DOCSLIB.ORG

George Galphin: Portrait of an Early South Carolina Entrepreneur

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
George Galphin: Portrait of an Early South Carolina Entrepreneur THE PROCEEDINGS of The South Carolina Historical Association 2002 THE PROCEEDINGS of The South Carolina Historical Association 2002 Robert C. Figueira and Stephen Lowe Co-Editors The South Carolina Historical Association South Carolina Department of Archives and History Columbia, South Carolina http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/scha/scha.htm Officers of the Association President: W. Calvin Smith, University of South Carolina at Aiken Vice-President: Linda Hayner, Bob Jones University Secretary: M. Ron Cox, Jr., USC Salkehatchie Treasurer: Rodger Stroup, South Carolina Department of Archives and History Executive and Editorial Board Members J.Tracy Power, South Carolina Department of Archives and History Sam Thomas, York County Culture and Heritage Commission Robin Copp, South Caroliniana Library Stephen Lowe, Presbyterian College, co-editor Robert C. Figueira, Lander University, co-editor Membership Application The SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION is an organization that furthers the teaching and understanding of history. The only requirement for membership is an interest in and a love for history. At the annual meeting papers on German, British, Asian, U.S., Southern, and South Carolina history are routinely presented. Sessions on race relations, gender issues and the teaching of history are standard. Papers presented at the annual meeting may be published in The Proceedings, a ref- ereed journal. Membership benefits include: a subscription to The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association, notification of the annual meeting, the right to submit a pro- posal for a paper for presentation at the annual meeting, the quarterly SCHA News- letter, and the annual membership roster of the Association. SCHA membership is from January 1 to December 31. Student members must cur- rently be enrolled in school. Regular members are those who are employed or are actively seeking employment. Life members are 10-year members of the organiza- tion who have retired. To renew or join, please return this application with your check to: William Brockington, Jr., Treasurer SCHA, Department of History, USC Aiken, 171 University Parkway, Aiken, SC 29801. Telephone: (803) 641-3223; Fax: 803-641-3461; E-mail: [email protected]. Membership category (check one): Name and title (please print) ❑ Student ($5) Address ❑ Regular ($10) ❑ Life member City, state, and zip code Membership status (check one:) ❑ Renewal ❑ New Phone/Institutional affiliation E-mail address Area(s) of interest Program Questionnaire By completing this questionnaire you will assist future program committees in planning annual meetings of interest to Association members. The secretary will provide this information to the incoming chair of the program committee and to the editor of The Proceedings. Name Address Institution Topic of paper you wish to present Have you presented a similar paper at another professional meeting? If so, give location and date List your two most recent publications Would you be willing to review papers for publication in The Proceedings? If so, on what general subject Mail to: Professor M. Ron Cox, Jr. South Carolina Historical Association University of South Carolina at Salkehatchie PO Box 1337 Walterboro, South Carolina 29488 Editor’s Notes The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association is a refereed journal contain- ing selected papers and abstracts of papers presented at the annual meeting. The editor and the Executive Board serve as the editorial committee in conjunction with members chosen for their expertise. The editor disclaims any responsibility for the scholarship, statements of fact or opinion, and the conclusions of contributors. The editor is especially indebted to those colleagues who reviewed papers submitted for publication. In every case, their comments and suggestions improved the quality of the papers presented here. Reviewers for the 2001 volume were: Katherine D. Cann, Spartanburg Methodist College Joel S. Cleland, Lander University James Dunlap, III, Limestone College James Farmer, USC Aiken Fritz Hamer, South Carolina State Museum Linda Hayner, Bob Jones University A. V. Huff, Jr., Furman University Paul Lofton, Jr., Spartanburg Methodist College Melissa Walker, Converse College As I conclude a three-year term as editor of The Proceedings, I am deeply grateful to the authors who submitted papers for publication in the 1999, 2000, and 2001 volumes. Their cooperation in revising for publication papers written for oral presentation has made my task easier. Without doubt, reviewers frequently saved both authors and editor from factual or grammatical errors. The assistance of Dr. Rodger Stroup and the South Carolina Department of Archives and History has been invaluable. Every editor should be so fortunate as to have the final copy prepared by a person as gifted as Judy Andrews at the Archives Publications Office. Her contributions to the recent issues of The Proceedings are beyond