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Notes on Bacchylides

R. C. Jebb

The Classical Review / Volume 12 / Issue 03 / April 1898, pp 152 - 158 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00025713, Published online: 27 October 2009

Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00025713

How to cite this article: R. C. Jebb (1898). Notes on Bacchylides. The Classical Review, 12, pp 152-158 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00025713

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Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 138.251.14.35 on 22 Mar 2015 152 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. was thought to be at the north' (op. dt. p. ' behind the temple of Athena called Polias ' 39). The Opisthodomus, then, was to the the original author of the obscure definition south of the Erechtheum. Further, it is reproduced in V must have meant ' to the suggested on the strength of Hdt. 8, 55 that south of the Pandroseum,' where ex hypothesi a Greek felt the Pandroseum to be part of a structure stood that might perhaps have the Erechtheum; and in the end the been called ' the Opisthodomus.' But it is Opisthodomus is discovered to the south, precisely the existence of such a building not of the temple buildings, but of the that stands in need of proof. The restora- precinct called the Pandroseum, on the site tion, partial or complete, of the old Hecatom- of the three western rooms and western pedon destroyed by the Persians is merely a portico of the old Hecatompedon. The theory conjecture, not an unquestionable fact is that these chambers which made up the certified by ancient authorities and archi- Opisthodomus or ' back part' of the ' ante- tectural remains. When the position of the Persian ' temple of Athena, were rebuilt, Opisthodomus is discovered, it will be after the devastation of the Acropolis by possible to interpret the statement of Xerxes' army, to serve as a treasury of the Harpocration, Photius, Suidas, and Schol. R gods and of the state, that they retained on Aristoph. Plut. 1193 that it was 'behind their old name, although the rest of the the temple of Athena' and estimate the building was not restored, and that they value of the unique note in the Venetus, on constitute ' the Opisthodomus' of literature which Prof. White builds. But in this matter and inscriptions. Now, if it had been the lexica and scholia are worthless, since convincingly demonstrated that the western every critic can construe them in accordance portion of the ' ante-Persian' temple of with his own prepossessions. My bias, I Athena was rebuilt between the years will confess, inclines me towards the 479 B.C. and 435-4 B.C, in order that Athens Parthenon. might not be without a treasury, it might W. WYSE. be permissible to conclude that by the words

NOTES ON BACCHYLIDES. (Continued from p. 133.)

