Race Relations Act 1968 CHAPTER 71
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Liberties a History of Human Rights in Canada
TAKING LIBERTIES A HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CANADA Edited by David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in Canada by Oxford University Press 8 Sampson Mews, Suite 204, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 0H5 Canada www.oupcanada.com Copyright © David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn 2013 Contributors retain copyright for their contributions The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Permissions Department at the address above or through the following url: www.oupcanada.com/permission/permission_request.php Every effort has been made to determine and contact copyright holders. In the case of any omissions, the publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgement in future editions. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Taking liberties : a history of human rights in Canada / edited by David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-900479-9 (bound) 1. -
Comparative Study of Anti-Discrimination Laws of the UK, the United States of America and India
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 7 No 3 S2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy May 2016 Comparative Study of Anti-Discrimination Laws of the UK, the United States of America and India Amir Hossein Amirkahni Associate Professor in Payame Nour University, Tehran Reza Heydari Sheikh Tabghi MA Student, Public Administration, Payame Nour, Western Tehran Doi:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s2p96 Abstract The issue of legal prohibition of discrimination is important because «high and positive correlation exists between the sense of political equality and belief in legitimacy of govenrment. This relationship guarantees the meaning that acceptance and confirming the legitimacy of the government realizes when the state and its Statesmen respect the principles of equality »(Yousefi, 2004). Additionally, battle against discrimination in society leads to increased participation of social groups in managing social affairs and this by itself leads to increased national cohesion and progress in the country. This paper compares the laws against discrimination in the countries of India, The Unites States of America and The United Kingdom with regards to historical and social background, sources of anti-discrimination laws, how to identify the grounds of discrimination, multiple discriminations, coverage and how to apply affirmative action. Keywords: Discrimination, Equality, Law, United Kingdom, United States of America, India 1. Introduction Discrimination means different behavior with individuals because of what they are or believe in. Discrimination aims at the heart of humanity. We all have the right to be treated equally, regardless of our race, ethnicity, nationality, class, caste, religion, belief, sex, language, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, health or other status. -
Acts of Parliament That Have Led to Change
www.parliament.uk/get-involved Acts of Parliament that have led to change 1601 Poor Relief Act After many monasteries were closed by Henry VIII, Parliament introduced the Poor Relief Act in 1601 to support people who could not work. Later, the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 encouraged the building of workhouses to try to address the problems caused by the industrial revolution. Old age pensions were introduced in 1905 and state-provided welfare expanded in the decades that followed. In 1942, the Beveridge report argued that the poor laws and other provision should be replaced with a comprehensive welfare state. Those changes, including the foundation of the NHS, were introduced by Parliament following the Second World War. Campaigns to reform the welfare and health and social care system continue. 1807 Abolition of the Slave Trade Act In the 18th century, a brutal trade network transported kidnapped Africans to European colonies in the Americas and Caribbean to work as slaves. In 1787, campaigners, including former slaves, boycotted slave- produced goods and petitioned Parliament. In Parliament, William Wilberforce led the campaign to abolish the trade. Eventually, the massive national campaign inside and outside Parliament led to Parliament banning the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807, with slaves finally being freed – with compensation for the slave owners, but not the slaves - in 1838. The 2015 Modern Slavery Act tries to ensure that our slavery laws are up to date and protect people from being exploited. 1833 Factory Act In the early years of the industrial revolution, thousands of children worked long hours in factories and mills in often dangerous conditions. -
Runnymede Trust Conference: What Magna Carta and the Race
RUNNYMEDE TRUST CONFERENCE WHAT MAGNA CARTA AND THE RACE RELATIONS ACT MEAN TO US TODAY SIR RABINDER SINGH 29 JULY 2015 1. I am honoured to have been invited to address you today. The Runnymede Trust is the leading organisation in this country dedicated to the promotion of racial equality. When it was founded in 1968 by Jim Rose and Anthony Lester it took its name from the meadow by the Thames where the first Magna Carta was sealed in 1215. I am particularly pleased that, among the understandable and widespread commemorations of the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta, the opportunity has not been lost also to remember that this is the 50th Anniversary of the first Race Relations Act in this country. 2. At first sight it is not obvious that there is any link between the two. It is well- known that Magna Carta was sealed as part of a power struggle between King John and the Barons. They would hardly have been interested in creating an equal society. Furthermore, many of the references in Magna Carta itself are based on distinctions between people depending on their status: the reference to “all free men” clearly excluded those who were villeins. The institution of 1 serfdom was very much alive at that time. And there were provisions in the 1215 version of Magna Carta which on their face discriminated against Jews. 3. Lord Sumption, who is not only a Justice of the Supreme Court but a distinguished historian, has described the sentiments which often surround Magna Carta as “high minded tosh.”1 Although it is undoubtedly correct to question whether many of the modern readings of Magna Carta have any basis in historical fact, it is also important to recall that the mythology surrounding such documents can itself have continuing impact on a society. -
