DOCSLIB.ORG

Baseline Survey for Farmers Organizations of Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams, Punjab, Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Baseline Survey for Farmers Organizations of Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams, Punjab, Pakistan Report NO. R-38 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION FOR IMPROVED SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN SMALL DAMS BASELINE SURVEY FOR FARMERS ORGANIZATIONS OF MIRWAL AND SHAHPUR SMALL DAMS, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN MUHAMMADASGHARCHEEMA DON JAYATISSA BANDARAGODA DECEMBER 1997 PAKISTAN NATIONAL PROGRAM INTERNATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE. PAKISTAN CONTENTS Contents ...................................................... i Annexes ...................................................... iii Tables ....................................................... iv Figures ....................................................... vi Foreword ..................................................... vii Acknowledgements .............................................. viii Chapter-I INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study .................................. 2 1.3 Methodology .......................................... 2 1.4 Organization of the Report ............................... 7 Chapter-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITY AND THERESPONDENTS ................................... 8 2.1 Community Characteristics ................................ 8 2.1.1 Mirwal Small Dam ................................. 8 2.1.2 Shahpur Small Dam ................................ 9 2.2 Residential Status of the Respondents ...................... 10 2.3 Caste Structure of the Respondents ........................ 11 2.4 Father's Occupation .................................... 13 2.5 Educational Level of the Respondents ....................... 13 2.6 Household Size of the Respondents ........................ 15 2.7 Working Family Members ................................ 16 2.8 Tenurial Status of the Respondents ........................ 17 2.9 Size of Landholding .................................... 18 2.10 Machinery ........................................... 22 Chapter-3 IRRIGATION PRACTICES. WAl-ER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ..................... 23 3.1 Irrigation Practices ..................................... 23 3.1.1 Sources of Irrigation ............................... 23 3.1.2 Extent of Satisfaction .............................. 23 3.1.3 Methods Used to Overcome Deficiency .................25 i 3.2 Irrigation System Performance ............................ 26 3.2.1 Equity in Water Distribution .......................... 26 3.2.2 Adequacy of Irrigation Water from Small Dams ........... 29 3.3 Functional Condition of Dam. Water Channels and Watercourses ..................................... 32 Chapter-4 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ......................... 35 4.1 Water Users Association ................................ 35 4.1.1 Existence of WUA ................................ 35 4.1.2 Membership of WUA .............................. 35 4.2 Organizational Behavior ................................. 36 4.3 Willingness to Work with Other People ...................... 37 4.4 Type of Organization Initiated ............................. 38 4.5 Advantages of Farmers Organizations at Small Dam Level ........39 4.6 Land Levelling ........................................ 40 4.7 Benefits from Representatives of Government Agencies ................................. 41 Chapter-5 AGRONOMIC PRACTICES. CROPPING INTENSITY. FARM OUTPUT AND INCOME .......................... 43 5.1 Cropping Pattern ...................................... 43 j1 5.2 Agronomic Practices in Irrigated Area ....................... 44 5.2.1 Seed Rate Used ................................. 44 5.2.2 Fertilizer Used ................................... 50 5.2.3 Production of Various Crops ......................... 51 5.2.4 Prices of Various Crops Received by the Farmers .........52 5.2.5 Crop Expenditures ................................ 54 5.3 Agronomic Practices in Barani Area ........................ 54 5.3.1 Seed Rates Used ................................. 55 5.3.2 Fertilizer Used ................................... 55 5.3.3 Production of Various Crops ......................... 56 5.3.4 Crop Expenditures ................................ 57 5.4 Cropping Intensity ..................................... 