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Republic of Poland
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF POLAND PRE-TERM PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 21 October 2007 OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report Warsaw 20 March 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................. 2 III. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................... 2 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................ 3 A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................3 B. ELECTORAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................................4 C. SUFFRAGE AND CANDIDACY ELIGIBILITY ...............................................................................5 D. COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS......................................................................................................6 E. OBSERVERS ...............................................................................................................................7 V. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION............................................................................................. 7 A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................7 -
Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Module 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS - MODULE 3 (2006-2011) CODEBOOK: APPENDICES Original CSES file name: cses2_codebook_part3_appendices.txt (Version: Full Release - December 15, 2015) GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences Publication (pdf-version, December 2015) ============================================================================================= COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (CSES) - MODULE 3 (2006-2011) CODEBOOK: APPENDICES APPENDIX I: PARTIES AND LEADERS APPENDIX II: PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS FULL RELEASE - DECEMBER 15, 2015 VERSION CSES Secretariat www.cses.org =========================================================================== HOW TO CITE THE STUDY: The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (www.cses.org). CSES MODULE 3 FULL RELEASE [dataset]. December 15, 2015 version. doi:10.7804/cses.module3.2015-12-15 These materials are based on work supported by the American National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) under grant numbers SES-0451598 , SES-0817701, and SES-1154687, the GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Michigan, in-kind support of participating election studies, the many organizations that sponsor planning meetings and conferences, and the many organizations that fund election studies by CSES collaborators. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations. =========================================================================== IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING FULL RELEASES: This dataset and all accompanying documentation is the "Full Release" of CSES Module 3 (2006-2011). Users of the Final Release may wish to monitor the errata for CSES Module 3 on the CSES website, to check for known errors which may impact their analyses. To view errata for CSES Module 3, go to the Data Center on the CSES website, navigate to the CSES Module 3 download page, and click on the Errata link in the gray box to the right of the page. -
POLISH INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING, 1976-1989 a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate Scho
MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD: POLISH INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING, 1976-1989 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. By Siobhan K. Doucette, M.A. Washington, DC April 11, 2013 Copyright 2013 by Siobhan K. Doucette All Rights Reserved ii MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD: POLISH INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING, 1976-1989 Siobhan K. Doucette, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrzej S. Kamiński, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes the rapid growth of Polish independent publishing between 1976 and 1989, examining the ways in which publications were produced as well as their content. Widespread, long-lasting independent publishing efforts were first produced by individuals connected to the democratic opposition; particularly those associated with KOR and ROPCiO. Independent publishing expanded dramatically during the Solidarity-era when most publications were linked to Solidarity, Rural Solidarity or NZS. By the mid-1980s, independent publishing obtained new levels of pluralism and diversity as publications were produced through a bevy of independent social milieus across every segment of society. Between 1976 and 1989, thousands of independent titles were produced in Poland. Rather than employing samizdat printing techniques, independent publishers relied on printing machines which allowed for independent publication print-runs in the thousands and even tens of thousands, placing Polish independent publishing on an incomparably greater scale than in any other country in the Communist bloc. By breaking through social atomization and linking up individuals and milieus across class, geographic and political divides, independent publications became the backbone of the opposition; distribution networks provided the organizational structure for the Polish underground. -
