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Fisherfolk, Farmers and Frenchmen

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Fisherfolk, Farmers and Frenchmen Archaeological Report No. 30 Fisherfolk, Farmers and Frenchmen, I Archaeological Explorations on the Mississippi Gulf Coast John H. Blitz and C. Baxter Mann With Contributions By: Joseph A. Giliberti Joseph D. Jewell C. Margaret Scarry Mississippi Department of Archives and History Jackson, Mississippi 2000 Mississippi Department of Archives and History Archaeological Report No. 30 Patricia Galloway Series Editor Elbert R. Hilliard Director Typeset by Julie Bullock and Jason Catlin Cover Illustration: A ceramic effigy smoking pipe of the "Kneeling Human" style, ca. AD 1200-1350, from the Singing River site. ISBN: 0-938896-84-}f'Q Copyright © 2000 Mississippi Department of Archives and History Table of Contents Acknowledgements vi -' Chapters 1 Archaeology on the Coast 1 2 Where the Forest Meets the Sea 5 3 Middens in the Marshes 12 4 Painted Pots and Platform Mounds 29 5 Fisherfolk and Farmers 48 6 Native and Newcomer 63 7 The Cultural Sequence 75 8 Sites and Settlement (with joseph A. Giliberti) 88 9 Archaeology of the Eastern Mississippi Sound Region 97 Appendices A Ceramic Classifications and Illustrations 107 B Provienience ofArtifacts from Key Sites 136 C Fishing on the Mississippi Coast - Vertebrate Faunal Remains 156 joseph D. jroJell D Foraging and Gardening on the Mississippi Coast - Plant Food Remains 168 C. Margaret Scarry E Roster ofArchaeological Sites 176 F Archaeological Phases of the Eastern Mississippi Sound Region 179 Biloxi Bay - Pascagoula Bay - Point Aux Chenes Bay 1200 BC-AD 1775 References 181 Contributors 198 Figures 1.1 The Mississippi Sound Region. 2 1.2 The Eastern Subregion Study Area. 3 2.1 Landforms in the Study Area. 6 2.2 Relationship Between Landforms, Biotic Communities, and Geomorphological Units in the Study Area. 8 3.1 Plan of Apple Street Site (22:Ja-530). 12 3.2 East Profile, Unit 4, Apple Street. 13 II Archaeological Report No. 30, 2000 Figures, continued 3.3 Plan of Big Greenwood Island Site (22:Ja-516). 14 3.4 Plan of East Bayou LaMotte Site (22:Ja-555). 17 3.5 South Profile, Unit 1, East Bayou LaMotte. 17 3.6 Distribution of Claiborne and Apple Street Phase Sites. 21 3.7 Distribution of Greenwood Island Phase Sites. 26 4.1 Plan of Godsey Site (22-Hr-591). 29 4.2 Plan of Area A, Godsey Site. 30 4.3 North and East Profiles, Unit 2, Godsey. 30 4.4 Plan of Harvey Site (22-Hr-534). 33 4.5 North Profile, Unit 3, Harvey. 33 4.6 Plan of Graveline Mound (22:Ja-503). 35 4.7 North Profile, Unit 1, Graveline Mound. 36 4.8 Distribution of Godsey and Graveline Phase Sites. 41 4.9 Distribution of Tates Hammock Phase Sites. 47 5.1 Plan of Singing River Site (22:Ja-520). 48 5.2 Plan of Area A, Singing River Site. 49 5.3 Plan of Area B, Singing River Site. 50 5.4 South Profile, Pinola Unit 1, Area A, Singing River. 50 5.5 West Profile, Lewis Unit 1, Area B, Singing River. 51 5.6 Distribution of Pinola, Singing River, and Bear Point Phase Sites. 55 6.1 Detail from Plan du Fort de Maurepas a la coste meridionale de la Floride. 