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Dartmouth Model United Nations April 5 - 7, 2019 League of Nations Dartmouth Model United Nations April 5 - 7, 2019 League of Nations Dartmouth Model United Nations Conference 14th Annual Conference – April 5 – 7, 2019 Dartmouth College – Rockefeller Center – Hanover, NH 03755 E-mail: [email protected] - http://sites.dartmouth.edu/modelun Lauren Bishop December 5, 2018 Secretary-General Dear Delegates: Shelley Wang Director-General On behalf of the entire Dartmouth Model United Nations staff, I would like to welcome and thank you for registering for the fourteenth annual Dartmouth Model United Nations conference this Mila Escadajillo April 2019. We have been working relentlessly since the end of last year’s conference to provide a Chief of Staff better and more worthwhile Model U.N. experience for this spring’s delegates. Brandon Zhou DartMUN is a unique conference. We pair world-class delegations and dais staff members in Charge d’Affaires smaller, more-interactive environments to facilitate an enriching experience for delegates of all skill levels. We believe DartMUN’s active, small committees ensure delegates feel comfortable Clayton Jacques immersing themselves in a competitive but supportive environment that encourages trial by error Undersecretary-General of and participation. Furthermore, DartMUN’s well-trained staff is excited to work with your General Assembly delegates this winter in committee to equip the next generation of college students with the skills to tackle complex global problems. Daniel Bring Undersecretary-General of This being said, Model United Nations is only meaningful when delegates are thoroughly Special Committees prepared. To aid in your research preparation, your committee staff has spent hours researching, writing, and editing this Background Guide. The Background Guide serves as an introduction to Nishanth Chalasani your respective committee and an overview of the topics that you will be debating over the course Undersecretary-General of Current Crises of the conference. Samuel Zarkower The Background Guide is intended to be a starting point for your research and is not, in itself, an Undersecretary-General of adequate exposure to the complexities of your committee’s topics. To be prepared, each delegate Future and Historical Crises should do further research and focus on processing information through the lens of their respective country or position. If you are having trouble digesting all the information, the Background Guide Bill Kosmidis contains relevant discussion questions that break down the topics. Also, as questions or ideas arise, Undersecretary-General of Ad- do not be shy in contacting your committee staff via e-mail. Committee staff are knowledgeable Hoc and can help you better understand a particular topic or how your country fits into a larger international debate. More often than not, discussing the problem with another person can open up Alec Rossi more paradigms and viewpoints that may guide you throughout the brainstorming process. Director of Finance and Public Relations As in years past, all delegates are expected to write a brief position paper before the conference to synthesiZe all of their preparatory research and analysis. Please see the position paper guidelines Bethany David on the conference website for specific information about content, format, etc. Committee staff will Director of Technology collect position papers at the beginning of the first committee session on Friday evening. Bring a hard copy because delegates who do not submit position papers will not be eligible for awards. I Shawdi Mehrvarzan look forward to meeting you this coming spring. Deputy Chief of Staff Sincerely, DartMUN is a student-run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by Lauren Bishop the Rockefeller Center for Public Policy. Secretary-General DartMUN XIV 2 Dartmouth Model United Nations Conference 14th Annual Conference – April 5 – 7, 2019 Dartmouth College – Rockefeller Center – Hanover, NH 03755 E-mail: [email protected] - http://sites.dartmouth.edu/modelun Lauren Bishop Dear Delegates: Secretary-General Shelley Wang Welcome to the 14th year of DartMUN and the League of Nations Committee! I am Director-General confident that our League of Nations simulation will be a captivating and exciting new experience for all of you! We look forward to seeing you soon and hope that you’ll leave this Mila Escadajillo Chief of Staff committee having learned a lot about Model UN, world history and having met lots of new and wonderful people! Brandon Zhou Charge d’Affaires Over the course of the weekend, Elijah CzysZ and I will have the privilege of working with Clayton Jacques you as cochairs of the League of Nations. To tell you a little about my background, name is Undersecretary-General of Udai Singh and I grew up in Mumbai, India, before moving to Scarsdale, New York in 2013. General Assembly I’m a freshman here at Dartmouth College and am really excited to be involved with Daniel Bring DartMUN! For the timebeing I’m planning on being an Economics and Quantitative Social