The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for March 1965 Publisher, James F

THE AMERICAN

LEGIONMAGAZINE 2 O c • M A RC H 19 6 5 WHAT DO THE "EMERGING NATIOI\IS"WANT FROM US?

EIGHTY U.N. COUNTRIES SEEK GUARANTEED PROSPERITY

FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD by Jeff Endrst

THE GREAT FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY by John Thomas

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The American

MARCH 19G5

Volume 78, Number 3

POSTMASTER: LEGION Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for March 1965 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin Assistant Editor John Andreola THE SLASH IN VETERANS* SERVICES 2 Art Editor BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DONALD E. JOHNSON Al Marshall Without warning, VA announced the closing oj Associate Editors Roy Miller 11 hospitals. 16 regional offices and four James S. Swartz soldiers homes. Here's what it means. Production Manager Art Bretzfield Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF THE MOON? 8 Circulation Manager BY ISAAC AS1MOV Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Man is going to the moon, probably by 1969. Then more Advertising Director are going. passage, men Before you book your own Robert P. Redden here's an planet expert. introduction to our twin by an Chicago-Detroit Sales Office Bart J. Burns 35 East Wacker Drive Chicago, 111. 60601 WHAT DO THE "EMERGING NATIONS" WANT FROM US? ...12 CEntral 6-2401 BY JEFF ENDRST It used to be a piecemeal story, but now a majority CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Box of the United Nations members have presented their Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Offii e demands on the industrial nations in one package. Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses and currenl membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. THE GREAT FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY 16 BY JOHN THOMAS The American Legion After 20 years, the sparks are still flying Publications Commission: in the matter of saving children's teeth by Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa (Chairman) Adolph F. Bremer, Hinona, putting fluorides in public water supplies. ; Minn. (Vice Chairman) ; Lang Armstrong, Spohme, U ash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting ton, W. Va.; John Cicero, Swoyerville, Pa.; E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Fla.; Clovis Cope- MONTANA'S CUSTER BATTLEFIELD 19 land, Little Rock, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- BY ALDEN STEVENS ingtown, Pa. Ra> tnond Fields, Gu) rnon Ukta. Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George I».

A travel article for today's motorists about the Levy, Sumter, S. C. ; Howard E. Lohman, place where Custer's men were wiped out to the Moorhead, Minn.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H. last man. Ninth in the series "Seeing Historic America." Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert M itchier, Oswego, III.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.;

Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind. : Benjamin B. THE FIRST AIRMAN ACROSS AMERICA 20 Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, BY TOM MAHONEY Dadeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, Armonk, A . 1 . ( Consultant) In only 49 days, C. P. Rodgers successfully flew a plane from New York to the Pacific shore. The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright SHOULD THE PEACETIME DRAFT BE ABOLISHED? 24 1965 by The American Legion. Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single ropy, 20 cents yearly subscription, $2.00. TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION ; Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir PRO : SEN. GAYLORD NELSON (D-WIS.) dilation Department of The American Legion, CON SEN. ROBERT C. BYRD (D-W.VA.) P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 16206 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by Cover photograph produced by RICHARD BEATTIE The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Donald E. Johnson, National Commander. Departments

EDITOR'S CORNER 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION . 29 Publisher's Representatives DATELINE WASHINGTON 6 BOOKS 38 West Coast Roney \ssor. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 7 PERSONAL 44 Arden E. & Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. ROD & GUN CLUB 26 LEGION SHOPPER 52 Northwest VETERANS NEWSLETTER 27 PARTING SHOTS 56 The Harlowe Co. Seattle, Wash. 98101

Southeast Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a seif-addressed, The Dawson Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material Miami, Fla. & Atlanta, Ga.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 1 FOR YOUR INFORMATION

The Slash in Veterans' Services

By NATIONAL COMMANDER

On January 13, the Veterans Administration ordered the Fort Harrison, the hospital nearest to Miles City, has been closing by June 30 of 11 hospitals, four domiciliary operating at, or near, its patient capacity. How many of the homes, and 16 regional offices. Detailed information about 1,000 patients treated at Miles City last year will find ac- the order and The American Legion's response are reported commodations there? How many will be within visiting range on pages 27 and 29 of this magazine. of their families? Who will provide or finance the transporta- The proposed cutback represents the most sweeping and tion required? least justifiable assault on the national system of veterans' Hospitals to be closed were selected on the basis of poor care since the Economy Act of 1933. If it stands, it will sig- physical condition and low patient demand, the VA ex- nal the end of the veterans' medical and hospital program plained. The explanation begs the facts. In at least three in- as we know it. stances—Rutland Heights, Mass.; Lincoln, Neb.; and Miles Unlike the Economy Act, which the Congress itself re- City—the hospitals operated at or near capacity in recent voked in a matter of months, this is not the work of national years, and their physical plants are currently rated "good" legislators who bear responsibility for veterans' laws. It is or "fair to good" by the VA itself. The Miles City VA hos- not the work of outside reformers such as those who staffed pital was brand new in 1951. the Hoover and Bradley Commissions. It is the work of a The advantage of affiliating veterans' hospitals with medi- small, strategically-placed band of career bureaucrats bent cal universities also was cited. Eighty-nine VA hospitals now on purging a meaningful veterans' benefits program in the have such affiliation. If this is a "must" for adequate per- name of dollar economies. formance, then the remaining 79 veterans facilities and nine

The axe raised by the VA on January 1 3 was made and out of ten of all private and public hospitals in the country sharpened in the U.S. Bureau of the Budget. ought to be closed.

For 20 years, through four changes of national adminis- The Congress time and again has made it clear that vet- trations, the Budget Bureau staff has chopped away at VA erans with non-service-connected ills and no way of paying requests for appropriations to finance vital services. Their for private hospitalization are fully entitled to VA care. anti-veteran bias is as subtle as it is arbitrary; they simply Repeated studies have shown that a vast majority of these set the next year's spending allowance below actual need and VA patients are in desperate financial straits. More than one- tell VA officials to cut services accordingly. half of them are receiving neuropsychiatric care. Are they The manner in which the January order was announced, fair game for economizers? and VA's subsequent efforts to justify it, leave little doubt The question applies with even more force to the proposed that the Budget Bureau experts were calling the shots. shutdown of four of the 18 VA domiciliary homes. These Members of Congress were not consulted—were not even supervised shelters, first authorized by the federal govern- informed of the decision until one hour before it was made ment in 1865, provide the bare necessities of life and inci- public. The American Legion and other veterans organiza- dental medical care for veterans disabled by age and illness. tions were neither consulted nor informed in advance. Some- With few exceptions, they have no family ties, no skills, no body wanted to be sure the deed was done without benefit hope of surviving alone. Their average income is $66 a of advice or protests from knowledgeable pro-veteran month, their average age 68. sources. As Senator Richard B. Russell of Georgia observed on the The VA described the order as a regrouping of services; Senate Floor: "The closing down (of domiciliaries) will fur- in fact, it would eliminate services due veterans under the nish a great deal of material for the War on Poverty, be- law. According to the published line, the move would permit cause these men do not own a thing on earth. ... It will more efficient, better quality operations; in fact, it will deny only add to the complexity of the problems which confront service altogether to some disabled and ill veterans, and add us in this country in dealing with distress, with poverty, and operating delays and confusion. It might result in annual those who are unable to help themselves." savings of $23.5 million, as the agency contends; it will exact It is said that the elimination of some 3,500 domiciliary an incalculable cost in both dollars and suffering from those beds will be offset in part by expanded Social Security cover- veterans and their dependents least able to bear it. age and the planned development of the VA's new nursing Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana, the Senate majority bed program. According to the most recent VA figures, less leader, protested in specifics on the Senate Floor. The Miles than 25 per cent of veterans in the domiciliary homes were

City General Hospital, one of the 1 1 slated to close, "serves eligible for Social Security income. The 4,000-bed nursing bed an immense, sparsely settled area, not only of my State, but program, 1 8 months after its initial authorization, boasts a of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming," he said. grand total of 46 beds. "With its closing, the distances which veterans in the region The wholesale closing of regional offices, like the hospital will have to travel for hospital care at the nearest veterans shutdown, would put more time and distance between the facility will be increased anywhere from 300 miles upward." veteran and the needed service. We know from experience

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 FRANKFORT. KENTUCKY STRAIGHT KENTUCKY BOURBON WHISKY • 86 PROOF* i ANCIENT AGE DIST that the best way to present a question or case is person-to-person, files in hand, at the local VA office. After June 30, the "local" office serving Juneau, Alaska, will be Seattle—2,000 round-trip miles away. For residents of eight states, doing business with VA will mean crossing state lines. Their communications problem is apt to be further aggravated by differences in pertinent state laws and procedures. Laws affecting questions of guardianship, real estate contracts, dec- laration of competency and many other issues frequently vary in adjacent states.

On Jan. 28, I testified before the Sub- committee on Veterans Affairs of the Senate's larger committee on Labor and Public Welfare. It was clearly understood that the VA shutdown is an act not of the lawmakers but of the Admin-

istration, and if the facilities are to be saved an appeal should be made directly

to the President. On this, I testified as follows: "Previous witnesses have vigorously criticized the manner in which the closing order was announced and executed. No notice was given interested parties

so that their views could be . . . considered. The action was abrupt, requiring

phase-out within a few short months . . . The inadequacy of the reasons presented by the VA for closing, and the inconsid- erate manner in which the order was ef- fected, are completely inconsistent with the way in which the VA usually con-

ducts itself . . . These factors convince us that the responsibility to close the 31 installations rests not primarily with the Veterans Administration but with the ." Budget Bureau . . .

I noted that President Kennedy and the Congress had authorized, between them, 4,000 nursing care beds in the VA, over and above the regular medical beds, yet the Budget Bureau has required VA to use funds for the operation of nursing

care beds from its hospital budget.

The American Legion has thrown its entire resources into the battle for recon- sideration of the VA cutback. At this writing, powerful allies in both Houses Original and Authentic Ancient Age is the choice of knowing of Congress and among other veterans' Bourbon buyers. It's aged much longer than other leading organizations have joined us in the field. Bourbons, yet costs no more. And Ancient Age is dis- The all-important job now is to alert and Frankfort, Kentucky enlist the support of every individual who tilled and bottled in the famed consistently superb quality. can help head off this unjust and ill-con- distillery. . .your assurance of ceived plan. What can you do? First, get the facts.

Read the full story of the order, its im-

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 Americans will think that some of the as a vicious outfit doing an unprincipled proposals are at once outrageous, naive thing, we decided we'd like to pass along EDITOR'S and unreal. the thoughts we expressed on why there If you consider what would be neces- are lobbies in our letter to Marsha. We —CORNER sary to carry them out nothing becomes quote in part: that more obvious than they would require "Lobbying is part of the American sys- the United States to destroy CAN PROSPERITY BE GUARANTEED? the private tem of government. The people elect enterprise system. The plan could not be representatives, and that means, of course, page 12 is an article "What Do the ON carried out without such socialistic con- that the Congressmen Emerging Nations Want From Us?" by are supposed to trols of our own economy as would de- represent the people. How do the Jeff Endrst. Endrst, originally a Czecho- Con- stroy the individual drive and energy that gressmen slovakia^ where he was Prague corre- know what the people are in- produces the wealth that the Third World terested in? Lobbies tell them. spondent for a U.S. press service, is Each lobby wants us to share with them. speaks presently a special correspondent to the just for its own interests. The Yet some of the 79 Third World nations United Nations in New York, and a U.S. Congressman, being approached by all the are friendly to us and very much dedicated citizen. Mr. Endrst points up the fact that lobbies and knowing who they are, gets to democracy and private enterprise. Not the world's tropical and subtropical na- from them a very clear picture of what a few of their leaders privately admit that tions, which are commonly referred to as the various groups want. No Congress- one of their greatest problems is to get "undeveloped" or "emerging" nations, man could be expected to go out and find their own people to develop the drive, form a solid bloc on many matters in the this out for himself—it is just more than initiative, energy and willingness to work UN and outvote the rest of the UN by a Congressman could do. hard which, above all, is a keystone to 79 to 35 since Indonesia went through "Why does The American Legion national prosperity. with her threat to withdraw. lobby? you ask. The American Legion is it should be noted that while all 79 The article discusses their UN plan to So the major organization interested in the have along with the idea that the rest develop their economies with artificial gone welfare of the nation's war veterans. In of the world should guarantee their pros- trade and industrial supports and guaran- addition, it has staked out for itself an perity—and will probably make this offi- tees from the rest of the world. As a interest in just about everything that is cial UN policy—the leadership is provided powerful UN voting bloc that is neither for the general welfare of the United by a nucleus of the most aggressive of the East nor West, these nations are now nick- States. This is a very broad field. Unlike 79. These include Afghanistan, Burundi, named "the Third World." For readers most lobbies, it deals with the good of the Cambodia, Ceylon, Congo (Brazzaville), who like to count noses, here is a break- country rather than the personal interests Cuba, Cyprus, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, down of the UN General Assembly mem- of our -members. We are interested in Mali, Malawi, Pakistan, Panama, Somalia, bers when split into "Third World" and education, national security, the welfare Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, United "Rest of the World" camps. How many of children, employment, care of the aged, of them can you locate? In this break- Arab Republic, Yemen and Zambia. Most etc. If this seems strange—it really isn't. down, the communist and non-communist of these are new countries, with little ex- "In going to war we were asked to offer industrial nations are in one camp. perience in self government. By and large, our lives for the preservation of America, the more experienced the country the less and nothing was more natural for a soldier Third World it believes that prosperity is as simple as than to say to himself: If America is worth of the World envisions it Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Bol- the plan Third dying for in war, its welfare is worth work- to be. ivia, Brazil, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, ing for in peace—and if it isn't, then it was Cameroon, Central African Republic, Finally, readers may wonder what hap- wrong to send us out to risk death for it. Ceylon, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo pens when the plan is adopted by a major- "So, of course, we have a lobby to make (Brazzaville), Congo (Leopoldville), Costa ity vote in the UN. The answer: Nothing. known to Congress the laws that we would Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dahomey, Domin- To the degree that the plan is naive it like to see enacted, or opposed, for the ican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, will do further damage to the reputation good of the nation, just as our lobby also Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana. Guatemala, of the United Nations. makes known to Congress the laws that Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, To the degree that it offends public we want enacted, or opposed, for the wel- Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, opinion in countries like the United States fare of the nation's war veterans. Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, it will tend to hurt the Third World by Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Ma- increasing popular resistance to such pro- "Just about everybody is represented by teachers lobby lawi, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moroc- grams as U.S. foreign aid. one or more lobbies. The through their organization, the National co, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, And to the degree that it wastes time Education Association. Nearly all laborers Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, chasing rainbows, it only postpones the have in their unions. Doctors have Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sene- opportunity of the Third World countries lobbies a lobby in The American Medical Associ- gal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, to move along with other nations in the ation, lawyers in The American Bar As- Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Toba- UN toward realistic solutions of their ter- manufacturers in The National go, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, rible economic problems. In no sense will sociation, United Arab Republic, Upper Volta, Uru- UN adoption of the plan require the in- Association of Manufacturers, farmers in guay, Venezuela, Yemen and Zambia. dustrial nations to take action. both the Grange and the National Farm Bureau." Rest of World THE "SINISTER" LOBBIES Right now, as you will read elsewhere in this issue, there has been a big cutback Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Marsha Ellis, a high school student in federal veterans' services, which is a Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Nationalist in Madison, Wisconsin, wrote us a harbinger of more to come if nobody vig- China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Fin- letter asking us to give her some informa- veterans. stake are land, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, tion on lobbying to help her prepare a orously represents At not just the details of the cutback, but two Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, school paper. We tried to tell her all about Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nor- lobbying that we knew, and found out that major questions of federal philosophy: veteran, claims are way, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, South it might take us three years to write the ( 1 ) Should a whose Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, Soviet letter, in view of the complexity of the based on services rendered, be subordi- Union, Great Britain, United States and subject and all that could be said about nated to the welfare level of those who

Yugoslavia. it. So we gave up and settled by answering ask without having rendered a service? just one question she asked: "Why does (2) Should veterans who live outside big Unreal The American Legion lobby?" metropolitan areas be given a second-class The Third World has voted as a solid As lobbying is viewed by some as a status because computers say they should? bloc that their prosperity be guaranteed vicious practice of unprincipled people, How can anyone, without a lobby, grapple along the lines discussed in Mr. Endrst's and as The American Legion is famous with bureaucracy on these broad issues? article. for its lobby, hence is sometimes viewed He can't. rbp

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ASSAULTS ON U.S. ABROAD. FOREIGN AID ON WANE. "RIGHT TO WORK" OUT? WASHINGTON Between mid-1962 and the end of 1964, the United PEOPLE AND QUOTES: States has suffered 51 assaults on its honor and de- struction of its property abro"ad. VIETNAM Disclosure of the detailed list, by Sen. Frank J. "We are in the middle of a Lausche (D-Ohio), has startled Members of Congress, es- tough battle with no immediate pecially since many of the incidents occurred in coun- end in sight. In such a case, tries which have been beneficiaries of U.S. bounty. you've got to believe you're not ." "Evidence shows that in some instances the law- going to be licked. . . U.S. enforcement officials of the countries in which the de- Ambassador to Vietnam Max- struction has occurred failed to take any action to well Taylor. protect the libraries, embassies, and other property of CONGO our Nation," Senator Lausche said .... He added, "When "It would be nothing less than we allow one abuse to go unchallenged, we give encour- tragedy for us to go and get in- agement to other similar abuses being perpetrated." volved in the Congo as we are in Viet-Nam. That would be Reaction in the 89th Congress to sheer ingratitude and a monument to poor statesman- downright hostility of some aid recipients makes it evi- ship." Sen. Richard Russell dent that the U. S. foreign aid program will underg o the (D-Ga.), Chairman, Senate sharpest Congressional scrutiny since the end of World Armed Services Committee. War 2 . . . Though President Johnson is asking less in AFTER KHRUSHCHEV foreign aid this year than he requested last year, it is "While we remain prepared still more than Congress granted last year. Congress, to resist pressure, we hope that apt to go in the same direction, is likely to grant the Soviet leadership will con- less than it did last year. tinue to see the wisdom of not Many Democrats and Republicans alike are fed up with forcing us to prove it." George the idea of helping and feeding emerging countries which C. McGhee, U.S. Ambassador to seem to spend most of their time undercutting U.S. West Germany. policy rather than cutting down their own economic problems. (See "What Do The Emerging Nations Want From Us?" DE GAULLE'S MOTIVES "France cannot be France on page 12. Congress, too, will take a close look at the United without greatness." Charles De Nations, one-third of whose funds are contributed by the Gaulle, president of France. United States . . . The African members of UN, who so AGREEMENTS often utilize the UN forum to mouth hate-U.S. propa- "The Soviets have violated ganda, contribute a mere 1.7% . . . Russia and the every agreement not in their Eastern European satellites together contribute about interest. And they will keep on one-fifth of the funds — except that the Soviet refuses doing it." Ex-Sec'y of State to pay for peace-keeping programs the USSR doesn't like. James F. Byrnes, at 85.

VICE PRESIDENT President Johnson' s State of the Union message to "The Vice President is just a

Congress , outlining his design for "The Great Society, waiting boy, waiting just in case provided something nice for just about every segment of something happens to the Pres- the United States . . . But there was something special ident." Former Vice President in the message for labor. John Nance Garner, at 96. In 1947, Congress revised the Taft-Hartley Labor Act THE NEW MATH so as to permit individual states to adopt, if they "Elementary schoolteachers wished, right-to-work laws, which are anathema to the have become so frightened by labor unions . . . Some 20 states have since passed the prospect of using esoteric legislation which in effect prohibits closed-shop con- mathematics they have lost all tracts . . . Labor has since tried to re-revise the common sense." Prof. Max Taft-Hartley Act so as to ban state right-to-work laws, Bohemian, Univ. of Illinois. but to no avail. In his opening speech to Congress, President Johnson MORE TROUBLE FOR DROPOUTS announced he would propose a change . . . With the "Most women want to marry President's backing, the unions are confident they can a man with a college education, regain their position . . . However, President Johnson, and realize that to get him they who is pushing a mighty big program in Congress, did not will need a college education say when he would propose the change —and Congress may themselves." Sen. Maurine B. have another point of view on this issue. Neuberger (D-Ore.).

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 mans that tried to explain why the "in- ferior enemy" was too much for him: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR "We do not have infantry with an out- spokenly aggressive spirit before us. . . . The Americans, British and Canadians don't advance until they believe they Letters published do not necessarily ex- Arlington National Cemetery prompted have smashed everything with bombs press the policy of The American Legion. me to forward you this obituary of the Keep letters short. Name and address must and heavy arms. . . . Our opponents con- be furnished. Expressions of opinion and last Wisconsin survivor of the sinking ." duct this war by the security method . . requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or of the Maine. Thomas J. Moore answered, due to lack magazine staff of for Raymond P. Haupt Bradenton, Fla. these purposes. Requests for personal services which may be legitimately asked of Manitowoc, Wise. The American Legion should be made to your Post Service Officer or your state THE OLD FARMER REVISITED (Department) American Legion Hq. Send George Fox, to whom Mr. Haupt refers, letters to the editor to: Letters. The sir: "The Old Farmer's occurred. Rediscovered Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- was 19 when the sinking He American Almanac" after reading Robb Sagen- nue. New York. N.Y. 10019. died at 86, on Dec. 27, 1964. dorph's article on it in the January issue. ARLINGTON PHONY PHONE CALLS I have not seen a copy of it since I was a youngster in Ohio over 50 years ago, sir: The January article on Arlington sir: Thank you for publishing Mr. where my grandfather always had a National Cemetery was one of the most Giese's article "Protect Your Home From copy on hand. enchanting of the many absorbing ones Invasion By Telephone" (January). It It took some hunting to find a copy of that regularly distinguish our magazine. helped me handle a long-distance phone the Almanac on newsstands here in The beautiful simplicity of author James solicitation the day after I read it. The San Francisco but when I did, I bought E. Mrazek's language and the photo- solicitor praised our restaurant. She three copies. Kept one for myself which graphic artistry of Angela Calomiris gave me exact information about our I'm enjoying immensely. combined nicely to make a truly de- restaurant, as it appears in our local lightful article. telephone directory advertisement. She Mr. Mrazek's article on Arlington was well illustrated. Arthur J. O'keefe proceeded to tell me that a listing (for also excellent and Albany, N.Y. $65.00) in their travel guide would reach Arthur G. Barnard Francisco, Calif. !/4 million people and that a recommen- San sir: Thank you for the interesting Janu- dation from them would assure me many ary issue, such as the vivid photos of new customers. Help! Help! Readers swamped us with Arlington National Cemetery. They Having your tips fresh in mind, I told orders for the 1965 "Old Farmer's Al- of Sagendorph's meant much to me, as I am sure they her to send me all the information in manac" as a result Mr. will for others who may never have writing and that I would contact her article—but we don't sell it. Normally, the opportunity to visit there. then if I were interested. She told me it's on newsstands all over the country. Marie P. Perdue that they were ready to print their di- If you can't find it, send 35^ to "Yankee, '65 Union Hall, Va. rectory and time would not allow for Inc., Dublin, N.H." and ask for the correspondence. I told her that I did not Almanac. sir: Your very worthwhile article on handle my advertising in this manner Arlington reminded me of a story told and I intended to be in business next THE YOUNGER GENERATION to Lewis, then year and if they were still interested me by Edward Mcllheny sir: I have just finished reading the to contact me earlier to give me sufficient with The American Legion Legislative National Commander's editorial entitled time to study their offer. Commission. He told me that in 1926 he "Our Amazing Youngsters" in my saw some people eating their lunches Thank you again for publishing this father's January issue. I am a senior while seated on the then-building informative report—for had I not read Tomb in high school and I do appreciate the it, receiving a long-distance call of that of the Unknown Soldier. He prepared National Commander's confidence in the a bill calling for a guard at the monu- nature surely would have put me off youth of today. I feel certain that our guard. ment and, after getting the Legion's sup- youth generally appreciate the aid that Bart Jordan port, arranged an appointment with Mrs. G. The American Legion and other youth Brownsville, Tex. President Coolidge. After giving the organizations have offered in the past President the details of the bill, Lewis and are still offering today. asked him to put it through Congress. NOT SURPRISED Beth Harris Coolidge answered, "Bill! I don't need sir: Your article on Noah Webster, the Bethel, Ohio a bill! I will issue an Executive Order!" dictionary writer, in the December issue, The guard was marching to and fro be- reminded me of a story told in the fore nightfall that day. The first guard Kansas City Star many years ago. As sir: My wife is an English teacher and was during daylight hours only, but, in the story goes, Mrs. Webster caught high school librarian. We read our copy July 1937, the 24-hour guard was placed Noah kissing the maid in the kitchen. of the Legion Magazine as soon as we and continues today. "Why, Noah!" she said. "I am surprised." receive it, then she takes it to the school other Robert P. Waters "There you go again," said Webster. library and files it with the magazines. Every month students make re- Falls Church, Va. "You are astonished. J am surprised." N. H. Olson ports on articles that they read in the It in priority demand for sir: Congratulations are in order for Kansas City, Mo. magazine. was the wonderful article on Arlington. This the article on the Electoral College in November. informational material is helpful to every WE CHEATED C. H. Salwaechter member of The American Legion. An sir: Just came across an old clipping in Alva, Okla. excellent article! my files from WW2 that is as amusing Joseph H. Hackett now as it was then. It quotes Hitler as Nat'l Chmn, complaining, "If we had an enemy of sir: In our community your magazine Graves Registration & high calibre, then I could approximately is used as reference by both high school Memorial Committee, figure out where he would attack. But students and students from our local The American Legion when one is confronted with military college. If it does no more than help to Providence, R.I. idiots, one cannot know where they will educate our young people it has served attack." a very worthy purpose. sir: The photo of the Battleship Maine It then quotes German Field Marshal Mrs. Carl Gensley Memorial in your splendid article about Von Kluge in a broadcast to the Ger- Oxford, Mich. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 7 -y- suppose mankind can't help taking the Moon for granted. It's always been up there, playing a very JL soft second fiddle to the glorious Sun. Its changes in phase, from new to full and back to new again, defined the original "month" and helped men devise the first calendars.

Its most marked physical effect on the Earth is its ability to lift the waters of the ocean toward itself. This produces the tides, which for many centuries men seemed to blame on everything but the Moon. What first Can When the telescope was invented, the heavenly object on which it was turned was the Moon. It became more than a shiny object; it became a world with mountains, craters and large, level regions that were called "seas." But additional telescopic studies soon made it plain that We Expect the level areas were not seas and that, indeed, there was no water to speak of on the Moon. No air, either. The Moon, astronomers came to believe, was a dead world; an unchanging world. It was without air and therefore without sound or weather. It was without water and of the therefore without life. As it was, so it had always been and so it would always be. . . . At least, that was the view put forward in the astronomy textbooks.

And now that the space age is upon us and we look forward to leaving the Earth, what must be the first target for our initial rickety steps outward? . . . Why, the Moon MOON? again. Shall we be disappointed? Are we to be bitter over the fact that billions must be spent, lives must be risked, incredible effort must be exerted—and for what? To land on The science and the romance a barren rock, a desert, the bare, bleached corpse of a world. And yet, we should not be disappointed at all. On the of man's future on Earth's twin contrary, we should thank the fate that seems to have designed the solar system for the express purpose of making astronauts happy. planet in terms that may be

Consider . . .

If the Moon is left out of account, the nearest bodies in to the Earth would be the two planets, Venus and Mars. commonplace half a century.

The former is never closer to us than 25 million miles, and the latter is never closer than 35 million miles.

To try . . . first time ... to place men on worlds so distant would be such a formidable undertaking that mankind By ISAAC ASIMOV might never be able to nerve itself to try. Fortunately, a body, the Moon, has been placed much closer to us. For the Moon is, on the average, only 237,000 miles away. It is a little less than 1/100 the distance of

Venus at its closest, a little less than 1/140 the distance of Mars at its closest. Its distance represents less than ten times the trip around the Earth at the equator. In 15 years of driving a car (and I do not drive a great deal) I have driven about 3/5 of the distance to the Moon. Astronomically speaking, the Moon is next door, ideally placed for even the most fumbling and primitive of space There is the first important reason for reaching the Moon. It is shots. Thus, it is less than eight years since mankind first probably the only way in which we can learn to take further placed an object into orbit about the Earth and already the steps and enter the space age in full force. Moon has been hit four times with unmanned vehicles. But though we might recognize the value of having the Moon

Reaching the Moon is exactly the exercise we need to where it is, ought we to be amazed about it? After all, the Moon develop our space muscles, to learn the proper techniques does exist and it is there. Why not accept it? of how to live in space and on alien worlds. With the The answer to that is that in studying the rest of the solar experience thus gained we will be able to learn how to system we cannot help but come to the conclusion that the Moon, reach the planets with far less difficulty than would have by rights, ought not to be there. The fact that it is, is one of those been our lot if we had tried to reach those same planets strokes of luck almost too good to believe. at one great bound. There are 31 satellites in the solar system and of these fully 28 are in the possession of but four of the planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These are giant planets, each of them Isaac Asimov, associate professor of biochemistry at much larger than the Earth. Their gravitational fields are immense and expect Boston University Medical School, is one of America's you would them to hold satellites in their grip. Jupiter, the largest planet, possesses 12 known satellites and top writers of science fact and fiction. Saturn, second largest, possesses nine.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 The small planets, such as Earth, with primarily the size of those satellites. make up only about 1/500,000,000 the weak gravitational fields, might well lack For instance, let's take a look at Jupi- mass of Mars. satellites. Pluto has no known satellites; ter's 12 satellites. Seven of them are tiny In general, then, when a planet does neither have Mercury and Venus. ( Venus things, a couple of dozen miles in diam- have satellites, those satellites are much is a particularly interesting case, for it is eter apiece. They are probably small smaller than the planet itself. Therefore, just about the size of the Earth, yet has chunks captured by giant Jupiter out of even if the Earth had a satellite, there no satellites. If mankind had evolved on the material of the asteroid belt that lies would be every reason to suspect (if we Venus instead of on the Earth, space between itself and Mars. An eighth satel- didn't happen to know better) that at travel might remain completely im- lite is only 100 miles through. The re- best it would be a tiny world, perhaps practical.) maining four, however, are large worlds, 30 miles in diameter.