63 6.2 The Vieux Biloxi and Stone Marker Locales in Ocean Springs. 65 6.3 The Stone Marker found in Ocean Springs in 1909. 66 6.4 Detail from Carte particuliere des environs du Fort de Maurepas et de la baye de Biloxy. 66 6.5 Distribution of Poitevent's Artifact Finds and His Interpretation of Structure Locations, Vieux Biloxi (22:Ja-534). 67 6.6 Old Spanish Fort/Krebs House. 68 6.7 Detail from Carte de la Riviere des Pascagoula by Dumont de Montigny, 1720s. 72 6.8 Distribution of La Pointe Phase Sites. 73 7.1 Native American Cultural Chronology: Eastern Mississippi Sound Region. 81 7.2 Poverty Point Objects and Ground Stone Artifacts. 83 7.3 Ground Stone Artifacts and Copper Artifacts. 85 7.4 Bone/AntlerArtifacts. 86 7.5 Projectile Point/Knives. 86 8.1 Distribution of Sites with Mounds. 89 Contents zzz Figures, continued 8.2 Relationship of Sites and Landform. 92 8.3 Relationship of Sites and Microenvironmental Setting. 92 8.4 Relationship of Sites and Elevation. 92 8.5 Soils in the Study Area. 94 A.I Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Ceramics. 119 A.2 Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Ceramics. 120 A3 Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Podal Supports. 121 A.4 Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Podal Supports and Bases. 122 A5 Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Ceramics. 123 A6 Apple Street Phase and Greenwood Island Phase Ceramics. 124 A.7 Greenwood Island Phase, Godsey Phase, and Graveline Phase Ceramics. 125 A8 Vessels Found in Road Cut at Graveline Mound. 126 A9 Graveline Phase, Tates Hammock Phase, and Pinola Phase Ceramics. 127 AIO Shell-tempered Vessels. 128 All Shell-tempered Handles. 129 AI2 Pinola Phase and Singing River Phase Ceramics. 130 A.13 Singing River Phase Shallow Bowls/Plates. 131 A.14 Singing River Phase Bowls. 132 AI5 Singing River Phase Bowls and Beakers. 133 AI6 Bear Point Phase Bowls. 134 AI7 La Pointe Phase Ceramics. 135 C.I Combined Species Totals: Godsey, Pinola, and Singing River Phase Samples. 163 C.2 Fish Size Ranges: Godsey, Pinola, and Singing River Phase Samples. 167 Tables 3.1 Characteristics of Claiborne and Apple Street Phase Sites. 20 3.2 Apple Street Phase Ceramic Complex. 25 3.3 Characteristics of Greenwood Island Phase Sites. 26 3.4 Greenwood Island Phase Ceramic Complex. 27 4.1 Godsey Phase Ceramic Complex. 39 4.2 Characteristics of Godsey Phase and Graveline Phase Sites. 40 4.3 Graveline Phase Ceramic Complex. 42 4.4 Characteristics of Tates Hammock Phase Sites. 46 4.5 Tates Hammock Phase Ceramic Complex. 46 5.1 Characteristics of Pinola Phase, Singing River Phase, and Bear Point Phase Sites. 56 iv Archaeological Report No. 30, 2000 Tables, continued 5.2 Pinola Phase Ceramic Complex. 57 5.3 Singing River Phase Ceramic Complex. 59 5.4 Bear Point Phase Ceramic Complex. 61 6.1 La Pointe Phase Ceramic Complex. 71 6.2 Characteristics of La Pointe Phase Sites. 73 7.1 Characteristics of Paleoindian and Archaic Sites. 76 7.2 Seriation ofTemper-Ware Groups. 78 7.3 Seriation of Decorated Type-Varieties. 79 7.4 . Distribution of Thirty Traits by Phase. 