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Emergency Management Planning Guide for Schools, Districts + Authorities INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW

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Emergency Management Planning Guide for Schools, Districts + Authorities INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING GUIDE for SCHOOLS, DISTRICTS + AUTHORITIES Copyright © 2015, Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved This material is owned by the Government of British Columbia and protected by copyright law. It may not be reproduced or redistributed without the prior written permission of the Province of British Columbia. The Ministry of Education is responsible for producing, revising and updating this Guide. As a matter of process, the Emergency Manage- ment Planning Guide for Schools, Districts and Authorities will be reviewed biennially or as needed, and amendments will be made at that time. Any amendments will be noted within the updated guide using a Revisions Table. The primary point of contact for any questions and comments, as well as any requests for further resources not included in this Guide, is [email protected] This Guide and related templates will be available for download on the Ministry of Education web site. The online version of this publication is the official version. First edition published in 2015. TABLE of CONTENTS 04 Acknowledgements 05 Introduction and Overview 07 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 11 GOALS AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES 12 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 15 British Columbia Emergency Response Management System 16 INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM 20 Emergency Management Cycle 21 MITIGATION AND PREVENTION 24 PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS 25 Developing a School Emergency Management Plan (SEMP) 31 Persons with Special Needs 32 Off Site Activities 32 Non-District Groups 33 RESPONSE 35 Five All-Hazard Emergency Responses 37 RECOVERY 37 Five Aspects of Recovery 41 District Emergency Management 41 DISTRICT PLANNING PROCESS 42 DISTRICT EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE 44 Conclusion 45 Resources 46 Templates ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals and organizations contributed to the development of this first edition of the Emergency Management Planning Guide for School, Districts and Authorities. This guide will be an invaluable resource to all British Columbia schools. The Ministry of Education would like to thank the following organizations and individuals for their invaluable advice and feedback. If we have missed someone, we sincerely apologize and ask that you contact [email protected] to have your organization or name added to the next edition. • BC Association of School Business Officials • Safer Schools Together • BC Confederation of Parent Advisory Councils • School District 10 (Arrow Lakes) • BC Principals’ and Vice-Principals’ Association • School District 23 (Central Okanagan) • BC School Superintendents Association • School District 36 (Surrey) • BC School Trustees Association • School District 44 (North Vancouver) • BC Teachers’ Federation • School District 45 (West Vancouver) • Canadian Union of Public Employees BC • School District 71 (Comox Valley) • Emergency Management BC, Ministry of Justice • School District 73 (Kamloops/Thompson) • Federation of Independent School Associations • Schools Protection Program, Ministry of Finance • First Nations Education Steering Committee • WorkSafeBC • First Nations’ Emergency Services Society of British Columbia • Annette Glover, Former School Trustee, SD 73 (Kamloops/Thompson) • Bernadette Woit , Consultant, School Emergency Planning and Preparedness • Jeff Kaye, Director of Public Safety, Emergency Manager, and Consultant • Juleen McElgunn, Executive Director, BC School Superintendents Association • Paul Berry, District Principal of Health and Safety, SD 71 (Comox Valley) • Sherry Elwood, Superintendent, SD 71 (Comox Valley) • Theresa Campbell, President, Safer Schools Together 04 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING GUIDE FOR SCHOOLS, DISTRICTS + AUTHORITIES INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Emergencies are unpredictable. We usually have little warning that an event or series of events may cause a massive disruption in our lives and our communities. As one of the major areas in which people gather, schools are places where emergency prepared- ness is critically important to the well-being of students and employees and to the confidence that parents feel in entrusting their children to the care of educators in BC schools. This Emergency Management Planning Guide is intended to provide support to public, independent and First Nations schools in upholding their responsibilities during an emergency. While some of the terms are used in the public system, such as board of education or school district, the intent of the guide is that public, independent and First Nations schools can make use of the information as it fits their structures and frameworks. The guide outlines a standardized provincial process for planning for, responding to and recovering from all types of emergencies. Emergency: An event or circumstance that is caused by accident, fire, explosion, technical failure, human action or force of nature, that requires prompt coordination of action or special regulation of persons or property to protect the health, safety or welfare and/of a person or to limit damage to property. Adapted from the BC Emergency Program Act. Disaster: An event, generally considered to have an even greater impact than an emergency, caused by an accident, fire, explo- sion or technical failure, or by the forces of nature, and has resulted in serious harm to the health, safety and/or welfare of people, or in widespread damage to property. Adapted from section 1 of the Introduction to Emergency Management in British Columbia, 2007/BC Emergency Program Act. Critical Incident: Any incident, whether natural or human-caused, that has a negative emotional impact on those affected resulting in a state of stress or discomfort and feelings of loss of control. Adapted from the Justice Institute of BC Critical Incident Stress Management Program, CSMI 100 . EMERGENCY Note: The above terms are often used interchangeably. PLANS ARE LIVING DOCUMENTS BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING GUIDE FOR SCHOOLS, DISTRICTS + AUTHORITIES 05 ALL HAZARDS APPROACH Rather than focus on and try to provide detail relating to a large number of different events, this guide takes an all-hazards approach. All-Hazard: Any incident or event, natural or human caused, that requires an organized response by a public, private, and/or governmental entity in order to protect life, public health and safety, and to minimize any disruption of governmental, social, and economic services. An all-hazards approach focuses on planning that involves a small number of responses that can be used in different types of emergencies. This guide will discuss five basic all-hazard approaches – drop/cover/hold on, evacuate, lockdown, lockout and shelter in place. Further information is provided later in the guide. School emergencies can be on a small scale, confined to one site, or on a larger scale, potentially impacting an entire school district or even many districts. A small, localized fire within a school, for example, will require a different response than a chemical leak from a train derailment, such as occurred at Lac Mégantic that affected a whole community. This guide will provide all-hazards protocols for both schools and districts as they plan for emergencies. Being ready to address different scenarios, in collaboration with first responders and relevant community agencies, takes considerable preparation on the part of district staff. While district personnel are not necessarily trained as emergency services workers, they may be called upon to fulfil roles related to first aid, damage assessment, locating students and staff, and care and comfort for students over an extended period of time. 06 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING GUIDE FOR SCHOOLS, DISTRICTS + AUTHORITIES LEGAL FRAMEWORK MINISTRY OF EDUCATION The Ministry of Education (Ministry) provides leadership and funding to the K-12 education system through governance, legislation, policy and standards. The Ministry’s role in helping to meet the purpose of the school system involves co-governing the K-12 education system as partners with boards of education. Specific roles and responsibilities are set out under the School Act, the Independent School Act, the Teachers Act, and accompanying regulations and agreements such as the Tripartite Education Framework Agreement (TEFA). MINISTRY OF HEALTH The Ministry of Health supports school districts through section 89 of the School Act that requires regional health boards under the Health Authorities Act to designate a school medical health officer for each school district. The medical health officer, under section 90 of the School Act, has the authority to inspect schools, report to boards of education regarding the results of an inspec- tion and make recommendations. When the school medical health officer considers that student safety or health is at risk, he or she has the authority to require a Board to close the school. BOARDS OF EDUCATION In British Columbia, the provincial government and 60 school districts, each with a locally elected board of education, share re- sponsibility for the public education system. The Ministry of Education develops high-level education legislation and policy, while boards are responsible for the overall operation and management of schools and have substantial autonomy to determine local policy. Under the School Act, boards of education may: • establish local policy for the effective and efficient operation of schools • temporarily close schools if the health and safety
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