MAKERS OF MODERN BIOMEDICINE: A REGISTER

Compiled by C Overy, A Wilkinson, and E M Tansey

Volume 63 2017 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2017

First published by Queen Mary , 2017

The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183.

ISBN 978 1 91019 5307

All volumes are freely available online at www.histmodbiomed.org

Please cite as: Overy C, Wilkinson A, Tansey E M. (comps) (2017) Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary , vol. 63. London: Queen Mary University of London. CONTENTS

Introduction E M Tansey v Acknowledgements E M Tansey vii Witness Seminar volume titles ix Contributors to Witness Seminars and interviews 1 Images 61

INTRODUCTION

In 1997 we published the proceedings of our first four Witness Seminars in modern medicine, funded by the Wellcome Trust. Somewhat optimistically, we called this ‘volume 1’, hoping that we might get funding and support to develop the series at least into double figures. After twenty years of generous funding, we have now published 62 volumes, containing the proceedings of 70 or so seminars, all of which are made freely available on the web. The themes represented here were selected by a Programme Committee (until 2010) or were related to a Strategic Award from the Wellcome Trust (from 2010 until 2017). Topics cover the whole range of modern biomedicine: from clinical genetics to medical- and bio-technology; ethics to rural practice; pure lab research to clinical care; narrative medicine to neuroscience. Our meetings have attracted more than 1200 individuals who have contributed their recollections and comments, agreements and disagreements; several of them having contributed in multiple ways: attending or chairing a number of meetings, writing introductions to the published proceedings, providing commentaries and appendices. Additionally, we have conducted further interviews with more than 65 people, either on audio or video, and usually both. Most, but not all, of these interviewees, have been previous participants at one or more Witness Seminars, and we have used an in-depth interview to enlarge upon experiences and views expressed in those seminars, to develop broader contexts, and to explore individual experiences in more detail. As with the Witness Seminars, all these interviews have been transcribed and edited, and made freely available online; and a small selection has been further edited and published as Voices of Modern Biomedicine. One thing that emerges clearly from this work is that there is no such thing as ‘an ordinary life’, and we are enormously grateful to the many men and women who have trusted us with their memories, and contributed to one or both of our recording projects. We now conclude the published Witness Seminar series with a register of the many people who have taken part in our meetings. Firstly, there is an alphabetical list of all participants, with a reference to the meeting(s) to which they contributed or to their individual interview. Secondly, we provide

v thumbnail portraits usually taken in the course of our Seminars or interviews. This list is not complete as not all participants were photographed, or provided copyright permission to use their images. Most portraits are available in colour at http://www.histmodbiomed.org/witsem/vol63.

Tilli Tansey School of History, Queen Mary University of London

vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The recording of the Witness Seminars and interviews, and the production of the edited transcripts and videos would not have been possible without the help of many individuals: The History of Modern Biomedicine Group: Dr Daphne Christie (1998–2008); Dr Stefania Crowther (2008–2010); Dr Julie Hartley (2013–2015); Ms Emma Jones (2012–2017); Mrs Wendy Kutner (1995–2010); Ms Caroline Overy (2010–2017); Mrs Lois Reynolds (1997–2012); Mr Adam Wilkinson (2011– 2017); Ms Sonia Willhoft (1997–1998); Mr Alan Yabsley (2011–2017); and Dr Apostolos Zarros (2016–2017). Transcribers: Mrs Jaqui Carter and Mrs Debra Gee. Proof readers: Mrs Sarah Beanland, Ms Lucy Moore, Ms Fiona Plowman, and Mr Simon Reynolds. Indexers: Ms Liza Furnival and Ms Cath Topliff. Designers: Ms Julie Wood and Mr Akio Morishima. Collaborators on individual volumes: Professor Virginia Berridge, Professor Peter Catterall, Professor Peter Harper, Dr Koichi Mikami, Professor Andy Ness, Professor Steve Sturdy, and Professor Doris Zallen. Additionally, for all our meetings over the years, we depended a great deal on Wellcome Trust staff to ensure their smooth running: Audiovisual, Catering, Reception, Security, and Wellcome Images. Finally, we thank the Wellcome Trust for generously supporting this programme for so many years. School of History, Queen Mary University of London

vii

WITNESS SEMINAR VOLUME TITLES

Short title Full title Vol No.

5-HT Drugs affecting 5-HT systems 47 Africa British contributions to medical research 10 and education in Africa after the Second World War Air Pollution Air pollution research in Britain 58 c.1955–c.2000 ALSPAC History of the Avon Longitudinal Study of 44 Parents and Children, c.1980–2000 Applied MRC Applied Psychology Unit 16 Asthma Childhood asthma and beyond 11 Autoimmunity Self and non-self: A history of 1 autoimmunity Bovine TB A history of bovine TB c.1965–c.2000 55 Brain Banks The development of brain banks in the UK 53 c.1970–c.2010 Breastfeeding The resurgence of breastfeeding, 1975– 35 2000 Cannabis The medicalization of cannabis 40 Cervical Cancer History of cervical cancer and the role of 38 human papillomavirus, 1960–2000 Cholesterol Cholesterol, artherosclerosis and coronary 27 disease in the UK, 1950–2000 Clinical Molecular Genetics Clinical molecular genetics in the UK 48 c.1975–c.2000 Clinical Cancer Genetics Clinical cancer genetics: Polyposis and 46 familial colorectal cancer c.1975–c.2010 Clinical Genetics Clinical genetics in Britain: Origin and 39 development

ix Short title Full title Vol No.

Clinical Pharmacology 1 Clinical pharmacology in the UK, c.1950– 33 2000: Influences and institutions Clinical Pharmacology 2 Clinical pharmacology in the UK, c.1950– 34 2000: Industry and regulation Clinical Research Clinical research in Britain, 1950–1980 7 Common Cold Unit The MRC Common Cold Unit 2 Corticosteroids Prenatal corticosteroids for reducing 25 morbidity and mortality after preterm birth Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis 20 Dialysis History of dialysis, c.1950–1980 37 Endogenous Opiates Endogenous opiates 1 Environmental Toxicology Environmental toxicology: The legacy of 19 Silent Spring Foot and Mouth Foot and mouth disease: The 1967 18 outbreak and its aftermath General Practice Research in general practice 2 Gene Mapping Human Gene Mapping Workshops 54 c.1973–c.1991 Genetic Testing Genetic testing 17 Haemophilia Haemophilia: Recent history of clinical 4 management Heart Transplant Early heart transplant in the UK 3 Hip Replacement Early development of total hip 29 replacement Intensive Care History of British intensive care, 42 c.1950–c.2000 Intestinal Absorption Intestinal absorption 8 Leukaemia Leukaemia 15 Maternal Care Maternal care 12

x Short title Full title Vol No.

Medical Ethics Medical ethics education in Britain, 1963– 31 1993 Ethics of Genetics. : development of ethical 57 dimensions in clinical practice and research Migraine Migraine: diagnosis, treatment and 49 understanding c.1960–2010 Monoclonal Technology transfer in Britain: the case of 1 monoclonal antibodies MRSA Superbugs and superdrugs: a history of 32 MRSA Muscular Dystrophy The therapeutic implications of muscular 62 dystrophy genomics Narrative Medicine The development of narrative practices in 52 medicine c.1960–c.2000 NATSAL History of the National Survey of Sexual 41 Attitudes and Lifestyles Neonatal Intensive Care Neonatal intensive care 9 NIMR Technology, techniques, and technicians at 59 the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) c.1960–c.2000 NMR and MRI Making the human body transparent: The 2 impact of NMR and MRI Pain Innovation in 21 Palliative Medicine Palliative medicine in the UK c.1970–2010 45 Peptic Ulcer Peptic ulcer: Rise and fall 14 Platelets The recent history of platelets in 23 thrombosis and other disorders Platinum Salts The discovery, use and impact of platinum 30 salts as chemotherapy agents for cancer Population-based Research Population-based research in south Wales: 13 The MRC Pneumoconiosis Research Unit and the MRC Epidemiology Unit

xi Short title Full title Vol No.

Post Penicillin Post penicillin antibiotics: From acceptance 6 to resistance? Psychiatric Drugs Drugs in psychiatric practice 2 Public health in the 1980s and 1990s: 26 Decline and rise? Rhesus Factor The rhesus factor and disease prevention 22 Rural Medicine Historical perspectives on rural medicine 61 SAD The recent history of seasonal affective 51 disorder (SAD) Safety of Drugs The Committee on Safety of Drugs 1 The development of sports medicine in 36 twentieth-century Britain TB Chemotherapy Short-course chemotherapy for 24 tuberculosis TNF The recent history of tumour necrosis 60 factor (TNF) Tobacco Control WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco 43 Control Ultrasound Looking at the unborn: Historical aspects 5 of obstetric ultrasound Waste The development of waste management 57 in the UK c.1960–c.2000

xii Contributors to Witness Seminars and interviews

Dr Matti Aapro Mr James Akre (b. 1951), oncologist: (b. 1944), technical officer at WHO: Platinum Salts. Breastfeeding. Professor Ivar Aaraas Dr Eva Alberman (b. 1944), rural GP and medical (b. 1929), clinical epidemiologist: educator: Neonatal Intensive Care. Rural Medicine. Professor Elizabeth Alder Mr Usama Abdulla (b. 1944), health sciences researcher: (1937–2004), obstetrician: Breastfeeding. Ultrasound. Dr Maurice Allen Professor Sir Donald Acheson (b. 1937), veterinary pathologist: (1926–2010), Chief Medical Officer of Foot and Mouth. 1984 to 1991: Dr Janette Allotey Public Health. (b. 1957), medical historian: Ms Sheila Adam Maternal Care. (b. 1957), intensive care sister: Dr Najeeb Al–Shorbaji Intensive Care. (b. 1954), information scientist WHO: Dr Aileen Adams Tobacco Control. (b. 1923), consultant anaesthetist: Professor H Ross Anderson Intensive Care. (b. 1941), clinical epidemiologist: Professor Matteo Adinolfi Air Pollution (b. 1928), immunologist: Mrs Mary Anderson Genetic Testing. (b. 1932), obstetrician and Professor Michael Adler gynaecologist: (b. 1939), professor of genitourinary Maternal Care. medicine: Dr Stuart Anderson NATSAL. (b. 1946), historian of : Professor Sam Ahmedzai Clinical Pharmacology 1. (b. 1950), specialist: Professor Raymond Andrew Palliative Medicine. (1921–2001), physicist: NMR and MRI.

1 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr John Andrewes Professor John Ashton (b. 1928), GP: (b. 1947), Regional Director of Public Common Cold Unit. Health: Public Health. Professor Paul Andrews (b. 1953), academic pharmacologist, Mr Tom Ashton comparative physiologist: (b. 1928), medical physicist: 5-HT, Platinum Salts. Medical Physics. Dr Joseph Angel Ms Pat Ashworth (b. 1923), consultant : (b. 1930), intensive care sister: TB Chemotherapy. Intensive Care. Professor David Anstee Dr Ita Askonas (b. 1946), haematologist: (1923–2013), immunologist: Rhesus Factor. Monoclonal Antibodies. Professor Rima Apple Professor Sir William Asscher (b. 1944), medical historian: (1930–2014), consultant nephrologist Breastfeeding. and chairman of the committee on safety of : Professor Josephine Arendt Safety of Drugs. (b. 1941), endocrinologist and chronobiologist: Dr Mary Assunta SAD, Individual Interview. (b. 1957), public health specialist: Tobacco Control. Professor Tom Arie (b. 1933), psychiatrist: Dr John Atherton Medical Ethics. (b. 1960), gastroenterologist: Peptic Ulcer. Dr Jeffrey Aronson (b. 1947), clinical pharmacologist and Professor Neil Avent migraine: (b. 1961), molecular geneticist: 5-HT, Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Rhesus Factor. Pharmacology 2, Migraine, Narrative

Medicine, Individual Interview. Professor Ellen (Mel) Avery (1927–2011), paediatrician: Professor Richard Ashcroft Corticosteroids. (b. 1969), Ethicist:

Ethics of Genetics. Professor Graham Ayliffe (b. 1926), microbiologist: Dr Geoffrey Asherson MRSA, Post Penicillin. (1929–2003), immunologist:

Post Penicillin. Mrs Mary Ayres (b. 1935), Honorary President of Migraine Action: Migraine.

2 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Nigel Baber Professor Bert Bakker (b. 1945), pharmacologist: (b. 1951), geneticist: Clinical Pharmacology 2. Clinical Molecular Genetics, Gene Mapping, Muscular Dystrophy, Individual Professor Interview. (b. 1934), Director of MRC Applied Psychology Unit (1974–1995): Dr Mark Bale Applied Psychology. (b. 1962), senior civil servant in the (UK) Department of Health: Professor Kenneth Bagshawe Ethics of Genetics. (b. 1925), medical oncologist: Platinum Salts. Professor Fran Balkwill (b. 1952), cancer researcher: Dr Rosemarie Baillod TNF. (b. 1936), home haemodialysis manager: Dr Carol Ball Dialysis. (b. 1955), intensive care sister: Intensive Care. Dr Mary Baines (b. 1932), physician, hospice pioneer: Dr Derek Bangham Palliative Medicine. (1924–2008), head of Biological Standards: Dr David Bainton Clinical Research, Haemophilia, Intestinal (1941–2002), public health physician: Absorption, Post Penicillin, Psychiatric Population-based Research, Individual Drugs, Rhesus Factor, Safety of Drugs. Interview. Professor Sir Roger Bannister Dr Gordon Baird (b. 1929), neurologist and athlete: (b. 1952), rural GP: Sports Medicine. Rural Medicine. Dr Barry Barber Professor David Baker (b. 1933), medical physicist: (b. 1962), neuroscientist: Medical Physics. Cannabis. Dr Basil Bard Dr Murray Baker (1914–2002), industrialist and MD of (b. 1926), medical administrator: NRDC: Africa. Monoclonal Antibodies, Post Penicillin. Dr Y S (Mick) Bakhle

(b. 1936), pharmacologist: Professor David Barker (1938–2013), clinical epidemiologist: 5-HT, Platelets, Individual Interview. Cholesterol.

3 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Ms Carol Barksfield Dr Ian Barrow (b. 1954), Managing Director of SAD (b. 1926), medical officer, Common Lightbox Company: Cold Unit: SAD. Common Cold Unit. Dr Philip Barnard Dr Ralph Batchelor (b. 1948), psychologist of technology (b. 1931), former Director of design: Beechams Pharmaceuticals: Applied Psychology. Post Penicillin. Ms Chris Barnes Professor Richard Batchelor (b. 1955), genetic counsellor: (1931–2015), transplantation Clinical Genetics. immunologist: Autoimmunity. Mrs Greta Barnes (b. 1940), specialist nurse: Professor Sir John Batten Asthma. (1924–2013), physician: Cystic Fibrosis. Mrs Rosie Barnes (b. 1946), politician, medical charity Dr John Beale administrator: (1923–2005), virologist: Cystic Fibrosis. Common Cold Unit. Professor David Barnett Dr George Beaumont (b. 1944), clinical pharmacologist: (b. 1932), pharmaceutical physician: Clinical Pharmacology 1. Psychiatric Drugs. Mrs Diane Barnett Ms Beverley Beech (b. 1940), charity information officer: (b. 1944), Honorary Chair of the Genetic Testing. Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services: Professor Hugh Baron Maternal Care. (1931–2014), gastroenterologist: Peptic Ulcer. Dr Linda Beeley (b. 1939), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Michael Barr Clinical Pharmacology 1. (b. 1969), bioethicist: Medical Ethics. Mr John Bell (b. 1934), industrial pharmaceutical Dr Wallace Barr development manager: (1919–2014), consultant obstetrician Asthma. and gynaecologist: Ultrasound. Professor Sir John Bell (b. 1952), medical genetics researcher: Dr Herbert Barrie Clinical Genetics. (b. 1927), consultant paediatrician: Neonatal Intensive Care.

4 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Catherine Belling Professor Julian Bion (b. 1965), medical humanities scholar: (b. 1952), intensive care specialist: Narrative Medicine. Intensive Care. Dr Barry Benster Mr Simon Birkett (b. 1937), obstetrician and (b. 1959), campaigner: gynaecologist: Air Pollution. Rhesus Factor. Miss Karen Birmingham Dame Valerie Beral (b. 1955), Secretary of Ethics and Law (b. 1946), epidemiologist: Committee: Cervical Cancer. ALSPAC. Professor Virginia Berridge Professor Timothy Bishop (b. 1946), medical historian: (b. 1953), cancer geneticist: Cannabis, Endogenous Opiates, NATSAL, Gene Mapping, Clinical Cancer Genetics. Public Health, Tobacco Control. Sir Douglas Black Dr Caroline Berry (1913–2002), physician, civil servant: (b. 1937), clinical geneticist: Clinical Research. Clinical Genetics. Professor Sir James Black Professor Sir Colin Berry (1924–2010), pharmacologist, Nobel (b. 1937), pathologist: Laureate (1988): Environmental Toxicology. Clinical Pharmacology 1, Peptic Ulcer. Dr Douglas Bettcher Professor Nick Black (b. 1956), public health specialist: (b. 1951), health services researcher: Tobacco Control. Public Health. Professor John Betteridge Dr Tom Blackburn (b. 1948), endocrinologist: (b. 1949), industrial pharmacologist: Cholesterol. 5-HT, Migraine, Individual Interview. Professor Sanjoy Bhattacharya Professor Roland Blackwell (b. 1968), medical historian: (b. 1943), medical physicist: Tobacco Control. Medical Physics, Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Ethel Bidwell (1919–2003), research scientist in Professor Christopher Blagg blood coagulation: (b. 1931), nephrologist and medical Haemophilia. director: Dialysis. Mr Brian Biles (1926–2016) electron microscopist: Miss Anthea Blake Individual Interview. (b. 1942), neonatal nurse: Neonatal Intensive Care.

