.56 90 Uttarbani JAMMU Dug well 1.87 1.62 2.06 1.89 91 Barni KATHUA Dug well 6.7 5.72 5.21 92 Bhagwal KATHUA Dug well 25.37 13.04 19.46 93 Billawar KATHUA Dug well NA 3.05 1.03 94 Chak hariya KATHUA Dug well 3.32 7.31 1.5 1.73 95 Chann Khatrian KATHUA Dug well 14.65 3.98 6.69 96 Chan ranga KATHUA Dug well 15.36 2.1 8.79 11.57 97 Chapki Kalan KATHUA Dug well 20.78 1.39 7.64 13.01 98 Challan KATHUA Dug well 8.44 99 Chakara KATHUA Dug well 7.83 9.46 100 Feru chak KATHUA Dug well 9.19 1.44 1.91 5.06 101 Gond More KATHUA Dug well dry 0.7 2.1 1.77 102 Gangu chak KATHUA Dug well 3.15 2.03 2.17 103 Hore KATHUA Dug well 3.2 1 0.85 0.95 104 Jandi KATHUA Dug well 6.18 1.98 2.79 3.10 105 Jindore KATHUA Dug well 11.55 14.1 9.01 106 Karol Krishna KATHUA Dug well 8.95 7.25 7.51 7.45 107 Kathua KATHUA Dug well 2.38 0.64 1.02 108 Kerian Gandyal-II KATHUA Dug well dry 3.54 109 Kerian Ramnagar KATHUA Dug well dry 1.59 2.76 2.34 110 Khanpur KATHUA Dug well 2.96 1.52 1.57 1.54 111 Khukhial KATHUA Dug well 1.41 0.36 1.48 1.29 112 Konthal KATHUA Dug well 5.7 4.49 4.68 4.82 113 Kote punnu KATHUA Dug well 2.51 1.69 1.83 1.37 114 Kothian KATHUA Dug well 2.03 -0.07 0.19 1.28 115 Lakhanpur KATHUA Dug well 2.64 0.60 6.4 6.43 116 Lakri KATHUA Dug well 4.24 2.00 2.32 1.35 117 Londi KATHUA Dug well 6.37 4.77 5.27 5.22 118 Mandli KATHUA Dug well 2.45 0.95 1.82 1.93 119 Mukandpur KATHUA Dug well 4.5 3.92 3.80 120 Nagri KATHUA Dug well 3.2 0.94 2.39 2.22 121 Nagrota-Gujaroo KATHUA Dug well 9.6 3.10 5.06 6.36 Nanke Chak 122 (Sherpur) KATHUA Dug well 1.58 0.28 0.67 1.53 123 Pallan KATHUA Dug well dry 0.26 0.46 1.10 124 Pansar KATHUA Dug well 6.13 5.98 5.8 5.86

Page | 66 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 125 Patyari KATHUA Dug well dry 4.13 126 Patyari II KATHUA Dug well 6.62 1.56 2.15 2.32 127 Patiari KATHUA Dug well 3.63 7.12 128 Phinter KATHUA Dug well 7.5 1.84 4.39 6.39 129 Ramkot KATHUA Dug well 7.66 2.80 4.9 6.98 130 Rehian KATHUA Dug well 18.44 131 Saida KATHUA Dug well 7.84 1.75 2.80 132 Sumwan KATHUA Dug well 12.05 8.43 8.81 10.50 133 Ainpur RAJOURI Dug well 4.75 2.59 1.9 3.25 134 Bagnoti RAJOURI Dug well dry 3.35 4.99 5.62 135 Bajabain RAJOURI Dug well 4.05 2.59 3.5 136 Bakhar RAJOURI Dug well 3.33 1.03 1.41 1.90 137 Banpari RAJOURI Dug well 7.6 1.60 1.8 5.00 138 Bareri RAJOURI Dug well dry 0.96 2.4 5.50 139 Bhatta Mohra RAJOURI Dug well 3.2 1.30 0.7 1.72 140 Channi Parat RAJOURI Dug well dry 1.40 2.15 4.90 141 Chittiar RAJOURI Dug well dry 1.59 2.1 3.84 142 Chowki Handa RAJOURI Dug well dry 1.70 2.2 3.84 143 Darhal Quila RAJOURI Dug well dry 2.18 2.48 4.68 144 Dharamsal RAJOURI Dug well 5.9 1.8 4.70 145 Dhok Baniar RAJOURI Dug well 7.1 2.80 2.6 4.10 146 Ding RAJOURI Dug well 6.9 2.1 3.68 6.95 147 Dyala RAJOURI Dug well 3.45 2.20 2.5 2.70 148 Gagrote RAJOURI Dug well 6.5 2.64 4.6 4.90 149 Jabah RAJOURI Dug well 6.4 1.55 150 Jhangar RAJOURI Dug well 5.6 4.74 5.20 151 Kalal RAJOURI Dug well 5.1 4.55 4.45 152 Kalsian RAJOURI Dug well 3.6 0.87 1.1 2.50 Kangri (Grid 153 Station) RAJOURI Dug well dry 3.58 2.85 6.60 154 Lam RAJOURI Dug well dry 3.88 155 Laroka RAJOURI Dug well dry 1.17 2.70 156 Lower Kharak RAJOURI Dug well 2.45 1.43 1.8 3.24 157 Marchola RAJOURI Dug well dry 1.05 1.47 5.20 158 Narian RAJOURI Dug well dry 3.24 4.9 159 Naunihal RAJOURI Dug well dry 0.98 2.22 160 Panja RAJOURI Dug well 2.2 1.40 1.31 1.75 161 Pukharni RAJOURI Dug well 2.34 1.09 1.54 162 Potha RAJOURI Dug well 1.83 1.83 2.43 163 Rumli Dara RAJOURI Dug well 5.95 1.59 164 Salote RAJOURI Dug well 4.2 1.5 1.3 2.10 165 Seri RAJOURI Dug well dry 3.3 4.00 166 Sial RAJOURI Dug well dry 0.97 0.7 4.00