Yet Earth, quite surprisingly, does with diameters of from nearly 2,000 But that is not so. Earth not only has a have a satellite—the Moon. miles to over 3,000. satellite, but it is a giant satellite, 2,160 But wait a bit. I haven't mentioned All of Jupiter's satellites put together, miles in diameter. There are only seven Mars. Mars, although only 1/ 10 as mas- however, are less than 1/5000 as massive such giant satellites in all the solar sys- sive as the Earth, has two satellites. What as Jupiter itself. Similarly, Mars has two tem. Monstrous Jupiter has four of them about that? satellites but both are tiny things, about and Saturn and Neptune have one each. Well, it's not just naving satellites. It's a dozen miles in diameter. Together, they (Continued on next page) THE AM IICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 9 CONTINUED You might wonder, then, why any- which will possess an air supply, a warm- thing more is needed. Why go to the ing unit, and other devices that will serve danger and expense of sending men? to make the small portion of the universe What Can Leave out of account that men will immediately next to the body safe and insist on going; that curiosity and the comfortable.

drive to brave the unknown are not to A greater danger is the Sun. It is as

be beaten down . . . and there is still the large and as bright, shining down upon We Expect fact that no instrument yet devised can the Moon, as upon the Earth. On the match the wonderful complexity of the Moon, however, there is no air to absorb human brain. the dangerous short-wave radiation. Sun- of the We don't know what surprises may shine on the Moon is therefore much be in store for us in those 14,600,000 richer in ultraviolet radiation and in square miles. We don't know what some X-rays than sunshine on Earth. Fortu-

odd corner hidden in the shadow of a nately, the explorer is not unprotected crater wall may reveal. Only the agile against radiation. Even the transparent MOON? brain can counted to his human be upon material of headpiece would be of a

Grumman's practice model of the vehicle that will Artist's projection of astronaut using special camera made by Westinghouse to drop from a satellite and land two men on moon. send TV pictures to earth of what earth looks like from moon. Time, about 1969.

Giant Uranus has none. How is it, then, meet all exploration surprises properly. composition that is opaque to the milder that tiny Earth has one? Amazing! Then, not all the aerial photographs types of energetic radiation. Cosmic rays

The Moon is 1/81 as massive as the can thoroughly reveal all the corners of are a greater problem and these might Earth. No other satellite anywhere is the Moon's vast surface. Even after we limit the amount of time an explorer nearly as large compared to the planet have landed on the Moon, it will take could spend in the open at any one clip. it circles, as the Moon is compared to decades to explore and map it thoroughly The Sun's heat is an ever-pressing the Earth. Indeed, the Moon and the and those will be exciting decades in- danger. The Moon is much hotter, in

Earth form a "double planet" system that deed for the brave men who will tramp spots, than the Earth is, because it rotates is unique in the solar system. the Moon. on its axis so slowly. It rotates once in There's the incredible luck we have. Is such exploration practical, though? 29 Vi days, which means that a particu- Not only does Earth possess a Moon to Won't we be throwing away the valuable lar spot on the Moon will experience a serve as our first steppingstone into lives of our young astronauts? two-week-long daylight period followed space, but it is a giant-size steppingstone Lunar exploration is practical. Dan- by a two-week-long nighttime period. that is infinitely more interesting and gerous, certainly, but in some ways not (We see the changing pattern of light useful than a small object the size of a as dangerous as the exploration of the and dark in the form of the phases of the Martian moon would be. Earth itself. The lunar explorers will Moon, which go through a complete The surface area of the Moon is not face hostile natives, or dangerous cycle in 29 ]/2 days.) 14,600,000 square miles, which is about animals, or deadly bacteria. There will During the two-week period of day- the area of Africa and Europe put to- be just the inanimate environment which, time, points on the Moon's equator gether. This is a lot of room to explore. however risky, offers dangers that can (which receive the most concentrated To be sure, lunar probes have already be pre-calculated. dose of sunlight) reach a temperature taken beautiful close-up photographs of First of all, the Moon is airless and a bit higher than the boiling point of the Moon, and more sophisticated ve- waterless, but then so is outer space water. It is better for an explorer not to hicles will be put in orbit around the generally. The lunar explorers will bring be at those points on the Moon's surface.

Moon to take similar photographs. water and air with them, as well as food Fortunately, it is easy to stay out of Robot devices might be landed on the and other necessities of life. They will direct sunlight on the Moon. Because of surface, to test and analyze it. be out in the open in a spacesuit the Moon's slow rotation, sunrise is very

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 General Electric's Missile and Space Division suggested this image of a human colony on the moon. Undoubtedly underground, moon's low gravity will permit design not possible on earth. Transport tubes connect parks, work domes, living quarters. slow and the explorer is never likely to be surprised by a burst of sunlight as the night suddenly ends. At the Moon's equator, the terminator (that is, the line separating day and night) moves westward at a rate of 9Vi miles an hour. This motion is even slower at points far removed from the equator. At 60° North or South Latitude on the Moon, the motion is less than five miles an hour. If the lunar explorer had any kind of vehicle at all, he could stay well ahead of the terminator, and never see the Sun at all, if he didn't want to.

Then, even if it were necessary to remain in the sun side, there would be numerous shadows because of the un- even terrain. Since there is no air on the Moon, heat is not carried by moving air currents from sunlit areas into the shadow. A lunar shadow is cold, no matter how hot the sun-drenched areas about it may be.

In the equatorial zone, shadows virtually disappear when the sun is high in Repair and maintenance can be done in space by moon-orbiting men and equip- (Continued on page 38) ment. This GE drawing is based on equipment already beyond the blueprint stage.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 1 —

seem to be having a night- Youmare. Now pending in the United Nations is a single plan In your dream (or is it a dream?) for you work in a U.S. auto assembly plant. redistributing the world's trade and industry, approved in In the middle of the day shift you are called to the desk of Mr. Smith, of the Geneva in 1964 by the solid vote ^emerging" nations. personnel office. of Smith: Sorry to say you're out of work. They look at it as a to guarantee their Production cutback. way prosperity.

You: How long is the layoff? Smith: It isn't a layoff. It's permanent. You: You're kidding. What did I do? Smith: You did nothing. It's just part of a United Nations plan to boost the world economy. You: Come again? Smith: Boost the world economy. Speed the development of the undeveloped nations, diversify them, increase their trade. You: Something's wrong. Spell that out. You're not boosting anything, you're firing me. Smith: Our country has guaranteed the sale of 250,000 Brazilian made cars here a year. European brand cars made in Brazil. It'll help Brazil build up an auto WHAT DO THE Emerging Nations 55

industry. First, we put up a heavy tariff against cars from Europe. Second, WANT FROM US ? American auto firms are to cut back production. Thus we have to let some of our people go. But you're young, so the gov- By JEFF ENDRST ernment'll train you for a job in another industry.

You: You can't do this to me. Wait'll side and the communists only had 35. They're saying my taxes aren't enough, you hear from the union! There was no stopping it. The idea is that they want my job too. That's not what Smith: Our company didn't order this the industrialized nations—like the U.S. the United Nations was for. Where does cutback, the government did. The gov- —will close out a large part of their our government get off telling you to cut ernment economist said a strike would industries, pay for building similar in- back production just because the UN be jake. It'd do the job faster same dustries in the 79 "undeveloped" coun- voted for it? They can't do it. Why don't cut back production even more than tries, then guarantee to buy what they you fight them in the Supreme Court? planned. Boost Brazilian sales here. make at a good price. It stands to reason The government doesn't tell people what You: Is everybody nuts? Why is our that we can't keep making better stuff business they can and can't go into in this government doing a fool thing like this? cheaper and still buy their products too country, or how much they can and can't Smith: Well, when Brazil first asked —so we have to close down a lot of our produce. for it, our country refused. But in 1964 businesses, and that means layoffs here. Smith: You're cheating. Don't forget, a United Nations Trade and Develop- You: It stands to reason that if you this is a nightmare. Stop being logical and ment Conference in Geneva recom- lay us off we aren't going to be buying get on with the show. The government mended that we encourage appropriate anything, let alone worse stuff at a higher will retrain you to work in another in- adjustments in our own economy in order price. dustry. What would you like to get into? to help developing countries diversify Smith: But I told you, the government You (playing along with the dream): their economies. This is what that means. will retrain you. Well, I guess work in the steel industry

This year the UN General Assembly You (excitedly): I don't want to be re- is pretty close to what I already know. adopted the idea as official UN policy. trained. The U.S. can't do this. Those Smith: Sorry. When we cut back on You: We voted for that? other countries have some tough prob- autos we use less steel. On top of that, Smith: We didn't vote for it. But the lems, I know. But we've been helping the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Rus-

"developing" countries wrote the plan in them. I've been helping them. I read sia and Czechoslovakia have just given a

Geneva in the first place, and when they where we've spent $ 1 30 billion in foreign complete steel industry to Ghana, over in brought it up in the General Assembly aid and development. That's my tax Africa, under the same UN policy.

they all voted for it. They had 79 votes, money, and I've voted for it. Now this. Ghana hardly knows how to produce and all the rest of the UN including our ILLUSTRATED BY CARL ROSE steel. She can't compete with us in know- 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 The "Third World" looks to its majority vote in the UN to solve its many problems.

tected against superior competition if we are speedily going to diversify her economy. So we got together with Switzerland and the other countries which Ghana says have been exploiting her cocoa, and we just followed the UN plan to set Ghana up in business and guarantee her prosperity. As a start, we lent her $100 million to build a chocolate manufacturing industry—at 3% interest, as the UN specifies. What Ghana can't pay us in cash we'll take in manufactured chocolate products. What she can pay in cash, we'll spend buying chocolate products from her. Our government will be selling the chocolate in the U.S. from now on. After the debt is paid off, we have promised to continue to protect Ghana from You: My uncle is plant manager of a competition from chocolate manufac- chocolate processing firm in Pennsyl- turers in the so-called exploiting nations,

vania. For the rest of this dream I'll just although I think by then your uncle's skip the retraining and get him to take firm will be out of business. It would be

me on and show me the ropes. contrary to UN policy to permit it to Smith: You must be out of touch with compete successfully with Ghanian choc- how, quality or price. So we've guaran- your uncle. You know that raw cocoa is olate products. teed to buy a lot of her steel at good grown in Ghana. So we've financed a big You: Any fool knows we won't have prices and save Ghana from having to chocolate processing industry there. money to help anyone if we close up shop compete with our own steel industry by You: So what? Ghana is a little jungle ourselves. This is just a bad dream, isn't ordering a big cut in U.S. steel. We've country. It'll take her years, if ever, to it? made the same deal with a number of learn how to outdo the American, Swiss, Smith: Oh, yes. The UN actually other countries that are trying to indus- German, French and Italian chocolate adopted all these ideas, but we haven't trialize and want heavy industry. Steel processors. My uncle has told me a little carried them out yet. What's your next in the U.S. is laying off more men than about the business. choice for a new job? we are. Pick something else. Smith: Quite so. Ghana has to be pro- You: I can imagine what's coming, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 J3 —

CONTINUED WHAT DO THE Emerging Nations9? WANT FROM US?

but I'll try again. I originally came from aimed at us, that would violate the the Northwest, and my first job as a kid United Nations rule. was with Weyerhaeuser. That's lumber. You (losing your temper): Mister, I'm

I still have friends out there, so I guess no economist, but this just adds up to 79

I'll go back and see what they can work countries voting that we should give them me in to. Your turn, Mr. Smith. what we've built up. It makes one big Smith: Doesn't Weyerhaeuser make joke out of the United Nations. Don't plywood? tell me you "boost the world economy"

You: That's a lot of it. Now don't tell by junking a century of industrial growth me, let me guess. We've given plywood and transplanting it where it never grew, factories to tropical hardwood countries, to be run by people who never ran it, and since Weyerhaeuser can outproduce, some of whom are out to cut your throat. outquality, and underprice them, we You're talking about a plan for world have made "appropriate adjustments in depression. I'll see you on the breadlines our own economy." To wit: Weyerhaeu- as soon as there's no more personnel ser has been ordered out of business to work left here for you. I was thinking of boost the world economy and speed the going into farming. That's an occupation diversification of the "developing" coun- that our government supports here. But tries, under a UN plan adopted by the I guess the UN has an answer for that, vote of the "developing" countries, in the too. UN General Assembly, in conformity Smith: Well, yes. Farm products are with the 1964 Geneva Conference on "primary commodities"—raw materials, Trade and Development. Right, Mr. you know. If you'll read the report you'll

Smith? see, first, that the "developed" countries Smith: You learn fast. It should be a (that's us) are to stop subsidizing their cinch to retrain you as soon as we find the own primary commodities. In plain lan- right work for you. guage, no more farm supports in the

You: I've got it! I want a job in sugar United States. refining. I know damn well we didn't But see, it says here that this is not to build a new sugar refining business in be "reciprocal." In other words, an "un- Cuba after what Castro has done. developed" country may give govern- Smith: You disappoint me. Here is the ment support to its own farmers, miners, report of the Geneva Conference, as and so on, but we must not. Then, we are adopted. First, look at General Principle not to have any tariffs against imports of II, which says we must do the same for primary commodities from "undevel- Industrialization is the hope of the "Third World. communist as for non-communist coun- oped" countries. You name it—wheat, tries. I quote: There shall be no discrimi- cotton, corn, or what you will. Egypt or nation on the basis of socio-economic Argentina or any "undeveloped" country United Nations policy specifically urges systems. can go into these in a big way, and sell us to cut back on synthetic materials that You: That doesn't say we have to give their products tariff-free in the United would replace any natural products away our industry and trade to commu- States at less than cost, thanks to their which the "undeveloped" countries nist countries. own supports. I'd particularly stay out of might grow. Our government has re-

Smith: This is Conference language. farming if I were you. You'd be on your stricted all research in synthetics in the They never say things in plain English own against government-supported stuff interests of the world economy. Du Pont or any other language. What else can it from abroad underpricing you in our has closed its synthetics research com- mean? food markets. plex already. We have, however, given You: Nothing else, I guess. But look at You: Oh, brother! So the UN has synthetic rubber factories to some of the what Castro did with those Russian voted that we are to stop farm supports. countries that grow natural rubber, as rocket bases. . . . What are they, our Congress? Tell you there is no majority objection in the UN Smith: I quote now from General what, Mr. Smith, I'll make one more try. to them going into that field. If you are Principle XI, which says that our assist- Give me my retraining in one of our really interested in synthetics you might ance should not be subject to any politi- businesses that makes synthetic products. move to one of those countries. cal or military conditions. If we object to Dacron textiles, synthetic rubber or You: I'm not. I'm just groping for a setting Cuba up in business simply on something like that. Nobody grows them new job. And now I've had enough of the basis of her enmity, or because she abroad. this dream. I'm going to wake up and see tried to set up Russian rocket bases Smith: You are very difficult. The how much of it is true.

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 Qo our dream ends. How much of it it comes to making the whole proposi- ones—attempt. The U.S. was willing to ^ is true? tion United Nations policy, they are in work with the other industrial nations

Every idea in it, and a good deal more, the minority. to phase out tariffs and restrictions on was adopted by UNCTAD (the United Until Indonesia dropped out of the raw materials that hurt Third World Nations Conference on Trade and De- UN, the "undeveloped" countries, by the trade. velopment) in Geneva, Switzerland, last process of making new nations out of But the mere count of noses at Geneva spring. The Final Act of the Conference old colonies, had grown in number in put a stop to discussions of sound growth

filled 200 pages, virtually all of it in the the United Nations until last December in the Third World based on developing same vein. It is a moral certainty that the they had 80 General Assembly votes to true economic strength. At Geneva, the 1965 United Nations General Assembly 35 for all others—communist and non- Third World countries had 77 of the will adopt the whole Conference report. communist alike. When Indonesia votes—a large majority. They were im- In general, the Final Act was a pro- dropped out they numbered 79. patient with the slowness of real growth posal that: For years, the ideas that finally came (it took 300 years to build capitalist (a) Industrial countries should sur- out of the 1964 Geneva Conference had United States out of forest land, and in render control of existing trade and in- been expressed on the floor of the regular 48 years of modern effort, from a running dustry to "undeveloped" nations; (b) meetings of the standing UN Economic start, the communist Soviet Union is still They should release patents and inven- Committee, where they had no force. beset with unsolved industrial and agri- tions and halt technical advances that im- The Geneva Conference met last year cultural problems). The Third World prove the positions of their own indus- on a one-shot basis to deal directly with nations dominated the conference and tries; (c) They should guarantee to buy the economic problems of the world, spoke of little except guarantees to be

industrial products from the "undevel- chief of which is the poverty and im- given them, guarantees which, the more oped" countries at good prices to free balance of wealth in most of the "unde- aggressive ones said, were their right. them from having to meet superior com- veloped" countries, who now have a When the conference had done its

petition; (d) They should provide the convenient nickname to distinguish them work it had adopted 15 General Princi- money to build the industries that would from the classic East-West division in ples, 60 other recommendations, and 18 the UN. They are the "Third World." Special Principles. On most of the propo- Most of them are in or near the world's sitions there were 77 "yes" votes, while tropical belt. the industrial nations, communist and The United States, which has poured non-communist alike, either voted "no" $130 billion into foreign aid and de- or sat on their hands. Newsmen gave the velopment, went to Geneva with some majority the nickname "The 77 Club." suggestions for strengthening the econo- As these words are written, the 77 mies of the Third World, and a willing- (now 79) are waiting for the hassle over ness to give reasonable assistance to Soviet dues payments in the UN General sound courses of action. Many of the Assembly to come to an end, so that they Third World countries could provide can implement the Geneva Final Act as markets for growing industries by form- official United Nations policy. Mean- ing regional economic blocs, along the while, the General Assembly has already lines of the European Common Market. created a permanent 55-nation UN

As individual nations they tend to be too Board on Trade and Development, 3 1 of small to provide a base for healthy indus- whose members are Third World nations. try. But regional markets could grow and This was done on December 30, 1964, attract capital for new industries in the by acclamation in the General Assembly, Third World, if Third World countries without calling a vote. would abandon the practice of seizing Except that they haven't been adopted and nationalizing industries. That drives by the industrial nations, none of the capital away, as does much of the social- details of the dream we started off with

ist planning which many of the Third here is fictional. Brazil has asked us to World nations particularly the newer (Continued on page 45) plans a quick short-cut to factories, markets. —

produce the products whose markets should be guaranteed; (e) All mutually advantageous preferential trade agree-

ments between industrial countries, all protective tariffs, should be abolished. Instead, all industrial countries should give preferential treatment to the trade of the "undeveloped" countries, without mutual advantage and solely for the benefit of the trade of the "undeveloped" countries; (f) Workers in the industrial countries who lose their jobs as the result of the giving away of industry and trade should be retrained for other work if young, or retired by their governments if they are too old to retrain.

What is not true in the dream is that the industrial nations have agreed to all Brazil's friendly government hopes the United States may guarantee it a market these proposals. They have not. But when for a quarter million autos a year to give it a base for a modern auto industry. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 15 The Great Fluoridation Controversy

It's 20 years since three North American cities first

fluoridated their water. The reaction is still echoing.

By JOHN THOMAS are examples of the arguments in the humor in the controversy over adding continuing controversy over fluoridation. fluorides to public drinking waters. You

the motion picture "Dr. Strange- This is the adding to public water sup- can take your pick of reading matter. Inlove," a berserk general. Jack D. plies of fluorides in tiny amounts to One widely circulated pamphlet which Ripper, orders an atom bomb eliminate or reduce tooth decay, espe- proves that fluoridation is a Good Thing dropped on the Russians in the belief cially in the young. The debate has is "Fluorides—Facts vs Fiction." A book that they are poisoning "our precious inspired some humor. In a recent New which proves that fluoridation is a Bad

body fluids" by fluoridation. To a British Yorker cartoon, a wife said: "There's Thing is called "The Grim Truth About Fluoridation." To those to whom fluoridation is a Good Thing, their foes are "crackpots" and "little old ladies in ten-

nis shoes who believe the world is flat." Those in the Bad Thing corner say that fluoridation causes all manner of diseases and conditions as varied as left-handed- ness and nymphomania. They say that the Good Thing people have "water on the brain." Some dentists admit that they are not gifted at proving the value of fluoridation to the public in an emotional atmosphere. Their scientific arguments and evidence tend to sound dreary against the colorful speech and claims of the enemy. The cost of fluoridation of public

water supplies is sometimes questioned,

but it is an argument that is over- shadowed by passionate principles and prejudices. "Will Anti-Fluoridationists Fool Americans Forever?" asks a former president of the American Dental As-

sociation. Each side is impatient and intolerant of opposing views. Neither side gives up easily, nor accepts an official action, court decision or referendum at the polls on the subject as being final. a shifty-looking man at the door The water of many places is naturally who wants to know if we'd like some fluoridated and the number of communi- non-fluoridated water." In a Saturday ties experiencing artificial or controlled Evening Post cartoon the same week, a fluoridation has been growing steadily officer, Ripper explains: "Fluoridation of forceful man announced: "I'm not only since 1945, when Grand Rapids, Mich.,

water is the most monstrously conceived against fluoridation, but I even favor de- Newburgh, N.Y., and Brantford, Ont., and dangerous communist plot we have fluoridating all waters that are naturally with the approval of legal, medical and ever had to face. The fluorides form a fluoridated." An advertisement of canine public health authorities, began to add basis of insecticides, fungicides and food asks if your dog approves fluorida- one part of sodium fluoride to a million rodent poisons. They pollute our prec- tion and one for a book asks: "Can you parts of their water. ious body fluids!" hold a wade-in in a fluoridated reser- In 1952, The American Legion Na- These are the words of a fictional gen- voir?" tional Convention encouraged fluorida- eral in a sensational film but they also But there is more bitterness than tion with this resolution: "Whereas, The

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 fluoridation of municipal water supplies arguments that ran the gamut from the among Bartlett children. Those under 10 has, in tested areas, reduced dental caries charge that fluoridation is '"a communist years of age show no signs of mottling. possibility in children by 60 to 65 percent, and plot against our body fluids," to allega- Dr. Churchill suggested the in water, Whereas, The addition of fluoride to tions that it is a cause of arthritis and of a desirable level of fluorides water supplies has the endorsement of gallstones. high enough to combat decay but low the American Medical Association, the Some explanations for the current con- enough to avoid the mottling effect American Dental Association, the U.S. troversy can be found in the history of which, after being traced to fluorides, fluorosis. the encourage- Public Health Service, the State and Ter- fluoridation. As early as the 1 8th century, was called With ritorial Health Officers Association, and dentists noticed in certain areas cases ment of Dr. Thomas Parran—then Sur- others, Now, Therefore Be It Resolved, of teeth mottled light or dark brown. geon General—Dr. H. Trendley Dean, a That The American Legion recommends Around 1912, Dr. Frederick Sumner Public Health Service dentist, undertook that Posts give careful consideration to McKay, of Colorado Springs, observed to find this level by study of teeth in a the matter of fluoridation of water as a that these unsightly teeth had little or no score of cities where the water contained means of protecting the teeth of chil- decay. Dr. McKay and his patients sus- natural fluorides at various levels. dren." The World Health Organization, pected something in their drinking water While this work was in progress, Dr. J. fellow at the the American Pharmaceutical Associa- caused this. In 1 930, Dr. H. V. Churchill, Gerald Cox, a research tion, the AFL-CIO, the National Con- of the Aluminum Company of America, Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh, suggested, gress of Parents and Teachers, the U.S. in the course of investigating the mottled in 1939, that fluorides be added to water Junior Chamber of Commerce and many teeth of company employees at Bauxite, that did not contain this desirable level other groups, who don't necessarily see Ark., established that an excess of fluor- as a means of fighting tooth decay in eye-to-eye on other things, are on record ides in the water was responsible. Mar- children. In that year also, a Vanderbilt as favoring fluoridation. The Department garet and H. V. Smith. University of University-trained dentist. Dr. George of Defense has authorized fluoridation of Arizona biochemists, made the same dis- W. Heard, who had moved from Ala- the water supply at military bases where covery independently. bama to Hereford, Tex., for his health, there are families with children. Fluorides are compounds of the gas- induced the Texas State Board of Health When New York City begins con- eous element fluorine, never found to study why he had far fewer cavities to fill there in his former practice in trolled fluoridation, possibly as this ar- uncombined and, according to the than Alabama. Natives of Hereford had vir- ticle appears, 55 million Americans in Encyclopaedia Britannica, the most ac- more than 2,600 U.S. communities will have it. Counting the 7 million people who live in areas of natural fluoridation, roughly a third of the population will be drinking water containing enough fluorides to combat tooth decay. Nine hundred communities have fluoridated their water without difficulty, and with considerable reduction in cavities in children's teeth, for more than ten years. Among these are Milwaukee, Phila- delphia, Baltimore and Washington. D.C. The National Capital was fluoridated by Act of Congress. Among states, Mary- land is first with 93.2% of its population drinking fluoridated water. Next are Rhode Island with 87.6% and Wisconsin with 81.9%. In 1953, the year after The American Legion resolution, a record 378 communities adopted fluoridation. Since then its growth has been slower and at least 143 communities have discontinued fluoridation after starting it. Of these. 32 later reinstated their programs. New York City officials voted $1,360,000 for nine fluoridation plants only after ten years of bitter debate and a public hearing that lasted from 10 o'clock one morning until 6 o'clock the next. But in a majority of some 600 referendums, fluoridation has tivc of all the elements. Until 1930, been defeated. Fluoridation for Detroit fluorides were known principally in con- has been approved by local authorities centrated form as poisons, especially for and Michigan courts, but faces a refer- rats, and as acid solutions strong enough tuallv no cavities and local horses and endum on November 2, 1965. to etch glass. So the first reaction of the dogs had fine teeth. Dr. Heard believed Proposals to fluoridate public water scientists was to remove fluorides from the local food and water responsible. supplies have been defeated recently in drinking water. This continues to be done The study by Dr. Edward Tavlor, di- Titusville and West Palm Beach. Fla., in places like Bartlett. Tex., where the rector of dental health for the Board, Kansas City, Mo., and Wichita. Kan. natural water contains eight parts per found a score of minerals in water and In Wichita, foes used advertising pam- million gallons. Reducing this to 1.17 food of the area, including calcium, phlets and telephone calls to present parts per million has drasticallv cut the phosphorus and fluorides. This attracted ILLUSTRATED BY BOB BUGG incidence and severity of mottled teeth the attention of a magazine writer, J. D. THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 \J THE GREAT FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY

Ratcliff, who wrote an account of Here- fluoridated Newburgh has been studied Anybody who can afford toothpaste ford, titled "The Town Without a Tooth- continually in comparison with nearby can buy a brand containing stannous ache," for the December 19, 1942, issue non-fluoridated Kingston, N.Y., by Dr. fluoride. On the evidence of studies at of Collier's, then a publication with a David B. Ast and others of the New York Indiana University, the American Dental multi-million circulation. The Reader's State Department of Health. Newburgh Society approved Procter & Gamble's Digest, a magazine of still greater circu- children of every age have fewer de- Crest in 1960 and Colgate-Palmolive's

lation, reprinted it in February 1943, cayed, missing or filled teeth than their Cue in 1964 as effective decay-preven-

with the same title. The article boomed Kingston counterparts. In a paper before tives "of significant value." As little, if the sale of food grown in Hereford and the American Public Health Association any, toothpaste is ingested, these can be Deaf Smith County. It also caused Theo- last fall. Dr. Ast said preliminary results used to supplement fluoridated water dora Lynch, an attractive actress then of a new cost study show that costs of without any hypothetical risk. Like fluor- married to J. Paul Getty, since fam- dental care for children in Newburgh idated water, there is evidence that the ous as the richest man in the world, are just half that in Kingston. fluoridated pastes are of benefit at least to to buy property in Hereford and ship The Grand Rapids and Newburgh young adults as well as children. tank cars of water from there to Holly- programs have served as models for proj- Your dentist can apply fluorides to wood where it was bottled and sold to the ects abroad as well as in other parts of your teeth in his office or prescribe fluor- movie colony, where good teeth are this country. More than 200 Canadian ide tablets for you to add to your water, prized. The business continues today. communities now have controlled fluori- milk or fruit juice. Lederle Laboratories; Upjohn; Parke Davis & Co., and other pharmaceutical manufacturers have added fluorides to vitamin and mineral pills without increasing their prices. These can be prescribed for mothers and children in non-fluoridated areas by

pediatricians. There is some doubt whether fluorides given expectant mothers benefit unborn children. If you have your own well, or live in a non-fluoridated area, you can have a home fluoridator installed in your water system. If your dentist recom-

mends it, you can list the cost as a drug expense in filing your income tax. Degna Corp., a subsidiary of Pfaudler

Permutit, is offering home fluoridation at rates comparable to water softening. You also can buy bottled water containing

fluorides, or free from them if you prefer.

