References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION V: Skin and Reconstruction Chapter 75: Primary Wound Closure
REFERENCES
1. Akgun K, Korpinar MA, Kalkan MT, et al: Temperature changes in superficial and deep tissue layers with respect to time of cold gel pack application in dogs. Yonsei Med J 45(4):711–718, 2004. PUBMED Abstract 2. Berger N, Eeg PH: Veterinary laser surgery: a practical guide, ed 1, Ames, IA, 2006, Blackwell Publishing.
3. Blomme EA, Chinn KS, Hardy MN, et al: Selective cyclooxygenase inhibition does not affect the healing of cutaneous full-thickness incisional wounds in SKH-1 mice. Br J Dermatol 148:211–223, 2003.
4. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3–14, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579–587, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Cahill RA, Sheehan KM, Scanlon RW, et al: Effects of a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor on colonic anastomotic and skin wound integrity. Br J Surg 91:1613–1618, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
7. Cengiz Y, Blomquist P, Israelsson LA: Small tissue bites and wound strength. Arch Surg 136:272–275, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
8. Chu C, vonFraunhofer JA, Greisler HP: Wound closure biomaterials and devices, ed 1, Boca Raton, FL, 1997, CRC Press.
9. Doughty DB, Sparks-Defriese B: Wound-healing physiology. In Bryant RA, Nix DP, editors: Acute & chronic wounds, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, p 56.
10. Eidelman A, Weiss JM, Enu IK, et al: Comparative efficacy and costs of various topical anesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. J Clin Anesth 17:106–116, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
11. Fahie MA, Shettko D: Evidence-based wound management: a systematic review of therapeutic agents to enhance granulation and epithelialization. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 37:559– 577, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
12. Freeman LJ, Pettit GD, Robinette JD, et al: Tissue reaction to suture material in the feline linea alba: retrospective, prospective, and histologic study. Vet Surg 16:440, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
13. Gellman CL, Barroso EG, Britton CT, et al: The effect of lasers, electrocautery and sharp dissection on cutaneous flaps. Plast Reconst Surg 94:829, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
14. Hamamoto T, Yabuki A, Yamate O, et al: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 induction during wound healing in dog skin. Res Vet Sci 87(3):349–354, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Hohenleutner U, Egner N, Hohenleutner S, et al: Intradermal buried vertical mattress suture as sole skin closure: evaluation of 149 cases. Acta Derm Venereol 80:344–347, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
16. Hosgood G: Stages of wound healing and their clinical relevance. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 36:667–685, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
17. Irwin DHG: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
18. Johnson RG, Cohn WE, Thurer RL, et al: Cutaneous closure after cardiac operations. A controlled, randomized, prospective comparison of intradermal versus staple closures. Ann Surg 226(5):606–612, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
19. Kettle C, Hills RK, Ismail KMK: Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second degree tears [review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4): CD000947. PUBMED Abstract
20. Kirpensteijn J, Maarschalkerweerd RJ, Koeman JP, et al: Comparison of two suture materials for intradermal skin closure in dogs. Vet Q 19:20–22, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
21. Knecht CD, Clark RL, Fletcher OJ: Healing of sharp incisions and electroincisions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1447–1452, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
22. Ko J, Weil A, Maxwell L, et al: Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:280–283, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Kummeling A, van Sluijs FJ: Closure of the rectus sheath with a continuous looped suture and the skin with staples in dogs: speed, safety, and costs compared to closure of the rectus sheath with interrupted sutures and the skin with a continuous subdermal suture. Vet Q 20:126–130, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Lee KS, Kim NG, Jang PY, et al: Statistical analysis of surgical dog-ear regression. Dermatol Surg 34:8, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Mauldin GE, Davidson JR: Nutritional support of hospitalized cats and dogs. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 87.
26. Mbugua SW, Skoglund LA, Lokken P: Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post- operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs. Acta Vet Scan 30:27, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
27. Orgill D, Demling RH: Current concepts and approaches to wound healing. Crit Care Med 16:899–908, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
28. Pavletic MM: Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders.
29. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 250.
30. Pearl ML, Rayburn WF: Choosing abdominal incision and closure techniques: a review. J Reprod Med 49:662–670, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
31. Richey ML, Roe SC: Assessment of knot security in continuous intradermal wound closures. J Surg Res 123:284–288, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
32. Rosin E, Robinson GM: Knot security of suture materials. Vet Surg 18:269–273, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
33. Savvas I, Papazoglou LG, Kazakos G, et al: Incisional block with bupivacaine for analgesia after celiotomy in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:60–66; 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Morse BS, et al: Evaluation of fibrin sealants in cutaneous wound closure. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48:315–321, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
35. Silverman EB, Read RW, Boyle CR, et al: Histologic comparison of canine skin biopsies collected using monopolar electrosurgery, CO2 laser, radiowave radiosurgery, skin biopsy punch, and scalpel. Vet Surg 36:50–56, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Smeak DD: Avoiding skin tension without flaps. North American Veterinary Conference, 2006. Available at: http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/SAE/521. asp?LA=1.
37. Smeak DD: Buried continuous intradermal suture closure. Comp Contin Ed Pract Vet 14:907– 919, 1992.
38. Smoot E, Clyde MD: Method for securing a subcuticular suture with minimal buried knot. Plast Reconst Surg 102:2447–2449, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
39. Stanley BJ: Impaired wound healing challenges. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at: http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2007/SAE/ 512.asp?LA=1.
40. Stewart JB: Tissue sparing repair. A new approach to shorten excisional lines. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18:822–826, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
41. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins.
42. Sylvestre A, Wilson J, Hare J: A comparison of 2 different suture patterns for skin closure of canine ovariohysterectomy. Can Vet J 43:699–702, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
43. Taylor GI, Minabe T: The angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:181, 1192.
44. Temple WJ, Voitk AJ, Snelling CF, et al: Effect of nutrition, diet and suture material on long-term wound healing. Ann Surg 182:93–97, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
45. Toombs JP, Clarke KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 199.
46. Trott AT: Wounds and lacerations: emergency care and closure, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Mosby.
47. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 274.
48. VanWinkle W, Hastings JC: Considerations in the choice of suture material for various tissues. Surg Gynecol Obstet 135:113–126, 1972.
49. Vasconcellos CH, Matera JM, Dagli ML: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59–63, 2005. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Weiland L, Croubels S, Baert K, et al: Pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch 5% in dogs. J Vet Med 53:34–39, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
51. Wilson DA: Early wound management. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at http://www. ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/LA/096.asp?LA=1. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 76: Open Wounds
REFERENCES
1. Adkesson MJ, Travis EK, Weber MA, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure for treatment of a deep shell abscess and osteomyelitis in a tortoise. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1249, 2007. PUBMED Abstract 2. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 38:563, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
3. Australian Wound Management Association: Standard for wound management, 2002, Available at http://www.awma.com.au/publications/2009/bacterial_impact_position_document_V_1_0.pdf.
4. Australian Wound Management Association: Bacterial impact on wound healing: from contamination to infection. Position Document of the Australian Wound Management Association, 2002, Available at http://www.awma.com.au/publications/2009/bacterial_impact_position_document_V_1_0.pdf.
5. Baldwin C, Potter M, Clayton E, et al: Topical negative pressure stimulates endothelial migration and proliferation: a suggested mechanism for improved integration of Integra. Ann Plast Surg 62:92, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P: The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med 9:267, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bardy J, Slevin NJ, Mais KL, et al: A systematic review of honey uses and its potential value within oncology care. J Clin Nurs 17:2604, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
8. Ben-Amotz R, Lanz OI, Miller JM, et al: The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of distal extremity wounds in 15 dogs. Vet Surg 36:684, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
9. Blackburn JH 2nd, Boemi L, Hall WW, et al: Negative-pressure dressings as a bolster for skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg 40:453, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
10. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
11. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
12. Bovill E, Banwell PE, Teot L, et al: Topical negative pressure wound therapy: a review of its role and guidelines for its use in the management of acute wounds. Int Wound J 5:511, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
13. Bowler PG, Jones SA, Walker M, et al: Microbicidal properties of a silver-containing hydrofiber dressing against a variety of burn wound pathogens. J Burn Care Rehabil 25:192, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
14. Buffa EA, Lubbe AM, Verstraete FJM, et al: The effect of wound lavage solution on canine fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 26:460, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Cazander G, van Veen KE, Bernards AT, et al: Do maggots have an influence on bacterial growth? A study on the susceptibility of strains of six different bacterial species to maggots of Lucilia sericata and their excretions/secretions. J Tissue Viability 18:80, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
16. Chatterjee JS: A critical review of irrigation techniques in acute wounds. Int Wound J 2:258, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
17. Fernandez R, Griffiths R: Water for wound cleansing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003861, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
18. Fong J, Wood F, Fowler B: A silver coated dressing reduces the incidence of early burn wound cellulitis and associated costs of inpatient treatment: comparative patient care audits. Burns 31:562, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
19. French VM, Cooper RA, Molan PC: The antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 56:228, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
20. Gabriel A, Shores J, Heinrich C, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: a pilot study describing a new method for treating infected wounds. Int Wound J 5:399, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
21. Gregor S, Maegele M, Sauerland S, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy: a vacuum of evidence? Arch Surg 143:189, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Guille AE, Tseng LW, Orsher RJ: Use of vacuum-assisted closure for management of a large skin wound in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1669, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Gupta A: A review of the use of maggots in wound therapy. Ann Plast Surg 60:224, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
24. Jacobs S, Simhaee DA, Marsano A, et al: Efficacy and mechanisms of vacuum-assisted closure (vac) therapy in promoting wound healing: a rodent model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1331–1338, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
25. Jaklic D, Lapanje A, Zupancic K, et al: Selective antimicrobial activity of maggots against pathogenic bacteria. J Med Microbiol 57:617, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
26. Jeschke MG, Sandmann G, Schubert T, et al: Effect of oxidized regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix on dermal and epidermal healing and growth factors in an acute wound. Wound Repair Regen 13:324, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
27. Jones SA, Bowler PG, Walker M, et al: Controlling wound bioburden with a novel silver-containing hydrofiber dressing. Wound Repair Regen 12:288, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
28. Jull A, Walker N, Parag V, et al: Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg 95:175, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
29. Jull AB, Rodgers A, Walker N: Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005083, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
30. Kairinos N, Solomons M, Hudson DA: Negative-pressure wound therapy I: the paradox of negative-pressure wound therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:589, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kairinos N, Voogd AM, Botha PH, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy II: negative-pressure wound therapy and increased perfusion. Just an illusion? Plast Reconstr Surg 123:601, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
32. Labler L, Rancan M, Mica L, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy increases local interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in traumatic wounds. J Trauma 66:749, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lee WR, Tobias KM, Bemis DA, et al: In vitro efficacy of a polyhexamethylene biguanide- impregnated gauze dressing against bacteria found in veterinary patients. Vet Surg 33:404, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
34. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The method of quantitative burn-wound biopsy cultures and its routine use in the care of the burned patient. Am J Clin Pathol 61:20, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
35. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The use of quantitative biopsy cultures in bacteriologic monitoring of burn patients. J Surg Res 16:1, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
36. Malmsjo M, Ingemansson R, Martin R, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy using gauze or open-cell polyurethane foam: similar early effects on pressure transduction and tissue contraction in an experimental porcine wound model. Wound Repair Regen 17:200, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
37. McNulty AK, Schmidt M, Feeley T, et al: Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on fibroblast viability, chemotactic signaling, and proliferation in a provisional wound (fibrin) matrix. Wound Repair Regen 15:838, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
38. Metzmacher I, Ruth P, Abel M, et al: In vitro binding of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and bacterial collagenase on collagenous wound dressings. Wound Repair Regen 15:549, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Mitchell V, Galizia JP, Fournier L: Precise diagnosis of infection in burn wound biopsy specimens. Combination of histologic technique, acridine orange staining, and culture. J Burn Care Rehabil 10:195, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
40. Mitsui A, Mathews KG, Linder KE, et al: Effects of fascial abrasion, fasciotomy, and fascial excision on cutaneous wound healing in cats. Am J Vet Res 70:532, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
41. Monstrey S, Hoeksema H, Verbelen J, et al: Assessment of burn depth and burn wound healing potential. Burns 34:761, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
42. Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann Plast Surg 38:553, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
43. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Priya A: A meta-analysis of wound irrigation comparing tap-water versus sterile saline. Ann Emerg Med 48:S84, 2006.
44. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Reardon RF, et al: A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation. Acad Emerg Med 14:404, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Mueller SW, Krebsbach LE: Impact of an antimicrobial-impregnated gauze dressing on surgical site infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Infect Control 36:651, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
46. Nguyen TT, Cox CS, Traber DL, et al: Free radical activity and loss of plasma antioxidants, vitamin e, and sulfhydryl groups in patients with burns: the 1993 Moyer Award. J Burn Care Rehabil 14:602, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
47. Olaitan PB, Adeleke OE, Ola IO: Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr Health Sci 7:159, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
48. Potter MJ, Banwell P, Baldwin C, et al: In vitro optimisation of topical negative pressure regimens for angiogenesis into synthetic dermal replacements. Burns 34:164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Pruitt BA Jr, Foley FD: The use of biopsies in burn patient care. Surgery 73:887, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
50. Ramundo J, Gray M: Enzymatic wound debridement. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 35:273, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Robson MC, Heggers JP: Delayed wound closure based on bacterial counts. J Surg Oncol 2:379, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
52. Sanchez IR, Nusbaum KE, Swaim SF: Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Surg 17:182, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
53. Saxena V, Hwang CW, Huang S, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: microdeformations of wounds and cell proliferation, Plast Reconstr Surg 114:1086, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
54. Schallberger SP, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al: Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs. Vet Surg 37:515, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
55. Senet P: Becaplermin gel (Regranex gel). Ann Dermatol Venereol 131:351, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Swaim SF, Gillette RL, Sartin EA, et al: Effects of a hydrolyzed collagen dressing on the healing of open wounds in dogs. Am J Vet Res 61:1574, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
57. Ubbink DT, Westerbos SJ, Nelson EA, et al: A systematic review of topical negative pressure therapy for acute and chronic wounds. Br J Surg 95:685, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
58. Ueno H, Murakami M, Okumura M, et al: Chitosan accelerates the production of osteopontin from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biomaterials 22:1667, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
59. Ueno H, Ohya T, Ito H, et al: Chitosan application to x-ray irradiated wound in dogs. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60:304, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
60. Wackenfors A, Gustafsson R, Sjogren J, et al: Blood flow responses in the peristernal thoracic wall during vacuum-assisted closure therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1724, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
61. Whaley S: Tap water or normal saline for cleansing traumatic wounds? Br J Community Nurs 9:471, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
62. Wheeler CB, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, et al: Side-effects of high pressure irrigation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:775, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
63. White JW Jr, Subers MH, Schepartz AI: The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system. Biochim Biophys Acta 73:57, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
64. Wiegand C, Heinze T, Hipler UC: Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver- containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen 17:511, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
65. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, et al: Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy. N Z Med J 122:47, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
66. Wilkes R, Zhao Y, Kieswetter K, et al: Effects of dressing type on 3d tissue microdeformations during negative pressure wound therapy: a computational study. J Biomech Eng 131:031012, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
67. Willix DJ, Molan PC, Harfoot CG: A comparison of the sensitivity of wound-infecting species of bacteria to the antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and other honey. J Appl Bacteriol 73:388, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
68. Winkler JT, Swaim SF, Sartin EA, et al: The effect of a porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa product on wounds with exposed bone in dogs. Vet Surg 31:541, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 77: Tension-Relieving Techniques
REFERENCES
1. Abramson DL, Gibstein LA, Pribaz JJ: An inexpensive method of intraoperative skin stretching for closure of large cutaneous wounds. Ann Plast Surg 38:540–542, 1997. PUBMED Abstract 2. Al-Bagdadi F: The Integument. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 98–121.
3. Alvarado A: Reciprocal incisions for closure of circular skin defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 67:482– 491, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
4. Austin BR, Henderson RA: Buried tension sutures: force-tension comparisons of pulley, double butterfly, mattress, and simple interrupted suture patterns. Vet Surg 35:43–48, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bailey JV, Jacobs KA: The mesh expansion method of suturing wounds on the legs of horses. Vet Surg 12:78–82, 1983.