5 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor David Blane Professor Gustav Born (b. 1945), physician and social scientist: (b. 1921), pharmacologist: Public Health. Cholesterol, Platelets. Dr Joseph N Blau Dr Malcolm Bottomley (1928–2010), neurologist: (b. 1933), GP: Medical Physics, Peptic Ulcer. Sports Medicine. Professor Martin Bobrow Dr Frank Boulton (b. 1938), geneticist: (b. 1941), haematologist: Clinical Genetics, Clinical Molecular Rhesus Factor. Genetics. Mrs Ruth Bowles Professor Sir Walter Bodmer (b. 1960), ALSPAC parent, research (b. 1936), geneticist: nurse and member of ALSPAC Law Clinical Cancer Genetics, Gene Mapping. and Ethics Committee: ALSPAC. Professor Sir Michael Bond (b. 1936), consultant psychiatrist: Professor Kenneth Boyd Pain. (b. 1939), medical ethicist: Medical Ethics. Dr Tim Boon (b. 1960), museum curator: Dr Richard Boyd Common Cold Unit. (b. 1945), physiologist: Cystic Fibrosis, Intestinal Absorption. Sir Christopher Booth (1924–2012), gastroenterologist, Professor Sir Robert Boyd research director and medical (b. 1938), paediatrician: historian: Neonatal Intensive Care. Africa, Asthma, Applied Psychology,

Autoimmunity, Cholesterol, Clinical Professor David Bradley (b. 1937), professor of tropical Research, Common Cold Unit, medicine: Corticosteroids, Cystic Fibrosis, Dialysis, Africa. Environmental Toxicology, General Practice, Genetic Testing, Haemophilia, Professor Ronald Bradley Heart Transplant, Hip Replacement, (b. 1929), intensive medicine Intestinal Absorption, Leukaemia, specialist: Maternal Care, Medical Ethics, Medical Intensive Care. Physics, Monoclonal Antibodies,

Neonatal Intensive Care, NMR and Miss Mary Brancker (1914–2010), President of the British MRI, Peptic Ulcer, Platelets, Population- Veterinary Association – 1967/8 foot based Research, Post Penicillin, and mouth disease outbreak: Psychiatric Drugs, Safety of Drugs, TB Foot and Mouth. Chemotherapy.

6 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Margaret Branthwaite Dr Ivan Brown (b. 1935), consultant anaesthetist: (1927–2014), psychologist: Intensive Care. Applied Psychology. Professor Carol Brayne Professor Morris Brown (b. 1957), professor of public health (b. 1951), pharmacologist: and epidemiologist: Clinical Pharmacology 1. Brain Banks. Mr Thomas Brown Sir Alasdair Breckenridge (b. 1933), engineer: (b. 1937), pharmacologist: Ultrasound. Clinical Pharmacology 2. Dr Doreen Browne Professor Leslie Brent (b. 1934), consultant anaesthetist: (b. 1925), immunologist: Intensive Care. Autoimmunity, Foot and Mouth. Professor Richard Bruckdorfer Dr Alistair Brewis (b. 1942), biochemist: (1937–2014), respiratory physician: Cholesterol. Asthma. Dr Linda Bryder Dr Alan Broadhurst (b. 1956), medical historian: (b. 1926), consultant psychiatrist: TB Chemotherapy. Psychiatric Drugs. Mrs Phyll Buchanan Dr Penelope Brock (b. 1957), founder member and (b. 1954), consultant paediatric trustee of the National Childcare oncologist: Trust. Breastfeeding Network: Platinum Salts. Breastfeeding. Dr Peter Brocklehurst Dr Robert Bud (b. 1962), obstetrician and (b. 1952), museum curator, medical gynaecologist/epidemiologist: historian: Corticosteroids. Monoclonal Antibodies, MRSA, Post Penicillin. Professor Jens Brockmeier (b. 1951), psychology and linguistics Professor Petar Bulat scholar: (b. 1961), occupational toxicologist: Narrative Medicine. Rural Medicine. Professor J Ramsey Bronk Dr Michael Bull (1929–2007), professor of (1926–2013), hospital practitioner in biochemistry: : Intestinal Absorption. Maternal Care.

7 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Arthur Buller Mr Timothy Byrne (b. 1923), chief scientist DHSS: (b. 1979), waste manager: Clinical Research. Waste. Professor John Bunker Dr Eric Bywaters (1920–2012), anaesthetist: (1910–2003), rheumatologist: Heart Transplant. Clinical Research. Dr Geoff Bunn Fr Brendan Callaghan (b. 1968), historian: (b. 1948), medical ethicist: Applied Psychology. Medical Ethics. Professor Terence Burlin Dr Sheila Callender (b. 1931), physicist: (1914–2004), haematologist: Medical Physics. Intestinal Absorption. Professor Sir John Burn Sir Kenneth Calman (b. 1952), clinical geneticist: (b. 1941), oncologist/Chief Medical Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical Officer: Genetics. Medical Ethics, Palliative Medicine, Platinum Salts. Dr Ian Burney (b. 1962), medical historian: Professor Hilary Calvert Sports Medicine. (b. 1947), medical oncologist: Platinum Salts. Mr J E (Bob) Burns (b. 1928), medical physicist: Professor Dugald Cameron Medical Physics. (b. 1939), industrial designer: Ultrasound, Individual Interview. Professor Geoffrey Burnstock (b. 1929), neuroscientist: Professor Stewart Cameron Individual Interview. (b. 1934), nephrologist: Dialysis. Dr Michael Burr (b. 1937), epidemiologist: Professor Alastair Campbell Population-based Research. (b. 1938), bioethicist: Medical Ethics. Professor Kate Bushby (b. 1962), neuromuscular geneticist: Dr Ian Campbell Muscular Dystrophy. (b. 1944), chest physician: TB Chemotherapy. Professor Graeme Bydder (b. 1944), radiologist: Professor Peter Campbell NMR and MRI. (1921–2005), biochemical immunologist: Autoimmunity.

8 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Stuart Campbell Dr Sandy Cavenagh (b. 1936), obstetrician and (1929–2014), GP obstetrician: gynaecologist: Maternal Care. Ultrasound. Mr Roger Celestin Professor Saveria Campo (b. 1925), surgeon: (b. 1947), viral oncologist: Peptic Ulcer. Cervical Cancer. Professor Sir Iain Chalmers Dr David Carnegie (b. 1943), Director – UK Cochrane (b. 1917), anaesthetist: Centre (1992–2002) / National Heart Transplant. Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (1978–1992): Professor Richard Carter Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical (b. 1934), histopathologist: Pharmacology 2, Corticosteroids, Environmental Toxicology. Maternal Care, Public Health, TB Dr Tim Carter Chemotherapy. (b. 1944), occupational health Professor Geoffrey Chamberlain specialist: (1930–2014), obstetrician and Public Health. gynaecologist: Professor Ann Cartwright Maternal Care. (b. 1925), statistician and socio– Professor Jocelyn Chamberlain medical researcher: (b. 1932), epidemiologist: General Practice. Cervical Cancer. Professor Mark Casewell Professor Donald Chambers (1940–2011), medical microbiologist: (b. 1937), biochemist: MRSA. Platelets. Dr Angela Cassidy Mr Geof Chambers (b. 1975), historian of science: (b. 1955), mechanical engineer: Bovine TB. NIMR. Professor Daniel Catovsky Dr Donna Chaproniere (b. 1937), consultant haematologist: (b. 1929), virologist: Leukaemia. Common Cold Unit. Dr William Cattell Lady Jill Charnley (b. 1928), nephrologist: (d. 2016), Widow of Sir John Charnley Dialysis. (1911–1982), orthopaedic surgeon, Professor Mark Caulfield pioneer of hip replacement surgery: (b. 1960), pharmacologist: Hip Replacement. Clinical Pharmacology 1.

9 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr Tristram Charnley Mr Michael Clark (b. 1959), Son of Sir John Charnley (b. 1943), wildlife field worker and (1911–1982), orthopaedic surgeon, artist: pioneer of hip replacement surgery: Bovine TB. Hip Replacement. Professor Tim Clark Professor Rita Charon (b. 1935), professor of pulmonary (b. 1949), practitioner of general medicine: and narrative Asthma. medicine: Dr Aileen Clarke Narrative Medicine. (b. 1955), public health specialist: Professor Bruce Chater Public Health. (b. 1956), rural physician: Professor Angus Clarke Rural Medicine. (b. 1954), clinical geneticist: Dr Bilwanath Chattopadhyay Clinical Genetics, Ethics of Genetics. (b. 1939), medical microbiologist: Professor David Clarke MRSA. (b. 1936), pharmacologist: Dr Ian Lister Cheese 5-HT. (b. 1936), senior civil servant in the Professor John Clifton (UK) Department of Health: (b. 1930), medical physicist: ALSPAC, Clinical Genetics, Clinical Medical Physics. Molecular Genetics. Professor Professor Yuti Chernajovsky (b. 1934), paediatrician: (b. 1954), cancer biologist: Breastfeeding. TNF. Ms Marjory Cockburn Dr Daphne Christie, medical (b. 1927), hospice nurse: historian: Palliative Medicine. Breastfeeding, Medical Ethics. Dr Chris Coggins Dr Kenneth Citron (b. 1947–2017), waste management (b. 1925), respiratory physician, academic: Chairman of British Thoracic Society’s Waste, Individual Interview. Tuberculosis Clinical Trials Committee: TB Chemotherapy. Dr Nelson Coghill (1912–2002), gastroenterologist: Professor David Clark Peptic Ulcer. (b. 1953), medical sociologist: Pain, Palliative Medicine. Professor Jon Cohen physician and infectious diseases Dr John Clark, medical historian: expert: Environmental Toxicology. TNF

10 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Martin Cole Professor (b. 1933), microbiologist: (1921–2006), immunologist: Post Penicillin. Autoimmunity, Rhesus Factor. Professor Dulcie Coleman Mr Jeff Cooper (b. 1932), consultant cytopathologist: (b. 1949), consultant in environmental Cervical Cancer. management: Waste, Individual Interview. Professor Joe Collier (b. 1942), clinical pharmacologist, Dr Peter Corcoran President of the International Society (b. 1939), physicist: of Drug Bulletins: Environmental Toxicology. Clinical Pharmacology 2. Dr Beryl Corner Professor Leslie Collier (1910–2007), paediatrician: (1921–2011), virologist: Neonatal Intensive Care, Rhesus Factor. Clinical Research. Professor Ian Couper Mr Eric Collins (b. 1961), professor of : (b. 1936), pharmaceutical sales Rural Medicine. engineer:

Dialysis. Dr Angela Coutts pharmacologist: Mr Neil Collishaw Endogenous Opiates. (b. 1946), lead tobacco control expert for WHO’s ‘Tobacco or Health’ Professor Phillip Cowen (b. 1951), psychopharmacologist: programme: 5-HT, SAD. Tobacco Control. Professor Helen Cox Dr Brian Colvin (b. 1957), pharmacologist: (b. 1946), consultant haematologist: 5-HT. Haemophilia. Dr Jim Cox Dr Brian Commins (1931–2001), director of research and (b. 1930), research chemist: development in the pharmaceutical Air Pollution. industry: Dr Gordon Cook Asthma. (b. 1932), tropical disease physician: Africa, Clinical Research. Dr Jim Cox (b. 1950), rural GP: Professor Richard Cooke Rural Medicine. (b. 1947), professor of neonatal medicine: Mr Michael Cox (b. 1929), volunteer at the MRC Neonatal Intensive Care. Common Cold Unit: Common Cold Unit.

11 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Tony Coxon Dr June Crown (1938–2012), Co–director of the (b. 1938), public health specialist: Institute for Behavioural Research on Public Health. AIDS (Wales): Professor Derek Crowther NATSAL. (b. 1937), oncologist: Professor Ian Craig Leukaemia. (b. 1943), molecular geneticist: Professor Heather Cubie Gene Mapping. (b. 1946), bacteriologist: Mr Harry Craven Cervical Cancer. (1928–2007), industrial engineer: Mr Rob Cunningham Hip Replacement. (b. 1964), lawyer and policy adviser: Dr Lionel Crawford Tobacco Control. (b. 1932), molecular virologist: Professor Gerald Curzon Cervical Cancer. (b. 1928), neurochemist: Dr Gerard Crean 5-HT, Psychiatric Drugs. (1927–2005), consultant physician: Professor Alan Cuthbert Peptic Ulcer. (1932–2016), pharmacologist: Professor Arthur Crisp Cystic Fibrosis. (1930–2006), psychiatrist: Professor Jack Cuzick Psychiatric Drugs. (b. 1948), epidemiologist: Professor Sir John Crofton Cervical Cancer. (1912–2009), professor of respiratory Dr Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva diseases and tuberculosis: (b. 1952), public health specialist: Post Penicillin, TB Chemotherapy. Tobacco Control.

Dr Donald Crombie Dr Ann Dally (1922–2000), GP: (1926–2007), psychiatrist, medical General Practice. historian: Professor Ilana Crome Maternal Care. (b. 1951), psychiatrist: Dr Stephanie Dancer SAD. (b. 1959), medical microbiologist: Mrs Mary Cronk MRSA. (b. 1932), midwife: Dr Booth Danesh Maternal Care. (b. 1942), consultant gastroenterologist: Dr Patricia Crowley Peptic Ulcer. (b. 1951), consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist: Corticosteroids.

12 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Janet Darbyshire Professor John Davis (b. 1947), epidemiologist: (b. 1923), paediatrician: TB Chemotherapy. Neonatal Intensive Care. Ms Clare Darrah Dr Clare Davison (b. 1958), clinical research manager: (b. 1934), clinical geneticist: Hip Replacement. Clinical Genetics. Professor Naomi Datta Professor Tony Dayan (1922–2008), microbial geneticist: (b. 1935), toxicologist: Post Penicillin. Environmental Toxicology. Professor George Davey Smith Mrs Rosemary de Rossi (b. 1959), clinical epidemiologist: (b. 1931), head lab technician in ALSPAC, Cholesterol, Population-based : Research. NIMR. Dr Hamish Davidson Dr Mahes de Silva (b. 1926), consultant physician: (b. 1943), immunohaematologist: Africa. Rhesus Factor. Professor David Davies Mr Graham Deane (1923–2002), clinical pharmacologist: (b. 1939), orthopaedic surgeon: Safety of Drugs. Hip Replacement. Professor Donald Davies Professor Joy Delhanty (b. 1940), biochemical pharmacologist: (b. 1937), clinical cytogeneticist: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Clinical Genetics, Genetic Testing. Pharmacology 2. Professor Sergio Della Sala Mr Gareth Davies (b. 1955), neuropsychologist/ (b. 1935), veterinary epidemiologist: neurologist: Bovine TB, Foot and Mouth. Applied Psychology. Professor John Elfed Davies Professor David Delpy (b. 1941), consultant physician: (b. 1948), medical physicist: Sports Medicine. Neonatal Intensive Care, NMR and MRI. Dr Pamela Davies Dr Philip Dendy (1924–2009), consultant paediatrician: (b. 1938), radiobiologist: Neonatal Intensive Care. Medical Physics. Dr Peter Davies Mr Barry Dennis (b. 1949), chest physician: (b. 1946), waste management director: TB Chemotherapy. Waste, Individual Interview.

13 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Nick Dennis Dr Bernard Dixon (b. 1944), clinical geneticist: (b. 1938), science journalist: Clinical Genetics, Ethics of Genetics. MRSA. Dr Christopher Derrett Professor Thomas Dixon (b. 1947), retired GP: (b. 1973), historian: Air Pollution, Individual Interview. SAD. Professor Richard Derwent Professor Mary Dobson (b. 1947), physical chemist: (b. 1954), medical historian: Air Pollution. Africa. Dr Hewan Dewar Professor Graham Dockray (1913–2012), cardiologist: (b. 1946), gastric physiologist: Platelets. Peptic Ulcer. Dr Vincenzo Di Marzo Mrs Mary Dodd (b. 1960), pharmacologist: (b. 1944), consultant physiotherapist: Cannabis. Cystic Fibrosis. Professor Donna Dickenson Ms Rosie Dodds (b. 1946), medical ethicist: nutritionist: Medical Ethics. Breastfeeding. Professor John Dickinson Professor John Dodge (1927–2015), pharmacologist, (b. 1933), paediatrician: physician: Cystic Fibrosis. Clinical Research, Platelets. Dr Helen Dodsworth Professor George Dickson (b. 1938), consultant physician and (b. 1953), molecular cell biologist: haematologist: Muscular Dystrophy. Haemophilia. Dr Angela Dike Professor Sir Richard Doll (b. 1936), haematologist and (1912–2005), statistician and pathologist: epidemiologist: Haemophilia. Peptic Ulcer, Platelets, Population-based Research. Mr Ross Dike (b. 1932), laboratory research worker: Mrs Alix Donald Haemophilia. (1918–2008), widow of Professor Ian Donald (1910–1987), obstetrician: Professor Nigel Dimmock Ultrasound. (b. 1940), virologist: Common Cold Unit. Professor Deborah Doniach (1912–2004), clinical immunologist: Autoimmunity.

14 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Israel Doniach Dr Christopher Draper (1911–2001), immunologist and (1921–2006), consultant in tropical pathologist: hygiene: Autoimmunity. Africa. Professor Dian Donnai Professor James Drife (b. 1945), medical geneticist: (b. 1947), obstetrician and Clinical Genetics. gynaecologist: Maternal Care. Dr Jean Donnison (1925–2017), social policy Professor Sir Michael Drury administrator: (1926–2014), GP: Maternal Care. General Practice. Professor Tony Dornhorst Dr Lilly Dubowitz (1915–2003), professor of medicine: (1930–2016), paediatrician: Clinical Research. Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr James Douglas Professor (b. 1951), rural GP: (b. 1931), paediatrician: Rural Medicine. Neonatal Intensive Care, Muscular Dystrophy, Individual Interview. Professor Stuart Douglas (1921–1998), physician: Dr Georgia Duckworth Haemophilia. (b. 1954), veterinary microbiologist: MRSA. Dr Colin Dourish (b. 1955), psychopharmacologist: Professor Brian Duerden 5-HT. (b. 1948), microbiologist: MRSA. Professor Hermon Dowling (b. 1934), gastroenterologist: Dr Tony Duggan Intestinal Absorption. (1920–2004), expert: Dr Peter Down Africa. (b. 1939), gastroenterologist: Peptic Ulcer. Mr David C Duncan (b. 1926), psychologist: Professor Duncan Dowson Applied Psychology. (b. 1928), mechanical engineer: Hip Replacement. Dr Ian Duncan (b. 1943), gynaecological oncologist: Dr Peter Doyle Cervical Cancer. (1921–2004), industrial pharmaceutical chemist: Dr Sheila Duncan Post Penicillin. (b. 1931), obstetrician/gynaecologist: Maternal Care, Rhesus Factor.