One old and well-known brand is now advertised as "free from added chemicals." All of these things, of course, are more Dr. Heard considered the whole diet dation. Figures for some other countries costly than the average 9 cents per capita package, not just the fluorides, respon- are: Brazil 58, Chile 28, Netherlands 15, annual expense of fluorides in municipal sible for Hereford's healthy teeth, but Australia 7, Colombia 7, New Zealand water supplies and involve more initia- the publicity called national attention to 4. Birmingham, England, and Dublin, tive and effort than turning on a water the subject. Dr. Dean and his associates, Ireland began fluoridation in 1964. While tap. Some dentists, however, believe chil- partly as a result of observing World sodium fluoride continues to be used, the dren can be given fluorides more pre- War 2 conscientious objectors drinking leading materials now employed are cisely and accurately in tablets than by large quantities of Galesburg, 111., water cheaper sodium silicofluoride and liquid depending upon their varying thirst to (1.8 fluorides ppm), decided that one fluosilic acid. obtain them in drinking water. While part per million in temperate zones and Opponents of fluoridation fall into fluoridation equipment for all of New .67 part per million in the tropics were three general classifications. First, there York City's water sources is costing more the proper fluoride proportions for de- are those who are against the whole idea than a million dollars, the expense for feating tooth decay. By then, many com- because of disbelief in its effectiveness or most communities is a small fraction of munities were ready to go along with the because of their religious tenets. These this, often on the order of the cost of a idea. include Christian Scientists who oppose police squad car. Adding the powder in- Grand Rapids, Mich., began to fluori- any medication. Second, there are those volves no new hazards for waterworks date its water on January 25, 1945. New- who concede that fluoridation helps teeth workers and no problems that have not burgh, N.Y., followed on May 2 and but believe hypothetical hazards out- already been solved in the adding of Brantford, Ont., on June 20 of that year. weigh the benefits. Third, there are those chlorine and other chemicals. The Evans-

Evanston, 111., and Sheboygan, Wis., also who contend that the benefits of fluorida- ton, 111., water department superintend- were among the first to add the white, tion can be obtained by those who want ent says, "Application of sodium fluoride powdery sodium fluoride. Results at them without the treatment of municipal at Evanston has caused less maintenance Grand Rapids were to be compared with water supplies, therefore the issue is and operating difficulty than any other dental records in Muskegon. Mich., for "compulsory medication" which they waterworks chemical." a decade, but the latter city after a few oppose on grounds of personal freedom As to the safety of fluoridation, there years began to fluoridate too. Since 1945, of choice. (Continued on page 42)

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 (Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #9 dents of American history. We suggest you clip and save each as it appears.) A travel series for motorists

By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

The scene of Custer's last stand is 65 miles east of Billings, Mont., on US 212 and US 87. Here, on the afternoon of June 25, 1876, Lt. Col. George A. Custer and every one of the 276-odd troopers of the 7th U.S. Cavalry directly under his command were wiped out by Crazy Horse and his band of Sioux in the last great victory of Indian forces. The battle offers some of the most perplexing mysteries in military history. Why did Custer, who had distinguished himself in action during the Civil War, break his force of about 600 men into four detachments? Why did he fail to maintain adequate communications with his other units? Why did he attack Custer's Last Stand Custer Monument today. a Sioux force of 2,500 to 4,000 men MONTANA'S CUSTER BATTLEFIELD

National Park. It is a little out of the about 65 miles is Sheridan, Wyo., cattle with only a few more than 250 men? way for tourists to the Black Hills or ranch center and home of the largest Why were Custer's men armed only with Yellowstone. The Crow Indian Agency, working cowboys' rodeo (3rd weekend single-shot Springfields and six-shooter 3 miles north, is interesting to visit. in July). revolvers while many of the Sioux had Billings, Mont., 65 miles west, is a 1965 Motel and Restaurant Info: Winchester repeating rifles? Where did thriving old western city. Black Otter At Crow Agency: Good—Sage Motel, 1 mi south the Indians get those repeaters? Did Trail is a drive along the bluff overlook- at Jet. of US 87 & US 212. 8 rms. Cafe. (406) 638-2291. ing it. this trail near the airport is Custer really have a plan or was he mere- On a At Hardin, 15 mi north of battlefield on US 87 & US 212: Good—Lariat Motel, 18 rms. Cafe ly swashbuckling, arrogant and foolish near. (406) 665-2683. when he attacked? Did some of his men At Billings, 65 mi west on US 212: Excellent— Esquire Motel, 3320 1st Ave. N., \\ mi west on commit suicide during the engagement? US 10 & US 212: 49 rms., pool. Cafe. (406) What really happened that day on the 259-4551. Excellent—Holiday Inn, Lake Elmo Rd.. east of Little Big Horn River? Billings on US 10, 87 & 312. 105 rms., pool. Cafe. (406) 245-6611. Very Good, unusual value— The battle is indeed a challenging mili- Rimrock Lodge, 1200 N. 27th St., 1 mi north of Billings on 10; 80 rms., 10 kits., pool. Cafe. tary US mystery. Many visitors each year go (406) 252-7107. over the ground in an effort to find clues Restaurants at Billings: Very good—Golden Belle in Northern Hotel, 28th St. & 1st Ave. which may answer these questions. N. Continental cuisine. (406) 245-5121. Very good—Stirrup Room, Dude Rancher Custer's military record was brilliant. Lodge, 415 N. 29th St., 4 blks north off US 10, At the Little Big Horn he probably had 212. Steaks, western decor. (406) 259-5561. (There are many other fine motels, hotels and a plan—but it did not work. restaurants in Billings. See Mobil Travel Guide to Northwest and Great Plains States.) The battlefield is now a National Mon- ument which includes the National Cem- bronze life-size statue posed by William Your appreciation of an historic place etery in which Custer's dead are buried. S. Hart, our original Western movie star. is greatly enriched if you read about it

At the Visitor Center are exhibits which The Yellowstone Museum is also first. Custer's famous battle has been de- give an over-all picture of the engage- near the airport and offers a fascinating scribed and speculated about in many ment. There are no camping or picnick- collection of Western odds and ends. books. Your library may have Col. W. A. ing facilities at the Monument. Boothill Cemetery is at the eastern end Graham's "The Story of the Little Big What's nearby? Custer Battlefield is of this trail. Gunmen and lawmen who Horn" or "The Custer Myth," or Dr. on the Crow Indian Reservation about died with their boots on in the early days Edgar I. Stewart's "Custer's Luck." Con- 200 miles east and north of Yellowstone are buried here. South of the battlefield sult your librarian for other references.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 19 The flight begins. After take-off from Sheepshead Bay, Long Island, Rodgers flew down Broadway to give New Yorkers a chance to gape.

THE FIRST AIRMAN ACROSS AMERICA

grand uncle. Commodore Oliver Hazard In 1911, C. P. Rodgers flew from New York to Perry, won the Battle of Lake Erie and sent the famous message: "We have met ." the enemy and they are ours . . An California in and 82 flying hours. 49 days earlier ancestor, Commodore John Rodgers. dictated peace terms to the Algerian pirates. By TOM MAHONEY 4-inch, 192-pounder who actually An attack of scarlet fever when he smoked a cigar while flying the early, was a six-year-old boy in Havre de Pilots fly jet planes so fast, fre- open, wing-warping Wright planes. Grace, Md., dashed "Cal" Rodgers' quently and uneventfully between He was the descendant of so many hopes of a military career. The fever left New York and California today brave men that he simply had to win him so deaf that he could not pass the that it is hard to realize that less than 60 glory of some kind. His father, an Army physical examination when appointed to years ago no pilot had flown any kind of captain, had been killed fighting Indians the U.S. Naval Academy. At about the plane across America. The man who in Arizona. One of his great-grand- same time his slightly younger double showed the way was Calbraith Perry fathers. Commodore Matthew Calbraith cousin, John Rodgers, passed the exam- Rodgers, a stubborn, courageous 6-foot Perry, opened Japan to the world. A ination. Their fathers had married sis- 20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 Miraculously, Rodgers survived sixteen crash landings, this one at Huntington, Indiana. Train that accompanied him hauled spare parts.

ters. While John went on to Annapolis William Randolph Hearst, the newspaper and a Navy career, Cal played football publisher, for the first flight across the at Virginia and Columbia, then became U.S. The country had neither airways a motorcycle and automobile race driver. nor airports and the farthest anybody But when Lt. John Rodgers was sent had flown had been 1,155 miles. This had to the Wright Brothers' flying school in been Harry Atwood's 11 -day St. Louis the summer of 1911 and became the sec- to N.Y. flight with many stops. Hearst ond Navy flyer (after Theodore G. said nothing about stops, but the trip had Ellyson and ahead of John H. Towers), to be made in 30 days and be completed

Cal Rodgers decided to become a flyer by Oct. 11, 1 9 1 1 , a year from the day he too. He went to the Wright Brothers' posted the prize. Rodgers thought he school at his own expense, learned to fly could win by flying 200 miles a day. with only 90 minutes instruction, and He named his plane The Vin Fiz Flyer, paid $5,000 for a frail Wright biplane. and painted the name on several parts He established an endurance flight of the machine. He agreed to drop leaf-

record of 3 hours and 42 minutes, and lets from the air advertising the 5

meet in the air. He won $ 1 1 ,000 in prizes tracted to pay him $5 for every mile with his biplane at an air competition in flown and outfitted a special railroad Chicago's Grant Park, August 12-20, train to accompany him. This consisted 1911. There he met J. Ogden Armour, of a Pullman, a combination diner- who was attempting to diversify his meat observation car and a "hangar" baggage packing business by launching a grape car. The last carried a type "B" airplane, soda pop named Vin Fiz. As a publicity two engines, a six-cylinder Palmer- stunt for this drink, he backed Rodgers Singer touring car, a machine shop and in an effort to win the biggest aviation a first-aid center. prize then unclaimed. Unlike some other Knowing the frailness of their planes, early flyers, Rodgers did not touch hard C. P. Rodgers. Most landings threatened the Wrights undertook to dissuade damage to something sometimes the liquor and the tie-up was a logical one. — Rodgers but finally loaned him their best plane, sometimes a chicken coop, some- The prize was $50,000, offered by times a cornfield, sometimes the pilot. (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 21 CONTINUED THE FIRST AIRMAN m ACROSS AMERICA mechanic, Charles Taylor. A boy mechanic named Charles S. Wiggin was also Manufacturer of Vin Fiz, a grape soda drink, promoted Rodgers' feat. Photo above, taken along. The party included Rodgers' in Spofford, Tex., gives a good idea of close relationship between plane's ground crew and young wife, Mabel, a beauty from Ver- mont; his mother; his manager, Fred Wettengel; and assorted Vin Fiz pub-

licity people, a score in all. Before the 32-year-old airman and his entourage were ready, two other con- testants went after the prize. Robert Fowler started eastward from San Fran-

cisco on September 1 1 and James Ward flew westward from Governors Island in New York Harbor on September 14, 1911. Fowler was backed by the Cole Motor Co. of Indianapolis and his plane was called the Cole Flyer. Cal Rodgers' new white-winged biplane was ready for him at the Shecps- head Bay racetrack on Long Island on Sunday afternoon, September 17. It was a Wright "EX" plane weighing less than 800 pounds, with a wing spread of 32 feet and powered by a 196-pound. 35- horsepower, four-cylinder, water-cooled

engine. It was a smaller form of the standard Wright "B" and could fly 55 miles an hour in calm air. The only "instrument" was a white string tied to Rodgers picked up extra money from cities and fairs which paid him to fly over or land in directly in front of the pilot a crosswire them. Frank commercialism of the flight created antagonism in nation's press. Only when lo indicate the degree of climb, descent, success was sure did coverage build up. Picture above was taken at the Dallas State Fair. or yawing to the right or left. While 2.000 onlookers milled about, a young girl christened the machine with a bottle of Vin Fiz. Rodgers kissed her, accepted a freshly-picked four-leaf clover from another woman, pocketed a letter from the Mayor of New York to the Mayor of San Francisco, donned his goggles and took his seat in the plane. "Stand back or somebody will be killed!" he shouted as the two chain- driven "pusher" propellers began to whirl behind him. His admirers fell back and at 4:22 p.m. he took off into the blue with a cigar nonchalantly clamped between his teeth. Gaining altitude, he circled over Coney Island, dropped leaflets advertising Vin Fiz, and then turned west. A million New Yorkers watched him soar over Man- hattan and cross the Hudson River. Above, Cal Rodgers (left) with his cousin, John, A plane crash in shallow water n already America's Calif., took Calbra t From over Jersey City, he located his who was second naval aviator. Lonp Beach,

special train and the Erie tracks with RODGE1LS-WIO M l PHOTOS PROM THE COLLECTION AND PERMISSION •>!• MRS. CALRRAITH PERRK 22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 panels of white cloth placed between the rails to guide him out of the yards. At 5:10 p.m., he passed Paterson, N.J., where thousands had waited hours in the parks for a glimpse of him. At 6:07 p.m., after flying 104 miles in 105 minutes, he landed for the night in a field at Middletown, N.Y., where 10,000 persons greeted him. His train

arrived a few minutes later. "Well, it's a start, anyway," he noted in his log. "I get away early tomorrow at sunup." He did, and promptly met disaster. In taking off, the plane brushed a willow- tree, flopped along like a bird with a broken wing and then plunged through a big hickory tree into a chicken yard. With his cigar still in his mouth, Rodgers Pilot Rodgers, who followed rail lines so that such contact could be maintained. Here, supply train provides parts to repair damage of latest crash landing on rocky prairie land! jumped as the plane hit the tree. It broke his fall and he was only scratched in dropping 35 feet. But ihe plane was wrecked so badly

that it was September 2 1 before he could

take off in it. There was some comfort, however, in word that his rivals also had met misfortune—Robert Fowler at Col- fax, Calif., and James Ward at Corning, N.Y.—and were out of the race. Earle Ovington, who had intended to compete, met with an accident at first takeoff and he also had given up. But only 20 days remained before the prize deadline. Engine trouble forced Rodgers down in a potato field near Hancock, N.Y. Repairs made, he flew on to Binghamton. Next day, he followed the w rong railroad line to Scranton, Pa., and had to fly back to Elmira, N.Y., for a net advance of

only 1 5 miles for the day. Serious knocks developed in the motor next day and Rodgers noticed the magneto connections were slipping out. Holding them in place with one hand, he landed in a swamp near Canisteo, N.Y. Above, Mechanics made repairs that night but young Charles S. Wiggin, one of the two mechanics who made up the plane's crew, gasses up the there was another forced landing next Vin Fiz. Plane's landings were usually accompanied by crowd of viewers most of whom remembered the plane but forgot Vin Fiz. The promotion cost $180 Odd' day in a meadow near Salamanca, N.Y. "I want to fly another hundred miles before sunset," said Rodgers. In taking off, he crashed into a barbed wire fence, was knocked unconscious, and repairs to the plane required three days. It took

him 1 1 days to cross New York State. He had better luck over Pennsylvania and Ohio, landing by moonlight in a pasture near Kent, Ohio. He followed the Erie Railroad to Akron, Marion and westward. He reached Huntington. Ind., on September 30 and Hammond on Oc- tober 4 despite high winds and thunder- storms. To raise money and also to advertise the flight, the expedition went informally into the air mail business. Only the week before, on September 23, Earle Ovington had carried the first officially authorized U.S. airplane mail from Garden City to Rodgers' life. He was the 127th man to be killed in the brief era of aviation. The re- Mineola, Long Island, about a paired ten-mile plane is currently on display at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air Museum. round trip hop. Postmaster-Gen. Frank PROM THE BOOK "FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL FLIGHT' ' BY CHARLES S. WIGGIN (Continued on page 48) THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 23 WASHINGTON PRO* CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON OUR MILITARY MANPOWER POLIi;i

SHOULD THE PEACETIM YES

Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis.) ' 1 I and the less educated man and against the man who works with his hands. For the sake of justice, mili- Even those who are never called suffer from the tary security and common draft. Most draftees are not called until they are 23. sense, America needs a new For five years after turning 18, more than 10 million military manpower policy to young men live a life of needless uncertainty, unable take the place of the draft which to plan, a career, marriage and a future of their own. we have relied on almost con- This hurts the nation as a whole. tinuously since 1940. This is not But most important of all, the draft has become a a partisan issue. Both Republi- wasteful and inefficient way to staff our modern Army. cans and Democrats pledged a review of the draft in Asst. Sec'y of Defense (Manpower) Norman S. Paul their 1964 platforms. It is not an issue between "paci- has testified: "The volunteer is likely to be a better fists and militarists." The Defense Department seems motivated soldier than the conscript. He is also avail- ." just as eager as anyone to develop an effective substi- able for a longer term of service. . The harsh fact is tute, and is conducting studies on the subject at the that 97% of our draftees leave the service as quickly President's direction. as they can. The high cost of training them is largely Let's look at facts rather than abstract philosophy. wasted. Under our system of "universal military training," With a booming population to draw from, with fairly 42% of the eligible young men never serve at all. serious unemployment in this country, with the ser- Before long, more than half the young men eligible vices able to offer excellent technical training, I am for the draft will not serve. The truth is that we now convinced that we could make the services genuinely have far more eligible men than the armed services can attractive enough to recruit volunteers to staff a really handle. At present, about 1,400,000 young men reach professional modern army, trained for highly complex the age of 18 each year and become eligible for the warfare. It may cost a little more money at the outset draft. Because of the population boom, this group is because we would have to pay more realistic salaries. rapidly increasing while our military manpower needs (We now pay recruits only $78 a month.) Also, it will remain almost the same. In two more years we will require some very careful and creative planning. But have 1,810,000 men reaching age 18, an increase of there is no reason why our prosperous and highly ad- more than 400,000 over this year. vanced nation cannot develop a just and efficient man- To hold down the number drafted from this growing power policy to replace our unjust and inefficient draft pool of eligibles, we have had to adopt more and more system by the time the present system expires in 1967. arbitrary standards. Every time we adopt a new rule for choosing between men, another basis for saying "you must serve and you need not," we aggravate the injustice of the system and we weaken the morale of those who do serve. The system now discriminates against the poorer

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him.—

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 £Y SEN. GAYLORD NELSON, WIS., AND SEN. ROBERT C. BYRD, W. VA.

DRAFT BE ABOLISHED? NO Sen. Robert C. Byrd (D-W. Va.) tration of the UMTS Act. Action on it was deferred because of a Presidential order to the Secretary of y response is NO!—unless Defense that a study be made of the draft system and ". M two primary considera- related manpower policies, . . including the possi- tions obtain: (1) a sharp reduc- bility of meeting our requirements on an entirely vol- tion in present international untary basis in the coming decade." No report on this tensions—which appears doubt- study is yet available, although a concept for an ex- ful for the foreseeable future; perimental Special Training and Enlistment Program and (2) some practicable alter- (STEP) has been announced by the Secretary of the native whereby the Armed Army, to provide for military training, education, and Forces may be maintained at a level to insure our physical rehabilitation for men who cannot meet cur- national defense at the same or lowered cost. rent mental or medical standards for regular enlist- In 1963, Congress extended the Universal Military ment, thus reducing reliance on the draft by expanding enlist- Training and Service Act until July 1, 1967, continu- the pool of qualified volunteers available for ing present programs of manpower procurement and ment. The Army presently is the only branch of the management for military purposes under the Selective Armed Forces dependent on the draft to meet its pro- Service System. This is the only presently known prac- gram goals. ticable system to furnish U.S. Armed Forces with Significantly, international tensions have resulted in quantities and types of manpower as needed. Under recent consideration by Australia of compulsory mili- Selective Service, the nation's manpower is registered, tary service. As stated by Prime Minister Menzies: classified, deferred, channeled, and/or selected for "The range of likely military situations we must be military duty. As a result of this program, and the con- prepared to face has increased as a result of recent comitant obligation on America's males, a major num- Indonesian policies and actions and the growth of ber of voluntary inductions occur which could not be Communist influence and armed activity in Laos and expected to materialize if the threat of involuntary South Viet Nam." India began limited compulsory service did not exist. military training in 1963, for the first time in its history. Selective Service is a "going," vital system, charged I agree with a prominent federal official who said: with maintaining manpower operations in a state of "Citizens of a democracy must assume the duties as constant readiness for emergencies. To destroy it well as the benefits of citizenship. A democracy cannot without having a demonstrably more effective or eco- remain strong if it fears to demand military service ." nomical replacement would be to deal irresponsibly as needed by its citizens. . . with our nation's security. However, alternatives are being sought. Legislation was introduced in the 88th Congress to establish a Commission to make compre- hensive studies of all matters relating to the adminis-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

IN MY OPINION THE PEACETIME DRAFT I have read in The American Legion Magazine SHOULD SHOULD NOT BE ABOLISHED.

for March the arguments in PRO & CON: SIGNED .

Should The Peacetime Draft Be Abolished? ADDRESS TOWN STATE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 25 toothbrush will do a more complete and faster job, advises Bruce Harms of Reeds- burg, Wis. Hold the cavity open under the ROD &? GUM tap water and scrub out the "blood line" CLUS with the brush. It takes only a few seconds per fish.

WHEN THE WEATHER threatens to turn Animal Noses wet and you're going hunting or fishing v\ithoul waterproof footwear, take along a couple of plastic bags, advises Terry Rhodes What kind of nose do you want your hunt- A good bird dog with a sharp nose can of Cutler, 111. One slipped over each boot- ing dog to have? smell a pheasant buried under a foot of foot and tied around the ankle will keep it Animals with the longest noses have the fresh snow. A good coonhound's nose tells dry. Will keep your feet warmer, too, when best sense of smell, say biologists. Their ex- him when a raccoon's track was made, how the mercury slides below zero. planation is that a long nose has more nerve fast it was travelling and in what direction. cells and so is more sensitive. Does the ele- Where is man on the list of noses? Even THE MUDDY TASTE of freshwater fish, phant, therefore, top the list? It does, as lower than the cat family, as we might sus- except trout, is objected to by many an- African hunters will also testify. An ele- pect! glers, but there's a simple way to get rid phant, with trunk held high to sift the air, of the mud flavor, writes Charles Turncuiist can scent a man many hundred yards away. TIE YOUR OWN FLIES for the trout of Bloomington, Miss. He soaks them for Second to this species are the American season with a new kit being offered by an hour or more in water to which salt and deer. African and our western antelope a pinch of baking soda have been added, would challenge their position if their own 1 then rinses them in fresh water. Another ears and eyes weren't so sharp they rarely method is to skin them before cooking. need to use their noses. Next are the African Most of the muddy flavor is in the skin. cape buffalo and the rhino. Lower on the list are the American bear. And at the bot- DUCKBOATS can be dangerous because tom are the short-nosed cats, from the they're narrow, ride low in the water, and African lion and Asiatic tiger to the com- can capsize .easily. The next time you climb mon house tabby. It was once believed that into one, play it safe, advises C. Newton of fawns, hiding motionless in heavy brush, Brooklyn, N.Y. Tie yourself to your life escaped prowling mountain lions and bob- preserver with a length of heavy fishline, cats because Nature mysteriously took away knotting one end of it through a buttonhole their scent; actually it is because the cats of your jacket. Should you go overboard, can't smell. you can pull the preserver to you. Dogs rate almost as high as deer, except the short-nosed breeds such as the boxer THE LATEST TACKLE BOX will please and English bulldog. In prehistoric times, anglers. It's for fishing at night, and who all dogs were keen scented, but most breeds doesn't? It's large, made of non-corrosive have lost this trait through generations of plastic (the kind used for football helmets), disuse. Only the hunting dogs have kept has three swinging trays (with over 36 their "noses" and. in fact, have become separate compartments) and four internal more specialized, creating two categories electric lights that turn on when the box that use their sense of smell in different is opened. The clear plastic trays conduct ways. These are the bird dogs and the the light, distributing an even glow. Box is hounds. The former, such as the English practically indestructible, has a three-year pointer, setter and the spaniels, hunt by guarantee. Lighting is by two flashlight bat- body scent alone. They run with their heads teries. Made by Old Pal, Inc., Lititz, Pa. up so their noses can catch the scent of the Price: about $25 list. bird drifting toward them through the air. Or, if the bird is running, they follow the ROD STORERS for your boat can be made scent which hovers over the trail. And they quickly from a couple of wire coat hangers, Worth Fishing Tackle, Stevens Point. Wis. judge how close they are to the bird by the writes David Blake of Maytown, Pa. He It contains a vise, nylon thread, cement, strength of its scent. Hounds, however, such bends the ends of a hanger together until hooks, plenty of fancy feathers and hackles, as the beagle, foxhound and coonhound they almost touch; this forms an open loop. and an instruction book. The beginner's kit which hunt animals only, follow the foot Then he bends the hanger hook sideways so costs $3.25 and young anglers like the one scent which clings to the ground behind the it can be hung from the rim of the gunwale. above can get a thrill creating their own animal. of these will hold a rod nicely, keeping sure-fire fish-getters. There are more elab- Two coat of varnish will There are reasons for these specialized orate kits for experts. it out of the way. A techniques. In bird hunting, where wide keep the hangers from rusting. fields must be covered, a dog running with AN ENCOUNTER WITH A SKUNK is its head up, searching for body scent, can an experience neither a hunter nor a hunt- IS THERE A CORN FIELD NEARBY? If bait for ice cover a large area in a short time at top ing dog can forget in a hurry, but fortu- so, you have a fine source of speed. Also, a bird's body scent is stronger nately the aftereffects are only temporary fishing, according to biologists. All you than its foot scent. However, the scent clings when you know the antidote. Try a sponge need is a sharp knife and a bait box. to the ground longer than it remains in the bath in tomato juice, followed by a scrub- They're corn borers, a tasty treat for cold- air where it is soon dispersed, and a hound bing with soap and water, for either dog or weather fish. You can find them by splitting can "nose out" a cold scent left by an ani- hunter. Thereafter, the incident will be the dried corn stalks. In an hour or so mal hours after it has passed by. Such a nothing but an unhappy memory. you can collect enough to catch fish all day. cold trail usually is valueless in bird hunt- If you have a helpful idea for this feature ing because the bird might have flown away WHEN CLEANING A FISH, to prevent send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you after making it. Also, since following foot spoilage it's important that you remove $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- scent is necessarily a more meticulous job, completely the "blood line." the dark line turn, or enter into correspondence concern- it is slower, which is an advantage in many you can see running along the spine inside ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, cases because the dog isn't apt to chase the the body cavity after the innards have been The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth quarry out of the country. removed. Your fingernail will do it but a Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • M ARCH 1965 A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

MARCH 1965

VA OFFICE SHUTDOWN FLIES IN FACE of the group studied . . . The average OF KNOWN INADEQUACY: IMPERILS AVENUE income of the 2,970 who would gain by the TO LEGAL CLAIMS OF MORE THAN 9 MILLION election was only $329 a year, yet none POTENTIAL BENEFICIARIES: of them elected the better pension though it would bring them, on the average,

The enormity of the announcement of $141.72 more a year . . . Their total the Veterans Administration on Jan. 13 loss through ignorance — $410,908.40 each that it would close 16 of its regional year 1 offices (along with other installations) The whole burden of Mr. Meadows' testi- can hardly be comprehended by the aver- mony was that while all of the veterans age citizen (see other stories in this and widows studied had received from the

issue on pages 2 and 29) . . . The VA VA mail describing the complexities of regional offices, already spread too the law, they felt additional need for thin, are virtually the only direct, local personal advice and were getting it not contact that nearly 82 million veterans, from the VA but from people less-quali- vets' wives, widows, children, orphans fied, close at hand, who were misinforming and dependent parents have with the Vet- them. erans Administration for advice, infor- Why did they have to rely on misinfor- mation, counsel, claim-filing and claim mants instead of VA counsel, when they

processing . . . The shutdown will inter- had no problem drawing the Social Security pose from hundreds to more than 1,000 to which they were entitled? miles between potential beneficiaries and The answer is that the same government the nearest VA regional office, and will that has been putting more and more field shut down regional offices presently serv- offices around the country to advise peo- ing areas in which reside more than 9 ple on Social Security has been steadily million people listed by VA as having withdrawing the same services from vet-

potential business with it . . . VA says ans and their families . . . Social Se- that it is now doing 90% of its business curity involves at most about two times by mail and sees no problem in maintain- as many people as the VA (VA estimates ing needed services by mail . . . The that 44% of the population, or 81.9 mil- truth, known to everyone concerned, is lion people, may have legitimate business

quite the opposite . . . Lack of field with it) . . . When the present VA cut- offices i_s known beyond doubt to deprive back is in effect, Social Security will veterans of legal entitlements by denying have more than sixty times as many offices them access to knowledge of their en- for counseling potential beneficiaries titlements. face-to-face in the 50 states than the

Let us cite how well this is understood VA . . . With the new VA cutback, VA will by all concerned. have 50 regional offices and 12 contact On Aug. 2, iy62, VA Chief Benefits Di- offices stretching from Hawaii to Rome, rector Philip Brownstein testified in from Anchorage, Alaska, to the Panama Congress on a VA study of why 2,065 pen- Canal Zone ... By comparison, Social sioned veterans and widows waited for Security maintains a growing field set- from a year to 16 months to elect to re- up of nine national regions with 613 dis-

ceive a higher p ension under an o ption tric t offices and 5 , 519 contact offices granted them by law in 1960, and thus ... At the same time its laws and reg- lost out on $309,665 of legal benefits ulations are far simpler to grasp and

. . . Every one of them had been advised apply than those administered by the VA. by mail from the VA of the technicalities In Texas, Florida and Arkansas, where

of the law . . . Why the costly delay? the House Committee made its shocking

. . . Mr. Brownstein said that 63% of sample study, the VA will have just seven them "just did not understand the law" permanent offices (four regional, three and "13.6% were misinformed by others." contact) to counsel potential benefici- At the same time the House Veterans aries when the present cutback is in ef- Affairs Committee staff made a study of fect ... In the same three states, 4,691 veterans and widows in sample areas Social Security has 554 field offices

of Texas, Arkansas and Florida who had (54 district and 480 contact) ! not at any time elected the new pension What did the VA do, following the

. . . Staff Director Oliver Meadows testi- studies cited above which so starkly fied that 2,790 of them could have re- showed needy veterans and widows missing ceived better benefits by choosing the out on millions in benefits through lack new option, and these constituted 59.4% of pro per face-to-face counsel and the THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 27 , :

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER inadequa cy of counsel by mail? . . . Be- small fraction of the children of the tween Jan. 1960, and Nov. 1961 (the ter- war-dead have applied for the college-aid minal period of its study), it closed 19 to which they are entitled under the contact offices ... In Nov. 1961, it Junior GI Bill ... It admits that it is closed 161 more in one fell swoop . . . unable to get the word to them and be- Less than six months after it testified seeches private media, such as veterans' it closed 26 of the remaining 35 contact organizations, schools, newspapers and offices, leaving 9 in the 50 states where broadcasters to do the job. there had been 1,049 at the end of WW2 Only when it is putting more miles be-

. . . In 1955 it had closed the regional tween its offices and its potential bene- offices in San Diego, Miami and Oklahoma ficiaries, does the VA pretend that it

City . . . After it testified it closed can render its services by mail ... At the Dallas regional office and replaced other times it admits that it can't and it with a smaller contact office. calls for help . . . Even in the processing While all this was going on, both the of claims —a major work of VA regional Veterans Administration and House Veterans offices — 70% of the claims processed are Affairs Committee Chairman Olin E. Teague worked up partially by sources outside repeatedly went to the press and the the VA (service officers of veterans or- broadcasters with the message that for ganizations or the states, or claimants' lack of pro per information, disabled and lawyers) . . . The burden on these pro- imp overished veterans and widows through- fessional and volunteer helpers is out the country were missing out on $46 greatly magnified by cutbacks in VA of- million a year of .legal entitlement in fices . . . The North Dakota State Ameri- the single matter of the wrong choice of can Legion Service Officer, stationed in a p ension ! Fargo, has had just a trot across town

In 4'/2 years, the loss to VA pensioners to the Fargo VA regional office to repre- through i gnorance , bad counsel and the sent any of the 299,700 members of vet- inadequacy of contact by mail has come erans families served by that office to a staggering $20 7,000,00 0 . . . Com- . . . He will now find himself 241 miles pare that to the $23.5 million which it removed from the nearest claim-processing is claimed the new shutdown of facilities office — in St. Paul . . . Meanwhile , the will save in administrative costs . . . VA is anticipating that its caselo ad .is

A knowledgeable observer has difficulty due to i ncrease o ver the years ahead . restraining the sinister suspicion that Perhaps this gives a small view of the the $23.5 million saving is not the ob- enormity of the VA now ordering the shut- ject of the shutdown at all, but what is down of more than 24% of its already in- envisioned by the Budget Bureau is further adequate regional establishment, in areas vast sums "saved" in unclaimed benefits where there now reside more than 9 mil- by deliberate withdrawal of services. lion of the "potential beneficiaries." Is the pension situation a special case Below are the regional offices to be of the inadequacy of the VA field serv- closed, and opposite them the "potential

ice? . . . Not at all. beneficiary" population presently served

Twice Congress has had to pass s pecial by each office to be closed . . . Figures laws to ease the penalties suffered by are based on VA's 1963 year-end annual veterans who were not p roperly advised of report the need to convert their GI term insurance before its cost became prohibitive. Regional office Vet family VA repeatedly asks news media to warn closed population veterans to keep their GI insurance beneficiaries up to date, lest on their death Juneau, Alaska 88,000 the benefits go to beneficiaries they Wilmington, Del 210,900 had in mind twenty years ago but not today Shreveport, La 333,000 ... It frequently cites cases in which Kansas City, Mo 928,600 it is certain that the money went to the Reno, Nev 118,400 wrong people ... By mailings to insured Manchester, N. H 307,100 veterans in selected areas, VA has per- Albany, N.Y 743,700 suaded many veterans to change their Syracuse, N.Y 832,500

beneficiaries . . . But it has never felt Fargo, N. Dak 299,700 that it could afford such a mailing in Cincinnati, Ohio 2,049,800 all the areas where it ha s withdrawn its Wilkes-Barre, Pa 1,221,000 277,500 services . . . Last October, to help plug Sioux Falls, S. Dak this gap in VA's shortage of counseling, Lubbock, Tex 658,600 this magazine published a change-of- San Antonio, Tex 710,400 beneficiary form with the cooperation of White River Jet., Vt 148,000 the VA, at a cost to The American Legion Cheyenne, Wyo 170,200 of approximately $11,000. The VA repeatedly states that only a 9,198,200 28 TH E AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 N EWSa,AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS -MARCH 1965

has substantially decreased its ability to VA Order Shuts 31 Facilities; render service to veterans and their sur- vivors. These persons will find it increas- Plan Draws Fire From Legion ingly difficult to learn about and to obtain benefits authorized by Congress . . .