6. Belkoff SM, Naylor EC, Walshaw R, et al: Effects of subcutaneous expansion on the mechanical properties of porcine skin. J Surg Res 58:117–123, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
7. Hamilton HL, McLaughlin SA, Whitley RD, et al: Surgical reconstruction of severe cicatricial ectropion in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:212–218, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
8. Hedlund CS: Large trunk wounds. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36:847–872, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
9. Hedlund CS: Surgery of the integumentary system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 134–228.
10. Hochman M, Branham G, Thomas JR: Relative effects of intraoperative tissue expansion and undermining on wound closing tensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118:1185–1187, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
11. Irwin DH: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593–598, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
12. Johnson TM, Brown MD, Sullivan MJ, et al: Immediate intraoperative tissue expansion. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:283–287, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
13. Johnston DE: Tension-relieving techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:67–80, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
14. Johnston DE: Tissue expanders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:227–234, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
15. Keller WG, Aron DN, Rakich PM, et al: Rapid tissue expansion for the development of rotational skin flaps in the distal portion of the hindlimb of dogs: an experimental study. Vet Surg 23:31–39, 1994. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Liang MD, Briggs P, Heckler FR, et al: Presuturing—a new technique for closing large skin defects: clinical and experimental studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 81:694–702, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
17. Mackay DR, Saggers GC, Kotwal N, et al: Stretching skin: undermining is more important than intraoperative expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:722–730, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
18. Melis P, Noorlander ML, van der Horst CM, et al: Rapid alignment of collagen fibers in the dermis of undermined and not undermined skin stretched with a skin-stretching device. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:674–680; discussion 681–672, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
19. Melis P, Noorlander ML, van der Kleij AJ, et al: Oxygenation and microcirculation during skin stretching in undermined and nonundermined skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 112:1295–1301, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
20. Pavletic MM: Skin stretching techniques. In Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 173–189.
21. Pavletic MM: Tension-relieving techniques. In Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 131–171.
22. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 250–259.
23. Pavletic MM: Use of an external skin-stretching device for wound closure in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:350–354, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
24. Ridge MD, Wright V: The directional effects of skin. A bio-engineering study of skin with particular reference to Langer’s lines. J Invest Dermatol 46:341–346, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
25. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Henderson RA, et al: Enhancing wound closure on the limbs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 18:919–933, 1996.
26. Shapiro AL, Hochman M, Thomas JR, et al: Effects of intraoperative tissue expansion and skin flaps on wound closing tensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:1107–1111, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
27. Sharobaro VI, Moroz VY, Starkov YG, et al: First experience of endoscopic implantation of tissue expanders in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Surg Endosc 18: 513–517, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
28. Spodnick GJ, Pavletic MM, Clark GN, et al: Controlled tissue expansion in the distal extremities of dogs. Vet Surg 22:436–443, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
29. Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Vaughn DM, et al: The greyhound dog as a model for studying pressure ulcers. Decubitus 6:32–35, 38–40, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
30. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Management of skin tension. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 143–190.
31. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Various shaped wounds. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 235–274.
32. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 274–292. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Webb AJ, Calhoun ML: The microscopic anatomy of the skin of mongrel dogs. Am J Vet Res 15:274–280, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
34. Webster RC, Davidson TM, Smith RC, et al: M-plasty techniques. J Dermatol Surg 2:393–396, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
35. Wilhelmi BJ, Blackwell SJ, Mancoll JS, et al: Creep vs. stretch: a review of the viscoelastic properties of skin. Ann Plast Surg 41:215–219, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
36. Zeng YJ, Xu CQ, Yang J, et al: Biomechanical comparison between conventional and rapid expansion of skin. Br J Plast Surg 56:660–666, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 78: Local or Subdermal Plexus Flaps
REFERENCES
1. Al Bagdadi F: The integument. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders. 2. Basher A: Foot injuries in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 16:1159, 1994.
3. Bradley DM, Shealy PM, Swaim SF: Meshed skin graft and phalangeal fillet for paw salvage: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:427, 1993.
4. Friedman HIF: An evidence-based appraisal of the use of hyperbaric oxygen on flaps and grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:175S, 2007.
5. Ghali S, Butler PEM, Tepper OM, et al: Vascular delay revisited. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:1735, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
6. Hunt GB: Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large sternal and inguinal wounds in cats and dogs. Vet Surg 24:172, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
7. Hunt GB: Use of the lip-to-lid flap for replacement of the lower eyelid in five cats. Vet Surg 35:284, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
8. Hunt GB, Tisdall PLC, Liptak JM, et al: Skin fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in cats and dogs. Vet Surg 30:440, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
9. Irwin DHG: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:595, 1966.
10. Matera JM, Tatarunas AC, Fantoni DT, et al: Use of the scrotum as a transposition flap for closure of surgical wounds in three dogs. Vet Surg 33:99, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
11. McGraw-Hill concise dictionary of modern medicine, New York, 2002, McGraw-Hill.
12. Milton SH: Pedicled skin flaps: the fallacy of the length:width ratio. Br J Surg 57:502–508, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
13. Pavletic MM: Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid reconstruction in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:921, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
14. Pavletic MM: Nasal and rostral labial reconstruction in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:913, 1983.
15. Pavletic MM: Pedicle grafts. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 292.
16. Pavletic MM: Vascular supply to the skin of the dog: a review. Vet Surg 9:77, 1980.
17. Séguin B, McDonald DE, Kent MS, et al: Tolerance of cutaneous or mucosal flaps placed into a radiation therapy field in dogs. Vet Surg 34:214–222, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
18. Smith MM, Gourley IM: Preputial reconstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1493, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
19. Suzuki S, Isshiki N, Ogawa Y, et al: The minimal requirement of circulation for survival of undelayed and delayed flaps in rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 77:222–227, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
20. Swaim SF, Garrett PD: Foot salvage techniques in dogs and cats: options, “do’s” and “don’ts.” J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:511, 1985.
21. Vasconcellos CH de C, Matera JM, Dagli MLZ: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 79: Axial Pattern and Myocutaneous Flaps
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1. Aper RL, Smeak DD: Clinical evaluation of caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap reconstruction of skin defects in 10 dogs (1989–2001). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:185, 2005. PUBMED Abstract 2. Aper RL, Smeak DD: Complications and outcome after thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects in 10 dogs, 1989–2001. Vet Surg 32:378, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
3. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 38(6):563, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
4. Atalay C, Yilmaz KB: The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postmastectomy skin flap necrosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 117(3):611, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
5. Barnett TM, Shilt JS: Use of vacuum-assisted closure and a dermal regeneration template as an alternative to flap reconstruction in pediatric grade IIIB open lower-extremity injuries. Am J Orthop 38(6):301, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bloomenstein RB: Evaluation of tests for predicting the viability of axial pattern skin flaps in the pig. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(3):396, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:1, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
8. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bristol DG: The effect of tension on perfusion of axial and random pattern flaps in foals. Vet Surg 21(3):223, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
10. Bryant KJ, Moore K, Mcanulty JF: Angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap for reconstruction of recurrent fistulae of the palate. Vet Surg 32:113, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cohen BE: Beneficial effect of staged division of pedicle in experimental axial-pattern flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(3):366, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
12. Cornell K, Salisbury K, Jakovljevic S, et al: Reverse saphenous conduit flap in cats: an anatomic study. Vet Surg 24:202, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
13. Dundas JM, Fowler JD, Shmon CL, et al: Modification of the superficial cervical axial pattern skin flap for oral reconstruction. Vet Surg 34:206, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
14. Evans HE: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Fahie MA, Smith MM: Axial pattern flap based on the cutaneous branch of the superficial temporal artery in dogs: an experimental study and case report. Vet Surg 28:141, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
16. Fahie MA, Smith MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial temporal artery in cats: an experimental study. Vet Surg 26:86, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
17. Forrest CR, Pang CY, Zhong AG, Neligan PC: Role of noradrenaline in the pathogenesis of skin flap ischemic necrosis in the pig. J Surg Res 48(3):237, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
18. Fowler JD, Degner DA, Walshaw R, et al: Microvascular free tissue transfer: results in 57 consecutive cases. Vet Surg 27:406, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
19. Gray MJ: Chronic axillary wound repair in a cat with omentalisation and omocervical skin flap. J Sm Anim Pract 46:499, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
20. Griffiths RW, Hobby JA, Humphries NL, Trengove-Jones G: The influence of postoperative pharmacological vasodilator agents on the pattern of necrosis in a standardised rat skin flap. Br J Plast Surg 34(4):441, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
21. Guba AM Jr, Callahan J: Nutrient blood flow in delayed axial pattern skin flaps in pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(3):372, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
22. Guba AM Jr: Study of the delay phenomenon in axial pattern flaps in pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(4):550, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
23. Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ, et al: Use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the thoracic wall after en bloc resection of primary rib chondrosarcoma in five dogs. Vet Surg 36:587, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
24. Hartmann M, Jonsson K, Zederfeldt B: Effect of tissue perfusion and oxygenation on accumulation of collagen in healing wounds. Eur J Surg 158:521, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
25. Henney LHS, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog. Vet Surg 17:311, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
26. Holzbach T, Neshkova I, Vlaskou D, et al: Searching for the right timing of surgical delay: angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor and perfusion changes in a skin-flap model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Hoopes JE, Im MJ: Skin flap necrosis in guinea pigs: limitation of glucose supply and accumulation of lactate. Plast Reconstr Surg 61(5):748, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
28. Hunt GB, Tisdall PLC, Liptak JM, et al: Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 30:440, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Isakow K, Fowler D, Shmon D, et al: Investigation of a modified reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog. Vet Compar Orthop Traumatol 15:30, 2002.
30. Jacobi S, Stanley BJ, Petersen-Jones S, et al: Use of an axial pattern flap and nictitans to reconstruct medial eyelid and canthus in a dog. Vet Ophth 11:395, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
31. Jonsson K, Jensen JA, Goodson WH III, et al: Tissue oxygenation, anemia, and perfusion in relation to wound healing in surgical patients. Ann Surg 214:605, 1991. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
32. Kostolich M, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the genicular branch of the saphenous artery in the dog. Vet Surg 16:217, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lanthier T, Miller C, McDonell WN, et al: Use of laser Doppler flowmetry to determine blood flow in and viability of island axial pattern skin flaps in rabbits. Am J Vet Res 51(12):1914, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
34. Larrabee WF Jr, Sutton GD, Holloway A Jr, Tolentino G: Laser Doppler velocimetry and fluorescein dye in the prediction of skin flap viability. A comparison. Arch Otolaryngol 109(7):454, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
35. Lascelles BD, White RAS: Combined omental pedicle grafts and thoracodorsal axial pattern flaps for the reconstruction of chronic, nonhealing axillary wounds in cats. Vet Surg 30:380, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
36. Lehman JF, DeLateur BJ: Cryotherapy. In Lehman JF, editor: Therapeutic heat and cold, ed 3, Baltimore, 1982, Williams & Wilkins, p 563.
37. Leonatti S, Tobias KM: Skin reconstruction techniques: axial pattern flaps. Vet Med 99:862, 2004.
38. Lidbetter DA, Williams FA Jr, Krahwinkel DJ, et al: Radical lateral body-wall resection for fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap: a prospective clinical study of the technique and results in 6 cats. Vet Surg 31:57, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
39. Losken A, Styblo TM, Schaefer TG, Carlson GW: The use of fluorescein dye as a predictor of mastectomy skin flap viability following autologous tissue reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 61(1):24, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
40. Mayhew PD, Holt DE: Simultaneous use of bilateral caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps for wound closure in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 44:534, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
41. Meirer R, Huemer GM, Gurunluoglu R, et al: Comparison of the effectiveness of gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor or shock wave therapy to reduce ischaemic necrosis in an epigastric skin flap model in rats. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60(3):266, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
42. Mokrý M, Gál P, Harakalová M, et al: Experimental study on predicting skin flap necrosis by fluorescence in the FAD and NADH bands during surgery. Photochem Photobiol 83(5):1193, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
43. Mulliken JB, Healey NA: Pathogenesis of skin flap necrosis from an underlying hematoma. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(5):725, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
44. Padubidri A, Browne E: Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on survival of random extension of axial pattern skin flaps in the rat. Ann Plast Surg 37(6):604, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
45. Pang CY, Neligan P, Nakatsuka T, Sasaki GH: Assessment of the fluorescein dye test for prediction of skin flap viability in pigs. J Surg Res 41(2):173, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
46. Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flaps in small animal practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):105, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
47. Pavletic MM: Canine axial pattern flaps, using the omocervical, thoracodorsal, and deep circumflex iliac direct cutaneous arteries. Am J Vet Res 42:391, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
48. Pavletic MM, Watters J, Henry R, et al: Reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:380, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
49. Pokorny AT, Bright DA, Cummings CW: The effects of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase in a rat model of skin flap necrosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115(2):207, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
50. Prather A, Blackburn JP, Williams TR, Lynn JA: Evaluation of tests for predicting the viability of axial pattern skin flaps in the pig. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(2):250, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
51. Reetz JA, Seiler G, Mayhew PD, et al: Ultrasonographic and color-flow Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of direct cutaneous arteries used for axial pattern skin flaps in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1362, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
52. Reinisch JF: Prevention of skin flap necrosis by a course of treatment with vasodilator drugs: commentary. Plast Reconstr Surg 61(6):903, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
53. Remedios AM, Bauer MS, Bowen CV, et al: Axial pattern skin flaps in cats, Microsurg 12:125, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
54. Remedios AM, Bauer MS, Bowen CV: Thoracodorsal and caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern skin flaps in cats. Vet Surg 18:380, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
55. Remedios AM, Fowler JD: Axial pattern flaps in the cutaneous reconstruction of lower limb wounds. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17:1356, 1995.
56. Saifzadeh S, Hobbenaghi R, Noorabadi M: Axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries of the tail in the dog: an experimental study. Vet Surg 34:509, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
57. Salerno GM, McBride DM, Bleicher JN, et al: Ciprostene and indomethacin partially reverse the mechanisms of distal end necrosis in the rat random skin flap. Ann Plast Surg 28(6):526, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
58. Sardinas JC, Pavletic MM, Ross JT, et al: Comparative viability of peninsular and island axial pattern flaps incorporating the cranial superficial epigastric artery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:452, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
59. Shields Henney LH, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog. Vet Surg 17:311, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
60. Smith MM, Carrig CB, Waldron DR, et al: Direct cutaneous arterial supply to the tail in dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:145, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
61. Smith MM, Payne JT, Moon ML, et al: Axial pattern flap based on the caudal auricular artery in dogs. Am J Vet Res 52:922, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
62. Smith PJ: The vascular basis of axial pattern flaps. Br J Plast Surg 26(2):150, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
63. Spodnick GJ, Hudson LC, Clark GN, et al: Use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1679, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
64. Stiles J, Townsend W, Willis M, et al: Use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap in three cats and one dog following orbital exenteration. Vet Ophth 6:121, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
65. Taylor GI, Minabe T: The angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. Plast Reconst Surg 89:181, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
66. Törkvist L, Löfberg R, Raud J, Thorlacius H: Heparin protects against skin flap necrosis: relationship to neutrophil recruitment and anti-coagulant activity. Inflamm Res 53(1):1, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
67. Toutain CE, Brouchet L, Raymond-Letron I, et al: Prevention of skin flap necrosis by estradiol involves reperfusion of a protected vascular network. Circ Res 104(2):245, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
68. Trevor PB, Smith MM, Waldron DR, et al: Clinical evalutation of axial pattern skin flaps in dogs and cats: 19 cases (1981–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:608, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
69. Uygur F, Duman H, Ulkür E, Ceiköz B: The role of the vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the salvage of venous congestion of the free flap: case report. Int Wound J 5(1):50, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
70. Weinand C, Jordan M, Jeng J: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device for hastened attachment of an ileo-epigastric flap to third-degree burns on hand and fingers. J Burn Care Res 2009. PUBMED Abstract
71. Yates G, Landon B, Edwards G: Investigation and clinical application of a novel axial pattern flap for nasal and facial reconstruction in the dog. Aust Vet J 85:113, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 80: Skin Grafts
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1. Alexander J, Hoffer R: Pinch grafting in the dog. Canine Pract 3:27, 1976. 2. Bauer M, Pope E: The effects of skin graft thickness on graft viability and change in original graft area in dogs. Vet Surg 15:321, 1986.
3. Birch J, Brånemark PI: The vascularization of a free full thickness skin graft. I. A vital microscopic study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 3(1):1–10, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
4. Birch J, Brånemark PI, Lundskog J: The vascularization of a free full thickness skin graft. II. A microangiographic study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 3(1):11–17, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
5. Birchard SJ, Smeak DD: Selected skin graft and reconstructive techniques. In Birchard SJ, Sherding RG, editors: Saunders manual of small animal practice, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, p 404.
6. Bradley DM, Scardino MS, Swaim SF: Construction of a weight-bearing surface on a dog’s distal pelvic limb. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34(5):387–394, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bradley DM, Swaim SF, Alexander CN, Jull BA: Autogenous pad grafts for reconstruction of a weight-bearing surface: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:533, 1994.