15 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mrs Fran Duncan-Skingle Ms Jennifer Eastwood (b. 1939), cystic fibrosis clinical nurse (b. 1952), founder of SADA: specialist: SAD. Cystic Fibrosis. Dr Friedericke Eben Professor Peter Dunn (b. 1956), obstetrician: (b. 1929), paediatrician: Maternal Care. Maternal Care, Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Demetrios Economides Dame Karen Dunnell (b. 1956), obstetrician: (b. 1946), statistician: Ultrasound. NATSAL. Professor Griffith Edwards Mr Mike Durham (1928–2012), drugs adviser: (b. 1952), journalist: Cannabis. NATSAL. Professor John Edwards Professor Paul Durrington (1928–2007), geneticist: (b. 1947), researcher in lipoprotein Genetic Testing. metabolism: Mrs Sheila Edwards Cholesterol. (b. 1947), daughter of J N ‘Ginger’ Professor Robert Duthie Wilson, orthopaedic surgeon: (1925–2005), orthopaedic surgeon: Hip Replacement. Haemophilia. Dr Andrew Elder Miss Caroline Dux (b. 1945), GP, trainer, and educator: (b. 1955), neonatal nurse: Narrative Medicine. Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Rob Elles Mrs Jill Dye (b. 1951), molecular geneticist: (b. 1949), lactation consultant: Clinical Molecular Genetics. Breastfeeding. Miss Freda Ellis Professor Fiona Dykes (b. 1931), ward sister: (b. 1960), nutrition researcher: Dialysis. Breastfeeding. Dr Niki Ellis Mrs Ann Eady sociologist: (b. 1944), dialysis nurse: Pain. Dialysis. Dr Giles Elrington Professor Robin Eady (b. 1956), consultant neurologist: (b. 1940), dermatologist and dialysis Migraine. patient: Dialysis.

16 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr Reg Elson Professor Gareth Evans (b. 1930), orthopaedic surgeon: (b. 1959), medical geneticist: Hip Replacement. Clinical Cancer Genetics. Professor Peter Elwood Mrs Jane Evans (b. 1930), Director of the MRC (b. 1953), midwife: Epidemiological Research Unit in Maternal Care. South Wales: Professor Douglas Eveleigh Platelets, Population-based Research, (b. 1933), microbiologist: Individual Interview. Post Penicillin.

Professor Alan Emery Professor Denys Fairweather (b. 1928), medical geneticist: (b. 1927), obstetrician and Clinical Genetics. gynaecologist: Mr Steve Eminton Neonatal Intensive Care. environmental journalist: Professor Peter Farmer Waste. (b. 1947), toxicologist: Professor Michael Emmerson Environmental Toxicology. (1937–2008), medical microbiologist: Dr Philip Farrell MRSA. (b. 1943), paediatric pathologist, Professor epidemiologist: (b. 1953), paediatrician: Cystic Fibrosis. ALSPAC. Professor Bobbie Farsides Ms Hilary English medical ethicist: breastfeeding counsellor: Ethics of Genetics. Breastfeeding. Dr Alex Faulkner Sir Terence English (b. 1952), sociologist of medical (b. 1932), transplant surgeon: technology: Heart Transplant. Hip Replacement. Mr Bob Erens Dr Joan Faulkner (b. 1953), director of social science (1914–2001), Senior Principal Medical research programmes: Officer, MRC: NATSAL. Population-based Research. Professor Margaret Esiri Professor Christina Faull (b. 1941), neuropathologist: (b. 1961), palliative care consultant: Brain Banks. Pain, Palliative Medicine. Dr David Evans Professor Sir Marc Feldmann (b. 1930), paediatrician: (b. 1944), immunologist: Haemophilia. TNF.

17 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr John Ferguson Professor Alan Fleming (b. 1927), waste management (b. 1931), tropical haematologist: engineer: Africa. Waste, Individual Interview. Mr John Fleming Professor Malcolm Ferguson-Smith (b. 1934), medical electronics engineer: (b. 1931), molecular geneticist: Ultrasound. Clinical Molecular Genetics, Gene Dr Peter Fletcher Mapping, Genetic Testing, Individual (b. 1930), chemical pathologist: Interview. Clinical Pharmacology 2.

Professor Robin Ferner Dr Tom Flewett (b. 1949), pharmacologist: (1922–2006), virologist: Clinical Pharmacology 1. Common Cold Unit.

Dr Freda Festenstein Mrs Caroline Flint (b. 1927), chest physician: (b. 1941), midwife and former TB Chemotherapy. President of the Royal College of Mrs Julia Field Midwives: (b. 1935), principal investigator on Maternal Care. NATSAL: Professor Rod Flower NATSAL. (b. 1945), pharmacologist: Baroness Ilora Finlay 5-HT, Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical (b. 1949), palliative care specialist: Pharmacology 2, Platelets, Individual Palliative Medicine. Interview. Professor Ronald Finn Professor Sir Brian Follett (1930–2004), haematologist: (b. 1939), endocrinologist and Rhesus Factor. chronobiologist: SAD. Professor David Finney (b. 1917), statistician: Dr Gillian Ford Safety of Drugs. (b. 1934), deputy chief medical officer and medical director: Dr Norman Finter Palliative Medicine. (1924–2012), virologist: Common Cold Unit. Sir Patrick Forrest (b. 1923), surgeon: Ms Chloe Fisher Peptic Ulcer. (b. 1932), midwife: Breastfeeding, Maternal Care. Dr Arthur Fowle (b. 1929), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Robert Flanagan Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical (b. 1948), toxicologist: Pharmacology 2. Environmental Toxicology.

18 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Jack Fowler Professor Paul Freeling (b. 1925–2016), medical physicist: (1928–2002), GP: Medical Physics. General Practice. Professor Renée Fox Professor Michael Freeman (b. 1928), social scientist: (b. 1931), orthopaedic surgeon: Heart Transplant. Hip Replacement. Mrs Gaye Fox Professor Gary French widow of Wallace Fox, TB Physician: (b. 1945), microbiologist: TB Chemotherapy. MRSA. Dr Katherine Foxhall Dr Jeff French (b. 1981), medical historian: (b. 1955), marketing and Migraine. communications director: Public Health. Professor Richard Frackowiak (b. 1950), neuroscientist: Dr Kathy French Individual Interview. (b. 1948), sexual health adviser: NATSAL. Professor Paul Francis (b. 1958), neurochemist and Director Professor Uta Frith of Brains for Dementia Research: (b. 1941), psychologist: Brain Banks. Individual Interview. Professor Arthur Frank Dr Alan Fryer (b. 1946), medical sociologist: (b. 1954), paediatrician and clinical Narrative Medicine. geneticist: Ethics of Genetics. Dr Bill Frankland (b. 1912), consultant allergist: Mrs Iris Fudge Asthma. (b. 1927), nurse: Medical Ethics. Professor Ian Franklin (b. 1949), haematologist: Professor Bill Fulford Rhesus Factor. (b. 1942), philosopher and psychiatrist: Medical Ethics. Professor George Fraser (b. 1932), geneticist: Professor John Gabbay Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical (b. 1949), public health specialist: Genetics. Corticosteroids. Mrs Margaret Fraser Roberts Professor David Gadian (b. 1927), epidemiologist: (b. 1950), biophysicist: Clinical Genetics. NMR and MRI.

19 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mrs Jean Gaffin Dr Tony Garland (b. 1936), Chief Executive of National (b. 1938), veterinary vaccinologist: Council for Hospice and Palliative Foot and Mouth. Care Services: Mrs Diana Garratt Palliative Medicine. (b. 1960), childhood dialysis patient: Ms Janet Gahegan Dialysis. (b. 1939), Macmillan nurse: Mr Hans Gassert Palliative Medicine. (b. 1944), businessman and founder of Dr Michael Gait Diagnostic Sonar Limited: molecular biologist: Ultrasound. Muscular Dystrophy. Professor Duncan Geddes Dr Paresh Gajjar (b. 1942), respiratory physician: (b. 1945), palliative care specialist: Cystic Fibrosis. Palliative Medicine. Professor Stanley Gelbier Professor Charles Galasko (b. 1935), dentist, historian of : (b. 1939), consultant orthopaedic Medical Ethics, Public Health. surgeon: Professor Michael Gelder Sports Medicine. (b. 1929), psychiatrist: Professor John Galloway Psychiatric Drugs. (b. 1942), medical administrator: Professor Curtis Gemmell Cannabis, Dialysis, Monoclonal (b. 1941), bacteriologist: Antibodies, NMR and MRI. MRSA. Professor David Galton Professor Sir Charles George (1922–2006), physician, Secretary (b. 1941), pharmacologist: of the MRC Working Party on Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Leukaemia: Pharmacology 2. Leukaemia. Professor Rob George Professor David Galton (b. 1953), palliative care specialist: (b. 1937), clinical biochemist: Palliative Medicine. Cholesterol, Genetic Testing. Sir Roger Gibbs Professor Harold Gamsu (b. 1934), Chairman of the Wellcome (1931–2004), neonatologist: Trust’s Board of Governors Corticosteroids, Neonatal Intensive Care. (1989–1999): Professor Michael Gardner NATSAL. (b. 1946), professor of physiological biochemistry: Intestinal Absorption.

20 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Tony Gilbertson Professor Alan Glynn (b. 1932), consultant anaesthetist/ (1923–2014), bacteriologist: Director of intensive therapy units: Clinical Research, Foot and Mouth, Intensive Care. MRSA, Post Penicillin, Public Health, TB Chemotherapy. Dr Edward Gill (b. 1931), pharmacologist: Professor Simon Godfrey Cannabis. (b. 1939), paediatric respiratory physician: Professor Herbert Gilles Asthma. (1921–2015), tropical medicine expert: Professor Jean Golding Africa. (b. 1939), Director of ALSPAC: ALSPAC. Dr Michael Gillies (1920–1999), medical entomologist: Professor John Goldman Africa. (1938–2013), leukaemia specialist: Leukaemia. Professor Raanan Gillon (b. 1941), medical ethicist: Dr John Goldsmith Medical Ethics. (b. 1924), nephrologist: Dialysis. Professor Sir Ian Gilmore (b. 1947), physician: Professor Alison Goodall Intensive Care. (b. 1949), biochemical pathologist: Platelets. Dr Alan Gilston (1928–2005), consultant anaesthetist: Dr Mary Goodchild Heart Transplant. (b. 1937), cystic fibrosis specialist: Cystic Fibrosis. Dr David Girling (b. 1937), chest physician: Professor Peter Goodfellow TB Chemotherapy. (b. 1951), geneticist: Gene Mapping. Dr Dino Giussani (b. 1967), foetal medicine researcher: Dr Len Goodwin Corticosteroids. (1915–2008), researcher in the chemotherapy of tropical diseases: Dr Toni Gladding Africa. waste management academic: Waste. Ms Shirley Goodwin (b. 1947), public health specialist: Professor Anna Glasier Public Health. (b. 1950), professor of sexual health: Breastfeeding. Professor Stewart Goodwin (b. 1932), medical microbiologist: Peptic Ulcer.

21 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor David Gordon Dr Winifred Gray (b. 1947), physician, Clinical (b. 1937), cytopathologist: Programme Director, Wellcome Trust: Cervical Cancer. ALSPAC, Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Professor Jane Green Research, NATSAL. (b. 1943), medical geneticist: Dr Ian Gould Clinical Cancer Genetics. (b. 1953), clinical microbiologist: Professor Irene Green MRSA. cellular biochemist: Dr Roy Goulding Endogenous Opiates. (1916–2003), clinical toxicologist: Professor Richard Green Safety of Drugs. (b. 1944), neuropharmacologist: Professor John Govan 5-HT, Individual Interview. (b. 1942), microbiologist: Professor Trisha Greenhalgh Cystic Fibrosis. (b. 1959), primary care specialist: Sir James Gowans Narrative Medicine. (b. 1924), Secretary of the MRC: Professor David Greenwood Monoclonal Antibodies. (1935–2015), microbiologist: Professor David Grahame-Smith MRSA, Post Penicillin. (1933–2011), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Roger Greenwood Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical (b. 1947), nephrologist: Pharmacology 2, Platinum Salts. Dialysis. Professor Richard Gralla Dr Ian Gregg (b. 1948), medical oncologist: (1925–2009), general practitioner: Platinum Salts. Asthma. Professor John Grange Professor Richard Gregory (b. 1943), clinical microbiologist: (1923–2010), experimental TB Chemotherapy. psychologist: Dr David Grant Applied Psychology, Individual Interview. (b. 1949), biochemist: Professor John Griffin Leukaemia. (b. 1938), medical assessor to the Professor Wyn Grant Committee on Safety of Medicines: (b. 1947), professor of politics: Clinical Pharmacology 2. Bovine TB. Professor John Griffiths Sir John Gray (b. 1945), medical biochemist: (1918–2011), physiologist, Secretary NMR and MRI. of MRC: Clinical Research, Monoclonal Antibodies.

22 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Rod Griffiths Mr Sherwin Hall (b. 1945), public health specialist: (1928–2014), veterinary surgeon: Public Health. Foot and Mouth. Professor Jonathan Grigg Mr Stephen Hall (b. 1957), respiratory paediatrician: pharmacist, Ministry of Health: Air Pollution. Safety of Drugs. Professor John Groeger Dr Nina Hallowell (b. 1959), psychologist: (b. 1957), medical sociologist and Applied Psychology. ethicist: Ethics of Genetics. Professor Jan Gronow (b. 1945), waste management Dr David Hamilton academic: (b. 1939), transplant surgeon and Waste, Individual Interview. medical historian: Dialysis. Dr Geoffrey Guy (b. 1954), industrial pharmacologist: Professor John Hamilton Cannabis. (b. 1937), gastroenterologist and medical educator: Dr Jean Guy Rural Medicine. (1941–2012), radiologist: Medical Physics, Peptic Ulcer. Dr Patricia Hamilton (b. 1951), neonatologist: Professor Abe Guz Neonatal Intensive Care. (1929–2014), physician: Clinical Research. Professor Jeremy Hamilton-Miller (b. 1938), microbiologist: Dr Djordje Gveric MRSA. (b. 1965), Director of the MS and Parkinson’s Tissue Bank: Mrs Phyllis Hampson Brain Banks. (b. 1927), orthopaedic equipment sales manager: Mrs Gill Gyte Hip Replacement. (b. 1948), antenatal teacher: Corticosteroids. Professor John Hampton (b. 1937), cardiovascular physician: Mr John Haggith Platelets. (b. 1930), medical physicist: Medical Physics. Professor Alan Handyside (b. 1951), developmental biologist, Dr Angus Hall reproductive specialist: (b. 1939), electronics engineer: Genetic Testing. Ultrasound.

23 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Geoffrey Hanks Professor (Sir) Peter Harper (1946–2013), palliative care specialist: (b. 1939), medical geneticist, policy Palliative Medicine. adviser, and historian of genetics: Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical Professor David Hannay Genetics, Clinical Molecular Genetics, (b. 1939), GP: Ethics of Genetics, Gene Mapping, General Practice. Genetic Testing, Rhesus Factor, Individual Dr Stephen Hanney Interview. (b. 1951), political scientist: Professor Kenneth Harrap Corticosteroids. (b. 1931), oncological biochemist: Ms Helen Hanson Platinum Salts. (b. 1950), Chair of SADA: Dr Hilary Harris SAD. (b. 1943), GP: Professor Lars Hanson Clinical Genetics. (b. 1934), paediatrician: Professor Rodney Harris Breastfeeding. (b. 1932), medical geneticist: Dr Peter Hanson Clinical Genetics, Genetic Testing. (b. 1949), biochemist: Professor Michael Harrison Intestinal Absorption. (b. 1936), neurologist: Professor Jane Harding Platelets. (b. 1955), neonatologist: Professor Roy Harrison Corticosteroids. (b. 1948), environmental chemist: Dr Kevin Hardinge Air Pollution. (b. 1939), orthopaedic surgeon: Dr Philip Harrison-Read Hip Replacement. (b. 1947), consultant psychiatrist: Dr Robin Harland Psychiatric Drugs. (1926–2012), former GP, lecturer in Dr Julian Tudor Hart sports medicine and medical historian: (b. 1927), epidemiologist, GP: Sports Medicine. General Practice, Population-based Professor David Harnden Research, Individual Interview. (b. 1932), cancer geneticist: Dr Philip D’Arcy Hart Clinical Cancer Genetics. (1900–2006), physician, Director of Ms Christina Harocopos the MRC Tuberculosis Research Unit: (b. 1939), clinical nurse: Population-based Research. Clinical Cancer Genetics.