measure. Contents Luncheon Address: Building Bridges for the Next Millennia: Partnerships in the History World ................................................................................................................ Sam Thomas, York County Culture and Heritage Commission In the Deep Mid-Winter: Fuel Prices in Seventeenth-Century London .................... Linda Hayner, Bob Jones University Voting for God: The Politics of South Carolina Camp Meetings ............................... Dale Walden Johnson, Erskine Theological Seminary George Galphin: Portrait of an Early South Carolina Entrepreneur ......................... Michael Morris, University of South Carolina—Aiken The Dawn of Modern, Electronic Television ............................................................... Nathaniel Pendleton, The Childrenís Museum of Indianapolis The Value of Chinese Immigrants During the Building of the First American Transcontinental Railroad, 1852–1869 ....................................................... Grady Powell, Furman University The Memory Palace of Lorenzo Johnson: Pedagogy and the Art of Memory in the Nineteenth Century ........................................................................................... Kevin Brooks Sheets, State University of New York—College at Cortland The Emperor’s New Clothes: President Gustav Diaz Ordaz, the 1968 Student Movement, and the Crisis of Mexico’s Institutionalized Revolution ......................... Julia Sloan, University of South Carolina—Salkehatchie Dalton and the Rebirth of the Army of Tennessee ..................................................... Louis P. Towles, Southern Wesleyan University History and the Persistence of Memory: A Study of the World War I Memoirs of Vera Brittain and Ruth Wittaker ................................................................................... Joyce A. Wood, Anderson College 1 Building Bridges For The Next Millenia: Partnerships In The History World Sam Thomas here are two quotes that I believe best sums up the importance of history, and Tthe responsibility that we, as historians, owe to society although neither of the writers was an historian. I will open with the first and close with the second. The most effectual means of preventing tyranny is to illuminate,as far as practical, the minds of the people at large, and more espe- cially to give them knowledge of those facts which history exhibiteth, that possessed thereby of the experience of other ages and countries, they may be able to know ambition under all of its shapes, and be prompt to exert their natural powers to defeat its purposes. Thomas Jefferson Barnard Bailyn, former historian at Harvard University and past president of the American Historical Association states that, “history . is public knowledge, and the broader, the more popular the audience for accurate history, the better.” As we assembled here today know, history serves us in so many different yet interconnected ways. hHstory informs and educates us by providing perspective and context that allow us to make informed, and, hopefully, intelligent, decisions about the future; but history does more than teach and prepare us. Historyalso has both the power and the energy to entertain, to delight, to expand, and to intensify the experience of being who we are, of being American, of being South Carolinians. All historians, whether teaching, writing, or presenting, work in teams all the time. Historians, history organizations, and history institutions working in partner- ship with each other and with their communities immediately rise to the top as the leaders in advancing the cause of the world of history. Simply, we are the keepers and compilers of our shared record of the past. We all must keep this in mind. We are the movers and the shakers of the future. Now, granted, we may not have the financial resources that many others do, but the research, the writing, the exhibit- ing, the interpreting we do, in the long-run, goes far beyond our present times. By helping to save and keep history’s resources we form a deeper connection with our culture, our heritage, our people, our nation. And we do this best by join- ing and sharing with others in sharing the evidence and engaging in the intellectual exchange of ideas in our chosen field. It is true that “Knowledge is Power”; and the The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association 2 more knowledge we have the more power we have, but it is nearly impossible to increase that knowledge on an individual basis, whether as an individual researcher or an individual institution.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Roots and Routes
