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Atlantic Council Experts Atlantic Council Members’ Conference Call Series Live from the NATO Summit: Assessing the Future of the Alliance Featuring remarks by: R. Nicholas Burns, Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Politics, Harvard Kennedy School of Government and Former US Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Damon Wilson, Executive Vice President, Atlantic Council Moderated by: Frederick Kempe, President and CEO, Atlantic Council Time: 12:30 p.m. EDT Date: Friday, September 05, 2014 Transcript by Federal News Service Washington, D.C. OPERATOR: Excuse me, everyone. We now have Atlantic Council president and CEO Frederick Kempe on the line to start the call. Please be aware that each of your lines is now in a listen-only mode. At the conclusion of the speaker’s remarks we’ll open the floor for questions. At that time instructions will be given on how to proceed if you’d like to ask a question. I would now like to turn it over to Mr. Kempe, who will be offering some introductory remarks and choose the speakers and facilitate the discussion. Mr. Kempe, you may begin. FREDERICK KEMPE: Thank you very much, Vicente. Welcome. As Vicente said, this is Fred Kempe. I first of all want to underscore how important the NATO summit is, that’s ongoing. Some people have said it’s one of the most important summits in NATO history. And one can regard that either from an upside or a downside, and our speakers will talk about that. We’ve got a lot of people on the line. We’re on the record. We’ll get to as many questions as we can. And we’ve got experts, one of them sitting in Cardiff, our own Damon Wilson, vice president – executive vice president of Atlantic Council, and then Nick Burns in Cambridge, the American Cambridge, at Harvard. And I’ll give each of them a quick introduction before we get going. A summary and transcript of the call will be on our website shortly after the call, as soon as we can get it up. This week NATO convened 40 heads of states from its members and partners for the alliance’s summit in Wales and the United Kingdom. This is, as I said, arguably one of the most important summits in NATO history as NATO is facing a range of challenges, from open conflict in Ukraine to the worrying and rapid proliferation of ISIS, the end of the largest mission in NATO’s history in Afghanistan. And then beyond the current headlines, NATO has to tackle an emerging world of geopolitical competition. We’ve seen the greatest number of crises since the end of the Cold War develop rapidly – it’s one of the worst Augusts I can remember in my entire life – and there’s real urgency to convening alliance leaders to galvanize international responses to these threats. So one of the question is whether this summit is living up to the challenges, and here to provide us with insights, as I said, Damon Wilson, executive vice president of the Atlantic Council. He’ll go first and give us a little bit of a briefing on what has happened thus far in Cardiff. And also, he was just completing our Atlantic Council Future Leaders Summit at the NATO summit, and maybe he’ll give us a quick download on what that was all about. Ambassador Nick Burns – he was ambassador of NATO – Atlantic Council board director, will follow him. Let me introduce him now so I won’t go through that again. Nick was a U.S. ambassador from 2001 to 2005 to NATO, ambassador to Greece ’97 to 2001, and spokesman of the State Department before that, 1995 to ’97. For five years he worked on the National Security Council at the White House, where he was a senior director for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia affairs and special assistant to President Clinton and director for Soviet affairs in the administration of President George H.W. Bush. Damon, from 2007 to 2009, served as special assistant to the president and senior director for European affairs at the – at the National Security Council. He had a series of jobs before that at NATO and the State Department, chief of staff at our embassy in Iraq, so a broad set of responsibilities where he’s – that have spanned international relations, and in particular – in particular Trans-Atlantic relations in NATO. So, Damon, why don’t you kick us off from Wales and then Nick will follow you? DAMON WILSON: Thank you very much, Fred. And it’s a pleasure to be here with everyone. Just right at the top let me just mention why we’re here and then I’ll get into framing – briefing sort of the summit decisions, and look forward to hearing Ambassador Burns’ analysis of that. We’re here at the invitation of both NATO and the British government to run what’s called the Future Leaders Summit. So we’ve recruited, from across 34 nations, all of NATO allies and key partners – North America, Europe, Eurasia, Middle East and North Africa and Asia, including Afghanistan – 34 delegates that are between the ages of 25 and 35. They’re entrepreneurs, CEOs, civil society leaders, parliamentary – members of parliament, diplomats, veterans, journalists who already have demonstrated proven leadership in their own countries, in their own communities. And we’ve been working essentially under the mandate of Secretary-General Rasmussen since the beginning of this year. And we’ve set out this project and training sort of in recognition that at the end of the day the Trans-Atlantic bond is underpinned by these relationships and that the alliance itself has to invest in that. So they gathered earlier this spring under the mandate of the secretary-general to prepare a report to the NAC, which they presented in Brussels in May, to help seed some ideas in advance of the Wales summit. We then have expanded the group and gathered them here in Wales, where over the past three days they’ve been engaging leaders, prime ministers, foreign ministers, defense ministers, the secretary-general, NATO’s military commanders to offer their own ideas and contributions. They’ve been playing a major public diplomacy role. We were the only sort of outside group, if you will, that was embedded in the Celtic Manor, the summit venue, and you can follow their big debate on the hashtag #futurenato. And they’re leaving Wales now with the tasking of taking forward the issues that they’ve selected on the NATO agenda to figure out how to have an impact, whether it’s on Afghanistan, emerging threats or Ukraine-Russia, as the working group, the Future Leaders – in many respects, as the secretary-general calls them, as these honorary ambassadors of the alliance going forward. And that’s what brought the Atlantic Council into the heart of the Wales summit, and so at the same that that organization role gave us a terrific access to the decision-makers as the decisions were being taken and as the summit was unfolding. So let me just briefly offer a little bit of a debrief. NATO itself saw this summit about a year and a half ago as a potentially reflective summit taking into account the drawdown after a decade-plus of combat in Afghanistan. And because of world events, it really, in their view, has turned into an inflection point summit, sort of stealing a phrase from Fred Kempe and the National Intelligence Council, about the time – times that we’re in. And you’re hearing NATO officials talk about this as a potential turning point summit for the alliance leading to a sort of realigned – a re-branded alliance, almost a NATO 4.0, as Ambassador Sandy Vershbow, the deputy secretary-general, has called it, recognizing that the first chapter of the alliance was about deterrence during the Cold War; second about outreach partnership and enlargement. The third phase was really the operational phase dominated by Afghanistan after 9/11, and now this NATO 4.0 has been a combination of going back to basics, because primarily of Mr. Putin, but also recognition that the alliance can’t be confined to basics and has really pushed forward on this idea of a heavily networked alliance that is the hub of a global security network. So it’s true the leaders were gathering at a – at a very difficult, potentially historic time, the drawdown of the mission in Afghanistan, the reeling impact of the defense cuts that we’ve experienced since the Great Recession and the reality that the arc of crisis, if you will, the periphery of the alliance is on fire looking at southeast – on Turkey’s border of Iraq and Syria, first and foremost, Ukraine – the Russian assault inside Ukraine. But even Libya, where the alliance ran an operation just two years ago, is in crisis today. At the same time, it’s against the backdrop of a clear approach from the Obama administration the past couple years to take an intentional step back within the alliance to force the other allies to step up and step forward and to address essentially this burden-sharing argument, as Secretary Gates and others have spoken to so forcefully during their tenures. And this summit came together with a sense of urgency because of the crises in Ukraine, Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan itself. The major decisions sort of fall into three bundles, and they’re pretty significant for the summit – for the alliance.
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