24 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Sir Graham Hart Mr Nick Henderson (b. 1940), civil servant at the (b. 1926), veterinary surgeon: Department of Health: Population-based Research. NATSAL. Professor Ralph Hendrickse Professor David Harvey (1926–2010), tropical paediatrician: (1936–2010), professor of paediatrics: Africa. Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Leo Hepner Dr John Haybittle (1930–2015), management consultant (b. 1922), physicist: in biotechnology: Medical Physics. Post Penicillin. Professor Frank Hayhoe Professor Stan Heptinstall (1920–2009), haematologist: (b. 1946), biochemist: Leukaemia. Platelets. Mr Graham Haynes Dr Amanda Herbert (b. 1950), intensive care nurse and (b. 1943), cytopathologist: lecturer: Cervical Cancer. Intensive Care. Councillor Lewis Herbert Professor Richard Hays (b. 1955), waste management historian (b. 1953), rural GP and medical and local councillor: educator: Waste. Rural Medicine. Dr Andrew Herxheimer Dr John Hayward (1925–2016), pharmacologist, first (b. 1946), public health specialist: Chairman of the International Society Corticosteroids. of Drug Bulletins: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Professor David Healy Pharmacology 2. (b. 1954), psychiatrist: Psychiatric Drugs. Dr Edmund Hey (1934–2009), paediatrician: Dr Vanessa Heggie Breastfeeding, Corticosteroids, Maternal (b. 1978), medical/science historian: Care. Sports Medicine. Mr Mike Heywood-Waddington Dr Michael Hellier (b. 1929), orthopaedic surgeon: (b. 1941), gastroenterologist: Hip Replacement. Intestinal Absorption. Mrs Eleanor Hickie Dr Elisabet Helsing (b. 1939), nurse and Asthmatic: (b. 1940), nutritional physiologist: Asthma. Breastfeeding.

25 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Peter Higgins Dr Kay Hocking (b. 1926), virologist: (b. 1913), entomologist: Common Cold Unit. Africa. Mr Russell Higgins Dr Clare Hodges (b. 1954), electronic engineer: (1957–2011), pseudonym of Mrs NIMR. Elizabeth (Liz) Brice, founding member of the Alliance for Cannabis Professor Roger Higgs Therapeutics: (b. 1943), former President of the Cannabis. London Medical Group: Medical Ethics. Dr Keith Hodgkin (1918–1999), GP: Mr Gordon Higson General Practice. (1932–2001), former Director of the Scientific and Technical Branch of the Professor Shirley Hodgson Department of Health and Social (b. 1945), consultant geneticist: Security: Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical NMR and MRI. Genetics, Ethics of Genetics, Muscular Dystrophy, Individual Interview. Mr Barry Hill (b. 1948), educationist: Dr Nicholas Hoenich Sports Medicine. (b. 1946), medical technologist: Dialysis. Professor Ray Hill (b. 1945), pharmacologist: Dr James Hoeschele Clinical Pharmacology 2. (b. 1937), pharmaceutical chemist: Platinum Salts. Dr Richard Hillier (b. 1940), palliative care specialist: Professor Victor Hoffbrand Palliative Medicine. (b. 1935), haematologist: Leukaemia. Dr Elizabeth Hills (b. 1935), consultant physician: Sir TB Chemotherapy. (1923–2007), physician: Clinical Research. Professor Richard Himsworth (b. 1937), physician: Dr Eric Hoffman Clinical Research. (b. 1958), geneticist: Muscular Dystrophy. Professor Graham Hitch (b. 1946), psychologist: Dr David Hogg Applied Psychology. (b. 1981), rural GP: Rural Medicine. Professor Michael Hobsley (b. 1929), surgeon: Peptic Ulcer, Sports Medicine.

26 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Anita Holdcroft Dr Sheila Howarth (Lady (b. 1947), anaesthetist, pain researcher: McMichael) Cannabis. (1920–2000), Principal Medical Officer – Medical Research Council: Mrs Cathy Holding Africa, Clinical Research, Common Cold (b. 1957), laboratory research assistant: Unit, Haemophilia, Population-based Genetic Testing. Research.

Dr Derek Holdsworth Professor Jack Howell (b. 1933), physiologist: (1926–2015), consultant physician: Intestinal Absorption. Asthma.

Professor Stephen Holgate Professor Peter Howie (b. 1947), immunopharmacologist: (b. 1939), obstetrician and Asthma. gynaecologist: Professor Walter Holland Breastfeeding. (b. 1929), epidemiologist: Ross Howie Public Health. (b. 1933), neonatal paediatrician: Dr Arthur Hollman Corticosteroids. (1923–2014), cardiologist, historian of Dr Andrew Hoy medicine: (b. 1949), clinical oncologist, consultant Cholesterol, Heart Transplant, Platelets. in palliative medicine: Mr Roger Hooper Palliative Medicine. (b. 1944), lab technician: Professor Daniel Hoyer NIMR. (b. 1954), pharmacologist: Professor John Hopewell 5-HT. (1920–2015), urological surgeon: Professor Geoffrey Hudson Dialysis. (b. 1962) medical historian: Dr Tom Hopwood Rural Medicine. (b. 1919), tropical medicine expert: Professor Anne Hudson Jones Africa. (b. 1944), medical humanities scholar: Dr John Horder Narrative Medicine. (1919–2012), GP, President of the Dr Philip Hugh-Jones RCGP: (1917–2010), respiratory physician: General Practice. Population-based Research, Individual Sir Godfrey Hounsfield Interview. (1919–2004), engineer, Nobel Laureate: NMR and MRI.

27 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mrs Janie Hughes Dr Peter Hunter (b. 1944), interviewer and fieldworker: (b. 1938), consultant physician, Population-based Research, Individual endocrinologist: Interview. Applied Psychology, Cystic Fibrosis, Environmental Toxicology, Leukaemia, Dr Jeff Hughes Maternal Care, Pain, Peptic Ulcer, historian of science: Platelets, Rhesus Factor. Medical Physics. Professor Brian Hurwitz Professor John Hughes, (b. 1951), medical humanities scholar: pharmacologist: Migraine, Narrative Medicine. Endogenous Opiates. Dr O A N (Nasseem) Husain Dr Nevin Hughes-Jones (1924–2014), cytopathologist: (b. 1923), haematologist: Cervical Cancer. Rhesus Factor. Ms Victoria Hutchins Professor Sir David Hull (b. 1977), multiple sclerosis patient: (b. 1932), consultant paediatrician: Cannabis. Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Michael Hutson Professor Maj Hultén, molecular (b. 1942), sports medicine specialist: geneticist: Sports Medicine. Gene Mapping. Professor Michael Hutt Miss Tracy Humberstone (1922–2000), tropical pathologist: (b. 1964), cystic fibrosis patient and Africa. healthcare consultant: Cystic Fibrosis. Professor Peter Hutton (b. 1947), consultant anaesthetist: Professor Patrick Humphrey Intensive Care. (b. 1946), industrial pharmacologist: 5-HT, Migraine, Individual Interview. Mrs Yasmin Iles-Caven (b. 1962), Departmental manager for Professor Steve Humphries ALSPAC: (b. 1950), cardiovascular geneticist: ALSPAC. Cholesterol. Professor Victor Inem Dr Jackie Hunter (b. 1955), professor of : pharmacologist: Rural Medicine. 5-HT. Professor Ilsley Ingram Dr Kenneth Hunter (1919–2004), haematologist: (1939–2013), consultant physician: Haemophilia. Clinical Pharmacology 1.

28 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Bill Inman Mrs Rosemary Jenkins (1929–2005), medical civil servant: (b. 1942), administrator for Royal Safety of Drugs, Individual Interview. College of Midwives: Maternal Care. Professor James Ironside (b. 1954), neuropathologist: Professor David Jenkins Brain Banks. (b. 1946), pathologist: Cervical Cancer. Dr Craig Irvine (b. 1958), narrative medicine and Dr Tony Jenkins medical humanities scholar: (b. 1936), clinical immunologist: Narrative Medicine. TB Chemotherapy. Professor Ian Isherwood Dr Joanna Jenkinson (b. 1931), neuroradiologist: (b. 1977), MRC Programme Manger: NMR and MRI. Brain Banks. Professor Leslie Iversen Professor Alec Jenner (b. 1937), pharmacologist: (1927–2014), psychiatrist: Cannabis, Endogenous Opiates. Psychiatric Drugs. Sir David Jack Professor Bryan Jennett (1924–2011), industrial (1926–2008), neurosurgeon: pharmacologist: Medical Ethics. Asthma. Dr (William) Alan Jennings Dr Anthony Jackson (1923–2016), medical physicist: (1918–2005), consultant paediatrician: Medical Physics. Cystic Fibrosis. Dr David Jewell Professor Mark Jackson (b. 1950), GP obstetrician: medical historian: Maternal Care. Asthma. Dr Amina Jindani Professor Pat Jacobs (b. 1936), coordinator of clinical trials (b. 1934), cytogeneticist: in TB therapeutics: Clinical Molecular Genetics. TB Chemotherapy. Dr Bobbie Jacobson Professor Dame Anne Johnson (b. 1950), public health physician: (b. 1954), Principal Investigator on NATSAL. the 1990, 2000 and 2010 National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Professor Margot Jefferys Lifestyles: (1916–1999), medical sociologist: Cervical Cancer, NATSAL. General Practice.

29 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Jeremy Johnson Professor Trevor Jones (b. 1950), hospice medical director: (b. 1942), pharmacology research Pain. director: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Migraine. Mr Stanley Johnson (b. 1940), former MEP, Head of the Mr David Joranson European Commission’s Prevention of (b. 1941), physician: Pollution and Nuisances division: Pain. Environmental Toxicology. Dr Tony Jordan Dr Alan Johnston (b. 1931), entomologist: (1928–2012), clinical geneticist: Africa. Clinical Genetics. Dr Simon Joseph Dr Belinda Johnston (b. 1940), cardiologist: (b. 1957), gastrointestinal researcher: Heart Transplant. Peptic Ulcer. Professor Ian Judson Ms Emma Jones (b. 1951), medical oncologist: (b. 1974), medical historian: Platinum Salts. Bovine TB. Professor Desmond Julian Mr Ian Jones (b. 1926), cardiologist and (b. 1965), publisher: pharmacologist: Corticosteroids. Platelets. Ms Marion Jones Professor Joachim Kalden epidemiological field worker: (b. 1937), clinical immunologist: Population-based Research, Individual TNF. Interview. Dr Leon Kaufman Dr Peter Jones (b. 1927), anaesthetist: (b. 1937), consultant paediatrician, Pain. director of haemophilia centre: Professor Alberto Kaumann Haemophilia. (b. 1936), pharmacologist: Dr Richard Jones 5-HT. (b. 1943), chemical pathologist: Dr Clifford Kay ALSPAC. (b. 1927), GP: Professor Roger Jones General Practice. (b. 1948), GP, professor of general Dr Humphrey Kay practice: (1923–2009), haematologist: Peptic Ulcer. Leukaemia. Professor Terry Jones, physicist: Individual Interview.

30 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Angela Kearns Dr Felix Konotey-Ahulu (b. 1959), microbiologist: (b. 1930), consultant physician and MRSA. geneticist: Dialysis. Dr Lloyd Kemp (b. 1914), physicist: Professor Leopold Koss Medical Physics. (1920–2012), cytopathologist: Cervical Cancer. Professor Sir Ian Kennedy (b. 1941), lawyer and ethicist: Dr Oleg Kravtchenko Medical Ethics. (b. 1963), rural GP: Rural Medicine. Professor David Kerr (1927–2014), professor of renal Dr Ekke Kuenssberg medicine: (1913–2000), GP, President of the Dialysis. RCGP: Safety of Drugs. Mrs Ann Kershaw (b. 1949), genetic nurse counsellor: Professor Parveen Kumar Clinical Genetics. (b. 1942), gastroenterologist: Clinical Pharmacology 2. Mrs Lauren Kerzin–Storrar (b. 1955), genetic counsellor: Dr Suresh Kumar Clinical Genetics. (b. 1961), consultant in palliative medicine: Professor Stewart Kilpatrick Pain. (1925–2013), epidemiologist: Population-based Research, Individual Dr Belinda Kumpel Interview. (b. 1948), haematology research scientist: Mr Geoff King Rhesus Factor. (b. 1947), orthopaedic technician: Hip Replacement. Mr Krishna (Ravi) Kunzru (b. 1937), orthopaedic surgeon: Mr Raymond Kirk Hip Replacement. (b. 1923), consultant surgeon: Peptic Ulcer. Professor Sir (b. 1931), immunologist: Mr John Kirkup Autoimmunity, Clinical Research. (b. 1928), orthopaedic surgeon and surgical historian: Professor Harold Lambert Hip Replacement. (1926–2017), infectious diseases professor: Dr Georges Köhler Post Penicillin. (1946–1995), immunologist, Nobel Laureate: Monoclonal Antibodies.

31 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Donald Lane Professor Christine Lee (b. 1935), consultant chest physician: (b. 1943), consultant haematologist: Asthma. Haemophilia. Professor Michael Langman Professor Alan Lehmann (1935–2014), gastroenterologist: (b. 1946), molecular geneticist: Peptic Ulcer. Clinical Cancer Genetics. Professor Peter Lantos Professor John Lennard-Jones (b. 1939), neuropathologist: (b. 1927), consultant Brain Banks. gastroenterologist: Peptic Ulcer. Dr John Launer (b. 1949), GP and family therapist: Professor Maurice Lessof Narrative Medicine. (b. 1924), physician and clinical immunologist: Professor Desmond Laurence Autoimmunity, Heart Transplant. (b. 1922), pharmacologist: Clinical Pharmacology 1. Mr Alan Lettin (b. 1931), orthopaedic surgeon: Professor Michael Laurence Hip Replacement. (b. 1924), clinical geneticist: Clinical Genetics. Professor Roy Levin (b. 1935), physiologist: Dr John Law Intestinal Absorption. (b. 1935), medical physicist: Medical Physics. Dr Mark Levy (b. 1948), general practioner: Mr Laz Lazarou Asthma. (b. 1962), medical geneticist: Clinical Molecular Genetics. Dr Peter Lewis (b. 1944), industrial pharmacologist: Dr James Le Fanu Clinical Pharmacology 2. (b. 1950), GP, medical journalist: Psychiatric Drugs. Professor Alfred Lewy (b. 1945), psychiatrist: Professor Iain Ledingham SAD. (b. 1935), surgeon, intensive care consultant: Dr Owen Lidwell Intensive Care. (1914–2010), external scientific staff member for Medical Research Council Miss Betty Lee at Common Cold Unit: (b. 1925), orthopaedic nurse: Common Cold Unit. Hip Replacement. Professor Sidney Liebowitz, immunologist: Autoimmunity.

32 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Sir Graham Professor Donald Longmore (Mont) Liggins (b. 1928), consultant surgeon and (1926–2010), obstetrician and clinical physiologist: gynaecologist: Heart Transplant, NMR and MRI. Corticosteroids Mr Philip Lord Professor Richard Lilford (b. 1945), bioinformatician: (b. 1950), consultant obstetrician and Air Pollution, Individual Interview. gynaecologist/epidemiologist:

Corticosteroids. Professor Monty Losowsky (b. 1931), emeritus professor of Professor Sir John Lilleyman medicine: (b. 1945), consultant haematologist: Dialysis, Sports Medicine. Leukaemia. Dr Irvine Loudon Professor Gerald Lincoln (1924–2015), GP, medical historian: (b. 1945), chronobiologist: General Practice, Maternal Care. SAD. Professor Seth Love Dr James Littlewood (b. 1955), neuropathologist: (b. 1932), consultant paediatrician, Brain Banks. former Chairman of the UK Cystic

Fibrosis Trust: Professor James Lovelock (b. 1919), member of scientific staff Cystic Fibrosis. at the National Institute for Medical Dr Stephen Lock Research: (b. 1929), editor of the British Medical Common Cold Unit, Environmental Journal (1975–1991): Toxicology. Endogenous Opiates, General Practice,

Medical Ethics, Safety of Drugs. Professor Gordon Lowe (b. 1949), consultant physician: Dr Eunice Lockey Cholesterol. (b. 1925), clinical pathologist:

Heart Transplant. Professor Rob Lucas (b. 1968), neurobiologist: Dr Robert Logan SAD. (b. 1959), gastroenterologist:

Peptic Ulcer. Professor Anneke Lucassen (b. 1962), clinical geneticist: Professor Robert Logie Ethics of Genetics. (b. 1954), psychologist:

Applied Psychology. Dr Brandon Lush (b. 1920), Principal Medical Officer – Medical Research Council: Applied Psychology, Clinical Research.

33 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Domhnall MacAuley Mr Ian MacKenzie (b. 1957), professor of primary health (b. 1942), obstetrician and care: gynaecologist: Sports Medicine. Rhesus Factor. Dr Peter MacCallum Professor Allan Maclean (b. 1958), haematologist: (b. 1947), obstetrician and Platelets. gynaecologist: Maternal Care. Dr Anita MacDonald (b. 1956), paediatric dietician: Professor Ian MacLennan Cystic Fibrosis. (b. 1939), immunologist: Leukaemia. Professor David Macdonald (b. 1951), ecologist: Professor Donald Macleod Bovine TB. (b. 1941), former President of the British Association of Sports and Dr Fiona Macdonald Exercise Medicine: (b. 1954), molecular geneticist: Sports Medicine. Clinical Molecular Genetics. Professor Patrick MacLeod Mrs Rose Macdonald (b. 1940), medical geneticist: (b. 1930), physiotherapist and director Individual Interview. of physiotherapy for the London Marathon (1981–2005): Dr Joan Macnab, geneticist: Sports Medicine. Cervical Cancer. Professor Alison Macfarlane Professor Jane Macnaughton (b. 1942), medical statistician: (b. 1960), medical historian: Air Pollution, Maternal Care, Individual Narrative Medicine. Interview. Sir Malcolm Macnaughton Professor Anne MacGregor (1925–2016), obstetrician and (b. 1960), specialist in headache and gynaecologist: women’s health: Medical Ethics. Migraine. Professor John MacVicar Dr Judith Mackay (1927–2011), obstetrician and (b. 1943), physician, senior policy gynaecologist: adviser to the WHO: Ultrasound. Tobacco Control. Ms Susan Madge Dr Elizabeth Mackenzie nurse consultant: (b. 1934), cytopathologist: Cystic Fibrosis. Cervical Cancer.