59 5.5 Land Use Intensity ..................................... 60 5.6 Livestock ............................................ 63 5.7 Household Income ..................................... 64 5.8 Ranking of Factors Responsible for Crop Production Increases ............................... 65 ii Chapter-6 ISSUES ............................................ 69 6.1 Ensured Dam Water Supply .............................. 69 6.2 Water Rights ......................................... 69 6.3 Water Conveyance Network .............................. 69 6.4 Land Levelling ........................................ 70. 6.5 Farm Productivity ....................................... 70 I REFERENCES ................................................. 71 i ANNEXES Annex-I Questionnaire ........................................ 73 Annex-2 Basic Information on Three Selected Small Dam Systems ........ 86 iii ! TABLES 1.1 Distribution of Respondents According to their Village . 6 1.2 Distribution of Respondents by Irrigated and Barani Land . 7 2.1 Characteristics of Communities in Mirwal Small Dam Area . 9 2.2 Characteristics of Communities in Shahpur Small Dam Area . 10 2.3 Distribution of Respondents with Regard to Their Residential Status . 11 2.4 Caste Structure of the Respondents . 11 2.5 Distribution of Respondents with Regard to Father's Occupation . 13 2.6 Distribution of Respondents with Regard to Educational Attainment ....................................... 15 2.7 Mean Number of Family Members by Age, Schooling Status and Literacy Rate . 16 2.8 Mean Number of Working Family Members and Their Enterprise 17 2.9 Tenurial Classification of the Respondents . 17 2.10 Classification of the Respondents with Respect to Size of Holding (Percentage) . 18 2.1 1 Area Owned Operated, Levelled and Potential for Levelling by type of Irrigation . 21 2.12 Percentage of Respondents Owning Tractors and other Implements ....................................... 22 3.1 Sources of Irrigation . 23 'I 3.2 Extent of Satisfaction from Sources of Irrigation . 25 3.3 Methods Used for Overcoming Deficiency of in Meeting Water Requirements . , . 25 3.4 Irrigation Methods Practiced by the Water Users . 26 3.5 Perceptions About Equity in Distribution of Water . , . 28 3.6 Perceptions for Inequitable Water Distribution . , . 28 3.7 Sufficiency of Irrigation Water During Kharif 1996 . 29 3.8 Sufficiency of Irrigation Water During Rabi 1995-96 . 31 3.9 Extent of Satisfaction from Small Dam Water Supply . 31 3.10 Perceptions of Farmers Regarding Improvement I of Water Distribution . 32 3.1 1 Present Functional Condition of Dams, Water Channels and Watercourses as Compared to 5 Years Earlier . 33 4.1 Existence of Water Users Association . 35 4.2 Member of Water Users Association . 36 4.3 Current Level of Organized Behavior of the Respondents . 36 I 4.4 Respondents' Willingness to Work with other People of the Area . 37 4.5 How Farmers Perceive Their Contribution in Working with Other People . 38 iv 4.6 Farmers who Initiated any Kind of Organization ............. 38 4.7 Type of Organization Initiated .......................... 38 4.8 Distribution of Respondents Who Agreed with "Organized People Work Effectively" ..................... 38 4.9 Advantages of Farmers Organizations at Small Dam Level ..... 39 4.10 Distribution of Respondents Who had Their Land Levelled ..... 40 4.11 Reasons for not Getting Land Levelled ................... 40 4.12 Distribution of Respondents who Heard About Precision Land Levelling ............................. 41 4.13 Source of Information About Precision Land Levelling ........ 41 4.14 Benefits from Representatives of Various Government Agencies ............................... 42 5.1 Cropping Pattern in Irrigated and Barani Areas ............. '43 5.2 Mean Seed Rates Used per Kanal for Various Crops (Irrigated) . 49 5.3 Mean Fertilizer Used per Kanal for Various Crops (Irrigated) in Kilograms ............................... 50 5.4 Mean Production of Various Crops Per Kanal (Irrigated) ....... 51 5.5 Mean Price (in Rs.) of Various Crops per 40 Kg (Irrigated) ..... 52 5.6 Mean Expenditures (in Rs.) per Kanal for Various Crops (Irrigated) ........................................ 54 5.7 Mean Seed Rates Used per Kanal for Various Crops (Barani) .................................... 55 5.8 Mean Fertilizer Used per Kanal for Various Crops (Barani) in Kilograms ........................... 56 5.9 Mean Production of Various Crops per Kanal (Barani) ........ 57 5.10 Mean Price (in Rs.) of Various Crops per 40 Kg (Barani) ...... 