City of Los Angeles April 2008 APPENDIX D HISTORIC RESOURCES REPORTS La Brea Gateway Technical Appendices Draft Environmental Impact Report City of Los Angeles April 2008 KCOP Site Historic Resources Report La Brea Gateway Technical Appendices Draft Environmental Impact Report KCOP SITE Historic Resources Report Prepared by Teresa Grimes Senior Architectural Historian Christopher A. Joseph & Associates 11849 W. Olympic Boulevard, Suite 101 Los Angeles, CA 90064 April 21, 2006 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose and Qualifications The purpose of this report is to determine whether or not the former site of KCOP Channel 13 is an historic resource subject to the California Environmental Quality Act. The site is located at the northwest corner of North La Brea and Willoughby Avenues. Teresa Grimes, senior architectural historian for Christopher A. Joseph & Associates, was responsible for the preparation of this report. With over fifteen years of experience in the field of historic preservation and a M.A. in Architecture, Ms. Grimes more than fulfills the qualifications for historic preservation professionals outlined in 36 CFR, Part 61. 1.2. Methodology In conducting the analysis of potential impacts, the following tasks were performed: 1. Conducted a field inspection of the site and surrounding area to determine the current physical condition, integrity, and setting. Photographs were taken during the site visit. 2. Reviewed the building permit records obtained from the City of Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety to determine the dates of original construction and subsequent alterations. 3. Researched the history and context of the property at the Los Angeles Public Library including a review of historic maps of the site, historic photographs of television stations as well as North La Brea Avenue, and books and articles. 4. Reviewed and analyzed ordinances, statutes, regulations, bulletins, and technical materials relating to federal, state, and local historic preservation designations, and assessment processes and programs. 1.3. Historic Overview There are two large buildings on the property, a small guard shack, another small building, and various satellite communication dishes with the addresses 915 North La Brea Avenue and 7165 Willoughby Avenue. In the early 1920s the Shell Oil Company owned the eastern portion of the property. The building permit records indicate that the company constructed several wood-framed buildings there including a garage, office, truck filling station, and warehouse. The Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (Map 1) of the site indicates that by 1950 the property was no longer used by the Shell Oil Company and that most of the buildings had been replaced. At 915 North La Brea Avenue there was a warehouse used by the Bohemian Distributing Company. Building permits document that this building, which was later adapted and remodeled by KCOP, was constructed in 1948. Willoughby Avenue, between La Brea and Formosa Avenues, was occupied by the Railway KCOP Site Historic Resource Report 1 Map 1: 1950 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map KCOP Site Historic Resource Report 2 Express Agency. The Los Angeles County Tax Assessor records document that this one-story U-shaped building was constructed in 1946, presumably for the Railway Express Agency. In 1956 the warehouse at 915 North La Brea Avenue was owned by McGowan Productions and used as a motion picture studio. The following year they constructed a two-story addition to the warehouse that extended south along La Brea Avenue to the corner of Willoughby Avenue. In 1959, KCOP purchased both buildings, i.e., the warehouse at 915 North La Brea Avenue and the one-story U-shaped building at 7165 Willoughby Avenue. They adapted these buildings for the purposes of operating a television broadcast studio. Over the years, these two buildings were altered many times. The guard shack was constructed in 1979. The physical integrity of the site and the buildings thereon is difficult to assess the original appearance of the buildings is unknown and as the building permit record is spotty. It can be said; however, that the site has no sense of design cohesion. KCOP was founded by Dorothy Schiff, the owner of the New York Post as well as various radio stations in New York, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. One of the radio stations she owned in Los Angeles was KMTR-AM, which was located on Cahuenga Boulevard between Romaine and Eleanor Avenues. KCOP shared facilities as well as call letters with KMTR when they began broadcasting in September of 1948. The first telecast was of a football game between the Figure 1: KMTR radio and television studio on Cahuenga Boulevard. University of Southern California and the University of Utah. At the time, there were 16,000 television sets in the Los Angeles area serving a total population of four million people. Soon the call letters were changed to KLAC and the moniker “Lucky 13” was adopted. Mortimer Hall, Schiff’s son who lived in Los Angeles, acted as president and general manager. In 1954, the Colpey Press, owners of The San Diego Union-Tribune, purchased KLAC and changed the call letters to KCOP. Six years later, Chris-Craft Industries bought the station and moved it to North La Brea Avenue. The station remained there until 2002. It was here that celebrities such as Del Moore, Betty White, and Liberace first performed on television. In 1995, Chris-Craft Industries and its subsidiary, United Television partnered with Paramount Pictures to form the United Paramount Network (UPN). KCOP then became the network’s West Coast flagship station. KCOP Site Historic Resource Report 3 Chris-Craft sold its television stations to Fox in 2002, and soon after that transaction, KCOP integrated its operations with KTTV. The North La Brea Avenue facilities were abandoned when KCOP moved to the KTTV facilities in West Los Angeles. The facilities have since been rented to individual production companies. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1. Regulatory Environment Generally, a lead agency must consider a property an historic resource under the California Environmental Quality Act if it is eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register). The California Register is modeled after the National Register of Historic Places (National Register). Furthermore, a property is presumed to be historically significant if it is listed in a local register of historic resources or has been identified as historically significant in an historic resources survey (provided certain criteria and requirements are satisfied) unless a preponderance of evidence demonstrates that the property is not historically or culturally significant.1 The National and California Register designation programs are discussed below. National Register of Historic Places The National Register is "an authoritative guide to be used by federal, state, and local governments, private groups and citizens to identify the nation's cultural resources and to indicate what properties should be considered for protection from destruction or impairment." 2 Criteria To be eligible for listing in the National Register, a property must be at least 50 years of age and possess significance in American history and culture, architecture, or archaeology. A property of potential significance must meet one or more of four established criteria: 3 A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or B. Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or 1 PRC Section 5024.1 and 14 CCR Section 4850. 2 36 CFR Part 60.2. 3 36 CFR Part 60.4. KCOP Site Historic Resource Report 4 D. Yield, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Physical Integrity According to National Register Bulletin 15, "to be eligible for listing in the National Register, a property must not only be shown to be significant under National Register criteria, but it also must have integrity." Integrity is defined in National Register Bulletin 15 as "the ability of a property to convey its significance." Within the concept of integrity, the National Register recognizes seven aspects or qualities that in various combinations define integrity. They are feeling, association, workmanship, location, design, setting, and materials.4 Context To be eligible for listing in the National Register, a property must also be significant with an historic context. National Register Bulletin 15 states that the significance of an historic property can be judged only when it is evaluated within its historic context. Historic contexts are “those patterns, themes, or trends in history by which a specific...property or site is understood and its meaning...is made clear.”5 A property must represent an important aspect of the area’s history or prehistory and possess the requisite integrity to qualify for the National Register. Criteria Considerations Certain kinds of properties, like those less than 50 years of age, are not usually considered eligible for listing in the National Register. 50 years is the general estimate of the time needed to develop historical perspective and to evaluate significance. These properties can be eligible for listing; however, if they meet special requirements called Criteria Considerations, in addition to meeting the regular requirements. National Register Bulletin 15 states that a property less than 50 years of age may be eligible for the National Register if it is of exceptional importance.6 California Register of Historical Resources In 1992, Governor Wilson signed AB 2881 into law establishing the California Register. The California Register is an authoritative guide used by state and local agencies, private groups and citizens to identify historic resources and to indicate what properties are to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change.