8. Browne EZ: Complications of skin grafts and pedicle flaps. Hand Clin 2(2):353–359, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
9. Burge S, Rayment R: Simple skin surgery, Oxford, 1986, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
10. Chang WJ: Wound management. In Chang WJ, editor: Fundamentals of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Baltimore, 1980, Williams & Wilkins, p 9.
11. Converse J, Ballantyne D, Rogers B, Raisbeck A: “Plasmatic circulation” in skin grafts. Transplant Bull 4(4):154–156, 1957. PUBMED Abstract
12. Converse JM, McCarthy JG, Brauner RO, et al: Transplantation of skin: grafts and flaps. In Converse JM, editor: Reconstructive plastic surgery: principles and procedures in correction, reconstruction, and transplantation, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1977, Saunders, p 152.
13. Converse JM: Plastic surgery and transplantation of skin. In Epstein E, Epstein E Jr, editors: Skin surgery, ed 4, Springfield, IL, 1982, Charles C Thomas, p 245.
14. Converse JM, Smahel J, Ballantyne DL, Harper AD: Inosculation of vessels of skin graft and host bed: a fortuitous encounter. Br J Plast Surg 28(4):274–282, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
15. Converse JM, Uhlschmid GK, Ballantyne DL: “Plasmatic circulation” in skin grafts: the phase of serum imbibition. Plast Reconstr Surg 43(5):495–499, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
16. Davis JS, Traut HF: Origin and development of the blood supply of whole-thickness skin grafts: an experimental study. Ann Surg 82(6):871–879, 1925. PUBMED Abstract
17. Argenta LC, Dingman RO: Skin grafting. In Epstein E, Epstein E Jr, editors: Skin surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 1987, Saunders, pp 129–139. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
18. Fox S, Probst C: Split-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 77:782, 1982.
19. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Small animal ophthalmic surgery: practical techniques for the veterinarian, Edinburgh, 2001, Elsevier.
20. Grabb WC: Basic techniques of plastic surgery. In Smith JW, Aston SJ, editors: Grabb and Smith’s plastic surgery, ed 4, Boston, 1991, Little, Brown, p 3.
21. Hanselka D, Boyd C: Use of mesh skin grafts in dogs and horses. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:644, 1976.
22. Hedlund C: Surgery of the integumentary system. In Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, pp 224–228.
23. Hoffer R, Alexander J: Pinch grafting. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:644, 1976.
24. Holder TEC, Schumacher J, Donnell RL, et al: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on full-thickness meshed sheet skin grafts applied to fresh and granulating wounds in horses. Am J Vet Res 69(1):144–147, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Hosgood G, Hodgin EC, Strain GM, et al: Effect of deferoxamine and hyperbaric oxygen on free, autogenous, full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 56(2):241–247, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
26. Hynes W: The early circulation in skin grafts with a consideration of methods to encourage their survival. Br J Plast Surg 6(4):257–263, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
27. Jensen E: Canine autogenous skin grafting. Am J Vet Res 20:898–908, 1959. PUBMED Abstract
28. Johnston D: Wound healing and reconstructive surgery. Am Anim Hosp Assoc Sci Proc 2:383, 1975.
29. Kalns JE, Dick EJ Jr, Scruggs JP, et al: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment prevents up-regulation of angiogenesis following partial-thickness skin grafts in the pig. Wound Repair Regen 11(2):139– 144, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
30. Kim EK, Hong JP: Efficacy of negative pressure therapy to enhance take of 1-stage allodermis and a split-thickness graft. Ann Plast Surg 58(5):536–540, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kuhns EL: Oral mucosal grafts for membrane nictitans replacement. Mod Vet Pract 58:768, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
32. Lemarié RJ, Hosgood G, VanSteenhouse J, et al: Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on lipid peroxidation in free skin grafts in rats. Am J Vet Res 59(7):913–917, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lindsay W: Step-by-step instructions for equine skin grafting techniques. Vet Med 83:598, 1983.
34. Llanos S, Danilla S, Barraza C, et al: Effectiveness of negative pressure closure in the integration of split thickness skin grafts. Ann Surg 244(5):700–705, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
35. McGregor I: Fundamental techniques of plastic surgery, ed 8, New York, 1989, Churchill Livingstone.
36. McKeever PJ, Braden TD: Comparison of full- and partial-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in dogs: a pilot study. Am J Vet Res 39(10):1706–1709, 1978. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
37. Merwin R, Algire G: The role of graft and host vessels in the vascularization of grafts of normal and neoplastic tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst 17(1):23–33, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
38. Moisidis E, Heath T, Boorer C, et al: A prospective, blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial of topical negative pressure use in skin grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 114(4):917–922, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Most D, Efron DT, Shi HP, et al: Differential cytokine expression in skin graft healing in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Plast Reconstr Surg 108(5):1251–1259, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
40. Neal PA: Skin grafting in the treatment of granulation wounds of the horse’s legs. Vet Rec 73:1399, 1961.
41. Nnene CO, Abu-Seido H, Isbister ES: Harvesting split skin grafts of appropriate thickness using the hand-held knife. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 82(5):339–340, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
42. Pavletic MM: Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders.
43. Pavletic MM: Skin grafting and reconstruction techniques. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 585.
44. Pavletic MM: Wound repair with punch grafts. Mod Vet Pract 64:704, 1983.
45. Peacock EE: Wound repair, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1984, Saunders.
46. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Surgical reconstruction of a hypoplastic prepuce. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:73, 1986.
47. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Wound drainage from under full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. Part I. Quantitative evaluation of four techniques. Vet Surg 15:65, 1986.
48. Pope ER. Mesh skin grafting. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 603.
49. Pope ER: Mesh skin grafting. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):177–187, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
50. Pope ER: Skin grafting in small animal surgery. Part I. The normal healing process. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:915, 1988.
51. Pope ER: Skin grafting in small animal surgery. Part II. Full-thickness skin grafting techniques. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:1068, 1988.
52. Probst CW, Peyton LC, Binham HG, et al: Split-thickness skin grafting in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:555, 1983.
53. Ross GE: Clinical canine skin grafting. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153(12):1759–1765, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
54. Rudolph R, Fisher JC, Ninneman J: Skin grafting, Boston, 1979, Little, Brown, and Company.
55. Rudolph R, Klein L: Healing process in skin grafts. Surg Gynecol Obstet 136:641, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
56. Salisbury RB: The mesh skin graft in trauma: history and preliminary report on acute wound coverage. J Trauma 11(4):347–351, 1971. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
57. Spruell JSA: The principles of transplanting skin in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 4:71, 1968.
58. Stashak TS: Skin grafting in horses. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract 6(1):215–225, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
59. Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: Management and reconstruction in the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1980, Saunders.
60. Swaim SF: Principles of mesh skin grafting. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 4:194, 1982.
61. Swaim SF: The full-thickness mesh graft. Vet Med 7:524, 1986.
62. Swaim SF: Skin grafts. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):147–175, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
63. Swaim SF: Skin grafts. In Small animal surgical secrets, Philadelphia, 2000, Hanley & Belfus, p 62.
64. Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Steiss JE, et al: Free segmental paw pad grafts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54(12):2161–2170, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
65. Swaim SF, Gillette RL: An update on wound medications and dressings. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:1133, 1998.
66. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Small animal wound management, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1997, Williams & Wilkins.
67. Swaim SF, Lee AH, Newton JC, et al: Evaluation of strip skin grafts in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:155, 1987.
68. Swaim SF, Pope ER, Lee AH, et al: Evaluation of a practical skin grafting technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:637, 1984.
69. Swaim SF, Scardino MS: Paw and distal limb salvage and reconstructive techniques. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 625.
70. Tavis MJ, Thornton JW, Harney JH, et al: Graft adherence to de-epithelialized surfaces: a comparative study. Ann Surg 184(5):594–600, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
71. Vistnes IM: Grafting of skin. Surg Clin North Am 57:939, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
72. Welch JA, Swaim SF: Nasal and facial reconstruction in a dog following severe trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:407, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
73. Williams WG, Cameron A, Robson MC, et al: A model for the assessment of sensory recovery of experimental skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg 43(4):397–404, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
74. Xiaoyong H, Yuemin X, Lujie S: Combined buccal and lingual mucosal grafts for urethroplasty: an experimental study in dogs. J Surg Res 1, 2010. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 81: Burns
REFERENCES
1. Aikawa N, Wakabayashi G, Ueda M, Shinozawa Y: Regulation of renal function in thermal injury. J Trauma 30(suppl 12):S174–S178, 1990. PUBMED Abstract 2. Alam HB, Stanton K, Koustova E, et al: Effect of different resuscitation strategies on neutrophil activation in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation 60(1):91–99, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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4. Andes WA, Rogers PW, Beason JW, Pruitt BA: The erythropoietin response to the anemia of thermal injury. J Lab Clin Med 88(4):584–592, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
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26. Fleming RY, Herndon DN, Vaidya S, et al: The effect of erythropoietin in normal healthy volunteers and pediatric patients with burn injuries. Surgery 112(2):424–431; discussion 431– 432, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Gallagher G, Rae CP, Kinsella J: Treatment of pain in severe burns. Am J Clin Dermatol 1(6):329–335, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Gan HT, Chen JDZ: Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in pathogenesis of delayed colonic transit after burn injury in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288(5):R1316–R1324, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
31. Garner JP, Heppell PSJ: Cerium nitrate in the management of burns. Burns 31(5):539–547, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gauglitz GG, Toliver-Kinsky TE, Williams FN, et al: Insulin increases resistance to burn wound infection-associated sepsis. Crit Care Med 38(1):202–208, 2010. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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34. Gillissen A, Jaworska M, Orth M, et al: Nacystelyn, a novel lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine, to augment cellular antioxidant defense in vitro. Respir Med 91(3):159–168, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
35. Gordon M, Winfree J: Fluid resuscitation after a major burn. In Burn care and therapy, St Louis, 1998, Mosby, pp 5–23.
36. Gosain A, Gamelli RL: Role of the gastrointestinal tract in burn sepsis. J Burn Care Rehabil 26(1):85–91, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
37. Granick MS, Posnett J, Jacoby M, et al: Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a high-powered parallel waterjet for wound debridement. Wound Repair Regen 14(4):394–397, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Grant CA, Fraser JF, Dunster KR, Schibler A: The assessment of regional lung mechanics with electrical impedance tomography: a pilot study during recruitment manoeuvres. Intens Care Med 35(1):166–170, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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41. Han T, Lee S, Kwon J, et al: The limited immunomodulatory effects of escharectomy on the kinetics of endotoxin, cytokines, and adhesion molecules in major burns. Mediators Inflamm 13(4):241–246, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
42. Hart DW, Wolf SE, Ramzy PI, et al: Anabolic effects of oxandrolone after severe burn. Ann Surg 233(4):556–564, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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44. Henderson R, Horne R: The pinna. In Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 1745.
45. Herndon DN, Tompkins RG: Support of the metabolic response to burn injury. Lancet 363(9424):1895–1902, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
46. Hettiaratchy S, Dziewulski P: ABC of burns: pathophysiology and types of burns. Br Med J 328(7453):1427–1429, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
47. Holm C, Hörbrand F, von Donnersmarck GH, Mühlbauer W: Acute renal failure in severely burned patients. Burns 25(2):171–178, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Horton JW, Tan J, White DJ, et al: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract attenuated the myocardial inflammation and dysfunction that occur with burn injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287(5):H2241–H2251, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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50. Jeffery SLA: Device related tangential excision in burns. Injury 38(suppl 5):S35–S38, 2007.
51. Jeong J, Adamson LK, Hatam R, et al: Alterations in the expression and modification of histones in the liver after injury. Exp Mol Pathol 75(3):256–264, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
52. Jeschke MG, Debroy MA, Wolf SE, et al: Burn and starvation increase programmed cell death in small bowel epithelial cells. Dig Dis Sci 45(2):415–420, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
53. Jeschke MG, Low JF, Spies M, et al: Cell proliferation, apoptosis, NF-kappaB expression, enzyme, protein, and weight changes in livers of burned rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280(6):G1314–G1320, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
54. Jones WG, Minei JP, Barber AE, et al: Bacterial translocation and intestinal atrophy after thermal injury and burn wound sepsis. Ann Surg 211(4):399–405, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kawakami M, Endoh Y, Orringer EP, Meyer AA: Improvements in rheologic properties of blood by fluid resuscitation after burn injury in rats. J Burn Care Rehabil 13(3):316–322, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
56. Khalil Z, Helme R: Sensory peptides as neuromodulators of wound healing in aged rats. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 51(5):B354–B361, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kim G, Oh KH, Yoon JW, et al: Impact of burn size and initial serum albumin level on acute renal failure occurring in major burn. Am J Nephrol 23(1):55–60, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
58. King WW, Zekri A, Lee DW, Li AK: Debridement of burn wounds with a surgical ultrasonic aspirator. Burns 22(4):307–309, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
59. Kremer T, Hernekamp F, Riedel K, et al: Topical application of cerium nitrate prevents burn edema after burn plasma transfer. Microvasc Res 78(3):425–431, 2009.
60. LaBorde P: Burn epidemiology: the patient, the nation, the statistics, and the data resources. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 16(1):13–25, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Latarjet J, Choinère M: Pain in burn patients. Burns 21(5):344–348, 1995.
62. Lawrence J, Bull J: Thermal conditions which cause skin burns. Engineer Med 5:61, 1976.
63. Livingston EH, Lee S: Percentage of burned body surface area determination in obese and nonobese patients. J Surg Res 91(2):106–110, 2000.
64. Loebl EC, Baxter CR, Curreri PW: The mechanism of erythrocyte destruction in the early post- burn period. Ann Surg 178(6):681–686, 1973.
65. Lowe GD: Blood rheology in general medicine and surgery. Baillieres Clin Haematol 1(3):827– 861, 1987.
66. Magnotti LJ, Deitch EA: Burns, bacterial translocation, gut barrier function, and failure. J Burn Care Rehabil 26(5):383–391, 2005.
67. Magnotti LJ, Xu DZ, Lu Q, Deitch EA: Gut-derived mesenteric lymph: a link between burn and lung injury. Arch Surg 134(12):1333–1340; discussion 1340–1341, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
68. Mahoney JA, Bergman PJ, Camps-Palau MA, Hull TL: Treatment of doxorubicin extravasation with intravenous dexrazoxane in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 21(4):872–873, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
69. Malic CC, Karoo ROS, Austin O, Phipps A: Resuscitation burn card—a useful tool for burn injury assessment. Burns 33(2):195–199, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
70. Marek K, Piotr W, Stanislaw S, et al: Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in routine clinical practice in confirming the diagnosis and treatment of inhalation burns. Burns 33(5):554–560, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
71. Martini WZ, Irtun O, Chinkes DL, et al: Surfactant phosphatidylcholine in thermally injured pigs. Crit Care Med 29(7):1417–1422, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
72. Miaskowski C, Blair M, Chou R, et al, editors: Principles of analgesic use in the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, ed 6, Glenview IL, 2008, American Pain Society, http://www.ampainsoc.org/pub/principles.htm.
73. Mlcak RP, Suman OE, Herndon DN: Respiratory management of inhalation injury. Burns 33(1):2– 13, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
74. Montgomery RK: Pain management in burn injury. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 16(1):39–49, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
75. Morita N, Shimoda K, Traber MG, et al: Vitamin E attenuates acute lung injury in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injury. Redox Rep 11(2):61–70, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
76. Moritz AR, Henriques FC: Studies of thermal injury: II. The relative importance of time and surface temperature in the causation of cutaneous burns. Am J Pathol 23(5):695–720, 1947. PUBMED Abstract
77. Murakami K, Traber DL: Pathophysiological basis of smoke inhalation injury. News Physiol Sci 18:125–129, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
78. Murphy JT, Giroir B, Horton JW: Thermal injury alters myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium channel function. J Surg Res 82(2):244–252, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
79. Murphy JV, Banwell PE, Roberts AH, McGrouther DA: Frostbite: pathogenesis and treatment. J Trauma 48(1): 171–178, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
80. Nieman GF, Clark WR, Goyette D, Hart AK, et al: Wood smoke inhalation increases pulmonary microvascular permeability. Surgery 105(4):481–487, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
81. Nieman GF, Clark WR, Paskanik A, Feldbaum D: Segmental pulmonary vascular resistance following wood smoke inhalation. Crit Care Med 23(7):1264–1271, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
82. Nieman GF, Clark WR: Effects of wood and cotton smoke on the surface properties of pulmonary surfactant. Respir Physiol 97(1):1–12, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
83. Nissen NN, Gamelli RL, Polverini PJ, DiPietro LA: Differential angiogenic and proliferative activity of surgical and burn wound fluids. J Trauma 54(6):1205–1210; discussion 1211, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
84. Ocal K, Avlan D, Cinel I, et al: The effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress in intestine and bacterial translocation after thermal injury. Burns 30(8):778–784, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
85. Oliveira GV, Shimoda K, Enkhbaatar P, et al: Skin nitric oxide and its metabolites are increased in nonburned skin after thermal injuries. Shock 22(3):278–282, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
86. Park MS, Cancio LC, Jordan BS, et al: Assessment of oxidative stress in lungs from sheep after inhalation of wood smoke. Toxicology 195(2–3):97–112, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
87. Pereira CT, Herndon DN: The pharmacologic modulation of the hypermetabolic response to burns. Adv Surg 39:245–261, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
88. Pereira CT, Murphy KD, Herndon DN: Altering metabolism. J Burn Care Rehabil 26(3):194–199, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
89. Portenoy RK, Hagen NA: Breakthrough pain: definition, prevalence and characteristics. Pain 41(3):273–281, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
90. Qi S, Sun W: The effects of inhaled nitric oxide on cardiac pathology and energy metabolism in a canine model of smoke inhalation injury. Burns 30(1):65–71, 2004.