Page | 67 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 167 Siot RAJOURI Dug well dry 5.23 2.55 3.70 168 Solki RAJOURI Dug well 3.3 0.82 1.79 3.25 169 Thanda Paani RAJOURI Dug well 3.65 0.80 1.03 2.05 170 Tanda Seoda RAJOURI Dug well dry 171 Aliyah REASI Dug well 3.35 0.65 1.55 2.05 172 Bhamla REASI Dug well dry 2.39 2.25 8.02 173 Dadua REASI Dug well 4.75 1.73 1.85 2.08 174 Garan Jagir REASI Dug well 4 2.14 2.3 3.50 175 Katra REASI Dug well dry 1.29 176 Nanora REASI Dug well 3.5 1.65 2.1 1.63 177 Riasi REASI Dug well 25.71 25.27 28.07 178 Talwara REASI Dug well 5.42 3.30 4.7 179 Thangrot REASI Dug well dry 1.13 0.83 3.14 180 Bassi Kalan SAMBA Dug well 5.55 3.59 4.38 181 Bengular SAMBA Dug well 8.43 6.42 6.69 6.62 182 Birpur SAMBA Dug well 16.96 26.71 12.92 183 Channi SAMBA Dug well dry 0.1 184 Channi Mansar SAMBA Dug well 3.52 -0.15 3.7 185 Daboh SAMBA Dug well 5.04 2.71 1.47 3.83 186 Didyal SAMBA Dug well 1.93 -0.07 3.23 1.92 187 Gho-Rakwalan SAMBA Dug well 4.74 2.10 7.58 3.48 188 Gho-Brahamna SAMBA Dug well 8.32 7.30 2.8 7.79 189 Gudwal SAMBA Dug well 4.56 1.80 2.73 190 Kainthpur SAMBA Dug well 4.75 2.75 3.98 191 Khairi (Bishnah) SAMBA Dug well 3.83 1.92 2.75 Mahal Shah 192 Kalandrian SAMBA Dug well 4.68 1.98 3.75 4.20 193 Maheen Charkan SAMBA Dug well 12 7.83 8.84 194 Majua Laxmi SAMBA Dug well 3.93 2.85 3.73 195 Nud SAMBA Dug well 5.25 2.08 2.28 2.90 196 Palli SAMBA Dug well 2.69 1.86 2.05 197 Patli SAMBA Dug well 10.03 5.87 6.29 8.92 198 Raiyan SAMBA Dug well 12.11 13.3 17.08 18.44 199 Sadoh SAMBA Dug well 8.87 9.06 6.79 7.07 200 Sagoon SAMBA Dug well 3.05 1.2 1.85 201 Samba SAMBA Dug well 18.3 15.55 16.8 15.25 202 Supwal SAMBA Dug well 7.83 2.13 5.42 203 Swankha More SAMBA Dug well 21.59 12.66 20.44 20.52 204 Dulme Chak SAMBA Dug well 4.1 2.75 2.97 3.15 205 Jasath SAMBA Dug well 16.96 7.7 7.82 9.49 206 Kootah SAMBA Dug well 31.43 21.13 23.22 25.93 207 Lale Chak SAMBA Dug well 3.14 1.37 1.32 1.81 208 Lokli SAMBA Dug well 8.56 1.33 3.08 5.41

Page | 68 Sl No. Location District Structure May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 209 Madun SAMBA Dug well 3.55 1.85 2.17 1.85 210 Naran SAMBA Dug well 8.87 4.39 4.87 5.32 211 Nauni SAMBA Dug well 8.09 1.09 2.43 1.28 212 Nilcha SAMBA Dug well 12.75 10.58 8.79 10.96 213 Pangdour SAMBA Dug well 4.46 3.78 4.03 3.68 214 Phalora SAMBA Dug well 2.87 1.45 1.95 1.90 215 Raghu chak SAMBA Dug well 4.28 0.98 1.46 1.35 216 Sanoora SAMBA Dug well 1.3 0.9 1.64 0.76 217 Badola UDHAMPUR Dug well dry 1.40 1.58 218 Battal Ballian UDHAMPUR Dug well 6 3.80 3.58 219 Birmah UDHAMPUR Dug well 4.18 2.2 2.26 220 Dalsar UDHAMPUR Dug well dry 1.35 0.18 221 Dehari UDHAMPUR Dug well 2.31 1.38 0.45 222 Dhanu Kanal UDHAMPUR Dug well 1.82 0.27 0.6 223 Eastern Mand UDHAMPUR Dug well 5.67 0.95 1.15 224 Garhi (Udh) UDHAMPUR Dug well 2.35 1.50 1.5 225 Jallow UDHAMPUR Dug well 3.31 0.42 0.8 226 Jhakkar UDHAMPUR Dug well 8.78 0.75 1.74 227 Krimchi UDHAMPUR Dug well 1.3 228 Kotli Pain Megaini UDHAMPUR Dug well 1.34 0.7 0.72 229 Kuperlah UDHAMPUR Dug well 3.54 0.95 0.66 230 Manwall UDHAMPUR Dug well 4.47 5.60 5.03 231 Nagrota Panjgarain UDHAMPUR Dug well dry 1.48 1.46 232 Phangyal UDHAMPUR Dug well dry 1.70 1.6 233 Ramnagar UDHAMPUR Dug well 5.28 3.57 3.52 6.98 234 Ritti UDHAMPUR Dug well 0.51 0.27 235 Salabra UDHAMPUR Dug well 3.47 0.93 1.25 1.59 236 Seen Thakaran UDHAMPUR Dug well NA 2.10 2.94 237 Sunal UDHAMPUR Dug well 5.6 0.84 0.95 238 Talpad UDHAMPUR Dug well dry 0.90 0.58 239 Kahpotha UDHAMPUR Dug well 1.61 0.81 240 Upper Ban UDHAMPUR Dug well 10.89 0.57 1.25 241 Rakh Badali UDHAMPUR Dug well 4.75 0.1 1.46