    1 ROOTS AND ROUTES The journey embarked upon by Black Loyalists destined for the Baha- mas was not marked by a rupture from their past experiences in colonial America, but rather reflected a continuity shaped by conditions of en- slavement and their entry into a British colony as persons of color. Like West African victims of the transatlantic slave trade, Black Loyalists arriv- ing in the Bahamas did not come as a tabula rasa, but rather brought with them various ideas aboutproof religion, land, politics, and even freedom. Thus, upon arrival in the Bahamas the lessons of the Revolutionary War were appropriated and reinterpreted by Black Loyalist men and women in a va- riety of ways, often with varying consequences. Such complex transmuta- tions within the Bahamas invite an analytical approach that examines the roots of such thought as it emerged out of the social and political world of colonial British North America. A brief examination of leading Black Loyalists in the Bahamas demon- strates that the world they lived in was indelibly shaped by the world they left behind. Prince Williams’ remarkable story began in colonial Georgia where he was born free, but was later “cheated out of his freedom and sold to an American.”1 Although his slave owner is never mentioned by name, Williams’ account reveals that he was forced to serve “this man” when “the British troops came to Georgia.” Taking advantage of the chaos of the American Revolution, Williams, in an act of self-assertion, escaped to the British side in order to claim freedom as a Black Loyalist.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC PLACES in SOUTH CAROLINA ////////////////////////////// September 2015
    AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC PLACES IN SOUTH CAROLINA ////////////////////////////// September 2015 State Historic Preservation Office South Carolina Department of Archives and History should be encouraged. The National Register program his publication provides information on properties in South Carolina is administered by the State Historic in South Carolina that are listed in the National Preservation Office at the South Carolina Department of Register of Historic Places or have been Archives and History. recognized with South Carolina Historical Markers This publication includes summary information about T as of May 2015 and have important associations National Register properties in South Carolina that are with African American history. More information on these significantly associated with African American history. More and other properties is available at the South Carolina extensive information about many of these properties is Archives and History Center. Many other places in South available in the National Register files at the South Carolina Carolina are important to our African American history and Archives and History Center. Many of the National Register heritage and are eligible for listing in the National Register nominations are also available online, accessible through or recognition with the South Carolina Historical Marker the agency’s website. program. The State Historic Preservation Office at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History welcomes South Carolina Historical Marker Program (HM) questions regarding the listing or marking of other eligible South Carolina Historical Markers recognize and interpret sites. places important to an understanding of South Carolina’s past. The cast-aluminum markers can tell the stories of African Americans have made a vast contribution to buildings and structures that are still standing, or they can the history of South Carolina throughout its over-300-year- commemorate the sites of important historic events or history.
    [Show full text]
  • The African American Experience and the Creek
    The African American Experience and the Creek War, 1813-14: An Annotated Bibliography Task Agreement NumberP16AC01696 Under Cooperative Agreement Number P13AC00443 Between The United States Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service Horseshoe Bend National Military Park and Auburn University August 8, 2017 Report Prepared By Kathryn H. Braund Hollifield Professor of Southern History Auburn University Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 3 Essay on Sources .............................................................................. 4 Annotated Bibliography ............................................................. 38 Manuscript Primary Sources ..................................... 39 Published Primary Sources ........................................ 56 Primary Sources: Internet Databases .................... 78 Newspapers and Periodicals ..................................... 83 Illustrations, Maps, and Photographs .................... 86 Secondary Sources ......................................................... 89 Tertiary Sources .......................................................... 113 Note on Accompanying Documents ................................... 115 2 INTRODUCTION This project sought to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary sources related to the experience of African-Americans prior to, during, and after the Creek War (1813-1814) and the War of 1812. For the period immediately following the Creek War, the project also sought information
    [Show full text]
  • David Holmes, Timothy Barnard, and Questionable Loyalties