The Secularisation of the British Constitution
The Secularisation of the British Constitution 1 September 2012 Reporter Ecclesiastical Law Journal, 14, 371-399 Length: 16964 words Author: Julian Rivers, Professor of Jurisprudence, University of Bristol Law School Text In recent years, the relationship between law and religion has been subject to increased scholarly interest. In part this is the result of new laws protecting religious liberty and non-discrimination, and it may be that overall levels of litigation have increased as well. In all this activity, there are signs that the relationship between law and religion is changing. While unable to address every matter of detail, this article seeks to identify the underlying themes and trends. It starts by suggesting that the constitutional settlement achieved by the end of the nineteenth century has often been overlooked, religion only appearing in the guise of inadequately theorised commitments to individual liberty and equality. The article then considers the role of multiculturalism in promoting recent legal changes. However, the new commitment to multiculturalism cannot explain a number of features of the law: the minimal impact of the Human Rights Act 1998, the uncertain effect of equality legislation, an apparent rise in litigation in established areas of law and religion, and some striking cases in which acts have been found to be unlawful in surprising ways. In contrast, the article proposes a new secularisation thesis. The law is coming to treat religions as merely recreational and trivial. This has the effect of reducing the significance of religion as a matter of conscience, as legal system and as a context for public service. -
Fundamental Rights in the United Kingdom: the Law and the British Constitution*
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: THE LAW AND THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION* ANTHONY LESTERt I. INTRODUCTION I am honoured to have been invited to give this lecture and more grateful than words can express. It is a daunting invitation, especially when one recalls the demanding standards of the Owen J. Roberts Memorial Lectureship and the distinguished character of my predecessors. And it is a particular privilege for an Englishman-who is not a judge, a statesman, or a professor, but a practitioner at the English Bar-to have been asked to lecture in this historic birthplace of the Declaration of Indepen- dence during the year of the Bicentennial celebrations. I believe that Mr. Justice Roberts would have been in- terested by my theme. In his judicial capacity, he was a member of a divided Court that was called upon to reconcile the constitu- tional guarantees of personal liberty both with the proper alloca- tion of power between the federal government and the states of the Union, and with the imperatives of a great modern industrial nation. His judicial experience would surely have made him in- terested in the way in which we, in the United Kingdom, have wrestled with analogous constitutional and legal problems, with- out a written constitution or a binding Bill of Rights. And his work for international federation and Atlantic union, after his retirement from the Supreme Court, indicates that he would have been fascinated by the constitutional and legal conse- quences of the creation of a European Community, inspired by the making of the United States. -
Human Rights in the UK UN Protection of Rights
Historical protection of rights Magna Carta 1215 – restricted the King’s The Putney Debates 1647 – discussed powers, supported habeas corpus, and universal male suffrage and rights for introduced petitioning the poor SAMPLE Habeas Corpus Act 1679 – strengthened the English Bill of Rights 1689 – prohibited right to a fair trial cruel and unusual punishment, and provided a foundation for the rule of law Human Rights in the UK UN protection of rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights International Convention on Elimination 1948 – adopted by the UN following the of all forms of Racial Discrimination 1965 – atrocities of WW2 the first UN human rights treaty, ratified by the UK in 1969 SAMPLE UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Universal Periodic Review 2006 – all UN 1989 – children need special protection member states will have their human rights of their rights records scrutinised Human Rights in the UK UK human rights laws Race Relations Act 1965 – laid the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 – banned foundations for future, more effective discrimination against women in employment, legislation in the Race Relations Act 1976 education and provision of goods and services SAMPLE Disability Discrimination Act 1995 – covered Equality Act 2010 – combined 110 pieces of discrimination in employment, education, rights legislation into one Act transport, and premises Human Rights in the UK Human Rights Act 1998 Enshrined the European Convention on All UK laws – old and new – must be Human Rights into UK law ‘compatible’ with the HRA SAMPLE All public -
Ethnicity, Race and Inequality in the UK
“This is simply a must-read book for all those who want to understand the UK in and Inequality Race Ethnicity, racial inequalities in British society. It provides an up-to-date and convincing case that we have a long way to go in terms of achieving racial justice.” John Solomos, University of Warwick Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Fifty years after the establishment of the Runnymede Trust and the Race Relations Act of 1968, which sought to end discrimination in public life, this accessible book provides commentary by some of the UK’s foremost scholars of race and ethnicity on data relating to a wide range of sectors of society, including employment, health, education, criminal justice, housing and representation in the arts and media. It explores what progress has been made, identifies those areas where inequalities remain stubbornly resistant to change and asks how our thinking around race and ethnicity has changed in an era of Islamophobia, Brexit and an increasingly diverse population. Bridget Byrne is Professor of Sociology at The University of Manchester and Director of Khan, Nazroo and Shankley Byrne, Alexander, the ESRC research Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). Claire Alexander is Professor of Sociology at The University of Manchester and Deputy Director of the ESRC research Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). BRIDGET Omar Khan is Director of the Runnymede Trust, the UK’s leading independent race equality think tank. BYRNE ––– James Nazroo is Professor of Sociology at The University of Manchester, Deputy Director of the ESRC research Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) and co-director CLAIRE of the Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing. -
