2009 Presidential and Provincial Council Elections Final Observation
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2009 Presidential and Provincial Council Elections Final Observation Report Free and Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan (FEFA) January 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ - 2 - Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... - 3 - Message of the Chairman ................................................................................................................ - 3 - Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ - 3 - I. To the Government of Afghanistan ......................................................................................... - 4 - II. To the Legislative Organs ...................................................................................................... - 4 - III. To the Independent Election Commission ............................................................................ - 5 - IV. To the Election Complaints Commission ............................................................................. - 5 - V. To the Civil Society Organizations ........................................................................................ - 5 - VI. To the International Donor Community ............................................................................... - 6 - Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... - 6 - I. Background on FEFA .............................................................................................................. - 7 - II. FEFA's Mission ...................................................................................................................... - 7 - III. FEFA's Performance during the 2004 and 2005 Electoral Processes ................................... - 8 - Elections 2009 ................................................................................................................................. - 8 - I. Contextual Analysis ................................................................................................................. - 9 - a. Political Environment.......................................................................................................... - 9 - b. The Security Environment ................................................................................................ - 10 - c. National Political Debates: Pre and Post Election ............................................................ - 12 - II. Election Administration ....................................................................................................... - 14 - a. Independent Elections Commission (IEC) ........................................................................ - 15 - b. Electoral Complaints Commission (ECC) ........................................................................ - 18 - III. Observations ....................................................................................................................... - 22 - a. Other Observer Organizations ........................................................................................... - 22 - b. FEFA Role and Observation ............................................................................................. - 27 - c. Pre-Election Day Period .................................................................................................... - 33 - d. Election Day 2009 ............................................................................................................. - 66 - e. Tabulation Process ............................................................................................................ - 88 - f. Complaints and appeals ..................................................................................................... - 90 - g. Preliminary Results Announcement ................................................................................. - 98 - Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... - 100 - I. To the Government of Afghanistan ..................................................................................... - 102 - II. To the Legislative Organs .................................................................................................. - 103 - a. Election Law ................................................................................................................... - 103 - III. To the Independent Election Commission ........................................................................ - 104 - a. A New Law on the Structure and Authorities of the IEC ............................................... - 105 - b. The following regulations should be amended on priority basis .................................... - 106 - c. Voter Registration ........................................................................................................... - 106 - d. Election Media Commission ........................................................................................... - 107 - IV. To the Election Complaints Commission ......................................................................... - 107 - a. Election Complaints Mechanism .................................................................................... - 107 - V. To the Civil Society Organizations .................................................................................... - 107 - VI. To the International Donor Community ........................................................................... - 108 - Annexes....................................................................................................................................... - 109 - - 2 - Acknowledgements The Free and Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan (FEFA) expresses its appreciation to the many government and electoral officers, political activists and political party members, candidates and Election Day workers, who cooperated with our observers, facilitated their work and provided them with the opportunity to develop a clear picture of the electoral process. This process was made possible through a grant from UNDP ELECT. FEFA is grateful to UNDP ELECT staff for their support and coordination. This report acknowledges the hard work and commitment of 7137 FEFA observers, who served the cause of ensuring a transparent and credible electoral process through provision of regular and detailed information despite security threats. We dedicate this report to the developing civil society in our country. More importantly, we dedicate this effort to those families who lost their loved ones during the electoral process. We may not reduce their pain by doing so, but at least attempt at eternalizing the memories of the forerunners of the movement towards building a democratic Afghanistan. Message of the Chairman Considering the volatile circumstances under which these elections were conducted, the people of Afghanistan, those who despite serious threats, risked their lives and came out to vote deserve to be congratulated for this achievement. We stand in grief by those families who have lost loved ones during this process and urge our people not to give up. We emphasize the approach which treats this election not just as a technical event; it is critical to acknowledge the challenges it entailed as well as the bravery of the people of Afghanistan and vibrant campaigns amidst threats, abductions, murders and suicide bombings. The elections were flawed; the process however, was noble and opened up new opportunities for the strengthening of democracy. Executive Summary Afghanistan's second Presidential and Provincial Council Elections were held on August 20, 2009 and were administered by the Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan in six phases including the Voter Registration, Candidate Nomination, Campaign Period, Election Day, Tabulation and Result Verification, and Audit and Recount. The Free and Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan (FEFA), observed all phases of the election process through the deployment of 7137 observers across Afghanistan, with the objective of ensuring a free, fair and transparent electoral process and promoting public participation in the election through greater awareness and information dissemination, thus help in building public confidence in the process and support the cause of democracy in Afghanistan. The 2009 election, as an exercise of democracy was conducted amidst serious security crisis. Lack of security not just hindered the smooth running of the election process from the administrative point of view, but also affected the scale and extent of activity of national and international observer organizations. To begin with, FEFA could only cover 60% of the country. Observers' inability to reach to all areas in Afghanistan was one of the factors affecting the transparency of the process as a whole. Furthermore, administrative, technical, communication and logistical problems faced by IEC and the ECC added to the questions of lack of independence of both the entities, thus paving the grounds for electoral offences, irregularities and violations to be committed by many including IEC and ECC local staff, senior government officials, members