XVII. 95-99. I wish to amend one by //. 4. 167 (Ztvi) awos «riZeus ' brandishes over' the Trojans directly VOTOV 8' tKovTes l£eo-av (the last word beingsuggests the storm-cloud. But the aegis due to Mr. F. W. Thomas). But the worn by Athena as part of her panoply was Facsimile (col. 26) convinces me that what regularly depicted as a short cape or mantle. was read as EKON is EKOAI, the last She can, indeed, spread this to the wind as stroke being doubtless part of TT, so that a sail (poi/SSowra KOXTTOV afytSos, Aesch. Eum. 404); but she could not well be described Prof. Blass is right in giving iKo as ' shaking' it like a shield. As to the To this, however, he subjoins crvv form irtXc/uuyii, Mr. Headlam remarks that where the metre indicates only ~ - (cp. 31, (despite such exceptions as Ttpiruitpawos) we 64, 130,196). Read ovpia VOTOV S' iKoXirwo-av might rather expect TreXe/jugaiyis. No other irvorj | lo-rCov K.T.X. : cp. Anth. 9. 363 irvouy compound with irckefi- or irfX-efug- occurs. anT7/AavTIliad I.e., there is a reference to the storm- punds of sroXe/ios cp. Batrachom. 475 cloud. Even if (as seems probable) the poet IlaAAaSa •7rifuf/u,f).ev iro\e(i.6ipu)v. Prof. Housmind- . But that he should have conceived man and Mr. W. Head lam propose Athena (like the Homeric Zeus) as ' shaking' occA/uuyiSos ('aegis-shaking'), an ingenious the storm-aegis is most unlikely, when we conjecture, which Mr. Headlam illustrates remember that her cape-aegis was already THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 153 a fixed convention of contemporary Greek 46, etc. Hence ~o~v 8' opw', with the chief art. Thus on that very cylix of Euphronius emphasis on the imperative, is quite com- (circ. 490-450 B.C.) which illustrates one patible with crv rd.Se fiev /JAnm? two lines scene of this poem—the reception of Theseus before, where the emphasis on crv is normal. by Amphitrite—Athena, the hero's guardian Prof. Platt's rdb" i/jca is a plausible goddess, is wearing the cape-aegis (Baumeist- conjecture (though he need not have altered er, p. 1793). ©ijtreu into ®rjPoseidon, It was with a malignant intent, as the poet —aye, and the Nereids gave her a golden hints, that he had challenged Theseus to ask a sign from Poseidon:—vaii>e . . iroraiviav veil.' IOTTXOKOI ye seems, then, possible. fjLrjriv (v. 51). Theseus sprang from the deck XVII. 74-76. into the sea,—and no sign of the sea-god's ®7)pa- ev, olaunv b/ povrio-i wvOtv: id. 7. 159 ei S' apa prj Sucatots apxecr- Kvuxrcnov e&xacrev (rrpaTayerav,,—'in what fat. 6a\- in favour of TO.£CV (or TSK«V) as against ya(?ev: fiovs seems to be derived from that of oira I wish to examine his argument. Dis- Xeipidecnrav asrijv vpoo-qvrj Kal ^8eiav(Hesych.), regarding the accent on Karovpov in the a ' soothing' or ' pleasing' voice. This ex- MS. v. 87 f., he writes Karovpov, and planation of Xcipidcis in that phrase is explains the passage as follows. When generalised in the gloss of Suidas, X«pidora' Theseus, accepting the challenge of Minos, dn-aXd, wpooTjv^, repirvd, r)Ma. It is unfortu- jumped overboard, 'Minos was filled with nate that we know nothing as to the age remorse, as befitted a son of Zeus, to think or source of Aapid<£#aVos : we can OQ^7 Ba7 that he had sent a fine young fellow to his that it has the stamp of a late word. But it death.' So he ordered the crew to stop the is quite intelligible that the old epic oiro ship, which was running before the wind Xtipidecrcrav (varied in later epos to oiro Xeiptov) (Karovpov lo^ev . . vaa). ' But fate ordained should have been taken to mean, (1) a voice a different course.' And what was this of delicate charm—the image being borrowed ' different course ' ] Simply, according to from the delicate beauty of the lily; cp. Mr. Housman, that the ship should sail on. Xpda keipioevra, 'delicate skin,' in II. 13. But, if Minos told his men to stop the ship, 830: and then, by an easy transition, (2) why did they not do so % Did fate inspire a 'a gentle or soothingvoice,'—irpoaTjvTJ,—which mutiny on board % Or, if the Kv/3epvqrr]swould well suit (e.g.) the cwra Xecpiov of the obeyed Minos, and put his helm hard up, Sirens (Ap. Rhod. 4. 903). Next would did fate forbid the ship to answer it J In come secondary phrases of a more artificial either case, the operation of fate was of so cast, such as Aetpta o/ufutTa in the sense of remarkable a kind that one might have blandi oculi, ' gentle ' eyes. Is such a phrase expected the poet to say more about it. too artificial,—too Alexandrian,—for a poet Then this sudden tenderness of Minos, living in the first half of the fifth century though in itself an engaging trait, is B.C. ? My own instinct would be rather to surprisingly inconsistent with the rest of answer that question in the affirmative. his conduct in this Minotaur business; But it remains a possibility that Bacchylides if he really stopped to pick up Theseus, may have intended such a sense. The only his true motive (one might suspect) was alternative that I can see is to understand, consideration for the hungry Minotaur. ' eyes of delicate beauty.' When Pindar Lastly, as to the change of KO.T' ovpov calls the white coral keipwv avdtjxov iron-ias into KaTovpov (a word which nowhere . . . Upo-as (N. 7. 