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Notes on Wissadula (Malvaceae), with the Description of Two New Species

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Notes on Wissadula (Malvaceae), with the Description of Two New Species 26 LUNDELLIA DECEMBER, 2012 NOTES ON WISSADULA (MALVACEAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES Paul A. Fryxell Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Main Building Rm. 127, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Stop F0404, Austin, Texas 78712-1711 Abstract: Some historical considerations concerning the identity of Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K. Schum., lectotypifications of Sida stellata Cav. and W. fuscorosea Ulbr., the description of two new species (W. ecuadoriensis and W. macrocarpa), and the discussion of the legitimacy of a name widely but incorrectly used in Wissadula Medik., W. macrantha R.E.Fr., nom. illegit., are presented. Resumen: Se presentan una discusio´n de la historia de la identidad de Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K. Schum., las lectotipificacio´nes de Sida stellata Cav. y W. fuscorosea Ulbr., las descripciones de dos especies nuevas (W. ecuadoriensis y W. macrocarpa), y una discussio´n del nombre W. macrantha R.E.Fr., un nombre muy utilizado a pesar de ser ilegı´timo. Keywords: Malvaceae, Wissadula, South America. Several years ago I began studies on the Cav. (Cavanilles, 1785) and S. nudiflora genus Wissadula Medik., with the intent of L’He´r. (L’He´ritier, 1789), were both de- updating the now century-old monograph scribed at least in part from plants cultivated of Fries (1908). I wished to bring together a in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. However, dispersed literature, account for all of the Fries (1908) disagreed with earlier authors species (including the description of new and provided a lengthy discussion of W. species), provide improved keys and de- nudiflora in which he rejected Schumann’s scriptions, and to otherwise facilitate the (1891) use of the name W. stellata as the identification of specimens. Then in June earlier, correct name for this species. Fries of 2010 I had a medical mischance that did this based on Cavanilles’ reference to S. threatened the loss of vision and led to other stellata occurring in Santo Domingo, which complications. Subsequently I have come to in turn was based solely on a reference by the realization that a satisfactory completion Cavanilles to a Plumier manuscript concern- of this study of Wissadula will not be ing a plant that Cavanilles had not exam- possible, as a result of my impaired vision. ined. Fries noted that W. nudiflora was However, there are some parts of the work known with certainty only from Peru. He done so far that can be put on record to referred W. stellata to synonymy under W. benefit a future study of the genus, and that amplissima (L.) R.E.Fr. is the purpose of this communication. Sida amplissima L., the basionym for Wissadula amplissima, was described by TYPIFICATION AND CIRCUMSCRIPTION OF Linnaeus in the first edition of Species WISSADULA STELLATA Plantarum (Linnaeus, 1753), but by the second edition (Linnaeus, 1763) the same Most but not all authors have regarded taxon was treated by Linnaeus as an Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K.Schum. and W. unnamed variety of S. periplocifolia L. It is nudiflora (L’He´r.) Benth. as representing the clear from Cavanilles’ protologue for S. same species (e.g., Garcke, 1890; Schumann, stellata that he feels that his new species is 1891; Baker, 1893; Macbride, 1956; Krapo- the same as Linnaeus’s unnamed variety vickas, 1996). The basionyms, Sida stellata from the second edition, and Cavanilles LUNDELLIA 15:26–34. 2012 NUMBER 15 FRYXELL: NOTES ON WISSADULA 27 makes no mention of the name S. amplis- typified the earlier Sida stellata.Althoughit sima from the first edition. Cavanilles is possible that both Cavanilles (1785)—who therefore repeats Linnaeus’s reference to a was working in Paris at the time (Garilleti, plate by Plumier, and this plate subsequently 1993)– and L’He´ritier (1789) described their has been selected by Krapovickas (1996) as respective species from exactly the same plant, lectotype for Sida amplissima. However, it is there seems little doubt that they described abundantly clear in his protologue that them from plants grown from the same seed Cavanilles (1785) was describing S. stellata batch sent by Dombey. It would thus be based on observations of cultivated material convenient to lectotypify S. stellata on the at Paris, and that the Plumier reference is same Dombey specimen that Krapovickas simply based on presumed synonymy with (1996) used to lectotypify S. nudiflora,butas the Linnaean variety. Thus, typification of noted above, it seems likely that the Dombey Sida stellata must be based, if possible, on specimen represents field-collected material material related to the cultivated material at rather than material from the garden-grown Paris, and Fries’ contention that Wissadula plants. Dombey’s field-collected specimens stellata is a synonym of