91. Ravage ZB, Gomez HF, Czermak BJ, et al: Mediators of microvascular injury in dermal burn wounds. Inflammation 22(6):619–629, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
92. Rawlingson A: Nitric oxide, inflammation and acute burn injury. Burns 29(7):631–640, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
93. Reamy BV: Frostbite: review and current concepts. J Am Board Fam Pract 11(1):34–40, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
94. Rhee P, Burris D, Kaufmann C, et al: Lactated Ringer’s solution resuscitation causes neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 44(2):313–319, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
95. Rutan RL: Physiologic response to cutaneous burn injury. In Carrougher GJ, editor: Burn care and therapy, St Louis, 1998, Mosby, pp 5–9.
96. Sayeed MM: Neutrophil signaling alteration: an adverse inflammatory response after burn shock. Medicina (B Aires) 58(4):386–392, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
97. Schiavon M, Di Landro D, Baldo M, et al: A study of renal damage in seriously burned patients. Burns Incl Therm Inj 14(2):107–112, 1988.
98. Schwacha MG, Ayala A, Chaudry IH: Insights into the role of gammadelta T lymphocytes in the immunopathogenic response to thermal injury. J Leukoc Biol 67(5):644–650, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
99. Schwacha MG, Somers SD: Thermal injury induces macrophage hyperactivity through pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways. Shock 9(4):249–255, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
100. Sedowofia K, Barclay C, Quaba A, et al: The systemic stress response to thermal injury in children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 49(3):335–341, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
101. Sharar SR, Heimbach DM, Green M, et al: Effects of body surface thermal injury on apparent renal and cutaneous blood flow in goats. J Burn Care Rehabil 9(1):26–30, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
102. Sheldon GF, Sanders R, Fuchs R, et al: Metabolism, oxygen transport, and erythropoietin synthesis in the anemia of thermal injury. Am J Surg 135(3):406–411, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
103. Sikora JP, Kuza´nski W, Andrzejewska E: Soluble cytokine receptors sTNFR I and sTNFR II, receptor antagonist IL-1ra, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the course of burns in children. Med Sci Monit 15(1):CR26–CR31, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
104. Slingsby LS, Taylor PM, Monroe T: Thermal antinociception after dexmedetomidine administration in cats: a comparison between intramuscular and oral transmucosal administration. J Feline Med Surg 11(10):829–834, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
105. Slingsby LS, Taylor PM: Thermal antinociception after dexmedetomidine administration in cats: a dose-finding study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31(2):135–142, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
106. Smith A, Barclay C, Quaba A, et al: The bigger the burn, the greater the stress. Burns 23(4):291– 294, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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108. Steagall PVM, Mantovani FB, Taylor PM, et al: Dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous buprenorphine in cats. Vet J 182(2):203–209, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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111. Supple KG: Physiologic response to burn injury. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 16(1):119–126, 2004.
112. Suzuki K, Nishina M, Ogino R, Kohama A: Left ventricular contractility and diastolic properties in anesthetized dogs after severe burns. Am J Physiol 260(5 Pt 2):H1433–H1442, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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114. Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Tsuda Y, et al: Contribution of the sympathetic nervous system on the burn-associated impairment of CCL3 production. Cytokine 29(5):208–214, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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116. Tomkiewicz RP, App EM, Coffiner M, et al: Mucolytic treatment with N-acetylcysteine L-lysinate metered dose inhaler in dogs: airway epithelial function changes. Eur Respir J 7(1):81–87, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
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118. Topley E, Jackson DM, Cason JS, Davies JW: Assessment of red cell loss in the first two days after severe burns. Ann Surg 155:581–590, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
119. Vargel I, Erdem A, Ertoy D, et al: Effects of growth factors on doxorubicin-induced skin necrosis: documentation of histomorphological alterations and early treatment by GM-CSF and G-CSF. Ann Plast Surg 49(6):646–653, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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122. Wallner S, Vautrin R, Katz J, Murphy J: The anemia of thermal injury: partial characterization of an erythroid inhibitory substance. J Trauma 27(6):639–645, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
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125. Williams FN, Herndon DN, Jeschke MG: The hypermetabolic response to burn injury and interventions to modify this response. Clin Plast Surg 36(4):583–596, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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128. Xia Z, Horton JW, Tang H, Yang Y: Metabolic disorder in myocardiac intracellular free calcium after thermal injury. Burns 27(5):453–457, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
129. Xia ZF, Horton JW, Zhao P, et al: Relationship between energetic, ionic, and functional status in the perfused rat heart following thermal injury: a 31P and 23Na NMR study. J Surg Res 69(1):212–219, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
130. Xia ZF, Zhao P, Horton JW: Changes in cardiac contractile function and myocardial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280(4):H1916–H1922, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
131. Xie X, Shinozawa Y, Sasaki J, et al: Neuroendocrine system response modulates oxidative cellular damage in burn patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 211(2):161–169, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
132. Yatani A, Xu D, Kim S, et al: Mesenteric lymph from rats with thermal injury prolongs the action potential and increases Ca2+ transient in rat ventricular myocytes. Shock 20(5):458–464, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
133. Yonehara N, Yoshimura M: Interaction between nitric oxide and substance P on heat-induced inflammation in rat paw. Neurosci Res 36(1):35–43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
134. Ziegler D, Bent G: Caustic-induced upper airway obstruction responsiveness to nebulized adrenaline. Pediatrics 107(4):807, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 82: Specific Disorders
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182. Gervasoni JE Jr, Sbayi S, Cady B: Role of lymphadenectomy in surgical treatment of solid tumors: an update on the clinical data. Ann Surg Oncol 14:2443, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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195. Gobar GM, Kass PH: World Wide Web-based survey of vaccination practices, postvaccinal reactions, and vaccine site-associated sarcomas in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1477, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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208. Griffin C, MacCoy D: Primary lymphedema: a case report and discussion. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:373, 1978.
209. Gross TL, Brimacomb BH: Multifocal intraepidermal carcinoma in a dog histologically resembling Bowen’s disease. Am J Dermatopathol 8:509, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
210. Gross TL, Ihrke PJ, Walder EJ, et al: Skin diseases of the dog and cat: clinical and histopathologic diagnosis, ed 2, Oxford, 2005, Blackwell Science Ltd.
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215. Hahn KA, Lantz GC, Salisbury SK, et al: Comparison of survey radiography with ultrasonography and x-ray computed tomography for clinical staging of subcutaneous neoplasms in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1795, 1990. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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218. Hammond GM, Gordon IK, Theon AP, et al: Evaluation of strontium Sr 90 for the treatment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats: 49 cases (1990–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:736, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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237. Hendrick MJ, Brooks JJ: Postvaccinal sarcomas in the cat: histology and immunohistochemistry. Vet Pathol 31:126, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
238. Hendrick MJ, Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, et al: Postvaccinal sarcomas in the cat: epidemiology and electron probe microanalytical identification of aluminum. Cancer Res 52:5391, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
239. Hendrick MJ, Kass PH, McGill LD, et al: Postvaccinal sarcomas in cats. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:341, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
240. Hendrick MJ, Mahaffey EA, Moore FM, et al: World Health Organization, international histological classification of tumors of domestic animals, histological classification of mesenchymal tumors of skin and soft tissues of domestic animals, Washington, DC, 1998, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
241. Hendrick MJ, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Comparison of fibrosarcomas that developed at vaccination sites and at nonvaccination sites in cats: 239 cases (1991–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1425, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
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248. Hillers KR, Dernell WS, Lafferty MH, et al: Incidence and prognostic importance of lymph node metastases in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 228 cases (1986–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1364, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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260. Huttinger C, Hirschberger J, Jahnke A, et al: Neoadjuvant gene delivery of feline granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor using magnetofection for the treatment of feline fibrosarcomas: a phase I trial. J Gene Med 10:655, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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264. Isotani M, Tamura K, Yagihara H, et al: Identification of a c-kit exon 8 internal tandem duplication in a feline mast cell tumor case and its favorable response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 114:168, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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269. Jahnke A, Hirschberger J, Fischer C, et al: Intra-tumoral gene delivery of feIL-2, feIFN-gamma and feGM-CSF using magnetofection as a neoadjuvant treatment option for feline fibrosarcomas: a phase-I study. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 54:599, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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275. Jourdier TM, Moste C, Bonnet MC, et al: Local immunotherapy of spontaneous feline fibrosarcomas using recombinant poxviruses expressing interleukin 2 (IL2). Gene Ther 10:2126, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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277. Kaldrymidou H, Leontides L, Koutinas AF, et al: Prevalence, distribution and factors associated with the presence and the potential for malignancy of cutaneous neoplasms in 174 dogs admitted to a clinic in northern Greece. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 49:87, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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279. Kamstock D, Guth A, Elmslie R, et al: Liposome- DNA complexes infused intravenously inhibit tumor angiogenesis and elicit antitumor activity in dogs with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 13:306, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
280. Kang JH, Lee JY, Mo IP, et al: Secondary malignant lymphoedema after mastectomy in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 48:579, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
281. Karayannopoulou M, Kaldrymidou E, Constantinidis TC, et al: Adjuvant post-operative chemotherapy in bitches with mammary cancer. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 48:85, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
282. Karayannopoulou M, Kaldrymidou E, Constantinidis TC, et al: Histological grading and prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas: application of a human grading method. J Comp Pathol 133:246, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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293. Kiupel M, Webster JD, Miller RA, et al: Impact of tumour depth, tumour location and multiple synchronous masses on the prognosis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52:280, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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296. Knight R, Horiuchi K, Parker SH, et al: Risk of needle-track seeding after diagnostic image-guided core needle biopsy in breast cancer. JSLS 6:207, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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298. Kobayashi T, Hauck ML, Dodge R, et al: Preoperative radiotherapy for vaccine associated sarcoma in 92 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:473, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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311. LaDue T, Price GS, Dodge R, et al: Radiation therapy for incompletely resected canine mast cell tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:57, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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314. Lana SE, Ogilvie GK, Withrow SJ, et al: Feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum and the pinnae: 61 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:329, 1997. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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487. Rao NA, van Wolferen ME, van den Ham R, et al: cDNA microarray profiles of canine mammary tumour cell lines reveal deregulated pathways pertaining to their phenotype. Anim Genet 39:333, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
488. Rassnick KM, Bailey DB, Flory AB, et al: Efficacy of vinblastine for treatment of canine mast cell tumors. J Vet Intern Med 22:1390, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
489. Rassnick KM, Moore AS, Williams LE, et al: Treatment of canine mast cell tumors with CCNU (lomustine). J Vet Intern Med 13:601, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
490. Rassnick KM, Rodriguez CO, Khanna C, et al: Results of a phase II clinical trial on the use of ifosfamide for treatment of cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas. Am J Vet Res 67:517, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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492. Rassnick KM: Medical management of soft tissue sarcomas. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33:517, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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495. Rockson SG: Lymphedema. Am J Med 110:288, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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497. Roels S, Tilmant K, Ducatelle R: PCNA and Ki67 proliferation markers as criteria for prediction of clinical behaviour of melanocytic tumours in cats and dogs. J Comp Pathol 121:13, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
498. Rogers K, Barron C, Landis M: Canine and feline lymph nodes. Part 1. Anatomy and function. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:397, 1993.
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509. Rungsipipat A, Tateyama S, Yamaguchi R, et al: Immunohistochemical analysis of c-yes and c- erbB-2 oncogene products and p53 tumor suppressor protein in canine mammary tumors. J Vet Med Sci 61:27, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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516. Rutteman GR: Contraceptive steroids and the mammary gland: is there a hazard? Insights from animal studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 23:29, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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537. Scott DW, Miller WH: Disorders of the claw and claw bed in dogs. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 14:1448, 1992.
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637. Webster JD, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Miller RA, et al: Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication. Vet Pathol 44:298, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
638. Webster JD, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Thamm DH, et al: Evaluation of prognostic markers for canine mast cell tumors treated with vinblastine and prednisone. BMC Vet Res 4:32, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
639. Wehrend A, Hospes R, Gruber AD: Treatment of feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia with a progesterone-antagonist. Vet Rec 148:346, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
640. Weijer K, Hart AA: Prognostic factors in feline mammary carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 70:709, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
641. Weisse C, Shofer FS, Sorenmo K: Recurrence rates and sites for grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumors following complete surgical excision. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:71, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
642. Welle MM, Bley CR, Howard J, et al: Canine mast cell tumours: a review of the pathogenesis, clinical features, pathology and treatment. Vet Dermatol 19:321, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
643. White RAS: Management of specific skin wounds. Vet Clin Small Anim 36:895, 2006.
644. Wilcock BP, Yager JA, Zink MC: The morphology and behavior of feline cutaneous mastocytomas. Vet Pathol 23:320, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
645. Willems SM, Schrage YM, Baelde JJ, et al: Myxoid tumours of soft tissue: the so-called myxoid extracellular matrix is heterogeneous in composition. Histopathology 52:465, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
646. Williams JH: Lymphangiosarcoma of dogs: a review. J S Afr Vet Assoc 76:127, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
647. Williams LE, Banerji N, Klausner JS, et al: Establishment of two vaccine-associated feline sarcoma cell lines and determination of in vitro chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Am J Vet Res 62:1354, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
648. Williams LE, Gliatto JM, Dodge RK, et al: Carcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs: 113 cases (1985–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:825, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
649. Wilson GP, Hayes HM Jr: Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1301, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
650. Winston J, Craft DM, Scase TJ, et al: Immunohistochemical detection of HER-2/neu expression in spontaneous feline mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 3:8, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
651. Withrow SJ, Straw RC: Resection of the nasal planum in nine cats and five dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:219, 1990.
652. Withrow SJ: Surgical oncology. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders.
653. Wobeser BK, Kidney BA, Powers BE, et al: Diagnoses and clinical outcomes associated with surgically amputated canine digits submitted to multiple veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Vet Pathol 44:355, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
654. Wright ZM, Rogers KS, Mansell J: Survival data for canine oral extramedullary plasmacytomas: a retrospective analysis (1996–2006). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:75, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
655. Yamagami T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, et al: Influence of ovariectomy at the time of mastectomy on the prognosis for canine malignant mammary tumours. J Small Anim Pract 37:462, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
656. Yamagami T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, et al: Prognosis for canine malignant mammary tumors based on TNM and histologic classification. J Vet Med Sci 58:1079, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
657. Yang WY, Liu CH, Chang CJ, et al: Proliferative activity, apoptosis and expression of oestrogen receptor and Bcl-2 oncoprotein in canine mammary gland tumours. J Comp Pathol 134:70, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
658. Yu Z, Wang J, Peng S, et al: Identification of a novel VEGFR-3 missense mutation in a Chinese family with hereditary lymphedema type I. J Genet Genomics 34:861, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
659. Zappulli V, De Zan G, Cardazzo B, et al: Feline mammary tumours in comparative oncology. J Dairy Res 72, Spec No, 98, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
660. Zaugg N, Nespeca G, Hauser B, et al: Detection of novel papillomaviruses in canine mucosal, cutaneous and in situ squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Dermatol 16:290, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
661. Zemke D, Yamini B, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V: Mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of c-KIT are associated with higher grade mast cell tumors in dogs. Vet Pathol 39:529, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
662. Zuccari DA, Santana AE, Cury PM, et al: Immunocytochemical study of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in canine mammary neoplasia. Vet Clin Pathol 33:23, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION VI: Abdomen Chapter 83: Spleen
REFERENCES
1. Anderson DM, Stidworthy M, James R, et al: Traumatic subcutaneous translocation of the spleen in an Old English sheepdog. J Small Anim Pract 41:515, 2000. PUBMED Abstract 2. Aronsohn MG, Bubiel B, Roberts B, et al: Prognosis for acute nontraumatic hemoperitoneum in the dog: A retrospective analysis of 60 cases (2003–2006). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:72, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
3. Awal MA, Asaduzzaman M, Anam MK, et al: Arterial supply to the stomach of indigenous dog (Canis familiaris) in Bangladesh. Exp Anim 50:349, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
4. Ballegeer EA, Forrest LJ, Dickinson RM, et al: Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 cases (2002–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:690, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
5. Beck JJ, Butler A, Hackett T, et al: Acute, fatal portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy in six dogs. 2005, Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgeons Annual Conference Proceedings.