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION in POLAND 10Th May 2015
On 10th May next the Poles will be going to ballot in the first round of the presidential election. If none of the 11 candidates running manages to win an absolute majority a second round will be organised two weeks later - on 24th May. The main opposition party, Law and Justice (PiS) criticised the dates chosen for the election – indeed the first round will take place two days after the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War (an international ceremony is being organised in Gdansk on 8th May together with outgoing head of State Bronislaw Komorowski (Civic Platform, PO)). This presidential election is of special importance outgoing head of State; in view of the parliamentary elections that will – Andrzej Duda (Law and Justice, PiS), MEP; take place in Poland in October next. The election – Magdalena Ogorek, supported by the Democratic campaign will start just after the appointment of Left Alliance (SLD), historian (specialist of the President of the Republic. the history of the Catholic Church), journalist and actress. She has also worked for various According to the polls outgoing head of State institutions including the Polish Central Bank; Bronislaw Komorowski is due to be elected for – Janusz Palikot (Your Movement, TR), a liberal, a second mandate in May. The most recent poll anti-Church businessman elected MP during the by IBRiS for the daily Rzeczpospolita, published last general election on 9th October 2011, a on 30th March last credited him with 41% of the mandate from which he has since resigned; vote in the first round ahead of Andrzej Duda (Law – Adam Jarubas (People’s Party,PSL), Vice- and Justice, PiS), who is due to win 27% of the President and Governor (President of the Region) vote. -
06 Moroska:Layout Tud.Qxd
www.ssoar.info Two faces of Polish populism: the causes of the success and fall of Self Defence and the League of Polish Families Moroska, Aleksandra; Zuba, Krzysztof Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: Hannah-Arendt-Institut für Totalitarismusforschung e.V. an der TU Dresden Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Moroska, A., & Zuba, K. (2010). Two faces of Polish populism: the causes of the success and fall of Self Defence and the League of Polish Families. Totalitarismus und Demokratie, 7(1), 123-147. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-321806 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. -
Divided by the Rainbow: Culture War and Diffusion of Paleoconservative Values in Contemporary Poland
religions Article Divided by the Rainbow: Culture War and Diffusion of Paleoconservative Values in Contemporary Poland Ryszard Bobrowicz 1,* and Mattias Nowak 2 1 Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden 2 European Studies, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Over the last decade, representations of the rainbow were repeatedly disputed in Poland, revealing the country’s ongoing socio-political changes and its drift away from the generally liberal and secular values of the European mainstream. These cases show a political growth and an increas- ing social diffusion of Polish ‘national paleoconservatism.’ The aim of this article is to (1) discuss the intellectual roots of this distinct form of conservatism built upon the confrontational notions of national identity, patriotism, and Catholicism; (2) propose a novel concept in the studies of Polish politics (‘national paleoconservatism’); and (3) present the social diffusion of such conservatism based on conflicts over representations of the rainbow. By combining the historical and intellectual background with the contemporary case studies, the authors aim to facilitate a deeper understanding of the vitality of national conservative ideas among internationally unknown conservative intel- lectuals, who participate in a discursive ‘culture war’ against their liberal, progressive and secular opponents in present-day Poland. The ideological conflicts revolve around the meaning of Polish national identity, the essential character of the country’s culture, and the position of Poland within Citation: Bobrowicz, Ryszard, and the framework of European integration. Mattias Nowak. 2021. Divided by the Rainbow: Culture War and Diffusion Keywords: Poland; culture war; rainbow; LGBTQ+; conservatism; paleoconservatism; Law and of Paleoconservative Values in Justice; Roman Catholicism; public sphere Contemporary Poland. -
Europe As a Symbolic Resource Working Paper
