The Coccidae, on Account of Their Economic
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Morfología De Los Estados Inmaduros Y Adulto De Pinnaspis Aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Con Notas Sobre Su Biología
4-Trab n3•• 21/8/03 6:51 PM Page 35 ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 62 (1-2): 35-42, 2003 35 Morfología de los estados inmaduros y adulto de Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), con notas sobre su biología ZAMAR, María Inés* y Lucía E. CLAPS** * Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Bolivia 1661, 4600 San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] ** INSUE Instituto Superior de Entomología “Dr. Abraham Willink”, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205. 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] ■ RESUMEN. Se describen e ilustran los estados inmaduros y el macho adul- to de Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), hasta el presente desconocidos. Las plan- tas huéspedes registradas en este trabajo fueron una especie de Pteridophyta y 12 de Angiospermae. Los enemigos naturales encontrados fueron Aphytis his- panicus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) y Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae). PALABRAS CLAVE. Morfología. Estados inmaduros. Macho. Plantas huéspe- des. Enemigos naturales. ■ ABSTRACT. Morphology of the immature stages and adult of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with notes on its biology. Immature stages, and the male adult of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) are described and illustrated for the first time. The host plants recorded in this paper were one species of Pteridophyta, and 12 of the Angiospermae. The natural ene- mies found are Aphytis hispanicus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). KEY WORDS. Morphology. Immature stages. Male. Host plants. Natural enemies INTRODUCCIÓN ductivo, por lo que es necesario conocer en deta- lle su morfología y biología, a fin de poder encarar La familia Diaspididae, de amplia distribución en el futuro planes de control biológico de esta co- mundial, constituye el grupo más numeroso de chinilla. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
Snout Scale, a Potential Pest of Citrus in Florida
FDACS-P-01929 PEST ALERT Pest Alert created September 2020. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Fiorinia proboscidaria Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), snout scale, a potential pest of Citrus in Florida Muhammad Z. Ahmed, Ph.D., Ian C. Stocks, Ph.D.; Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology [email protected] or 1-888-397-1517 INTRODUCTION The first continental record of Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, snout scale, was collected on December 17, 2013, by JoAnn Hoffman (UF) from Hillsborough County and identified by Dr. Ian Stocks (Stocks 2015). There are at least 24 records after its first detection in Florida from five counties including Hillsborough, Flagler, Pinellas, Putnam and Santa Rosa. The most recent record was from Flagler County (E2020-2353), identified by Dr. Zee Ahmed as a new county record. The genus Fiorinia contains several major pest species. Snout scale is considered to be an important pest of Citrus (Stocks 2015). A recent sample and three follow-up samples from the last year on Citrus were heavily infested. All snout scale samples were collected from residential areas. This updated Pest Alert is aimed at preventing its introduction to and establishment in commercial Citrus growing areas in Florida. DIAGNOSTICS In old infestations, multiple stages of snout scale were found commingled on the lower surface of the leaves (Fig. 1a), causing chlorotic yellow patches (Fig. 1d). The presence of multiple stages suggests multiple generations each year. In early infestations, yellow-colored first instars (crawlers) (Fig. 1b, c) and second-instar males with white wax (Fig. 1b, e, f) were commonly observed on the lower surface of leaves. -
The Biology and Ecology of Armored Scales
Copyright 1975. All rights resenetl THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY +6080 OF ARMORED SCALES 1,2 John W. Beardsley Jr. and Roberto H. Gonzalez Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii. Honolulu. Hawaii 96822 and Plant Production and Protection Division. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. Italy The armored scales (Family Diaspididae) constitute one of the most successful groups of plant-parasitic arthropods and include some of the most damaging and refractory pests of perennial crops and ornamentals. The Diaspididae is the largest and most specialized of the dozen or so currently recognized families which compose the superfamily Coccoidea. A recent world catalog (19) lists 338 valid genera and approximately 1700 species of armored scales. Although the diaspidids have been more intensively studied than any other group of coccids, probably no more than half of the existing forms have been recognized and named. Armored scales occur virtually everywhere perennial vascular plants are found, although a few of the most isolated oceanic islands (e.g. the Hawaiian group) apparently have no endemic representatives and are populated entirely by recent adventives. In general. the greatest numbers and diversity of genera and species occur in the tropics. subtropics. and warmer portions of the temperate zones. With the exclusion of the so-called palm scales (Phoenicococcus. Halimococcus. and their allies) which most coccid taxonomists now place elsewhere (19. 26. 99). the armored scale insects are a biologically and morphologically distinct and Access provided by CNRS-Multi-Site on 03/25/16. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1975.20:47-73. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org homogenous group. -
The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—An Annotated Inventory Citing Voucher Specimens and Published Records