Page | 69 ANNEXURE – III Result of Chemical Analysis of water samples of National Hydrograph Stations collected during May 2016 JAMMU REGION

Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location District Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C Sumah Jammu 1 DW 28-05-16 8.25 268 0 183 150 7 0 1.3 0 24 19 7 3 139 139 0 Leherian Jammu 2 DW 26-05-16 8.2 350 0 176.9 145 7 34 14.7 0.00 22 32 5 2.3 187 182 0 Hamirpur Sidhar Jammu 3 DW 26-05-16 7.72 511 0 280.6 230 7 0 0.0 0.20 54 16 8 13.54 202 266 0 Gigrial Jammu 4 DW 26-05-16 8.13 258 0 152.5 125 11 4 2.2 0.00 42 3 13 1.3 115 134 0 Palatan Jammu 5 DW 28-05-16 8.41 295 0 164.7 135 7 29 1.7 0.00 24 12 5 42.9 111 153 0.07 Baradow Jammu 6 DW 28-05-16 8.2 230 0 128.1 105 14 10 7.6 0.00 24 15 9 0.61 120 120 7.65 Jogwan Jammu 7 DW 28-05-16 8.28 298 0 115.9 95 25 38 0.1 0.00 32 7 24 4.78 111 155 6.75 Kalah Jammu 8 DW 26-05-16 8.24 266 0 140.3 115 18 45 2.2 0.00 30 23 8 2.14 168 138 0 Kachrial Jammu 9 DW 26-05-16 8.16 303 0 97.6 80 7 71 34.6 0.00 38 19 8 1.7 173 158 1.37 Pallanwala Jammu 10 DW 28-05-16 8.21 257 0 122 100 18 36 6.2 0.00 28 19 9 0.64 149 134 0.01 Gura (Akhnoor) Jammu 11 DW 26-05-16 8.27 430 0 170.8 140 36 42 28.3 0.00 24 33 27 1.2 197 224 0.03 Bhagwana Chak Jammu 12 DW 28-05-16 8.36 314 0 195.2 160 11 30 26.9 0.15 28 22 31 1.03 159 163 0 Devipur Jammu 13 DW 26-05-16 8.16 286 0 170.8 140 7 40 11.0 0.00 36 24 6 0.95 187 149 0 Khour Jammu 14 DW 26-05-16 8.17 305 0 85.4 70 36 46 9.2 0.00 38 13 11 3.01 149 159 0.02 Jhiri Jammu 15 DW 29-05-16 8.46 529 60 237.9 295 4 0 0.0 0.00 80 19 7 2.53 279 275 0 Senth Jammu 16 DW 26-05-16 8.45 230 30 79.3 115 4 12 0.7 0.00 26 11 9 2 111 120 3.35 Jourian Jammu 17 DW 26-05-16 8.2 433 0 134.2 110 64 10 47.5 0.00 40 19 30 4.24 178 225 0 18 Lam (Rajouri) Jammu DW 26-05-16 7.99 1602 0 305 250 46 467 127.1 0.00 86 73 162 30.5 514 833 0 Aknoor (Batera) Jammu 19 DW 27-05-16 8 399 0 85.4 70 11 127 11.7 0.00 52 20 5 3.3 211 207 0 Bakore Jammu 20 DW 26-05-16 8.04 345 0 237.9 195 43 27 0.5 0.00 56 30 9 0.75 264 179 3.53 Kana Chak Jammu 21 DW 29-05-16 8.18 309 0 170.8 140 14 0 9.8 0.00 28 20 5 1.99 154 161 0.11 Pangli Colony Jammu 22 DW 26-05-16 8.14 330 0 183 150 14 13 3.6 0.00 32 16 16 5.2 144 172 1.23 Dhanpur Jammu 23 DW 26-05-16 7.68 351 0 195.2 160 4 1 53.5 0.00 46 16 12 0.9 183 183 1.45 Taryai Jammu 24 DW 28-05-16 8.13 369 0 195.2 160 11 33 18.5 0.00 60 7 20 1.64 178 192 0 Patta Khu Jammu 25 DW 27-05-16 8.01 298 0 170.8 140 14 6 15.6 0.00 20 26 8 2.7 159 155 0

