Shmuel Bolozky LIST of PUBLICATIONS April 2015
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Torah from JTS Worship, JTS
Exploring Prayer :(בלה תדובע) Service of the Heart This week’s column was written by Rabbi Samuel Barth, senior lecturer in Liturgy and Torah from JTS Worship, JTS. Simhat Torah: Which Way When the Circle Ends Bereishit 5774 The annual celebration of Simhat Torah brings great joy to so many of us of all generations, and it is a fitting and triumphant conclusion to the long and multifaceted season of intense Jewish observance and focus that began (a little before Rosh Hashanah) with Selichot. In Israel and in congregations observing a single day of festivals, Simhat Torah is blended with Shemini Atzeret, offering the intense experience in the morning of Hallel, Hakkafot (processions with dancing) and Geshem (the prayer for Rain). At the morning service of Simhat Torah there are four linked biblical readings (three from the Parashah Commentary Torah), and the relationship among them invites us to think about the flow of sacred text in a multidimensional context. The first reading is Vezot HaBrakha, the last chapters of Deuteronomy This week’s commentary was written by Dr. David Marcus, professor of Bible, containing the final blessings from Moses to the community—and the account of the death of Moses, alone with God on Mount Nebo. To receive the final aliyah after everyone else present JTS. has been called to the Torah is considered a great honor, and the person with this honor is called up with a special formula (a short version is presented in Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat Bereishit with a Capital Bet and Festivals, 215) that affirms, “May it be the will of the One Most Powerful to grant abundant blessings to [insert the name of the one called] who has been chosen to complete the Torah.” With this week’s parashah, we once again commence the cycle of reading the Torah from the first chapter of Genesis, which begins with the Hebrew word bereishit. -
ב Bet ה Heh ו Vav ט Tet י Yod ך מ Mem ם
Exercise 1A: Writing the Hebrew Square Script Using the examples at the right, practice writing out the Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you. Be sure to accurately reflect the position of the letter in relation to the base line. Boxes are used to indicate final forms. Letter Name aleph א aleph bet ב bet gimel ג gimel dalet ד dalet heh ה heh vav ו vav zayin ז zayin .het ח ḥet tet ט tet yod י kaph כ yod ך kaph final kaph lamed ל mem מ lamed ם mem 3 Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script final mem Letter Name nun נ ן nun final nun samek ס samek ayin ע pe פ ayin ף pe final pe tsade צ ץ tsade final tsade qoph ק qoph resh ר resh שׂ sin sin shin ׁש shin tav ת tav NAme: __________________________________________________ Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script 4 Exercise 1B: Reading Proper Names In this exercise you will practice identifying the Hebrew consonants by reading familiar proper names. Write the English name in the space to the left of the Hebrew name. Since the alphabet has no vowels, you will have to provide vowel sounds to recognize each word. Start by trying an “a” vowel between each con- sonant. The “a” vowel is the most common vowel in Hebrew and, while it will not always be the correct one, it should help you recognize these names. לבן Laban יעקב אסתר אברהם עבדיה יצחק יחזקאל יׂשראל דוד רבקה נחמיה נבכדנאזר ירבעם ירדן מרדכי מׁשה דברה גלית יׁשמעאל עׂשו 5 Exercise 1B: ReAding Proper NAmes Exercise 1C: Hebrew Cursive (Optional) Using the examples shown, practice writing out the cursive Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you. -
Introducing Phonology
Introducing Phonology Designed for students with only a basic knowledge of linguistics, this leading textbook provides a clear and practical introduction to phonology, the study of sound patterns in language. It teaches in a step-by-step fashion the logical techniques of phonological analysis and the fundamental theories that underpin it. This thoroughly revised and updated edition teaches students how to analyze phonological data, how to think critically about data, how to formulate rules and hypotheses, and how to test them. New to this edition: • Improved examples, over 60 exercises, and 14 new problem sets from a wide variety of languages encourage students to practice their own analysis of phonological processes and patterns • A new and updated reference list of phonetic symbols and an updated transcription system, making data more accessible to students • Additional online material includes pedagogical suggestions and password-protected answer keys for instructors david odden is Professor Emeritus in Linguistics at Ohio State University. Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics This new textbook series provides students and their teachers with accessible introductions to the major subjects encountered within the study of language and linguistics. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, each book is written and designed for ease of use in the classroom or seminar, and is ideal for adoption on a modular course as the core recommended textbook. Each book offers the ideal introductory material for each subject, presenting students with an overview of the main topics encountered in their course, and features a glossary of useful terms, chapter previews and summaries, suggestions for further reading, and helpful exercises. -