34 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Martyn Mahaut-Smith Professor Tim Mant (b. 1962), physiologist: (b. 1954), pharmacologist: Platelets. Clinical Pharmacology 2. Professor Eamonn Maher Dr Diana Manuel (b. 1956), consultant geneticist: medical historian: Clinical Cancer Genetics. Medical Ethics. Professor Jane Maher Dr Marshall Marinker (b. 1953), clinical oncologist: (b. 1930), GP, medical educator: Palliative Medicine. General Practice. Professor Chris Main Professor Isaac Marks (b. 1947), clinical psychologist: (b. 1935), psychiatrist: Pain. Psychiatric Drugs. Professor Sir Ravinder Nath Professor Vincent Marks (Tiny) Maini (b. 1930), biochemist: (b. 1937), rheumatologist: Cholesterol. TNF. Professor Hilary Marland Professor Sue Malcolm medical historian: (d. 2015), molecular geneticist: Maternal Care. Gene Mapping, Genetic Testing. Professor Charles Marsden Professor John Mallard (b. 1943), pharmacologist: (b. 1927), medical physicist: 5-HT, Individual Interview. Medical Physics, NMR and MRI. Dr Frank Marsh Professor Sir Netar Mallick (1936–2011), nephrologist: (b. 1935), renal physician: Dialysis. Dialysis. Mr Jonathan Marsh Dr Maureen Malowany (b. 1942), head of department of (b. 1949), medical historian: engineering at NIMR: Africa. NIMR, Individual Interview. Professor David Mann Professor William Marslen-Wilson (b. 1948), neuropathologist: (b. 1945), psychologist: Brain Banks. Applied Psychology. Professor Sir Peter Mansfield Professor Adrian Martineau (1933–2017), physicist, Nobel (b. 1971), TB researcher: Laureate: TB Chemotherapy. NMR and MRI, Individual Interview.

35 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Edwin Massey Professor W Ian McDonald (b. 1966), haematologist: (1933–2006), consultant neurologist, Rhesus Factor. medical historian: Autoimmunity, Clinical Research. Mr Ian Mathison (b. 1932), lab technician: Dr Gordon McGlone NIMR. (b. 1951), CEO of Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust: Dr James Matthews Bovine TB. (b. 1930), research scientist in blood coagulation: Professor Sir Ian McGregor Haemophilia. (1922–2007), malariologist: Africa. Professor Robert Maynard (b. 1951), physiologist, medical civil Professor Neil McIntosh servant: (b. 1942), neonatologist: Air Pollution, Environmental Toxicology. Neonatal Intensive Care. Dr Paul McCarthy Professor Joe McKie (b. 1942), physician: (b. 1925), clinical physicist: Asthma. Medical Physics. Professor Glenn McCluggage Dr Faith McLellan (b. 1963), histopathologist: (b. 1960), medical journalist: Cervical Cancer. Tobacco Control. Professor Kenneth McColl Professor Peter McLeod (b. 1950), consultant (b. 1946), psychologist: gastroenterologist: Applied Psychology. Peptic Ulcer. Dr Margaret McNay Dr James McCracken (b. 1945), obstetrician and (b. 1930), GP: gynaecologist: Asthma. Ultrasound. Professor Denis McDevitt Professor Alan McNeilly (b. 1937), clinical pharmacologist: (b. 1947), endocrinologist: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Breastfeeding. Pharmacology 2. Dr Iain McNicol Professor Norman McDicken (b. 1949), rural GP: (b. 1940), medical physicist: Rural Medicine. Ultrasound. Professor Klim McPherson (b. 1941), public heath epidemiologist: Public Health.

36 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Thomas Meade Dr Helen Middleton–Price (b. 1936), Director of the MRC (b. 1955), molecular geneticist: Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit: Clinical Molecular Genetics. General Practice, Platelets. Professor Anthony Miller Dr Jeanette Meadway (b. 1931), clinical epidemiologist: (b. 1947), consultant physician: Cervical Cancer. TB Chemotherapy. Dr Paul Miller Dr Margaret Mearns (b. 1940), gastroenterologist: (1924–2010), paediatrician: Cholesterol. Cystic Fibrosis. Mrs Riva Miller Professor Raphael Mechoulam (b. 1935), social worker: (b. 1930), pharmacologist: Haemophilia. Cannabis. Professor Tony Milner Mr Keith Meldrum (b. 1938), neonatologist: (b. 1937), Chief Veterinary Officer: Asthma. Bovine TB, Foot and Mouth. Professor César Milstein Dr Catherine Mercer (1927–2002), molecular biologist, (b. 1974), statistician: immunologist, Nobel Laureate: NATSAL. Monoclonal Antibodies. Dr Linda Meredith Mr Wesley Miner (b. 1955), medical geneticist: (b. 1948), industrial pharmacologist: Clinical Molecular Genetics. 5-HT, Platinum Salts, Individual Interview. Professor David Metcalfe Dr George Misiewicz (b. 1930), GP: (b. 1930), gastroenterologist: General Practice. Peptic Ulcer. Dr Richard Meyer Dr David Misselbrook (b. 1946), ecologist: (b. 1956), GP: Bovine TB. Medical Ethics. Dr William (Bill) Miall Professor Ross Mitchell (1917–2004), scientific staff member (1920–2006), paediatrician: of MRC Pneumoconiosis Research Asthma, Neonatal Intensive Care. Unit: Professor Denis (Denny) Mitchison General Practice, Population-based (b. 1919), bacteriologist: Research, Individual Interview. Post Penicillin, TB Chemotherapy. Professor Kim Michaelsen (b. 1948), paediatric nutritionist: Breastfeeding.

37 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Ursula Mittwoch Dr Catherine Moody (b. 1924), geneticist: (b. 1957), MRC programme manager: Clinical Genetics, Genetic Testing. Brain Banks. Professor Bernadette Modell Dr John Moore-Gillon (b. 1935), geneticist, thalassaemia (b. 1953), consultant chest physician: specialist: TB Chemotherapy. Clinical Molecular Genetics, Ethics of Mrs Hilary Morgan Genetics, Genetic Testing. (b. 1935), lab technician: Professor Michael Modell NIMR. (b. 1937) GP: Professor Jennifer Morgan Clinical Genetics. cell biologist: Professor Anthony Moffat Muscular Dystrophy. (b. 1942), pharmaceutical analyst: Professor Michael Morgan Cannabis. (b. 1942), programme director, Dr Pål Møller Wellcome Trust: (b. 1946), cancer geneticist: Gene Mapping. Clinical Cancer Genetics. Professor David Morrell Professor Patrick Mollison (b. 1925), GP: (b. 1914), haematologist: General Practice. Rhesus Factor. Professor Howard Morris Professor Sir Salvador Moncada biochemist: (b. 1944), research pharmacologist: Endogenous Opiates. Platelets, Individual Interview. Mr James Morris Professor Dame Barbara Monroe (b. 1929), veterinary officer with (b. 1951), social worker and hospital MAFF: chief executive: Foot and Mouth. Palliative Medicine. Professor Jerry Morris Mr John Montague (1910–2009), epidemiologist: (b. 1952), MAFF veterinary officer: Cholesterol. Bovine TB. Dr Peter Morris Professor Kathryn Montgomery (b. 1956), historian of chemistry: (b. 1939), medical humanities scholar: NIMR. Narrative Medicine. Dr Harry Morrow Brown The Duke of Montrose (1917–2013), consultant chest (b. 1935), livestock farmer: physician: Foot and Mouth. Asthma.

38 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor David Morton Dr Shaun Murphy (b. 1943), medical ethicist: (b. 1951), medical administrator and Medical Ethics. historian: Population-based Research. Dr Ornella Moscucci (b. 1954), medical historian: Dr Nicolas (Nick) Myant Public Health. (b. 1917), clinical biochemist: Cholesterol. Dr Noel Mowat (1927–2010), veterinary vaccinologist: Professor Richard Naftalin Foot and Mouth. (b. 1939), physiologist: Intestinal Absorption. Professor Miranda Mugford (b. 1950), health economist: Sir Patrick Nairne Corticosteroids. (1921–2013), civil servant, Permanent Secretary of the Department of Dame Lorna Muirhead Health and Social Security: (b. 1942), midwife: Clinical Research. Maternal Care. Ms Brenda Nally Mrs Brenda Mullinger (b. 1941), outreach officer, UK Brain (b. 1949), clinical trials coordinator: Bank for Autism: Corticosteroids. Brain Banks. Ms Kathryn (Kathy) Mulvey

(b. 1966), public health advocate: Professor Robert Naylor (b. 1943), pharmacologist: Tobacco Control. Platinum Salts. Mrs Elizabeth Mumford

(b. 1958), lecturer in medical law: Ms Kay Neale (b. 1946), polyposis registry manager ALSPAC, Ethics of Genetics. and research coordinator: Professor Donald Munro Clinical Cancer Genetics, Individual (1925–2013), professor of medicine: Interview. Clinical Research. Dr Francis Neary Professor Francesco Muntoni (b. 1971), medical historian: (b. 1959), paediatric neurologist: Hip Replacement. Muscular Dystrophy. Professor George Nelson Mr David J Murnaghan (1923–2009), parasitologist: (b. 1938), physicist: Africa. Medical Physics. Professor Andy Ness Baroness Elaine Murphy (b. 1962), epidemiologist: (b. 1947), psychiatrist: Population-based Research. Psychiatric Drugs.

39 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr John Newell Dr Archie Norman science journalist: (1912–2016), paediatrician, Chairman Monoclonal Antibodies. of the Medical Advisory Committee of the Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust: Professor Angela Newing Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, Rhesus Factor. (b. 1938), medical physicist: Medical Physics. Professor Colin Normand (1928–2011), paediatrician: Dr Bill Newsom Neonatal Intensive Care. (b. 1932), microbiologist: MRSA. Dr Keith Norris (b. 1928), biophysicist: Dr Alice Nicholls Individual Interview (b. 1975), medical historian: Intensive Care. Dr Robin Norris (1931–2015), cardiologist: Dr Alex Nicholson Platelets. (b. 1970), specialist in palliative medicine: Professor Alan North Pain. (b. 1944), neuropharmacologist: Individual Interview. Dr Richard Nicholson founder, Chairman of the Association Professor Timothy Northfield of Research Ethics Committees (1935–2008), consultant (UK): gastroenterologist: Medical Ethics. Peptic Ulcer. Professor Malcolm Nicolson Dr Jean Northover (b. 1952), medical historian: (b. 1928), scientist, parent of dialysis Ultrasound. patient: Dialysis. Dr Haik Nikogosian (b. 1955), WHO secretariat: Dr William Notcutt Tobacco Control. (b. 1946), neurologist: Cannabis, Palliative Medicine. Professor Walter Nimmo (b. 1947), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Andrew Nunn Clinical Pharmacology 1. (b. 1943), statistician: TB Chemotherapy, Individual Interview. Dr Bill Noble (b. 1956), palliative care specialist: Dr Michael O’Brien Palliative Medicine. (b. 1938), neurologist: Migraine.

40 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Moira O’Brien Professor Tom Oppé (b. 1933), consultant in osteoporosis (1925–2007), paediatrician: and sports medicine: Neonatal Intensive Care. Sports Medicine. Professor Roger Ordidge Professor Chris O’Callaghan (b. 1956), physicist: (b. 1959), paediatrician: Individual Interview Asthma. Professor Michael Orme Mrs Rachel O’Leary (b. 1940), clinical pharmacologist: (b. 1949), breastfeeding counsellor: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Breastfeeding. Pharmacology 2. Professor Colm Ó’Moráin Professor Lawrence (Peter) (b. 1946), gastroenterologist: Ormerod Peptic Ulcer. (b. 1950), chest physician: TB Chemotherapy. Professor Ann Oakley (b. 1944), sociologist: Dr Sidney Osborn Corticosteroids. (b. 1918), medical physicist: Medical Physics. Dr Chisholm Ogg (b. 1938), nephrologist: Dr Knut Øvreberg Dialysis. (1928–2012), chest physician: TB Chemotherapy. Dr Ahmed Ezra Ogwell (b. 1969), Kenyan civil servant: Dr David Owen Tobacco Control. journalist: Monoclonal Antibodies. Dr John Old (b. 1949), haematologist: Dr Alec Clinical Molecular Genetics. (b. 1940), chemist: Migraine. Mr John Older (b. 1935), orthopaedic surgeon: Professor Chris Packard Hip Replacement. (b. 1953), physician: Cholesterol. Professor Jes Olesen (b. 1941), neurologist: Professor Clive Page Migraine. (b. 1958), pharmacologist: Platelets. Professor Michael Oliver (1925–2015), cardiologist: Professor Lesley Page Cholesterol, Platelets. (b. 1944), midwife: Maternal Care.

41 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Ms Gabrielle Palmer Professor Malcolm Peaker (b. 1947), public health nutritionist: (b. 1943), physiologist: Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding. Dr Ingar Palmlund Sir Stanley Peart (b. 1938), medical sociologist: (b. 1922), physician, Trustee of the Environmental Toxicology. Wellcome Trust: Clinical Research, General Practice, Professor Michael Parker NATSAL, Platelets. (b. 1958), medical ethicist: Ethics of Genetics. Dr Richard Peatfield (b. 1949), consultant neurologist: Dr Colin Murray Parkes Migraine. (b. 1928), psychiatrist: Pain, Palliative Medicine. Dr Anthony Peck (b. 1933), industrial clinical Professor Sir Eldryd Parry pharmacologist: (b. 1930), physician and medical Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical educator: Pharmacology 2. Africa, Rural Medicine, Individual Interview. Professor (b. 1937), paediatric epidemiologist: Dr John Lloyd Parry ALSPAC. (b. 1936), GP: Sports Medicine. Mr Roger Peel (b. 1935), obstetrician and Professor Terence A Partridge gynaecologist: (b. 1940), cell biologist: Maternal Care. Muscular Dystrophy. Dr Tanja Pekez-Pavlisko Mr Nick Patterson (b. 1961), (b. 1946), contract manager of refuse physician: collection: Rural Medicine. Waste. Professor John Pemberton Dr John Paulley (1912–2010), professor of social and (1918–2007), gastroenterologist: preventative medicine: Peptic Ulcer. Population-based Research.

Miss Lesley Pavitt Professor Marcus Pembrey (b. 1944), dialysis nurse: (b. 1943), paediatrician and clinical Dialysis. geneticist: Dr Brian Payne ALSPAC, Clinical Genetics, Ethics of (b. 1945), consultant physician: Genetics, Genetic Testing, Individual Medical Ethics. Interview.

42 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Brian Pentecost Professor Ian Phillips (1934–2015), cardiologist: (b. 1936), medical microbiologist: Platelets. MRSA. Professor Sir Denis Pereira Gray Professor Robin Phillips (b. 1935), GP: (b. 1952), surgeon: Rural Medicine. Clinical Cancer Genetics. Professor Hugh Perry Professor Brian Pickering (b. 1952), neuropathologist: (b. 1936), neuroendocrinologist, Brain Banks. deputy Vice–Chancellor, University of : Dr Mark Perry ALSPAC. GP: General Practice. Professor John Pickstone (1944–2014), medical historian: Professor Roger Pertwee Dialysis, Hip Replacement. (b. 1942), pharmacologist: Cannabis. Dr Catherine Pike (1920–2016), cytopathologist: Professor Timothy Peters Cervical Cancer. (b. 1939), clinical biochemist: Intestinal Absorption. Dr Gordon Piller (1925–2005), former Director of the Professor Wallace Peters Leukaemia Research Fund: (b. 1924), protozoologist: Leukaemia. Africa. Dr Andrew Pinder Professor Julian Peto (b. 1953), medical physicist and (b. 1945), oncological epidemiologist: engineer: Cervical Cancer. NIMR, Individual Interview. Professor Judith Petts

(b. 1954), waste management and Dr Malcolm Pines (b. 1925), psychiatrist: environmental scientist: Psychiatric Drugs. Waste, Individual Interview. Dr Tyrone Pitt Professor Naomi Pfeffer (b. 1948), microbiologist: (b. 1946), medical historian: MRSA. Genetic Testing. Dr Hugh Platt Mr Elliot Philipp (b. 1921), veterinary pathologist: (1915–2010), obstetrician and Foot and Mouth. gynaecologist: Maternal Care, Rhesus Factor. Dr Margaret Platts (b. 1924), consultant nephrologist: Dialysis.

43 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor John Playfair Professor Sue Povey immunologist: (b. 1942), human geneticist: Autoimmunity. Clinical Genetics, Gene Mapping, Genetic Testing. Dr Walter Plowright (1923–2010), veterinary microbiologist: Professor Ray Powles Foot and Mouth. (b. 1938), haemato-oncologist: Leukaemia. Lord Plumb (b. 1927), farmer and politician: Dr Ann Prentice Foot and Mouth. (b. 1952), nutritionist: Breastfeeding. Professor Stuart Pocock medical statistician: Professor Colin Prentice Cholesterol. (1934–2014), physician: Platelets. Professor Paul Polani (1914–2006), geneticist and Professor Laurie Prescott paediatrician: (b. 1934), clinical pharmacologist: Genetic Testing. Clinical Pharmacology 1. Dr Jon Pollock Dr Elizabeth Price (b. 1948), epidemiologist: (b. 1944), medical microbiologist: ALSPAC. MRSA. Mr Richard Porter Professor Brian Prichard (b. 1951), obstetrician and (1932–2010), Secretary of the British gynaecologist: Pharmacological Society: Maternal Care. Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Pharmacology 2. Mrs Betty Porterfield scientific staff at Common Cold Unit: Professor Kalevi Pyörälä Common Cold Unit. (b. 1930), physician: Cholesterol. Dr James Porterfield (1924–2010), member of the scientific Mrs Vicky Quarshie staff at the MRC Common Cold Unit: (b. 1972), Headache Nurse Specialist: Common Cold Unit. Migraine. Dr Martina Pötschke-Langer Dr Rosaline Quinlivan (b. 1951), public health activist and (b. 1959), Paediatrician: WHO adviser: Muscular Dystrophy. Tobacco Control. Professor Tom Quinn Professor Roy Pounder (b. 1961), professor of cardiovascular (b. 1944), gastroenterologist: nursing: Intestinal Absorption, Peptic Ulcer. Platelets.