79) that notion is present; occurs, but for which Mr. Housman com- there, however, the notion of colour also pares tirovpos) : he assumes that lar^ev KIXTOV- comes in. pov vaa means loytiv rrjv Karovpi^ovo-av vavv, ' to stop the ship which was (then) running XVII. 123-129. ' before the wind' j but, according to the ordinary idiom of classical Greek, the sense / should be rather, ' to keep the ship before the •n-e 8' d/i<£! yviois Oeiov 8S>p', dyXod- wind,' Karovpov being still equivalent to KCIT' dpovoi Tt Kovpai avv tv- ovpov. In support of the MS. nar ovpov dvfiiq. veoKTiVft) lo-^ev as =' to keep before the wind,' it ci>XdXv£av IxXayev 8e may be noted that the phrase t^tiv vavv •jrovroi- T]6eoi h" iyyvOev often occurs with reference to keeping a ship vioi Tratavifav ipara OTTI. on a certain course : e.g. Od. 10. 91 Iv6' ol y Who are the Kovpai in v. 125 ? dyXad- eura> mures fyov vias, (' thereinto they all Bpovos is an epithet of the Muses in Pind. steered their ships'); Her. 6. 95 oi napa TTJV 0. 13. 96 ; and of the Danaides in N. 10. 1 rprtipov fx\ov ras vcas K.T.X. (with reference to their-representation in XVII. 95. XeipiW. . . ofifidrtov. What sculpture). So evOpovos is said by Pindar of is the meaning of the epithet1? Suidas has Aphrodite, the Horae, the daughters of Xcipd<£daX/£os (which, by the way, is not in L. Cadmus, and Clio. The epithet dyXaddpovoi and S.), 6 irpo6a\iws. are divine (or semi-divine) persons; and The form Xctpds is, indeed, given by Hesych. these can here be only the Nereids. Cp. THE CLASSICAL EEVIEW. 155 Pind. If. 4, 65 vif/idpovuiv /uav NrjprjtSiov. Iayovran iroAAaj' in 34, a plural like v Eur. LA. 239 ff. golden statues of Nereids is slightly better than the singular owoirXoio. are at the sterns of the ships of Achilles. Theseus found the Nereids in the halls of XVIII. 50-54. Amphritite (v. 101 fi.). If the epithet be KTJVTVKTOV Acucai- pressed, they must be imagined as still seated vav Kparbs virip there; their cry of joy, mingled with the XLTiava iroptpvpeov sound of the sea (IxAayev), is heard from the (TTepvois T' a/j.i KCU ovXiov depths : they rejoice in the honours shown ®ea(ra\a.v x\a/A,v8'' K.T.X. to the son of Poseidon. But ayXaoOpovoi might also be taken as merely an epitheton As to the last three of these verses, the ornans; just as the palace of Poseidon obvious remedy has been proposed by Prof, beneath the waves is called that of iraTpbs v. Wilamowitz, and (independently) by Prof. lirviov (v. 99f.). The phrase vptov \ vtoKTiTio might naturally suggest that the XirStv S.fi.(pi. The problem of v. 51 remains, Kovpai are the seven Athenian maidens on where the " " - given by (Kpa.T)bs virtp ought board the ship: but ayXaoOpovoi must then refer merely to their seats on the iKpia at to be -"", as is indicated by vv. 6, 21, the stern (as in Eur. Helen. 1571 Helen sits 36. Prof. Crusius, indeed, holds (Philol. lvii. iv ntA/ois): and considering their p. 175) that ' Ionics with anaclasis' form a plight as victims destined for the Minotaur, characteristic element in the logaoedic style the epithet would be strange indeed. of this poem, and that anaclasis explains Further, the term •jf&oi in 128 would the metrical divergence between v. 51 and naturally denote both the maidens and the the triad of corresponding verses: but I can- youths, as it does in v. 43 and 93, and as not persuade myself of this. Mr. W. Headlam Kovpovs also does in v. 3. [Since writing (C.R. xii. 67) says, 'Possibly xparos Kara,' this, I learn that M. Henri Weil also comparing Od. 8. 84 f. pevas is accepted by Prof. v.sense results? 'He had a helmet. . , and Wilamowitz (Gotl. Am. p. 138). If cu8ip.ouri 8' w/xots | 4. 241 ayairdtflvr'. avrUa K.T.X. $ios e^etv) : and it is quite true that the XVIII. 35. rj povvov (rvv OVXOUTIV MS.dative would be normal. But the genitive Verses 5, 20, and 50 show the metre also occurs, though rarely, with irtpl in the •*L* 3 - v/ ^ — « -. We need not change p.ovvovlocal sense : see Od. 5. 68 ij 8' atrov rerawaro TT€p\ enra'ous yXavpo?o | rj[i.epis, ' about the to y.6vov here, nor KY[UTVKTOV to KrjvrvKov in 50. hollow cave trailed a garden-vine.' Again, Kenyon gives TJ p,6vov T avoirXov re vw. On thiisn Od. 5. 130 irepl rpoTrios ySeySaomi ('bestrid- view the cruv OTTXOIO-IV of the MS. would be aing the keel') is exactly parallel with a/i.