59 5.1 1 Mean Expenditures (in Rs.) per Kanal of Various Crops (Barani) 59 5.12 Cropping Intensities for Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams ...... 60 5.13 Land Used Intensity for Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams ..... 60 5.14 Mean Number of Livestock in the Project Areas ............. 63 5.15 Mean Income from Various Sources (in Rs.) of the Respondents Under Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams .................. 64 5.16 Average Income from Various Sources (in Rs.) of the Respondents (Farmers having Land 1600 kanals and Above are not Included) 65 5.17 Ranking of Factors Associated with Increase in Crop Production . 68 V FIGURES 1 .I Location Map of Mirwal and Shahpur Small Dams ............ 3 1.2 Irrigation System Network of the Mirwal Dam ............... 4 1.3 Irrigation System Network of Shahpur Dam ................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Odonata Naiads of Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan Amad Ud Din
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 45(3), pp. 695-700, 2013 Odonata Naiads of Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan Amad Ud Din,1 Ahmed Zia,1* Abdul Rauf Bhatti1 and Muhammad Nisar Khan2 1National Insect Museum, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2Social Sciences Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. Abstract:- A series of collection surveys conducted during two consecutive years (2011-12) to explore Odonata naiads of Potohar plateau revealed 34 species under 6 families and 21 genera. Specimens were collected from different aquatic habitats that include almost all sort of waters including static, flowing, acidic, alkaline, brackish or saline. Details showing valid names, collection localities, ecological observations, number of individual male/female collected are provided for each species. Keywords: Odonata, naiads, Potohar plateau, dragonflies, damselflies. INTRODUCTION available up till now (Din, 2012). Keeping in view the lapses of previous studies, it was planned to conduct thorough surveys of Potohar plateau Odonata, an order of flying insects, (Punjab province) to explore Odonata naiads fauna includes dragonflies and damselflies. They are of this versatile plateau of the country. medium to large sized insects and are amongst most ancient flying insects (Rehen, 2001). Their MATERIALS AND METHODS immatures are aquatic and can be found in flowing as well as in stagnant water bodies. Some species Collection surveys were carried out in are narrow in their needs but others are generalists following localities of four districts of Potohar and can reside in almost all sort of water, whether plateau. acidic, alkaline, brackish or saline. Few prefer to 1. District Chakwal: Peer Nara (L1), Wallana live in running water, however, others prefer still Dam (L2), Ghurab Dam (L3), Kattas (L4), Choa water, marshes and bogs (Zia, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Groundwater Recharge in Rechna Doab Using Isotope Techniques
    \ PINSTECH/RIAD-133 STUDY OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN RECHNA DOAB USING ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES M. ISHAQ SAJJAD M. AZAM TASNEEM MANZOOR AHMAD S. D. HUSSAIN IQBAL H. KHAN WAHEED AKRAM RADIATION AND ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS DIVISION Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology P. O. Nilore, Islamabad June, 1992 PINSTECH/RIAD-133 STUDY OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN RECHNA DOAB USING ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES M. ISHAQ SAJJAD M. AZAM TASNEEM MANZOOR AHMAD S. D. HUSSAIN IQBAL H. KHAN WAHEED AKRAM RADIATION AND ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS DIVISION PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P. 0. NILORE, ISLAMABAD. June, 1992 CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION THE PROJECT AREA 2.1 General Description of The Area 2.2 Climate 2.3 Surface and Subsurface Geology FIELD WORK LABORATORY WORK RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Sources of Groundwater Recharge 5.1.1 Isotopic Data of River/Canal System 5.1.1.1 River Chenab 5.1.1.2 River Ravi 5.1.1.3 Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) 5.1.1.4 Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) 5.1.2 Isotopic Data of Rains ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS IN GROUNDWATER 6.1 Some Features of SD-S^O Diagrams 6.2 