Rayut / Sacred Companionship: the Art of Being Human Rabbi Steven Kushner Rosh Hashanah Morning 5771
Rayut / Sacred Companionship: the art of being human Rabbi Steven Kushner Rosh Hashanah Morning 5771 It’s a ‘‘sweet-sixteen’’ party. The grandmother, who personally related this story to me, notices that her 16-year-old granddaughter is sitting at a table, smart-phone in hand, busily typing away with her thumbs. ‘‘What are you doing?’’ the grandmother asks. ‘‘I’m texting my best friend,’’ the granddaughter replies. ‘‘Just a minute,’’ the grandmother objects. ‘‘Do you mean to tell me you didn’t invite your best friend to your sweet-sixteen party?’’ ‘‘Of course I did,’’ the granddaughter replies. ‘‘She’s sitting right over there.’’ Does this sound familiar? Do you have kids who now use their thumbs to talk, even when vocal communication is not merely possible but easier? That, of course, is the question. Does modern technology make communication easier------with cell phones, text messaging, twittering, emailing------or does it actually make it more complex? This dynamic, of impersonal electronic talking, should be alarming to us. Forget the fact that we’ve lost the ability to write longhand. (Kids, your parents will tell you what ‘‘longhand’’ means after the service.) Never mind that we’ve abandoned the beautiful art form of ‘‘correspondence’’. (My brother and I still have all the letters my parents wrote to each other during World War II.) No matter that we’ve forgotten what it’s like to have to wait to get to a gas station to call someone on the phone. The consequences of instant non-verbal communication may be, even in the short-term, devastating. -
On the Proper Pronunciation of Hebrew
On the proper pronunciation of Hebrew Every language has its own mixture of phonological, morphological, and syntactic features that, taken together, constitute its unique character and identity. For the most part, these features are of interest only to a small minority of professionals and geeks; the better part of mankind remains obliviously content, interested only in how to practically manipulate the language so as to generate and absorb meaning. This is as true of Hebrew as it is of any other language. There is, however, one feature of Hebrew that protrudes so obnoxiously that it cannot escape the attention of the most minimally thoughtful person, whether he be a native speaker or a foreign student. On the one hand, Hebrew has one of the most phonetically regular alphabets of any language, a fact that is particularly remarkable since this alphabet has remained unchanged for at least 2,100 years. There are scarcely any Hebrew words that cannot be deciphered with complete accuracy, providing, of course, that the nikud is added. On the other hand ,this phonetically regular alphabet has an abundance of completely redundant letters whose sole purpose seems to be to confuse people trying to spell. So far, we have said nothing remotely controversial. Everyone, from the native speaker to the ulpan student, religious and secular, will freely comment on this odd feature of Hebrew and its ability to generate all sorts of amusement and confusion. However, this friendly atmosphere is instantly shattered the second anyone suggests a blindingly obvious thesis, namely that this feature of Hebrew is not a feature at all, but a mistake. -
How Was the Dageš in Biblical Hebrew Pronounced and Why Is It There? Geoffrey Khan
1 pronounced and why is it בָּתִּ ים How was the dageš in Biblical Hebrew there? Geoffrey Khan houses’ is generally presented as an enigma in‘ בָּתִּ ים The dageš in the Biblical Hebrew plural form descriptions of the language. A wide variety of opinions about it have been expressed in Biblical Hebrew textbooks, reference grammars and the scholarly literature, but many of these are speculative without any direct or comparative evidence. One of the aims of this article is to examine the evidence for the way the dageš was pronounced in this word in sources that give us direct access to the Tiberian Masoretic reading tradition. A second aim is to propose a reason why the word has a dageš on the basis of comparative evidence within Biblical Hebrew reading traditions and other Semitic languages. בָּתִּיםבָּתִּ ים The Pronunciation of the Dageš in .1.0 The Tiberian vocalization signs and accents were created by the Masoretes of Tiberias in the early Islamic period to record an oral tradition of reading. There is evidence that this reading tradition had its roots in the Second Temple period, although some features of it appear to have developed at later periods. 1 The Tiberian reading was regarded in the Middle Ages as the most prestigious and authoritative tradition. On account of the authoritative status of the reading, great efforts were made by the Tiberian Masoretes to fix the tradition in a standardized form. There remained, nevertheless, some degree of variation in reading and sign notation in the Tiberian Masoretic school. By the end of the Masoretic period in the 10 th century C.E. -
The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki Vidiki Hebrejskih Ideogramov
