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White Book Fin Section of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Physical Society (SFJ-PTF) Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University (HIL) Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków (IFJ PAN) WHITE BOOK on the Future of Low-Energy Nuclear Physics in Poland and the Development of the National Research Infrastructure Editors: A. Maj, K. Rusek, P. Bednarczyk, J. Dudek, B. Fornal, M. Kicińska-Habior, S. Kistryn, M. Lewitowicz, T. Matulewicz, W. Nazarewicz, W. Satuła, J. Skalski, J. Srebrny, E. Stephan, W.H. Trzaska Kraków/Warszawa September 2020 Participants in “The future of low-energy nuclear physics in Poland and the development of national research infrastructure” conference. Photo taken in front of the HIL building on January 14, 2019 by W.H. Trzaska. Technical Editors: Adam Maj, Marzena Wolińska-Cichocka e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Cover design: Jerzy Grębosz (Cover photo - thanks to The NASA Hubble Space Telescope) ISBN 978-83-959188-0-3 Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................... 3 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 5 2. Theory of nuclear structure and dynamics ....................................................................... 8 2.1 Few-body systems and nuclear interactions ............................................................ 10 2.2 The atomic nucleus as an open quantum system ..................................................... 12 2.3 Physics of isospin and fundamental symmetry tests in N~Z nuclei ......................... 15 2.4 Nuclear dynamics from time-dependent DFT: induced fission and pairing dynamics ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.5 Challenges for nuclear theory at the intersections of nuclear and other fields of physics ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Final remarks ........................................................................................................... 24 3. Polish Research Infrastructures – status and perspectives ............................................ 26 3.1 Poland in the European Nuclear Physics Landscape ............................................... 27 3.2 The Heavy Ion Laboratory of the University of Warsaw ........................................ 28 3.3 Cyclotron Centre Bronowice ................................................................................... 32 3.4 Nuclear Physics at Extremely Low Energies: A Small Accelerator System under Ultra High Vacuum Conditions ..................................................................................... 38 3.5 The MARIA research reactor with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Materials and Biomedical Research ............................................................................................... 41 4. Superheavy Elements ..................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Super Heavy Elements - experimental opportunities for HIL? ............................... 48 4.2 Research on Super Heavy Elements in Poland - Theoretical perspective ............... 49 4.3 Recoil separators for studies of super-heavy nuclei ................................................ 50 4.4 High-K states in heaviest nuclei .............................................................................. 51 4.5 Chemistry of superheavy elements .......................................................................... 52 5. Mechanisms of nuclear reactions in simple and complex systems ................................ 54 5.1 Direct Reactions at Stable Beam Facilities .............................................................. 56 5.2 Dynamics of fission in phenomenological models .................................................. 57 5.3 FAZIA - Status, Perspectives for Installation and Possible Physics Case in Poland ........................................................................................................................ 59 5.4 Barrier distributions ................................................................................................. 60 5.5 Few-body reactions .................................................................................................. 61 5.6 Nuclear spallation .................................................................................................... 62 6. Gamma spectroscopy ..................................................................................................... 64 6.1 AGATA -Advanced Gamma Tracking Aray ........................................................... 66 6.2 NEDA - NEutron Detector Array ............................................................................ 67 3 6.3 ULESE - University of Lodz Electron SpEctrometer .............................................. 68 6.4 Plunger for lifetime measurements in inverse kinematics reactions ........................ 69 6.5 Lifetime determinations with fast timing scintillators and g-factor measurements . 70 6.6 Nuclear structure studied with Coulomb excitation................................................. 71 7. From isomers to giant resonances .................................................................................. 74 7.1 High-spin state nuclear phenomena ......................................................................... 77 7.2 Isomers in Exotic Nuclei .......................................................................................... 78 7.3 K shape isomers in the secondary potential well of heavy nuclei –experimental perspectives .................................................................................................................... 79 7.4 PARIS – status, perspectives for installation in Poland and studies of hot rotating nuclei .............................................................................................................................. 81 7.5 Giant Resonances built on cold nuclei ..................................................................... 84 7.6 Experimental studies of the strength function below the binding energy ................ 86 7.7 Decay of “stretched” states in the continuum .......................................................... 87 7.8 Fast timing beta-delayed g-ray spectroscopy ........................................................... 88 7.9 g-ray spectroscopy of fission products with a Gas-Filled Magnet ........................... 89 8. Nuclear Physics Applications ........................................................................................ 91 8.1 CERAD@NCBJ....................................................................................................... 93 8.2 Materials studies ...................................................................................................... 94 8.3 Neutrons in interdisciplinary and nuclear studies .................................................... 94 8.4 Prompt gamma imaging for online monitoring in proton therapy - the SiFi-CC project ............................................................................................................................ 95 8.5 Application of nuclear physics in studies of discrete symmetries, quantum entanglement and positronium imaging with the J-PET tomograph ........................... 100 8.6 How to test electronics used in Space? .................................................................. 101 8.7 Testing the response of detectors with high-energy protons at CCB..................... 104 8.8 Challenges in radiobiology research with heavy ion beams in Poland .................. 105 8.9 Outlook for the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals at HIL .... 108 8.10 ENSAR2-Nuclear Physics Innovation and Enterprise Europe Network activity for transfer technology and knowledge between nuclear laboratories and industry .... 111 Author index .................................................................................................................... 113 Annex 1. Program of the conference ............................................................................... 114 4 Chapter 1 Executive Summary A. Maj The H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Kraków, Poland and K. Rusek Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland This Report presents the status and perspectives of low-energy nuclear physics research in Poland. It has become a tradition that the society of Polish nuclear physicists periodically summarizes the community’s achievements and draws up plans for the future. The very first such report was prepared by a team of scientists led by Professor Jerzy Jastrzębski and published by the Polish Nuclear Physics Network under the title “Nuclear Physics in Poland 1996-2006”. The next one, entitled “Long-Range Plan of Polish Nuclear Physics in the years 2007-2016” was prepared by the Commission of Nuclear Physics, the Advisory Board of the National Atomic Energy Agency of Poland. The team of editors was led by Professor Jan Styczeń. A few years later, this Commission, led this time by Professor Krzysztof Rusek, published the “Long-Range Plan of Polish Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Methods, 2010-2020”. The present Report is the result of a two-day conference entitled “The future of low-energy nuclear physics in Poland and the development
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