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Isotopic Data THE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FROM DIFFERENT INPUT SOURCES TURN-OVER TIMES OF THE GROUNDWATER VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ISOTOPES CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES \ ABSTRACT Isotopic studies were performed in the Rechna Doab area to understand the recharge mechanism, investigate the relative contributions from various sources such as rainfall, rivers and canal system and to estimate the turn-over times and replenishment rate of groundwater. The isotopic data suggest that the groundwater in the project area, can be divided into different zones each having its own characteristic isotopic composition.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Southern Gandghar Range and Kherimar Hills, Northern Pakistan
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael D. Hylland for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on May 3. 1990 Title: Geology of the Southern Gandghar Range and Kherimar Hills. Northern Pakistan Abstract approved: RobeS. Yeats The Gandghar Range and Kherimar Hills, located in the Hill Ranges of northern Pakistan, contain rocks that are transitional between unmetarnorphosed foreland-basin strata to the south and high-grade metamorphic and plutonic rocks to the north. The southern Gandghar Range is composed of a succession of marine strata of probable Proterozoic age, consisting of a thick basal argillaceous sequence (Manki Formation) overlain by algal limestone and shale (Shahkot, Utch Khattak, and Shekhai formations). These strata are intruded by diabase dikes and sills that may correlate with the Panjal Volcanics. Southern Gandghar Range strata occur in two structural blocks juxtaposed along the Baghdarra fault. The hanging wall consists entirely of isoclinally-folded Manki Formation, whereas the footwall consists of the complete Manki-Shekhai succession which has been deformed into tight, northeast-plunging, generally southeast (foreland) verging disharmonic folds. Phyllite near the Baghdarra fault displays kink bands, a poorly-developed S-C fabric, and asymmetric deformation of foliation around garnet porphyroblasts. These features are consistent with conditions of dextral shear, indicating reverse-slip displacement along the fault. South of the Gandghar Range, the Panjal fault brings the Gandghar Range succession over the Kherimar Hills succession, which is composed of a basal Precambrian arenaceous sequence (Hazara Formation) unconformably overlain by Jurassic limestone (Samana Suk Formation) which in turn is unconformably overlain by Paleogene marine strata (Lockhart Limestone and Patala Formation).
    [Show full text]
  • Society1 in Lower Chenab Colony: a Case Study of Toba Tek Singh (1900-1947)
    Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 55, Issue No. 2 (July - December, 2018) Nayyer Abbas * Tahir Mahmood ** Fatima Riffat*** Constructing ‘hydraulic’ Society1 in Lower Chenab Colony: A Case Study of Toba Tek Singh (1900-1947) Abstract This paper focuses on agricultural colonization projects from 1885 to 1947 in Punjab. It will be helpful to understand agricultural colonization of the Punjab by the British government and further to establish a link with migration trends during the partition of Punjab in 1947. Among other canal colonies areas, Lower Chenab Colony greatly transformed the agricultural economy of the Punjab. The case study research material has been primarily drawn from the District Colony Record Office Toba Tek Singh, Punjab Archives Lahore and the British Library. It shows that social engineering through which British government developed Toba Tek Singh, constructed a hydraulic society, controlled by the colonial state through the control of canal waters. Its specific composition also gives clue to the migration trends during the Partition of Punjab in 1947. The local non-Muslims’ (Hindu and Sikh) previous family links with the East Punjab became one of the major factors in their migration to India. Key Words: Hydraulic society, Toba Tek Singh, Social engineering, migration, Lower Chenab colony Introduction History of the canal colonies in the Punjab during colonial period had been researched by the number of historians from different aspects of this project. David Gilmartin analyzed the Punjabi migration to the Canal Colonies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and provided a critical link ‘between village organization and sate power that lay at the heart of colonial rule’.2 D.