1027 Pregledni znanstveni članek/Article (1.02) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 79 (2019) 4, 1027—1038 Besedilo prejeto/Received:09/2019; sprejeto/Accepted:10/2019 UDK/UDC: 811.411.16'02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2019/04/Petrovic Predrag Petrović The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki vidiki hebrejskih ideogramov Abstract: The linguistic form of the Hebrew Old Testament retained its ancient ideo- gram values included in the mystical directions and meanings originating from the divine way of addressing people. As such, the Old Hebrew alphabet has remained a true lexical treasure of the God-established mysteries of the ecclesiological way of existence. The ideographic meanings of the Old Hebrew language represent the form of a mystagogy through which God spoke to the Old Testament fathers about the mysteries of the divine creation, maintenance, and future re-creation of the world. Thus, the importance of the ideogram is reflected not only in the recognition of the Christological elements embedded in the very structure of the Old Testament narrative, but also in the ever-present working structure of the existence of the world initiated by the divine economy of salvation. In this way both the Old Testament and the New Testament Israelites testify to the historici- zing character of the divine will by which the world was created and by which God in an ecclesiological way is changing and re-creating the world. Keywords: Old Testament, old Hebrew language, ideograms, mystagogy, Word of God, God (the Father), Holy Spirit, Christology, ecclesiology, Gospel, Revelation Povzetek: Jezikovna oblika hebrejske Stare Zaveze je obdržala svoje starodavne ideogramske vrednote, vključene v mistagoške smeri in pomene, nastale iz božjega načina nagovarjanja ljudi. -
Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D
Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D. Stuhlman BHL, BA, MS LS, MHL In support of the Doctor of Hebrew Literature degree Jewish University of America Skokie, IL 2004 Page 1 Abstract Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs By Daniel D. Stuhlman, BA, BHL, MS LS, MHL Because of the differences in alphabets, entering Hebrew names and words in English works has always been a challenge. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) is the source for many names both in American, Jewish and European society. This work examines given names, starting with theophoric names in the Bible, then continues with other names from the Bible and contemporary sources. The list of theophoric names is comprehensive. The other names are chosen from library catalogs and the personal records of the author. Hebrew names present challenges because of the variety of pronunciations. The same name is transliterated differently for a writer in Yiddish and Hebrew, but Yiddish names are not covered in this document. Family names are included only as they relate to the study of given names. One chapter deals with why Jacob and Joseph start with “J.” Transliteration tables from many sources are included for comparison purposes. Because parents may give any name they desire, there can be no absolute rules for using Hebrew names in English (or Latin character) library catalogs. When the cataloger can not find the Latin letter version of a name that the author prefers, the cataloger uses the rules for systematic Romanization. Through the use of rules and the understanding of the history of orthography, a library research can find the materials needed. -
Biblical Hebrew: Dialects and Linguistic Variation ——
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS Volume 1 A–F General Editor Geoffrey Khan Associate Editors Shmuel Bolokzy Steven E. Fassberg Gary A. Rendsburg Aaron D. Rubin Ora R. Schwarzwald Tamar Zewi LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 © 2013 Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3 Table of Contents Volume One Introduction ........................................................................................................................ vii List of Contributors ............................................................................................................ ix Transcription Tables ........................................................................................................... xiii Articles A-F ......................................................................................................................... 1 Volume Two Transcription Tables ........................................................................................................... vii Articles G-O ........................................................................................................................ 1 Volume Three Transcription Tables ........................................................................................................... vii Articles P-Z ......................................................................................................................... 1 Volume Four Transcription Tables ........................................................................................................... vii Index -
Introducing Phonology This Accessible Textbook Provides a Clear and Practical Introduction to Phonology, the Study of Sound Patterns in Language
