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Excavations at Whitewall Brake Romano-British Site. Caerwent Training Area Defence Training Estate Wales & West NGR: ST 4753 9114

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Excavations at Whitewall Brake Romano-British Site. Caerwent Training Area Defence Training Estate Wales & West NGR: ST 4753 9114 Excavations at Whitewall Brake Romano-British Site. Caerwent Training Area Defence Training Estate Wales & West NGR: ST 4753 9114 Adam Clapton ULAS Report No 2017-071 © ULAS 2017 Excavations at Whitewall Brake Romano-British Site, Caerwent Training Area Defence Training Estate Wales & West NGR: ST 4753 9114 Adam Clapton For: Landmarc Support Services Limited Filename/Version Checked by Date 2017-071 draft1 30/06/2017 Vicki Score 2017-071 draft2 17/07/2017 Vicki Score 2017-071 final 26/09/2017 Vicki Score University of Leicester, Archaeological Services, University Rd., Leicester, LE1 7RH Tel: (0116) 2522848 www.le.ac.uk/ulas ULAS Report Number 2017-071 © ULAS 2017 CW17 Whitewall Brake Roman-British Site, Caerwent Training Area, Defence Training Estate Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Site Description, Topography and Geology ........................................................................... 2 Archaeological and Historical Background........................................................................... 5 Archaeological Objectives ....................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Geophysical Survey .......................................................................................................................... 12 LIDAR Surface analysis and topographical survey ........................................................................ 14 Trench 1............................................................................................................................................ 16 Trench 2............................................................................................................................................ 26 Trench 3............................................................................................................................................ 27 Trench 4............................................................................................................................................ 28 Trench 5............................................................................................................................................ 29 Trench 6............................................................................................................................................ 30 Trench 7............................................................................................................................................ 31 Trench 8............................................................................................................................................ 32 Trench 10.......................................................................................................................................... 33 Trenches 9 and 12 ............................................................................................................................ 35 Trench 13.......................................................................................................................................... 43 Trench 14.......................................................................................................................................... 44 Trench 15.......................................................................................................................................... 45 Trench 16.......................................................................................................................................... 46 Trench 17.......................................................................................................................................... 47 3D Modelling .................................................................................................................................... 50 Post-medieval activity ....................................................................................................................... 52 Prehistoric and Roman Pottery - Nicholas J. Cooper ......................................................... 53 2012-2014 Excavations .................................................................................................................... 53 2017 Excavations ............................................................................................................................. 53 Prehistoric Pottery ........................................................................................................................ 53 Roman Pottery .............................................................................................................................. 53 Roman Building Material - Jenni McNulty and Heidi Addison ........................................ 55 Ceramic Building Material .............................................................................................................. 55 Roman Roof Slate ............................................................................................................................ 56 Report No 2017-071 ii © ULAS 2017 Whitewall Brake Roman-British Site, Caerwent Training Area, Defence Training Estate Worked Stone ................................................................................................................................... 58 The Animal Bones - Jennifer Browning............................................................................... 60 Discussion................................................................................................................................ 61 Pre-Roman deposits ......................................................................................................................... 61 Function and nature ........................................................................................................................ 65 Trade and Industry ........................................................................................................................... 66 Post-Roman deposits ........................................................................................................................ 66 Condition of the archaeology........................................................................................................... 66 Archive .................................................................................................................................... 67 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. 67 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 68 Appendix 1: Finds data from interim reports ..................................................................... 70 The Stone Roofing Slates February 2012 ....................................................................................... 70 Roman pottery - May 2014 -Diarmaid Walshe ............................................................................... 81 Small Finds Analysis - March 2012 ................................................................................................ 83 Figures Figure 1: Excavations under the Operational Nightingale initiative in 2014 (left) and recording in Trench 17 by ULAS in 2017 (right) ........................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2: Whitewall Brake (Castle Tump), Caerwent: Site location ...................................................... 3 Figure 3: Digital Elevation Model showing the position of Whitwell Brake (outlined in red) in the general landscape with higher ground to the north and overlooking the Roman Town of Venta Silurum to the south-west. .................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: 1887, 1:10,560 OS map showing the location of Whitwell Brake. ......................................... 5 Figure 5: Whitewall Brake, Caerwent: Detail of the remains shown on the 1st edition OS map (left with plan outlined in red) and current OS plan (right). The letters identify some differences between the two (from Abramson et al 2014). ................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 6: The site in 2011 (left) and Trench 1 before excavations by ULAS in 2017 (right) ................. 8 Figure 7: Trench locations 2011-2014 overlaid onto current OS map depiction of site ......................... 9 Figure 8: Location of Sondage 1 (red) and Sondage 2 (green) in Trench 1 prior to excavation in 2017 .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 9: Sondage location in Trench 9/12 prior to excavation in 2017 ............................................... 11 Figure 10: Trench 17 sondage
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