Working Paper Europe as a Symbolic Resource On the Discursive Space of Political Struggles in Poland Artur Lipiński No. 10 | January 2010 2 | KFG Working Paper No. 10 | January 2010 KFG Working Paper Series Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe „The Transformative Power of Europe“ The KFG Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of the Kolleg-Forschergruppe by making them available to a broader public. It means to enhance academic exchange as well as to strengthen and broaden existing basic research on internal and external diffusion processes in Europe and the European Union. All KFG Working Papers are available on the KFG website at www.transformeurope.eu or can be ordered in print via email to [email protected]. Copyright for this issue: Artur Lipiński Editorial assistance and production: Farina Ahäuser Lipiński, Artur 2010: Europe as a Symbolic Resource. On the Discursive Space of Political Struggles in Poland, KFG Working Paper Series, No. 10, January 2010, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) „The Transformative Power of Europe“, Freie Universität Berlin. ISSN 1868-6834 (Print) ISSN 1868-7601 (Internet) This publication has been funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Freie Universität Berlin Kolleg-Forschergruppe „The Transformative Power of Europe: The European Union and the Diffusion of Ideas“ Ihnestr. 26 14195 Berlin Germany Phone: +49 (0)30- 838 57033 Fax: +49 (0)30- 838 57096 [email protected] www.transformeurope.eu Europe as a Symbolic Resource | 3 Europe as a Symbolic Resource On the Discursive Space of Political Struggles in Poland Artur Lipiński Freie Universität Berlin Abstract The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the structure of discursive positions pertaining to the relationship between Poland and the European Union (EU). -
Małgorzata Kamola-Cieślik the Economic Policies of Candidates Running for the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland in 2010
Małgorzata Kamola-Cieślik The economic policies of candidates running for the office of the President of the Republic of Poland in 2010 The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies nr 1 (1), 144-155 2012 The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies 2012, No. 1 (1) ISSN 2299-4335 Małgorzata Kamola-Cieślik University of Szczecin, Poland THE ECONOMIC POLICIES OF CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN 2010 ABSTRACT STRESZCZENIE The article presents the principles of Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie zało- economic policy of candidates in the 2010 żeń polityki gospodarczej kandydatów na presidential elections in Poland. It shows urząd Prezydenta w wyborach roku 2010 both differences as well as similarities in w Polsce. Prezentuje zarówno różnice, jak the approaches to various economic issues i podobieństwa w podejściach poszczegól- of the candidates running for election. nych kandydatów do kwestii związanych It tries to give an answer which of the z gospodarką. Stara się odpowiedzieć na campaign promises caused an increase pytanie, które z obietnic przyczyniły się in endorsement from the electorate and do zwiększenia poparcia dla danego po- which led to a conflict. The text describes lityka, a które stały się zarzewiem kon- the candidates’ solutions to economic fliktu. Tekst nie tylko opisuje deklaracje issues and also presents their in-depth kandydatów dotyczące rozwiązywania analysis. problemów gospodarczych, lecz również przedstawia wnikliwą ocenę owych pro- Key words pozycji. presidential elections in Poland in 2010, economic policy, healthcare system Słowa kluczowe reform, tax system, support wybory na urząd Prezydenta w roku of entrepreneurship 2010 w Polsce, polityka gospodarcza, reforma służby zdrowia, system podatkowy, rozwój przedsiębiorczości The Economic Policies of Candidates Running for the Office… 145 On 21 April 2010, the Marshall of the Polish Sejm, Mr. -
Wybory Na Urząd Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 2010
Biuro Krajowej Rady Radiofonii i Telewizji KRAJOWA RADA RADIOFONII I TELEWIZJI Departament Reklamy WYBORY NA URZĄD PREZYDENTA RZECZPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ 2010 INFORMACJA O WYDATKACH I WYKORZYSTANIU CZASU NA EMISJĘ PŁATNYCH AUDYCJI WYBORCZYCH W RADIU I TELEWIZJI. ANALIZA BIURA KRRiT Informacja o wydatkach i wykorzystaniu czasu na emisję płatnych audycji wyborczych w radiu i telewizji opracowana została w Departamencie Reklamy Biura Krajowej Rady Radiofonii i Telewizji na podstawie analizy danych przesłanych przez nadawców radiowych i telewizyjnych. Płatne audycje wyborcze w kampanii wyborczej na Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej emitowane były w następujących programach ogólnopolskich: radiowych: − Polskiego Radia Program I − Polskiego Radia Program III − Radia RMF FM telewizyjnych: − Program 1 TVP − Program 2 TVP − Program TVP INFO − Telewizja POLSAT − Telewizja TVN − Telewizja TVN 24 Ponadto w II turze wyborów wyemitowane zostały płatne audycje wyborcze w lokalnym radiu PLANETA 99,6 FM Konin. Kampania wyborcza na urząd Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej rozpoczęła się w dniu 21 kwietnia 2010r. (dzień ogłoszenia postanowienia Marszałka Sejmu o wyborach). Niezależnie od czasu przyznanego na rozpowszechnianie nieodpłatnych audycji wyborczych każdy komitet mógł, wyłącznie w okresie od 15 dnia przed dniem wyborów do dnia zakończenia kampanii wyborczej (od godz. 000 dnia 5 czerwca 2010 r. do godz. 2400 dnia 18 czerwca 2010 r.) odpłatnie rozpowszechniać audycje wyborcze w programach publicznych i niepublicznych nadawców radiowych i telewizyjnych. Łączny czas rozpowszechniania odpłatnie audycji wyborczych nie może przekraczać 15% łącznego czasu przyznanego danemu komitetowi na rozpowszechniania nieodpłatnie audycji wyborczych (art. 83a ust.1 ustawy z dnia 27 września 1990 r. o wyborze Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej). Kampania wyborcza na urząd Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 2010 r. odbyła się w dwóch turach. -