Introducing Phonology This accessible textbook provides a clear and practical introduction to phonology, the study of sound patterns in language. Designed for undergraduates with only a basic knowledge of linguistics, it teaches in a step-by-step fashion the logical techniques of phonological analysis and the fundamental theories that underpin it. Through over sixty graded exercises, students are encouraged to make their own analyses of phonological patterns and processes, based on extensive data and problem sets from a wide variety of languages. Introducing Phonology equips students with the essential analytical skills needed for further study in the field, such as how to think critically and discover generalizations about data, how to formulate hypotheses, and how to test them. Providing a solid foundation in both the theory and practice of phonology, it is set to become the leading text for any introductory course, and will be invaluable to all students beginning to study the discipline. david odden is Professor in the Department of Linguistics, Ohio State University, having previously held positions at Yale University, the University of Tromsø and the University of Durham. He is the author of The Phonology and Morphology of Kimatuumbi (1996), and has contributed to many journals such as Phonology, Language, Linguistic Inquiry, Linguistic Analysis, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics and Studies in African Linguistics, of which he is the editor. Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics This new textbook series provides students and their teachers with accessible introductions to the major subjects encountered within the study of language and linguistics. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, each book is written and designed for ease of use in the classroom or seminar, and is ideal for adoption on a modular course as the core recommended textbook. -
Derivational Phonology and Optimality Phonology
i Derivational Phonology and Optimality Phonology: Formal Comparison and Synthesis Russell James Norton A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex July 2003 ii ABSTRACT This thesis conducts a formal comparison of Optimality Theoretic phonology with its predecessor, Rule-based Derivational phonology. This is done in three studies comparing (i) rule operations and Faithfulness constraint violations, (ii) serial rule interaction and hierarchical constraint interaction, and (iii) derivational sequences and harmony scales. In each, the extent of the correlation is demonstrated, and empirical implications of their differences drawn out. Together, the studies demonstrate that there is no case in which the two frameworks mimic each other at all three points at once: the “Duke of York gambit”, where one rule is reversed by another, is the one case where rule ordering and constraint ranking converge, yet the complexity of this composite mapping demonstrably exceeds that of the input-output mappings of Optimality Theory. It is also argued that the Duke of York mapping is generally unexplanatory, and that its availability falsely predicts that a vowel inventory may be reduced to one in some contexts by deletion and then insertion. The failure of this prediction is illustrated from Yokuts, Chukchee and Lardil. A synthesis of derivational and optimality phonology is then presented in which constraints accumulate one by one (Constraint Cumulation Theory, CCT). This successfully describes patterns of overapplication, mutual interdependence, and default, each of which was previously captured in one of the systems but not replicated in the other. It also automatically excludes Duke of York derivations except for some attested subtypes. -
PUBLICATIONS of GEOFFREY KHAN BOOKS 1 Studies in Semitic
PUBLICATIONS OF GEOFFREY KHAN BOOKS 1 Studies in Semitic Syntax (Oxford University Press, 1988), 252pp. 2. Karaite Bible Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah (Cambridge University Press, 1990), 186pp. 3. Arabic Papyri: Selected material from the Khalili Collection (Oxford University Press, 1992), 264pp. 4. Arabic Legal and Administrative Documents in the Cambridge Genizah Collections (Cambridge University Press, 1993), 567pp. 5 Bills, Letters and Deeds. Arabic papyri of the seventh-eleventh centuries (Oxford University Press, 1993), 292pp. 6. A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic. The dialect of the Jews of Arbel (Brill, Leiden, 1999), 586pp. 7. The Early Karaite Tradition of Hebrew Grammatical Thought: Including a Critical Edition, Translation and Analysis of the Diqduq of ʾAbū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf ibn Nūḥ (Brill, Leiden, 2000), 581pp. 8. Early Karaite Grammatical Texts (Scholars Press, Atlanta, 2000), 357pp. 9. Exegesis and Grammar in Medieval Karaite Texts, editor, Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement Series 13, Oxford, 2001, 239pp. 10. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Qaraqosh (Brill, Leiden, 2002), 750pp. 11. The Karaite Tradition of Hebrew Grammatical Thought in its Classical Form: A Critical Edition and English Translation of al-Kitāb al-Kāfī fī al-Lugha al-ʿIbrāniyya by ʾAbū al-Faraj Hārūn ibn al-Faraj (Brill, Leiden, 2003). In collaboration with María Ángeles Gallego and Judith Olszowy-Schlanger, 1097pp. 12. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Ḥalabja (Brill, Leiden, 2004), 619pp. 13. Semitic Studies in Honour of Edward Ullendorff, editor (Brill, Leiden, 2005), 367pp. 14. Arabic Documents from Early Islamic Khurasan (Nour Foundation, London, 2008), 183pp. 15. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. 3 vols. Vol.