Zootaxa 2847: 1–122 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2847 The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records JON H. MARTIN1 & CLIVE S.K. LAU2 1Corresponding author, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K., e-mail [email protected] 2 Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Cheung Sha Wan Road Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, e-mail [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by C. Hodgson: 17 Jan 2011; published: 29 Apr. 2011 JON H. MARTIN & CLIVE S.K. LAU The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records (Zootaxa 2847) 122 pp.; 30 cm. 29 Apr. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-705-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-706-7 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. -
Snout Scale Pest Alert
FDACS-P-01929 PEST ALERT Pest Alert created September 2020. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Fiorinia proboscidaria Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), snout scale, a potential pest of Citrus in Florida Muhammad Z. Ahmed, Ph.D., Ian C. Stocks, Ph.D.; Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology [email protected] or 1-888-397-1517 INTRODUCTION The first continental record of Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, snout scale, was collected on December 17, 2013, by JoAnn Hoffman (UF) from Hillsborough County and identified by Dr. Ian Stocks (Stocks 2015). There are at least 24 records after its first detection in Florida from five counties including Hillsborough, Flagler, Pinellas, Putnam and Santa Rosa. The most recent record was from Flagler County (E2020-2353), identified by Dr. Zee Ahmed as a new county record. The genus Fiorinia contains several major pest species. Snout scale is considered to be an important pest of Citrus (Stocks 2015). A recent sample and three follow-up samples from the last year on Citrus were heavily infested. All snout scale samples were collected from residential areas. This updated Pest Alert is aimed at preventing its introduction to and establishment in commercial Citrus growing areas in Florida. DIAGNOSTICS In old infestations, multiple stages of snout scale were found commingled on the lower surface of the leaves (Fig. 1a), causing chlorotic yellow patches (Fig. 1d). The presence of multiple stages suggests multiple generations each year. In early infestations, yellow-colored first instars (crawlers) (Fig. 1b, c) and second-instar males with white wax (Fig. 1b, e, f) were commonly observed on the lower surface of leaves. -
A Dissertation By
WEB-INTEGRATED TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE PARASITIC WASP FAMILY SIGNIPHORIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA) A Dissertation by ANAMARIA DAL MOLIN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, James B. Woolley Committee Members, Mariana Mateos Raul F. Medina Robert A. Wharton John M. Heraty Head of Department, David Ragsdale December 2014 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2014 Anamaria Dal Molin ABSTRACT This work focuses on the taxonomy and systematics of parasitic wasps of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a relatively small family of chalcidoid wasps, with 79 described valid species in 4 genera: Signiphora Ashmead, Clytina Erdös, Chartocerus Motschulsky and Thysanus Walker. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal relationships in Signiphoridae, a discussion of its supra-specific classification based on DNA sequences of the 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and COI genes, and taxonomic studies on the genera Clytina, Thysanus and Chartocerus are presented. In the phylogenetic analyses, all genera except Clytina were recovered as monophyletic. The classification into subfamilies was not supported. Out of the four currently recognized species groups in Signiphora, only the Signiphora flavopalliata species group was supported. The taxonomic work was conducted using advanced digital imaging, content management systems, having in sight the online delivery of taxonomic information. The evolution of changes in the taxonomic workflow and dissemination of results are reviewed and discussed in light of current bioinformatics. The species of Thysanus and Clytina are revised and redescribed, including documentation of type material. Four new species of Thysanus and one of Clytina are described. -
Scale Insect Pests of Connecticut Trees and Ornamentals
Dr. Hugh Smith, Dr. Richard Cowles, and Rose Hiskes Department of Entomology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street, P. O. Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 Phone: (203) 974-8600 Fax: (203) 974-8502 Founded in 1875 Email: [email protected] Putting science to work for society Website: www.ct.gov/caes Scale Insect Pests of Connecticut Trees and Ornamentals Scale insects are among the most difficult mealybug pests of Connecticut ornamentals pests of woody ornamentals to manage. include the taxus mealybug on yew, and the There are several types of scale insect, apple mealybug and the Comstock although the most common scale pests for mealybug, both of which attack many hosts. Connecticut growers are armored scales Common scale pests of Connecticut and (Diaspididae), soft scales (Coccidae) and their hosts are presented in Table 1. mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Armored scales tend to be smaller (2-3 mm) than soft Life cycle. Depending on the species, scale scales (5-10 mm) and often appear as though insects can overwinter as eggs, immatures, they are part of the plant, making them or adults. Females lay eggs beneath the difficult to detect. Armored scales secrete a scale covering or in a cottony mass. Some hard covering that helps protect them from scale species have one generation per year; insecticides and natural enemies, and some species have a few or several prevents them from drying out. This generations per year. First stage immatures, covering can be pried away from the scale called crawlers, emerge from eggs in spring body with the tip of a blade or an insect pin. -