6. Bellah JR: Surgical stapling of the spleen, pancreas, liver and urogenital tract. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 24:375, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bjerke S, Pohlman T, Saywell RM: Evolution, not revolution: splenic salvage for blunt trauma in a statewide voluntary trauma system—a 10 year experience. Am J Surg 191:413, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brown NO, Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG: Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:56, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
9. Chandler JC, Monnet E, Staatz AJ: Comparison of acute hemodynamic effects of lidocaine and procainamide for postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:262, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
10. Christensen N, Canfield P, Martin P, et al: Cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. Aust Vet J 87:175, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
11. Christopher MM: Cytology of the spleen. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33:135, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
12. Clifford CA, Mackin AJ, Henry CJ: Treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma: 2000 and beyond. J Vet Intern Med 14:479, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
13. Clifford CA, Pretorius ES, Weisse C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of focal splenic and hepatic lesions in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 18:330, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
14. Cocanour CS, Moore FA, Ware DN: Delayed complications of nonoperative management of blunt adult splenic trauma. Arch Surg 133:619, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Cuccovillo A, Lamb CR: Cellular features of sonographic target lesions of the liver and spleen in 21 dogs and a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:275, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
16. Culp WT, Aronson LR: Splenic foreign body in a cat. J Feline Med and Surg 10:380, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
17. Dane DM, Hsia CC, Wu EY, et al: Splenectomy impairs diffusive oxygen transport in the lung of dogs. J Appl Physiol 101:289, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
18. Day MJ, Lucke VM, Pearson H: A review of pathological diagnoses made from 87 canine splenic biopsies. J Small Anim Pract 36:426, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
19. De Palma GD, Persico F, Masone S, et al: Natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery: an overview of technical challenges and complications of transgastric procedures in anesthetized pigs. Minerva Chir 63:261, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
20. Dobson J, Villiers E, Roulois A, et al: Histiocytic sarcoma of the spleen in flat-coated retrievers with regenerative anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. Vet Rec 158:825, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
21. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJ: Textbook of veterinary anatomy, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders.
22. Evans HE: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
23. Fife WD, Samii VF, Drost WT, et al: Comparison between malignant and nonmalignant splenic masses in dogs using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:289, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
24. Fossum TW, Hedlund CS, Hulse DA, et al: Small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Elsevier/Mosby.
25. Fremont RD, Rice TW: Splenosis: a review. South Med J 100:589, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
26. Fry MM, McGavin MD: Bone marrow, blood cells, and lymphatic system. In McGavin MD, Zachary JF, editors: Pathologic basis of veterinary disease, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Elsevier/Mosby, pp 809.
27. Fry MM, Vernau W, Pesavento PA: Hepatosplenic lymphoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 40:556, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
28. Gärtner F, Santos M, Gillette D, et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen in a dog. Vet Rec 150:697, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
29. Getty R: Sisson and Grossman’s the anatomy of the domestic animals, ed 5, Philadelphia, 1975, Saunders.
30. Goldsmid SE, Davis P, Pechman R: Successful derotation of a splenic torsion in a racing greyhound. J Small Anim Pract 35:112, 1994.
31. Graham JE, Ketchell RJ, Bodendistel JK: A comparison of gastric torsion with torsion of the splenic pedicle. Can Vet J 3:279, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
32. Hammond TN, Pesill-Crosby SA: Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:553, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Hanson JA, Papageorges M, Girard E, et al: Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:441, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Hardie EM, Vaden SL, Spaulding K, et al: Splenic infarction in 16 dogs: a retrospective study. J Vet Internal Med 9:141, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
35. Héry G, Becmeur F, Méfat L, et al: Laparoscopic partial splenectomy: indications and results of a multicenter retrospective study. Surg Endosc 22:45, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
36. Hosgood G, Bone DL, Vorhees WD, et al: Splenectomy in the dog by ligation of the splenic and short gastric arteries. Vet Surg 18:110, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
37. Hsia CC, Johnson RL, Dane DM, et al: The canine spleen in oxygen transport: gas exchange and hemodynamic responses to splenectomy. J Appl Physiol 103:1496, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
38. Ishmael J, Howell JM: Observations on the pathology of the spleen of the cat. J Sm Anim Pract 9:7, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
39. Jacobs RM, Messick JB, Valli VE: Tumors of the hemolymphatic system. In Meuten DJ, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press, pp 194.
40. Keyes ML, Rush JE, Autran B, et al: Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with splenic masses. Vet Emerg Critical Care 3:33, 1994.
41. Kim SE, Liptak JM, Gall TT, et al: Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1550, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
42. Kipnis RM: Torsion of the splenic pedicle and gastric volvulus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 164:1202, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
43. Knapp DW, Aronsohn MG, Harpster NK: Cardiac arrhythmias associated with mass lesions of the canine spleen. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:122, 1993.
44. Lana S, U’ren L, Plaza S, et al: Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 21:764, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Langenbach A, Anderson MA, Dambach DM, et al: Extraskeletal osteosarcomas in dogs: a retrospective study of 169 cases (1986–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:113, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
46. Larson MM: The liver and spleen. In Thrall DE, editor: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Elsevier/Saunders, pp 667.
47. Léveillé R, Partington BP, Biller DS, et al: Complications after ultrasound-guided biopsy of abdominal structures in dogs and cats: 246 cases (1984–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:413, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
48. Madewell BR: Hematology, oncology, and immunology. In Bonagura JD, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII: small animal practice. Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 520.
49. Mai W: The hilar perivenous hyperechoic triangle as a sign of acute splenic torsion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:487, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
50. Marconato L: Gastric dilatation-volvulus as complication after surgical removal of a splenic haemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Vet Med 53:371, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
51. Marino DJ, Matthiesen DR, Fox PR, et al: Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs undergoing splenectomy: a prospective study. Vet Surg 23:101, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
52. Maruyama H, Miura T, Sakai M, et al: The incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with malignant tumor. J Vet Med Sci 66:573, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
53. Matos AJ, Duarte S, Lopes C, et al: Splenic hamartomas in a dog. Vet Red 161:308, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
54. McGahan JP, Horton S, Eugenio O, et al: Appearance of solid organ injury with contrast- enhanced sonography in blunt abdominal trauma: preliminary experience. Am J Roentgenol 187:658, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
55. Millis DL, Nemzek J, Riggs C, et al: Gastric dilatation-volvulus after splenic torsion in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:314, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
56. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Feline oncology: a comprehensive guide to compassionate care, Trenton, NJ, 2001, Veterinary Learning Systems.
57. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Managing the canine cancer patient: a practical guide to compassionate care, Trenton, NJ, 2006, Veterinary Learning Systems.
58. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, Saunders HM: Retrospective analysis of 19 cases of isolated torsion of the splenic pedicle in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:387, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
59. Nores M, Phillips EH, Morgenstern L: The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg 64:182, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
60. Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Mallinckrodt CH, et al: Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 10:379, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
61. Pachter HL, Guth AA, Hofstetter SR: Changing patterns in the management of splenic trauma: the impact of nonoperative management. Ann Surg 227:708, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
62. Patsikas MN, Rallis T, Kladakis SE, et al: Computed tomography diagnosis of isolated splenic torsion in a dog, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:235, 2001.
63. Perman V, Lipowitz AJ: The spleen. In Gourley IM, Vasseur PB, editors: General small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott, pp 459.
64. Pintar J, Breitchwerdt EB, Hardie EM, et al: Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987–2001). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:518, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
65. Prymak C, McKee LJ, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:706, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
66. Ramani M, Reinhold C, Semelka RC, et al: Splenic hemangiomas and hamartomas: MR imaging characteristics of 28 lesions. Radiology 202:166, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
67. Reddy SC, Reddy SC: Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen: helical computed tomography features. South Med J 93:825, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
68. Richardson EF, Brown NO: Hematological and biochemical changes and results of aerobic bacteriological culturing in dogs undergoing splenectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:199, 1996. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
69. Robertson JL, Newman SJ: Disorders of the spleen. In Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, editors: Schalm’s veterinary hematology, ed 5, Baltimore, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 272.
70. Rossi F, Leone VF, Vignoli M, et al: Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterization of focal splenic lesions. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:154, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. Royals SR, Ellison GW, Adin CA, et al: Use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for splenectomy in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease. Vet Surg 34:174, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
72. Saunders HM, Neath PJ, Brockman DJ: B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging of the spleen with canine splenic torsion: a retrospective evaluation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:349, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
73. Sorenmo K, Samluk M, Clifford C, et al: Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 21:1347, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
74. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence and type of splenic diseases in cats: 455 cases (1985– 1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:773, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
75. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:829, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
76. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic and prognostic characteristics of splenomegaly in dogs due to fibrohistiocytic nodules: 98 cases. Vet Pathol 35:488, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
77. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs. J Vet Internal Med 11:166, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
78. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Splenic myeloid metaplasia, histiocytosis and hypersplenism in the dog (65 cases). Vet Pathol 36:583, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
79. Tagaya N, Kubota K: Approach to the liver and spleen. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16:283, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
80. Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, et al: Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982– 1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:222, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
81. Tillson DM: Spleen. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Elsevier/Saunders, pp 1046.
82. Tizard IR: Veterinary immunology: an introduction, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders.
83. Vail DM, MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, et al: Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangsar coma in the dog: A randomized multi-institutional clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 1:1165, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
84. Waldron DR, Robertson J: Partial splenectomy in the dog: a comparison of stapling and ligation techniques. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:343, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
85. Waters DJ, Caywood DD, Hayden DW, et al: Metastatic pattern in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma: clinical implications. J Small Anim Pract 29:805, 1988.
86. Weber NA: Chronic primary splenic torsion with peritoneal adhesions in a dog: case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:390, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
87. Weinstein MJ, Carpenter JL, Schunk CJ: Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:784, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
88. Wierenga JR, Rosenstein D, Hauptman JG: Prognostic indicators of splenic masses. 2002, Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgeons Annual Conference Proceedings.
89. Wilson DV, Evans AT, Carpenter RE, et al: The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs. Vet Anaesthesia Analgesia 31:102, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
90. Wood CA, Moore AS, Gliatto JM, et al: Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:417, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 84: Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Hernias
REFERENCES
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3. Alexander LG, Pavletic MM, Engler SJ: Abdominal wall reconstruction with a vascular external abdominal oblique myofascial flap. Vet Surg 20:379, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
4. Alvarenga J: Unusual inguinal hernia in a bitch. Mod Vet Pract 56:35, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
5. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ: Vacuum-assisted closure, a new method of wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 38:553, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
6. Ashdown RR: The anatomy of the inguinal canal in domestic mammals. Vet Rec 75:1345, 1963.
7. Bartels JE: How to delineate canine and feline hernias radiographically. Mod Vet Pract 53:27, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
8. Bellah JR, Spencer CP, Brown DJ, et al: Congenital cranioventral abdominal wall, caudal sternal, diaphragmatic, pericardial, and intracardiac defects in Cocker Spaniel littermates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:1741, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bellenger CR: Inguinal and scrotal herniation in 61 dogs. Aust Vet Pract 26:58, 1996.
10. Bellhorn T, Macintire DK: Bacterial translocation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:229, 2004.
11. Bellows CF, Alder A, Helton WS: Abdominal wall reconstruction using biological tissue grafts: present status and future opportunities. Expert Rev Med Devices 3:657, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
12. Bentley AM, Otto CM, Shofer FS: Comparison of dogs with septic peritonitis: 1988–1993 versus 1999–2003. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:391, 2007.
13. Berzon JL, Howard PE, Covell SJ: A retrospective study of the efficacy of femoral head and neck excisions in 94 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 9:88, 2008.
14. Bowman KT, Birchard SJ, Bright RM: Complications associated with the implantation of polypropylene mesh in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 21 cases (1984–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:225, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
15. Boyd JB: Tissue expansion in reconstruction. South Med J 80:430, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
16. Brady CA, Otto CM: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 31:1147, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
17. Carlson GW, Elwood E, Losken A, Galloway JR: The role of tissue expansion in abdominal wall reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 44:147, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
18. Clark KM, Lantz GC, Salisbury SK, et al: Intestine submucosa and polypropylene mesh for abdominal wall repair in dogs. J Surg Res 60:107, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
19. Collaboration EH: Mesh compared with non-mesh methods of open groin hernia repair; systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Br J Surg 87:854, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
20. Collins DR: Surgical repair of inguinal hernia in the dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 60:377, 1965.
21. Conzemius MG, Sammarco JL, Holt DE, Smith GK: Clinical determination of preoperative and postoperative intra-abdominal pressures in dogs. Vet Surg 24:195, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
22. Cook JL, Turk JR, Pope ER, et al: An infantile desmoid-type fibromatosis was mistaken for an umbilical hernia in a 10-week-old Akita. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:291–294, 1998.
23. Crowe DT: Closure of abdominal incisions using a continuous polypropylene suture: clinical experience in 550 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 7:74, 1978.
24. Crowe DT: Dealing with visceral injuries of the cranial abdomen. Vet Med 83:682, 1988.
25. Crowe DT, Archibald J: Abdominal wall and cavity. In Archibald J, Catcott EJ, editors: Canine and feline surgery, vol 1, Santa Barbara, CA, 1984, American Veterinary Publishers, pp 23.
26. Davison SP, Parikh PM, Jacobson JM, et al: A “buttressed mesh” technique for fascial closure in complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 62:284, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
27. Demartin BW: Ventral abdominal hernia in a dog. Mod Vet Pract 63:966, 1982.
28. Dobell ARC, Williams HB, Long RW: Staged repair of ectopic cordis. J Pediatr Surg 17:353, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
29. Dorn AS, Craig JA, Van Ee RT: Sex hormone-related diseases treated surgically in bitches. Mod Vet Pract 66:621, 1985.
30. Dorn AS, Olmstead ML: Herniation of the urinary bladder through the pubic symphysis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:688, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
31. Dubay DA, Wang X, Adamson B, et al: Mesh incisional herniorrhaphy increases abdominal wall elastic properties: a mechanism for decreased hernia recurrences in comparison with suture repair. Surgery 140:14, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
32. Dubois PM, Freeman JB: Traumatic abdominal wall hernia. J Trauma 21:72, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
33. Elkins AD: Bilateral scrotal hernias in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:309, 1983.
34. Engelsman AF, van der Mel HC, Ploeg RJ, et al: The phenomenon of infection with abdominal wall reconstruction. Biomaterials 28:2314, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
35. Evans HE, Christenson GC: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1979, Saunders.
36. Feldman DB, Bree MM, Cohen BJ: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonatal dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:942, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
37. Fisher GD, Turner FW: Abdominal incisional hernias: a ten year review. Can J Surg 17:202, 1974. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
38. Fox MW: Inherited inguinal hernia and midline defects in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 143:602, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
39. Fox SM, Bright RM, Hammond DL: Reconstruction of tissue deficits with Marlex mesh. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:897, 1988.
40. Fry DE, Osler T: Abdominal wall considerations and complications in reoperative surgery. Surg Clin North Am 71:1, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
41. Ganchi PA, Orgill DP: Autopenetrating hernia: a novel form of traumatic abdominal wall hernia— case report and review of the literature. J Trauma 41:1064, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
42. George CD, Ellis H: The results of incisional hernia repair: a twelve year review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 68:185, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
43. Gibson KT, Curtis CR, Turner AS, et al: Incisional hernias in the horse. Incidence and predisposing factors. Vet Surg 18:360, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
44. Gower SB, Weisse CW, Brown DC: Major abdominal evisceration injuries in dogs and cats: 12 cases (1998–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1566, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
45. Greene JA: Lateral abdominal hernia repair in a cat. Feline Pract 8:23, 1978.
46. Grevious MA, Cohen M, Jean-Pierre F, et al: The use of prosthetics in abdominal wall reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 33:181, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
47. Grier RL, Hoskins JD, Wahlstrom JD: Inguinal hernia and Richter’s hernia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:181, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
48. Harrison CB, Kaplan GW, Scherz HC, et al: Diagnostic pneumoperitoneum for the detection of the clinically occult contralateral hernia in children. J Urol 144:510, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
49. Harvey CJ: What is your diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1773, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
50. Hawthorne JC: What is your diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:32, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
51. Hayes HM: Congenital umbilical and inguinal hernias in cattle, horses, swine, dogs, and cats: risk by breed and sex among hospital patients. Am J Vet Res 35:839, 1974.