156 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.

tinguished defenders—Prof. v. Wilamowitz XVIII. 29 eh' OSV...33 i) p"a...35 tj (' Was war. . . als Io . . . ?'), and Prof. ...37 i/j.01 /j.ev ovv. Crusius, who regards it as an old formula in In 33 we must certainly (I think) read beginning a story. (Both critics hold the r) pa. In 29, where I accepted Mr. Kenyon's iambus to be admissible.) But I agree with reading of EITOYN as «IT' OVV, I now prefer those who think Tuqv corrupt. Mr. Marindin my earlier view, that it should be read as proposes to read TUV (Doric inf.), and to tii-' ovv. The whole context from 29 to 37 omit the point after yepas, so that the con- is then as follows :—' Now whether fate de- struction is, Xaxpurav l£o-)(ov yepas TUV, creed that Hermes should (unaided) slay quae rein eximiam celebrandam acceperis : cp. Argus, or [rj in 33] whether the ceaseless Aesch. Ag. 705 f. TO W^OTI/JLOV | /teAos cares of Argus finally exhausted him, or [i) CKC/HITO)? Tiovras. The point after yepas in in 35] the Muses lulled him to sleep,—for the MS. is not conclusive against this me at any rate [«/AOI /lev ovv in 37] it is safest attractively simple correction; for such a (to relate only what is certain—or the final point would naturally have been added when issue—viz., the arrival of Io in Egypt, and TIEN came to be read as TIHN («' rjv). the birth of Epaphus).' The defective verse The connection, however, of "Apyos off hririov 38, do-aXio-TaTov evye /?ovs as defining[Seeking to preserve the sequence dir, with- either 686v, the strain of song, or (which out inserting the conjectural iota which prep would be more natural) yepas, the choice requires, I suggested awtp eiXucpivfj Xeyeiv : tfieme: 'k(namely the time) when lo was but it has been rightly objected that the fleeing,' etc. This is not (I think) at all adj. is a prose word. I took -ov airep to be impossible; but it is somewhat strange. " ~ ~ for - ". aircp ififpavrj Xeyeiv Would be I am much disposed to accept a con- possible.] jecture of Mr. W. Headlam (G.R. xii. p. 68), which allows us to keep the MS. XVIII. 39-45. stop after yepas : viz. r)ev, ' There was a time eirel irap' dvde/iopeov

;• r.Jl THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 15? tory epithet should belong rather to Epaphus against the archer-god; when Zeus inter- or his royal descendants. Therefore it seems vened, and allowed Marpessa to take her probable that viv in 42 referred, not to Io, choice. She chose Idas, fearing that her but to Epaphus. immortal lover might forsake her in her old If XIVOOTOXCOV was an epithet of the priests, age. we might restore {exempli gratia) thus :— Here is the text of the fragment:—

