Die Göttin Ninegal/B¶Let-Ekallim Nach Den Altorientalischen Quellen Des 3

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Die Göttin Ninegal/B¶Let-Ekallim Nach Den Altorientalischen Quellen Des 3 Die Göttin Ninegal/B¶let-ekallim nach den altorientalischen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jt. v. Chr. mit einer Zusammenfassung der hethitischen Belegstellen sowie der des 1.Jt. v. Chr. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät I der Julius-Maximilians-Universität zu Würzburg Vorgelegt von Geetµ De Clercq aus Antwerpen 2003 I II Erstgutachter: Professor Dr. Gernot Wilhelm Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Josef Bauer Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14. Mai 2004 II I VORWORT..............................................................................................................................................1 VORBEMERKUNGEN...........................................................................................................................3 I EINFÜHRUNG: PROBLEMATIK UND METHODIK..................................................................5 1 Die Gattung der 'Göttermonographie'...........................................................................................5 2 Problematik und Methodik bei der Untersuchung der Ninegal/B¶let-ekallim .............................7 II DIE GÖTTERGESTALT.................................................................................................................8 1 Etymologie und Schreibweisen ....................................................................................................8 1.1 Die Etymologie des Namens Ninegal/B¶let-ekallim............................................................8 1.2 Die Schreibweisen des Göttinnennamens.............................................................................8 1.2.1 Der selbständige Göttinnenname..................................................................................8 1.2.2 Die Verwendung des Namens im Onomastikon...........................................................9 2 Götterlisten und Genealogie .......................................................................................................15 2.1 Die Götterlisten mit Ninegal...............................................................................................15 2.1.1 Die Fµra-Liste.............................................................................................................15 2.1.2 Die 'Weidner-Liste'.....................................................................................................16 2.1.3 Die 'Nippur-Götterliste' ..............................................................................................18 2.1.4 Die 'Genouillac-Liste' .................................................................................................19 2.1.5 Die große Götterliste AN-Anum ................................................................................19 2.1.6 Die Götterlisten aus Mari, Emar und Ugarit...............................................................20 2.1.7 Eine späte Götterliste aus Sultantepe..........................................................................21 2.2 Die anderen Götterreihungen mit Ninegal..........................................................................22 2.2.1 Die neuassyrischen Götterreihen mit B¶lat-ekallim ...................................................22 2.2.1.1 Das 'Götteradressbuch'............................................................................................22 2.2.1.2 Der Tµkultu-Text ....................................................................................................24 2.2.1.3 B¶lat-ekallim in BM 121206 ..................................................................................25 2.2.1.4 Die 'synkretistische' Götterliste KAV 154..............................................................26 2.2.2 Die Šurpu-Beschwörung.............................................................................................26 2.2.3 Die Syllabare ..............................................................................................................27 2.2.4 Die Schultafeln ...........................................................................................................28 2.3 Die Genealogie der Göttin..................................................................................................29 III UNTERSUCHUNG NACH HISTORISCHEN PERIODEN GETRENNT...............................30 1 3. Jahrtausend bis zur ausgehenden Ur III-Zeit..........................................................................30 1.1 Die Frühdynastische Zeit (2600-2340 v. Ch.) ....................................................................30 1.2 Die altakkadische Zeit (2340-2150 v. Chr.) .......................................................................30 1.3 Die Ur III-Zeit (2112-2004 v. Chr.) ...................................................................................32 1.3.1 Gudea von Lagaš ........................................................................................................32 1.3.2 Die neusumerischen Belege des Ur III-Reiches .........................................................33 I II 1.3.2.1 Der Kult der Ninegal ..............................................................................................33 1.3.2.1.1 Die Tempel der Göttin......................................................................................34 1.3.2.1.2 Die Verehrung im Palast ..................................................................................38 1.3.2.1.3 Der Totenkult ...................................................................................................41 1.3.2.1.4 Das Personal des Heiligtums............................................................................42 1.3.2.1.5 Die Teilnahme der Ninegal an den Mondfeiertagen ........................................44 1.3.2.1.6 Der Kult am Heiligtum.....................................................................................46 1.3.2.1.7 Andere der Ninegal zugeordnete Lokalitäten...................................................47 1.3.2.2 Stellung und Bedeutung der Ninegal im Ur III-Reich............................................49 1.3.2.2.1 Die Position der Ninegal in Rationenlisten ......................................................49 1.3.2.2.2 Die Position der Ninegal in größeren Götterreihungen....................................51 1.3.2.3 Bemerkungen zur persönlichen Frömmigkeit ........................................................52 1.3.2.4 Die Verehrung der Ninegal in den Grenzgebieten des Ur III-Reiches: Elam.........53 1.3.2.4.1 Die Belegstellen aus Susa ................................................................................53 1.3.2.4.2 Eine Belegstelle aus Tschoga Zambil ..............................................................55 1.4 Die literarischen Texte in sumerischer Sprache .................................................................56 1.4.1 Ninegal in den Königshymnen Šulgis von Ur ............................................................56 1.4.2 Inanna und Iddindagan ...............................................................................................58 1.4.3 Inanna und Išmedagan................................................................................................61 1.4.4 Ninegal in den Liebesliedern über Dumuzi und Inanna .............................................62 1.4.4.1 Inanna und Dumuzi I, P, C1 und M ........................................................................62 1.4.4.2 Der 'Manchester Tammuz'......................................................................................67 1.4.4.3 Ninegal in BM 88318 .............................................................................................68 1.4.4.4 Ninegal in TMH NF 4 85 .......................................................................................69 1.4.5 Ninegal in Götterliedern .............................................................................................69 1.4.5.1 Die Ninegalla-Hymne.............................................................................................69 1.4.5.2 Die Nungal-Hymne.................................................................................................73 1.4.6 Ninegal im Gilgameš-Epos: Gilgameš und der Himmelsstier....................................77 2 2. Jahrtausend bis 1150 v. Chr....................................................................................................78 2.1 Die altassyrische Zeit (2000-1800 v. Chr.).........................................................................78 2.1.1 Kult der B¶lat-ekallim ................................................................................................78 2.1.2 Der Monatsname ara¨B¶lat-ekallim .............................................................................79 2.2 Die altbabylonische Zeit (1894-1595 v Chr.).....................................................................80 2.2.1 Mesopotamien und die Randgebiete...........................................................................81 2.2.1.1 Kult der B¶let-ekallim ............................................................................................81 2.2.1.2 B¶let-ekallim im privaten Kult...............................................................................89 2.2.2 Das Gebiet des Mittleren Euphrat: Mari (1810-1760 v. Chr.)....................................91 II III 2.2.2.1 Der Kult der B¶let-ekallim in Mari: ein Palastkult.................................................92 2.2.2.1.1 Das Heiligtum der B¶let-ekallim......................................................................92 2.2.2.1.2 Weitere
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