Management of Livelihood: Study of Selected Villages in Mulshi Tahsil in Maharashtra State
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) Management of Livelihood: Study of Selected Villages in Mulshi Tahsil in Maharashtra State. Amar M Dhere1, G.M.Pondhe2, Janradan A Pawar3 1Faculty, Environmental Science, Indira College of Commerce and Science, Pune, 411033, [email protected] Head P.G. Deptt. of Environmental Science, 2PVP College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Pravaranagar-Loni Dist. Ahemadnagar. 3Vice-Principal, Indira College of Commerce and Science, Pune 411033. ABSTRACT This research article aims to find the management of livelihood with the selected case study of Mulshi tahsil in Pune district. There are four villages selected through the purposive sampling method. However, information related to livelihood is collected from the 400 respondents which are selected through the accidental sampling method. Livelihood of the respective villages are purely depends on the agricultural activities. Although these villages are not so far from the Pune City but the development was very poor. The Japanese Cooperation support these villagers to earn the money from milk and allied agriculture activities but their benefits are limited to some class. Education, medical and economic filed in the selected villages are lagging behind the development of villagers. Therefore this study suggests that, there may be urgent attention for proper management of livelihood activities to give them opportunities to develop. Key Words- livelihood , agriculture, village, management. 1. Introduction Livelihood means of supporting one's existence, especially financially or vocationally; living: to earn a livelihood as a tenant farmer. Livelihood could be explained as how the people access the resources (land, water, forest etc), what they get in the ways to access the resources, how they exploit the resources to build assets and how those assets reduce their vulnerability to stress (ill health, hunger etc). A livelihood is a means of making a living. It encompasses people’s capabilities, assets, income and activities required to secure the necessities of life. A livelihood is sustainable when it enables people to cope with and recover from shocks and stresses (such as natural disasters and economic or social upheavals) and enhance their well-being and that of future generations without undermining the natural environment or resource base. Contingency Approach to Livelihood Promotion:- In 1989, Vijay Mahajan and Thomas Dichter, proposed an alternate livelihood promotion strategy through a paper: ‘A Contingency Approach to Enterprise Promotion’. They argued that promoting enterprises was complex and a better approach was to identify the bottleneck and work on that. In many cases, credit could be the only constraint. In such cases, minimalist credit was right and does work well. In other cases, credit is needed but is not the main constraint, what are needed could be skills, inputs or markets. Their argument was, though a large variety of services are required, all of them are not required at the same time and in every case. Thus the offering should be contingent upon what is needed in the situation. They also asserted that only a Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) specialized type of organization could do it. And as it is difficult to build competencies to address all these factors in-house, collaboration become necessary. This approach can be graphically explained. A barrel is made of planks of different heights. The planks of different heights represent different factor conditions. Maximum livelihoods that can be supported are determined by the weakest factor (credit in the figure 1 here). The livelihood intervention agency needs to identify the bottleneck and provide services to overcome them. At any point in time, one deficient factor is addressed, till, in comparison, another factor become deficient and needs attention. Thus, various inputs become critical at various times and need to be addressed. Rational of Study:- The present study is pioneer effort of the livelihood planning livelihood refer to discover livelihood of rural area in Mulshi tahasil of Pune district. The study area of this product is range part of Mulshi tahasil, work our study villages are 25-40km far from the Pune city. Whereas it 10km far from Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park Hinjewadi. These villages are situated at hilly places and neglected from the development. During our visit for NSS-national service scheme to the Khamboli village during dec.10 we found that livelihood issue are central area for the discuss among us. Therefore we are decided to study the livelihood of selected villages in the Mulshi tahasil. It is also interesting to see that Japanese Corporation- a autonomous agency run by Japanese government spend enough amount on so many project to enhance the economical prosperity of these villages. Therefore the study will get the vital contribution to know right about the economical, social aspect of the Khamboli, Pimpolie, Javal and Katarkhadak village in the Mulshil tahasil. Methodology A) Objectives: 1. To find the social and economical characteristics with livelihood thinking. 2. To check the resources for the earning in the study area. 3. To analyze several issues of livelihood this supported the future planning. B) Study area: There are four villages selected in the Mulshil tahasil. These are Katarkhadak, Khamboli, Pimpolie and Javal. Information of these villages is narrated in the table number 1. Table No. 1 Information of study villages. Population Name of village Schools Hospitals Voters Male Female Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) Pimpolie 600 700 Up to 6th Standard Nil 800 Katarkhadak 700 400 Up to 6th Standard 01 health clinic 600 Javal 700 300 Up to 7th Standard Nil 500 Up to 10 th Khamboli 800 400 Nil 700 Standard C) Sample and Data Collection: We have visited 4 villages and they are Katarkhadak, Khamboli, Pimpolie and Javal. Total houses in the villages are 400 houses. In Katarkhadak 93 houses, Khamboli 100 houses, Javal 107 houses and Pimpolie 100 houses. The secondary resources for reviewing the results are collected from books, journals articles and websites. Results and Discussion Table No. 2 Village Villages Respondents Percent Katarkhadak 93 23.3 Khamboli 100 25 Javal 107 26.8 Pimpolie 100 25 Total 400 100 In table number 1 respondents are covered in the all villages. There are equal respondents are covered in the study villages. Table No. 3 Educational status of respondent. School Respondents Percent Up to 10th 225 56.3 Graduation 4 1 Post Graduation 3 0.8 Illiterate 168 42.1 Total 400 100 Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) We get more male respondents during excursion. Females are busy with house work and some are gone for collection of the water from reservoir and hand pump. Up to 10th standard schooling is available in the Khamboli village were students from adjoining villages are studied. Then many of them are not done the future education. Majority of respondents are illiterate this may be one of the reason to their under-development. Average family size of study is 6 were 28 members are seen in single family and many families have more than 10 members. In that sex ratio is equal. Table No. 4 Land holding pattern study area Responses Respondents Percent Yes 376 94 No 24 6 Total 400 100 Table No.5 Facilities for Irrigation Irrigation facilities Respondents Percent Well 19 4.8 Well and Tube well 3 0.8 Well, Tube well And Rain Water 1 0.3 Well and Rain Water 3 0.8 Tube well 25 6.3 Tube well and Canal 4 1 Tube well, Canal and Rain Water 3 0.8 Canal 22 5.5 Canal and Rain Water 12 3 Rain water 246 61.5 Rain Water and Other 4 1 Other 29 7.3 None 29 7.3 Total 400 100 Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) In the table number 6 there are 94% member of the family have their own land. This clearly shows that people in the villages have only source of income is farming. Rain water is a major source of irrigation. Therefore agricultural activities are seasonal and these people pool limited agricultural resources. Diag. No. 1 House Type Well Non Built Built 61% 39% Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) Yes 41% No 59% Diag. No. 2 Latrine Facility In the study area well build houses and comparative to this the latrine facility is lacking in many houses.