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications History, Department of 6-27-2019 David Holmes, Timothy Barnard, And Questionable Loyalties Bryan C. Rindfleisch Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/hist_fac Part of the History Commons Conflict & War, Espionage and Cryptography, Loyalists, Patriots, People / June 27, 2019 DAVID HOLMES, TIMOTHY BARNARD, AND QUESTIONABLE LOYALTIES by Bryan Rindfleisch Search i ith the Revolutionary War in full swing by August 1776, George Galphin penned a letter to his nephew, Timothy Barnard. Galphin started his letter with a report of the expeditions against W the Cherokee Indians in the spring and summer, followed by the news of armed confrontations between settlers in Georgia and Creek (Muscogee) Indians, although Galphin hoped Cherokee losses might convince the Creeks they would be “served in the same manner.” Galphin then described the activities undertaken by revolutionaries in Charleston, Savannah, and Philadelphia. For instance, American forces expelled the British navy from Charleston, capturing one ship and three transports, although he mistakenly conated the capture of different ships near Boston when he said the Charleston captures were taken “with all Frasers Highlanders aboard 700 & odd men.” Meanwhile, Charles Search Lee marched into Savannah “upon a secret expedition,” although rumors suggested Lee intended to strike British garrisons in East Florida. Galphin then reported a “24 Gun ship gone from Charles Town
    [Show full text]
  • •Œlet Us Try to Make Each Other Happy, and Not
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 "Let Us Try to Make Each Other Happy, and Not Wretched": the Creek-Georgian Frontier, 1776-1796 Kevin Kokomoor Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES “LET US TRY TO MAKE EACH OTHER HAPPY, AND NOT WRETCHED:” THE CREEK-GEORGIAN FRONTIER, 1776-1796 By KEVIN KOKOMOOR A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2013 Kevin Kokomoor defended this dissertation on October 4, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Andrew K. Frank Professor Directing Dissertation Dennis Moore University Representative Robinson Herrera Committee Member Edward Grey Committee Member Frederick Davis Committee Member The Graduate School has verifies and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I dedicate this to my mom and dad. Thanks for everything! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract v INTRODUCTION 1 1. “ALL THE RED PEOPLE WERE NOW THE KING’S PEOPLE:” CREEKS CHOOSE SIDES, 1776-1782 25 2. “BURNING & DESTROYING ALL BEFORE THEM” THE CREEK REVOLUTIONARY WAR EFFORT 77 3. “CONQUERORS OF THE OLD & MASTERS OF THE NEW WORLD:” GEORGIAN TREATIES AND CREEK RESPONSES, 1783-1786 108 4. “THE STATE OF GEORGIA NOW LAYS AT OUR MERCY:” THE OCONEE WAR, 1786-1789 144 5. “A DEBAUCHED AND MERCENARY MAN, AND EXTREMELY TIMID:” THE RISE AND FALL OF ALEXANDER MCGILLIVRAY, 1789-1793 175 6.
    [Show full text]
  • WAINWRIGHT-THESIS.Pdf
    ABSTRACT Both Native South and Deep South: The Native Transformation of the of the Gulf South Borderlands, 1770–1835 by James Eyre Wainwright How did the Native South become the Deep South within the span of a single generation? This dissertation argues that these ostensibly separate societies were in fact one and the same for several decades. It significantly revises the history of the origins of antebellum America’s slave-based economy and shows that the emergence of a plantation society in Alabama and Mississippi was in large part a grassroots phenomenon forged by Indians and other native inhabitants as much as by Anglo-American migrants. This native transformation occurred because of a combination of weak European colonial regimes; the rise of cattle, cotton, and chattel slavery in the region; and the increasingly complex ethnic and racial geography of the Gulf South. Inhabitants of the Gulf South between the American Revolution and Indian removal occupied a racial and social milieu that was not distinctly Indian, African, or European. Nor can it be adequately defined by hybridity. Instead, Gulf southerners constructed something unique. Indians and native non-Indians—white and black—owned ranches and plantations, employed slave labor, and pioneered the infrastructure for cotton production and transportation. Scotsmen and Spaniards married Indians and embraced their matrilineal traditions. Anglo- and Afro-American migrants integrated into an emergent native cotton culture in which racial and cultural identities remained permeable and flexible. Thus, colonial and borderland-style interactions persisted well into the nineteenth century, even as the region grew ever more tightly bound to an expansionist United States.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of an Ice House at Old Town Plantation
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2012 An Examination of an Ice House at Old Town Plantation Elizabeth A. Gillispie Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Gillispie, Elizabeth A., "An Examination of an Ice House at Old Town Plantation" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 624. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/624 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN EXAMINATION OF AN ICE HOUSE AT OLD TOWN PLANTATION by ELIZABETH A. GILLISPIE (Under the Direction of Sue M. Moore) ABSTRACT Old Town plantation has had a long and prosperous life. The property has been occupied historically for more than 200 hundred years. Christopher Fitzsimmons’ purchased the property in 1809. Fitzsimmons’ created a working plantation and an elaborate homestead at Old Town. It is his occupation that this research centers around. Excavations in 1994 revealed the foundation footings of his home, the associated springhouse and his ice house. This thesis is an in depth examination of ice houses around the world comparatively and how these structures relate to the ice house at Old Town. INDEX WORDS: Ice house, Ice, Old Town plantation, Glass bottles, Fitzsimmons, Buhrstones, Sheftall 1 AN EXAMINATION OF AN ICE HOUSE AT OLD TOWN PLANTATION by ELIZABETH A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indians May Be Led, but Will Not Be Drove the Creek Nation's Struggle for Control