52. Hayes HM, Pendergrass TW: Canine testicular tumors: epidemiologic features of 410 dogs. Int J Cancer 18:482, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
53. Hazary S, Gardener WV: The influence of sex hormones on abdominal musculature and the formation of inguinal and scrotal hernias in mice. Anat Rec 136:437, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
54. Hobday FTG: Castration (including cryptorchidism and caponing) and ovariotomy, ed 2, London, 1914, Johnston.
55. Houston GC, Drew GS, Vazquez B, Given KS: The extended latissimus dorsi flap in repair of anterior abdominal wall defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 81:917, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
56. Howard DR: Omphalocele in a litter of kittens. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 68:879, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
57. Islam S: Clinical care outcomes in abdominal wall defects. Curr Opin Pediatr 20:305, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
58. Iverson WO: Strangulated inguinal hernia in a basset hound. Vet Med Small Anim Pract 72:408, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
59. Joubert KE, Oglesby PA, Downie J, Serfontein T: Abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:184, 2007.
60. Kingsnorth AN, Sivarajasingham N, Wong S, Butler M: Open mesh repair of incisional hernias with significant loss of domain. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 86:363, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Kipnis RM, Hill RB: An ectopic pregnancy within an inguinal hernia. Canine Pract 5:45, 1978.
62. Klein MD, Hertzler JH: Congenital defects of the abdominal wall. Surg Gynecol Obstet 152:805, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
63. Kolata RJ, Johnson DE: Motor vehicle accidents in urban dogs: a study of 600 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:938, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
64. Langer S, Christianson J: Long-term results after incisional hernia repair. Acta Chir Scand 151:217, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
65. Larson GM, Vandertoll DJ: Approaches to repair of ventral hernia and full-thickness losses of the abdominal wall. Symposium of Hernias. Surg Clin North Am 64:335, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
66. Larsen RE, Dias E, Flores G, et al: Breeding studies reveal segregation of a canine robertsonian translocation along mendelian proportions. Cytogenet Cell Genet 24:95, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
67. Leighton RL, Cordell JT, Ewald BH: Scrotal hernia in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 139:1098, 1961. PUBMED Abstract
68. Lidbetter DA, Williams FA, Krahwinkel DJ, Adams WH: Radical lateral body-wall resection for fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial axial pattern flap: a prospective clinical study of the technique and results in 6 cats. Vet Surg 31:57, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
69. Lindsey JT: Abdominal wall partitioning (the accordion effect) for reconstruction of major defects: a retrospective review of 10 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 112:477, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
70. Lowe JB: Updated algorithm for abdominal wall reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 33:225–240, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
71. Lowe JB, Lowe JB, Baty JD, et al: Risks associated with “components separation” for closure of complex abdominal wall defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:1276, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
72. Lunn HF: Observations on the mammalian inguinal region. Proc Zool Soc Lond 118:345, 1948.
73. Manderino D, Bucklan L: Complete small-bowel obstruction caused by scrotal hernia in a dog. Mod Vet Pract 68:365, 1987.
74. Mann FA, Herron MR: What is your diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:955, 1989.
75. Mann FA, Tanger CH, Boothe HW, et al: Cranial pubic ligament rupture in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:519, 1986.
76. Marwah K, Kulkami PE: Inguinal hernia in a male dog: a case report. Indian Vet J 54:571, 1977.
77. Mathes SJ, Steinwald PM, Foster RD, et al: Complex abdominal wall reconstruction: a comparison of flap and mesh closure. Ann Surg 4:586, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
78. Miller ME: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 1, Philadelphia, 1964, Saunders, pp 185, 187.
79. Moura E, Cirio SM: Clinical and genetic aspects of X-linked ectodermal dysplasia in the dog—a review including three new spontaneous cases. Vet Dermatol 15:269, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
80. Mudge M, Hughes LE: Incisional hernia: a ten year prospective study of incidence and attitudes. Br J Surg 72:70, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
81. Nicholson C: Defective diaphragm associated with umbilical hernia. Vet Rec 98:433, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
82. Nilsson T: Abdominal wound repair: an experimental study of the wound healing mechanism in the rabbit. Dan Med Bull 30:394, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
83. North AF: A new surgical approach to inguinal hernias in the dog. Cornell Vet 49:379, 1959. PUBMED Abstract
84. Olsson SE: Two cases of incarcerated inguinal hernia in male dog. Nord Vet Med 2:250, 1950.
85. Parks J: Herniation. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Pathophysiology in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1981, Lea & Febiger, pp 420.
86. Pavletic MM: Introduction to myocutaneous and muscle flaps. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Prac 20:127, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
87. Peacock EE: Subcutaneous experimental repair of ventral hernias: a biological basis for fascial transplantation. Ann Surg 181:722, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
88. Peacock EE, van Winkle W: Wound dehiscence. In Peacock EE, van Winkle W, editors: Wound repair, Philadelphia, 1976, Saunders, pp 466.
89. Peddle JF: Inguinal hernia repair in the dog. Mod Vet Pract 61:859, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
90. Pendergrass TW, Hayes IM: Cryptorchidism and related defects in dogs: epidemiologic comparisons with man. Teratology 12:51, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
91. Pennock PW: Strangulated inguinal hernia in a male dog. Mod Vet Pract 43:88, 1962.
92. Penzhorn BL, Petrick SWT: Hydrocele associated with unilateral inguinal hernia in a young bassett hound. J Small Anim Pract 27:81, 1989.
93. Priester WA, Glass AG, Waggoner NS: Congenital defects in domestic animals: general considerations. Am J Vet Res 31:1872, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
94. Ponka JK: Herniation of the abdominal wall. Philadelphia, 1980, Saunders.
95. Ramirez OM, Ko MJ, Dellon AL: “Components separation” method for closure of abdominal wall defects: an anatomic and clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:519, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
96. Ravitch RM: Repair of hernia, Chicago, 1969, Year Book Medical Publishers.
97. Read R: Cranial abdominal hernias. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, Saunders, pp 853.
98. Roberts SJ: Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases (theriogenology), ed 2, Ann Arbor, MI, 1971, Edward Brothers. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
99. Robinson R: Genetic aspects of umbilical hernia incidence in cats and dogs. Vet Rec 100:9, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
100. Rosin E, Robinson GM: Knot security of suture materials. Vet Surg 18:269, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
101. Rosin E, Richardson S: Effect of fascial closure technique on strength of healing abdominal incisions in the dog. A biomechanical study. Vet Surg 16:269, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
102. Ruble RP, Hird DW. Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:633–636, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
103. Sawyer SL: Defective diaphragm associated with umbilical hernia [letter]. Vet Rec 98:490, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
104. Shahar R, Shamir MH, Niebauer GW, et al: A possible association between acquired inguinal and perineal hernia in adult male dogs. Can Vet J 37:614, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
105. Shaw SC, Kent MS, Gordon IK, et al. Temporal changes in characteristics of injection-site sarcomas in cats: 392 cases (1990–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:376, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
106. Shaw SP, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Traumatic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:35, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
107. Silverman S, Ackerman N: Radiographic evaluation of abdominal hernias. Mod Vet Pract 58:781, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
108. Smeak DD: Abdominal hernias. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 449.
109. Smeak DD: Management and prevention of surgical complications associated with small animal abdominal herniorrhaphy. Gastrointestinal surgical complications. Probl Vet Med 1:254, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
110. Snyder N, Craven C, Phillips LG: Delayed type IV muscle flap in a feline model. Ann Plast Surg 56:316, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
111. Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: management and reconstruction in the dog and cat. Philadelphia, 1980, Saunders.
112. Snow R: Inguinal metrocele (gravid) in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 129:359, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
113. Strande A: Inguinal hernias in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 30:520, 1989.
114. Sylvestre, Weinstein MJ, Popovitch CA, et al: The sartorius muscle flap in the cat. An anatomic study and two case reports. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:91, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
115. Taylor RM, Farrow BRH, Healy PJ: Canine fucosidosis: clinical findings. J Small Anim Pract 28:291, 1987.
116. Thompson SE: Minimally invasive hernia repair. In Freeman L, editor: Veterinary endosurgery, St Louis, 1999, Mosby-Year Book, pp 105.
117. Tigari M: Ventral hernia in sheep. Vet Rec 106:7, 1980. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
118. Usher FC, Wallace SA: Tissue reaction to plastics: a comparison of nylon, orlon, Dacron, Teflon, and Marlex. AMA Arch Surg 76:997, 1958. PUBMED Abstract
119. Waldron DR, Hedlund CS, Pechman R: Abdominal hernias in dogs and cats: a review of 24 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:817, 1986.
120. Waters DJ, Roy RG, Stone EA: A retrospective study of inguinal hernia in 35 dogs. Vet Surg 22:44, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
121. Weinstein MJ, Pavletic MM, Boudrieau RJ, et al: Cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog. Vet Surg 18:286, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
122. Whitney WO, Mehlhaff CJ: High-rise syndrome in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1399, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
123. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15:27, 1986.
124. Wright JG: The surgery of the inguinal canal in animals. Vet Rec 75:1352, 1963.
125. Zimmerman LM: Anatomy and surgery of hernia. Baltimore, 1967, Williams & Wilkins. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 85: Diaphragmatic Hernias
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35. Feldman DB, Bree MM, Cohen DJ: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonatal dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:942, 1968. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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44. Hay WH, Woodfield JA, Moon MA: Clinical, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in two dogs and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1245, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
45. Helphrey ML: Abdominal flap graft for repair of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:791, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
46. Henderson RA: Controlling peritoneal adhesions. Vet Surg 11:30, 1982.
47. Higgins GM, Graham AA: Lymphatic drainage from the peritoneal cavity in the dog. Arch Surg 19:453, 1929.
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50. Kaplan LC, Matsuoka R, Gilbert EF, et al: Ectopia cordis and cleft sternum: evidence for mechanical teratogenesis following rupture of the chorion or yolk sac. Am J Med Genet 21:187, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
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56. Lipman J, Medalie D, Rosen MJ: Staged repair of massive incisional hernias with loss of abdominal domain: a novel approach. Am J Surg 195:8, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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68. Peters JH, DeMeester TR: Esophagus and diaphragmatic hernias. In Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al, editors: Principles of surgery, ed 8, New York, 2004, McGraw-Hill. Available at http://www.accessmedicine. com/content.aspx?aID=807064.
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104. Voges AK, Bertrand S, Hill RC, et al: True diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2:116, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
105. Walker RG, Hall LW: Rupture of the diaphragm: report of 32 cases in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 77:830, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
106. Wallace J, Mullen HS, Lesser MB: A technique for surgical correction of peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:503, 1992.
107. White JD, Tisdall PLC, Norris JM, et al: Diaphragmatic hernia in a cat mimicking a pulmonary mass. J Fel Med Surg 5:197, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
108. Willard MD, Toal RL, Cawley A: Gastric complications associated with correction of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1151, 1984. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
109. Williams J, Leveille R, Myer CW: Imaging modalities used to confirm diaphragmatic hernia in small animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:1199, 1998.
110. Wilson GP, Hayes HM: Diaphragmatic hernia in the dog and cat: a 25-year overview. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1:318, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
111. Wilson GP, Newton CD, Burt JK: A review of 116 diaphragmatic hernias in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1142, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
112. Young PN, Gorgacz EJ, Barsanti JA: Respiratory failure associated with diaphragmatic paralysis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 16:933, 1980. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 86: Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum
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57. Clark DM, Harvey HJ, Roth L, et al: Clostridial peritonitis associated with a mast cell tumor in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:188, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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66. Costello MF, Drobatz KJ, Aronson L, et al: Underlying cause, pathophysiologic abnormalities, and response to treatment in cats with septic peritonitis: 51 cases (1990–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 22:897, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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319. Umphlet RC, Bertoy RW: Abdominal mesothelioma in a cat. Mod Vet Pract 69:71, 1988.
320. Van Hoogmoed L, Snyder JR: Adjunctive methods in equine gastrointestinal surgery. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 13:221, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
321. Van Israël N, Kirby BM, Munro EAC: Septic peritonitis secondary to unilateral pyometra and ovarian bursal abscessation in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 43:452, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
322. van Ruler O, Mahler CW, Boer KR, et al: Comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis: a randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc 298:865, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
323. Van Winkle TJ, Bruce E: Thrombosis of the portal vein in eleven dogs. Vet Pathol 30:28, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
324. Vonderhaar MA, Salisbury SK: Gastroduodenal ulceration associated with flunixin meglumine administration in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:92, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
325. Volz J, Köster S, Spacek Z, et al: The influence of pneumoperitoneum used in laparoscopic surgery on an intraabdominal tumor growth. Cancer 86:770, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
326. Walker EM, Ellis H: Relationship of the constituents of bile to biliary peritonitis in the rat. Gut 19:827, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
327. Walters JM: Abdominal paracentesis and diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 18:32, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
328. Weigelt JA: Empiric treatment options in the management of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Cleve Clin J Med 74(suppl 4):S29, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
329. Weisman DL, Smeak DD, Birchard SJ, et al: Comparison of a continuous suture pattern with a simple interrupted pattern for enteric closure in dogs and cats: 83 cases (1991–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:1507, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
330. Wheaton LG, Johnson AL, Parker AJ, et al: Results and complications of surgical treatment of pyometra: a review of 80 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:563, 1989. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
331. Wheeler AP: Bacterial peritonitis: innovative experimental treatment. Crit Care Med 27:1055, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
332. White RAS, Williams JM: Intracapsular prostatic omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Vet Surg 24:390, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
333. Willauer CC, Gregory CR, Parker HR: Treatment of peritonitis with the Parker peritoneal dialysis cannula. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:547, 1988.
334. Wilson SE, Huh J: In defense of routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of operative site flora in patients with peritonitis. Clin Infect Dis 25(suppl 2):S254, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
335. Winkler KP, Greenfield CL: Potential prognostic indicators in diffuse peritonitis treated with open peritoneal drainage in the canine patient. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 10:259, 2000.
336. Wirtherle N, Wiemann A, Ottenjann M, et al: First case of canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by Mesocestoides lineatus in Germany. Parasit Int 56:317, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
337. Withrow SJ, Black AP: Generalized peritonitis in small animals. Vet Clin North Am 9:363, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
338. Wittmann DH, Schein M, Condon RE: Management of secondary peritonitis. Ann Surg 224:10, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
339. Wong PL: Pneumoperitoneum associated with splenic necrosis and clostridial peritonitis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:463, 1981.
340. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15:27, 1986.
341. Worley DR, Hottinger HA, Lawrence HJ: Surgical management of gallbladder mucoceles in dogs: 22 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1418, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
342. Wright KN, Gompf RE, DeNovo RC: Peritoneal effusion in cats: 65 cases (1982–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:375, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
343. Yanofsky G, Bonneau NH, Breton L: Fistulography as an aid in the diagnosis of a nonradiopaque foreign body in a dog. Can Vet J 27:291, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
344. Zeltzman PA, Downs MO, Girard EM: What is your diagnosis? Foreign body in the abdomen. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:193, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION VII: Digestive System Chapter 87: Soft Tissues of the Oral Cavity
REFERENCES
1. Allen SW: Surgical management of pharyngeal disorders in the dog and cat. Prob Vet Med 3:290, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
1a. Anderson, personal observation, 2002.
2. Beck ER, Withrow SJ, McChesney AE, et al: Canine tongue tumors: a retrospective review of 57 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:525, 1986. 3. Bertone ER, Snyder LA, Moore AS: Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in domestic cats. J Vet Intern Med 17:557, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bostock DE, Curtis R: Comparisons of canine oropharyngeal malignancy in various geographical locations. Vet Rec 114:341, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bright SR, Mellanby RJ, Williams JM: Oropharyngeal stick injury in a Bengal cat. J Fel Med Surg 4:153, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
6. Campbell G: Shredding incident. Vet Rec 161:635, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
7. Carpenter LG, Withrow SJ, Powers BE, et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in 10 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:17, 1993.
8. Clutton RE, Richards DL: The management of total tongue avulsion in a dog: a case report. J Sm Anim Pract 28:307, 1987.