80 7.5 Radiocarbon Dates for the Eastern Mississippi Sound Region. 82 7.6 Distribution of Poverty Point Objects (Jackson County). 84 7.7 Distribution of Ground Stone Implements. 84 7.8 Distribution of Stone and Copper Ornaments. 85 7.9 Distribution ofBone/Antler Artifacts. 86 7.10 Distribution ofPost-Archaic Projectile Point/Knife Types. 87 8.1 Time-Adjusted Component Frequencies. 91 8.2 Relationship of Sites, Soil Types, and Soil Associations. 93 B.l Cultural Materials, Unit 1, Apple Street (22:Ja-530). 136 B.2 Cultural Materials, Unit 2, Apple Street (22:Ja-530). 137 B.3 Cultural Materials, Unit 3, Apple Street (22:Ja-530). 138 B.4 Cultural Materials, Unit 4, Apple Street (22:Ja-530). 139 B.5 Prehistoric Pottery, Aggregate Totals from Disturbed Contexts, Big Greenwood Island (22:Ja-516). 140 B.6 Cultural Materials, Unit 1, East Bayou LaMotte (22:Ja-555). 141 B.7 Cultural Materials, Surface and Disturbed Contexts (Shepard Collection), East Bayou LaMotte (22:Ja-555). 142 B.8 Cultural Materials, Unit 2, Godsey (22-Hr-591 ). 143 B.9 Cultural Materials, Surface and Disturbed Contexts (Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 4: Strata A-C, Trench I) Harvey (22-Hr-534). 144 B.I0 Cultural Materials, Unit 3, Harvey (22-Hr-534). 145 B.ll Cultural Materials, Unit 4, Stratum D (35-60 cm below surface), Harvey (22-Hr-534). 146 B.12 Cultural Materials, Unit 6, Harvey (22-Hr-534). 146 B.13 Cultural Materials, Unit 1, Graveline Mound (22:Ja-503). 147 B.14 Cultural Materials, Pinola Unit 1, Singing River (22:Ja-520). 148 B.15 Cultural Materials, Lewis Unit 1, Singing River (22:Ja-520). 150 Contents v B.16 Decorated Pottery, Area A and Area B Surface Context (Mansfield and Lewis Collections), Singing River (22:Ja-520). 152 B.17 Decorated Pottery, Singing River "Michelle Mound" (22:Ja-578), Tullis-Toledano Manor Collection. 152 B.18 Cultural Materials, Surface and Disturbed Contexts (Watkins Collection), Deer Island (22-Hr-500). 152 B.19 Native American Ceramics, Old Spanish Fort/Krebs House (22:Ja-526), All Provenience Units, 1992 Excavations. 153 B.20 Native American Ceramics, Old Spanish Fort/Krebs House (22:Ja-526), All Provenience Units, 1994 Excavations. 153 B.21 Cultural Materials, Surface and Disturbed Contexts (Tullis-Toledano Manor Collection), Homestead (22:Ja-521, 22:Ja-645). 154 B.22 Cultural Materials, Surface and Disturbed Contexts (Smith Collection), Homestead (22:Ja-645). 155 C.I Provenience of Faunal Samples. 156 C.2 Godsey Phase Faunal Remains, Godsey (22-Hr-591). 158 C.3 Pinola Phase Faunal Remains, Singing River (22:Ja-520). 159 C.4 Singing River Phase Faunal Remains, Singing River (22:Ja-520). 160 C.5 Burnt Bone. 160 C.6 Godsey Phase Faunal Remains from Features, Godsey (22-Hr-591). 161 C.7 Fish Spawning and Size Data. 165 C.8 Fish Size. 166 D.1 Flotation Samples Examined for Botanical Remains. 169 D.2 Nuts, Seeds, and Other Plant Parts Identified from the Godsey and Singing River Sites. 170 D.3 Nutshells, Seeds, and Other Plant Parts in the Godsey Site, Godsey Phase Samples. 171 D.4 Nutshells, Seeds, and Other Plant Parts in the Singing River Site, Pinola Phase Samples.
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