From Protest to Party the Transformation of Anti-Communist Opposition Movements in East-Central Europe
From Protest to Party The Transformation of Anti-Communist Opposition Movements in East-Central Europe by Victor Gomez A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Victor Gomez 2014 ii From Protest to Party: The Transformation of Anti- Communist Opposition Movements in East-Central Europe Victor Gomez Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2014 Abstract Viable and stable political parties are a key element for the establishment of healthy democracies in post-authoritarian countries. In that sense, the study of why some countries have greater difficulties than others in this regard is an important gauge of the quality of democracy in various polities. My paper is based on a comparison of these issues in Poland and Hungary. Why did some of the anti-communist opposition movements spend years going through repeated rounds of fragmentation producing weak parties, while others were able to produce relatively stable parties early on in the transition to party-based competition? While the literature tends to attribute such differences to electoral systems or social cleavages, this paper argues that the historical regime divide between the former communist party and the former anti-communist opposition as well as the extent to which the ex-communist party was able to compete in the new system had a crucial impact on this question. The deeper the regime divide, the more difficult it proved for the anti-communist opposition movements to produce stable parties if the communist party was able to become an effective player in the new democratic system. -
Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
POLAND European Elections monitor Presidential Election in Poland 20th June and 4th July 2010 ANALYSIS On 10th April Bronislaw Komorowski, President of the Sejm, the lower Chamber of the Parliament 1 month before was appointed interim President of the Republic after the accidental death of the Head of State the poll Lech Kaczynski (Law and Justic, PiS). The latter was elected on 23rd October 2005 as head of Poland beating present Prime Minister Donald Tusk (Civic Platform, PO) with 54.47% against 45.53% of the vote. Lech Kaczynski would undoubtedly have stood for election again in the next presidential election which was planned for the autumn of this year. During the morning of 10th April the latter together with his wife, Maria, and 96 other people died when the plane in which they were travelling crashed in Petchorsk in the region of Smolensk (Russia) probably because of thick fog which made landing difficult. The presidential delegation was travelling to Katyn to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the execution of 22,000 Polish officers by the Soviet Secret Services – a crime that was attributed to the Nazis in the official history books before USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev acknowledged in 1990 that the crime was his country’s responsibility. 70 years after this terrible crime Katyn has once more been set down in Polish history as a doomed place. Within the space of an instant Poland was decapita- candidate in the presidential election, Vice-President ted. Apart from its President it also lost its Deputy of the Sejm, Jerzy Szmajdzinski. Foreign Minister, Andrzej Kremer, Culture Minister To- With his death Lech Kaczynski, who was a controver- masz Merta, Defence Minister, Jerzy Komorowski, the sial, conservative, anti-liberal, euro-sceptic persona- governor of the Polish Central Bank Slawomir Skrz- lity who had a difficult relationship with his Russian pek, former Head of State in exile in London during and German neighbours, became a martyr in just a the Communist era, Ryszard Kaczorowski, Vice-Pre- few hours. -
An-Ethos-Theory of Party Positions on European Integration
An-Ethos-Theory of Party Positions on European Integration: A Polish Case Study Submitted by Madalena Pontes Meyer Resende* Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2004 ‘ Financial support from Sub-Programa Ciencia e Tecnologia do 2° Quadra Comunitario de Apoio, Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal and from Fundagao Calouste Gulbenkian, Programa de Educagao e Bolsas, Portugal, is gratefully acknowledged. UMI Number: U215425 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215425 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 British UDraty ot Political and Economic Science /t>ZZo 32. Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATURES.................................................................................................9 CHAPTER I THE WIDER SETTING................................................................................. 11 Resea rc h q u e s t io n.................................................................................................................................