44 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Pat Rabbitt Mr John Read (b. 1934), psychologist: orthopaedic surgeon: Applied Psychology. Hip Replacement. Professor Maja Račić Dr Malcolm Read (b. 1972), family practitioner: (b. 1941), medical officer to Rural Medicine. Commonwealth and Olympic Games: Sports Medicine. Sir George Radda (b. 1936), radiologist, former President Mr Howard Rees of the Society for Magnetic Resonance (b. 1928), veterinary officer: in Medicine: Foot and Mouth. NMR and MRI. Dame Lesley Rees Professor Sandy Raeburn (b. 1942), chemical endocrinologist: (b. 1941), clinical geneticist, and former Endogenous Opiates. Chairman of the Scottish Council of the Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust: Professor John Reid (b. 1943), clinical pharmacologist: Cystic Fibrosis. Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Mrs Jennifer Raiman Pharmacology 2. (b. 1936), developer of London

Hospital Pain Chart: Professor Mary Renfrew (b. 1955), professor of midwifery: Pain. Breastfeeding. Ms Jane Randall-Smith

(b. 1953), medical administrator: Mrs Brenda Reynolds mother of paediatric patient: Rural Medicine. Platinum Salts. Professor Chris Rawlings

(b. 1954), bioinformatician: Professor Gavin Reynolds (b. 1952), neuroscientist: Gene Mapping, Individual Interview. 5-HT, Brain Banks. Professor Sir Michael Rawlins

(b. 1941), clinical pharmacologist, Mrs Lois Reynolds (b. 1947) medical historian: member of National Committee on Applied Psychology. Pharmacology and Committee on Safety of Medicines: Professor Clinical Pharmacology 2. (b. 1933), perinatal and neonatal paediatrician: Professor Andrew Read Neonatal Intensive Care, NMR and MRI. (b. 1939), medical geneticist: Clinical Molecular Genetics. Professor Graham Richards (b. 1941), historian of psychology: Applied Psychology.

45 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Martin Richards Dr Rodney Rivers (b. 1940), professor of family research: (b. 1939), neonatologist: Ethics of Genetics. Neonatal Intensive Care. Professor Sir Rex Richards Dr Geoffrey Rivett (b. 1922), chemist: (b. 1932), Department of Health and NMR and MRI. medical historian: Heart Transplant, Public Health. Dr Alan Richardson (b. 1940), veterinary surgeon: Dr Charles Rizza Foot and Mouth. (b. 1930), consultant physician: Haemophilia. Professor Peter Richardson (b. 1935), engineer: Professor Derek Roberts Platelets. (b. 1925), geneticist: Genetic Testing. Professor Sir Mark Richmond (b. 1931), biochemist, microbiologist: Dr Angela Robinson MRSA. (b. 1942), paediatric haematologist: Rhesus Factor. Dr Sam Richmond (b. 1949), neonatologist: Professor Jean Robinson Corticosteroids. Honorary Research Officer for the Association for Improvements in the Professor Povl Riis Maternity Services (UK): (1925–2017), former Chairman of Maternal Care, Ultrasound. the Danish National Sciences Ethical Committee: Dr Philip Robson Medical Ethics. (b. 1947), clinical and industrial pharmacologist, psychiatrist: Dr Julia Riley Cannabis. (b. 1960), palliative care specialist: Palliative Medicine. Professor Charles Rodeck (b. 1944), clinician, researcher in foetal Mr Peter Ring medicine: (b. 1922), orthopaedic surgeon: Genetic Testing, Rhesus Factor. Hip Replacement. Dr Keith Rogers Dr Sue Ring (1910–2005), consultant (b. 1967), geneticist: microbiologist: ALSPAC. Post Penicillin. Professor Jim Ritter

(b. 1944), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Peter Rohde (b. 1933), psychiatrist: Clinical Pharmacology 1. Psychiatric Drugs.

46 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Ivan Roitt Mrs Patti Rundall (b. 1927), immunologist: (b. 1950), baby food campaigner: Autoimmunity. Breastfeeding. Dr Stanley Rosen Dr George Russell nephrologist: (b. 1936), paediatrician: Dialysis. Asthma. Professor Norman Rosenthal Dr Ethan Russo (b. 1950), psychiatrist: (b. 1952), pharmaceutical scientist/ SAD, Individual Interview. industrial adviser: Cannabis. Mr Barry Ross (b. 1934), thoracic surgeon: Professor Sir Michael Rutter Heart Transplant. (b. 1933), child and adolescent psychiatrist: Mr Donald Ross Individual Interview. (1922–2014), consultant cardiac surgeon: Mrs Sue Sadler Heart Transplant. (b. 1943), clinic manager at ALSPAC: ALSPAC. Sir Keith Ross (1927–2003), consultant cardiac Dr Stewart Sage surgeon: (b. 1962), physiologist: Heart Transplant. Platelets. Professor James Rourke Professor Jeremy Saklatvala (b. 1952), rural GP and medical (b. 1943), rheumatologist: educator: TNF. Rural Medicine. Ms Ellena Salariya Professor Phil Routledge (b. 1931), midwife/breastfeeding (b. 1948), clinical pharmacologist: educator and researcher: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Breastfeeding. Pharmacology 2. Professor Julian Sampson Professor David Rowlands (b. 1959), medical geneticist: (b. 1940), veterinary virologist: Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical Foot and Mouth. Molecular Genetics. Dr John Rudd Professor Thomas Sanders (b. 1967), physiologist: (b. 1949), professor of nutrition: Platinum Salts. Cholesterol. Dame Joan Ruddock Professor Merton Sandler (b. 1943), Member of Parliament: (1926–2014), pharmacologist: Waste, Individual Interview. 5-HT, Migraine, Psychiatric Drugs.

47 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Gareth Sanger Professor James Scott (b. 1953), pharmacologist: (1924–2006), obstetrician and 5-HT, Platinum Salts, Individual Interview. gynaecologist: Rhesus Factor. Professor Peter Sasieni (b. 1963), biostatistician: Professor James Scott Cervical Cancer. (b. 1946), consultant physician: Cholesterol. Dame Cicely Saunders (1918–2005), physician, founder of Dr Jo Scott-Jones modern hospice movement: (b. 1963), rural GP: Pain. Rural Medicine. Professor Wendy Savage Professor Clive Seale (b. 1935), obstetrician and (b. 1955), medical sociologist: gynaecologist: NATSAL, Palliative Medicine. Maternal Care. Professor Anthony Seaton Dr Felicity Savage (b. 1938), respiratory and occupational (b. 1939), community paediatrician: health physician: Breastfeeding. Air Pollution, Individual Interview. Mr John Sawkins Dr David Secher (b. 1946), lab technician: immunologist and technology transfer NIMR, Individual Interview. specialist: Monoclonal Antibodies. Professor Pramod Saxena (b. 1939), pharmacologist: Dr Joseph Selkon Migraine. (1928–2013), consultant microbiologist: Professor Guy Scadding MRSA. (1907–1999), professor of medicine: Clinical Research. Dr Bob Sellers (b. 1924), veterinary virologist: Mr Chris Schermbrucker Foot and Mouth. (b. 1935), veterinary vaccinologist: Foot and Mouth. Miss Mary Selsby (b. 1934), renal nurse, dialysis services Dr Donald Scott manager: (b. 1930), clinical neurophysiologist: Dialysis. Psychiatric Drugs. Professor Jane Seymour Dr Geoffrey Scott (b. 1958), palliative care nurse: (b. 1948), clinical microbiologist: Palliative Medicine. MRSA, Post Penicillin, TB Chemotherapy.

48 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Stanley Shaldon Professor Michael Silverman (1931–2013), nephrologist, home (b. 1943), paediatrician: dialysis pioneer: Asthma. Dialysis. Dr Norman Simmons Dr Rosemary Shannon (b. 1933), medical microbiologist: (b. 1943), consultant paediatric MRSA. oncologist: Dr Dennis Simms Leukaemia. (b. 1926), civil servant: Dr David Shanson Environmental Toxicology. (b. 1944), medical microbiologist: Professor Albert Singer MRSA. (b. 1938), obstetrician/gynaecologist: Professor Gerry Shaper Cervical Cancer. (b. 1927), clinical epidemiologist: Professor Mervyn Singer Africa, Cholesterol. (b. 1958), physician, intensive care Mr Ernie Sharp consultant: (1921–2015), waste manager: Intensive Care. Waste, Individual Interview. Sir John Skehel Ms Karen Shaw (b. 1941), virologist: (b. 1964), research/brain donation Common Cold Unit. nurse: Dr Rosalind Skinner Brain Banks. (b. 1946), clinical geneticist: Dr Julian Shelley Clinical Molecular Genetics. (b. 1932), pharmacologist: Professor Heather Skirton Clinical Pharmacology 2. (b. 1953), nurse consultant, genetic Professor Roger Short counsellor: (b. 1930), reproductive biologist: Clinical Genetics. Breastfeeding. Dr Norman Slark The Very Revd Edward Shotter (b. 1934), physicist and medical civil (b. 1933), medical ethicist: servant: Medical Ethics. Ultrasound. Dr Ann Silver Dr Brian Slawson (b. 1929), physiologist: (b. 1933), consultant anaesthetist: Individual Interview. Intensive Care. Dr John Silver Dr Mary Smale (b. 1931), spinal injuries specialist: (b. 1943), breastfeeding counsellor: Rhesus Factor. Breastfeeding.

49 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Rod Smallwood Dr Roger Smith (b. 1945), medical engineer: (b. 1945), cardiologist: Medical Physics. Platelets. Dr Jean Smellie Dr Derek Smyth (b. 1927), paediatrician: (b. 1927), biochemist: Neonatal Intensive Care, Rhesus Factor. Endogenous Opiates. Dr Alec Smith Dr Bob Snow (1927–2014), tropical medicine (b. 1961), epidemiologist: expert: Africa. Africa. Professor Ellen Solomon Professor Alwyn Smith (b. 1943), human geneticist: (1925–2016), epidemiologist: Clinical Cancer Genetics, Gene Mapping. Public Health. Dr Jane Somerville Professor Dale Smith (b. 1933), cardiologist: (b. 1951), medical historian: Heart Transplant. MRSA. Dr Walter Somerville Dr Elspeth Smith (1913–2005), cardiologist: (b. 1923), biochemist: Heart Transplant. Cholesterol. Dr Pam Sonnenberg Dr Jim Smith (b. 1965), infectious disease (b. 1954), molecular developmental epidemiologist: biologist: NATSAL. NIMR. Lord Soulsby Dr John Smith (b. 1926), veterinary surgeon and (b. 1953), histopathologist: trade unionist: Cervical Cancer. Foot and Mouth. Dr Lindsay Smith Professor Anne Soutar (b. 1957), GP: (b. 1945), biochemist: Maternal Care. Cholesterol. Professor Robert Smith Dr Kevin Southern toxicologist: (b. 1964), paediatrician: Environmental Toxicology. Cystic Fibrosis. Dr Robert (Bob) N Smith Dr Geoffrey Spencer (b. 1934), pharmaceutical medical (b. 1929), consultant anaesthetist: director: Intensive Care. Clinical Pharmacology 2.

50 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Ian Spencer Dr Penny Stanway (b. 1961), medical historian: (b. 1946), GP: Ultrasound. Breastfeeding. Professor Peter Sperryn Professor Hannah Steinberg (b. 1937), sports medicine consultant: (b. 1924), psychopharmacologist: Sports Medicine. Endogenous Opiates, Psychiatric Drugs. Professor Maura Spiegel Professor Robert Steiner (b. 1954), narrative medicine scholar: (1918–2013), radiologist: Narrative Medicine. NMR and MRI, Peptic Ulcer. Dr Alison Spiro Mr Ian Stephen (b. 1949), health visitor/breastfeeding (b. 1944), orthopaedic surgeon: counsellor: Hip Replacement. Breastfeeding. Professor Andrew Stevens Professor Brian Spratt (b. 1954), professor of public health: (b. 1947), molecular microbiologist: Platelets. MRSA. Dr Ann Stewart Dr Arthur Spriggs (1930–2004), paediatrician: (1919–2015), cytopathologist: Neonatal Intensive Care. Cervical Cancer. Professor Gordon Stewart Dr Bertie Squire (b. 1919), public health physician: (b. 1960), infectious diseases expert: MRSA, Post Penicillin. TB Chemotherapy. Professor Gordon Stirrat Dr Anthony Selwyn St Leger (b. 1940), obstetrician and (b. 1948), epidemiologist: gynaecologist: Population-based Research, Individual ALSPAC. Interview. Professor Jan Stjernswärd Dr David Stableforth (b. 1936), palliative care specialist: (b. 1942), consultant physician in adult Pain. cystic fibrosis care: Dr John Stock Cystic Fibrosis. (b. 1919), chemist/pharmacologist: Professor Margaret Stanley Leukaemia. (b. 1939), cytopathologist: Dame Barbara Stocking Cervical Cancer. (b. 1951), charity chief executive Professor Stephen Stansfeld and early recipient of corticosteroid (b. 1951), psychiatrist: therapy: Population-based Research. Corticosteroids.

51 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Joseph Stoddart Mr Malcolm Swann (b. 1932), consultant anaesthetist: (b. 1931), orthopaedic surgeon for Intensive Care. juvenile chronic arthritis: Hip Replacement. Professor David Strachan (b. 1957), epidemiologist: Professor Alan Swanson Population-based Research. (b. 1931), professor of biomechanics: Hip Replacement. Professor Roger Strasser (b. 1952), rural physician and medical Mr Peter Sweetnam educator: (b. 1941), medical statistician: Rural Medicine. Population-based Research, Individual Interview. Professor Sarah Strasser (b. 1955), rural physician and medical Sir Rodney Sweetnam educator: (1927–2013), orthopaedic surgeon: Rural Medicine. Hip Replacement. Professor Leo Strunin Dr Mark Swerdlow (b. 1937), anaesthetist: (1918–2003), consultant anaesthetist: Intensive Care. Pain. Ms Fiona Stuart Professor Cameron Swift (b. 1955), MAFF veterinary officer: (b. 1946), clinical pharmacologist: Bovine TB. Clinical Pharmacology 2. Professor Steve Sturdy Professor Elizabeth Sykes (b. 1957), medical sociologist and (b. 1936), psychopharmacologist: historian: Psychiatric Drugs. Muscular Dystrophy. Professor Sir Keith Sykes Dr Maurice Super (b. 1925), consultant anaesthetist: (1936–2006), consultant paediatric Intensive Care. geneticist:

Cystic Fibrosis. Mrs Marilyn Symonds (b. 1947), cytologist: Professor Ian Sutherland Cervical Cancer. (b. 1945), biomedical engineer:

NIMR. Dr Anne Szarewski (1959–2013), epidemiologist: Dr Robert Sutherland Cervical Cancer. (b. 1930), bacteriologist:

MRSA. Dr Ian Tait (1926–2013), GP and medical historian: General Practice, Maternal Care, Medical Ethics, Psychiatric Drugs.

52 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Ann Taket Dr Suzanne Taylor (b. 1954), primary healthcare specialist: (b. 1978), medical historian: Public Health. Cannabis. The Revd Alan Tanner Professor Karen Temple (1925–2015), chairman of the clinical geneticist: Haemophilia Society: Muscular Dystrophy. Haemophilia. Dr Adrian Thomas Professor Tilli Tansey (b. 1954), radiologist: (b. 1953), neuroscientist, historian of Medical Physics. modern medical sciences:

5-HT, Air Pollution, Africa, ALSPAC, Dr Duncan Thomas (b. 1929), haematologist: Applied Psychology, Brain Banks, Platelets. Breastfeeding, Cannabis, Cervical Cancer, Clinical Cancer Genetics, Clinical Dr Hugh Thomas Genetics, Clinical Molecular Genetics, (b. 1952), GP: Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Common Cold Unit, Population-based Pharmacology 2, Common Cold Unit, Research. Corticosteroids, Dialysis, Endogenous

Opiates, Ethics of Genetics, Gene Ms Mary Thomas Mapping, Foot and Mouth, Haemophilia, (Mrs Hart) (b. 1940), epidemiology field worker: Intensive Care, Intestinal Absorption, Population-based Research. Leukaemia, Maternal Care, Medical Ethics, Migraine, Muscular Dystrophy, Mrs Wendy Thomas Narrative Medicine, NATSAL, Neonatal (b. 1949), Chief Executive of the Intensive Care, NIMR, Palliative Medicine, Migraine Trust: Peptic Ulcer, Platelets, Platinum Salts, Migraine. Post Penicillin, Psychiatric Drugs,

Rural Medicine, SAD, Safety of Drugs, Mr Mark Thomasin-Foster (b. 1943), farmer and environmentalist: Sports Medicine, TNF, Tobacco Control, Bovine TB. Ultrasound, Waste. Professor Harry Thomason Dr David Tattersall (b. 1940), sports scientist: (b. 1961), neuropharmacologist: Sports Medicine. Platinum Salts. Professor Gilbert Thompson Professor Peter Tavner (b. 1932), physician: (b. 1946), engineer: Cholesterol. Air Pollution. Mr Keith Thompson Mr Angus Taylor (b. 1926), medical administrator: (b. 1917), veterinary surgeon: Common Cold Unit. Foot and Mouth.

