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Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects
© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects Devina Seram and Yendrembam K Devi Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Introduction Insect Adaptations An adaptation is an environmental change so an insect can better fit in and have a better chance of living. Insects are modified in many ways according to their environment. Insects can have adapted legs, mouthparts, body shapes, etc. which makes them easier to survive in the environment that they live in and these adaptations also help them get away from predators and other natural enemies. Here are some adaptations in the immature stages of important families of Hemiptera. Hemiptera are hemimetabolous exopterygotes with only egg and nymphal immature stages and are divided into two sub-orders, homoptera and heteroptera. The immature stages of homopteran families include Delphacidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, Cicadidae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae and heteropteran families Notonectidae, Corixidae, Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Coreidae, Tingitidae, Miridae will be discussed. Homopteran families 1. Delphacidae – Eg. plant hoppers They comprise the largest family of plant hoppers and are characterized by the presence of large, flattened spurs at the apex of their hind tibiae. Eggs are deposited inside plant tissues, elliptical in shape, colourless to whitish. Nymphs are similar in appearance to adults except for size, colour, under- developed wing pads and genitalia. 2. Fulgoridae – Eg. lantern bugs They can be recognized with their antennae inserted on the sides & beneath the eyes. -
Zootaxa,Phylogeny and Higher Classification of the Scale Insects
Zootaxa 1668: 413–425 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)* P.J. GULLAN1 AND L.G. COOK2 1Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Email: [email protected] *In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766. Table of contents Abstract . .413 Introduction . .413 A review of archaeococcoid classification and relationships . 416 A review of neococcoid classification and relationships . .420 Future directions . .421 Acknowledgements . .422 References . .422 Abstract The superfamily Coccoidea contains nearly 8000 species of plant-feeding hemipterans comprising up to 32 families divided traditionally into two informal groups, the archaeococcoids and the neococcoids. The neococcoids form a mono- phyletic group supported by both morphological and genetic data. In contrast, the monophyly of the archaeococcoids is uncertain and the higher level ranks within it have been controversial, particularly since the late Professor Jan Koteja introduced his multi-family classification for scale insects in 1974. Recent phylogenetic studies using molecular and morphological data support the recognition of up to 15 extant families of archaeococcoids, including 11 families for the former Margarodidae sensu lato, vindicating Koteja’s views. Archaeococcoids are represented better in the fossil record than neococcoids, and have an adequate record through the Tertiary and Cretaceous but almost no putative coccoid fos- sils are known from earlier. -
Lepidoptera of North America 5
Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains, -
Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Nonâ•Fitarget
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2007 Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians Carla Irene Dilling University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Dilling, Carla Irene, "Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/120 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Carla Irene Dilling entitled "Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Paris L. Lambdin, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Jerome Grant, Nathan Sanders, James Rhea, Nicole Labbé Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
Morfología De Los Estados Inmaduros Y Adulto De Pinnaspis Aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Con Notas Sobre Su Biología
4-Trab n3•• 21/8/03 6:51 PM Page 35 ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 62 (1-2): 35-42, 2003 35 Morfología de los estados inmaduros y adulto de Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), con notas sobre su biología ZAMAR, María Inés* y Lucía E. CLAPS** * Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avenida Bolivia 1661, 4600 San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] ** INSUE Instituto Superior de Entomología “Dr. Abraham Willink”, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205. 