Diaspididae on Citrus Spp. (Rutaceae) from Colombia: New Records and a Taxonomic Key to Their Identification Diaspididae En Citrus Spp
Research article http://wwwrevistasunaleduco/indexphp/refame Diaspididae on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) from Colombia: New records and a taxonomic key to their identification Diaspididae en Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) de Colombia: Nuevos registros y una clave taxonómica para su identificación doi: 10.15446/rfna.v70n2.64519 Andrea Amalia Ramos-Portilla1,2 and Alejandro Caballero2* ABSTRACT Keywords: In this manuscript Aonidiella comperei is reported for the first time in Colombia; the specimens were Coccomorpha found associated with branches, leaves and fruits of Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) in the department of Invasive species Tolima. Also we obtained physical evidence of the association of Parlatoria ziziphi and Citrus x limonia Neotropical region (Rutaceae) in Colombia from a sample collected in the field; until this paper the only record ofP. ziziphi New host in the country came from specimens intercepted in a quarantine inspection at a port of entry in the Pest United States. Field and slide-mounted characteristics are provided for A. comperei. Also a taxonomic key to species of Diaspididae present on Citrus spp. in Colombia is given. RESUMEN Palabras clave: En este manuscrito se registra por primera vez para Colombia a Aonidiella comperei; los especímenes Coccomorpha se encontraron asociados a ramas, hojas y frutos de Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) en el departamento Especies invasivas del Tolima. Además, se verifica la asociación Parlatoria ziziphi y Citrus x limonia (Rutaceae), a partir Región neotropical de recolecciones en campo; hasta la fecha, su único registro para el país provenía de especímenes Nuevos hospedantes interceptados en puertos de entrada en Estados Unidos. Se provee información de características en Plaga campo y en montaje en lámina para A. -
Phylogeny and Classification of Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)
Zootaxa 4616 (1): 001–098 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4616.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B9DFBC9-2BA8-4619-8F70-E372DCBD7411 ZOOTAXA 4616 Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) BENJAMIN B. NORMARK1,2,7, AKIKO OKUSU1, GEOFFREY E. MORSE3, DANIEL A. PETERSON1,2,4, TAKAO ITIOKA5 & SCOTT A. SCHNEIDER1, 2, 6 1Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 2Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 3Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 4Present address: Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 5Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 6Present address: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Systematic Ento- mology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 7Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by G. Watson: 5 Feb. 2019; published: 17 Jun. 2019 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 BENJAMIN B. NORMARK, AKIKO OKUSU, GEOFFREY E. MORSE, DANIEL A. PETERSON, TAKAO ITIOKA & SCOTT A. SCHNEIDER Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) (Zootaxa 4616) 98 pp.; 30 cm. 17 Jun. 2019 ISBN 978-1-77670-683-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77670-684-6 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2019 BY Magnolia Press P.O. -
Population Dynamics, Taxonomy, and Control of Euonymus Scale, Unaspis Euonymi (Comstock)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1983 Population Dynamics, Taxonomy, and Control of Euonymus Scale, Unaspis Euonymi (Comstock). Beverly Sparks Brewer Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Brewer, Beverly Sparks, "Population Dynamics, Taxonomy, and Control of Euonymus Scale, Unaspis Euonymi (Comstock)." (1983). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3834. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3834 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. -
Pest Alert February 2015 Pest Alert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry
FDACS-P-02033 Pest Alert February 2015 Pest Alert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Fiorinia proboscidaria Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a new armored scale pest of citrus in Florida Ian C. Stocks, [email protected], Biological Scientist IV, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: On December 17, 2013, Joann Hoffmann of UF-IFAS, Hillsborough County, submitted a residential citrus leaf sample that was covered with the armored scale, Fiorinia proboscidaria, a U.S. CONTINENTAL RECORD. A sample from Santa Rosa County was collected in January 2014, and additional samples from several residential locations in Tampa in November 2014. This species is recorded from hosts in several plant families, but citrus is a significant host for this pest, so it should be regarded as a potentially serious introduction. Fiorinia is one of the largest genera of armored scales, many species of which now occur worldwide and are or can be major pests. DESCRIPTION: In the infestations observed, all stages of the scale were commingled on the abaxial (lower) surface of the leaves, suggesting that multiple generations were present (Figs. 1 and 2). Several leaves from the 2014 Tampa sample were co-infested with other common citrus pests, including wooly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus Maskell; Fig. 1), fern scale (Pinnaspis aspidistrae; Fig. 5a) and glover scale (Lepidosaphes gloverii). In the sample from Santa Rosa County, some of the female scales were embedded within a nearly continuous layer of Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum). The shape of the scale cover of this species resembles that of tea scale (Fiorinia theae, Fig.