53 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Andrew Thomson Professor Geoffrey Tucker (b. 1940), chemist: (b. 1943), pharmacologist: Platinum Salts. Clinical Pharmacology 1. Mr Paul Thornber Mr Keith Tucker (b. 1945), waste management (b. 1945), orthopaedic surgeon, executive: founder member of the British Hip Waste. Society: Hip Replacement. Mrs Vicky Tinsley (b. 1960), midwife and manager: Professor Edward Tuddenham Maternal Care. (b. 1944), haematologist: Haemophilia. Dr Patricia Tippett (b. 1930), haematology research Mr Theodore Tulley worker: (b. 1918), physicist: Genetic Testing, Rhesus Factor. Medical Physics. Dr Jonathan Tobert Dr Dan Tunstall Pedoe (b. 1945), pharmaceutical physician: (1939–2015), consultant cardiologist: Cholesterol. Sports Medicine. Dr Paul Tofts Professor Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe (b. 1949), medical physicist: (b. 1939), cardiovascular NMR and MRI. epidemiologist: Cholesterol. Dr Peter Tothill (b. 1922), medical physicist: Lord (Leslie) Turnberg Medical Physics. (b. 1934), gastroenterologist/ physiologist: Dr Derrick Tovey Intestinal Absorption. (b. 1926), transfusion centre director: Rhesus Factor. Professor Neil Turner (b. 1956), nephrologist: Mr Frank Tovey Dialysis. (b. 1921), surgeon: Peptic Ulcer. Mr Peter Turner (b. 1949), head technician, parasitology: Professor Anthony Travis NIMR. (b. 1943), historian of chemistry: NIMR. Dr Trevor Turner (b. 1948), psychiatrist: Professor Tom Treasure Psychiatric Drugs. (b. 1947), cardiothoracic surgeon: Heart Transplant, NMR and MRI.

54 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr Wilfred Turner Professor Sir Patrick Vallance former diplomat, Secretary to the (b. 1960), pharmacologist: Committee on Safety of Drugs from Clinical Pharmacology 1. 1963 to 1966: Professor Veronica van Heyningen Safety of Drugs. (b. 1946), molecular geneticist: Dr John Turney Gene Mapping. (b. 1948), consultant renal physician: Professor Gert-Jan van Ommen Dialysis. (b.1947), geneticist: Professor Peter Turnpenny Muscular Dystrophy. (b. 1953), clinical geneticist: Professor Duncan Vere Ethics of Genetics. (b. 1929), clinical pharmacologist: Dr Robert Twycross Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical (b. 1941), clinician and researcher in Pharmacology 2, Pain. palliative medicine: The Revd Bryan Vernon Pain, Palliative Medicine. (b. 1950), ethicist: Dr Mike Tyers Medical Ethics. (b. 1946), industrial pharmacologist: Dr Roger Verrier Jones 5-HT. (b. 1934), paediatrician: Dr Linda Tyfield Corticosteroids. (b. 1946), molecular geneticist: Dr Marcos Vidal ALSPAC. (1974–2016), cancer biologist: Dr David Tyrrell TNF. (1925–2005), medical virologist: Dr Glyn Volans Africa, Applied Psychology, Autoimmunity, (b. 1943), pharmacologist: Clinical Research, Common Cold Unit, Migraine. Endogenous Opiates, General Practice, Genetic Testing, Haemophilia, Heart Professor Keir Waddington Transplant, Monoclonal Antibodies, Peptic (b. 1970), medical historian: Ulcer, Population-based Research, Post Bovine TB. Penicillin. Professor Owen Wade Mr Ken Tyrrell (1921–2008), physician, clinical (1929–2001), veterinary surgeon: pharmacologist: Foot and Mouth. Clinical Pharmacology 1, Clinical Pharmacology 2, Population-based Professor Timos Valaes Research, Safety of Drugs. (b. 1927), neonatologist: Rhesus Factor. Dr Milton Wainwright (b. 1950), microbiologist: Post Penicillin.

55 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Henning Walczak Professor Dafydd Walters (b. 1966), cancer researcher: (b. 1947), paediatrician: TNF. Air Pollution, Corticosteroids. Professor Leslie Walker Dr Heather Walton (b. 1949), social pyschologist: (b. 1962), environmental health Cervical Cancer. researcher: Air Pollution. Mr Patrick Walker (b. 1949), Consultant gynaecologist: Lord (John) Walton Cervical Cancer. (1922–2016), neurologist: Clinical Research. Professor John Walker-Smith (b. 1936), paediatric gastroenterologist: Mr Humphry Ward Cystic Fibrosis, Intestinal Absorption, (b. 1938), obstetrician and Leukaemia, Pain. gynaecologist: Rhesus Factor. Mr Mike Wall (b. 1965), ALSPAC parent: Dr Jill Warner ALSPAC. (b. 1962), allergist: Asthma. Professor Patrick Wall (1925–2001), physiologist: Professor John Warner Pain. (b. 1945), paediatrician: Asthma. Dr Susan Wallace (b. 1960), geneticist, medical Mrs Jenny Warren administrator: (b. 1946), former National Gene Mapping. Breastfeeding Adviser for : Breastfeeding. Professor David Wallis (b. 1934), pharmacologist: Professor Elizabeth Warrington 5-HT. (b. 1931), neuropsychologist: Individual Interview. Professor John Wallwork (b. 1946), transplant surgeon: John Waterlow Heart Transplant. (1916–2010), nutritionist: Africa. Sir (b. 1953), UK Government Chief Professor Estlin Waters Scientific Adviser, former Director of (b. 1934), epidemiologist: the Wellcome Trust (2003–2013): Population-based Research, Individual Clinical Pharmacology 1. Interview. Miss Pamela Waterworth (1920–2004), microbiologist: Post Penicillin.

56 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Sir David Weatherall Mr Clifford Welch (b. 1933), molecular geneticist: (b. 1925), former Chairman of the Clinical Genetics, Clinical Molecular Katharine Dormandy Trust: Genetics, Genetic Testing, Leukaemia, Haemophilia. Rhesus Factor. Professor Kaye Wellings Dr Josephine Weatherall (b. 1948), co–founder of NATSAL: medical statistician: NATSAL. Safety of Drugs. Mr John Wells Dr Mark Weatherall (b. 1944), industrial nutritionist: (b. 1968), consultant neurologist: Breastfeeding. Migraine. Professor Peter Wells Professor Miles Weatherall (b. 1936), medical physicist: (1920–2007), pharmacologist: Medical Physics, Ultrasound. Common Cold Unit, Endogenous Professor John West Opiates, Monoclonal Antibodies, Safety (b. 1928), physiologist: of Drugs. Applied Psychology, Medical Physics, Professor Lawrence Weaver MRSA. (b. 1948), paediatrician: Professor Brian Wharton Breastfeeding. (b. 1937), professor of human Professor David Webb nutrition: (b. 1953), clinical pharmacologist: Breastfeeding. Clinical Pharmacology 1. Dr David Wheatley Professor Kevin Webb (b. 1929), consultant psychiatrist: (b. 1946), clinician in cystic fibrosis Psychiatric Drugs. adult care: Mr Victor Wheble Cystic Fibrosis. (b. 1919), orthopaedic surgeon: Dr Jean Weddell Hip Replacement. (1928–2013), scientific staff member Dame Margaret Wheeler of the MRC Epidemiology Research (b. 1932), midwife: Unit: Maternal Care. Population-based Research. Mr Steven White Professor Bee Wee (b. 1955), engineer: (b. 1964), palliative care specialist: NIMR. Palliative Medicine. Professor Roger Whitehead Professor Joanna Weinberg, (b. 1933), director of child nutrition psychiatrist: research: Psychiatric Drugs. Africa, Breastfeeding.

57 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Charles Whitfield Dr Anthony Williams (b. 1927), consultant obstetrician: (b. 1951), paediatrician: Maternal Care, Rhesus Factor, Breastfeeding. Ultrasound. Miss Carol Williams Dr Tony Whittingham public health nutritionist: (b. 1944), medical physicist: Breastfeeding. Ultrasound. Mr David Williams Professor John Widdicombe (1940–2013), Chair of the Badger (1925–2011), physiologist: Trust: Cystic Fibrosis. Bovine TB. Professor Jonathan Wigglesworth Sir David Innes Williams (b. 1932), perinatal pathologist: (1919–2013), urological surgeon: Neonatal Intensive Care. Clinical Research. Mr Tony Wilkes Mr John Williams (b. 1933), entomologist: (b. 1945), obstetrician and Africa. gynaecologist: Corticosteroids. Mr Adam Wilkinson (b. 1977), administrator: Professor Martin Williams Bovine TB. (b. 1947), environmental chemist: Air Pollution. Mr John Wilkinson (b. 1944), physicist: Dr Peter Williams Medical Physics. (1925–2014), medical administrator, Director of the Wellcome Trust Dr Lise Wilkinson (1965–1991): medical virologist, medical historian: Africa, Clinical Research, Common Cold Foot and Mouth. Unit, Intestinal Absorption, Monoclonal Dr Peter Wilkinson Antibodies, NATSAL. (b. 1945), medical microbiologist:

Medical Ethics. Professor Peter Williams (b. 1949), medical physicist: Dr Michael Wilks Medical Physics. forensic medical examiner:

Medical Ethics. Professor Richard Williams (b. 1956), immunologist: Dr Eric (Es) Will TNF. (b. 1945), nephrologist,

bioinformatician: Professor Robert Williams (1926–2015), inorganic chemist: Individual Interview Platinum Salts.

58 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mrs Sally Williams Professor Heinz Wolff (b. 1936), physiotherapist: (b. 1928), bioengineer and television Sports Medicine. presenter: NIMR. Mrs Wendy Williams (b. 1941), survey interviewer: Dr John Wood NATSAL. (b. 1949), pharmacologist: Peptic Ulcer. Dr W O Williams (b. 1921), GP: Professor Sir Martin Wood General Practice. (b. 1927), medical technology developer in industry: Professor Robert (Bob) Williamson NMR and MRI. (b. 1938), geneticist: Clinical Molecular Genetics. Professor Ciaran Woodman (1954–2015), cancer epidemiologist: Dr James Willocks Cervical Cancer. (b. 1928), obstetrician: Ultrasound. Professor John Woodrow (b. 1924), consultant physician: Professor David Wilson Genetic Testing, Rhesus Factor. (b. 1952), environmental chemist: Waste. Professor Abigail Woods (b. 1972), medical historian: Mr Michael Wilson Foot and Mouth. (b. 1956), orthopaedic surgeon: Hip Replacement. Professor Frank Woods (1937–2016), pharmacologist: Dr Eve Wiltshaw Clinical Pharmacology 1, Environmental (b. 1927), oncologist: Toxicology. Leukaemia, Platinum Salts. Dr James (Jim) Woody Dr Guil Winchester pharmaceutical development specialist: medical historian: TNF. Monoclonal Antibodies. Professor Neville Woolf Professor Jan Witkowski (b. 1930), histopathologist: (b. 1947), molecular biologist and Cholesterol. medical historian: Muscular Dystrophy. Dr Michael Woolridge (b. 1950), infant nutrition researcher: Dr Margaret Wolfendale Breastfeeding. (b. 1931), cytopathologist: Cervical Cancer. Professor Brian Worthington (1938–2007), radiologist: NMR and MRI.

59 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr David Wright Professor John Yates (b. 1944), anaesthetist: (b. 1948), medical geneticist: Intensive Care. Clinical Molecular Genetics. Dr Martin Wright Dr Alan Yoshioka (1912–2001), bioengineer: (b. 1963), medical historian: Population-based Research. Post Penicillin. Mr Mick Wright Mrs Elisabeth Young (b. 1949), waste manager: (b. 1942), biochemist in paediatric Waste, Individual Interview. : Genetic Testing. Mrs Sheila Wright (b. 1919), MRC publications officer: Professor Ian Young Population-based Research. (b. 1932), physicist: NMR and MRI. Professor B Michael Wroblewski (b. 1934), orthopaedic surgeon: Professor Maureen Young Hip Replacement. (1915–2013), perinatal physiologist: Neonatal Intensive Care. Professor Oliver Wrong (1925–2012), nephrologist: Professor John S Yudkin Intestinal Absorption. (b. 1943), professor of nutrition: Cholesterol. Professor John Wyatt (b. 1952), neonatologist: Professor Doris Zallen Neonatal Intensive Care. (b. 1941), medical historian: Genetic Testing, Rhesus Factor. Dr John Wynn-Jones (b. 1951), rural GP: Dr Luke Zander Rural Medicine. (b. 1935), GP: Maternal Care. Dr John Yarnell epidemiologist: Dr Thomas Zeltner Population-based Research, Individual (b. 1947), public health specialist and Interview. WHO adviser: Tobacco Control.

60 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Ivar Aaraas Mr Usama Abdulla Prof Sir Donald Acheson Ms Sheila Adam

Dr Aileen Adams Prof Matteo Adinolfi Prof Michael Adler Prof Sam Ahmedzai

Mr James Akre Prof Elizabeth Alder Dr Maurice Allen Prof H Ross Anderson

Dr Stuart Anderson Prof Raymond Andrew Prof Paul Andrews Dr Joseph Angel

61 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Josephine Arendt Prof Tom Arie Dr Jeffrey Aronson Prof John Ashton

Mr Tom Ashton Ms Pat Ashworth Prof Ellen (Mel) Avery Prof Graham Ayliffe

Mrs Mary Ayres Prof Nigel Baber Prof Kenneth Bagshawe Dr Rosemarie Baillod

Dr Mary Baines Dr Gordon Baird Prof David Baker Dr Y S (Mick) Bakhle

62 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Bert Bakker Dr Mark Bale Prof Fran Balkwill Dr Carol Ball

Dr Derek Bangham Prof Sir Roger Bannister Dr Barry Barber Dr Basil Bard

Prof David Barker Ms Carol Barksfield Ms Chris Barnes Mrs Rosie Barnes

Prof David Barnett Prof Hugh Baron Dr Michael Barr Prof Richard Batchelor

63 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Ralph Batchelor Prof Sir John Batten Dr John Beale Dr George Beaumont

Dr Linda Beeley Dr Catherine Belling Prof Virginia Berridge Dr Caroline Berry

Prof Sir Colin Berry Prof John Betteridge Dr Ethel Bidwell Mr Brian Biles

Prof Julian Bion Mr Simon Birkett Miss Karen Birmingham Prof Timothy Bishop

64 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Sir Douglas Black Prof Sir James Black Prof Nick Black Dr Tom Blackburn

Prof Roland Blackwell Prof Christopher Blagg Dr Joseph N Blau Prof Martin Bobrow

Prof Sir Walter Bodmer Prof Sir Michael Bond Sir Christopher Booth Prof Gustav Born

Dr Malcolm Bottomley Mrs Ruth Bowles Prof Kenneth Boyd Dr Richard Boyd

65 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof David Bradley Prof Ronald Bradley Dr Margaret Branthwaite Prof Carol Brayne

Sir Alasdair Breckenridge Dr Alan Broadhurst Dr Penelope Brock Dr Peter Brocklehurst

Prof Jens Brockmeier Prof J Ramsey Bronk Mr Thomas Brown Dr Doreen Browne

Prof Richard Bruckdorfer Mrs Phyll Buchanan Dr Robert Bud Prof Petar Bulat

66 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Michael Bull Prof Arthur Buller Prof Sir John Burn Dr Ian Burney

Prof Geoffrey Burnstock Prof Kate Bushby Mr Timothy Byrne Fr Brendan Callaghan

Dr Sheila Callender Sir Kenneth Calman Prof Hilary Calvert Prof Dugald Cameron

Prof Stewart Cameron Prof Alastair Campbell Dr Ian Campbell Prof Peter Campbell

67 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Saveria Campo Prof Richard Carter Dr Tim Carter Prof Mark Casewell

Dr Angela Cassidy Prof Daniel Catovsky Prof Mark Caulfield Prof Sir Iain Chalmers

Prof Geoffrey Chamberlain Prof Jocelyn Chamberlain Prof Donald Chambers Mr Geof Chambers

Dr Donna Chaproniere Lady Jill Charnley Prof Rita Charon Prof Bruce Chater

68 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Bilwanath Dr Ian Lister Cheese Prof Yuti Chernajovsky Dr Kenneth Citron Chattopadhyay

Prof David Clark Mr Michael Clark Prof Angus Clarke Prof David Clarke

Prof John Clifton Prof Forrester Cockburn Ms Marjory Cockburn Dr Chris Coggins

Dr Nelson Coghill Dr Martin Cole Prof Dulcie Coleman Mr Eric Collins

69 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Brian Commins Dr Gordon Cook Prof Robin Coombs Mr Jeff Cooper

Dr Peter Corcoran Dr Beryl Corner Prof Ian Couper Prof Phillip Cowen

Prof Helen Cox Dr Jim Cox (b. 1950) Prof Tony Coxon Prof Ian Craig

Mr Harry Craven Dr Lionel Crawford Prof Sir John Crofton Dr Donald Crombie

70 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Ilana Crome Dr Patricia Crowley Dr June Crown Prof Derek Crowther

Prof Heather Cubie Prof Gerald Curzon Prof Alan Cuthbert Prof Jack Cuzick

Dr Stephanie Dancer Prof Naomi Datta Prof George Davey Smith Prof Donald Davies

Mr Gareth Davies Prof John Elfed Davies Dr Peter Davies Dr Clare Davison

71 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Tony Dayan Mrs Rosemary de Rossi Prof Joy Delhanty Mr Barry Dennis

Dr Nick Dennis Dr Christopher Derrett Prof Richard Derwent Dr Vincenzo Di Marzo

Prof John Dickinson Prof George Dickson Mr Ross Dike Dr Bernard Dixon

Prof Thomas Dixon Mrs Mary Dodd Prof John Dodge Prof Sir Richard Doll

72 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Deborah Doniach Prof Dian Donnai Dr James Douglas Dr Colin Dourish

Prof Hermon Dowling Prof Duncan Dowson Dr Peter Doyle Prof James Drife

Prof Sir Michael Drury Prof Victor Dubowitz Dr Georgia Duckworth Prof Brian Duerden

Dr Tony Duggan Dr Ian Duncan Dr Sheila Duncan Mrs Fran Duncan-Skingle

73 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Peter Dunn Dame Karen Dunnell Mr Mike Durham Prof Paul Durrington