VA's closing of regional offices is di- Nat'l Cmdr Johnson calls for "total mobilization" rectly opposite to the expansion by the against closing of 11 hospitals, four domiciliaries, Social Security Administration of its field offices. The latter agency seems con- and 16 offices; angry Congressmen set hearings; vinced that the best way to serve is to heavy anti-closure mail reaching Washington, D.C. open, not close, its facilities for the public." The Veterans Administration an- Thomasville, Ga., and Clinton, Iowa. Congressional reaction to the VA clos- nouncement of January 13 in Wash., Six thousand beds will be lost for vet- ings was swift in coming. Senators filled

D.C, that it would close 1 1 hospitals, eran's use by the projected closing of ten pages of the Jan. 1 5 Congressional four domiciliary homes and 16 regional these hospitals and domiciliaries. Record with protests and documentation offices in 23 states by June 30, 1965 (and The following VA regional offices of the damage to be done in their states. some even by April 1). met sharp reac- (which give service to veterans with Senate Majority leader Mike Mansfield tion and strong protest by The American claims) will close to merge with more (D-Mont. ) angrily denounced the VA Legion on national and local levels and distant offices: Albany, N.Y., to New plan, declaring that economy should be brought promises of action by Congress. York City, N.Y.; Syracuse, N.Y. to achieved by cutting wasteful government At a press conference the next day, Buffalo. N.Y.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and practices, which he said ran into millions Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson, in an- Wilmington, Del., to Phila., Pa.; Cincin- of dollars, and not at the expense of vet- swer to this massive cutback in VA fa- nati, Ohio to Cleveland, Ohio; Kansas erans. cilities and services, characterized the City, Mo., to St. Louis, Mo.; Shreveport, Bitterly protesting the closing of the proposal as one "which produces small La., to New Orleans, La.; Lubbock, Miles City, Mont., VA hospital (new in savings at the expense of a great sacrifice Tex., to Waco, Tex.; San Antonio, Tex., 1 95 1 and operating at capacity ) , he said, to our veterans" and retorted that "these to Houston, Tex.; Juneau, Alaska to "I received announcement of the closing actions by the Veterans Administration, Seattle, Wash.; Reno, Nev., to Los An- ( Miles City) 1 Vi hours before it became and the manner in which they were ex- geles, Calif.; White River Junction, Vt., generally known . . . This in the name ecuted, reflect a gross disregard of the and Manchester, N.H., to Boston, Mass.; of economy. Whose economy? Not the

needs of our sick and disabled and are Fargo, N.D., and Sioux Falls, S.D., to veterans of the region . . . Not their fam- in direct conflict with the announced St. Paul, Minn.: and Cheyenne, Wyo., to ilies who will have to travel great addi- aims of the Administration to improve Denver, Colo. tional distances to visit patients ... It the lot of needy citizens." The National Commander declared is an old story . . . When we are in an

The VA has estimated it would save that "In closing regional offices the VA emergency, nothing is too good for those $23.5 million in the fiscal year 1966 by the proposed cutback.

Cmdr Johnson declared that "Even if the estimated savings are fully realized —and this is highly questionable, because some governmental agency will be called upon to care for these people —there is no justification for the hard- ships and sacrifices to be imposed."

Said Cmdr Johnson, "it is difficult to understand how the Veterans Adminis- tration can participate in any war against poverty or in the establishment of an im- proved society when it closes hospitals and domiciliaries."

Part of the scope of the cutback is noted in the list of VA hospitals scheduled for closing at: Lincoln, Neb.; Castle Point, N.Y.; Sunmount, N.Y.; VA Cen- ter, Bath, N.Y.; Rutland Heights, Mass.;

Dwight, 111.; Miles City, Mont.; McKin- ney, Tex.; Brecksville, Ohio (Broadview Hts. Div.); Grand Junction, Colo., and Fort Bayard, N.M. Nat'l Cmdr Johnson urged Congress to oppose VA closings at the Jan. 28 Senate Vet- VA domiciliaries scheduled for closing erans Affairs Subcommittee hearing. With him are John J. Corcoran, Nat'l Rehab Direc- were at: Bath, N.Y.; White City, Ore.; tor; Dr. Irving Brick, Medical Advisor; and Nat'l Legislative Director Herald E. Stringer. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 29 NEWS.

who are called upon to make great sac- eign aid on the next day cannot be jus- On Jan. 22 a joint statement by the rifices for the Nation's safety and benefit tified to the veterans of real war when commanders of veterans organizations

. . . When the emergency is over, we for- we are embarking on a war against pov- totaling 4.5 million members was issued, ." get the promises . . . apathy waxes" erty and disease . . decrying the proposed VA cutback and Sen. Mansfield said that the VA situa- Sen. Allott (Colo.): "... I wish to calling for an immediate full Congres-

tion is not isolated, that government bu- say one word on behalf of the Grand sional study and review. The statement

reaus, using cost-computers, are steadily Junction VA hospital in Colorado . . . also asked for meetings with President pulling government services and installa- All the computers in the world cannot Johnson, the Director of the Bureau of tions out of the sparsely populated states. show the heartaches and the trouble that the Budget, and with the Administrator He added: "On what side of the ledger taking one veterans hospital away from of Veterans Affairs. of these so-called economy decisions do an area like Grand Junction would The joint statement was signed by you put the losses of the man who is cause ... It will mean a 7- or 8-hour Donald E. Johnson, National Com- thrown out of a job by the change? On drive over two high mountain passes of mander of The American Legion; Lin- what side do you put the losses of the 12,000 feet to go into Denver, an equiva- coln Tamraz, National Commander, bankrupt businesses? On what side do lent drive into Salt Lake City, or even AMVETS; William G. Dwyer, National

you put the losses inherent in the forced a longer drive to Albuquerque . . . We Commander, Disabled American Vet- are emasculating the veterans services at movement of people . . .? On what side erans; John A. Jenkins, Commander in do you put the decline in property val- the very level where they are meant to Chief, Veterans of Foreign Wars; and

ues? On what side do you put the cur- be effective . . . The veterans' facilities Melvin D. Eddy, National Commander, tailed and inadequate services which re- are spread out in the manner in which Veterans of World War I, Inc. sult the change to those who are they are for the reason that veterans, from TV INTERVIEWS entitled to the best by law and equity? who have earned the right to proper care Nat'l Johnson also had separate ... I should like to support measures from their Government, should have an Cmdr for Appalachia, Urbania, or whatever; opportunity to be hospitalized within a TV-taped interviews with Sen. Jack Miller (R-Iowa), and with Rep. Olin E. but I do not propose to support them at reasonable distance from their own the expense of a new economic waste- homes." Teague (D-Tex.), Chairman of the ." House Veterans Sen. Gruening (Alaska) : as Committee. land in Rockania . . "As soon Said Johnson at the Miller interview, Sen. Mansfield put on record a long the facility in Juneau is closed, veterans "VA hospitals won't be closed if The letter from Montana Veterans Welfare in Alaska will have to travel 1,000 miles American Legion can help it." Director Harry E. Sawyer regarding the to obtain service. They cannot very well Senator Miller endorsed the Nat'l closing of the Miles City hospital. walk that distance. They will have to "I join with spend their money for airplane fare . . . Cmdr's views and added, MONTANA HOSPITAL PROBLEM These decisions are unjust and unwise. Sen. Mansfield, Sen. Dirksen, and others ". both sides the aisle in calling Wrote Sawyer, in part: . . Does any- I doubt whether they are sound economi- on of upon ." the to reconsider this action." one in the VA realize that there is no cally . . VA

railroad or bus service between eastern Sen. Yarborough (Texas) : "I will call Said Rep. Teague, "I plan to call hear-

Montana and Helena? A seriously ill vet- hearings on this in the Senate Subcom- ings of the House Veterans Committee

eran who cannot afford hospital care in mittee of Veterans Affairs, of which I very shortly to discuss this most impor-

Glasgow or Wolf Point would have to am chairman, at the earliest moment . . . tant subject of the VA closings. ... I am be brought 400 miles by car. Tempera- (Hearings began Jan. 22.) This is action greatly interested in the announced in- tures this winter have been hovering be- by the Bureau of the Budget. The Bu- tention of the VA to close the hospital at low the zero mark for the past month. It reau ... has fought the (Cold War) GI McKinney, and regional offices at Lub- would be at the risk of his life to bring Bill under the last three Presidents. They bock and San Antonio."

such a veteran over snowy, ice-packed have been the stumbling block in its way. Nat'l Cmdr Johnson talked by confer-

roads for 8 to 10 hours to be hospital- I think that the hearts, the aims, and the ence telephone with the Legion's depart- ized at Fort Harrison (the Helena VA desires of the American people should be ment commanders informing them of the

hospital.) . . . Hour after hour the roads given some of the attention by the Budg- gravity and scope of the cutback and of on the High Line are closed due to bliz- et Bureau that its computing machines the necessity for a united front to pre- ." zards. A car can start from Plentywood receive . . vent its happening.

in pleasant weather and be stalled in a Sen. McGovern (S. Dak.) : "The with- Reports of shocked disbelief were also blizzard between Glasgow and Malta. drawal of VA service personnel from quick in coming from Legionnaires close ." This is inhuman . . Sioux Falls, S. Dak., to St. Paul, Minn. to rehabilitation work and from VA hos-

Other quotes from the Senate Jan. 15 . . . means that our veterans will have to pital patients and domiciliary members colloquy: travel 300 miles in order to discuss spe- themselves.

Sen. Metcalf (Mont.) : "There was not cial problems with VA service person- For example, at Thomasville, Ga., the ." a word in the State of the Union speech nel . . domiciliary scheduled to close has 800 as to what the Great Society would do Sen. Burdick (N. Dak.): "This is al- operating beds and an average daily

for veterans . . . We thought, 'The sub- most identical with the situation that pre- membership load of 758 since July 1, ." ject will be deferred to a special mes- vails in Fargo, N. Dak. . . 1964. It has 168 fulltime employees, six sage.' Then we were informed that in Also included in the long list of Sen- medical consultants and 127 members order to save $23.5 million as a part of ators who protested losing or transferring who perform work under the Therapeu-

the VA economy program, the VA . . . VA facilities were: Winston L. Prouty, tic and Rehabilitation program.

has gone to its computers . . . and has Vt.; John Sherman Cooper, Ky.; Senate In order to be eligible for domiciliary

come to the conclusion that it should Republican leader Everett Dirksen from admission, veterans must swear to not be close the listed facilities ... Is there not 111.; Jacob K. Javits. N.Y.; George able to pay for similar care, must not be to be anything in the Great Society for Aiken. Vt.; Leverett Saltonstall. Mass.; able to earn a normal living, and must

veterans? . . . Saving $23.5 million on Carl T. Curtis, Neb.; and Jack Miller, not need hospital treatment. one day and spending $3.3 billion in for- Iowa. George Osborne, Dep't Adj't of

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 — . . — ...... NEWS

Georgia, and the editor of The Georgia have spent so much fixing up these facili- tion at Brecksville, Ohio, is the neuro- Legionnaire, went immediately to the ties. The buildings and fixtures here are psychiatry hospital in the same town, is at Pittsburgh, Pa., Thomasville Domiciliary upon hearing in the best shape . . . since I came here." while the farthest the news of its scheduled closing. Ex- Editor Osborne discussed the facili- ( 1 24 miles away) is cerpts from his lengthy and complete ties: "As I look over this 265-acre The closest to Castle Point, N.Y., miles away), report follow. reservation . . . and . . . see new X-ray at West Haven, Conn., (82 equipment just being uncrated, a new and the farthest is at Brooklyn, N.Y., ON THE SPOT TESTIMONY Addressograph room just completed, (96 miles away) causes concern, "To sec babies cry me acres of new tile on the floors, a new For Dwight, III., the closest is Hines, to see women crv makes me uncomfort- $65,000 boiler, new gas lines . . . the 111.. (65 miles away), the farthest is St. able, but to see grown men cry is just underground water and sewage systems, Louis, Mo.. (240 miles away). about more than I can take. When you fire stations and maintenance facilities, For Ft. Bayard, N. Mex., the closest talk to a 74-year-old veteran of WW1 I find it hard to comprehend that closing is Tucson, Ariz., (201 miles away), the in who saw duty on the Border and this place at this time is going to save farthest is Whipple, Ariz., (384 miles France, and in later life suffered numer- money. The per-diem cost for each mem- away ) ous heart attacks and a stroke that left ber here in 1964 was $5.70—the lowest For Grand Junction, Colo., the closest one hand paralyzed, to see him cry as he in the VA system—yet moving these men is Denver, Colo., (258 miles away), the his for 15 tells you this has been home to other stations is an economy move farthest is Ft. Lyon, Colo., (372 miles years and now it is to be no more, this is so they say. . . . The plan to move men away ) a personal tragedy to this man no matter from Thomasville into Dublin, Bay For Lincoln, Nebr., the closest is how you play it. Pines, Biloxi, and Mountain Home is Omaha, Nebr.. (54 miles away), the a person •"When you try to comfort sheer folly inasmuch as these installa- farthest is Knoxville, Iowa, (233 miles like this, and there are hundreds just tions already have waiting lists. If we away ) like him, by assuring him your organi- think getting a veteran into the hospital For McKinney, Tex., the closest is zation is fighting to reverse the decision has been rough in the past—look out for Dallas, Tex., (33 miles away), the far- if unsuccessful, you feel sure he will and the future!" thest is Muskogee, Okla., (267 miles be cared for at another installation, this Nationwide, the picture was just as away ) gives this man little consolation. bleak for possible domiciliary trans- For Rutland Heights, Mass., the clos-

"He said to me. 'This is my home ferees. est is West Roxbury, Mass., (45 miles the other members and the staff are my Members at the Bath, N.Y., domicili- away), the farthest is Albany, N.Y., family. I am too old to start over. What ary will be relocated at either Dayton, (118 miles away) am I going to do?' I didn't have an Ohio (472 miles away), Kecoughtan, For Sunmount, N.Y., the closest is answer." Va., (491 miles away), or Wood, Wis., Albany, N.Y., (151 miles away), the

Osborne talked to Max Law, WW1 (708 miles away). farthest is Togus, Maine, (232 miles vet, 67 years old. Said Law, "I and am The members at Clinton, Iowa, will be away ) a victim of arthritis and I've been here relocated at either Wood, Wis., (174 For Miles City, Mont., the closest is since August. The treatment 1 have re- miles away), Wadsworth, Kans., (397 Sheridan, Wyo., (212 miles away), the ceived here has been the best. I think that miles away), or Martinsburg, W. Va., farthest is Fargo, N. Dak., (473 miles it this place closes some of us that are (851 miles away). away) severely disabled may be placed in other The Thomasville members will go to EFFECTS facilities, but some of the fellows will Dublin, Ga., (155 miles away), Biloxi, ECONOMIC be out without a place to go." The adverse effect on the economic Miss., ( 347 miles away ) , Bay Pines, Fla., And from Thomas Robinson, 74, a (281 miles away), or Mountain Home, structures of the respective communities WW1 Army vet: "I have been on this Tenn., (457 miles away). involved in the VA closings is incalcul- size each, station for five years. I think it is a poor White City, Ore., domiciliary mem- able. Depending on the of plan to close this place. 1 require maxi- bers will be transferred to Los Angeles some will be more affected than others. mum care . . . due to emphysema and (754 miles away), Whipple, Ariz., ( 1 100 For example, the VA hospital at heart trouble. ... I have hopes that some- miles away), Hot Springs, S. Dak., Dwight, 111., is in a communitv of 3,150 thing will happen so they will not close ( 1399 miles away). Temple, Tex., (2096 people and employs approximately 250. this place. The staff here is wonderful miles away), or Bonham, Tex., (2057 For this small communitv. the VA hos- and treat me fine. I would hate to leave miles away) pital was one of the main sources of them." Patients remaining in the VA hospitals business revenue, and its closing will Said Otis Williams, 68, "I saw Border scheduled for closing will be given a seriously affect its future economic Service and served in France in the first choice of transfer to several surround- status. war. I have been here since 1949. It will ing hospitals. However, it is questionable In a letter to President Lyndon B. be like leaving my family to leave here whether all patients will be able to go to Johnson, Representative Emanuel Celler and I hope something will keep them their first choice. of New York, declared that the closings from closing us up." Following is a list of the hospitals to at Castle Point, Sunmount and Bath, Osborne talked to Frank Turvey, 64, be closed and the nearest and farthest would displace 1,590 patients, eliminate who served in the U.S. Navy during hospitals which patients can choose, 1,460 jobs and reduce local payrolls by

WW1: "I was speechless! I came here many of which will have to enlarge their $9. 1 million a year. Nov. 1953 and am 100% service con- normal waiting lists to accommodate The day following the VA closing an- nected disabled. I hope I will be able to them. nouncement, Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. transfer to some VA Center with domi- The closest VA hospital to Bath, N.Y., Johnson keynoted The American ciliary care because I would be unable is at Batavia, N.Y., (70 miles away), Legion's stand: "I doubt if it is the will of to secure employment. I have to use a while the farthest is at Montrose, N.Y., the American people that this society be walking cane to get around. The reason ( 250 miles away ) built at the expense of those who have

I was so shocked . . . was because they The closest hospital to the TB installa- risked their lives that this nation, under THE AME ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 31 1

God, might endure, and who now find NEC OK's Reserve Merger services which themselves in need of the By a seven-to-one ratio The American their government in Washington is best Legion National Executive Committee equipped to render. has approved Defense Secretary Robert total mobilization of "I now call for a S. McNamara's plan to merge the Army the efforts and resources of The Ameri- Reserve and National Guard which he disastrous can Legion to prevent this proposed on Dec. 12, 1964. proposal from becoming reality." Following McNamara's proposal, that Legionnaires write or He asked Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson author- D.C., and protest the wire Washington, ized a special committee, under the B. Johnson, closings to President Lyndon chairmanship of Legion Nat'l Security VA Administrator William J. Driver, Commission Chmn William C. Doyle Committee on Chairman of the House (N.J.), to meet with Defense Dep't Affairs Olin E. Teague, Chair- Veterans officials and interested quasi-military or- Subcommittee on man of the Senate ganizations to study the effect of the Yarborough, and Veterans Affairs Ralph proposal on the basic defense structure representatives. their own Congressional of the U.S. Johnson testified On Jan. 28, Cmdr Prior to this meeting, Legion policy VA Administrator William J. Driver Veterans Affairs Sub- before the Senate called for strong reserve and guard forces presented the views of the 2. measurement and per- committee and New work and was spelled out in Resolution #623 of The reorgani- nearly 2.6 million members formance standards and other of the 1964 Nat'l Convention. Mc- American Legion in opposition to the zation and planning programs. Namara's plan would blend the reserve proposed VA cutback. 3. The large scale application of into the National Guard. automatic data processing and the estab- Chmn Doyle's group recommended New VA Chief lishment of a new department of data that the Legion should offer support to President Lyndon B. Johnson has management. the Defense Dep't change in military nominated William J. Driver, 46, to be A native of Rochester, N.Y., the new reserve alignment. the new head of the U.S. Veterans Ad- administrator was born May 9, 1918, was Said Nat'l Cmdr Johnson: "The Le- ministration (title: Administrator of educated in that city, and was graduated gion's Nat'l Security Special Committee Veteran Affairs). Driver, a career VA cum laude from the University of Niag- did not arrive at its decision to support employee since 1946, has been second in ara with a degree in Business Adminis- the principle of the realignment hastily, command of the VA as Deputy Adminis- tration in 1941. nor were its deliberations without cer- trator since Feb. 1961. WW2 intervened and Driver joined tain reservations. Members of the com- Driver's nomination and the resigna- the U.S. Army in July 1941, was dis- mittee were well aware that too many Nat'l John S. Gleason, tion of Past Cmdr charged Nov. 1945, and went to work for changes have marked the reserve pro- Jr. who had been appointed (1957-58), the VA in Feb. 1946. gram since WW2." administrator the late President John by While working at the VA by day, he However, he said, "the Legion realizes in Jan. 1961, were an- F. Kennedy attended George Washington University fully that in the complex urgencies of President nounced on Dec. 26, 1964, by in Washington, D.C., by night, earned the international military situations of to his Johnson. Gleason has returned po- his LL. B. degree, and was admitted to today there can be no fixed formula." sition as an officer of the First National the D.C. Bar of Law in 1952. He is a The special security committee study Bank of Chicago. member of Wynnewood Legion Post 5 1 was passed on to the NEC in the form President Johnson said he was "partic- of Dallas, Tex. of a resolution. Committeemen re- ularly pleased" to announce Mr. Driver's nomination because "he is the first career official to administer the affairs of Amer- ica's veterans." Driver, a WW2 and Korean War vet, holds numerous military decorations, including the Distinguished Service Medal. He has earned the VA's two highest awards, the Exceptional Service Medal, and the Meritorious Service Medal. In 1964, he also was awarded the Career Service Award of the National Civil Service League. The new VA chief began his career in the Contact and Administration Services, switched to Compensation and Pension Service, and then later directed the entire benefits program as Chief Benefits Direc- tor before becoming Deputy Adminis- trator in 1961. Driver has had a leading role in many VA changes in recent years. These include: From I. to r., William Doyle, Legion Nat'l Security Commission Chmn, and John Davis, 1. The veterans pension law, PL86- Vice Chmn, as they met with Cyrus Vance, Deputy Sec'y of Defense, and Stephen Ailes, 21 I. Sec'y of the Army to discuss the controversial Army Reserve-Nat'l Guard merger plan. 32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 NEWS sponded by telegraphic vote to Cmdr bears a religious emblem. He added that The Kansas City Athletics announced Johnson, favoring the Defense Dep't plan this trend toward a memorial-park type the signing of Rolland Fingers, 18-year- "if implemented as proposed." cemetery will extend to certain other old pitcher-outfielder who led the Post national burial grounds." 73, Upland, Calif., team to the 1964 1964 Membership Totals In American Legion baseball championship. The 6-4, 190-pound righthander The official 1964 membership of The Back in the early 1930's, Richard L. bonus, said the club, and American Legion was 2,544,437. The Johnson pitched for the Cooperstown, got a $20,000 was assigned to the Burlington, Iowa, Legion is still the nation's largest vet- N.D., American Legion Baseball team team. Fingers pitched two victories for erans' organization with a membership which won a department championship. Upland in the Legion finals at Little greater than all other major veterans' He has been in the headlines again and Rock, Ark., played outfield, won the bat- groups combined. again, most recently for piloting the U.S. ting title with an average for the region- Official membership for 1964 in the Air Force F-lll on its maiden flight at al and finals competition of .450, and Legion's junior organization—The Sons Carswell AFB near Fort Worth, Texas. was chosen the Outstanding Legion of The American Legion—was 17,333. The F-lll is the supersonic aircraft Player of 1964. Final membership for The American known originally as the TFX (tactical Legion Auxiliary was reported as fighter, experimental). In 1948, while Directed toward the retired worker and 907,819. serving in the Air Force, Major Johnson others with leisure time, a book entitled set a jet fighter speed record of 670.98 "Crafts For Retirement" is edited and BRIEFLY NOTED miles per hour. published by American Craftsmen's Members of the 50-piece band of the Council, 29 W. 53rd St., New York Ohio Soldiers & Sailors Orphans Home The new American Legion Motion Pic- 10019. Priced at $2.95 for a single copy in Xenia are sporting their first new uni- Catalog (1965 edition) lists many ture (quantity discounts are available), the forms in 24 years. Actually, 60 uniforms films in all categories which may be bor- book has chapters on ten crafts: hooked were purchased—with donations of cash rowed for only the handling charge of rugs, weaving, needlework, block print- and trading stamps to the amount of $2.50 per film. Most of those listed are ing, silk screen printing, hand press print- $5,000 by Ohio posts and individual 16mm black-and-white sound films. Says ing, jewelry and metalwork, enameling, Legionnaires. The old uniforms were also the catalog: "The staff of the Motion pottery, and woodworking. bought by Legionnaires. Picture Section will gladly assist you in The first part of the book defines the In the photo, Steve Allen (left) is making suitable selections, or in any problems of retired persons, points up shown in the parade uniform, which is other way attempt to help you solve your the benefits of sustained, serious crafts a decorative overlay, front and back, film problems. Feel free to consult the training, and reviews the most successful with military belt and shoulder cord Motion Picture Section at any time." programs. The remainder of the book added, for the concert uniform. Steve a copy of the catalog write to For provides detailed discussions of the crafts plays a baritone horn. Flute player Motion Picture Section, The American fields and projects—written, according Sharon Napper and saxophonist Charles Legion, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, to the editors, by leading authorities and Bruce are wearing the Navy blue concert Ind. 46206. teachers. Each author explores the suit- uniforms. On the right is George W. ability of his craft and points out its Schumacher, band director. The gift of a 93-acre Eastern Ohio hill possibilities and limitations for older country farm and perhaps as much as people. All of the necessary materials $20,000 in cash, says the Ohio Legion and equipment are listed, with advice on News, has been offered to The American how to set up a workshop. Sources of Legion of Ohio for the creation of a supply are also included. The specific project for "the moral, physical and rec- projects suggested within each of the ten reational development and advancement sections have been carefully tested and of youth." The offer, made in the will of found suitable for the average older the late Durward I. Bernhard, Life adult, say the editors. Legionnaire in Barnesville Post 168, will be considered carefully before the Dep't A film designed to assist students to stay Executive Committee acts on it, Dep't in school and continue their education is Adjutant Joe Deutschle said. "Adults in a Hurry," available to Legion posts from The Jam Handy Organiza- The Montana American Legion and tion, 2821 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit, Auxiliary spent $2,880 for relief work Mich. 48211. The only charge for the following the disastrous Montana floods. 25-minute color film is for return post- Legion raises $5,000 for band uniforms. Over $5,000 was contributed directly by age. Give booking dates when writing. individual Legion posts and units. Valier The Ohio Legion News reports that Post and Unit 36 received $1,442.59. Since 1938, The American Legion has "Legion blood pressure rose recently That area bore the brunt of the Birch provided $186,000 in cash scholarships over a Mansfield newspaper letter about Creek flood. Here, many lives were lost, at the national level, reports the Nat'l the removal of 13,000 Christian crosses homes destroyed, and ranchland laid to Americanism Commission. from the Nat'l Memorial cemetery in waste. Punxsutawney, Pa., sent in $35 Honolulu. Dep't Cmdr Buck Allen asked after reading about the Montana Legion The Dep't of Virginia won the 1964

Rep. William Minshall about it. His flood relief fund in The American Legion Middle Atlantic Child Welfare reporting prompt reply said the upright wooden Magazine. The Montana Legion and award, showing a 215% increase in its crosses, riddled by termites, have been Auxiliary had contributed $1,117 to the reporting over 1963. replaced by flat stones, each of which Alaskan earthquake relief fund. (Continued on next page) THE AM ER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 33 POSTS IN ACTION Post 21, Winchester, Va., and its Auxil- Russell Mays (left) receiving the check iary Two members of Post 923, Chicago, 111., gave $1,200 to the town Recreation from Alfred Adkins (right). In the back- recently won the spotlight of attention. Dep't for erection of a shelter in the play ground are Leslie Knokle and John Chicago policeman Roy Wienckowski court area of City Park. Many WW1 Ward." and his partner answered a robbery and Legionnaires contributed much to the assault call in their district. After search- construction of the War Memorial Build- ing ing they captured four men in an aban- there. doned building while the culprits were dividing the loot. "Not to be outdone by Post 22, Lebanon, N.H., participated in Past Cmdr Wienckowski," says Orbit, a joint gift by veterans groups of seven the Voice of F.D.R. Post, "post member TV sets to the VA Hospital at White Stanley Sablo responded to the screams River Junction, Vt. The Vermont Auxil- iary financed the modification of a woman outside his Bonnie Ann Tap of the an- and discovered that she had been tenna system to extend TV facilities to many additional rooms. knocked down and her purse stolen. He saw a young man running away and took Tobacco dollars for Legion park project. off in pursuit. Although Stanley weighs Post 57, Cobleskill, N.Y., has given Funds derived from the sale of to- in at a strapping 250 pounds, he closed $7,000 and pledged $3,000 more for a bacco are to be used to develop 6.5 acres the distance between him and the fleeing total gift of $10,000 to the Schoharie of land as a Legion Memorial Park lo- thief rapidly. The man then turned and Co. Community Hospital for a new Emergency Suite of rooms. cated near the post home. The park will threw the purse at Stanley, who retrieved include a shelter house, picnic ground, it and gave up the chase." Post 119, Estes Park, Colo., served and facilities for Boy and Girl Scout breakfast one recent day for the entire Troops. Post 1958, Chicago, 111., distributed city of Estes Park. Sausage, eggs, flap- food, clothing, and toys costing over Post 115, Platte, S.D., far outdistanced jacks—all you could eat. $600 to families of disabled and hospital- the field in providing the largest number ized veterans in Chicago and suburbs. of birds for this year's American Legion "The chant of the auctioneer had just Gaily gifts veterans wrapped went to the female stopped," says The Hoosier Legionnaire, pheasant feeds for hospitalized veterans in all local veterans hospitals. Springs, and Sioux "when this picture of several members at Fort Meade, Hot J. is Falls. birds earned Post 115 The Helen Ross Post 1958 made up of Versailles, Ind., Post 173 was taken. The 420 of ex-service High trophy, women of WW1, WW2, They had just auctioned off the tobacco the Grant H. Morgan Gun the South Dakota and the Korean War in all branches of raised by post members on the Alfred awarded annually to birds. Although service. Adkins farm. Top Basket sold for $64 post providing the most figure was In the photo, shown with some of the per hundred pounds, with a total gross the final total department goodies, are (left to right): Mrs. Florence amount of $358.96 being realized from down over last year's 2,896, there were nearly B. Tharp, adjutant and past cmdr; Mrs. the crop. Twelve to 15 Legionnaires of enough birds to provide for the Emily Nevrel, cmdr; Mrs. Mary Wallace, Post 173 worked the crop and harvested 2,000 hospitalized veterans. chaplain and past cmdr; and Mrs. the tobacco on a half share basis on .45 Chrystal B. Day, service officer. of an acre. Pictured here is Post Cmdr COMRADES IN DISTRESS Readers who can help these comrades are urged to do so. Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. They are not accepted from other sources. Readers wanting Legion help with claims should contact their local service officers. Service officers unable to locate needed witnesses for claims development should refer the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- sion through normal channels, for further search before referral to this column.