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] ■ RESUMEN. Se describen e ilustran los estados inmaduros y el macho adul- to de Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), hasta el presente desconocidos. Las plan- tas huéspedes registradas en este trabajo fueron una especie de Pteridophyta y 12 de Angiospermae. Los enemigos naturales encontrados fueron Aphytis his- panicus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) y Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae). PALABRAS CLAVE. Morfología. Estados inmaduros. Macho. Plantas huéspe- des. Enemigos naturales. ■ ABSTRACT. Morphology of the immature stages and adult of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with notes on its biology. Immature stages, and the male adult of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) are described and illustrated for the first time. The host plants recorded in this paper were one species of Pteridophyta, and 12 of the Angiospermae. The natural ene- mies found are Aphytis hispanicus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). KEY WORDS. Morphology. Immature stages. Male. Host plants. Natural enemies INTRODUCCIÓN ductivo, por lo que es necesario conocer en deta- lle su morfología y biología, a fin de poder encarar La familia Diaspididae, de amplia distribución en el futuro planes de control biológico de esta co- mundial, constituye el grupo más numeroso de chinilla. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
2010 Season Summary Index NEW WOFTHE~ Zone 1: Yukon Territory
2010 Season Summary Index NEW WOFTHE~ Zone 1: Yukon Territory ........................................................................................... 3 Alaska ... ........................................ ............................................................... 3 LEPIDOPTERISTS Zone 2: British Columbia .................................................... ........................ ............ 6 Idaho .. ... ....................................... ................................................................ 6 Oregon ........ ... .... ........................ .. .. ............................................................ 10 SOCIETY Volume 53 Supplement Sl Washington ................................................................................................ 14 Zone 3: Arizona ............................................................ .................................... ...... 19 The Lepidopterists' Society is a non-profo California ............... ................................................. .............. .. ................... 2 2 educational and scientific organization. The Nevada ..................................................................... ................................ 28 object of the Society, which was formed in Zone 4: Colorado ................................ ... ............... ... ...... ......................................... 2 9 May 1947 and formally constituted in De Montana .................................................................................................... 51 cember -
Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae): a Laboratory Evaluation
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae): A Laboratory Evaluation GREG ENGLISH-LOEB, MIKE VILLANI, TIM MARTINSON, ANNA FORSLINE, AND NANCY CONSOLIE Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456 Environ. Entomol. 28(5): 890Ð894 (1999) ABSTRACT The effectiveness of 2 species of entomopathogenic nematodes was examined in the laboratory against the root-form of grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifolia (Fitch). Our basic unit of measurement was survival of grape phylloxera established on root pieces of the cultivated grape Vitis vinifera L. variety ÔCabernet SauvignonÕ in the presence or absence of nematodes. In petri dish trials, the Oswego strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar reduced survival of attached grape phylloxera by up to 80% relative to the control treatment, whereas Steinernema glaseri Steiner (isolate 326) had no measurable impact and was not used in further experiments. Hb Oswego signiÞcantly reduced survival of grape phylloxera on root pieces placed in small cups Þlled with soil, but only when soil moisture was high (Ͼ13% water content wt:wt) and when high densities of infective nematodes were used (Ͼ15,000/g soil). Grape phylloxera exposed to Hb Oswego often turned a brick-red color, indicating successful infection. However, we did not detect any evidence that Hb Oswego could successfully reproduce within the bodies of grape phylloxera hosts. Therefore, although Hb Oswego can exert signiÞcant mortality in the laboratory, their use in the Þeld in an augmentative release program may be constrained by the need to use high densities, their dependence on moist soils, and their inability to propagate themselves within grape phylloxera hosts. -
The Coccidae, on Account of Their Economic
