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Introduction: Consuming Texts 1 Reading Has a History Notes Introduction: Consuming Texts 1. Voltaire, Candide and Other Stories, trans. by Roger Pearson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 80. 2. Lucien Dallenbach, The Mirror in the Text, trans. by Jeremy Whitley and Emma Hughes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). 3. Jacqueline Pearson, Women’s Reading in Britain 1750–1835: A Dangerous Recreation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 1–21 (p. 10). 4. Leah Price, ‘Reading Matter’, PMLA, 121, 1 (January 2006), 9–16 (11). 5. William Coe, ‘The Diary of William Coe, 1693–1729’, in Two East-Anglian Diaries 1641–1729, ed. by Matthew Storey (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1994), p. 250. 6. Jonathan Rose, ‘Rereading the English Common Reader: A Preface to a History of Audiences’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 53 (1992), 47–70, reprinted in The Book History Reader, ed. by David Finkelstein and Alistair McCleery (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 324–339 (p. 325); Margaret Beetham, ‘In Search of the Historical Reader’, Siegener Periodicum zur Internationalen Empirischen Literaturwissenschaft [SPIEL], 19 (2000), 89–104 (92–95). 1 Reading Has a History 1. Robert Darnton, ‘First Steps Toward a History of Reading’, Australian Journal of French Studies, 23 (1986), 5–30, reprinted in The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber & Faber, 1990), pp. 154–187 (p. 155). 2. Richard D. Altick, The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public 1800–1900 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957), pp. 379–380. 3. William St Clair, The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 9. 4. Altick, Common Reader, p. 347. 5. Altick, Common Reader, p. 259; Jonathan Rose, ‘How Historians Study Reader Response: Or, What Did Jo Think of Bleak House?’, in Literature in the Marketplace, ed. by John O. Jordan and Robert Patten (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 195–212 (p. 195); Altick’s findings are confirmed by Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001) and St Clair, Reading Nation. 6. R. K. Webb, The British Working Class Reader 1790–1848 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1955); Richard Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy (London: Chatto & Windus, 1957). 7. Q. D. Leavis, Fiction and the Reading Public (London: Chatto & Windus, 1932); Raymond Williams, Culture and Society, 1780–1950 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1958), p. 310. 180 Notes 181 8. Richard Hoggart, A Sort of Clowning (London: Oxford University Press, 1991), quoted in Rose, Intellectual Life, p. 366. 9. Roger Chartier, ‘Texts, Printing, Readings’, in The New Cultural History, ed. by Lynn Hunt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 154–175 (p. 172). 10. James Raven, Helen Small and Naomi Tadmor, ‘Introduction: The Practice and Representation of Reading in England’, in The Practice and Representation of Reading in England, ed. by J. Raven et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 4. 11. David McKitterick, ‘Book Catalogues: Their Varieties and Uses’, in The Book Encompassed: Studies in Twentieth-Century Bibliography ed. by Peter Davison (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 161–175 (p. 162). 12. Under the Hammer: Book Auctions since the Seventeenth Century, ed. by Robin Myers et al. (New Castle: Oak Knoll, 2001). 13. Jason Scott-Warren, ‘News, Sociability, and Bookbuying in Early Modern England: The Letters of Sir Thomas Cornwallis’, The Library, n.s. 1, 4 (2000), 381–402; David McKitterick, ‘Women and Their Books in Seventeenth-Century England: The Case of Elizabeth Puckering’, The Library, n.s. 1, 4 (2000), 359–380; A Radical’s Books: The Library Catalogue of Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1623–1690, ed. by Michael Hunter et al. (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1999). 14. St Clair, Reading Nation, pp. 103–210 (p. 196). 15. St Clair, Reading Nation, p. 118. 16. St Clair, Reading Nation, p. 133, p. 138. 17. Simon Eliot, ‘The Reading Experience Database; or, What Are We to Do About the History of Reading’, The Reading Experience Database Ͻhttp://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/RED/redback.htmϾ 18. William Sherman, John Dee and the Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amsherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995), p. 55. 19. Elizabeth Freund, The Return of the Reader: Reader Response Criticism (London: Methuen, 1987), p. 7. 20. Sherman, John Dee, p. 59. 21. Robert Darnton, ‘First Steps Toward a History of Reading’, Australian Journal of French Studies, 23 (1986), 5–30. Reprinted in The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber & Faber, 1990), pp. 179–182 (181). 22. Roger Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors and Libraries in Europe Between the Fourteenth and the Eighteenth Centuries, trans. by Lydia Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994); Kevin Sharpe, Reading Revolutions: The Politics of Reading In Early Modern England (London: Yale University Press, 2000); Sherman, John Dee, p. 59; St Clair, Reading Nation, pp. 4–5. 