41 'IOJ (pipovcra 7raT6" [yirepTarov Aios] pq "BTTCK^OV ev6a vi[v lepecov e&jicev] £av0al [ \ivoo~r6\a>v irpv[ra.vi,v] TotdvSe ucAos K\ inrepoxy /Jpvovrfa TrXovruf], • > » \ \ r 45 /jxyiorav re 6v[arS>v KTicre OTropav]. or ayero *caAAwro[ 5 Kopav 6patTVKap[ For Itpitav ( — "-), cp. II. 2 lepdv ( ). NLapwrjcrcrav io\ The subject to tOtjKtv and Kricre would be v 0T[ Ztu's, supplied from Aids in 41. If \IVOv [ suggest in 42 (with a different but equally o[ possible rhythm), The restoration of the first five verses is "Eiraov ivOa viv Icrcrs hap.orav. easy, so far as their general sense is con- XVIII. 46-48. cerned (and that is all which we can hope to odev Kal dyavop«[ recover). They may have run somewhat as iv iirrair6\oi[(rt J/] follows:— KdS/ios 2e/i.«[Xav tjtvrcwrfv]. pa TTOT' iv [evpu^dpai v. Wilam., Headlam] Led by dyavope in the first transcript, I conjectured dyavdpeios. The Facsimile shows f after A TAN OP a small vestige of the top of ToioVSe ix.iA.os f<[dp(u q.Sov v. Wilam.] a letter which might be I quite H^ well ;is E. or ayfro KaWnra.\paov Platt] Kapav OpacrvKapSioi "I8os. And since I is admissible, it is obvious that we should read 'Ayavopt'Sas (as Crusius, v. To restore verses 6-11 is more difficult. Wilamowitz, and Blass agree in doing). Three conditions of the problem must first Agenor, father of Cadmus, was grandson of be noted. (1) We must have a verb to Epaphus. which Iloo-iSav (UocreiSav) in v. 8 can be subject, and wnrous in 9 object. (2) The XX. Idas and Lynceus were sons of place of re shows that it cannot link this Aphareus and 'Aprjvr] (d), a Messenian hero new sentence, in which Poseidon is subject, and heroine: hence the brothers are to the former sentence, in which Idas is 'AfaprrrtSat. (Pind. X. 10. 65). Idas and subject and ayero verb, re must link ixxous Apollo were rivals for the love of Marpessa, to another ace. (which may have either daughter of the Aetolian Eifyvos. Evenus preceded or followed linrovs); and this other compelled suitors for his daughter's hand to ace. was probably that of a word denoting engage in some contest with him, slew them chevriot. Cp. Pind. 0. 1_ 86 (in the parallel when they were vanquished, and roofed a story of Pelops being aided by Poseidon to temple with their skulls. This was told by win Hippodameia from Oenomaus), rbv tiev Bacchylides (as we learn from schol. Pind. dydXXwv Oebs | ISttMcev 8iPleuron, that Idas brought home at the river Lycormas in Aetolia, finding Marpessa. Pleuron was near the river that he could not overtake them, he Evenus. Evenus figures in mythology as a slaughtered his horses, and drowned himself king in Aetolia, great-grandson of Pleuron in the river, which thenceforth bore his (Apoll. 1. 7. § 8). Pleuron is here mani- name. Idas brought Marpessa to his home festly the seat of Evenus, to which Idas in Messene. Apollo came to take her from went for the purpose of winning Marpessa. him. The undaunted hero bent his bow Simonides had, indeed, named 'Oprvyiav TTJV 158 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. cv XOAKISI (in Euboea) as the home from from Pleuron—to what place % To Messenia, which Idas carried her off (schol- H. 9. 556); as the old legend of Meo-ouvios "I8as (Theocr. but, in placing her home at Pleuron, B. was 22. 208) told? That is not likely. Pausa- probably following the more generally cur- nias (3. 13. 1) saw the tomb of Idas and rent version. (4) Evenus was the son of Lynceus at Sparta. He remarks that one Ares and Demonice (Apoll. I.e.). The last might have expected them to be buried in word in v. 11 was probably 'Apijos. "We Messenia. [The tomb of their Messenian may now restore (exempli gratia) somewhat father Aphareus was the scene, in the old as follows:— legend, of their death in conflict with the Dioscuri,—Lynceus perishing by the Mdpjnjcrtrav lo spear of Polydeuces, and Idas by the ^>vyft)v Oavarov [ irope 8ipov\ lightning of Zeus, Pind. N. 10. 66 fE.] ava£iaAos IIoo-i[8av] But, adds Pausanias, the misfortunes of the iinrovs T€ oi laavli/J-ovs' 6 yap iXGtav] Messenians, and their long exile from Peloponnesus, had dimmed their local s v'ib[v traditions, and had made it possible 'for any people who were so disposed ' to claim The ace. vlbv (which euphony as well as the those traditions as their own. Ovid (Fasti context makes more likely than vios) prob- V. 708) further illustrates this: he places ably depended on a verb denoting some the fatal encounter of the Apharetidae action of Idas of which Evenus was the with the Dioscuri at Aphidna—not the object (e.g. ^rrja-e Kopav). B.'s account of Attic, but the Laconian: cp. Steph. Byz, the manner in which Evenus had dealt with "AiSva Si}//,os 'ATTIK^S. IOTI KOX AaicwviKrjs, former suitors (schol. Pind. /. 4. 92) may oOtv rjo-av cu AevxiViriSes (the maidens beloved have followed in connection with this by the Apharetidae). There can be little doubt, then, that in the imOaXdiuov of Idas The title of the poem in the MS. is and Marpessa, 'sung of yore at Sparta by IAAZ AAKEAAIMONIOIZ. The corres- the golden-haired maidens of Lacedaemon,' ponding A0 H N A101EI in the title of XIX Lacedaemon was the home to which Idas is shown by the internal evidence of that brought home his bride. Simonides, if the fragment to be right. Even though we schol. on 11. 9. 559 can be trusted, had made assume that these titles can claim no older Idas a Lacedaemonian, but mentioned authority than that of an Alexandrian editor, Arene in Messenia as the place to which we may well suppose that, if XX had come Idas brought Marpessa. This fragment of down entire, we should have found in it some Bacchylides has thus the mythological internal evidence confirmatory of what the interest of affording the earliest testimony opening lines suggest,—that it was written which we possess to the Spartan usurpation for a Lacedaemonian festival, and presumably of the Messenian legend. for a festival at Sparta. The Lacedaemonian E. C. JEBB. maidens sang how Idas carried off Marpessa