93 Synopsis of the Hawaiian Diaspinae (Coccidae) BY D. T. FUIvIyAWAY (Presented at the meeting of April 2, 1931) The Coccidae, on account of their economic importance, have received a large share of attention in Hawaii, but owing to the confusion which prevailed for years in the specific identification and grouping of these insects (growing out of the attempt to elucidate this large group hurriedly through work in different and widely separated countries), the earliest records of these insects here present quite a few inaccuracies in regard to species deter mination and are not even to be relied on as valid representations in a few cases, since some of the examples on which the records are based were evidently taken from newly imported horticultural plants. For instance, the following species listed by Kirkaldy in Fauna Hawaiiensis, Hemiptera, are not generally recognized here now, viz.: Aspidiotus persearum, A. perniciosus, A. transparens (lataniae?), greeni, duplex (P. davigera?), Diaspis patelliformis (S. pentagonal), Lepidosaphes pinnaefonnis (L. beckiil), L. pomoruin, Howardia prunicola and Fiorinia pellucida (F. fior- iniae?) ; nor are Chionaspis citri and Aspidiotus destructor of Ko- tinsky's list. On the other hand there are a few well-recognized .species here that are not placed in either of these lists and one or two possibly that have never been recorded here. To the best of my knowledge the following species represent the present diaspine fauna (numerals refer to table of literature consulted, following) : Parlatoriini Parlatoria proteus var. crotonis (15, 25, 32) " mytilaspiformis (8) sisyphus (2, 32) Leucaspidini (none) Lepidosaphini Lepidosaphes gloved (8, 25, 26, 32) Ischnaspis longirosbris (3, 32) " auriculata (22, 24) Lepidaspidis uniloba (27, 32) " beckii (8, 25, 26, 32) Andaspis flava var. -
Snout Scale, a Potential Pest of Citrus in Florida
FDACS-P-01929 PEST ALERT Pest Alert created September 2020. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Fiorinia proboscidaria Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), snout scale, a potential pest of Citrus in Florida Muhammad Z. Ahmed, Ph.D., Ian C. Stocks, Ph.D.; Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology [email protected] or 1-888-397-1517 INTRODUCTION The first continental record of Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, snout scale, was collected on December 17, 2013, by JoAnn Hoffman (UF) from Hillsborough County and identified by Dr. Ian Stocks (Stocks 2015). There are at least 24 records after its first detection in Florida from five counties including Hillsborough, Flagler, Pinellas, Putnam and Santa Rosa. The most recent record was from Flagler County (E2020-2353), identified by Dr. Zee Ahmed as a new county record. The genus Fiorinia contains several major pest species. Snout scale is considered to be an important pest of Citrus (Stocks 2015). A recent sample and three follow-up samples from the last year on Citrus were heavily infested. All snout scale samples were collected from residential areas. This updated Pest Alert is aimed at preventing its introduction to and establishment in commercial Citrus growing areas in Florida. DIAGNOSTICS In old infestations, multiple stages of snout scale were found commingled on the lower surface of the leaves (Fig. 1a), causing chlorotic yellow patches (Fig. 1d). The presence of multiple stages suggests multiple generations each year. In early infestations, yellow-colored first instars (crawlers) (Fig. 1b, c) and second-instar males with white wax (Fig. 1b, e, f) were commonly observed on the lower surface of leaves. -
The Biology and Ecology of Armored Scales
Copyright 1975. All rights resenetl THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY +6080 OF ARMORED SCALES 1,2 John W. Beardsley Jr. and Roberto H. Gonzalez Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii. Honolulu. Hawaii 96822 and Plant Production and Protection Division. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. Italy The armored scales (Family Diaspididae) constitute one of the most successful groups of plant-parasitic arthropods and include some of the most damaging and refractory pests of perennial crops and ornamentals. The Diaspididae is the largest and most specialized of the dozen or so currently recognized families which compose the superfamily Coccoidea. A recent world catalog (19) lists 338 valid genera and approximately 1700 species of armored scales. Although the diaspidids have been more intensively studied than any other group of coccids, probably no more than half of the existing forms have been recognized and named. Armored scales occur virtually everywhere perennial vascular plants are found, although a few of the most isolated oceanic islands (e.g. the Hawaiian group) apparently have no endemic representatives and are populated entirely by recent adventives. In general. the greatest numbers and diversity of genera and species occur in the tropics. subtropics. and warmer portions of the temperate zones. With the exclusion of the so-called palm scales (Phoenicococcus. Halimococcus. and their allies) which most coccid taxonomists now place elsewhere (19. 26. 99). the armored scale insects are a biologically and morphologically distinct and Access provided by CNRS-Multi-Site on 03/25/16. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1975.20:47-73. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org homogenous group.