Undersecretary-General of Science double major with a German minor but we’ll see how that goes. Other things I’m Special Committees involved with on campus include the Dartmouth Investment Philanthropy program and the Nishanth Chalasani Climbing Team. In my free time I love to read, travel, learn new languages, procrastinate and Undersecretary-General of take naps. Current Crises Samuel Zarkower Working alongside me is Elijah CZysZ. Elijah is a freshman from Concord, New Hampshire. Undersecretary-General of At Dartmouth, he is active in the Mountaineering Club, Climbing Team and Marching Band. Future and Historical Crises Being a freshman, this is Elijah’s first year with DartMUN. However, the committee can rest Bill Kosmidis assured, as he has four years of experience debating and chairing from high school. In his Undersecretary-General of Ad- free time, Elijah loves to ski, play intramural hockey, listen to music and play overly Hoc complicated board games. Elijah will most likely end up a Geography major and Alec Rossi Quantitative Social Science minor. But most importantly, he is completely and utterly stoked Director of Finance and Public to co-chair this committee! Relations Bethany David Sincerely, Director of Technology Shawdi Mehrvarzan Udai Singh Deputy Chief of Staff DartMUN is a student-run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by the Rockefeller Center for Public Policy. 3 League of Nations DartMUN XIV Introduction to the League of When French forces entered the Ruhr in 1923, the League was unable to punish Nations, 1931 France or force a withdrawal. In the early The League of Nations was formed 1930s, the League was still viewed by many in 1919 following the First World War. It as a source of hope and cooperation. Its was formed as part of the Treaty of responses to two major crises, the Japanese Versailles and was proposed by then US Invasion of Manchuria and the Chaco War, President Woodrow Wilson. The purpose of would be crucial to its future. It is in this the organiZation was to provide a forum for setting that our committee will be taking the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Though place. the United States played a key role in its creation, Congress voted to not join the League. The League of Nations had a mixed Topic A: Japanese Invasion of record in conciliation of conflict. Though it successfully managed a number of crises Manchuria between 1920 and 1925, including border Topic A concerns the Japanese disputes between Sweden and Finland and Invasion of Manchuria. The committee will the near collapse of the Austrian economy, it be taking place only a few days after the was ultimately held back by a number of supposed invasion. structural problems.1 In their attempts to preserve national sovereignty, the creators of Japanese Build-Up to the Invasion the League had created a situation in which As a result of economic struggles the League did not really have much and increasing nationalism, Japanese society enforcement power due to a lack of in the early 1930s was increasingly willingness by the League to really punish militaristic. Between 1930 and 1932, the violators. For example, when Vilnius was Japanese economy experienced its biggest ruled to rightfully belong to Lithuania, the Polish government refused to leave the city.2 1 2 https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/gloss https://www.jstor.org/stable/2189032?seq=1#meta ary/league-of-nations.cfm data_info_tab_contents League of Nations DartMUN XIV downturn in modern history. There were a the military. Within the military, ultra- number of reasons for this downturn, nationalist groups formed with the purpose including the Minsei Party government’s of rejecting the party system, uniting the policy of deflation and preparation for the nation under the empire, introducing new return of the gold standard, as well as the economic schemes and saving the rural Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the following poor.5 Additional external factors also global Depression. The significant downturn played an important role in the Japan’s in the economy had many serious effects on motivation to invade. Geographically, Japanese society, but perhaps the most Manchuria was highly important to Japanese important was the emergence of military and interests because it was in the “common right-wing movements.3 The blame for back yard of Japan and Asiatic Russia as much of the economic despair was placed on well as an integral if not an integrated part the government, and ordinary citiZens of China.” China was also beginning to became more sympathetic to nationalist and become more unified under the leadership of militaristic movements. In the period leading Chiang Kai-shek and Manchuria in turn was up the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria, the becoming closer to China under the military began to overshadow the influence leadership of the Young Marshal (Zhang of the civilian government, which led to a Xueliang).6 This growing tie increased the more aggressive foreign policy.
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