Protection of Immigrant and Racial Minorities: a Survey of British Legal History
William & Mary Law Review Volume 13 (1971-1972) Issue 2 Article 5 December 1971 Protection of Immigrant and Racial Minorities: A Survey of British Legal History Richard Plender Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Repository Citation Richard Plender, Protection of Immigrant and Racial Minorities: A Survey of British Legal History, 13 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 338 (1971), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol13/iss2/5 Copyright c 1971 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr PROTECTION OF IMMIGRANT AND RACIAL MINORITIES: A SURVEY IN BRITISH LEGAL HISTORY RICHARD PLENDER* The American lawyer, aware of the great volume of state and federal. legislation which governs racial discrimnmation in the United States and, aware of the growth of racial friction in Britain during the last two decades, is apt to be surprised by the relative paucity of anti-discrimia- tory legislation in the United Kingdom. The main corpus of British law on racial discrimination is now contained in the Race Relations Act 1968 and the few remaining sections of the Race Relations Act 1965. The scarcity of anti-discrimiatory legislation in Britain is popularly attrib- uted to the novelty of racial discrimination in that country I In the same way, the supposed novelty of Britain's so-called race problem is often thought to explain the great interest in the subject shown by members of the academic community in the last 20 years. -
Race Relations Amendment Bill [HL]
RESEARCH PAPER 00/27 The Race Relations 8 MARCH 2000 Amendment Bill [HL] Bill 60 of 1999-2000 This Bill implements a principal recommendation of the Report of the Macpherson Inquiry into the death of Stephen Lawrence, that the Race Relations Act 1976 should apply to the police and the Government decision that it should be extended to all those areas of public authority activity not expressly included by the Act, and excluded by the Amin judgment. It is to be debated in the House of Commons on second reading on Thursday March 9 2000. Jane Fiddick HOME AFFAIRS SECTION Joe Hicks SOCIAL AND GENERAL STATISTICS HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY Recent Library Research Papers include: 00/12 The Armed Forces Discipline Bill [Bill 53 of 1999-2000] 04.02.00 00/13 The Northern Ireland Bill [Bill 61 of 1999-2000] 07.02.00 00/14 The Conflict in Chechnya 07.02.00 00/15 The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill: ‘Age of Consent’ and abuse 07.02.00 of a position of trust [Bill 55 of 1999-2000] 00/16 Licensing (Young Persons) Bill 1999-2000 [Bill 14 of 1999-2000] 09.02.00 00/17 The Parliamentary Oath 14.02.00 00/18 Postal Services Bill [Bill 54 of 1999-2000] 11.02.00 00/19 Unemployment by Constituency, January 2000 16.02.00 00/20 European Defence: from Pörtschach to Helsinki 21.02.00 00/21 Economic Indicators 01.03.00 00/22 The Health Service Commissioners (Amendment) Bill [Bill 15 of 1999-2000] 01.03.00 00/23 The Criminal Justice (Mode of Trial) (No. -
Between the Lines: Contours of Nation, Multiculture and Race Equality in Policy Discourse in the New Labour Period
The London School of Economics and Political Science Between the lines: Contours of nation, multiculture and race equality in policy discourse in the New Labour period A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, December 2013 Sanjiv Lingayah 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 80,186 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help (if applicable) I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Tugrul Marashli and Sangeeta Sooriah. 2 Abstract This thesis examines how New Labour policymakers and Black and Minority Ethnic (BME)- led race equality organisations articulated and connected themes of nation, multiculture and ‘race’ equality in policy discourse and discussions over the New Labour period. My study extends previous accounts of New Labour and multicultural discourses by incorporating the significant, but not always influential, role of BME civil society actors in such policy discussions. -
Race Relations Act 1968
Status: This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format. Race Relations Act 1968 1968 CHAPTER 71 An Act to make fresh provision with respect to discrimination on racial grounds, and to make provision with respect to relations between people of different racial origins. [25th October 1968] BE IT ENACTEDby the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— PART I DISCRIMINATION General 1 Meaning of "discriminate" (1) For the purposes of this Act a person discriminates against another if on the ground of colour, race or ethnic or national origins he treats that other, in any situation to which section 2, 3, 4 or 5 below applies, less favourably than he treats or would treat other persons, and in this Act references to discrimination are references to discrimination on any of those grounds. (2) It is hereby declared that for those purposes segregating a person from other persons on any of those grounds is treating him less favourably than they are treated. 2 Race Relations Act 1968 (c. 71) Part I – Discrimination Document Generated: 2021-03-28 Status: This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format. Unlawful discrimination 2 Provision of goods, facilities and services (1) It shall be unlawful for any person concerned with the provision to the public or a section of the public (whether on payment or otherwise) of any goods, facilities or services to discriminate against any person seeking to obtain or use those goods, facilities or services by refusing or deliberately omitting to provide him with any of them or to provide him with goods, services or facilities of the like quality, in the like manner and on the like terms in and on which the former normally makes them available to other members of the public.