Page | 70 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C Muthi Jammu 26 DW 29-05-16 8.24 437 12 213.5 195 60 6 0.2 0.00 38 28 34 2.6 211 227 7.27 Marjholi Jammu 27 DW 27-05-16 8.35 253 0 122 100 39 0 8.7 0.00 26 19 6 2.56 144 132 0 Nagbani Jammu 28 DW 28-05-16 8.03 469 0 170.8 140 11 147 0.0 0.27 54 28 26 1.3 250 244 0.81 Purkhoo Jammu 29 DW 27-05-16 8.14 378 0 219.6 180 18 32 24.6 0.00 28 34 20 2.1 211 197 1.28 Gho-Manhasan Jammu 30 DW 29-05-16 7.7 691 0 366 300 36 75 4.3 0.00 70 43 37 1.08 351 359 0.03 Sandhwan Jammu 31 DW 29-05-16 7.65 725 0 427 350 14 47 4.0 0.00 44 48 37 27.2 308 377 0 Patyale Chak Jammu 32 DW 29-05-16 7.92 390 0 195.2 160 14 77 4.8 0.07 38 29 21 1.4 216 203 0 Gajansoo Jammu 33 DW 29-05-16 7.8 427 0 268.4 220 39 5 4.7 0.00 44 39 5 3.10 269 222 3.52 Marh Jammu 34 DW 30-05-16 8.33 422 18 109.8 120 39 68 0.0 0.00 18 30 23 21.1 168 219 6.75 Lower Barnai Jammu 35 DW 30-05-16 8.09 472 0 195.2 160 14 102 1.2 0.00 76 19 5 5.13 269 245 0.06 Sajwal Jammu 36 DW 29-05-16 7.84 432 0 280.6 230 7 32 0.0 0.00 62 24 4 7.33 255 225 2.76 Hamirpur Kohna Jammu 37 DW 26-05-16 7.81 1386 0 219.6 180 28 179 141.0 0.00 82 60 1 51.7 452 721 0.15 Sobka Jammu 38 DW 27-05-16 8.28 297 0 170.8 140 11 9 17.5 0.00 32 21 3 2.6 168 154 3.34 Batera Jammu 39 DW 27-05-16 8.13 220 0 97.6 80 18 9 86.7 0.00 50 11 6 2.5 168 114 0.55 Jammu 40 Dharam khu DW 27-05-16 8.16 284 0 158.6 130 7 54 7.7 0.00 30 27 5 2.4 187 148 0 Jaswan Jammu 41 DW 29-05-16 7.98 386 0 207.4 170 7 3 11.4 0.00 24 29 6 2.2 178 201 0.13 Khairi (Raipur) Jammu 42 DW 30-05-16 8.37 269 12 109.8 110 11 42 4.0 0.00 16 21 21 1.12 125 140 0 Kangar Jammu 43 DW 30-05-16 8.21 248 0 158.6 130 7 0 8.1 0.00 24 17 7 1.4 130 129 0.06 Hazuribag Jammu 44 DW 29-05-16 8.18 560 0 305 250 11 6 65.2 0.00 20 42 46 2.1 221 291 0.27 Shame Chak Jammu 45 DW 29-05-16 7.88 446 0 268.4 220 4 3 12.6 0.00 70 11 7 1.9 221 232 0.11 46 Arnia-II Jammu DW 24-05-16 6.93 2700 0 714 585 249 404.4999 166.0 0.99 130 44.992 217 399.5 510 1458 1.19 47 Allah Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.5 730 0 342 280 7 94.1 5.1 0.34 48 35.3 58 1.12 265 394 1.49 48 Agrechak Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.3 940 0 549 450 4 199.0 0.7 0.69 62 71.7 96 4.52 450 508 0.41 49 Bera Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.8 530 0 293 240 78 126.6 5.6 0.43 46 43.8 88 0.5 295 286 0.09 50 Bega Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.36 570 0 366 300 7 79.6 1.3 0.36 36 57.2 31 2.01 325 308 0.6 51 Bishnah Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.31 1880 0 824 675 146 262.8 142.5 0.99 78 73.0 122 399.5 495 1015 0.07 52 Bassi Kalan Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.38 700 0 342 280 25 74.9 11.6 0 32 60.8 33 1.21 330 378 0.87 53 Birpur Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.5 750 0 415 340 32 0.0 22.3 0.22 100 19.5 31 1.4 330 405 0

Page | 71 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 54 Channi Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.68 680 0 366 300 11 11.6 63.0 0.16 52 47.4 24 1.2 325 367 0.13 55 Didyal Jammu DW 24-05-16 6.85 660 0 378 310 25 11.9 20.2 0.11 30 46.2 48 3.98 265 356 0.63 56 Gho Brahmana Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.56 2200 0 580 475 252 485.9 58.2 0.25 68 161.7 237 27 835 1188 0 57 Gudwal Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.58 600 0 226 185 18 41.6 10.9 0.25 26 41.3 8 8.4 235 324 0.11 58 Gho Rakhwala Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.2 800 0 445 365 36 0.0 101.0 0.18 36 64.4 64 0.5 355 432 1.2 59 Kainthpur Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.6 610 0 336 275 11 0.0 3.7 0.2 26 45.0 17 2.4 250 329 0.13 60 Kalu Chak Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.43 1200 0 866 710 32 86.8 9.1 0.7 48 55.9 225 12 350 648 0 61 Khairi (Bishnah) Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.51 790 0 427 350 18 0.0 24.8 0.04 26 54.7 45 3.05 290 427 0.49 62 Kothey Saini Jammu DW 25-05-16 6.62 460 0 281 230 18 0.0 12.9 0.75 38 30.4 20 0.3 220 248 0.94 63 Kotli Charkan Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.29 700 0 403 330 28 67.4 0.2 0.41 42 63.2 24 18.4 365 378 0.19 64 Karnaile Chak Jammu DW 26-05-16 7.68 480 0 275 225 7 17.5 14.6 0 18 47.4 10 2.8 240 259 0 65 Lalyal Jammu DW 26-05-16 8.34 810 0 275 225 85 173.0 0.0 0 22 52.3 67 85.1 270 437 0.02 66 Laswara Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.18 390 0 226 185 18 57.8 3.3 0 32 42.6 6 3.4 255 211 0.28 67 Makwal Jammu DW 26-05-16 7.12 1050 0 604 495 67 46.2 63.0 0.33 30 82.7 65 103.6 415 567 0.07 68 Majuha Laxmi Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.68 600 0 354 290 21 5.3 18.4 0.04 26 48.6 33 2.4 265 324 0.16 69 Mahal Shah Kalandrian Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.29 570 0 342 280 7 71.7 12.6 0.35 34 55.9 28 0.8 315 308 0 70 Miran Sahib Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.47 940 0 445 365 64 76.3 60.6 0.19 12 103.4 59 0.8 455 508 0.04 71 Nandpur Jammu DW 24-05-16 6.74 1350 0 476 390 82 91.8 168.5 0.17 30 91.2 96 61.4 450 729 0.45 72 Nikowal Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.3 770 0 470 385 18 0.0 1.5 0.22 36 74.2 5 2.62 395 416 1.52 73 Patli Jammu DW 25-05-16 7.48 950 0 586 480 43 145.2 6.1 0.59 26 41.3 212 1.5 235 513 0 74 Palli Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.35 730 0 421 345 36 4.4 11.5 0.18 36 60.8 31 2.2 340 394 0.08 75 Poal II Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.31 1140 0 397 325 92 88.0 103.0 0.18 26 98.5 71 4.42 470 616 1.56 76 Rehal Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.8 590 0 403 330 25 24.8 1.8 0.15 40 46.2 46 1.6 290 319 0 77 Saleahar-II Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.46 1130 0 647 530 21 103.5 8.4 0.22 40 68.1 70 112 380 610 1.49 78 Satwari Jammu DW 23-05-16 6.82 920 0 555 455 36 49.9 14.1 0.46 20 107.0 31 10.3 490 497 0.41 79 Sei Khurd Jammu DW 23-05-16 6.88 640 0 433 355 11 0.0 0.5 0 42 35.3 55 0.83 250 346 3.36 80 Sohanjana Jammu DW 26-05-16 7.35 830 0 476 390 25 304.2 3.0 0 20 138.6 13 74.6 620 448 0.48 81 Suchetgarh II Jammu DW 23-05-16 7.47 1040 0 622 510 53 73.1 0.5 0 48 79.0 98 2.6 445 562 1.42 82 Supwal Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.03 590 0 311 255 21 28.6 5.4 0 12 53.5 31 1.1 250 319 0