Camp Lee, Va.—Need information from anyone who witnessed an accident to Joseph Leib on the obstacle course on June 16. 1943, in which his back was injured, especially from men in Hospital Ward 30 in June and July. Write to Joseph Leib, 4990 Columbia Pike. Arlington, Va. Fort Knox, Ky.: 2nd Arm'd Div, 66th Arm'd Reg't, Co I—Henry Orlowski, Walter Glosake, and Edgar Culbertson are asked to give information which may aid in a claim by Homer Lunde, who states that in Oct. 1943, while training recruits on the rifle range, his hearing was affected. Contact: Matt Mueller, W1S1, N8030. Hilltop Dr., Menomonee Falls, Wise. 2109th AAFBU, Sqdn C, Turner Field, Ga.— Neal Luckinbill or others serving with "Jay" Dumas in this outfit in 1945 contact Veterans Service Office, Columbus, Nebr. 762nd RR Shop Bn, Iran & Germany—Need information from men who served with Walter E. Krollzick, who is suffering from jungle rot. Write him at 948 Wells Ave. S.W., Canton, Ohio. Information may help him establish a claim. 342nd Bn, Tank Corps, Co B, Camp Greene, Raleigh, N. C.—Need information from anyone who knew Pvt. Joseph A. Renshaw, RFD 1, Carmi, 111., for purpose of establishing a Lady Legionnaires distribute over $600 worth of food, etc., to Chicago vets. service connected disability. 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 — E NEWS

In Montana: Fairfield Post 80 sparked Vista and Ajijic. Shown in the photo are far as he could and got a car to take him the drive for a community swimming (L to R): Robert Cobb, Howard Henter- to the hospital. pool and donated $3,000 to the fund. shee, Carl Kemmerer, Karl Lueder, Dr. A Certificate of Merit went to Howard Paradise Post 129 gave $830 to com- Gilberto Rubalcaba (head of Chapala Rightsell, Second Class Scout, Troop 41, munity projects in Paradise, Plains, and Hospital), Charles Haywood, Harvey Hume, III., sponsored by Post 369. When Camas Prairie for schools' athletic equip- Miller, Harold Mayhew, and Post 7 his nine-year-old sister tripped and fell ment. Valier Post 36 provided $500 for Cmdr Doug La Pine. suspended over a cliff, Howard, 11, a new filter for the community swim- dropped onto his stomach and reached Legion gift: special type hospital bed ming pool. over the edge of the cliff toward his sis- B ter. He directed her to grab his arms and

Post 1, Denver, Colo., is offering its Bells held her suspended in this precarious of Peace hi fi record album, containing position until others got hold of his feet music of the Carillon Americana Bells and pulled them both to safety. of the United States Air Force Academy —favorite tunes of WW1 and WW2 Post 64's Radio Round-up for $2.95 each. It originally sold for $4. Post 64, Sioux City, Iowa, utilized Make out checks or money orders to radio cars, newspaper, TV and radio to

Leyden-Chiles-Wickersham Post 1 . Ad- spark a highly successful one-day mem- dress: 1 370 Broadway, Denver, Colo. bership drive. With the help of the Tri- State Fleawatters, says Past Dep't Cmdr Post 166, Alliance, Ohio, gave Ameri- C. Glenn Hamm, who was chairman of canism awards to the Alliance Review Life Saving Awards the drive, about 200 members signed and to radio station WFAH in recogni- Three recent Boy Scouts of America up (and paid up) in one afternoon. This tion of their cooperation in Legion Court of Honor awards for saving life, brought the post's membership to 1,300- activities. involving Legion-sponsored scout units, plus, with a goal of 2,500. have been announced. A Medal of Merit Explains Mr. Hamm: "Last year's un- Post 41, Artesia, N.M., has dedicated a went to David Tritle, Cub Scout, Pack paid members, along with their telephone new $40,000 home (see photo). About 119, Peterson, Iowa, sponsored by numbers, were noted on 3x5 cards. 300 people attended the dedication of the Legion Post 10. After a car crash which Names of tax exempt veterans from the air conditioned building, which has a killed his parents and injured their three assessor's office records were also placed Legion meeting room. Auxiliary meet- children, eight-year-old David tramped on cards. The newspaper, television and ing room, Service Officer's office, and through deep snow, lost a shoe, and radio picked up the story with excellent kitchen. Post 41's Building Chairman is eventually found help. His perseverance coverage. This let members and eligible

Leland A. Wittkopp, commander is saved his sister and brother from perish- members know that they would be called. Floyd Economides, and Adjutant is ing from exposure. "Calling crews were located in offices Harold Taylor. A Certificate of Merit was awarded to where two or more phones were avail- Kenneth Holmes, Second Class Scout, able. They telephoned to solicit mem- Troop 71, Plymouth, Mass., sponsored bers, using the pamphlet, "The Amazing by Post 40. When a youngster accident- American Legion." along with a typed ally severed a main artery on a piece of list of other Legion services as sales tools. glass, 12-year-old Kenneth controlled If a member agreed to pay his dues, or the bleeding by applying a compress and an eligible veteran agreed to sign up, hand pressure. He carried the victim as the caller promised that a radio car and a Legionnaire would be at his door in a few moments. The prospect was asked THE AMERICAN LEGION Modern new home: Post 41, Artesia, N.M. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS to have his check ready. The name and D CEMHEK 31. 1 96 1 address were then called in to the base ASSETS Cash on hand and on deposit S 3,031 283.7 1 station, which transmitted this message Receivable 271 to the car and Legionnaire nearest the Inventories 365 Invested Funds 1,663 address for a quick pick up. The six cars Trust Funds: Overseas Graves Decoration and solicitors, spotted over town, were Trust Funds 285,359.85 never idle and did an excellent job in Employees Retirement Trust Fund 3 .511,857.19 3,800 217.01 the pick-up activity. 228.39 Real Estate 814 "Thanks to the Fleawatter organiza- Furniture & Fixtures, Lens Dcpn ciation 238 953.38 Deferred Charges 69 031.14 tion and this system of membership col- 10,258 391.91 $ lection, color and excitement were added LIABILITIES. DEFERRED REVENUE VND NET WORTH to what is at times a dull, hard job." Current Liabilities $ 967 370.83 Funds Restricted as to use 17 530.26 PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Deferred Income 3,397 885.01 One of the oldest Legion post homes is Trust Funds: this Cyril J. (Gus) Paul, appointed Dep't building, erected in 19?0. It is the Overseas Graves Decoration headquarters of Post 107 in Donna, Texas. Trust Funds 285,359.85 Adjutant of South Dakota. A Past Dep't Emplovees Retirement Trust Fund 3 ,51 1,857.19 3.800 Cmdr. he succeeds Robert Whittemore, Post 7, Lake Chapala, Mexico, has pre- Net Worth: resigned. Reserve Fund sented to the Chapala Hospital a special 23.119.11 Restricted Fund 23,889.33 type of restraining bed which the hos- Real Estate 811,228.39 Glenn Howe, former Legion Service Reserve for Rehabilitation 578,607.84 pital did not have. Money for the pur- Reserve for Child Welfare 129,813.02 Officer, Dep't of Oregon, appointed Reserve for Convention .... 60 ,000.00 chase came from a dance held at the Dep't Adjutant, succeeding 1,631,687.69 Maurice E. Legion Club, and from donations by Le- Unrestricted Capital U3.701.05 2,075 Druhl. resigned. $10,258 391.91 gionnaires and friends in Chapala, Chula (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 35 I

Randel Shake, the Legion's Nat'l Child nation of Henry D. Lindsley for chair- Thomas S. Fields and William Reid and Jon Schaaf and David V. Weller (all 1964). Post 692, Welfare Director, reappointed to the man of the caucus. Philadelphia, Pa. Joe W. Hughes, Sr. and John A. Porter Public Advisory Committee on Venereal (both 1963) . Post 2, Abbeville, S.C. Disease Control. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Wm. Arthur Clark (1961) and Marion B. Williams (1962) and Franklin D. Goodale The award of a life membership to a Legion- (1964), Post 17, Camden. S.C. naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Oliver Jean (1963) Stephen DIED know him best that he has served The Ameri- and W. Dunbar can Legion well. (1964), Post 1, St. Albans, Vt. Catlett L. Jenkins (1964), Post 55, Fredericks- Martin Walsh, of Quincy, 111., a mem- Below are listed some of the previously un- published life membership Post awards that burg, Va. ber of the Society of American Legion have been reported to the editors. They are William A. Chapman and Charles S. Cutler and Howard E. Giles and Brady (all founders. arranged by States or Departments. Howell 1964) , Post 86, Paden City, W. Va. C. H. Adler (1964), Post 3, Mobile, Ala. Rolin W. Shaw and Jack Seider and Glenn Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Paul A. Martin, of Lansing, Mich., Past Snodgrass and L. J. Taylor (all 1963), Post 1, tion only on an official form, which we provide. Reports received only Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1921- Phoenix, Ariz. from Commander, Ad- Ben I. Young (1949) and Watson McFadden jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded 23). (1954) and Dr. Walter H. Mansfield (1964), Post the life membership. 28, Petaluma, Calif. They may get form by sending stamped, self- Wayne B. Bayless and Dennis Lasher and addressed return envelope to: Wallace Limond and George Routh and Luther James Lamar McCann, in Seale, Ala. A "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Westbury (all 1964), Post 48, Oxnard, Calif. 5th Ave.. New York, N.Y." 10019.

Walter J. ( Post Prune- Legionnaire who held his membership Zimmerman 1964), 593, On a corner of the return envelope write the dale, Calif. number of names you wish to report. No written in the Dep't of France, he was a Past William and Carl J. Ekenberg and Conway letter necessary to get forms. Nat'l Executive Committeeman from R. E. Hutchison and William H. Karls and Reuben P. Markus (all 1964), Post 21, Chicago, France (1936-52). 111. Chauncey C. Cadmus (19551 and George F. NEW POSTS Hime (1964), Post 41, La Grange, 111. George R. McConnell and G. Glenn Ritchie The American Legion in 1964 chartered Edward A. Linsky, of Philadelphia, Pa., and Charles Spooner (all 1965), Post 77, Belvi- 98 new posts and 87 Sons of The Ameri- while on a visit in Tel Aviv, Israel. He dere, 111. Gustave Bossuyt and Lloyd D. Sharp (both can Legion squadrons. Texas was the was a Past Dep't Adjutant (1935-53). 1964). Post 246. Moline, 111. Earl Cory and Per W. Johnson and John V. leader with 15 new posts. Ohio chartered McNeil, Sr. (all 1962). Post 398, Hazel Crest. 111. 16 new squadrons, California 11, and Eduard Leonard Pauser, in Antwerp, Leo A. Parker (1955) and Vincent M. King and William C. McMahon (both 1964). Post 774. Illinois 9. Belgium. A Life Member of the Legion, Chicago, 111. Jacob V. Jacobson and Arthur G. Larson and New posts chartered recently include: he was president of the Belgian Com- Alfred C. Lien and Bernard P. Reese, Sr. (all Miracle Strip Post 264, Miramar Beach, mittee, People-To-Peopre Program. 1964), Post 864, Rockford, 111. Walter S. Holtgreve (1965), Post 917, Mary- Fla.; Avery Bethel Post 267, Greensboro. ville, 111. James Barron (1964), Post 197, Shelburn. Ind. N.C; Saint Leo Post 524, Saint Leo, George D. Hill, of Dover, Del., Past Dr. George B. McNabb (1964), Post 316. Car- Minn.; Checotah Post 267, Checotah, Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1940- thage, Ind. Harry Jensen and Adolph Klusmeier and Dr. Okla.; Bradley-Thompson Post 570, 42). O. N. Schultz and Peter Sorensen (all 1964), Post 658, Latimer, Iowa. Clare, Iowa; Imperial Beach Post 820, August Codispoti and James R. Jones (both Imperial Beach, Calif.; Center Point Post Post 152, Whitesburg, Ky. M. E. Litch, of Brush, Colo., Past Alter- 1964), Joseph M. Gonder (1964), Post 71, Oakland, 197, Birmingham, Ala.; and Jack nate Nat'l Executive Committeeman Md. Louis H. Brown and Amelia E. Linn and Williams, Jr. Post 222, Marks, Miss. (1935-37). John E. Moore, Jr. and Calvin G. Pry or, Sr. (all 1963), Post 239, Cascade, Md. Charles J. O'Connor and James B. O'Neill and Joseph T. Davis, of Glen Arbor, Mich., Raymond G. O'Neill and Allen H. Osgood (all OUTFIT REUNIONS 1963) , Post 28, Northampton, Mass. Past Dep't Adjutant of Panama, C.Z. Alex P. Waara (1962) and John P. Niemi and Reunion will be held in month indicated. For (1954-55). George M. Wold (both 1963) and Elmer J. particulars, write person whose address is Jestila (1964), Post 186, Hancock, Mich. given. Clarence L. Perrizo (1964), Post 133, Jasper, Notices accepted on official form only. For Minn. form send stamped, addressed return envelope J. Murray Devine, of Manchester, N.H., Wilbert E. Newman and Ed Ranslen and to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, Henry H. Schnoor (all 1964), Post 20, Fremont, a Legionnaire and attorney, son of 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices Nebr. should be received at least four months before Maurice F. Devine, a member of the Harry Titus (1960) and John C. Plunkett scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary (1961) and Harry S. Shemelia (1962) and Cor- to get form. Legion's Nat'l Legislative Commission. nelius Fred C. Nor- Hammeelmen (1963) and Earliest submission favored when volume of cross, Jr. (1964), Post 294, Pemberton, N.J. requests is too great to print all. Ted Boudreaux (1959) and Frank Bailey and Philo C. Calhoun, of Bridgeport, Conn., Cliff McKinney and C. F. Montgomery and Harry Stephemson (all 1963), Post 7, Carlsbad, ARMY who attended the St. Louis Caucus, N. Mex. 1st Minn. & 135th Inf (WW1)— (May) Jos. P. Joseph R. Sloane (1964), Post 18, New York, Heck, 6206 Chowen Ave. N., Minneapolis, served as Dep't Cmdr (1919-20), and N.Y. Minn. 55429 was voted the title of Past Nat'l Vice Fidelis G. Kritzer (1964), Post 24, Rome, N.Y. 2nd Cav Reg't—(May) Louis T. Holz, 1838 James C. Bronner and Dr. Fred Sabin (both Ashurst Rd., Philadelphia, Pa. 19151 the Cmdr of Legion at the 1933 Nat'l 1964) , Post 31, Little Falls, N.Y. 4th Arm'd Div (New York Chapter)— (Apr.) Convention. N. Jack De Gaetani (1964), Post 347. Larch- Ed Rapp, 144-47 72nd Rd., Flushing, N.Y. mont, N.Y. 10th Eng (Forestry, WW1)— (Apr.) James P. Edward P. Bader and Charles A. Clapper and Morton, P.O. Box 548, Placerville, Calif. Walter A. DesRault, Jr. and Manuel J. Faria 10th Mountain Div— (July) Martin Brusse, 4105 Mrs. Charles W. Gunn, of Portland, and Rudolph J. Johnson (all 1963). Post 391, E. Florida Ave.. Denver, Colo. 80222 Brooklyn, N.Y. 11th Eng (WW1)—(May) Joseph V. Boyle, 326 Ore., Past Nat'l President of The Amer- Edward Betz and Frank V. Votto (both 1964), York St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Post 951. Ozone Park, N.Y. ican Legion Auxiliary (1958-1959). 12th Defense Bn— (July) James D. Clark, 35 Leslie Westphall (1964), Post 1289, South New Half St., Hershey, Pa. Berlin, N.Y. 16th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Lester Bennett, 5820 Stanley J. Autenrith (1964), Post 1524, New- Recamper Dr., Toledo, Ohio 43613 Harry O. Pearson, of Bellows Falls, Vt., port, N.Y. 19th Spec Service Co— (May) J. K. Henderson. a general member of the Legion's Re- John C. Overman (1964), Post 278, Middlesex, N.C. Box 2046 Parkersburg, W. Va. 1171st (Aug. habilitation Commission and a former Charles G. Alfano (1964), Post 102, Oberlin, 20th, 1340th, & Eng Combat Bns— Ohio. George F. Rankin, 5711 Ave. H, Brooklyn, member of the Nat'l Executive Com- Burton A. Riley, Sr. (1963) and James W. N.Y. 11234 Theodore A. Johnson, 205 mittee (1958-59). Potts and Gerald W. Strauss (both 1964), Post 42nd Div— (July) 162, Marion, Ohio. Montgomery Ave., Rockville, Md. 20580 Ben B. Ballenger and F. S. Hugill (both 1964), 50th Eng, Co A— (July) Gaylord Tapp, R.F.D., Post 1, Tulsa, Okla. Brownsdale, Minn. J. L. Cochrun, of Akron, Ohio, who was J. Frank Graft (1962) and Arno H. Thompson 51st Gen Hosp— (June) Adrian L. Lawwill, 1321 Sheridan Dr., Danville, 111. 61833 a delegate to the founding caucus of the (1963) and Leslie R. House (1964), Post 122, Kittanning, Pa. 63rd Inf, Co E (WW2)— (June) George F. Legion in 1919, and at the May 1919 Isaac Light (1959) and William Imhoff (1960) Whitemore, 526 E. Wall St., Morrison, 111. and David Thomas (1961), Post 559. Annville, 63rd Inf Div— (July) Edward J. Sullivan, 50 caucus in St. Louis seconded the nomi- Pa. Beecher Ave., Waterbury, Conn. 06705 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 NEWS

TSIIi Arm'd Field Art'j Bn, Bat C— (June) Gene Persian Gulf Command —(June) Ed Ralph Dris- Kennedy. Box 5002. Mt. View Sta., Anchorage. kell. 1761 E. 84th Ave.. Denver, Colo. Alaska 99504 American Legion Life Insurance Topographic Eng, 30th. 64Sth, 660th. 2772nd Bns, SOth Div (AEF, ETO)— (Aug.) R. H. Duncombe, Month ending December 31, 1964 1621st. 1622nd E.M.M.D. ( WW2)— (Aug.) Jim 911 W. 8th St.. Erie. Pa. 16502 Heyer, Box 308, Sumner. Iowa. Bn, (July) Dr. SSth Chemical Mortar Co C— Benefits paid Jan. 1-Dcccmber 31 .. S 743,020 Fred T. White. P.O. Box 160. Livingston, Benefits paid since Apr. 1958 2.178,781 NAVY Tenn. 38570 Insurance in force (dollars) 256,748.304 37th Scahecs (June) Herman J. Richardson, S. Nelson, P.O — 95th Inf Div— (Aug.) Theodore Basic units in force (number) 113,246 700 Ravine Rd.. Fort Worth. Tex. 76105 Box 1274. Chicago. 111. 60690 applications since Jan. 1 14.127 New tiHlh Seabees— (Sept.) John E. Chandler, Mc- 95th Medical Gas Treatment Bn— (May) Walter New applications rejected 1,641 Lemoresville. Tenn. 38235 J. Gantz, 829 Palm St.. Scranton 5. Pa. American Legion Life Insurance is an official 74th Seabees— ( Aug ) Harold Hady. 309 Willow Inf, I (Apr.) Ray Nolan, 46 program of The American Legion, adopted by 101st Co (WW2) — Rd., Wauconda. 111. the Natl Executive Committee, 1958. It is Lamb St.. Attleboro. Mass. Il\\ Attack Cruise, reducing term insurance, issued on application, Sqdn 3 (Mediterranean 103rd Inf (WWD— (May) Harry Worcester, Box 1957-58)— (Apr.) R. E. Morris. 303 Collins Dr., subject to approval based on health and em- 75, Keene. N.H. ployment statement to paid up members of Sanford, Fla. 104th Inf Div— (Sept) Howard S. Bedney, 721 The American Legion. Death benefits range LST 391 (Aug.) George Odde, 625 W. 4th St., Byron Ave., Franklin Square. N.Y. from S8.000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- Thermopolis, Wyo. ' ) E. 181st, 947th Field Arty Bus— (Aug Louis ducing steps with age to termination of in- LST 874— (Mavf Leonce L. Heady. Myers Albright. 713 Liberty St.. Ripon, Wis. 54971 surance at end of year in which 70th birthday Corner Rd., RD rr3, Wappinger Falls. N.Y. 190th FA (WW2)— (July) Mel Sober. P.O. Box occurs. Available in single and double units at Marine Air Gp 25— lAug.i Bob Biggane, 34 361. Sunbury, Pa. 17801 flat rate of S12 or S24 a year on a calendar Euclid Ave.. Delmar, N.Y. 313th Ammo Train, Co D (WW1)— (June) Mrs. year basis, pro-rated during first year at SI CSS Nicholas (DD 449)— (Aug.) Janus B. Lip- Clark Harris. Idana. Kans. or S2 a month for insurance approved after part. 200 Ruby St.. Lancaster. Pa. 316th Inf— (Sept.) Edwin G. Cleeland. 6125 Mc- Jan. 1. Underwritten by two commercial life ISS Oklahoma (BB 37)—(May) Edward H. Callum St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 19144 insurance companies. American Legion insur- Lutz. 673 Lindley Rd.. Glenside. Pa. ance trust fund managed by trustee operating 317th Field Sig Bn— (May) John E. Pacheco, USS Olvmpia— (May ) Marvin R. Keck, 818 c o Parker House, 60 School St.. Boston, Mass. under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may Clark St.. Rapid City, So. Dak. use the full words "American Legion." Ad- 346th Eng. Co (June) Wayne B. Clark, R =2 USS Rail (DE 304) — (Julv i Timothy E. Sulli- D— ministered bv The American Legion Insurance Mount Vernon, Iowa 52314 van. 3818 Washington St.. Gary. Ind. 46408 Department. P.O. Box 5609. Chicago. 111. 60680. USS Richard W. Suesens (DE 342) -i Aug.) 351st Inf, Co G (WW!)— (Aug.) Ben W. Jones, to which write for moie details. Ethel. Mo. Calvin R. Krause, 422 S. Dewey Ave.. Jeffer- 471st Ambulance Co (WW2)— (Apr.) James son, Wis. Lamia, 4147 Garvey Dr.. Mehlville. Mo. 63129 USS Walker, Erben, Hale, Stembel— (Aug.) 471st Eng Maint Co— (June) Anthony DiCroce, 819th Tank Dest Bn— (Julv) John Chanko, 29 John Gish, 801 E. 3rd St.. Kewanee, 111. 301 Seneca Pkwy.. Rochester. N.Y. 14613 S. 10th St.. Mahanoy City. Pa. 17948 821st Aviation Eng Bn, Co A (Julv) Louis 478th Amphibious Trucking Co— (June) Gilbert — AIR Kunkel, 123 2nd St.. Spring Valley, 111. E. Crozier, 123 Jerrol Ct.. Elyria. Ohio. W. 61362 4th Airdrome Sqdn— (July) William D Pond, 546th Bn, Bat— (Aug.) Calvin Swagerty, AA Hq 993rd Treadua.v Bridpe Co— (Aug.) Robert L. R -1. Lynchburg. Ohio 45142 Wakefield. Nebr. Stillwagon. 138 E. 5th St.. Box 67. Chapman. 36th Air Depot Gp, Hq Sqdn— (July) Harold L. 555th AA Bn Mobile— (July) Herman Ninte- Kans. 67431 Kinzig. 142 Outerview Dr.. Xenia. Ohio 45385 man, 7526 Morgan Ave. S., Minneapolis, 3820th QM Gas Sup Co— (Aug.) Jack M. Smith, 362nd Fighter Gp, 378th Fighter Sqdn— (Aug.) Minn. 55423 Rt. 5, Mexico, Mo. 65265 William H. Stewart. Box 36. Air War College, 732nd Rwv Oper Bn— (Julv) Ralph B. Rogers, 4287th QM Salvage Repair Depot— (Julv) Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Jr. 6306 Shelbourne St., Philadelphia, Pa. Joseph J. Bernard!, 2127 S. 12th Ave., May- 509th Composite Gp. 393rd Bomb Sqdn (VH,

760th Tank Bn— (June) G. P. Hutchinson, wood. 111. Wendover & Tinian. WW2) — i Aug I Jacob R.F.D. 1. Box 15F, Colonial Heights, Va. Military Rwy Service — (Sept.) Earl W. Steuber, Beser. 1313 St. Albans Rd.. Pikesville. Md.

805th Tank Dest, Co A— (July) Clark Kreisher. Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 6 Penn Center Rich Field Aviation School— i Aug.) William E. Bloomsburg RD 1, Bloomsburg, Pa. Plaza. Philadelphia 4. Pa. Beigel. 312 Northcrest Dr.. Kansas City. Mo.

OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE AMOUNT OF INSURANCE BASED ON AGE* AGE FULL UNIT As a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being for as little as 7o a day Under 35 $8,000 with Official American Legion Life Insurance. Simply mail this application with a 35 to 45 4,500 45 to 55 2,200 check for $18 for the Full Unit of protection for the remainder of 1965. That comes 55 to 60 1,200 60 to 65 to only $2 a month! (Normally no medical examination is required. However, it 800 65 to 70 500 is your application not accepted, your $18 will be promptly refunded.) "Alter vou 5i(En up, your coverace gradually reduces as shovm in chart).

OFFICIAL APPLICATION for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN I LEGION AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHECK MUSI ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION LIFE Full Birth Date INSURANCE Name PLAN Lost First Middle Mo. Day Year Permanent Residence Street No. City State IMPORTANT Name of Beneficiary _ Relationship

' If you reside in New Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones York, North Carolina, Membership Card No. Year Post No. State Ohio, Texas, Wiscon-

I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 rj sin, Illinois. New Jer- sey or Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? . Are you now actively working? American Legion Life

Insurance Plan, P.O. Yes No If No, give reason

Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- cations and benefits stay and cause vary slightly in some 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details MAIL TO:

all AMERICAN LEGION I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, statements and answers recorded on this application

are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under LIFE INSURANCE

the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may PLAN, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. P.O. BOX 5609, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Dated 19 Signature of Applicant 60680 OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-6 ED. 5-63

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 37 WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF THE MOON? (Continued from page 11)

the air and that, of course, is when the

heat is worst and most dangerous. In high latitudes, however, there are always shadows in one direction or another and there are spots within the crater rings, far north or south, that never get sunlight. An exploring base might even be set up under the protection of such a crater ring. But might not the absence of sunlight be just as bad? Without any oceans to serve as heat reservoirs; without any air to circulate warmth from lighted to un- lighted regions, temperature plummets at

once as soon as sunlight is withdrawn. During the two-week-long night, tem- U.S. Marines dig in on Iwo Jima beachhead. peratures reach something like 250° below zero F just before dawn.