W. amplissima were not available for study in Paris until at would be correct only if the cultivated least 1786–and then mostly were studied by material at Paris were indeed W. amplissima, L’He´ritier (Stafleu, 1963)—so Cavanilles which is not the case. The history of the could not have seen the Dombey specimen usage of the name W. amplissima is provided before publication of S. stellata in 1785. Other by Krapovickas (1996). material must therefore be used to typify As noted above, both Sida stellata and S. Cavanilles’s species. Although many Cava- nudiflora were described based on cultivated nilles names are typified by material in his material in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. In herbarium now at MA, that applies for the the case of S. nudiflora, L’He´ritier (1789) most part to species described after he states that this cultivated material was from returned to Spain in 1789 (Garilleti, 1993). seed collected in Hu´ anuco, Peru, by Joseph Garilleti (1993) lists no material of Sida Dombey; while Cavanilles (1785) does not stellata in the Cavanilles herbarium in state this, it is presumed that S. stellata also Madrid, and although the Global Plants is based on plants from the same seed Initiative website (plants.jstor.org, consulted source. (For a discussion of the disputed 10 April 2012) lists four specimens purport- publication date for S. nudiflora, see: Cava- edly of this species in the Cavanilles herbar- nilles (1789) and Buchheim (1965).) How- ium at MA, none of these specimens is type ever, L’He´ritier, the only one of the two material and most or all appear to be different authors who also had access to the herbar- species. Types for Cavanilles species published ium specimens collected by Dombey (Sta- during his Paris stay (1777–1789) are mostly fleu, 1963), could also have used those field- to be looked for in the Lamarck, Jussieu, or collected specimens in describing this spe- general herbaria at P (Stafleu & Cowan, cies. Krapovickas (1996), who like most 1976); however, the specimen that seems authors considered S. nudiflora to be a most clearly to represent type material is the synonym of S. stellata, lectotypified the one in the Delessert herbarium that I below former based on a Dombey collection at P. designate as the lectotype of S. stellata. A This specimen simply says ‘‘Pero´u’’ and specimen cited by Krapovickas (1996) in the ‘‘Dombey’’ and is presumably Dombey’s Jussieu herbarium (‘‘in horto Issy, Cava- field-collected specimen, although it is nilles’’; P-JU 12309) bears the date 1788 and possible that it was collected from the living thus does not appear to be type material. material in the garden in Paris. However, neither Krapovickas (1996) Wissadula stellata (Cav.) K.Schum. in nor any other author appears to have Mart., Fl. Bras. 12 (3): 444. 1891. Sida 28 LUNDELLIA DECEMBER, 2012 stellata Cav., Diss. 1: 27. 1785, t. 5, fig. 4. filaments 4–5 mm long; styles 5, with capitate Abutilon stellatum (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. stigmas. FRUITS 10–12 mm in diameter, Gen. Pl. 3 (3): 18. 1898. TYPE: Hortus minutely puberulent. MERICARPS 5, constrict- Parisiensis [presumably from Peruvian ed below, 5 mm long, bulbous-apiculate (or seed from Dombey] (LECTOTYPE (here merely acute) apically, arranged in pentago- designated): G (herb. Delessert) 176139). nal, stellate form. SEEDS 3 per carpel. The preceding description is taken Sida nudiflora L’He´r., Stirp. Nov. 5: 123, t. principally from the description provided 59. 1789. Abutilon nudiflorum (L’He´r.) by Fries (1908, pp. 65–66), who had Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 53. 1826. examined a Dombey specimen of Sida Wissadula nudiflora (L’He´r.) Benth., nudiflora (subsequently destroyed) in the Bot. Voy. Sulphur 69. 1844. LECTOTYPE Berlin herbarium, and secondarily from the (designated by Krapovickas, 1996): descriptions and illustrations of L’He´ritier Pe´rou, J. Dombey s.n. (P). and Cavanilles of S. nudiflora and S. stellata, Wissadula fuscorosea Ulbr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. respectively, as well as from the digitized 54, Beibl. 117: 59. 1916, syn. nov. TYPE: image of the lectotype of S. stellata available PERU. HUANCAVELICA:Rı´o San Ber- at plants.jstor.org. Some details of the nardo, Tayacaja, 11 559S, 1600–1700 m, u description (e.g., the nature of the pubes- 2 Apr 1913, A. Weberbauer 6556 (HOLO- cence) cannot be evaluated accurately from TYPE: B (destroyed; photo F-9299); images, of course, and in particular the LECTOTYPE (here designated): MOL (see nature of the inflorescence is ambiguous — Velarde Nu´ n˜ez, 1969); ISOLECTOTYPES:F whether it is of the narrow racemoid form or (629330), GH (00058183). the more open paniculate type, both of SHRUBS 1–2 m tall, the stems densely which are found in Wissadula. Details from stellate-pubescent, the hairs ferruginous or W. fuscorosea, which I now consider a yellowish, stellate, often stipitate. LEAF synonym of W. stellata (see below), are BLADES broadly ovate or suborbicular, 6– nevertheless not included in the description.
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