Page | 72 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 83 Swankha Jammu DW 24-05-16 6.73 620 0 390 320 21 55.3 3.0 0 76 38.9 24 5.9 350 335 0.86 84 Uparla Kanhal Jammu DW 24-05-16 7.14 730 0 464 380 25 43.6 24.6 0 40 57.2 67 0.58 335 394 0.17 85 Chatta Jammu DW 25-05-16 6.74 510 0 323 265 14 54.3 1.7 0 60 40.1 10 5 315 275 1.05 86 Greater Kailash Jammu DW 25-05-16 6.73 510 0 262 215 18 64.5 7.5 0 68 55.9 10 1.32 290 275 0.01 87 Barni Kathua DW 21-05-16 7.3 290 0 201 165 15 33 6.5 0.21 48 21 9 1.2 205 151 0 88 Bengular Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.45 530 0 329 270 18 25 23.6 0.37 84 16 29 1.37 275 276 0.03 89 Bhagwal Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.5 360 0 220 180 14 7 12.1 0.13 60 11 10 1.26 195 187 0.12 90 Chak hariya Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.46 480 0 323 265 14 14 8.0 0.01 86 16 10 3.82 280 250 0 91 Chankhatrian Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.28 290 0 189 155 14 35 3.5 0 40 23 8 1.26 195 151 5.12 92 Chan ranga Kathua DW 21-05-16 7.27 270 0 165 135 7 40 7.1 0 40 17 10 1.12 170 140 0.15 93 Chapki Kalan Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.25 240 0 146 120 10 35 10.2 0.09 38 16 8 1.1 160 125 0.97 94 Daboh Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.53 740 0 342 280 64 32 63.0 0 88 39 33 2.2 380 385 0.09 95 Dhora Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.5 760 0 433 355 43 36 30.5 0.16 8 92 33 4.7 400 395 0.03 96 Dulme Chak Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.48 1520 0 397 325 110 478 32.9 0.21 80 79 85 231 525 790 0.09 97 Feru Chak Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.54 550 0 201 165 18 118 10.7 0.06 86 12 21 8.87 265 286 0.03 98 Gangu Chak Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.24 1860 0 616 505 266 365 205.0 0.37 28 236 159 31.5 1040 967 0.09 99 Jandi Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.74 530 0 342 280 11 0 3.7 0 60 22 24 1.11 240 276 0.4 100 Jasath Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.57 610 0 299 245 64 22 12.3 0 86 17 35 5.7 285 317 1.3 101 Kamila Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.16 470 0 256 210 18 69 0.0 0.16 20 47 27 3.6 245 244 0.25 102 Karol Krishna Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.26 540 0 354 290 32 18 1.8 0 20 50 45 1.81 255 281 6.01 103 Kathua Kathua DW 21-05-16 7.03 700 0 146 120 174 39 9.1 0.09 74 9 84 7.46 220 364 2.53 104 Kerian Gandyal-II Kathua DW 21-05-16 7.09 580 0 336 275 25 8 1.2 0 36 47 13 4.66 285 302 0 105 Kerian Ramnagar Kathua DW 21-05-16 7.03 600 0 366 300 11 54 10.2 0 106 18 9 15.9 340 312 0 106 Khanpur Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.35 320 0 195 160 14 42 9.6 0.2 54 18 9 1.3 210 166 0.2 107 Khukhial Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.46 760 0 403 330 64 109 1.2 0 112 22 41 59.3 370 395 0.18 108 Konthal Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.39 1070 0 390 320 156 173 20.3 0 136 54 80 2.2 560 556 0.15 109 Kootah Kathua DW 23-05-16 8.27 290 0 146 120 39 43 3.0 0.01 36 23 16 1.9 185 151 5 110 Kotepunu Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.15 460 0 293 240 14 18 1.2 0 32 40 15 2.15 245 239 0.93 111 Kothian Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.32 270 0 98 80 21 69 21.8 0 40 19 9 0.98 180 140 0.03