That, however, sounds worse than it is. THE IWO JIMA BATTLE An explorer encased in his spacesuit in the coldest part of the lunar night is sur-

rounded by vacuum. There is no piercing stretched IWO JIMA, by Richard F. New- to 150 days, and the word was wind to carry heat away from him and comb. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON, out to conserve weapons and ammuni- is very tion. the ground underneath a poor NEW YORK, N.Y., $5.95. The defense prepared by General Kuribayashi was a good delaying action. conductor, too. He can lose heat only by Iwo Jima is 660 miles from Tokyo. The general did not believe that he radiation and that is a slow process. In Only 5i/£ miles long and 2i/ miles wide, 2 could hold Iwo. is its name translated means "Sulphur other words, the explorer a kind of The United States was just as precise Island," derived from the island's vol- living Thermos bottle and his own body in its plans for invasion. It committed canic composition. 111,308 men to the battle, 70,647 of heat will probably suffice to keep him It was on this dismal spot that Japan whom were Marines charged with as- warm even under the most frigid condi- prepared to defend to her Empire the saulting the island. list of provi- The tions. death. And here, beginning on Febru- sions included everything from pencils For that matter, if heat or cold is any ary 19, 1945, and continuing for five and toilet paper to holy water and weeks, in some of the fiercest, costliest at all, the explorers can always cigars. . . . "The Fifth Division alone problem fighting of the war, the U.S. Marines carried 100 million cigarettes and dig underground and set up a base sev- made combat history. food to feed enough Columbus, Ohio, eral feet below the surface. The lunar Lt. Gen. Tadamichi Kuribayashi, 53- for thirty days." Ships started loading surface is so poor a conductor that the year-old Japanese commander of the as early as November and began moving island, drew up the plans for defense: 1. out in mid-January. broiling heat of day and the frigid cold there would be no firing upon enemy Author Newcomb sets the stage for of night affect only the outermost skin of vessels, 2. there would be no opposition the conflict and the invasion begins. rock. A little way below the surface, the to the enemy on the beaches, 3. the The battle, which we estimated could temperature is unchangeably comfort- Japanese would not shoot until the last about two weeks and which the enemy had penetrated 500 yds., and 4. Japanese were ready to fight for five able. the main defense would be made from months, ended in five weeks. Its cost A base underground would offer at the underground installations in the was: some 20,000 Japanese dead; 6,821 least partial protection against cosmic north. The Japanese had food supplies Americans dead and total U.S. casual- rays, and would also offer protection for 75 days, which possibly could be ties, including wounded. 28,686. r.SH against the fall of meteorites. The Moon,

like the Earth, is subjected to a constant rain of tiny particles from space, but on Krakatoa, by Rupert Furneaux. and general, as seen through his own the Moon there is no atmosphere to burn PRENTICE HAIL, INC., ENGLEWOOD writings and those of his contempo- them into harmless dust. CLIFFS, N.J., $4.95. raries, in a compilation of letters span- The story of the eruption of the ning the years 1816 to 1871. To be sure, most of the meteorites are triple-coned volcano Krakatoa in Au- so tiny as to be harmless. At most they gust 1883, and the ensuing "tidal" Public Papers of the Presidents of might gouge tiny scratches in an ex- waves caused by it. Located in the the United States— Harry S. Truman. plorer's faceplate. However, there would Strait and Sunda separating Java Su- UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING be occasional pieces large enough to matra, the explosion was one of history's OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C., $6.75. penetrate weak points in the suit. great natural disasters. A 671 -page volume giving the ver- It is possible that explorers might carry batim transcripts of President Truman's umbrellas of thin aluminum to guard Lee, edited by Ralston B. Lattimore. speeches and addresses, news confer- against this. Flying grit would expend its EASTERN NATIONAL PARK & MONUMENT ences, messages to Congress and other harmlessly in the ASSOC., PHILADELPHIA, PA., $8.75. news releases during 1949, the fifth year energy puncturing um- Robert E. Lee, the boy, man, soldier of his administration. brella. Larger pebbles capable of passing through the aluminum without being

Books that are in print can usually be purchased at local bookstores, or ordered appreciably slowed could be fatal, but it through them if not in stock. Readers who may wish to order books directly from would be unreasonable to worry about publishers can obtain publishers add) esses from their bookstores. We regret that such a low-probability event. The ex- we do not have a reader semice staff, and can only return to the senders requests to plorer would be in greater danger of purchase books that are sent to this magazine, editors being struck by an automobile every time he crossed a street on Earth.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 .

That leaves the matter of the terrain. cation that there are any precious sub- zona. That crater, only a few thousand The usual illustrations of the lunar sur- stances on the Moon. It is probably made years old, is in a desert region where it face by imaginative artists show it to of rock similar to that which builds up has been comparatively safe from ero- consist of crags and ravines, of steep, the Earth's crust. Anything common on sion, and that is the only reason it has rugged mountains and of jagged valleys. the Moon would be common on the survived during its short lifetime. What Apparently, this is not so. The Moon is Earth, anything rare here would be rare about older craters? There are faint rem- composed of gentle slopes with moun- there, too. Even if we found a cache of nants of some, but nothing that can be tains and crater edges eroded into round- diamonds on the Moon, or a rich strike of studied clearly. ness, as the Ranger VII photographs uranium, how would we get it back to On the Moon, however, where the showed. Since the Moon's gravity is only the Earth? processes of erosion are much slower 1/6 that of the Earth, an explorer will However, mankind seeks more than and less drastic than on Earth, all the have no trouble negotiating the terrain, material wealth. There is, first and fore- marks of creation must be present with even while wearing a bulky and massive most, knowledge. Only by actually land- remarkable freshness. From the Moon's spacesuit. If he has a vehicle at his dis- ing on the Moon and exploring it can we surface, we should be able to read the posal, he is on easy street. enrich our knowledge about the Moon Moon's past and this will tell us the

There is some concern lest at least itself. Nor should you ask what good it is Earth's history also. We may find out, for parts of the Moon's surface be covered to know about the Moon, for the knowl- the first time, just how planets are cre- by many feet of dust. If so, the explorer edge of the Moon may tell us much about ated (and perhaps why the Moon is so might rind he could carry through his the Earth and ourselves. impossibly large) explorations only on broad sled-like ve- Both Earth and Moon were formed Then, too, the Moon would be an hicles and even then be in constant dan- billions of years ago, it is believed, by astronomer's paradise. Here on Earth, ger of dust burial. Most astronomers who certain natural processes. Astronomers the night is only 18 hours long at most. have studied the Ranger VII photo- are at loggerheads concerning the exact The air dims the stars, and temperature graphs conclude that this is not so; that details of those natural processes. There variations in the atmosphere cause their the Moon's surface may be crunchy, but might have been clues built into the struc- light to shake and twinkle. City lights solid. (Some, however, disagree.) ture of the Earth but if so, those clues bleach out the stars, fog and clouds ob- All in all, once we manage to land men have long since been obliterated by the scure them, man-made dust and smog on the Moon, with adequate equipment action of water, wind and living things. blot them out. Our telescopes must, in and supplies, actual exploration of the For instance, the Earth must have desperation, be placed in isolated regions Moon may be considerably less danger- been subjected to the fall of large meteor- on top of mountains, and still man's ous than exploration of Antarctica. ites through its history, but there is the habitations encroach. But why explore the Moon at all? clear mark of only one such fall—a de- But the Moon—there the nights are What is there to find? There is no indi- pression, like a tiny lunar crater, in Ari- (Continued on next page)

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Address CAR FURNISHED -EXPENSES PAID L City Zone State THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 39 —

WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF THE MOON? yond the orange ring in the sky will be (Continued from page 39) the faint white corona of the Sun. No one

who sees this sight will ever forget it. two weeks long and there is no air or consider the expense and danger of the On top of all this, there will be the man-made dust. The stars can be seen trip repaid in full once he saw the Earth excitement of experiencing low gravity. steadily and brightly. Better still, the in the sky. The sensation of feeling feather light, of planets can be seen clearly. A small tele- The Earth as seen in the Moon's sky being able to jump far and high, will be scope on the Moon would see the details (going through the same phases the a great novelty. Of course, control of of Mars' surface more clearly than even Moon goes through for us) is nearly four the body under conditions of low gravity the largest telescope on Earth could. We times as wide as the Moon we see here on will not be simple and it will be easy to might be able to solve the mystery of the Earth. It is about 13 times the area and, take tumbles. The man who has his Martian canals, for instance, without since it reflects much more light than the "Moon-legs" will have ample opportun- having to go any farther than the Moon. Moon does (thanks to the Earth's pos- ity to laugh at the tenderfeet who are The Sun, too, could be studied with session of clouds and oceans), the Earth still in the process of adjustment. particularly good results from the Moon. in the Moon's sky is 70 times as bright as Indeed, there be individuals None of its radiation would be cut off; the Moon we see here! may who will see the as something its corona would easily be made visible at Because the Moon always turns one Moon more than a place for a tourist's visit. all times. of its faces toward the Earth, the Earth They to stay. Could not all such observations be seems to hang motionless in the Moon's may want made from a space station? Perhaps, but the Moon would support an astronomical Once mankind makes a start on the observatory much more comfortably Moon, such permanent stays may than any space station could. well become possible. The Moon itself used as of material In addition, there is no substitute for can be a source and energy so that a lunar colony might be- the Moon for radio astronomy. It is only 30 years since astronomers have begun to come largely independent of the Earth. interpret the radio waves that reach Nuclear power stations based on lunar energy, as Earth from the sky and to deduce many uranium could be used for could the bright sunlight, never dimmed interesting facts from them. And already, radio astronomers are concerned by clouds. Hydroponic farming, powered that man's own increasing use of radio by such energy, could supply ample food. may soon blot out the weak signals from What's more, the Moon is not. after the sky. all, as dead a world as has been thought. In recent years, signs of volcanic activity A space station would do no good in that this respect for Earth's "radio racket" have been reported so there may be internal heat that can be used as an would fill the space around it. On the Moon, however, an astronomical observ- energy source. too. there is air or atory could be set up on the far side, the Then, though no water the surface, what about one that never sees the Earth. With a on Moon's couple of thousand miles of rock be- the regions under the surface? It is not tween the observatory and the noisy completely impossible that traces of air linger in crevices the Earth, astronomers could listen to the and water under surface and, if so, these could be sal- music of the spheres in complete and blissful silence. vaged for the use of a lunar colony. Indeed, some speculate that it may

YEARS ON THE Moon Could tell US even be possible for primitive micro- TEN "When he said he wanted to break our scopic life to have developed in these more about the universe than a engagement, I simply smiled sweetly, said thousand years on the Earth might be I was sorry he felt that way, and shoved underground caches of air and water. If the ring down his throat." able to. so. how fascinating it would be to study

It is all very well for explorers and these nearest examples of non-Earthly

scientists to have fun on the but it life. And even if lunar life does not exist, Moon, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE would be nice to feel that there could also Earthly bacteria might take hold in such be something on the Moon for the ordi- sky. (As seen from some spots on the sub-surface areas. Our space scientists take that possibility seriously to nary person—for you and me. Moon, it is always directly overhead. enough sterilize Suppose trips to the Moon became From other spots, it is always low in the make every effort to any object routine; is there any reason for an ordi- sky, in some particular direction. And that we hope to send to the Moon. nary Earthman to go? from nearly half the Moon's surface, of Even if air and water do not exist

Yes, indeed. There would be the ex- course, it is never seen.) underground, the necessary hydrogen citement of strange places, the thrill of Every once in a while the Sun. in its and oxygen (and other substances too) a completely new kind of surrounding, passage across the Moon's sky, moves be- could be obtained from the rocks them- and the wonder of sights never before hind the Earth. (Here on Earth we see selves, provided only that energy is avail- seen. this situation as a lunar eclipse, an able. The Sun (viewed through special pro- eclipse of the Moon.) The Sun will stay The time may come when huge under-

tective devices, or better still, by indirect behind the Earth for as long as an hour ground caverns may be gouged out below means such as television) would be a and the Moon's surface will grow dark the lunar surface and made airtight. fearsome object, and the incredibly nu- but not entirely. Lunar cities could slowly be built, cities merous and bright stars of the night-sky The sunlight will light up the Earth's in which men and women can go about would be beautiful. Nothing, however, atmosphere all around its globe and this in absolute comfort without spacesuits; would be as magnificent as the one sight will glow as a bright orange circle around where children can be born and the gen- in the lunar sky that cannot be dupli- a perfect blackness, and cast a mysterious erations pass. cated here on Earth. Any tourist would ruddy glitter on the Moon's surface. Be- Such Moon colonists might become so

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • M RCH 1965 —

adapted to the Moon's weak gravity as to and in doing so it must overcome the become unable to endure the Earth's friction of the atmosphere without dan- strong pull. If that were to happen, the gerous overheating. In returning, it must If you're crossing colonists would be isolated from the combat that same friction. home world. Fearing this, it is likely that On the Moon, however, the escape the street and you exercise. the colonists will take care to velocity is only 1 .5 miles per second and can Large centrifuges, for instance, there is no atmosphere to interfere. suddenly get a mimic Earth gravity, and regular stints Furthermore, the lunar colonist would within such centrifuges will keep the be far better adapted, psychologically, to colonists in tone. spaceflight. He would be used to an en- whiff of an autumn

The possibility of the colonization of vironment where there is no air or water. the Moon is a particularly exciting aspect He would be used to traveling about in a day in the woods, of the future. It is the strong and cre- spacesuit every time he has to leave his ative who undertake the dangers of a city. He would be used to handling his long migration to a new land. Colonies, body under conditions of low gravity. stimulated by the hardship of the fron- Spaceflight would have few terrors for you've just passed tier, often outdo their homeland. The him and he could endure the thought of ancient Greeks in Asia Minor and Sicily many months, or even years, in a space- a man smoking were more prosperous than those of ship better than a pampered Earthman Greece. The Europeans who built up the could. United States, Canada, and Australia The chances are that man will have Field & Stream outdistanced the old continent. reached Mars before lunar colonies have Could it be that a society established become independently flourishing cities. Pipe Tobacco. on the Moon would outdistance us, form After that, though, I think leadership in a bright new civilization, solve problems space exploration may well pass to the with which we struggle vainly, and Moon colonists. eventually come back to teach us their When the first human being lands on New open-air cut new and better ways (as America has, a satellite of Jupiter, or heads out on the more than once and in different ways, long, long trip to the nearest star, it prob- come back to rescue Europe)? ably won't be an Earthman at all who For that matter, consider the Moon will be the hero of the hour—but a colonists and the space age itself. The Moonman. escape velocity from the Earth is seven Send men to the Moon? Of course! miles per second. A rocket must attain We'd be disowning the future if we that speed if it is to reach other worlds didn't. THE END

EDITOR'S NOTE: A product of Philip Morris Inc. TENTATIVE MOON SCHEDULE ac Friends who read Mr. Asimov's ing Item 5 is in the present g SECRETS °you rs"[f MUSIC manuscript felt that he might be tentative schedule of NASA. Items This Money-Saving Way . mixing dreams with fact. "Mr. 6 to 8 are in the discussion stage: YES! Teach your- r^m^g

> self Piano, Gui- , , *wi i Asimov is a top science writer," 1. Two more Ranger TV crash tar, ANY inst.ru- m ment—even if you they admitted, "but he's also a landings this year. don't know a note now! Famous proven Course makes it easy as A-B-C. Play actual pieces right top science-fiction writer," they 2. Moon surface surveys by un- away FREE BOOK U.S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC. Studio A463,Port Washington. L. I.. N. Y.. (Est. warned. "Moon bases with large manned Surveyors which will land, 1898. Lie. N. Y. State Educ. Dept.) Tear out this ad. groups of people actually living take TV photos, sample the soil there are nothing but romance, so 1966-69. far, are they not?" they asked. 3. Moon mapping by orbiting $25.00 REWARD Romantic, yes. Just romance, satellites in the period 1966-69 no. Moon bases with up to 80 and possibly beyond. just for using the M-K men, while not yet planned, are 4. Possible manned orbiting of part of the present thinking, with moon in period 1967-69. Fund Raising Plan a year as close as 1980 as a pos- 5. Initial landing on moon by two Should your group be looking for ways to raise sibility. Each step in moon-shot men of a party of three in orbit money for some important project NOW IS THE planning is subject to revision, around moon, hopefully between TIME to get complete details on the famous Mar- based on what is learned as we 1968 and 1970. ion-Kay Plan - - already proven by over 160,000 go along. Things now in the 6. Several manned landings of church, school, civic and fraternal organizations. "thinking" stage might be for- several weeks duration, between If your group hos never participated before, in- gotten later, or accelerated. But 1970 and 1974. clude their complete name and they will be elig- by no stretch of the imagination 7. Medium moon base set up by ible for the $25.00 reward. are any of them just romance. crew of up to ten men during Below is a list of moon projects period 1973-1978. WRITE TODAY! actually planned, or presently 8. Medium lunar base set up by being considered for future plan- crew of up to 80 men during MARION-KAY ning. Everything up to and includ- period 1975-1980. PRODUCTS CO., INC.

Dept. 1 8, Brownslown, Indiana THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 41 -

THE GREAT FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY Jfe Borrow BY MAIL (Continued from page 18) 24 Per Month " $ has been no confirmed case of anybody fluoridation is a mineral nutrient." In 44— Repays l/000 IS' being harmed by drinking water contain- short, a food. Enjoy the things yoo want NOW with a confidential ing the recommended one part per mil- Many Protestant, Jewish Catholic - and LO AN • by - M AIL — get any J tfi amount, $100 to $1,000. Pay badkin lion. Such cases as have been cited leaders are on record as favoring fluori- small monthly installments to fit your paycheck. Noco-makers. Cash 30 Monthly You Gel Payments invariably have involved higher concen- dation. The Rt. Rev. Francis J. Lally, ^Hr Also, Credit Life Insurance is a vail able, at nominal cost, which will pay $ 100 $ 4.78 trations or other factors. Fluorides are editor of The Pilot, publication of the the balance of your loan in case of death. 300 14.33 No matter where you live, rush this coupon poisonous in the same way as common Archdiocese of Boston, has written: now. Loan Order Blank mailed FREE 500 23.55 In a plain envelope. No obligation. Actl 700 32.10 salt, oxygen, aspirin or water, which can "With fluoridation, as in vaccination and DIAL FINANCE CO., 4 10 Kilpalrick Bldg. 900 40.23 Dept. 3-092 - Omaha, Nebraska 68102 1,000 44.24 kill you if you get too much of them. the like, the larger considerations of the

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Name lated that to absorb a lethal amount of more than two thousand . . . who with Addresa- fluoridated water would require drink- the best medical advice, bring this great ing 50 bathtubfuls at a sitting, and to advance in public health to their resi- | City Zone.. Amount you want to borrow produce even the mildest symptoms of dents." I $ fluoride poisoning would require swal- The case for fluoridation is summed

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

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AMPLIFIES SOUND 1,000,000 TIMES! "Do we have to say grace for leftovers?" SNOOPER- THE AMERICAN LECION MAGAZINE WORLD'S ONLY The Americans who have long been PRIVATE LISTENING drinking fluoridated public water have shown none of the dire consequences DEVICE predicted for them, while their children • Aim it at a group of have better teeth. With their numbers friends a block away approaching 55 million in 1965, fluorida- and hear every word! tion is gaining ground—however slowly. • An outgrowth of the There remain about 1 30 million unfluori- fabulous missile- dated Americans, and the progress of tracking antennas fluoridation is not always smooth. For example, in what the president of the local • Transistorized dental society termed "a day of infamy Weighs only 4 lbs. for our children," Riverhead, N. Y., last This is literally an electronic marvel that's a direct re- year ceased fluoridation. The predictions sult of the space age. Incredible as it may seem, it of bodily harm have never been borne does amplify sound 1,000,000 times. Sensitive 18" disk reflector will pick up normal conversations at a out, and the one argument that cannot distance (500 ft.) where you can't even see lips moving. Just think of the ways you can use this. be set to rest by pure science is the argu- Portable; complete with tripod and stethescopic ment against compulsory medication on earphones. The best part— a regular tape recorder can be plugged into the back to take everything principle. But the scientists have the down. Have fun! most convincing word when they say LINCOLN ELECTRONICS. Dept. AL-3 that fluoridation meets a mineral need of 122 East 42nd St., N.Y. 17. Send — -Snoopers @ $18.95 Enclosed check or M. 0. for $ normal teeth. Hence, they say, it is no NAME more medication than the water it is in, ADDRESS- and should only be disapproved on prin- CITY -STATE. ciple by people who have principles (Add 85c posloge) against public water. the end THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 43 "

How a little pill helped me Auto, Fire Insurance Up. STOP SMOKING TV, Tire, Battery News. PERSONAL Life Insurance For Women.

Over-all, there's going to be a 5% to 6% increase in auto liability insurance rates this year. And there's a good possibility that fire insurance costs on your home may move up a bit, too. Note this paradox about auto liability rates: While they're on the rise, you may be lucky and get away with no increase at all, or even earn a reduction; conversely, you could be tagged extra hard. That's because the companies affiliated with the Nat'l Bureau of Casualty Underwriters and the Nat'l Automobile Underwriters Assn. concurrently are making a wholesale reclassification of drivers. This revamp is based mainly on age, sex, marital status, and accident record. In a nutshell:

More favorable premiums will go to most men under 25, particularly if they are married; women, From 4 packs to 0 in 5 days! aged 30 through 64, who live alone or are the only drivers in the household; some multi-car families; and the parents of youth- By Quentin Reynolds ful drivers if the kids are at school more than 100 miles away. "I was a 4 to 5 pack-a-day smoker. With the Stiffer premiums will be charged for unmarried girls under 21; and un- help of a little pill called Bantron, I stopped married men aged 25 through 29 when they are the owners or principal completely in 5 days. It 's wonderful to think there is such a marvelous aid to quitting or operators of a car. cutting down. As for fire insurance: Insurance companies are applying for higher premiums on an individual (rather than wholesale) basis—and getting them. Bantron is an important medical discovery, developed at a great American university, that So your future costs will be governed by where you live and who insures you. has helped people in over 14 countries to stop smoking. series of clinical tests reported in A In the world of everyday products, you'll find that: a leading Medical Journal* established that 4 out of 5 people who wanted to quit smoking COLOR TV-set prices are continuing to edge downward toward the $375 within 5 days when they took Bantron. stopped level for low-end models. Sales are brisk. But so is competition among the the Bantron way is so easy and pleas- And set makers, insuring plenty of bargains for smart shoppers. ant ! Bantron does not affect your taste, is not habit forming. It acts as a substitute RADIAL PLY TIRES are getting a lot of publicity these days because the in system, and curbs for the nicotine your big U.S. makers now are starting to market them. These shoes (originally your desire for tobacco. built for sports cars) have a ply that runs at right angles to the line of travel, Taken as directed, Bantron is perfectly safe. Just take 3 Bantron tablets a day, after are very tough, have low rolling resistance, but are pretty expensive (about for four days. Then only 2 a day until meals, 25% more than regular tires). Some experts say they aren't compatible with all desire to smoke leaves you. 80% are "Free" in 5 to 10 days. Now _ the "soft" suspension systems on standard cars; but the tiremakers contend al drug stores with- cSHfl'AH this is a minor drawback, are starting to shoot for the replacement market. oat prescription. Also ^#Q1HL^/BE available in Canada. brand ® AUTO BATTERIES are going to be more expensive for a while. A big Smoking Deterrent Tablets reason is that the price of lead (a major ingredient in batteries) has risen * Copies available to doctors on request. over 30%. Latest battery price hikes have been in the 4% to 7% range. Write Campana Corporation, Batavia, III. AN ELECTRONIC MESSAGE CENTER to replace the family bulletin board now is on the market (at about $40). Instead of scribbling out a note ELECTRIC SHAVERS to the wife or children, you tape-record it. A signal light alerts the family. Brand new, latest models, fully guaranteed. All \ orders mailed in 24 hours. LIST OUR , a jk*';i] MEN'S MODELS PRICE PRICE There's a growing conviction that women—like men—have a measurable "20" "^Norelco Speedshaver . . $19.95 .. $14.45 "200" economic value. You can see this in the latest life insurance figures which Ronson 19.95 . . 12.95 "30" Norelco Floating Head . . . 29.95 . . 16.95 "25" show that insurance owned by women (on themselves) has tripled in the last Remington 29.50 . . 16.65 A Remington Lectronic II 37.95 .. 24.45 billion. w Schick Super Speed 29.50.. 17.85 ten years. Their share is now $120 billion out of a total of $795

Sunbeam with Barber Trim 26.25 . . 18.45 life insurance to the family for loss Add $1.00 extra for Postage and Sales Tax. Complete refund Basically, women buy 1) compensate will be made, if you are not satisfied. Send check or M.O. to: of their services in the event of death, and 2) as a legacy for their children. JOHN BROOKS. DEPT. 145, BOX 212, ST. LOUIS 66, M0. Over half the insurance is held by working women; housewives own the next biggest share; and something less than 10% is held by students. Shrinks Hemorrhoids If you or your wife become interested in such insurance, here are two guideposts: New Way Without Surgery • Life insurance rates for women are cheaper than for men (women live longer). Roughly, a 30-year-old woman pays a rate equivalent to that of a Stops Itch -Relieves Pain 27-year-old man. In short, there's a three-year differential. For the first time science has found a • Most women (38%) buy limited-pay life insurance. About 30% buy new healing substance with the astonishing straight life. Around 15%, buy endowment policies. The rest buy retirement- ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve pain — without surgery. income or combination policies. In case after case, while gently relieving * pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. A reminder on a personally important matter: • National health authorities Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing again are emphasizing that everybody should have the following immuniza- statements like "Piles have ceased to be a " tion "shots": DIP (diphtheria, tetanus or lockjaw, and pertussis); DT (diph- problem ! The secret is a new healing substance theria-tetanus) after age 8; smallpox; and polio. Also remember that DT, ( Bio-Dyne® ( — discovery of a world-famous tetanus, smallpox and polio require not only an initial shot but also boosters. research institute. • of the clergy religious orders haven't filed for Social This substance is now available in sup- Members and who pository or ointment form under the name Security have until April 15 to do so. If they elect to join up, they will be Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug — A. Grunwald counters. covered retroactively as of 1963. By Edgar 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 : —

WHAT DO THE "EMERGING NATIONS" WANT FROM US? A New FREE BOOK for (Continued from page 15) guarantee the sale of 250,000 autos, sug- wine—wants to manufacture steel and gesting tariffs against other foreign cars copper products and export them along MEN PAST40 and cutbacks in Detroit as methods. with lumber, pulp and paper. Ghana does want both the chocolate and India, already a semi-industrialized Troubled With Getting Up Nights, steel industries. Tropical countries want nation, voted with the others at Geneva Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, the plywood and synthetic rubber busi- for the protective policies which should Nervousness, Tiredness. ness. The United States does not oppose be granted them by the industrial nations. This New Free Book points out that if these industrial desires of the "undevel- India wants to enlarge along such lines you are a victim of the above symptoms, oped" nations—in spite of possible com- as metallurgical products, engineering the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- that petition if the markets are developed goods, electrical appliances, pharmaceu- lar Inflammation ... a condition very commonly occurs in men of middle along with the industries on an economic tical goods, diesel engines, electric mo- age or past and is often accompanied by basis. It is the matter of artificially trans- tors and sewing machines. Argentina, despondency, emotional upset and other planting the industries and guaranteeing with its beef and hides, wants the Geneva mental and nervous reactions. the markets—in what the Third World policy to support it in world trade in The book explains that, although countries call "international redistribu- tractors, auto accessories, machine tools, many people mistakenly think surgery tion of labor," or giving them what exists refrigerators and data processing equip- is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- mation, there is now a non-surgical elsewhere which seems fantastic to the ment. Mexico also wants to export auto — treatment available. UN minority which will be asked to do accessories. the giving and the guaranteeing. The Philippines wants to export more NON-SURGfCAL TREATMENTS Here are some other industrial ambi- cigars and cigarettes instead of raw to- tions which the looming UN policy will bacco, and is among the tropical coun- This New Free Illustrated Book tells call for on a "give-away and guarantee" tries that want to bid for world markets about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical treatment for Glandular Inflammation basis in processed plywood, veneer, and syn- and that the treatment is backed by a Algeria and Tunisia want France to thetic rubber. Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many cut back its wine production to create a Here is how some of the Geneva pro- men from all over the country have demand for poorer-tasting, higher-priced posals would pay for factories in the taken the NON-SURGICAL treatment and have reported it has proven effec- Tunisian and Algerian wines. Central Third World: tive. American countries, with their bananas 1. "Developed" nations would pledge The Non-Surgical treatment described and other tropical products, should have 1 of their national income to the in- % in this book requires no painful surgery, guaranteed baby food industries. Burma dustrial development of the 79 others. hospitalization, anesthesia or long eyes aluminum products, canned foods 2. Public loans should be made with period of convalescence. Treatment and cornflakes. Ceylon, famous for tea, interest at not more than 3%. Repay- takes but a short time and the cost is reasonable. wants help in manufacturing and selling ment of such loans should be used to buy cement, building materials and fertilizer. goods from "undeveloped" nations. REDUCIBLE would enter the world market Pakistan 3. "Developed" nations should give HERNIA HEMORRHOIDS in household utensils, footwear, surgical industrial equipment to the others on Non-Surgical treatment f or both Reducible Hernia instruments, chemicals, sports equip- credit, repayment to be made in goods to and Hemorrhoids, the b

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 45 WHAT DO THE 'EMERGING NATIONS" WANT FROM US? Start Your Own Profitable —{Continued from page 45)