23. Roland Barthes, ‘The Death of the Author’, in Image, Music, Text, trans. by Stephen Heath (London: Fontana, 1977), pp. 142–148, reprinted in The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, ed. by William E. Cain et al. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001), pp. 1466–1470 (p. 1470). 24. Roland Barthes, ‘From Work to Text’, in Image, Music, Text, pp. 155–164, reprinted in Norton Anthology, pp. 1470–1475. 25. Andrew Bennett, ‘Introduction’, in Readers and Reading, ed. by Andrew Bennett (London: Longman, 1995), pp. 1–19 (p. 4). 182 Notes 26. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978). 27. Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory (London: Blackwell, 1983), p. 79. 28. The Book History Reader, ed. by David Finkelstein and Alistair McCleery (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 289; Vincent B. Leitch, ‘Reader Response Criticism’, in Readers and Reading, pp. 32–65 (p. 53). 29. H. R. Jauss, ‘Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory’, in Toward An Aesthetic of Reception, trans. by Timothy Bahti (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982), reprinted in Norton Anthology, pp. 1550–1564 (p. 1551, p. 1555, p. 1556, p. 1562). 30. Kate Flint, The Woman Reader, 1837–1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 42. 31. Heidi Brayman Hackel, Reading Material in Early Modern England: Print, Gender, and Literacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 7. 32. Bennett ‘Introduction’, pp. 2–4 (p. 4). 33. Bennett ‘Introduction’, p. 9. Work by all of these theorists is included in Bennett, Readers and Reading. 34. Sherman singles out Blanchot’s insistence on the ‘essential solitude’ of read- ing for particular criticism, John Dee, p. 56. 35. Derek Alsop and Chris Walsh, The Practice of Reading: Interpreting the Novel (Houndmills: Macmillan Press, 1999), p. 23. 36. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. by Steven Randall (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), pp. 165–176, reprinted as ‘Reading as Poaching’ in Readers and Reading, pp. 150–163 (p. 156, p. 157). 37. Alsop and Walsh, The Practice of Reading, p. 94. 38. Certeau, ‘Reading as Poaching’, p. 159. 39. Certeau, ‘Reading as Poaching’, pp. 157–158. 40. David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), p. 144, pp. 146–147. 41. Chartier, Order of Books, p. 23, p. 5. 42. Stanley Fish, ‘Interpreting the Variorum’, Critical Inquiry, 2 (1976), 465–485, reprinted in Norton Anthology of Theory, pp. 2071–2089 (p. 2085). 43. Fish, ‘Interpreting the Variorum’, p. 2084, p. 2085, p. 2088. 44. Fish, ‘Interpreting the Variorum’, p. 2088. 45. Fish, ‘Interpreting the Variorum’, p. 2089, p. 2078. 46. Chartier, Order of Books, p. 3. 47. Jerome McGann, ‘The Text, the Poem and the Problem of Historical Method’, New Literary History, 12, 2 (1981), 269–288, reprinted in Modern Literary Theory: A Reader, ed. by Philip Rise and Patricia Waugh, 2nd edition (London: Edward Arnold, 1989), pp. 289–306 (p. 294, p. 293). 48. Jerome McGann, The Textual Condition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991). 49. Janine Barchas, Graphic Design: Print Culture and the Eighteenth-Century Novel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 1–18 (p. 8, p. 18). 50. Barbara Benedict, Making the Modern Reader: Cultural Mediation in Early Modern Literary Anthologies (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). 51. D. F. McKenzie, ‘Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve’, in Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrundert, ed. by Giles Barber and Bernhard Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), pp. 81–126, Notes 183 reprinted in D. F. Mckenzie, Making Meaning: ‘Printers of the Mind’ and Other Essays, ed. by P. D. McDonald and M. F. Suarez (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002), pp. 198–237 (p. 212, p. 233). 52. D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 25. 53. William Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley, ‘The Intentional Fallacy’, reprinted in Norton Anthology, pp. 1374–1387. 54. McKenzie, Bibliography, pp. 18–25 (p. 25). 55. McKenzie, Bibliography, p. 20, p. 19. 56. Chartier, Order of Books, p. 11, p. 13. 57. Chartier, Order of Books, p. 21; Roger Chartier, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), p. 7. 58. Rose, The Intellectual Life, p. 92; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print, pp. 334–335. 59. Janice Radway, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature (London: Verso, 1987), p. 7, p. 86. 60. Radway, Reading the Romance, p. 8. 61. Harold Love, Scribal Publication in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993). 62. Sharpe, Reading Revolutions, p. 60, p. 307. 63. Sharpe, Reading Revolutions, p. 44, p. 61. 64. Sharpe, Reading Revolutions, p. 61; Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992).
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