Page | 73 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 112 Lakhanpur Kathua DW 21-05-16 6.82 290 0 116 95 25 45 22.1 0.05 42 13 14 3.63 160 151 0.06 113 Lale Chak Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.38 450 0 287 235 18 20 0.1 0.1 28 43 16 0.68 245 234 0.2 114 Lokli Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.44 230 0 140 115 11 23 8.3 0 46 9 5 1.64 150 120 0.03 115 Londi Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.98 370 0 268 220 11 6 6.3 0.06 34 30 16 1.1 210 192 1.62 116 Madun Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.52 710 0 433 355 43 5 16.8 0.35 26 57 61 1.8 300 369 0.09 117 Mahi Chak Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.58 480 0 238 195 14 0 5.6 0 60 1 9 1.95 195 250 1.2 118 Mothlian Kalan Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.31 1780 0 549 450 284 157 199.0 0.1 56 170 116 63.5 840 926 0.09 119 Mukandpur Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.46 560 0 354 290 11 15 6.6 0 28 51 11 18.01 280 291 0 120 Nagri Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.51 470 0 275 225 28 57 0.0 0 28 49 23 2.4 270 244 5.22 121 Nagrota Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.45 910 0 439 360 85 62 90.0 0 64 83 40 23.2 500 473 0.18 122 Naran Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.43 570 0 384 315 14 17 4.9 0 12 64 27 1.94 295 296 0 123 Nouni Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.02 566 0 336 275 18 0 1.7 0 20 54 11 1.9 270 294 0.2 124 Nilcha Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.12 350 0 226 185 11 41 8.7 0 34 36 6 1.12 235 182 0 125 Nud Kathua DW 25-05-16 8 680 0 378 310 7 63 23.1 0 106 12 38 4.9 315 354 0.15 126 Painthi Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.45 290 0 171 140 11 17 3.5 0 56 5 6 1.7 160 151 0.2 127 Pangdour Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.55 630 0 427 350 14 35 2.7 0 110 18 23 6.6 350 328 0 128 Pansar Kathua DW 24-05-16 7.77 840 0 549 450 32 55 0.8 0 82 44 73 8.4 385 437 0.06 129 Patyari II Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.46 280 0 122 100 7 249 6.6 0 44 61 6 0.8 360 146 5.4 130 Patyari-I Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.54 700 0 445 365 21 4 9.0 0 72 43 23 1.4 355 364 0.15 131 Phalora Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.62 950 0 561 460 50 377 14.6 0 36 85 216 20 440 494 0.15 132 Raghu Chak Kathua DW 23-05-16 7.73 430 0 293 240 11 56 2.9 0 38 45 15 1.9 280 224 0 133 Raiyan Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.63 700 0 427 350 18 54 28.0 0 58 55 38 1.01 370 364 2.68 134 Sadoh Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.75 710 0 427 350 36 0 36.8 0 70 43 34 4.3 350 369 0.18 135 Samba Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.45 1300 0 220 180 60 15 139.0 0 72 2 92 6.2 185 676 0.12 136 Sanoora Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.53 390 0 232 190 7 14 1.9 0 30 29 9 1.3 195 203 0.12 137 Uttarbani Kathua DW 25-05-16 7.31 680 0 451 370 14 49 3.9 0 40 73 15 9.62 400 354 0.12 138 Tanda Seoda Rajouri DW 24-05-16 7.6 380 0 189 155 11.0 13 9.0 0.50 40 18 7 1.04 175 198 0 139 Chowki Handa Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.64 430 0 177 145 11.0 61 2.0 0.13 30 15 41 1 135 224 0 140 Bhamla Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.8 290 0 85 70 25.0 43 3.2 0.15 24 12 19 0.9 110 151 0

Page | 74 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 141 Dadua Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.15 650 0 232 190 18.0 94 21.0 0.39 34 24 64 4.5 185 338 2.64 142 Nanora Rajouri DW 24-05-16 7.085 450 0 214 175 7.0 36 5.5 0.11 36 21 22 3.5 175 234 0 143 Thangrote Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.58 490 0 153 125 18.0 82 14.4 0.20 18 21 53 1.9 130 255 0 144 Aliyah Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.57 260 0 122 100 7.0 15 6.2 0.15 22 15 7 0.6 115 135 0 145 Marchola Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.62 290 0 85 70 7.0 65 7.2 0.21 18 15 22 0.6 105 151 0 146 Channi Parat Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.54 320 0 110 90 18.0 36 20.0 0.16 18 18 21 2.3 120 166 0 147 Thanda Panni Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.52 390 0 98 80 18.0 77 16.0 0.14 20 21 29 0.2 135 203 0 148 Dhok Baniar Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.6 390 0 153 125 14.0 41 19.0 0.23 16 23 31 0.5 135 203 0 149 Bajabain Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.4 340 0.00 116 95 18.0 46 6.2 0.19 16 22 20 0.3 130 177 0 150 Kangri (Grid Station) Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.48 310 0 110 90 11.0 49 2.8 0.18 22 15 20 0.41 115 161 0.49 151 Jabah Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.46 330 0 140 115 14.0 28 5.9 0.31 14 22 20 0.4 125 172 0 152 Sial Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.76 410 0 98 80 14.0 87 19.0 0.17 14 17 46 0.61 105 213 0 153 Seri Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.6 400 0 122 100 25.0 55 10.0 0.19 12 29 23 0.41 150 208 0 154 Gangrote Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.59 380 0 122 100 14.0 63 7.3 0.22 12 28 21 0.8 145 198 0.97 155 Ding Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.55 340 0 128 105 11.0 31 25.0 0.11 16 21 22 0.2 125 177 0 156 Kalal Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.3 340 0 128 105 21.0 3 43.0 0.20 20 18 22 0.5 125 177 0 157 Rumli Dara Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.48 350 0 140 115 14.0 3 52.0 0.78 18 19 25 0.4 125 182 0 158 Bareri Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.03 760 0 195 160 82.0 106 5.3 0.20 18 27 106 3.5 155 395 0.23 159 Naunihal Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.82 300 0 92 75 7.0 59 6.0 0.15 16 18 16 1 115 156 0 160 Chowki Chowra Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.47 870 0 116 95 71.0 234 7.3 0.04 60 32 75 1.5 280 452 0 161 Kalsian Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.65 580 0 177 145 32.0 100 4.3 0.66 26 13 81 1.2 120 302 0 162 Jhangar Rajouri DW 26-05-16 8.63 650 12 171 160 85.0 62 1.4 6.45 2 4 144 1.6 20 338 0 163 Laroka Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.31 340 0 110 90 18.0 33 29.0 0.02 18 13 33 0.92 100 177 0 Lam (Jammu) 164 Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.15 450 0 214 175 21.0 20 7.2 0.09 44 17 23 1.4 180 234 1.25 165 Pukharni Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.22 460 0 238 195 14.0 18 1.1 0.04 62 4 29 1.4 170 239 0 166 Dharal Quila Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.3 430 0 177 145 14.0 55 3.3 0.02 30 21 27 4.90 160 224 0 167 Bhatta Mohra Rajouri DW 26-05-16 8.02 580 0 201 165 7.0 111 13.0 0.05 8 7 114 2.60 50 302 0 168 Narina Rajouri DW 26-05-16 8.01 350 0 128 105 14.0 55 2.4 0.11 22 21 20 0.93 140 182 0 169 Chitiar Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.92 510 0 171 140 14.0 70 22.0 0.01 18 29 38 2.20 165 265 5.48

Page | 75 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 170 Potha Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.86 290 0 153 125 14.0 6 0.3 0.08 18 18 14 0.70 120 151 0 171 Dayala Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.63 250 0 116 95 7.0 14 11.0 0.01 20 15 9 0.30 110 130 0 172 Panja Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.63 700 0 262 215 14.0 129 5.6 0.03 16 23 108 3.90 135 364 1.05 173 Solki Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.84 250 0 104 85 7.0 21 21.0 0.14 32 7 10 1.40 110 130 0 174 Lower Kharak Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.77 450 0 153 125 14.0 73 17.0 0.03 12 30 35 2.50 155 234 0 175 Dharamsal Rajouri DW 25-05-16 7.4 680 0 293 240 21.0 58 18.0 0.21 12 43 62 4.50 205 354 1.47 176 Bagnoti Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.56 390 0 128 105 39.0 32 7.7 0.07 12 7 63 1.80 60 203 0 177 Siot Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.72 340 0 110 90 14.0 60 0.6 0.09 14 12 37 6.00 85 177 1.22 178 Bhakhar Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.74 250 0 122 100 7.0 3 17.0 0.11 20 12 10 4.15 100 130 0 179 Salote Rajouri DW 27-05-16 7.34 410 0 207 170 21.0 8 5.9 0.13 20 29 19 1.50 170 213 0 180 Ainpur Rajouri DW 26-05-16 7.26 310 0 128 105 14.0 32 2.1 0.47 20 17 18 0.50 120 161 0 181 Sidhra Udhampur DW 25-05-16 7.4 740 0 238 195 28.0 59 57.0 0.15 60 34 23 2 290 124 0 182 Rangoora Udhampur DW 25-05-16 7.58 470 0 232 190 14.0 18 22.0 0 48 26 8 3 225 121 0 183 Jagti Udhampur DW 25-05-16 7.54 370 0 172 141 14.0 34 0.0 0 48 15 6 2 180 89 0 184 Upper Ban Udhampur DW 25-05-16 7.63 440 0 189 155 7.0 45 1.0 0.03 60 11 7 1.8 195 98 0 185 Nagrota (Sittli) Udhampur DW 25-05-16 7.28 1010 0 433 355 71.0 107 56.0 0.01 74 64 72 4 450 225 0 186 Surinsar Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.6 480 0 214 175 18.0 22 1.0 0.1 44 10 34 1 150 111 0.52 187 Sagoon Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.47 500 0 244 200 11.0 28 5.0 0 36 21 32 3 175 127 0 188 Channi -Mansar Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.5 450 0 232 190 11.0 21 0.0 0 46 14 26 0.5 170 121 0 189 Salabra Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.48 450 0 220 180 11.0 30 0.0 0 44 22 12 0.6 200 114 0.03 190 Sunal Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.49 540 0 224 184 14.0 48 0.0 0 50 27 8 0.8 235 116 0 191 Ramkot Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.2 810 0 458 375 32.0 15 0.0 0 82 33 39 9 340 238 0 192 Nagrota Gujroo Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.61 940 0 287 235 113.0 95 48.0 0 76 35 87 6.2 335 149 0 193 Lakri Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.76 450 0 220 180 28.0 37 8.0 0 58 13 28 3 200 114 0 194 Mandli Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.35 730 0.00 330 270 36.0 66 8.0 0 42 44 47 7 285 172 0 195 Billawar Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.34 680 0 342 280 43.0 79 13.0 0 86 20 54 17 295 178 1.05 196 Phinter Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.91 480 0 146 120 28.0 61 27.0 0 60 12 12 3 215 76 0 197 Pallan Udhampur DW 26-05-16 7.63 410 0 189 155 21.0 20 17.0 0 54 12 15 0.8 185 98 0.03 198 Manwall Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.75 310 0 153 125 21.0 297 0.4 0 36 14 156 1 125 80 0