NOTES ON MACROBITJS.

FALLACY OP HOMONYMS.

ALL readers must concur in Eyssenhardt's cur in Aegypto, quae regionum aliarum calidissima est, vinum non calida, sed, paene dixerim, frigida eulogy on his predecessor : • Ludovicus virtute nascatur 1 § 10. Ad hoc Diarius : Usu tibi, Ianius, cuius ingenti tot annorum diligen- Albine, compertum est aquas quae vel de altis pnteis tiae vix dici potest quantum debeant qui in vel de fontibus hauriuntur fumare hieme, aestate Macrobio aut emendando aut enarrando ver- frigescere. ... § 11. Quod ergo ubique alternatur varietate temporis, hoc in Aegypto semper est, cuius santur.' aer semper est in calore. Frigus enim ima petens It is only the more needful to warn stu- vitium radicibus involvitur et talem dat qualitatem dents against occasional slips, even in so suco inde nascenti. Ideo regionis calidae Tina calore learned and vigilant a guide as L. Jan. caruerunt. In book vii. c. 8, we read : Here vitium radicibus is evidently ' vine- § 9. Caecina subiecit: Dum de calore loquimur, roots.' Yet Jan takes vitium as the nomi- admoneor rei quam semper qnaesitu dignam putavi, native neuter of the second declension: