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A Validation of the Proposed Royal Australian Navy Standard Work Week and Naval Management Diary Using a Simulated Crew of an Armidale Class Patrol Boat

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A Validation of the Proposed Royal Australian Navy Standard Work Week and Naval Management Diary Using a Simulated Crew of an Armidale Class Patrol Boat Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2015-12 A validation of the proposed Royal Australian Navy Standard Work Week and Naval Management Diary using a simulated crew of an Armidale Class Patrol Boat Groot, Jessica Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/47954 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS A VALIDATION OF THE PROPOSED ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK AND NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY USING A SIMULATED CREW OF AN ARMIDALE CLASS PATROL BOAT by Jessica Groot December 2015 Thesis Advisor: Nita Lewis Shattuck Second Reader: Michael Smith Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2015 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS A VALIDATION OF THE PROPOSED ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK AND NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY USING A SIMULATED CREW OF AN ARMIDALE CLASS PATROL BOAT 6. AUTHOR(S) Jessica Groot 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943–5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / N/A MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis investigated the validity of the Royal Australian Navy’s proposed Navy Standard Work Week (NSWW) model and the Navy Management Diary (NMD) with its accompanying fatigue measurement tool. A simulated 21-member Armidale Class Patrol Boat (ACPB) crew was constructed in the NMD to assess the NSWW. The NMD fatigue measurement tool and the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model, and its software instantiation, the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST), were used to estimate risk for the periods of activity across the three weeks, resulting in comparison of the associated risk levels identified by the NMD fatigue tool and corresponding FAST scores. In the proposed RAN NSWW model, the category of maintenance most often exceeded its allocated hours, leading to the recommendation that further research on a larger sample might address whether the proposed NSWW should be customized to be platform and occupation specific. The NMD and FAST software tool comparisons resulted in statistically significant differences in predicted risk. The discussion speculates on why these discrepancies exist between the two software tools. The thesis recommends that this methodology be replicated using a larger sample and include empirical observations of performance in actual operations before comparing to FAST-generated predicted effectiveness levels. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF actigraphy, crew endurance, crew performance, fatigue management, fatigue mitigation, sleep, PAGES FAST, SAFTE, Navy Management Diary, Royal Australian Navy, simulation, 139 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540–01–280–5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2–89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239–18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A VALIDATION OF THE PROPOSED ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK AND NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY USING A SIMULATED CREW OF AN ARMIDALE CLASS PATROL BOAT Jessica Groot Lieutenant, Royal Australian Navy B. Sc., University of Canberra, 2005 B. Bus., Charles Darwin University, 2006 M. HROD., Southern Cross University, 2010 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 2015 Approved by: Nita Lewis Shattuck Thesis Advisor Michael Smith Second Reader William Hatch Academic Associate, Graduate School of Business iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT This thesis investigated the validity of the Royal Australian Navy’s proposed Navy Standard Work Week (NSWW) model and the Navy Management Diary (NMD) with its accompanying fatigue measurement tool. A simulated 21-member Armidale Class Patrol Boat (ACPB) crew was constructed in the NMD to assess the NSWW. The NMD fatigue measurement tool and the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model, and its software instantiation, the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST), were used to estimate risk for the periods of activity across the three weeks, resulting in comparison of the associated risk levels identified by the NMD fatigue tool and corresponding FAST scores. In the proposed RAN NSWW model, the category of maintenance most often exceeded its allocated hours, leading to the recommendation that further research on a larger sample might address whether the proposed NSWW should be customized to be platform and occupation specific. The NMD and FAST software tool comparisons resulted in statistically significant differences in predicted risk. The discussion speculates on why these discrepancies exist between the two software tools. The thesis recommends that this methodology be replicated using a larger sample and include empirical observations of performance in actual operations before comparing to FAST-generated predicted effectiveness levels. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................................................7 A. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................7 B. SLEEP .........................................................................................................9 C. FATIGUE .................................................................................................11 D. PERFORMANCE ....................................................................................13 E. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND FATIGUE .................................15 F. ENDURANCE ..........................................................................................16 G. ACTIGRAPHY ........................................................................................17 H. SLEEP, ACTIVITY, FATIGUE, AND TASK EFFECTIVENESS MODEL (SAFTE) ..................................................17 I. FATIGUE AVOIDANCE SCHEDULING TOOL (FAST)..................19 J. NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY ........................................................22 K. NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK (NSWW) – RAN SCENARIO ANALYSIS .........................................................................26 L. PREVIOUS US NAVY STUDIES OF SLEEP AT SEA AND NSWW ......................................................................................................28 M. PREVIOUS ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY STUDIES OF SLEEP AT SEA........................................................................................31 1. HMAS Warramunga ...................................................................32 2. Armidale Class Patrol Boat Data Collection .............................33 III. METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................................37 A. SIMULATED NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARIES AND THE PROPOSED NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK ..............................40 B. SIMULATED ACPB CREW—SIX AND EIGHT HOUR SLEEP PROFILES IN FAST ...............................................................................43 C. VALIDATION OF NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY USING SIMULATED ACPB CREW ..................................................................43 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..........................................................................45 A. SIMULATED NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARIES AND THE PROPOSED NAVY STANDARD WORK WEEK ..............................45 B. SIMULATED ACPB CREW—SIX AND EIGHT HOUR SLEEP PROFILES IN FAST ...............................................................................47 C. VALIDATION OF NAVAL MANAGEMENT DIARY USING SIMULATED ACPB CREW ..................................................................53 vii V. CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................57 APPENDIX A. SUMMARY TABLE INDIVIDUAL CREW MEMBER DAILY SIMULATED ACTIVITY (WEEKLY AVERAGES)........................61 APPENDIX B. SUMMARY TABLE INDIVIDUAL CREW MEMBER ACTIVITY DIFFERENCE FROM NAVY
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