Page | 76 Sp Date of Cond S.No. Location Region Source pH CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection ms/cm 3 3 4 3 25°C 199 Talpad Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.96 260 0 146 120 14.0 10 0.0 0 32 11 11 1 125 76 0 200 Nagrota Panjgrahian Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.64 390 0 214 175 14.0 37 6.0 0 40 23 19 1.5 195 111 0 201 Dalsar Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.54 450 0 354 290 14.0 34 0.0 0 36 26 68 2 195 184 0 202 Ramnagar Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.92 460 0 214 175 29.0 60 0.4 0 60 18 23 3 225 111 0.12 203 Dehari Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.71 230 0 372 305 21.0 14 0.3 1.0 16 15 114 3 100 193 0.09 204 Jallow Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.59 410 0 439 360 32.0 22 5.0 0.2 28 27 113 5 180 228 0.4 205 Ritti Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.89 230 0 488 400 11.0 135 0.0 0 16 6 225 2.1 65 254 0.29 206 Kuperlah Udhampur DW 27-05-16 8.12 450 0 244 200 11.0 25 0.4 0 38 28 14 1.2 210 127 0.09 207 Phangyal Udhampur DW 27-05-16 7.98 250 0 153 125 14.0 19 0.5 0 26 11 25 1.2 110 80 4.68 208 Battal Ballian Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.53 710 0 195 160 96.0 116 18.0 0 56 40 56 3 305 101 0 209 Garhi (Udh) Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.48 490 0 275 225 32.0 34 18.0 0 40 32 41 1 230 143 0.2 210 Badola Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.46 430 0 171 140 32.0 7 24.0 0 48 17 9 1.3 190 89 1.2 211 Dhanu Kanal Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.32 450 0 250 205 11.0 0 0.3 0 36 26 10 1.30 195 130 2.13 212 Katra Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.17 750 0 345 283 25.0 58 33.0 0 42 63 22 2.00 355 179 0 213 Talwara Udhampur DW 28-05-16 7.51 490 0 250 205 11.0 10 18.0 0 30 38 6 2.1 230 130 0.4 214 Seen Thakran Udhampur DW 29-05-16 7.2 370 0 214 175 25.0 9 9.0 0 26 24 28 1.20 165 111 0 215 Eastern Mand Udhampur DW 29-05-16 7.34 610 0 427 350 53.0 2 12.0 0 92 15 45 3.00 335 222 0.23 216 Kotli Pain Megaini Udhampur DW 29-05-16 7.92 450 0 201 165 18.0 40 5.0 0 46 24 9 1.00 215 105 0.92 217 Birmah Udhampur DW 29-05-16 7.56 510 0 256 210 25.0 0 2.0 0 44 20 20 2.50 200 133 0 218 Jakkhar Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.68 450 0 250 205 14.0 28 7.0 0 30 34 20 1.20 215 130 0.2 219 Katcha-Pind (Dansal) Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.46 610 0 244 200 53.0 66 9.0 0 36 39 45 2.00 250 127 2.71 220 Badsoo Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.53 510 0 195 160 32.0 41 30.0 0 66 15 21 0.80 225 101 4.05 221 Kah Potha Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.65 520 0 256 210 14.0 61 2.0 0 34 40 20 1.10 250 133 0 222 Kunihala Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.74 530 0 300 246 14.0 4 8.0 0 60 21 18 1.30 235 156 0 223 Kotkaswal Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.58 610 0 244 200 32.0 48 13.0 0 48 33 23 0.50 255 127 0 224 Jindhra Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.05 400 0 433 355 43.0 8 0.0 0 28 23 118 1.70 165 225 3.42 225 Sugetar Udhampur DW 30-05-16 7.57 530 0 281 230 32.0 40 11.0 0 40 22 61 3.00 190 146 0

Page | 77 ANNEXURE – IV Result of Chemical Analysis of water samples of National Hydrograph Stations collected during May 2016 KASHMIR REGION

Sp Cond Date of S.No. Location Source pH ms/cm CO HCO Alkalinity Cl SO NO F Ca Mg Na K TH TDS Fe collection 3 3 4 3 25°C

1 Rambarpora DW 13.05.2016 7.26 480 0 165 135 46.0 33 23.0 0.1 30 39 8 1 235 250 0 2 Sambura-Kokapura DW 14.05.2016 7.45 350 0 165 135 14.0 41 4.0 0 36 18 16 0.5 165 182 0 3 Zewan DW 14.05.2016 7.65 370 0 153 125 21.0 40 24.0 0.06 36 22 15 4 180 192 0 4 Regal Chowk, Sgr DW 14.05.2016 7.78 550 0 348 285 18.0 6 1.0 0.04 12 55 27 3 255 286 0 5 Rainawari DW 15.05.2016 7.5 640 0 336 275 28.0 13 37.0 0.03 24 47 33 25 255 333 0 6 Sangrama DW 15.05.2016 8.11 390 0 140 115 18.0 36 12.0 0.17 22 23 16 2 150 203 0 7 Langate DW 15.05.2016 7.8 810 0 482 395 14.0 60 21.0 0.03 60 57 49 2 385 421 0 8 Magam DW 15.05.2016 7.78 680 0 311 255 53.0 14 35.0 0 18 57 42 1 280 354 2.16 9 Dolipora DW 15.05.2016 8.24 340 0 153 125 11.0 16 1.0 0.09 36 12 8 1 140 177 0 10 Tregam DW 16.05.2016 7.98 590 0 214 175 53.0 75 22.0 0 12 51 48 1 240 307 0 11 Gulgam DW 16.05.2016 7.59 410 0 183 150 60.0 131 45.0 0.34 24 32 75 43 190 213 0 12 Kupwara Main Chowk DW 16.05.2016 8.2 560 0 165 135 145.0 121 22.0 0 28 46 102 1 260 291 0 13 Chowgal DW 17.05.2016 7.02 320 0.00 134 110 14.0 15 20.0 0.11 26 18 9 1.3 140 166 0 14 Bomai DW 17.05.2016 7.31 540 0 177 145 57.0 92 16.0 0.09 20 35 63 2 195 281 0 15 Mirgund Silk Centre DW 17.05.2016 7.34 510 0 409 335 21.0 47 1.0 0.03 14 51 69 15 245 265 0 16 Sopore Model Town DW 17.05.2016 7.78 370 0 165 135 21.0 49 3.0 0.04 8 35 23 2.3 165 192 0 17 Binner DW 17.05.2016 7.54 580 0 248 203 25.0 25 1.0 0 18 43 19 3 220 302 0 18 Waripora DW 17.05.2016 7.58 280 0 128 105 14.0 7 3.0 0 12 23 4 0.6 125 146 0 19 Bardan DW 17.05.2016 8.01 250 6 98 90 11.0 27 2.0 0.41 16 20 7 1.3 120 130 0 20 Aripanthan DW 17.05.2016 8.16 650 0 305 250 57.0 125 20.0 0.06 25 64 65 8.3 325 338 0 21 Khanpora DW 17.05.2016 7.51 390 0 214 175 11.0 8 0.0 0.12 29 28 6 0.3 186 203 0 22 Guse DW 18.05.2016 7.82 310 0 134 110 64.0 99 0.3 0.51 12 29 70 2.3 150 161 0

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