^gLRiig Cleaning Service dustrialization of the "undeveloped" really believe in the United Nations. countries. That fund would get its re- One of the most naive assumptions of Here's Ideal way to start In business for yourself without a bag investment. You sources from "voluntary contributions." "The 77 Club" at Geneva was that the don't even need a shop or office. Work out of your own home, use your present Who would volunteer was left blank. industrial nations have permanent, un- car. You clean rugs new professional way in homes and offices. Start in sparetime 5. The existing United Nations Special stoppable prosperity—undying riches —and graduate to full time. Fund should be altered in purpose so as which depend on no laws of economics,

FREE Booklet Tells How to build industries for the 79, and it can stand any strain, and are so superflu- Send for free "Business of Your Own" booklet! It tells the complete should be enlarged for that purpose. ous that they and the pillars they stand story about this profitable service business— lets you decide for 6. Long-term, low-interest bonds on can be given away or torn down yourself. Write today ! No salesman will call. should be sold in the world market to without even counting them. It is a FOLEY CARE, Dept. 313-5 build factories for the 79. As the interest "fundamental principle," said Hugh L. rate they want would be too low to attract Shearer, Jamaica's Minister of State, that bond buyers, the "developed" countries the amount and terms of the capital pro- DON'T QUIT SMOKING should pay the difference between the vided to a Third World country should special low-interest rate and the prevail- be based on that country's need. He before giving pipe my ing interest rate. complained that, at Geneva, the delegates Trial a 30 Day It is also strongly urged in the UN that of the industrial nations did not make New principle that contradicts every the U.S. idea you' ve ever had about pipe amok- and Russia should stop their precise commitments to meet those ing. I guarantee it to smoke coo] and arms race, and allocate a part of their needs. Such outspoken assumptions that mild hour after hour, day after day, without rest, without bite, bitterness former defense budgets to the growth of the industrial nations' delegates to Ge- or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you try the "undeveloped" countries. Ghana has neva were not answerable to their gov- a new Carey Pipe. Send your name and address today for my said that we should give away 40% of ernments, and could pledge any number free complete trial offer. Write: our defense budget, others are more of billions which the majority asked on E. A.CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept.246 C Chicago40 modest. These nations do not suppose the spot, were commonplace at Geneva.

for a minute that if it were that simple Foreign-Minister Singh, of India, said: MARTINS FLAGS we never would have had such a defense "We were somewhat disappointed to find budget in the first place. that our colleagues from the developed DISPLAYS FOR S£3 ORGANIZATIONS- Most of the assumptions in the Geneva countries seemed to be somewhat unpre- TOWNS-SCHOOLS FAIRS report are quite simple. They boil down pared to meet the challenge of the Prompt shipment. Ask for our ." to: Problem: Miserable situation. . . colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 45A (1) economic MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA conditions in the world's tropical belt. Another common expression was that (2) Solution: If anyone is well off, let a Third World nation which was not RETIRE ON $75 MONTH him share what he has. (3) Method: given industry and guaranteed markets Since the big countries started the UN was being deprived of the right to have Private Room and Meals and say they support it, and since the industry and trade at all. Foreign Minis- for detailed brochure, write: Third World nations now have 79 of 114 ter Kojo Botsio, of Ghana, spoke of any WILLIAMS RETIREMENT HOTEL votes in the UN, all that is necessary is failure to be given industry and trade on to vote the solution in the General As- Geneva terms as "depriving" the Third Daytona Beach, Florida 32014 sembly. Therefore, whoever doesn't do World of the "right to earn its own way." his part to carry out that solution doesn't Botsio spoke indignantly against "unre- POEMS WANTED To Be Set To Music Send one or more of your best poems today for FREE EXAMINATION Any Subject. Immediate Consideration. Phonograph Records Mod* CROWN MUSIC CO., 49 W.32 St., Studio 946, New York 1

NO NEED TO WEAR A TRUSS FOR RUPTURE That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, Slips and Does Not Hold If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't miss this. A Post Card, with name and address, is all you send to W. S. Rice, Inc.. Dept. 8T, Adams, N. Y., to get FREE, and without obligation, the complete mod- ernized Rice Plan of Reducible Rupture Control. Now in daily use by thousands who say they never dreamed possible such secure, dependable and comfortable rupture protection. Safely blocks rupture opening, prevents escape, without need for bulky, cumbersome Trusses, tormenting springs or harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of "Nothing new just the same old twinkling. how long ruptured, size, occupation, or trusses you have worn. TRY THIS and send THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE your Post Card today. 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 — PICK STRAWBERRIES IN 60 DAYS liable" dollar foreign aid, and said he'd rather have "assured prosperity for all." (As who wouldn't?) Mahmoud Riad, Foreign Minister of CLIMBING the United Arab Republic, recognized that gifts of industries and guaranteed trade are foreign aid. and spoke of them as a right. "Foreign aid in both financial STRAWBERRIES and technical fields is an essential ele- EVERBEARING (NOT JUNE- BEARING) ment for the developing countries," said ". Riad, . . and it is a right to which de- PRODUCE ALL SUMMER UNTIL FROST veloping nations are entitled." When the Conference ended, the Third World looked upon its final act not as a $ "compromise" but as an encouraging "first step." In the General Assembly this "Tfor4 1JL winter Foreign Minister Mahgroub, of the Sudan, thought that the Geneva de- • LARGE JUICY BERRIES! mands were hardly enough: thought "We • PRODUCES BERRIES FROM BOTTOM TO TOP! that it was the most vital gathering of • BEARS FRUIT FIRST YEAR! men in this latter part of the 20th cen- • EVER-BEARING PERENNIALS GROW YEAR AFTER YEAR! tury. But we expected much more," he • CAN BE TRAINED ON ANY TRELLIS, FENCE OR POLE! ". said. . . the recommendations the of • EASY TO GROW -SIMPLE TO PLANT! conference were mild and watered-down ." as a result of compromises. . . It's true! A beautiful climbing strawberry. A straw- Expectations run high today that once berry plant that produces delicious, honey-sweet red the Geneva report is UN policy the in- strawberries the whole way up! Read these facts and dustrial nations will be on the defensive learn how you can grow these beautiful ornamental that produces berries that you can pick from until they carry out its recommendations. plants the vine. That the great Depression happened Imagine the curiosity, the envy of your neighbors in recent memory to the industrial na- as they watch you grow strawberries on a tions, that unemployment is a permanent pole, trellis or fence. Imagine the interest grow them in . . . only a couple of square feet spectre here, that our buying power and excitement as they watch this richly foli- aged plant reaching vigorously upward. Im- of ground per plant! Imagine — a climbing comes from our productive power rather strawberry plant agine your own delight as you watch enticing from only 2 square feet of than from a bottomless well of gold bright red strawberries appear. Just picture ground! Amazing, but true. Planting and care are simple and full directions come with these all seemed but fairy tales at Ge- yourself leisurely walking through your gar- your order. neva. That we have one Appalachia and den picking real, red strawberries from your

own exotic climbing strawberry plants . . . will not voluntarily make more of them STRAWBERRIES FROM SPRING picking delightful tasting strawberries right by willfully cutting back industries and UNTIL FROST off the vine . . . without having to wash off Offer Will Not Be Repeated This Year. trade and employment seemed to occur the dirt . . . and popping them into your Climbing strawberries grow, to nobody. Demands that we guarantee mouth to enjoy their vine-fresh flavor! climb and bear succulent berries until killing frost. Planted prosperity to others were not once in early spring, these climbing strawberry equated with our inability ever to guar- CLIMBING STRAWBERRIES plants start producing berries around July antee it to ourselves, but only to work ARE PERENNIALS and continue to produce week after week, until frost. You can enjoy the firm texture, for it. Ever-Bearing — Produce All Summer tempting fragrance and delightful taste of Everybody agrees that the Until Frost economic these magnificent strawberries for months. condition of the "undeveloped" nations You don't have to buy and plant these But that's not all! These plants are as beau- Climbing Strawberries every year! Because is one of the most serious world prob- tiful as they are practical. Not only do they they are hardy perennials, they'll grow year lems. Instead of closing, the economic produce delicious fruit, but they also help to after year. And each spring they'll produce dress up your garden with beautiful greenery gap between them and the industrial na- even more lustily, increasing in length decked generously with bright red berries. A tions is getting wider. Not more than half quickly and forming 5 to 6 rosettes at inter- splendid ornamental plant with luxurious of their people are employed even part vals. These rosettes produce clusters of wax-green foliage. Act today! flowers from which the berries fruit pro- time. Many of the Third World nations fusely this year. In turn, the rosettes produce Because supplies are limited — are totally at the mercy of world price more runners which bear more flowers and this offer will not be repeated this year. fluctuations of single commodities on fruit. A prolific, splendid plant to enjoy for So rush your order in today which their livelihoods depend—such as years and years. It is truly everbearing. to avoid disappointment. copper, bananas, coffee. The average Plants will be Shipped in Time weekly income of an employed worker in EASY TO GROW for Proper Planting in Your Area India is $6, and India is far ahead of RUSH ORDER TODAY These plants have proven their ability to I 1 many of the other countries where it thrive and produce and withstand severe — CLIMBING STRAWBERRIES can take months to earn that much. In winters. And you don't need a lot of space to DEPT. CS-AL 4 Plants Only $1 some of the countries 95% of the popu- CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS 10 Plants Only $2 lation is illiterate. In the midst of all this 3-MONTH WRITTEN Please rush me my CLIMBING STRAWBERRY misery, their populations are booming. GUARANTEE PLANTS 4 for $1.00 ... or 10 for $2.00. Climbing Strawberry plants are shipped to There are no easy answers. The great SEND CLIMBING STRAWBERRY PLANTS. arrive in perfect condition for planting . . . ENCLOSED IS $. to grow and produce berries or plants will tragedy of Geneva is that the nations that (ADD 25?: FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING) be replaced absolutely FREE anytime most desperately need solutions have within 3 months! NAME CLIMBING chosen the worst possible answer of all. STRAWBERRIES ADDRESS. CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS They said, in so It isn't many words: our CITY -STATE. ZIP . problem, it's yours. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 47 FIRST AIRMAN ACROSS AMERICA Build Your Own Business (Continued from page 23)

While Still Employed H. Hitchcock authorized the flight and Missouri-Kansas-Texas tracks south. Add to your income with YOUR OWN handed Ovington a sack of specially terrain nationally advertised business. Then ex- The was smoother, and with lapse pand to full-time. Gross $9 hourly profit postmarked letters. plus $6 on each serviceman. Exclusive of the prize there was no longer great absorption process cleans and revives upholstery and carpets; also 5 other on- Rodgers had no such authorization but pressure to go west. There also were fairs location services. Endorsed by McCall's and Parents* magazines. his young wife sold postcard pictures of that gave Rodgers opportunity for extra We'll train, assist and finance you for all but a few hundred dollars. No shop or the plane to the crowds at each takeoff money and a chance for the Vin Fiz experience needed. Write TODAY (no obligation) for free booklet telling how. point. For 25^ each, he flew these to the people to obtain some visual publicity DURACLEAN CO., 5-193 Duraclean Bldg., Deerfield, III. next stopping point and put them into with the crowds. While newspapers re- the regular mail. Each was rubber- ported the flight, most made no mention AMAZING stamped "Carried by Rodgers Aeroplane of the sponsor. In many places only those Vin Fiz," with the date. In addition to who saw the plane or train read about the green \$ government stamp showing Vin Fiz. Ben Franklin, a privately printed, black, Rodgers had the best day's flying of PSORIASIS 254 "Rodgers Aerial Post" stamp was his trip in making the 189 miles from STORY affixed to some. Philatelists debate the Kansas City to Vinita, Okla., with two validity of this stamp but one preserved stops. He continued on through Musko- Jan. 10, 1960—Pittsburgh, Pa. "Doctored for pso- by Thomas A. Matthews of Springfield, gee and McAlester to Fort Worth, Tex., riasis 30 years. Spent much money to no avail. Then used GHP Ointment and Tablets for 2 weeks. Ohio, brought $4,800 when auctioned by and then over to the Texas State Fair at Scales disappeared as if by magic. In weeks 6 skin H. R. Harmer, Inc., on November 4, Dallas where he did some stunts for a completely cleared and clean. First time in 30 years. Thanks for your marvelous products." This much 1964, in New York. crowd of 75,000. He flew on south by abbreviated report tells of a user's success with a A great Sunday crowd cheered Rodg- way of Waxahachie, Hillsboro and Waco. dual treatment for the outward symptoms of psoriasis. Full information and details of a 14 day ers as he landed in Chicago's Grant Park. Every whistle in these towns tooted for trial plan from Cauam Co., Dept. 300E, Rockport, He and his special train continued south him. He circled the 31 1-foot dome of the Mass. that afternoon to near Joliet, 111. Next State Capitol at Austin on October 20, morning he circled over the penitentiary but had a serious accident that day a few IF there, to the amazement of prisoners in miles south at Kyle, Tex. YOU the yard, before continuing to Peoria and "Rodgers nearly met his death while HAVE Springfield, 111. in the air at 3,500 feet," logged his staff. "Rodgers Coming Fast!" headlined "Crystallized piston and intake valves this Get NEW FREE BOOK Missouri newspapers as he left Spring- nearly made a wreck. The aviator shut Tells how Rupture can be treated by a field, 111., at 8:35 a.m. on October 10. He off his engine, volplaned two miles and mild Non-Surgical method that is backed by a Life Time Certificate of Assurance. followed the Guif, Mobile & Ohio tracks made a perfect landing in the only pas- This treatment method has long history a across the Mississippi ture within 40 miles." of use and is recognized by Authorities River to land near today. and all Men Women from over the Louisiana, Mo. Schools and business Two days later, he landed at San An- country have taken the Non-Surgical Treat- ment and reported it is effective. Why put houses were closed there in his honor. tonio on the polo field of Fort Sam up with wearing a griping, chafing, unsan- itary truss? Whistles were blown and church bells Houston in the midst of a crowd so large Write today for this FREE BOOK. Tells were rung as he landed. that mounted cavalrymen had to keep How. explains Why more and more Rupture Sufferers are using modern Non-Surgical He had flown farther at this point than order. After two days rest, he turned Treatment Methods. Act Now. No Obligation. pilot in the west over the Southern Pacific tracks and EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC any plane world and was Dept. E 1132 Excelsior Springs, Mo. hopeful that Hearst's $50,000 offer, came down for the night near Spofford which expired that day, would be ex- Junction in a road where a cactus thorn tended. But over the wires came word ripped one of his tires. 8 out of 10 that there would be no extension. He received the news calmly when he landed Next day brought another accident. people have at Marshall, Mo., that afternoon. His One propeller hit something and Vin Fiz contract stood, he would fly on. swerved the biplane into a barbed wire Fading of hope for the $50,000 fence. "This is just a small wreck," iatrophobia.* strangely enough increased public in- Rodgers assured the crowd as he climbed terest in Rodgers. The crowds became out. Repairs made, he flew next day to It is easy bigger, their cheers louder. There was Del Rio, Dryden and Sanderson, Tex., something heroic about the tall, cigar- making 1 74 miles in 1 40 minutes. He fol- smoking man struggling on against grav- lowed the Rio Grande and at times flew to overcome. ity, bad luck, vagaries of the weather over Mexico.

*Iatrophobia is fear of going to and continual mechanical failure. While 2,000 feet above Fort Hancock, the doctor. The cure starts when Whistles of all the packing houses he noticed his water pump leaking. It you lift your phone and make an screamed next day as he landed before soon began to steam. Rodgers attempted appointment with your doctor a huge crowd in Swope Park in Kansas to glide to a plowed field but came down for a complete physical checkup. City, Mo., "to give," in the words of a in a mesquite thicket and smashed a land- Half the cases of cancer could local reporter, "Kansas City an aerial ing skid. It was replaced and he flew to

be cured, if they were diag- thrill the like of which it never had ex- El Paso that afternoon in time to be taken nosed early and treated] perienced before." His arrival moved a to the Sunday bull fight in Juarez. But promptly. Your best cancer 79-year-old woman to write a poem "To when the matador moved in for the kill, insurance is a health check- the dauntless airman turned away. "I | Rodgers, Aviator" which concluded: up every year. "Sail on, brave man, from pole to pole; can't watch it," he explained. "It would Make that phone call Go prove the right and might of soul! just make me sick." now. It might save your life. And may you safely reach your goal." Motor trouble forced him down at AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY From Kansas City, he followed the {Continued on page 50) 48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 — NEW FRENCH GLASSES LET YOU SEE FISH * i^lMT SURFACE OF WATER!

*0 \

View without Lunette Glasses Same view with Lunette Glasses

An amazing new invention hit the world two water that you can't see into at all with the naked plete comfort and freedom of movement. Now you years ago, when the rirst "Lunette Radar" glasses eye becomes clear— so you can see for at least 2 get more fishing, more pleasure, more enjoyment were brought in from France. For the first time, ft. to 12 ft. (or more) below the surface! as you study marine life underwater, learn what this amazing invention gave fishermen an easy, in- See photo illustrations above. These were taken goes on beneath the area you fish. expensive way to see below the water surface . . . with a camera lens. With the human eye. you will RUSH ORDER — DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED to spot fish ... to let a fisherman see what he's see even better! Even with a camera, though, you doing instead of fishing "blind." can see how water reflects glare. Without glasses, This year, again, we have a sizeable supply of Radar Glasses. are prepared fill introduced these sensa- you see only the surface. Put these Lunette Radar Lunette We to your Invented and in Europe, order now. But we can't estimate the demand. tional glasses sold so fast we never caught up with Glasses on and you see below the surface! Now Orders will be shipped on first-come, first-served demand. They were written up in one of New fishermen can see fish before they bite. Now you can the basis. send coupon now to be sure get York's great newspapers but with almost no pub- bring your line close to the fish and watch the So— you — your pair early— before the season starts. These very little advertising, sold out movement of line and lure . . . see your line and licity and we were famous glasses are only $7.95 a pair, plus 50c PP. lure working . . . now you can take your line in early each yearl Hdlg. pair are only postpaid. faster because you can see fish take your bait. & Two $15.75 You GREATEST NEW FISHING INVENTION NOW YOU CAN FISH "SMARTER"—YOU CAN may order with ear-pieces as shown above, or clip- TAKE MORE FISH—EVERY TIME. With Lunette on type to wear over regular glasses. We guarantee What made these glasses the most-wanted fishing you will be pleased as thousands of other fishermen Radar glasses, you save precious fishing time. You item each year? First, the obvious fact that now have been. If you are not 100% thrilled with them for the first time— fishermen can see below the sur- can see into holes—even in swift-running streams. after one fishing trip, return them for an immediate face as they fish —with no cumbersome equipment You see through brush-piles, weeds—down into refund. or heavy gadgets. lakes, ponds and salt water. Rush coupon below to order now for the greatest You iust slip these Lunette Radar glasses on—and And you do this with both hands free —with com- fishing year you ever had! SWEDISH PROFESSIONAL HEAVY- DUTY PORTABLE GARAGE NORSE KING GUIDE'S 12x25 Ft. Protects Cars, Boats, Trucks From ALL WEATHER ^ FISHING-CAMPING-HUNTING KNIFE ZttJS)

This Is the sharp Mora Blade that has won world-wide Slips onto any car fame as the toughest, strongest knife made. This Is the or boat to give all- knife that men who face the worst dancers of the cruel $2.98 weather protection, m^ r Northland rely on—to take game with one swift blow or Postpaid made of heavy- throw; to cut wood for fire or shelter; to skin game; to be a rugged tool of gauge durable clear every work. It must give exceptional performance in action! To guarantee plast ic . Waterproof, athe this, the famed craftsmen of Mora use world-renowned Swedish steels in re- Only $069 a wonderful triple-laminated blade. and scuffs. Huge 12x25 ft. size fits every make of UNIQUE CONSTRUCTION: car, station wagons, panel trucks, etc. Pro- Famous Mora Blade has 3 layers—a thin sliver Hdlg. of hard alloy steel with Blabs of tough, flexible, resilient steel on either tects in coldest weather. Tested to 60 deg. plus 50C PP & side. This is what makes its amazing performance possible the Mora BELOW ZERO! Folds easily when not in use- stores in trunk compartment. Saves cost of ri st. repairs, repainting Blade can be bent, even to 90° without snapping! (see illus.). Point can —useful for outdoor furniture, garden tools, el c. Now lake your car be hammered through a coin. Blade edge can be driven through a bolt! or boat protection wherever you go. AND SAVE MONEY! ALSO AVAIL- Yet it takes such a sharp edge that a well-stropped Mora Blade will ABLE: Super strength—double weight plastii : with 6 grommets— shave you in complete comfort! $5.95 plus 70c PP &l hdlq. NOTE FEATURES: Norse King Knife, with Mora Blade has won highest praise of thousands of sportsmen. They know the value of these fea- PERMANENT MATClT tures: (1) Blade length iust over 4" is ideal for maximum leverage Lights Up to 10.000 Times and cutting pressure on point and edge; (2) Swedish Birch Hand Is Ingenious match lasts for many years. perfectly formed . . . can't slip or turn in hand. Easy to clean Just pull it out of its slim case, polishes better with age: (3) Blade tongue extends through handle strike on the side . . . it's lit! — is inseparably riveted through nickel-silver pommel and fer Replace into case to extinguish. Guar- rule; (4) No hilt to get In way of cutting action. Guides know the anteed to light up to 10,000 times. value of this for speedy work; (S) Quick-draw, heavy duty, Only 1^4" high, featherlight. Metal genuine top grain leather sheath holds knife securely, yet Is construction. Has its own small ring ready for instant one-hand draw. Blade cannot penetrate sheath for easy attachment to to cut you. any key chain. You al- AO* a*. ways have a light in OT£ eO. You'd expect a knife like this to sell for many times Its low any weather. 2 for $1.25 price of / 92.98. But this model Is made exclusively for us i Mora—and priced low hy us for maximum sales. What': more, we GUARANTEE the Norse King with this iron-clad ofler. Order it today. Try It yourself for a full 60 days. H l-BRITEN ESS INSPECTION Give it every test can think you of for an outdoor knife. King for ' If you don't consider it the greatest value you ever / 60 dai's. Beams Light Wherever You J saw, Want It you can return It for a full, immediate refund. / If not convinced it is a knife Send order it now—only $2.98 ppd. you want and need , return Flexible shaft bands, twists or turns for full refund. You can't lose. to throw light into tiniest crevices— around curves, into corners—or bean holes. Indispensable help for mechanics MONOGRAMMED CREDIT CARD CASE repair men, locksmiths, hobbyists, TV repairmen—doctors, dentists and housewives, too! Only Overall length. 11". Operates on 2 C batteries Genuine Pigskin Gold-Stamped Initials (not included). Case is durable ivory plastic, bulb $295 is type 222 penlite. Handiest gadget ever—and size closed 4" x 5V4" POSTPAID only $3.95 postpaid. Now you can carry all your miscellaneous MAIL THIS HANDY ORDER COUPON papers, cards, etc. in one handy, organized case. No more fumbling in wallet for I EMPIRE MDSG. CO., Dept. AL-365 credit cards. This handsome case has I 125 Marbledale Rd., Tuckahoe, N. Y. clear, durable, transparent pockets that Please send items listed below (or listed on the attached sheet) hold 24 credit cards, license, photos, etc. I on a satisfaction guaranteed basis. I enclose pay't of % Complete with bill and note wallet. Pigskin pocket holds money, oversize cards, notes, etc. Ample room for business cards, time tables, checks. Fits man's hip pocket or lady's purse. Won't bulge pocket. You always look neat. You always have everything together. Personalized with any 2 or 3 initials. Please print initials.

FIRST AIRMAN ACROSS AMERICA Now! Life Insurance (Continued from page 48)

Deming, N. Mex., but he flew over the he again took to the air. Fifteen minutes Birth to Age 80 Continental Divide and reached Tucson, later something else went wrong and the First Ariz., on November 1. There he shook biplane crashed on a ranch a mile south- 30 Days hands with his rival, Robert Fowler, who east of Compton. had resumed his flight east and who It was a serious accident. Rodgers hit ONLY 25< eventually became the first airman to the ground head first, suffered a brain Per Policy 1000 cross the country from west to east. After concussion, a smashed ankle and gaso- CASH FOR YOUR FINAL EXPENSES. several stops in the Arizona desert, line burns. The canny owner of the ranch AVOID BEING A BURDEN TO YOUR FAMILY Rodgers flew his battered, much-repaired exacted $10 damage for the trampling Introductory Offer. Answer these 9 plane into California from Stovall, Ariz. of his field before he allowed the wrecked questions on a plain piece of paper and mail with only 25c for 30 days' protec- While flying 4,000 feet above the plane to be removed. on policy. Finally, tion. Regular rate shown Salton Sea, the No. 1 cylinder of the on December 10, the now Amounts usually Innued without doctor crippled airman tied his crutches to the examination. NEW LOW RATES. motor exploded without warning. Steel Ages Amount Ages Amount splinters shot into Rodgers' right arm. battered plane and again took off for the 0 to 80 $1000 15 to 60 $2500 As the engine died, oil splattered over Pacific. With the inevitable cigar in his 1. Print full name and address. his goggles, blinding him. But the airman mouth, he landed gracefully 16 minutes 2. Date of birth? 3. Height? 3a. Weight? coolly ripped them off and with his left later at the foot of Linden Avenue in 4. Occupation, kind of work? 4a Name and address of employer hand brought the plane down in the 5. Race7 (For identification). 6. Beneficiary and relationship to you? desert almost without a scratch. Young 7. To your knowledge have you had heart, Wiggin labored two days in the blazing lung, diabetes, cancer, or chronic disease? Are you deformed, lost a hand, foot, eye, sun to assemble a new engine from parts or ever rejected for insurance? 8. State condition of health. of two others. 9. Amount desired, and sign your name. He took off again for a hair-raising NO AGENT WILL CALL Actual policy will be mailed you direct experience in rugged, windswept San from Home Office. You be the inline. Gorgonio Pass. The magneto connec- Mail to: S. B. Hunt, Chairman AMERICAN LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. tions began to work loose as the plane American Etldg., St. Louis 8. Mo. 344 Life was flying 5,000 feet above the canyon's rocky floor. Then a connecting rod broke. Oil began to spurt. But Rodgers miraculously landed the plane in an alfalfa field near Banning, Calif. After more repairs, he took off on

Sunday, November 5, stopped for gaso- SCHOOL line at Pomona and landed in triumph FURNITURE before 10,000 cheering enthusiasts at BLACKBOARDS ADIRONDACK CHAIR CO. OFFICE 276-0 Park A»e.So., N.Y..N.Y. Pasadena. Over a special telephone line, FURNITURE

ediate Delivery! IOS ANGELES • DAllAS he laconically reported to the Associated CHICAGO • • PITTSBURGH BOSTON Press his arrival at Tournament Park.

DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; Pretty girls gave him chrysanthemums. IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS An American flag was draped about him Type P Pump has l.OOl uses. Stainless "I never saw that dog before in my shaft. Won't rust or clog! Use 1/6 HP and he was driven around the race course motor or larger. . . 3/4 HPfor up to 2.400 life!" GPH; 450 OPH 80' hiph; or 1 ,8O0 GPH in an automobile. from 25' well. 1" inlet; 3/4 " outlet. Coupling included free $8.95 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE i-ipavy Duty Bali-Bearing Pump. Up to He had crossed America in 49 days 5,200 GPH; 1 1/4" inlet; 1" outlet. $12 95 Postpaid if cash with order. Money Back survived crashes. Guarantee. Also other sizes, types. and 16 Long Beach to the cheers of 40,000, in- W* LABAWCO PUMPS, Belle Mead 56, N.J. Offered anything he liked at the Mary- cluding his wife and mother. land Hotel that night, Rodgers said, "I'd After local notables formally rolled EARN be a CONSULTANT TAX like some crackers and a glass of milk." the wheels of the biplane into the water, Our students earn lucrative fees in 3 MORE month busy tax season preparing income The next day he visited a high school one said: "Too bad about the $50,000." tax returns in spare time—and operate profitable Business Tax Service yielding steady where students gave him more flowers "Money isn't everything!" retorted monthly fees of $10-$50 per client, year round. Enjoy professional standing in dignified full or part and crowned him with a laurel wreath. Rodgers. "I made it, didn't I?" time home-office business. No experience necessary. We train you at home and help you start. Write It was well that he thought so. From today for free literature. No agent will call. Licensed by N. Y. Education Dept. Vin Fiz people called the trip his various sponsors, Rodgers had re- National Tax Training School, Monsey Y-17, N. Y. The completed and dismissed the special ceived about $22,000 but he had spent train. The venture had cost them about more than $20,000. Of the original RUPTURE agony $180,000 and most Americans still were plane, only the vertical rudder and drip r drinking But Removed Coca-Cola. Rodgers wanted pan remained. Everything else had been to fly the few remaining mites to the replaced. Eight propellers had been used. you slip into a WHEN Pacific and was offered a purse to do so Rodgers had flown 4,321 miles, more low-cost, contour-designed at Long Beach. He contracted to fly the Brooks Patented Air Cush- than three times that of any other flyer. ion Appliance! Your 're- following Sunday, November 12, and, But he had actually been in the air only ducible rupture will be held though local ministers protested, felt that j 82 hours and figured that he had aver- in securely yet gently or — he could not disappoint the waiting aged 51.59 miles an hour. His longest the trial costs you nothing! This invention crowd. has made millions of sufferers happy. You single hop had been the 137 miles from can enjoy heavenly comfort night and day at His engine stopped soon after he took Stovall, Ariz., to Imperial Junction, or the costs work and play— Appliance you off and he landed near Eastlake to dis- Calif. The Aero Club of America gave nothing. Isn't this worth a no-risk trial by cover a fuel line broken. This was him its gold medal. you? If interested, write for free facts now. BROOKS CO., 302 B STATE ST., MARSHALL, MICH. soldered at a neighboring farm house and "Thirty days is too short now for a 50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 • f

flight from coast to coast," he told a newspaperman. "But 1 expect to see the time when we shall be carrying passen- MY ZOYSIA GRASS gers in flying machines from New York to the Pacific Coast in three days. That is an average of more than 100 miles an hour, and cannot be done until some way CUTS YOUR WORK, is devised to box in the passengers as the wind tears one awfully at such speed as that." SAVES YOU MONEY His prediction was realized but Rodg- ers did not live to see it. A few months Meyer 1-52 Zoysia Grass Was Perfected By went later, on April 3, 1912, the airman The U.S. Govt. * Approved By U. S. Golf Assoc. stunting for another Sunday crowd at Long Beach. He dipped close to a roller By Mike Senkiw, Agronomist, Zoysia Farm Nurseries coaster and then dived under a flock of When I figured up how much our old sea gulls. At a height of 200 feet, he was No Need To Rip Out Your Present lawn cost us, I was staggered. Spring the controls. Grass, Amazoy Drives It Out. seen to take his hands off meant spending money for lawn seed, The biplane plunged into knee-deep weed-killers and fertilizers. Summer Plug It In Old Lawn Or New Ground meant fighting to keep our grass green water almost at the exact spot where he 1. No waste, no sod to cut, no seeds to fail. thru hot dry spells. Amazoy comes in fresh, 3 square inch had ended his transcontinental trip. His plugs of living grass especially grown It was sprinkler off, sprinkler on . . . Calbraith Perry for transplanting. Every plug taken neck was broken and mowing and crabgrass killers. There was from ground under supervision of our Rodgers, descendant of Navy heroes, no end to it! agronomist. I about ready give I 2. died as rescuers carried him from the was to up, when Set pre-cut plugs into hole in ground heard about Meyer Zoysia Grass, the like putting cork into a bottle. Plant 1 water. foot apart, checkerboard pattern. Easy grass perfected by U. S. Govt, agrono- planting instruction with order. He was the 127th person to be killed mists and praised by turf experts coast 3. Plugs spread to cover area with thick, in an airplane accident. The first had to coast. I plugged in this grass and those beautiful grass. No more ugly brown or plugs grew into a beautiful lawn that bare spots due to heat or drought. been Lt. Thomas E. Selfridge of the continually saves us work and money. fatally hurt as a passenger in a Army, Experience shows that Amazoy will do Your Own Supply Of Plug Transplants plane being demonstrated by Orville the same for you. Your established turf provides you with- Wright at Ft. Myer, Va., in 1908. Self- Zyosia plugs tor other areas if you so de- CHOKES OUT CRABGRASS sire. The plugged area grows over solidly him. Cal Rodg- ridge Field is named for Your Amazoy lawn stays green in spite again, providing a convenient supply of plugs whenever you want them. ers' cousin, John, rose to Commander in of heat and drought, lt laughs at water bans, it chokes out crabgrass and weeds all served with distinction in long. It resists attacks by insects the Navy, summer Work Less, Worry Less. and diseases. Spend Less WW1, established the Naval Air Station On NEVER NEEDS REPLACEMENT Your Lawn at San Diego and commanded the one in * Your Amazoy lawn grows so thick and Perfect for problem areas (banks, slopes, play Pearl Harbor. In 1925, he led the first rich, it resists footwear, cookouts, lawn areas, pool areas, etc.) furniture and children's play. Yet under- * Won't winter kill * Cuts mowing % Navy seaplane flight from California to foot it's like a thick pile carpet so resistant * it never needs replacement. Stays green through droughts and heat Hawaii, making the last 450 miles on LAUGHS AT WATER BANS * Cuts cost of watering, weeding, mowing and water when gasoline was exhausted. Like fertilizing It saves time and money in many ways. his cousin, he was hurt fatally in a crash It won't winterkill — has survived temps. * Resists blight, insects, diseases 30° below zero. Goes off its green color * 1926, in the hospital Resists lawn furniture, cookouts, playground and died August 27, after killing frosts, regains new beauty punishment at the League Island Navy Yard, Phila- every Spring — a true perennial. It ends the need for crabgrass killers. Fertilizing "Why put up with a lawn you must coddle delphia, Pa. and watering (water costs money too) are A lawn that turns to hay when you want it rarely if ever needed. Cuts pushing a mower most* Decide to enjoy a GREEN weed-free under a blazing summer sun by %. There's lawn all summer and Save Money Too! years after Cal Rodgers' epic no need for costly chemicals that can Fifty endanger wildlife, pets and children. IT.M. Reg. U.S. Patent Office) flight, the Federal Aviation Agency ZOYSIA GRASSES PROVEN NO. 1 I 1 formally designated the route that he fol- Dept. 325, ZOYSIA FARMS lowed as a skyway bearing his name. IN DURABILITY 6414 Reisterstown Rd., Baltimore, Md., 21215 618 Little Bldg., Boston, Man.. 02116 Attending the Washington ceremonies in BY LARGEST U.S. UNIVERSITY 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., 40601 America's largest university tested 13 with this July 1961, connection on 10, leading grasses lor resistance to foot traf- Please ship following order: were Cal Rodgers' widow and the late fic, wheel damage, etc. Special paddle- wheels smashed the grass; spiked rollers Full Size Plugger $4.95 Charles S. Wiggin, who had been his boy ripped and tore its blades. 100 Plugs Result: The grasses most praised by turf 6.95 mechanic. They were married after the experts, the Zoysia Grasses, (Matrella and 100 Plugs & Plugger 9.95 airman's death and for some years re- meyeri species) led all others in resistance. 200 Plugs 11.20 200 Plugs & Plugger 13.75 sided in Westport, Conn., and at the time No Risk, Every Amazoy Plug 300 Plugs & Plugger 17.75 of Wiggin's death, Mr. November 8, GUARANTEED 600 Plugs & Plugger 27.95 * 1964, in Miami, Fla. Perfect For Problem Areas 1100 Plugs & Plugger [F.O.B. Md.) 39.95 "Whether you have poor soil, sub-soil — The historic Vin Fiz Flyer was re- If you live East of Rocky Mts. add 75c per 100 even sandy waterfront soil — you're as- add $2.25 success plugs. If you live West of Rocky Mts.. paired and given to the Carnegie Mu- sured lawn beauty and with per 100 plugs and we pay shipping charges. If you Amazoy. Every Plug must grow within 45 prefer to omit handling charge, enclose payment for seum in Pittsburgh, where the airman days or we replace FREE — entirely at our grass only and you will then pay transportation risk and expense. Since you know we're charge on delivery. Do NOT enclose handlg. chge. had been born. This institution presented shipped only FOB Md. Nursery hardly in business for the fun of it, you on 1100 plug orders, Farm. the biplane to the National Air Museum know this grass has to be everything we say. I enclose check money order.. ..cash of the Smithsonian Institution in Wash- PATENTED Wm M h WITH ington, D.C. It is displayed there today STEP-ON L Irk W* LARGER NAME PLUGGER ORDERS not far from the original Wright air- r IILL Full-size plugger is wonderful plane. Nearby are the Spirit of St. Louis, for planting, invaluable for trans- as in which Charles Lindbergh flew to Paris, planting and other garden work it clears away unwanted growth as and the Winnie Mae, in which Wiley it digs holes for the plugs. $4.95 ZONE STATE separately or FREE with large Post circled the globe. the end order. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 51 MADE *1200 ON ONE JOB HI Some make more, some less We help you start Your Own Ail-Year Business Make BIG Money! G. H. Jones made $1200 on one school job with our highly efficient wall washer which cleans walls 6 times faster and better than by hand. No special skill ... small investment ... operate from home. Customers everywhere — homes, offices, schools, churches, hotels, etc. Enjoy independence .. .free from layoffs and bosses. Can start part time until full time is justified. Write Today for All the Facts! FREE BOOK—MAIL COUPON TODAY VON SCHRADER MFG. CO. 31 7 "W" PI., Racine, Wisconsin Name Address

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Mohair - Wool -Alpaca Sweaters, McGregor Jackets. Sport. Dress Shirts, Slacks, etc. ... all in Tall or Big Men's Sizes. Plus UNITED STATES album fully illustrated INFLATABLE funny monsters from outer 70 Shoe Styles, 10-16, AAA-EEE. for U.S. postage stamps with stories of space from 1 >/2 feet to over 4 feet tall. the men, By Mail only. 100% Guaranteed. women and places that have They swing 'n sway, bounce, bend, wiggle served to make American history. Album and tilt. actually its Write for FREE 48 Page Color One flies under own together with a starter collection of 50 air-power. 7 different funny monsters, Catalog of Footwear and Apparel stamps plus approvals, only $1 ppd. J. M. $1.25 ppd. HUBBARD HOUSE, Dept. GM- Palmer. P.O. Box 86-PL, New York 34, N.Y. 192. 176 Federal Street, Boston 10. Mass. KING-SIZE, INC. 4235 Forest St., Brockton, Mass.

PRINCESS BEAUTY BELT

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ure 28 thru 44. Larger sizes. $1.00 extra. Send hip l ACCORDION SAVINGS up to /2 or more SLIPPING EYEGLASSES? Eliminate annoy and waist measure. Removable long garter attach- on famous Italian makes. Choose from ance of pushing them up. Ear-Loks, soft, ments- 69( for set of 4. Money-back guarantee if over 40 standard and electronic models. elastic tabs keep glasses snug-fitting. No returned postpaid in 30 days PIPER BRACE CO., Dept. Easy payment terms & trade-in allowances. more fussing with sliding glasses. For AL-35L, 811 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. 5-day no risk home trial. Free catalogs & men, women, children. 590 a pair, 2 pairs discount price list. Money back guarantee. $100. DORSAY PRODUCTS, Dept. A-10, ACCORDION CORP. OF AMERICA, Dept. 200 W. 57th Street, New York 19, N.Y. A-35. 5535 W. Belmont, Chicago 41, III. Direct from England!

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Famous "Export Parcel" includes scarce old Classics, BY 2 FULL modern Pictorials. Regionals. Electronic issues! You get: Great Britain 1864 QUEEN VICTORIA; W. Aus- INCHES! tralia 61 yr. old "SWAN"; 58 yr. old QUEENSLAND; unusual regionals for ULSTER, SCOTLAND; GHANA Slip these foam rubber and felt Height In- - INDEPENDENCE; First 2 Electronic Stamps with crease Pads in any pair of shoes. Now, step graphite on back; mint Queen & Sultan Issues from 2" scarce colonies—KEDAH, GILBERTS. NAURU. TRIS- into them to added walking comfort and TAN, ASCENSION. MALACCA. Many others. Total 115 in height. The same height increase as ex- different. Regularly $1.68 — bargain export -price 24<* DIRECT YOU . . . EASY TERMS pensive height increasing shoes. These in- TO to introduce overseas approvals. LOW visible, interchangeable cushions need no Genuine Rockdale Monuments IMPORT DIRECT - SAVE 20-60%. Buy direct - buy DOWN where dealers buy. Exciting offers, low prices — all gluing and are an aid to better posture. and Markers. Full Price $14.95 yours from London the easy 14 day approval way. Durable and shock absorbing. Thousands now and up. Satisfaction or money PAYMENT Satisfaction Guaranteed. SEND 24c IN UNUSED U.S. worn. State man's or woman's shoe size. back. We pay freight. Compare STAMPS (NO COINS). Ask for Lot YC-7 our low prices. Write for FREE CATALOG. BROADWAY APPROVALS, LTD. Only $2.95 pair, ppd. HUDSON INDUSTRIES, 50 Denmark Hill, London S.E. 5. England. Dept. AL-35, 550 Fifth Ave., New York 36, N. Y. ROCKDALE MONUMENTS CO. Dept. 716, JOLIET, ILL 52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 ; .

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Write today for . . BEST BUY of 212 all different British Col- 7 TRANSISTOR RADIO only 2% inch high ony stamps. Included are many interesting by 2Vn inch wide and 1 Vs inch deep. For FREE SALE BULLETIN! topics and exotic colorful stamps in this vest pocket or purse. Plays on one penlite Take advantage of money-saving specials specially made collection. Send 250 for battery. Complete with leather case, ear- on tables, chairs, storage trucks, parti- collection and approvals. D. M. DARLING phone and battery for only $9.95 postpaid. tions, coat racks, etc. Send for FREE & CO., Dept. AL, Rockville 50, Md. NIRESK INDUSTRIES, Dept. AL, Chicago Sale Bulletin today! 6, III. THE MONROE COMPANY 69 Church Street Colfax, Iowa

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PULL HAIR $ DON'T FROM NOSE LIVE SEAHORSES 1 EACH May Cause Fatal Infection WITH FREE Use the ALirEIILKMPFTTF Rotating M SEA SHELLS ! Holiis Scissors// Fascinating hobby for REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. children and adults; raise Seahorses in You can cause serious in goldfish bowl or jar. fection by pulling hair Unusual, intriguing, from nose. Ordinary scis- hours of fun — see Fabulous collection of all-different genuine Airmail sors are also dangerous FATHER Seahorse Stamps from corners of the world Africa, and impracticable. No give birth to live remote — better way to remove babies! ALL orders Europe, Exotic Orient, everywhere! World's Larg- hair from nose and ears receive food, instruc- est Airmail, Flying Doctor. Bomber, $2.00 Heli- than with klipette tions and FREE beau- copter, many others. PLUS Collection of thrilling Smooth gentle, safe, tiful, imported shells- Space-Age stamps . . . Sputniks, Jets, fantastic efficient. Rounded of-the-world collection points can't cut or to decorate bowl. One Moon Rocket stamps. Both of these remarkable prick skin. Seahorse only $1 collections — containing stamps worth up to 25C mated pair for $2; two mated pairs oniy $2.95; three each! Send only 10( for rrfailing expenses. Extra: mated pairs for $3.95 (plus 25c postage all orders), Live HOLLIS CO. • 1133 Broadway, New York 10, N. Y. • Dept.M-75 Illustrated Bargain Catalog and an attractive Enclosed delivery guaranteed. is $1.00 for KLIPETTE. If I am not entirely selection of stamps on approval. satisfied, I may return it within 10 days for refund. FLORIDA SEAHORSE CO.. Dept. LE-6, Box : Miami Beach 39. Florida Jamestown Stamps Dept. F35AL Jamestown, N. Y. Name Address THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 53 J&X The AMERICAN LEGION CLASSIFIED

r3 *eS Wr '^ *° Classified, ' nC -

mi i rach nooHoH rVtmnlnta rnnrco inrliiHoc la+oct mnnou. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS m 1 IIIUIII tool 1 IICCUOU. \_»U 1 ILHc to \AJUIOO IIILIUUto lalt.ol fllUllcy- making methods. Send $3.00. Lomar, 160 Broadway, New BUGLES NEEDED— Small College starting Drum and Bugle York 10038. Corps wants to buy equipment reasonably priced. Music START YOUR OWN Money Making Business. Clean rugs on Department, 3200 Cold Springs Road, Indianapolis, Indiana. customers' floors— upholstery in their homes—even painted COINS walls— with highly efficient electric machines which are making big money for others and giving them independence. Write TOPS! Free Illustrated booklet "How To Collect Coins." today for complete information. It s Free! Von Schrader Mfg. Plus large illustrated catalog! Approvals. Littleton Coin Co., Co., Dept. 374 "W" PL., Racine, Wisconsin. Littleton 11, New Hampshire. FREE facts and descriptive bulletin. Be an Air Conditioning, $1 1,750 REWARD for certain coins. Pennies, Nickels, Dimes, Refrigeration, and Heating serviceman. High pay, jobs open Quarters that you may even have in your daily change pay everywhere, operate your own service business, no school or from $250.00 to $35,000.00. Send $1 .00 for valuable coin cata- correspondence necessary. Write Doolco Trouble Shooter, log. Money Back Guarantee. Best Values Co., Dept. A-898, 2016 Canton, Dallas, Texas. 285 Market Street, Newark, New Jersey. CASH for w3r souvenirs of VVorld Weir One Two flnd Kore3. INVENTIONS WANTED ( 217 Montclair Montclair, J. E. Garabrant, Ave., New Jersey. INVENTIONS Wanted: patented, unpatented. Global Mar- $25.00— $75.00 Weekly Possible Clipping Newspaper Items, keting Service, 2420-L 77th, Oakland 5, California. (spare time) Details free. Graham's, 1255-N, Englewood, Colo. HYPNOTISM MOM P Mail HRnFR Rl IQI W FQQ Raicinn fichmnrmc anri n w ivi ci ivi mi i_ w n L* l. n duoih coo— naibiny 1 1 an worms ano I Strange catalog crickets. Free Literature. Carter Gardens, Plains, Georgia. SLEEP-LEARNING— HYPNOTISM free! Autosuggestion, Box 24-MX, Olympia, Washington. GOODBYE RUPTURE MISERY with pat ADVERTISING AGENCIES ented Comfo-Truss. Just oz. yet gently, HYPNOTISM REVEALED! Free Illustrated Details: Powers, 3V2 rt MMHIIMPIMfi 1 Mali h A n i 1 C\rrir\r AiliiA^ipinn Cnw.a.M. \A/n M iy ivu uivoi ivu a ivew rvian-uraer Aavercising oervice. we 8721 Sunset, Hollywood, California. surely holds reducible inguinal hernia. are prepared to pay all of your advertising expenses in return PERSONAL-MISCELLANEOUS Quick one-buckle adjustment. Washable. for a commission on the product that you sell. We handle all $4.95 right or left side, $5.95 double, plus types of advertising. For complete information write: Lish BORROW $1,233 AIRMAIL! Repay $54 for twenty-nine hdlg. Send measure around lower Advertising Agency, Mail-Order Department, Office 210 months. State licensed. Postal Finance, Dept. 87-C, Kansas 250 Wilhoit Building, Springfield, Missouri. City, Kansas 66117. abdomen. KINLEN CO., Dept. AL-35C, 809 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. 64105 OF INTEREST TO MEN GOLDEN HAND PAINTED sanitized sea shells. For ash GENTLEMAN'S Surprise Package! Plain wrapper marked trays, whatnots, gifts. Two for $1.24 postpaid. Check or money personal, $1.00— Large, $2.00— Deluxe, $5.00. Exciting, Big order. Shellie's, Box 177, Princess Anne, Md., 21853. Demand ! Drawer 266-P, Niceville, Florida. INSECT PROBLEMS? Eight Acre Control, 20«i month. Write ALL BRAND Name men's products. Confidential wholesale US Insect Control, #374, Royal Oak, Michigan. price list 10*. Distributor Sales, Box6041-A12, Kansas City, Mo. ADVERTISERS REAL ESTATE YOU ARE READING the Classified Section of one of the CANADIAN VACATION LANDS: Full price $385.00. 40 acres, Nation's most responsive markets. These Classified ads are $10 month. Suitable cottage sites, hunting, fishing, investment. shopped by millions of people who respond to Opportunity. For Free information. Land Corporation, 3768-F, Bathurst, Downs- details write CLASSIFIED, Dept. A-3, 100 E. Ohio St., view, Ontario, Canada. Chicago, Illinois 60611.

STOP STOOPING' MEN! 60 STYLES FOR with amazing, new ^F*t c-g^g® Shoulder Uj ^ vLj Brace W-l-D-E Corrects posture instantly, comfortably. Provides even distributed support FEET for sagging shoulders. Im- EEEEE Only proves appearance, gives Eto you a wonderful new feel- Sizes 5 to 13 the re- ing of confidence. No fit- Start using new Zip code numbers on your ting. Made of highest quality ventilated-for-comfort turn address labels. Any name, address and Zip code Men only. Casual, 3-ply cushioned material. Arm bands softly padded. beautifully printed in black on crisp white gummed Not sold dress, work shoes FOR AND WOMEN.Can't paper. Rich gold trim. Up to 4 lines. 2" long. Set of in stores MEN that really fit. be detected under light clothing. 500 labels in plastic box, 50c. Ppd. Fast service. ' Top quality, pop- Give chest. Money-back If measurement around guarantee. you don't know the cor- ular prices. Money Write Today Only $4.95. Sent postpaid except rect Zip code number, just add 10c per set and we Back Guarantee. for FREE CATALOG RM on COD's. Money-back guarantee will look it up for any address. Same fast service. if returned postpaid in 30 days. Send for free catalog. 'HITCHCOCK SHOES INC., Hingham 5-C, Mass. PIPER BRACE CO., DEPT. AL-3SH Patent Pending WflltAr rirAl™» 5503-10 Drake Bids.. 811 Wyandotte, K.C. 5, Mo. Waller Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 1

SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? NORTHEL Reactivator BORROWMO00 works to keep septic tank cesspool clean. A SIGNATURE and RY MAII 1 bacteria concentrate u i iviniL only; wisti breaks up solids and grease—works to pre- It's easy to borrow by mail. If This section is presented as a vent overflow, back-up, you are steadily employed, you odors. Regular use can can borrow up to $1000 on your service to readers and adver- save costly pumping or signature only. No endorsers, no time off from work, no personal tisers. All products are sold in water, digging. Simply mix dry powder interviews. Handled entirely by flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- mail in strict confidence. Details with a money-back guarantee. caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- mailed in plain envelope.

When ordering, please allow a faction. Six months' supply, $3.35 ; full

year's supply only $6.00, postpaid. | WORLD FINANCE CO. Dept. CW-I0S reasonable amount of time for NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-3 | 620 Symes Bldg.. Denver 2. Colo. handling and shipping. P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 Name J Address. City Age. .Occupation. MAGNIFYING GLASSES I We've got your number! —your Social Secur- ity number and full A Blessing For Folks Over 40 name permanently telephone book, recipes, engraved on a hand- Read newspaper, some brass ID Bible, and do close work easily. Goodlook- card. Mailing ad- ing stylish amber frames. Wear like regular dress on reverse side. Always ready glasses, SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. for your use in its Not Rx or for astigmatism or diseases of own simulated the eye. 10 Day Home Trial. Send age, Morocco leather window case, sex. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. $150 with full name, On arrival pay postman only $4, plus number and address to C.O.D or send $4, and we pay postage. M & H PRODUCTS WEST POINT gives healthful support, slim PRECISION OPTICAL CO. Dept. 34-C Rochelle, III. look, detachable fly front pouch, & non P.O. Box 11146 Tacoma, Wash. 98411 roll top. Adjustable Power Panel flattens abdomen up to 4 in. Order on 10 day money-back guarantee. Waist sizes 26-50 Gypsy Bait Oil (specify). $3.98 (2 for $7.59). Extra pouches 750, 3 for $2. MAGIC MOLD, INC., Dept. RUPTURE-EASER AL-3, 23 W. 47 St., N.Y.C., N.Y. (APlper rtrace Truss) ® MAKES FISH BITE W Mysterious aroma of Gypsy Fish Bait Oil Compound makes smell feeding fish wild through thousands of smell organs covering Double .6.95 their bodies. One drop on lure Right or left No or live bait works in fresh or salt Side Filling water whether you still fish, cast, $495 Required spin or troll. Really works. Only $1.98 (3 for $4.98). Cash orders A strong, form-fitting washable support postpaid. If C.O.D. postage extra. for reducible inguinal hernia. Back lacing adjustable. Draws fish to your bait or money strap. Soft, flat groin Snaps up in front. Adjustable leg back. FREE. Handy water re- pad. No steel or leather bands. Unexcelled for comfort. sistant pouch with every bottle. Also used as after operation support. For men, women, EXTRA BONUS: Free children. Mail orders give measure around the lowest Book "99 Secrets of Catching Catfish" with order for 3. part of the abdomen and state right, left side or Order from: double. Enclose 25c Postage. WALLING KEITH CHEMICALS, Inc. De t. 34-c PIPER BRACE CO. P 100 So. MINT SET. 1964 Phila. uncirculated 5 piece 811 Wyandotte Dept. AL-35 Kansas City 5, Mo. 4Ut Birmingham 1, Alabama includes Kennedy half, quarter, dime, nickel and cent in lifetime holder for $2.95. 10 sets for $27.50. 1963 set—$4; 1962 set —$4.45; 1961 set—$5.25; 1960 set—$5.85; 1959 set—$6.25. CENTRE COIN CO., Dept. AL-4, 13831 Ventura Blvd., Sherman Oaks, U.S. GOV'T SURPLUS Calif. DIRECT FROM GOV'T. FOR ONLY A FRACTION OF ORIGINAL COST. BUY FOR AS LITTLE AS 2c AND 3c ON THE DOLLAR!! Examples: JEEPS $63.00 BOATS $178.00 BICYXLES $5.50 TELESCOPES $4.00 N\" LEATHER BOOTS 65 TYPEWRITERS $8.79

AIRPLANES $ 1 59.00 REFRIGERATORS $5.00 PASS. BUSSES $208.00 COMPLETE SOURCES AND INFORMATION ON HOW YOU CAN BUY THOUSANDS CDC C I 1 CD C P f f EXTRA 48 PAGE SECTION WITH OF ITEMS FROM GOV'T I DLL . . I l»LL J I FJCTIJRES AND PRICES of more ONLY THAN 500 ITEMS. YOU CAN ORDER OlfiTCT BY MAIL AT R10ICUIOUSLY LOW $1.00 DEPT. 180-3 SURPLUS PRICES YOURS FREE WHEN YOU SEND S1 .00 FOR THE DIRECTORY. SURPLUS BARGAINS. THIS IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST STOCK!! 605 THIRD AVENUE RIFLES 10.95 PISTOL BELTS 1.05 life Rafts, Walkie Talkies, NEW YORK 16, N. V. PARACHUTES 21.95 STEEL HELMETS 2.15 Swords. Paratrooper

I Boots, Flags. Sleeping I BOATS 16.45 GIANT BALLOONS 38 enclose SI.00. Send the combined catalog i Cots, Phones, SHOES I 65 MODEL CANNONS 1.38 Bags. Jireetory immediately. I understand that my mo Mine Detectors, Bugles, plus F. JACKETS 3.25 BAYONETS 1.65 JOHN KENNEDY MEMORIAL ISSUE Hand 1 Leg Irons, will be refunded if t am not completely safisf TENTS 6.55 CARTRIDGE BELTS 1.05 Blankets, Bullet Proof RUSH REPLY for your new FREE collection of BAYONETS 2.15 STEEL AXES 2.70 i full refund with my first order Vests, Flares, Cartridge HAND GRENADES 1.60 CANTEENS 67c of SlOOOc 101 all-different Worldwide stamps. Year's new- Belts, Ammo, Rifle Scopes, COMMANDO KNIVES 1-38 FOLDING STOVE 1 38 est issues — pictorials, commemoratives, bi- Maps, Shovels. Canteens, "Name COMPASSES 1.05 FIELD PACK 1.05 Saddles. First Aid colors, mint and used. Get Abu Dhabi, Malaysia, HOLSTERS 2.15 MIRRORS 6tC Supplies, Sunglasses. MACHETTES 2.15 FIELD JACKETS 3.25 Israel, many more. PLUS colorful older varieties. ^Address GOGGLES 61c AND Bunk Beds, AND HUNDREDS MORE'/ Supply limited, one to a collector. Rush lOtf BUY ONE, TWO OR A DOZEN OF ANY ITEM YOU WANT. City . -Slate. I g. for this valuable collection, approval offers. MINIMUM ORDERS AS LOW AS S3. 00 ACCEPTABLE GARCELON STAMP CO., Dept. AL 36. Calais, Maine FULL PURCHASE PRICE OF $1.00 REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER OF $10.00 OR MORE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1965 55 IT'S FUNNY, HA! HA! For a Beautiful Friendship— here's the key, The simple and sure-fire recipe; PARTING We'll be true comrades while life endures —If you'll laugh at my jokes—and I at yours. Berton Bralev

PIGGY-BLANKED SHOTS One reason for the current coin shortage is that too often a penny saved is a penny urned. S. S. Biddi.i

SPORT CAR John's foreign car has made a hit, For more details see John's obit. Colen H. Sweeten, jr. YOUTH TODAY Judging from the grades they make, some teen-agers must think they're too young to go study. Cliff Uhlig

JUST PASTE "My wife's a perfect jewel," he said.

But now, I hear he's fretting; His jewel has left his board and bed For a somewhat nicer setting. Clara Trester

WHAT'S HATCHING? Whether a man winds up with a nest egg or a goose egg depends on the chick that he married. Wilfred E. Beaver APPROVED GAMBIT Say my brain is fuzzy-ish,

This trout's been making a fool out of him all week. But tell me I look hussy-ish! Ethel Jacobson THUMBS UP "GET ON THE BALL . . MAN!" The modern hitchhiker may be called A foreman watched a carpenter working on a house and asked him a digital commuter. why he was throwing away some of the nails. Sam Ewing "The heads are on the wrong end," the carpenter replied. 'Stupid fool!" roared the foreman. "Don't you know those are for the TOLERANCE other side of the house!" I would be agreeable

Lucille J. Goodyear With every man's Belief. So with Vegetarians SPEAKING FROM EXPERIENCE I have— no beef! Ivan John Clark Two spinsters, who had given up their city apartment and moved to the country to fulfill a lifelong ambition to keep chickens, ordered 500 hens and 500 roosters from the local poultry dealer. "Ladies," the poultryman remonstrated, "you don't need 500 roosters."

"Oh, yes, we do," insisted one of the spinsters. "We know what it means to be lonely." Gottfried R. von Kronen berger

CLASS WILL TELL When the black sheep of a wealthy family fell afoul of the law in the early days of the Wild West, a friend had to write to his family breaking the news as gently as possible.

He wrote: "It is with deep regret that I have to inform you that your son died here recently while taking part in a public ceremony. The plat- form on which he was standing gave way." K. H. R. Simkin

LIGHTHOUSE BLUES A couple of Indians living along the shores of the Pacific Coast in Oregon became very much interested in the construction of a lighthouse near the reservation. When it was finally completed, they watched it every night. One evening a heavy fog blew in from the ocean and the foghorn atop the lighthouse blew continuously. "Ugh," said one Indian to the other. "Light she shine—bell she ding-dong—horn she woo-woo—and fog she come in just the same like she always does!" 'I was cleaning my mind, and it went Dan Bennett off accidentally." 56 the american legion magazine • march 1965 SEAGRAM-DISTILLERS COMPANY. N.Y.C., BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS.

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