9. Dean PW: Surgery of the tonsils. Prob Vet Med 3:298, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
10. Degner DA, Bauer MS, Ehrhart EJ: Palatine tonsil cyst in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1041, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
11. Dennis MM, Ehrhart N, Duncan CG, et al: Frequency of and risk factors associated with lingual lesions in dogs: 1196 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1533, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
12. Dobromylskyj MJ, Dennis R, Ladlow JF, Adams VJ: The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of pharyngeal penetration injuries in dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 49:74, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
13. Doran IP, Wright CA, Moore AH: Acute oropharyngeal and esophageal stick injury in forty-one dogs. Vet Surg 37:781, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
14. Dorn CR, Priester WA: Epidemiological analysis of oral and pharyngeal cancer in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169:1204, 1976. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Dulisch ML: The tonsils. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1079.
16. Dvorak LD, Beaver DP, Ellison GW, et al: Major glossectomy in dogs: a case series and proposed classification system. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:331, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
17. Eisner ER: Vestibule deepening procedure for tight lip syndrome in the Chinese Shar-Pei dog. J Vet Dent 25:284, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
18. Eriksen T: Physical orodental conditions. In Tutt C, Deeprose J, Crossley D, editors: BSAVA manual of canine and feline dentistry, ed 3, Gloucester, UK, 2007, Quedgeley: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, pp 157.
19. Evans HE: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
20. Farrow CS: Surgical treatment of lower-lip avulsion in the cat. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 68:1418, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
21. Ginn PE, Mansell JE, Rakich PM: Skin and appendages. In Maxie ME, editor: Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s pathology of domestic animals, ed 5, Edinburgh, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, pp 608.
22. Gregory SP: Shredding incident. Vet Rec 161:827, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Griffiths LG, Tiruneh R, Sullivan M, et al: Oropharyngeal penetrating injuries in 50 dogs: a retrospective study. Vet Surg 29:383, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
24. Grundmann S, Hoffmann A: Ankyloglossie bei einem Anatilischen Hirtenhund (Kangal). Schweiz Arch Teirhailk 148:417, 2006.
25. Harvey CE: Therapeutic strategies involving antimicrobial treatment of the upper respiratory tract in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:10, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
26. Harvey HJ: Oral tumors. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 15:493, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
27. Hayes AM, Adams VJ, Scase TJ, Murphy S: Survival of 54 cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma in United Kingdom general practice. J Sm Anim Pract 48:394, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
28. Herman LH: Partial canine glossectomy performed by a piranha. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 66:469, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
29. Hernandez SZ, Negro VB: Surgery of the tongue in the dog: diseases and surgical techniques. Canine Pract 24:11, 1999.
30. Karahan S, Kul BC: Ankyloglossia in dogs: a morphological and immunohistochemical study. Anat Histol Embryol 38:118, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kelmer E, Kelmer G, Kerl M: Diagnosis and successful treatment of caudal lingual abscess in a geriatric dog. Can Vet J 48:852, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJ, Newsome JT, Yuan H: Resolution of persistent oral papillomatosis in a dog after treatment with recombinant canine oral papillomavirus vaccine. Vet Comp Oncol 1:57, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
33. Liptak JM, Withrow SJ: Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow & MacEwan’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders, pp 455. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Lobprise HB, Wiggs RB: Anatomy, diagnosis and management of disorders of the tongue. J Vet Dent 10:16, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
35. MacMillan R, Withrow SJ, Gillette EL: Surgery and regional irradiation for treatment of canine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: retrospective review of eight cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:311, 1982.
36. Mattson A: Pharyngeal disorders. Vet Clin North Am 24:825, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. McCoy DE: Surgical management of the tight lip syndrome in the Shar-Pei dog. J Vet Dent 14:95, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
38. Miller AD, Alcaraz A, McDonough SP: Tonsillar lymph-angiomatous polyp in an adult dog. J Comp Path 138:215, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
39. Nemanic S, London CA, Wisner ER: Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 20:508, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
40. Nicholson I, Halfacree Z, Whatmough C, et al: Computed tomography as an aid to management of chronic oropharyngeal stick injury in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 49:451, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
41. Northrup NC, Selting KA, Rassnick KM, et al: Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases. J Anim Hosp Assoc 42:350, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Olmstead ML, Stoloff DR, O’Keefe CM: Avulsion of the upper lip in two dogs. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 79:1228, 1976.
43. Ozaydin I, Demirkan I, Ozba B: A case of congenital permanent frenulum linguae and lingua bifida (bifid tongue) in an Anatolian shepherd (Kangal) dog. J Fac Vet Med Univ Kafkas 6:107, 2000.
44. Pavletic MM: Reconstructive surgery of the lips and cheek. Vet Clin North Am 20:201, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
45. Simpson BA: Canine communication. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:445, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
46. Smeak DD: Anti-drool cheiloplasty: clinical results in six dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:181, 1989.
47. Stauffer VD: Loss of the tongue in a cat and the resulting skin problem. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 68:1266, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
48. Stebbins KE, Morse CC, Goldschmidt MH: Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year survey. Vet Pathol 26:121, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
49. Stoll SG: Cheiloplasty. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1983, Lea & Febiger, pp 446.
50. Suter PF, Watrous BJ: Oropharyngeal dysphagias in the dog: a cinefluorographic analysis of experimentally induced and spontaneously occurring swallowing disorders: I. Oral stage and pharyngeal stage dysphagias. Vet Radiol 21:24, 1980.
51. Syrcle JA, Bonczynski JJ, Monette S, et al: Retrospective evaluation of lingual tumors in 42 dogs: 1999–2005. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:308, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
52. Tafti AK, Hanna P, Bourque AC: Calcinosis circumscripta in the dog: a retrospective pathological study. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52:13, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
53. Temizsoylu MD, Avki S: Complete ventral ankyloglossia in three related dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1443, 2003 PUBMED Abstract
54. Todoroff RJ, Brodey RS: Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:567, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
55. Voith VL, Borchelt PL: Diagnosis and treatment of dominance aggression in dogs. Vet Clin North Am 12:655, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
56. Von Doernberg MC, Peeters ME, ter Haar G, Kirpensteijn J: Lingual abscesses in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 49:413, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
57. Watrous BJ: Clinical presentation and diagnosis of dysphagia. Vet Clin North Am 13:437, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
58. Watrous BJ, Suter PF: Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study 20:99, 1979.
59. Watrous BJ, Suter PF: Oropharyngeal dysphagias in the dog: a cinefluorographic analysis of experimentally induced and spontaneously occurring swallowing disorders: II. Cricopharyngeal stage and mixed oropharyngeal dysphagias. Vet Radiol 24:11, 1983.
60. White RAS, Lane JG: Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 29:13, 1988.
61. Winkel A: Skin fold dermatitis. In Medleau L, Hnilica K: Small animal dermatology: a color atlas and therapeutic guide, ed 2, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, pp 26.
62. Yagci BB, Ural K, Öcal N, Haydardedeoglu AE: Azithromycin therapy of papillomatosis in dogs: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vet Dermatol 19:194, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 88: Salivary Glands
REFERENCES
1. Argenzio RA: Secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract. In Swenson MJ, Reece WO, editors: Duke’s physiology of domestic animals, ed 11, Ithaca, NY, 1993, Cornell University Press. 2. Banks WK: Applied veterinary histology, ed 3, Baltimore, 1993, Williams & Wilkins.
3. Bartoe JT, Brightman AH, Davidson HJ: Modified lateral orbitotomy for vision-sparing excision of a zygomatic mucocele in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 10:127–131, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bellenger CR, Simpson DJ: Canine sialocoeles—60 clinical cases. J Small Anim Pract 33:376– 380, 1992.
5. Boydell P, Pike R, Crossley D: Presumptive sialadenosis in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 41:573– 574, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
6. Boydell P, Pike R, Crossley D, et al: Sialadenosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:872–874, 2000.
7. Brooks DG, Hottinger HA, Dunstan RW: Canine necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case report and review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:21–25, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brown NO: Salivary gland diseases: diagnosis, treatment, and associated problems. Probl Vet Med 1:281–294, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
9. Brunnert SR, Altman NH: Canine lingual acinic cell carcinoma (clear cell variant) of minor salivary gland. Vet Pathol 27:203–205, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
10. Carberry CA, Flanders JA, Harvey HJ, et al: Salivary gland tumors in dogs and cats: a literature and case review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:561–567, 1988.
11. Cooke MM, Guilford WG: Salivary gland necrosis in a wire-haired fox terrier. N Z Vet J 40:69–72, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
12. Crouch JE: Text-atlas of cat anatomy, ed 1, Philadelphia, 1969, Lea & Febiger.
13. Dorman HL, Bellinger LL, Frazier LW, et al: Salivary gland secretion. Physiologist 24(5):51–53, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
14. Dunning D: Tongue, lips, cheeks, pharynx, and salivary glands. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 560.
15. Emmelin N, Gjorstrup P, Thesleff P: On the existence of parasympathetic motor nerves to the submaxillary gland of the dog. Q J Exp Physiol 62:27–40, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
16. Evans EH: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
17. Faustino AM, Dias Pereira P: A salivary malignant myoepithelioma in a dog. Vet J 173:223–226, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
18. Glen JB: Canine salivary mucoceles: results of sialographic examination and surgical treatment of fifty cases. J Small Anim Pract 13:515–526, 1972. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
19. Gourley IM: Lips, oral cavity, and salivary glands. In Vasseur PB, editor: General small animal surgery, ed 1, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott, p 221.
20. Guyton AC, Hall JE: Textbook of medical physiology, ed 10, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders.
21. Hahn KA, Nolan ML: Surgical prognosis for canine salivary gland neoplasms. Proc Annu Conf Amer Coll Vet Radiol Vet Cancer Soc 1997.
22. Hammer A, Getzy D, Ogilvie G, et al: Salivary gland neoplasia in the dog and cat: survival times and prognostic factors. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:478–482, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
23. Harvey CE: Canine salivary mucocele. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 5:155–164, 1969.
24. Harvey CE: Parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 18:163–168, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
25. Head KW, Else RW, Dubielzig RR: Tumors of the alimentary tract. In Meuten DJ, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press, p 410.
26. Hornbuckle WE, Tennant BC: Gastrointestinal function. In Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, et al, editors: Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, ed 5, San Diego, 1997, Academic Press, p 376.
27. Hulland TJ, Archibald J: Salivary mucoceles in dogs. Can Vet J 5:109–117, 1964. PUBMED Abstract
28. Hurov L: Surgical correction of blocked parotid duct. Can Vet J 2:348–349, 1961. PUBMED Abstract
29. Imai Y: Physiology of salivary secretion. Front Oral Physiol 2:184, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
30. Jeffreys DA, Stasiw A, Dennis R: Parotid sialolithiasis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 37:296–297, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
31. Knecht CD: Diseases of the salivary glands in the dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11:932– 936, 1980.
32. Knecht CD, Phares J: Characterization of dogs with salivary cyst. J Am Vet Med Assoc 158:612– 613, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
33. Ladlow JF, Gregory SP: Parotid duct dilation in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 44:367–369, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
34. Lung M: Mechanisms of sympathetic enhancement and inhibition of parasympathetically induced salivary secretion in anaesthetized dogs. Br J Pharmacol 112:411–416, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
35. Militerna G, Bazzo R, Marcato PS: Cytological diagnosis of mandibular salivary gland adenocarcinoma in a dog. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52:514–516, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
36. Preibisch J: Kamienei Slinoweupsa. Med Wet 16:277, 1960.
37. Ritter MJ, von Pfeil DJF, Stanley BJ, et al: Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: a retrospective evaluation of 41 cases, using the ventral approach for treatment. N Z Vet J 54:333– 337, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
38. Ryan T, Welsh E, McGorum I: Sublingual salivary gland sialolithiasis in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 49:254–256, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
39. Schmidt GM, Betts CW: Zygomatic salivary mucoceles in the dog. J Am Anim Assoc 172:940– 942, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
40. Schroeder H, Berry WL: Salivary gland necrosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 19 cases. J Small Anim Pract 39:121–125, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
41. Shimoyama Y, Yamashita K, Ohmachi T, et al: Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland in two dogs. J Comp Path 134:254–259, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Sidaway BK, McLaughlin RM, Hughes J: Cervical masses in dogs: diagnosis and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 5:390–402, 2004.
43. Smith MM: Surgery of the canine salivary system. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 7:457–464, 1985.
44. Smrkovski OA, LeBlanc AK, Smith SH, et al: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation in the mandibular salivary gland of a dog. Vet Pathol 43:374–377, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Sozeman M, Brown PJ: Idiopathic salivary gland enlargement (sialadenosis) in dogs: a microscopic study. J Small Anim Pract 41:243–247, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
46. Sozeman M, Brown PJ, Eveson JW: Salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma: a report of cases in a cat and two dogs. J Vet Med Assoc 50:399–401, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
47. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats: 245 cases (1985–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:465–469, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
48. Spreull JS, Head KW: Cervical salivary cysts in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 8:17–35, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
49. Stevens A, Lowe J: Human histology, ed 2, Barcelona, 1997, Mosby.
50. Stonehewer J, Mackin AJ, Tasker S, et al: Idiopathic phenobarbital-responsive hypersialosis in the dog: an unusual form of limbic epilepsy? J Small Anim Pract 41:416–421, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
51. Thomsen BV, Myers RK: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the mandibular salivary gland in a dog. Vet Pathol 36:71–73, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
52. Trumpatori BJ, Geissler K, Mathews KG: Parotid duct sialolithiasis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:45–51, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
53. Van der Merwe LL: Mandibular salivary gland sialadenosis in dogs infected with Spirocerca lupi: a retrospective study. 17th ECVIM-CA Congress, 2007.
54. Withrow SJ: Cancer of the salivary glands. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders, p 476.
55. Weber WJ, Hobson HP, Wilson SR: Pharyngeal mucoceles in dogs. Vet Surg 15:5–8, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 89: Mandibulectomy and Maxillectomy
REFERENCES
1. Bergman PJ, McKnight J, Novosad A, et al: Long-term survival of dogs with advanced malignant melanoma after DNA vaccination with xenogeneic human tyrosinase: a phase 1 trial. Clin Cancer Res 9:1284, 2003. PUBMED Abstract 2. Bertone ER, Snyder LA, Moore AS: Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in domestic cats. J Vet Int Med 17:557, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
3. Bjorling DE, Chambers JN, Mahaffey EA: Surgical treatment of epulides in dogs: 25 cases (1974– 1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:1315, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
4. Blackwood L, Dobson JM: Radiotherapy of oral malignant melanomas in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:98, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
5. Boria PA, Murry DJ, Bennett PF, et al: Evaluation of cisplatin combined with piroxicam for the treatment of oral malignant melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:388, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bryant KJ, Moore K, McAnulty JF: Angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap for reconstruction of recurrent fistulae of the palate. J Vet Surg 32:113, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
7. Ciekot PA, Powers BE, Withrow SJ, et al: Histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade, fibrosarcomas of the mandible and maxilla in dogs: 25 cases (1982–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:610, 1994 PUBMED Abstract
8. Cotter SM: Oral pharyngeal neoplasms in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:917, 1981.
9. Dundas JM, Fowler JD, Shmon CL, et al: Modification of the superficial cervical axial pattern flap for oral reconstruction. J Vet Surg 34:206, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
10. Evans HE, Christensen GC: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1979, Saunders.
11. Fox LE, Geoghegan SL, Davis LH, et al: Owner satisfaction with partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 27 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:25, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
12. Gyorffy S, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Woods JP, et al: Bone marrow-derived dendritic cell vaccination of dogs with naturally occurring melanoma by using human gp100 antigen. J Vet Int Med 19:56, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
13. Hedlund CS, Tanger CH, Elkins AD, et al: Temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion during surgical exploration of the nasal cavity of the dog. J Vet Surg 12:83, 1983.
14. Herring ES, Smith MM, Robertson JL: Lymph node staging of oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in 31 dogs and cats. J Vet Dent 19:122, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Hutson CA, Willauer CC, Walder EJ, et al: Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: 7 cases (1987–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:777, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
16. Kitchell BE, Brown DM, Luck EE, et al: Intralesional implant for treatment of primary oral malignant melanoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:229, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
17. Kosovsky JK, Matthiesen DT, Manfra Marretta S, et al: Results of partial mandibulectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 142 dogs. J Vet Surg 20:397, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
18. Langenbach A, McManus PM, Hendrick MJ, et al: Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastases in dogs and cats with solid tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1424, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
19. Lascelles BD, Henderson RA, Seguin B, et al: Bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planectomy for large rostral maxillofacial neoplasms in 6 dogs and 1 cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:137, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
20. Lascelles BD, Thomson MJ, Dernell WS, et al: Combined dorsolateral and intraoral approach for the resection of tumors of the maxilla in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:294, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
21. Lemke KA, Dawson SD: Local and regional anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 30:839, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
22. MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, Vail DM, et al: Adjuvant therapy for melanoma in dogs: results of randomized clinical trials using surgery, liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin Cancer Res 5:4249, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
23. MacEwen EG, Patnaik AK, Harvey HJ, et al: Canine oral melanoma: comparison of surgery versus surgery plus Corynebacterium parvum. Cancer Invest 4:397, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
24. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Tumors of the alimentary tract. In Ogilvie GK, Moore AS, editors: Feline oncology, Trenton, NJ, 2001, Veterinary Learning Systems, p 271.