    [Show full text]
  • ATTOCK Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08
    Volume 30 ATTOCK Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08 VOLUME -30 ATTOCK GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS MARCH 2009 Contributors to the Report: Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department, Lahore UNICEF Pakistan Consultant: Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, PhD M/s Eycon Pvt. Limited: data management consultants The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was carried out by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department. Financial support was provided by the Government of Punjab through the Annual Development Programme and technical support by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The final reportreport consists consists of of 36 36 volumes volumes. of whichReaders this may document refer to is the the enclosed first. Readers table may of contents refer to thefor reference.enclosed table of contents for reference. This is a household survey planned by the Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan (http://www.pndpunjab.gov.pk/page.asp?id=712). Survey tools were based on models and standards developed by the global MICS project, designed to collect information on the situation of children and women in countries around the world. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org. Suggested Citation: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Punjab 2007–08, Lahore, Pakistan. ii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 FOREWORD Government of the Punjab is committed to reduce poverty through sustaining high growth in all aspects of provincial economy. An abiding challenge in maintaining such growth pattern is concurrent development of capacities in planning, implementation and monitoring which requires reliable and real time data on development needs, quality and efficacy of interventions and impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection Survey on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
    ←ボックス隠してある Pakistan by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Data Collection Survey on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Islamic Republic of Pakistan Data Collection Survey ←文字上 / 上から 70mm on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Pakistan by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Final Report Final Report February 2014 February 2014 ←文字上 / 下から 70mm Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 4R JR 14-020 ←ボックス隠してある Pakistan by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Data Collection Survey on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Islamic Republic of Pakistan Data Collection Survey ←文字上 / 上から 70mm on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Pakistan by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Final Report Final Report February 2014 February 2014 ←文字上 / 下から 70mm Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 4R JR 14-020 Data Collection Survey on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Pakistan Final Report Location Map Islamabad Capital Territory Punjab Province Islamic Republic of Pakistan Sindh Province Source: Prepared by the JICA Survey Team based on the map on http://www.freemap.jp/. February 2014 i Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Data Collection Survey on Infrastructure Improvement of Energy Sector in Pakistan Final Report Summary Objectives and Scope of the Survey This survey aims to collect data and information in order to explore the possibility of cooperation with Japan for the improvement of the power sector in Pakistan. The scope of the survey is: Survey on Pakistan’s current power supply situation and review of its demand forecast; Survey on the power development policy, plan, and institution of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) and its related companies; Survey on the primary energy in Pakistan; Survey on transmission/distribution and grid connection; and Survey on activities of other donors and the private sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Database Development for River Basin Management
    WORKING PAPER 53 Integrated Database Pakistan Country Series No. 18 Development for River Basin Management: An Example from Rechna Doab Asad Sarwar Qureshi Asghar Hussain Ian Makin SM IWMI is a Future Harvest Center Supported by the CGIAR Working Paper 53 Integrated Database Development for River Basin Management: An Example from Rechna Doab Asad Sarwar Qureshi Asghar Hussain Ian Makin International Water Management Institute IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. IWMI’s mission is to improve water and land resources management for food, livelihoods and nature. In serving this mission, IWMI concentrates on the integration of policies, technologies and management systems to achieve workable solutions to real problems – practical, relevant results in the field of irrigation and water and land resources. The authors: Asad Sarwar Qureshi, Acting Director, IWMI Regional Office, Lahore Asghar Hussain, Spatial Data Analyst, IWMI Regional Office, Lahore Ian Makin, Director Asia Office, IWMI, Colombo Qureshi, A. S. ; Hussain, A. ; Makin, I. 2002. Integrated database development for river basin management: An example from Rechna Doab. Working paper 53. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute. (IWMI). ISBN: 92-9090-500-X Keywords: databases / river basins / geography / climate / irrigation systems / soil salinity / cropping intensity / groundwater / data collection / water management / decision support tools / rain / farms / technology / evapotranspiration / tube wells / water use / water resources / food security / environment / maps / topography / Rechna Doab / Pakistan The authors wish to acknowledge Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Indus River at Darband
    RESTRICTED For official use only Not for . UNN42 Vol. 6 Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THF, INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE INDUS BASIN DEVELOPMENT FUND STUDY OF THIE WATER AND POWER RESOURCES OF WEST PAKISI AN Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME III Program for the Development of Surface Water Storage Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by a Group of the World Barnk Staff Headed by Dr. P. Lieftinck July 28, 1967 Public Disclosure Authorized i R0C FPU-F ClJRRENCY EQUIVALENTS 4.76 rupees = U.S. $1.00 1 rupee = U.S. $0. 21 1 millior rupees = U. S. $210, 000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I, INTRODUCTION 11..........- II-.. SURFACE. WATER HYDROLOGY. .3 .. .. , 3 Meteorological and GeographicalI Factors, .................... 3 Discharge- Measurement and River. F-lows- ... ....... .. ,44... Sediment-.Movement ..... v...............8....... 8. Floods-.JO,:,. ,10: III.. HISTORICAL. USE OF SURFACE WATER, . 12 Development of- the. System ....... ... 12 IV.. THE IACA APPROACH ..... 17 Method- of Analysis. ........... v.. 17 Surface. Water Re.quirements;. ........ r19. Integration, of.Surface and Groundwater Supplies' .. 22 Storable. Water. 23 Balancng- of Irrigation and Power..-Requi:rements.. 25 Future. River Regime ... .. 27 Accuracy- of Basic. Data . ....................... , ,,.. 27 Vt., IDENTIFICATION OF DAM'SITES AND, COMPARISON OF. PROJECTS' 29: S'cope of-the Studies ... 29. A. The Valley of the Indus,.......... 31 Suitability of the- Valley, for: Reservoir' Storagel 31 A(l.) The Middle Indus-. ...........-.. 31 Tarbela.Projject- . .. 32 Side Valley- ProjS'ectsi Associatedt w-ith Tar.bela ... 36 The Gariala' Site......... 36 The. Dhok Pathan S.te . ... ... 39 The Sanjwal-Akhori S'ites -.- , ... 40- The Attock Site .
    [Show full text]
  • Salinlty MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES for the RECZINA DOAB, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
    REPORT NO. R-21.5 SALINlTY MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR THE RECZINA DOAB, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Voltline Five Predicting Future Tubewell Salinity Discharges G3t:y,&...~..,....... ................ ..R 7% ......... ... bL.......... LL,i<o.&..,9,2.%...... Muliainniad Aslain (Principal Irrigatioll Engineer, Salinity) JANUARY 1997 PAKISTAN NATIONAL PROGRAM INTERNATIONAL IRRICATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE LAHORE FOREWORD This report is one of eight volumes under the unibrclla title "Salinity Management Alternatives for the Rechna Doab, Punjab, Pakistan." The fundiiig for this effort has been provided by the Government of The Netherlands through the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Islamabad under the Phase I1 project, "Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan." Between 1989-93, IIMI operated three field stations in Rechna Doab using Dutch phase I funding; much of this field data has been incorporated into this study. Rechna Doab, the ancient floodplain between the liavi and Chenab rivers covering a gross area of 2.9 Mlia, is one of the most intensively developed irrigated area within the countiy. With over a century of modern irrigation development, primarily by diversions from the Chenab River, agricultural productivity was continually bolstered. Then, some localities were beset with the threats of higher subsurface water levels and soil salinization. The public sector responded by implementing Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPS) beginning in 1960. ,These projects, plus a huge increase in private tubewell development since 1980, have lowered subsurface water levels; however, the use of poor quality tubewell water, particularly in the center of the Doab, has resulted in secondaiy salinization. 'lXs study is an integrated attempt across both space and time to address the systems responsiveness to the abovementioned concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of the Punjab
    GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB ESTIMATES OF CHARGED EXPENDITURE AND DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (DEVELOPMENT) VOL - II (Fund No. PC12037 – PC12043) FOR 2015 - 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Demand # Description Pages VOLUME-I PC22036 Development 1 - 1053 VOLUME-II PC12037 Irrigation Works 1 - 58 PC12038 Agricultural Improvement and Research 59 - 62 PC12040 Town Development 63 - 67 PC12041 Roads and Bridges 69 - 274 PC12042 Government Buildings 275 - 644 PC12043 Loans to Municipalities / Autonomous Bodies, etc. 645 - 658 GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB GENERAL ABSTRACT OF DISBURSEMENT (GROSS) (Amount in million) Budget Revised Budget Estimates Estimates Estimates 2014-2015 2014-2015 2015-2016 PC22036 Development 216,595.841 193,548.096 220,715.467 PC12037 Irrigation Works 47,975.188 35,470.869 48,681.493 PC12038 Agricultural Improvement and Research 190.551 194.776 58.150 PC12040 Town Development 500.000 408.228 500.000 PC12041 Roads and Bridges 31,710.000 40,836.883 69,491.707 PC12042 Government Buildings 48,028.420 19,903.878 60,553.183 PC12043 Loans to Municipalities/Autonomous Bodies etc. 13,546.444 16,058.201 11,350.590 TOTAL 358,546.444 306,420.931 411,350.590 Current / Capital Expenditure detailed below: Punjab Education Foundation (PEF) (7,500.000) - (10,500.000) Daanish School System (2,000.000) - (3,000.000) Punjab Education Endowment Fund (PEEF) (2,000.000) - (2,000.000) Lahore Knowledge Park (500.000) - (1,000.000) Health Insurance Card etc (4,000.000) - (2,500.000) Population Welfare (500.000) - (150.000) PMDGP/PHSRP WB, DFID Sponsored (2,000.000) - (1,000.000)
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 63459-PK PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR161.2 MILLION (US$250 MILLION EQUIVALENT) Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN FOR THE PUNJAB IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PROJECT (PIPIPP) Public Disclosure Authorized February 23, 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Unit Sustainable Development Department South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS April 2011 Currency Unit = Pakistan Rupees (Rs) US$ = 85 Rs FISCAL YEAR July 1 – June 30 Weight and Measures Metric System 1 meter (m) = 3.280 feet 1 hectare (ha) = 2.470 acres 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.620 miles 1cubic meter(m3) = 35.310 cubic feet 1 million acre feet (MAF) = 1.234 billion cubic meters 1 cubic foot/second (cfs) = 0.0283 cubic meters/sec (m3/sec) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACZ Agro-climatic Zones GIS Geographic Information System ADB Asian Development Bank GM General Manager AWBs Area Water Boards GMRC Glacier Monitoring and Research Center BEC Bid Evaluation Committee GoP Government of Pakistan BER Bid Evaluation Report GoPunjab Government of Punjab CAS Country Assistance Strategy GPN General Procurement Notice CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Gwh Gigawatt hour CPPA Central Power Purchase
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Perspective Changes in Crop Irrigation Requirement Caused by Climate and Agriculture Land Use Changes in Rechna Doab, Pakistan
    water Article Long-Term Perspective Changes in Crop Irrigation Requirement Caused by Climate and Agriculture Land Use Changes in Rechna Doab, Pakistan 1,2, 3, 1, 2,4 Arfan Arshad y , Zhijie Zhang y, Wanchang Zhang * and Ishfaq Gujree 1 Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Department of Geography, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4148, USA 4 Institute of Tibetan Pleatue Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-82178131 The first two authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors of y this paper. Received: 2 July 2019; Accepted: 24 July 2019; Published: 29 July 2019 Abstract: Climate change and agriculture land use changes in the form of cropping patterns are closely linked with crop water use. In this study the SDSM (statistical downscaling model) was used to downscale and simulate changes in meteorological parameters from 1961 to 2099 using HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) data under two selected scenarios i.e., H3A2 and H3B2. Results indicated that Tmax,Tmin, and wind speed may increase while relative humidity and precipitation may decrease in the future under both H3A2 and H3B2 scenarios. Downscaled meteorological parameters were used as input in the CROPWAT model to simulate crop irrigation requirement (CIR) in the baseline (1961–1990) and the future (2020s, 2050s and 2080s). Data related to agriculture crop sown area of five major crops were collected from Punjab statistical reports for the period of 1981–2015 and forecasted using linear exponential smoothing based on the historical rate.
    [Show full text]