    “THE INDIANS MAY BE LED,BUT WILL NOT BE DROVE” THE CREEK INDIANS STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF ITS OWN DESTINY, 1783-1794 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By William David Cummings In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major Department: History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies March 2016 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title “THE INDIANS MAY BE LED,BUT WILL NOT BE DROVE” THE CREEK INDIANS STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF ITS OWN DESTINY, 1783-1794 By William David Cummings The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Thomas D. Isern Chair John Cox Mark Harvey Jo Ann Miller William Caraher Approved: March 30, 2016 John Cox Date Department Chair ABSTRACT History tends to portray the interactions between Euro-American settlers and native Indian Nations as one in which Euro-American settlers imposed dominance on the Indians. This work takes an in-depth look at the relationship between the Creek Nation and the Euro-American settlers of Georgia in the early years of the American republic and shows the Creeks in control of their own destiny, as well as the destiny of Georgia and the young republic. The core argument is that the nature of the Creek nation allowed them to maintain autonomy while affecting the physical development of the United States From Massachusetts to Carolina various Native American nations had tried to fend off Euro-American expansion but were forced off their land in short order.
    [Show full text]
  • Conduct and Relation of the Secretary of War to the Claim of the Representatives of George Galphin
    University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 5-17-1850 Conduct and relation of the Secretary of War to the claim of the representatives of George Galphin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation H.R. Rep. No. 334, 31st Cong., 1st Sess. (1850) This House Report is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 31st CoxGREss, Rep. No. 334. Ho. oFRRPs. 1st Session. CONDUCT AND RELATION OF THE SECRETARY OF \IVAR TO THE CLAIM OP THE REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGE GALPHlN. MAY 17, 1850. Ordered that the said report be made the special order of the day for the fourth T11esday in June next, and be printed. Ivlr. BuRT, from the Select Committee appointed to investigate the con­ nexion and relation of the Secretary of War to the claim of the repre~ sentatives of George Galphin, made the following REPORT : The Select Committee to wltom ·were referred a communication from the Hon. George W. CrauJord to the 8peaker of the House, of the second of ApriL, in the following words: ''My c1Jicial conne.xion
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Archeological Investigations at Silver Bluff Plantation Aiken County, South Carolina James D
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Research Manuscript Series Institute of 10-1980 Initial Archeological Investigations at Silver Bluff Plantation Aiken County, South Carolina James D. Scurry J. Walter Joseph Fritz Hamer University of South Carolina, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Scurry, James D.; Joseph, J. Walter; and Hamer, Fritz, "Initial Archeological Investigations at Silver Bluff lP antation Aiken County, South Carolina" (1980). Research Manuscript Series. 161. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/161 This Book is brought to you by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Manuscript Series by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Initial Archeological Investigations at Silver Bluff lP antation Aiken County, South Carolina Keywords Excavations, Silver Bluff lP antation, Aiken County, South Carolina, Archeology Disciplines Anthropology Publisher The outhS Carolina Institute of Archeology and Anthropology--University of South Carolina Comments In USC online Library catalog at: http://www.sc.edu/library/ This book is available at Scholar Commons: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/161 INITIAL ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT SILVER BLUFF PLANTATION AIKEN COUNTY., SOUTH CAROLINA by James D. Scurry., J. Walter Joseph., and Fritz Hamer Research Manuscript Series 168 The University of South Carolina offers equal opportunity in its employment, admissions and educational activities, in accordance with Title IX, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and other civil rights laws.