Prof Robert Duthie Mrs Jill Dye Prof Fiona Dykes Mrs Ann Eady

Prof Robin Eady Ms Jennifer Eastwood Dr Friedericke Eben Prof Griffith Edwards

Dr Andrew Elder Dr Rob Elles Miss Freda Ellis Mr Reg Elson

74 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Peter Elwood Prof Alan Emery Mr Steve Eminton Prof Michael Emmerson

Prof Alan Emond Ms Hilary English Sir Terence English Mr Bob Erens

Prof Margaret Esiri Dr David Evans Prof Gareth Evans Dr Philip Farrell

Prof Bobbie Farsides Dr Joan Faulkner Prof Christina Faull Prof Sir Marc Feldmann

75 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mr John Ferguson Prof Malcolm Ferguson- Prof Robin Ferner Dr Freda Festenstein Smith

Mrs Julia Field Baroness Ilora Finlay Prof Ronald Finn Prof David Finney

Ms Chloe Fisher Dr Robert Flanagan Mr John Fleming Dr Peter Fletcher

Dr Tom Flewett Prof Rod Flower Prof Sir Brian Follett Dr Gillian Ford

76 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Sir Patrick Forrest Dr Arthur Fowle Prof Jack Fowler Mrs Gaye Fox

Prof Richard Frackowiak Prof Paul Francis Prof Arthur Frank Dr Bill Frankland

Prof Ian Franklin Prof George Fraser Prof Michael Freeman Dr Jeff French

Dr Kathy French Prof Uta Frith Dr Alan Fryer Mrs Iris Fudge

77 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Bill Fulford Prof John Gabbay Mrs Jean Gaffin Ms Janet Gahegan

Dr Michael Gait Dr Paresh Gajjar Prof Charles Galasko Prof John Galloway

Prof David Galton (1922– Prof David Galton (b. 1937) Prof Harold Gamsu Dr Tony Garland 2006)

Mrs Diana Garratt Prof Duncan Geddes Prof Stanley Gelbier Prof Curtis Gemmell

78 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Sir Charles George Prof Rob George Sir Roger Gibbs Dr Tony Gilbertson

Dr Edward Gill Prof Herbert Gilles Prof Raanan Gillon Dr Dino Giussani

Dr Toni Gladding Prof Anna Glasier Prof Alan Glynn Prof Jean Golding

Dr John Goldsmith Dr Mary Goodchild Dr Len Goodwin Ms Shirley Goodwin

79 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof David Gordon Dr Ian Gould Prof John Govan Prof David Grahame-Smith

Prof Richard Gralla Prof John Grange Prof Wyn Grant Sir John Gray

Dr Winifred Gray Prof Jane Green Prof Richard Green Prof David Greenwood

Dr Roger Greenwood Prof John Griffin Prof John Griffiths Prof Rod Griffiths

80 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Jan Gronow Dr Geoffrey Guy Prof Abe Guz Dr Djordje Gveric

Mr John Haggith Dr Angus Hall Mr Sherwin Hall Mr Stephen Hall

Dr Nina Hallowell Dr David Hamilton Prof John Hamilton Prof Jeremy Hamilton- Miller

Mrs Phyllis Hampson Prof John Hampton Prof Geoffrey Hanks Prof David Hannay

81 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Ms Helen Hanson Prof Lars Hanson Prof Jane Harding Dr Kevin Hardinge

Dr Robin Harland Ms Christina Harocopos Prof (Sir) Peter Harper Prof Kenneth Harrap

Dr Hilary Harris Prof Rodney Harris Prof Michael Harrison Prof Roy Harrison

Sir Graham Hart Dr Julian Tudor Hart Prof Frank Hayhoe Mr Graham Haynes

82 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Richard Hays Dr John Hayward Prof David Healy Dr Vanessa Heggie

Dr Michael Hellier Dr Elisabet Helsing Mr Nick Henderson Dr Leo Hepner

Prof Stan Heptinstall Dr Amanda Herbert Dr Andrew Herxheimer Dr Edmund Hey

Dr Peter Higgins Mr Russell Higgins Prof Roger Higgs Mr Barry Hill

83 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Ray Hill Dr Richard Hillier Dr Elizabeth Hills Prof Richard Himsworth

Prof Michael Hobsley Dr Clare Hodges Prof Shirley Hodgson Dr Nicholas Hoenich

Dr James Hoeschele Sir Raymond Hoffenberg Dr Eric Hoffman Dr David Hogg

Dr Anita Holdcroft Professor Walter Holland Dr Arthur Hollman Mr Roger Hooper

84 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof John Hopewell Dr Tom Hopwood Dr John Horder Sir Godfrey Hounsfield

Dr Sheila Howarth Prof Peter Howie Dr Andrew Hoy Prof Daniel Hoyer

Prof Anne Hudson Jones Dr Philip Hugh-Jones Mrs Janie Hughes Prof John Hughes

Dr Nevin Hughes-Jones Prof Maj Hultén Miss Tracy Humberstone Prof Patrick Humphrey

85 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Steve Humphries Dr Jackie Hunter Dr Kenneth Hunter Dr Peter Hunter

Prof Brian Hurwitz Ms Victoria Hutchins Dr Michael Hutson Prof Michael Hutt

Prof Peter Hutton Mrs Yasmin Iles-Caven Prof Victor Inem Prof Ilsley Ingram

Prof Bill Inman Dr Craig Irvine Prof Ian Isherwood Sir David Jack

86 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Anthony Jackson Dr Bobbie Jacobson Prof Margot Jefferys Prof David Jenkins

Dr Tony Jenkins Dr Joanna Jenkinson Prof Alec Jenner Prof Bryan Jennett

Dr Amina Jindani Prof Dame Anne Johnson Dr Jeremy Johnson Mr Stanley Johnson

Dr Alan Johnston Dr Peter Jones Dr Richard Jones Prof Roger Jones

87 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Terry Jones Prof Trevor Jones Mr David Joranson Prof Ian Judson

Prof Joachim Kalden Prof Alberto Kaumann Dr Humphrey Kay Prof Sir Ian Kennedy

Prof David Kerr Mrs Ann Kershaw Dr Georges Köhler Dr Felix Konotey-Ahulu

Dr Oleg Kravtchenko Dr Suresh Kumar Mr Krishna (Ravi) Kunzru Prof Sir Peter Lachmann

88 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Peter Lantos Dr John Launer Prof Desmond Laurence Prof Michael Laurence

Dr John Law Mr Laz Lazarou Prof Iain Ledingham Professor Christine Lee

Prof Alan Lehmann Prof John Lennard-Jones Mr Alan Lettin Dr Peter Lewis

Prof Alfred Lewy Dr Owen Lidwell Prof Richard Lilford Prof Sir John Lilleyman

89 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Gerald Lincoln Dr James Littlewood Dr Stephen Lock Prof Donald Longmore

Mr Philip Lord Prof Monty Losowsky Dr Irvine Loudon Prof Seth Love

Prof James Lovelock Prof Rob Lucas Prof Anneke Lucassen Dr Brandon Lush

Prof Domhnall MacAuley Dr Peter MacCallum Dr Anita MacDonald Prof David Macdonald

90 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Fiona Macdonald Mrs Rose Macdonald Prof Alison Macfarlane Prof Anne MacGregor

Dr Elizabeth Mackenzie Prof Allan Maclean Prof Patrick MacLeod Dr Joan Macnab

Prof Jane Macnaughton Sir Malcolm Macnaughton Prof John MacVicar Ms Susan Madge

Prof Eamonn Maher Prof Jane Maher Prof Chris Main Prof Sir Ravinder Nath (Tiny) Maini

91 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Sue Malcolm Prof John Mallard Prof Sir Netar Mallick Prof David Mann

Prof Sir Peter Mansfield Prof Tim Mant Dr Marshall Marinker Prof Vincent Marks

Prof Charles Marsden Dr Frank Marsh Mr Jonathan Marsh Mr Ian Mathison

Prof Robert Maynard Prof Glenn McCluggage Prof Kenneth McColl Prof Denis McDevitt

92 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Norman McDicken Dr Gordon McGlone Prof Sir Ian McGregor Prof Joe McKie

Prof Alan McNeilly Dr Iain McNicol Prof Klim McPherson Prof Thomas Meade

Dr Jeanette Meadway Dr Margaret Mearns Prof Raphael Mechoulam Mr Keith Meldrum

Dr Catherine Mercer Dr Linda Meredith Dr Richard Meyer Prof Kim Michaelsen

93 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Helen Middleton–Price Prof Anthony Miller Prof César Milstein Mr Wesley Miner

Dr George Misiewicz Dr David Misselbrook Prof Denis (Denny) Prof Ursula Mittwoch Mitchison

Prof Bernadette Modell Prof Michael Modell Prof Anthony Moffat Dr Pål Møller

Prof Patrick Mollison Prof Sir Salvador Moncada Prof Dame Barbara Mr John Montague Monroe

94 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Kathryn Montgomery The Duke of Montrose Dr Catherine Moody Dr John Moore-Gillon

Mrs Hilary Morgan Prof Jennifer Morgan Prof Michael Morgan Prof Howard Morris

Mr James Morris Prof Jerry Morris Dr Peter Morris Dr Harry Morrow Brown

Prof David Morton Dr Noel Mowat Prof Miranda Mugford Mrs Brenda Mullinger

95 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Mrs Elizabeth Mumford Prof Donald Munro Prof Francesco Muntoni Mr David J Murnaghan

Dr Shaun Murphy Ms Brenda Nally Prof Robert Naylor Ms Kay Neale

Dr Francis Neary Mr John Newell Prof Angela Newing Dr Bill Newsom

Dr Alice Nicholls Dr Alex Nicholson Dr Richard Nicholson Prof Malcolm Nicolson

96 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Professor Walter Nimmo Dr Bill Noble Dr Archie Norman Dr Keith Norris

Professor Alan North Dr Jean Northover Dr William Notcutt Dr Andrew Nunn

Dr Michael O’Brien Professor Moira O’Brien Mrs Rachel O’Leary Dr Chisholm Ogg

Dr John Old Mr John Older Prof Jes Olesen Prof Michael Oliver

97 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Roger Ordidge Prof Michael Orme Dr Sidney Osborn Dr Knut Øvreberg

Dr Alec Oxford Prof Chris Packard Ms Gabrielle Palmer Dr Ingar Palmlund

Prof Michael Parker Dr Colin Murray Parkes Prof Sir Eldryd Parry Prof Terence A Partridge

Mr Nick Patterson Miss Lesley Pavitt Dr Brian Payne Prof Malcolm Peaker

98 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Sir Stanley Peart Dr Richard Peatfield Dr Anthony Peck Prof Catherine Peckham

Dr Tanja Pekez-Pavlisko Prof John Pemberton Prof Marcus Pembrey Prof Sir Denis Pereira Gray

Prof Hugh Perry Prof Roger Pertwee Prof Wallace Peters Prof Judith Petts

Mr Elliot Philipp Prof Ian Phillips Prof Robin Phillips Prof Brian Pickering

99 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof John Pickstone Dr Catherine Pike Dr Gordon Piller Dr Andrew Pinder

Dr Tyrone Pitt Lord Plumb Prof Stuart Pocock Prof Paul Polani

Dr Jon Pollock Dr James Porterfield Prof Roy Pounder Prof Sue Povey

Prof Ray Powles Dr Ann Prentice Prof Colin Prentice Prof Laurie Prescott

100 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Elizabeth Price Prof Brian Prichard Prof Kalevi Pyörälä Dr Rosaline Quinlivan

Prof Maja Račić Sir George Radda Prof Sandy Raeburn Ms Jane Randall-Smith

Prof Chris Rawlings Prof Sir Michael Rawlins Prof Andrew Read Mr John Read

Dr Malcolm Read Mr Howard Rees Dame Lesley Rees Prof John Reid

101 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Mary Renfrew Mrs Brenda Reynolds Prof Gavin Reynolds Prof Martin Richards

Dr Alan Richardson Prof Sir Mark Richmond Prof Povl Riis Dr Julia Riley

Mr Peter Ring Dr Sue Ring Prof Jim Ritter Dr Geoffrey Rivett

Dr Charles Rizza Prof Derek Roberts Dr Angela Robinson Dr Philip Robson

102 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Charles Rodeck Professor Ivan Roitt Dr Stanley Rosen Prof Norman Rosenthal

Mr Donald Ross Sir Keith Ross Prof James Rourke Prof Phil Routledge

Prof David Rowlands Dr John Rudd Dame Joan Ruddock Dr Ethan Russo

Prof Sir Michael Rutter Mrs Sue Sadler Prof Jeremy Saklatvala Ms Ellena Salariya

103 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Julian Sampson Prof Thomas Sanders Prof Merton Sandler Prof Gareth Sanger

Prof Peter Sasieni Dame Cicely Saunders Dr Felicity Savage Mr John Sawkins

Prof Pramod Saxena Prof Guy Scadding Prof James Scott (b. 1924) Prof James Scott (b. 1946)

Dr Jo Scott-Jones Prof Clive Seale Prof Anthony Seaton Dr David Secher

104 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Joseph Selkon Dr Bob Sellers Miss Mary Selsby Prof Stanley Shaldon

Dr David Shanson Prof Gerry Shaper Mr Ernie Sharp Ms Karen Shaw

Dr Julian Shelley Prof Roger Short The Very Revd Edward Dr Ann Silver Shotter

Prof Michael Silverman Dr Norman Simmons Dr Dennis Simms Prof Albert Singer

105 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Mervyn Singer Dr Rosalind Skinner Dr Norman Slark Dr Brian Slawson

Dr Mary Smale Dr Jean Smellie Prof Alwyn Smith Prof Dale Smith

Dr Elspeth Smith Dr John Smith Prof Robert Smith Dr Robert (Bob) N Smith

Dr Derek Smyth Dr Bob Snow Prof Ellen Solomon Dr Walter Somerville

106 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Pam Sonnenberg Lord Soulsby Prof Anne Soutar Dr Geoffrey Spencer

Prof Peter Sperryn Prof Maura Spiegel Dr Alison Spiro Prof Brian Spratt

Dr David Stableforth Prof Margaret Stanley Prof Stephen Stansfeld Dr Penny Stanway

Prof Hannah Steinberg Prof Robert Steiner Prof Gordon Stewart Prof Gordon Stirrat

107 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Jan Stjernswärd Dr John Stock Dr Joseph Stoddart Prof David Strachan

Prof Roger Strasser Prof Sarah Strasser Prof Leo Strunin Ms Fiona Stuart

Prof Steve Sturdy Dr Maurice Super Prof Ian Sutherland Dr Robert Sutherland

Mr Malcolm Swann Prof Alan Swanson Sir Rodney Sweetnam Dr Mark Swerdlow

108 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Cameron Swift Prof Sir Keith Sykes Mrs Marilyn Symonds Dr Anne Szarewski

Dr Ian Tait Prof Ann Taket The Revd Alan Tanner Dr David Tattersall

Prof Peter Tavner Mr Angus Taylor Dr Suzanne Taylor Prof Karen Temple

Dr Duncan Thomas Dr Hugh Thomas Mrs Wendy Thomas Mr Mark Thomasin-Foster

109 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Harry Thomason Prof Gilbert Thompson Mr Keith Thompson Prof Andrew Thomson

Mr Paul Thornber Dr Patricia Tippett Dr Peter Tothill Dr Derrick Tovey

Mr Frank Tovey Prof Anthony Travis Prof Tom Treasure Prof Geoffrey Tucker

Mr Theodore Tulley Dr Dan Tunstall Pedoe Prof Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe Lord (Leslie) Turnberg

110 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Neil Turner Mr Peter Turner Mr Wilfred Turner Dr John Turney

Prof Peter Turnpenny Dr Robert Twycross Dr Mike Tyers Dr Linda Tyfield

Dr David Tyrrell Mr Ken Tyrrell Prof Sir Patrick Vallance Prof Veronica van Heyningen

Prof Gert-Jan van Ommen Prof Duncan Vere The Revd Bryan Vernon Dr Roger Verrier Jones

111 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Marcos Vidal Dr Glyn Volans Prof Owen Wade Dr Milton Wainwright

Prof Henning Walczak Prof Leslie Walker Mr Patrick Walker Prof John Walker-Smith

Mr Mike Wall Dr Susan Wallace Prof David Wallis Prof Dafydd Walters

Dr Heather Walton Lord (John) Walton Mr Humphry Ward Mrs Jenny Warren

112 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Elizabeth Warrington Prof Estlin Waters Miss Pamela Waterworth Prof Sir David Weatherall

Dr Mark Weatherall Prof Miles Weatheral Prof Lawrence Weaver Prof David Webb

Prof Kevin Webb Dr Jean Weddell Prof Bee Wee Mr Clifford Welch

Prof Kaye Wellings Mr John Wells Prof Peter Wells Prof John West

113 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Brian Wharton Dr David Wheatley Mr Victor Wheble Mr Steven White

Prof Roger Whitehead Dr Tony Whittingham Prof John Widdicombe Dr Peter Wilkinson

Dr Michael Wilks Dr Eric Will Dr Anthony Williams Mr David Williams

Mr John Williams Prof Martin Williams Dr Peter Williams Prof Peter Williams

114 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Prof Richard Williams Prof Robert Williams Mrs Sally Williams Mrs Wendy Williams

Dr James Willocks Prof David Wilson Dr Eve Wiltshaw Dr Margaret Wolfendale

Prof Heinz Wolff Prof Sir Martin Wood Prof Ciaran Woodman Prof John Woodrow

Prof Abigail Woods Prof Frank Woods Dr James (Jim) Woody Prof Neville Woolf

115 Makers of Modern Biomedicine: A Register

Dr Michael Woolridge Dr David Wright Mr Mick Wright Prof B Michael Wroblewski

Prof Oliver Wrong Dr John Wynn-Jones Prof John Yates Prof Maureen Young

Prof John S Yudkin Prof Doris Zallen Dr Luke Zander

116