    [Show full text]
  • George Galphin and Indian-White Relations in the Georgia
    GEORGE GALPHIN AND INDIAN-WHITE RELATIONS IN THE GEORGIA BACKCOUNTRY DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION John McKay Sheftall Macon, Georgia B.A., University of Georgia, 1980 A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1983 GEORGE GALPHIN AND INDIAN-WHITE RELATIONS IN THE GEORGIA BACKCOUNTRY DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION John McKay Sheftall Macon, Georgia Approved: ^ Date /9 Major Professor / U h "Ai i-z-t Date Jp. j !<?<* ? Second Reader TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface iv Chapter I: Neutrality: The First Federal Indian Policy . , 1 Chapter II: Backcountry Diplomacy, 1775-1778 19 Chapter III: War with the Indians, 1778-1782 44 Notes 62 Bibliography 74 PREFACE The history of Indian-white relations during the American Revolution is unusually complex. Before the Revolution the British developed an Indian policy which Indian superintendents and colo- nial governors attempted to implement in the Southeast as well as elsewhere in the colonies. However, this policy conflicted fre- quently with economic interests of Indian traders and backcountry settlers. After 1775 when these same Americans had an opportunity to formulate their own policy, new competing interests emerged. Backcountry settlers wanted to grab more Indian lands at the risk of war with the Indians, while traders wished to maintain peace along the frontier. Newly formed state governments attempted to solve this conflict diplomatically, and even the Continental Congress voiced its opinion by establishing Indian neutrality as an official goal. The responsibility for implementing the first Indian policy of the United States devolved primarily upon commissioners and agents appointed by the Continental Congress and individual state legislatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Augusta Falls to Patriots – Finally!
    Vol. 3 Nos. 6-7-8____________________ Dog Days Issue __________ __June-July-August 2006 “A Perfect Circumvallation” - Augusta Falls to Patriots – Finally! Mural of the 2d Siege of the British stronghold of Augusta, Georgia painted by Dick Westcott and owned by the Augusta Museum of History. The Maham tower shown in the distance is where the Patriots mounted their six pounder to fire into the Loyalists holding Fort Cornwallis. Patriot militia Gen. Andrew Pickens, operating with Continentals under Lt. Col. Henry “Light Horse Harry” Lee and Georgia Patriot militia Lt. Col. Elijah Clarke dislodged Loyalist Lt. Col. Thomas Brown and his Kings Rangers from their Augusta posts at Forts Grierson and Cornwallis [besieged from May 23 to June 5, 1781]. Learn the story beginning on page 32. In This Edition Upcoming Eutaw Springs Conference……………….….2 Augusta - 225th Anniversary… ……….…….…….…....13 Sacred Relics: the $17 million flag sale……..…….….….3 Fort Granby - 225th Anniversary… ……..……….…....16 Editor’s / Publisher’s Notes……………..……….….……7 Archaeology Report……………………………….…….16 Corps of Discovery…………………….………..…...……7 Francis Marion Trail Commission……………….…….17 Event Planning………………………… ………………...8 New Southern Revolutionary War Institute…….…….18 New Francis Marion Statue…………………...…………9 Ninety Six – 225th Anniversary Events…………..…….20 US House Passes Two RW Bills…………………...……10 Calendar of Upcoming Events……..……………...……21 Ramsour’s Mill – 226th Events…………………..……...11 Hopsewee Visit……………………………..……………25 Georgia Patriots Day Celebration………………….…..11 Indians in the Revolution…………….…………………27 Beckhamville – 226th Events………..…….…….…...…..12 2d Siege of Augusta………………………………..….…32 1 Battle of Eutaw Springs Campaign, Thomas Sumter, and Nathanael Greene Conference & Tour symposia. Assisted by military historians Dr. Lee F. McGee, Steven J. Rauch and Dr. Jim Piecuch, with th geologist Dr.
    [Show full text]