25. Murphy S, Hayes AM, Blackwood L, et al: Oral malignant melanoma—the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy. J Vet Comp Onc 3:222, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
26. Northrup NC, Selting KA, Rassnick KM, et al: Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:350, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
27. Postorino Reeves NC, Turrel JM, Withrow SJ: Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:438, 1993.
28. Rassnick KM, Ruslander DM, Cotter SM, et al: Use of carboplatin for treatment of dogs with malignant melanomas: 27 cases (1989–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1444, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Salisbury SK, Lantz GC: Long-term results of partial mandibulectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 30 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:285, 1988.
30. Salisbury SK, Richardson DC, Lantz GC: Partial maxillectomy and premaxillectomy in the treatment of oral neoplasia in the dog and cat. J Vet Surg 15:16, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
31. Schwarz PD, Withrow SJ, Curtis CR, et al: Mandibular resection as a treatment for oral cancer in 81 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:601, 1991.
32. Schwarz PD, Withrow SJ, Curtis CR, et al: Partial maxillary resection as a treatment for oral cancer in 61 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:617, 1991.
33. Skarda RT: Local and regional anesthetic techniques: dogs. In Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ, editors: Lumb and Jones veterinary anesthesia, Baltimore, 1996, Williams & Wilkins.
34. Smith MM: Surgical approach for lymph node staging of oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp 31:514, 1995.
35. Straw RC, LeCouteur RA, Powers BE, et al: Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the canine skull: 16 cases (1978–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1764, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
36. Straw RC, Powers BE, Klausner J, et al: Canine mandibular osteosarcoma: 51 cases (1980– 1992). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:257, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
37. Theon AP, Rodriquez C, Griffey S, et al: Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with periodontal tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:785, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
38. Theon AP, Rodriguez C, Madewell BR: Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with malignant oral tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:778, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
39. Todoroff RJ, Brodey RS: Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective study of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:567, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
40. Wallace JW, Matthiesen DT, Patnaik AK: Hemimaxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 69 dogs. J Vet Surg 21:337, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
41. White RAS: Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy in the dog: long term survival in 100 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 32:69, 1991.
42. White RAS, Gorman NT: Wide local excision of acanthomatous epulides in the dog. J Vet Surg 18:12, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
43. White RAS, Gorman NT, Watkins SB, et al: The surgical management of bone-involved oral tumours in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 26:693, 1985.
44. Williams LE, Packer RA: Association between lymph node size and metastasis in dogs with oral malignant melanoma: 100 cases (1987–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1234, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
45. Withrow SJ, Holmberg DL: Mandibulectomy in the treatment of oral cancer. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:273, 1983.
46. Withrow SJ, Nelson AW, Manley PA, et al: Premaxillectomy in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:49, 1985. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 90: Esophagus
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34. Dvir E, et al: Radiographic and computed tomographic changes and clinical presentation of spirocercosis in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:119, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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42. Flanders JA: Problems and complications associated with esophageal surgery. Prob Vet Med 1:183, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
43. Foor JC: A congenital bronchoesophageal fistula in a dog. Minnesota Vet 14:9, 1974.
44. Fox E, et al: Congenital oesophageal stricture in a Japanese shiba inu. J Sm Anim Pract 48:709, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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47. Freud E, et al: Comparative experimental study of esophageal wall regeneration after prosthetic replacement. J Biomed Mater Res 45:84, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Gabor LJ, Walshaw R: Esophageal duplication cyst in a dog. Vet Pathol 45:61, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Galatos AD, et al: Post anaesthetic oesophageal stricture formation in three cats. J Sm Anim Pract 35:638, 1994.
50. German AJ, et al: Oesophageal strictures in cats associated with doxycycline therapy. J Feline Med Surg 7:33, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
51. Glanemann B, et al: Recurrent single oesophageal stricture treated with a self-expanding stent in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 10:505, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
52. Gluckman DL: Serosal integrity and intestinal adhesions. Surgery 60:1009, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
53. Golden DL, et al: Use of an argon laser for transendoscopic radial incision of an esophageal web in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:29, 1994.
54. Goring RL, Kagan KG: Cricopharyngeal achalasia in the dog: radiographic evaluation and surgical management. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 4:438, 1982.
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57. Gualtieri M, et al: Oesphageal squamous cell carcinoma in two cats. J Sm Anim Pract 40:79, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
58. Hamilton TA, Carpenter JL: Esophageal plasmacytoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1210, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
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60. Hardie EM, et al: Balloon dilatation for treatment of esophageal stricture: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:547, 1987.
61. Hawe RS: Catheter technique for removing a foreign body from the canine esophagus. VM SAC 74:1615, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
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64. Helphrey ML: Vascular ring anomalies in the dog. Vet Clin North Am 9:207, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
65. Henderson RD, et al: Oesophageal replacement by gastric tube: an experimental study of the properties of the gastric tube. Br J Surg 61:533, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
66. Hill FWG, et al: An oesophageal diverticulum in a dog. Austr Vet J 55:184, 1979.
67. Hoffer RE: Surgery of the esophagus. In Jones BD, editor: Canine and feline gastroenterology, Philadelphia, 1986, Saunders.
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71. Houlton JEF, et al: Thoracic oesophageal foreign bodies in the dog: a review of ninety cases. J Sm Anim Pract 26:521, 1985.
72. House AK, et al: Unusual vascular ring anomaly associated with a persistent right aortic arch in two dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 46:585, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
73. Howard DR, et al: Esophageal reinforcement with the sternothyroideus muscle in the dog. Canine Pract 2:30, 1975.
74. Hughes TB, et al: Antral patch esophagoplasty. Amer J Surg 137:222, 1979. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
75. Hughes TB, et al: Gastric patch esophagoplasty. An experimental study. Amer J Surg 137:226, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
76. Hurley K, et al: Left aortic arch and right ligamentum arteriosum causing esophageal obstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:410, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
77. Imhoff K, Foster WJ: Persistent right aortic arch in a 10 year old dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 143:599, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
78. Iwasaki M, et al: Esophageal diverticula in a dog. Mod Vet Pract 58:606, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
79. Jacobs TM, Rosen GM: Photodynamic therapy as a treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:257, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
80. Jergens AE: Diseases of the esophagus. In Ettinger, Stephen J, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, vol. 2, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 1304.
81. Johnson DA: Esophageal trauma: perforation, Mallory-Weiss tear, hematoma. In Brandt LJ, editor: Clinical practice of gastroenterology, vol. I, Current Medicine Inc, Philadelphia, 1999, Churchill Livingstone.
82. Johnson KA, et al: Correction of a cervical esophageal stricture in a dog by creation of a traction diverticulum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1045, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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87. Kore AM, Kiesche-Nesselrodt A: Toxicology of household cleaning products and disinfectant. Vet Clin North Am 20:525, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
88. Kovacs T, et al: Bursting strength and collagen content changes in esophageal anastomoses. Comparative experimental study. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:266, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
89. Kovacs T, Koves I, Orosz Z, et al: healing of esophageal anastomoses performed with the biofragmentable anastomosis ring versus end-to-end anastomosis stapler: an experimental study in dogs. World J Surg 27:465, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Kuzma AB, et al: Esophageal replacement in the dog by microvascular colon transfer. Vet Surg 18:439, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
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92. Lammerding J, et al: Diaphragmatic pedicle grafts for the repair of distal esophageal defects in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:558, 1976.
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108. Muangombut J, et al: The use of circular myotomy to facilitate resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the esophagus. An experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 68:522, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
109. Muir P, Bjorling DE: Successful surgical treatment of a broncho-oesophageal fistula in a cat. Vet Rec 134:475, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
110. Muldoon MM, et al: Long-term results of surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch in dogs: 25 cases (1980–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1761, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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112. Nawrocki MA, et al: Fluoroscopic and endoscopic localization of an esophagobronchial fistula in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:257, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
113. Niles JD, et al: Resolution of dysphagia following cricopharyngeal myectomy in six young dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 42:32, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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164. van Ee RT, et al: Bronchoesophageal fistula and transient megaesophagus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:874, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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168. Warnock JJ, et al: Surgical management of cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: 14 cases (1989– 2001). J Vet Med Assoc 223:1462, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
169. Watrous BJ, Sutter PF: Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study. Vet Radiol 20:99, 1979.
170. Weaver AD: Cricopharyngeal achalasia in cocker spaniels. J Sm Anim Pract 24:209, 1983.
171. Westfall DS, et al: Evaluation of esophageal transit of tablets and capsules in 30 cats. J Vet Intern Med 15:467, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
172. Weyrauch EA, Willard MD: Esophagitis and benign esophageal strictures. Comp Cont Educ Vet Pract 20:203, 1998.
173. Wheaton LG, et al: Persistent right aortic arch associated with other vascular anomalies in two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:848, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
174. White RAS, Lane JG: Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 29:12, 1988.
175. White RN, et al: Vascular ring anomaly with coarctation of the aorta in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 44:330, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
176. Willard MD, et al: Iatrogenic tears associated with ballooning of esophageal strictures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:431, 1994.
177. Williams DB, Payne WS: Observations on esophageal blood supply. Mayo Clin Proc 57:448, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
178. Withrow SJ: Esophageal cancer. In Withrow SJ, MacEwan EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 320–321.
179. Withrow SJ: Esophageal cancer. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, pp 477–478.
180. Wowk BJ, Olson GA: Megaesophagus produced by persistent right aortic arch in a cat. VM SAC 75:77, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
181. Wysong RL: Embryology of persistent right aortic arch. VM SAC 64:203, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
182. Yamataka A, et al: Tubed latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps for esophageal replacement in puppies: long term follow-up. J Pediatr Surg 35:1623, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
183. Yamataka A, et al: Tubed latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps for thoracic esophageal replacement: an experimental study. J Pediat Surg 29:590, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
184. Yarim M, et al: Double aortic arch in a Siamese cat. Vet Pathol 36:340, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
185. Zhou JH, et al: Prevention of stricture development after corrosive esophageal burn with a modified esophageal stent in dogs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 136:1336, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 91: Stomach
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59. Galatos A, Raptopoulos D: Gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia in the dog: the effect of preoperative fasting and premedication. Vet Rec 137:479, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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64. Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Schellenberg DB, et al: Multiple risk factors for the gastric dilatation- volvulus syndrome in dogs: a practitioner/owner case-control study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:197, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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144. Rasmussen L: Stomach. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, vol 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders.
145. Rawlings CA: Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:15, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
146. Rawlings CA, Foutz TL, Mahaffey MB, et al: A rapid and strong laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 62:871, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
147. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Bement S, et al: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs susceptible to gastric dilatation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1576, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
148. Rivers B, Walter P, Johnston G, et al: Canine gastric neoplasia: utility of ultrasonography in diagnosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:144, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
149. Roach W, Hecht S: What is your diagnosis? Gastroesophageal intussusception. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:381, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
150. Runge JJ, Mayhew P, Rawlings CA: Laparoscopic-assisted and laparoscopic prophylactic gastropexy: indications and techniques. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:58, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
151. Russell KN, Mehler SJ, Skorupski KA, et al: Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1329, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
152. Sanchez-Margallo F, Ezauerra-Calvo L, Soria-Galvez F, et al: Comparison of the effect of laparoscopic and conventional pyloric surgery on gastric emptying in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:57, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
153. Sautter J, Hanlon G: Gastric neoplasms of the dog: a report of 20 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166:691, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
154. Savvas I, Rallis T, Raptopoulos D: The effect of pre-anesthetic fasting time and type of food on gastric content volume and acidity in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 36:539, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
155. Scanziani E, Giusti A, Gualtieri M, et al: Gastric carcinoma in the Belgian shepherd dog. J Sm Anim Pract 32:465, 1991. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
156. Schaible R, Ziech J, Glickman N, et al: Predisposition to gastric dilatation-volvulus in relation to genetics of thoracic conformation in Irish setters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:379, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
157. Schellenberg D, Yi Q, Glickman N, et al: Influence of thoracic conformation and genetics on the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus in Irish setters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:64, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
158. Schober KE, Cornand C, Kirbach B, et al: Serum cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:381, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
159. Schulman A, Lusk R, Lippincott C, et al: Muscular flap gastropexy: a new surgical technique to prevent recurrences of gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:339, 1986.
160. Stanton ME, Bright RM: Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 3:238, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
161. Steelman-Szymeczek SM, Stebbins ME, Hardie EM: Clinical evaluation of a right-sided prophylactic gastropexy via a grid approach. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:397, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
162. Stemper T, Cooke A: Effect of a fixed pyloric opening on gastric emptying in the cat and dog. Am J Phys 230:813, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
163. Sullivan M, Lee R, Fisher E, et al: A study of 31 cases of gastric carcinoma in dogs. Vet Rec 120:79, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
164. Swann HM, Holt DE: Canine gastric adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective study of 21 cases (1986–1999) and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:157, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
165. Tian F, Appert HE, Howard JM: The disintegration of absorbable suture materials on exposure to human digestive juices—an update. Am Surg 60:287, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
166. Tobias KM: Surgical stapling devices in veterinary medicine: a review. Vet Surg 36:341, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
167. Tomihata K, Suzuki M, Kada Y: The pH dependence of monofilament sutures on hydrolytic degradation. J Biomed Mater Res 58:511, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
168. Tyrrell D, Beck C: Survey of the use of radiography vs. ultrasonography in the investigation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in small animals. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:404, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
169. VanCamp S, Love N, Kuamresan S: Gastroesophageal intussusception in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:190, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
170. Walker TG, Chan DL, Freeman LM, et al: Serial determination of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dogs with naturally occurring gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:250, 2007.
171. Walter M, Goldschmidt M, Stone E, et al: Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy as a cause of pyloric obstruction in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:157, 1985. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
172. Walter M, Mathiesen D: Acquired antral pyloric hypertrophy in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 23:547, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
173. Walter M, Matthiesen D, Stone E: Pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy in the dog: technique and clinical results in 28 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:909, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
174. Ward MP, Patronek GJ, Glickman LT: Benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus. Prev Vet Med 60:319, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
175. Waschak M: Evaluation of percutaneous gastrostomy as a technique for permanent gastropexy. Vet Surg 26:235, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
176. Werthern C, Montavon P, Fluckiger M: Gastroesophageal intussusception in a young German shepherd dog. J Sm Anim Pract 37:491, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
177. Wheaton L, Thacker H, Caldwell S: Intravenous fluorescein as an indicator of gastric viability in gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:197, 1986.
178. Whitney W, Scavelli T, Matthiesen D: Belt-loop gastropexy: technique and surgical results in 20 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:75, 1989.
179. Willard MD, Mansell J, Fosgate GT, et al: Effect of sample quality on the sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy for detecting gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 22:1084, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
180. Wilson D, Walshaw R: Postanesthesia esophageal dysfunction in 13 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:455, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
181. Wilson DV, Boruta DT, Evans AT: Influence of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on gastroesophageal reflux during anesthesia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 67:1821, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
182. Wilson E, Henderson R, Montgomery R, et al: A comparison of laparoscopic and belt-loop gastropexy in dogs. Vet Surg 25:221, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
183. Winkler KP, Greenfield CL, Schaeffer DJ: Bacteremia and bacterial translocation in the naturally occurring canine gastric dilatation-volvulus patient. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:361, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
184. Woolfson J, Kostolich M: Circumcostal gastropexy: clinical use of the technique in 34 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:825, 1986.
185. Zacher LA, Berg J, Shaw SP, et al: Association between outcome and changes in plasma lactate concentration during presurgical treatment in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 64 cases (2002–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 236:892, 2010. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 92: Small Intestine
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119. Koike T, Hagio M, Yasui T, et al: Experimental studies in intestinal healing of the dog. IV. Observations on the various types of enterotomy. Jpn J Vet Res 24(1–2):31–36, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
120. Kolata RJ, Johnston DE: Motor vehicle accidents in urban dogs: a study of 600 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167(10):938–941, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
121. Krausz MM, Manny J, Utsunomiya T, Hechtman HB: Peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 152(3):327–330, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
122. Lamb CR, Mantis P: Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 39(9):437–441, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
123. Lamb WA, France MP: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a dog. Aust Vet J 71(3):84–86, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
124. Lanz OI, Ellison GW, Bellah JR, et al: Surgical treatment of septic peritonitis without abdominal drainage in 28 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37(1):87–92, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
125. Lanzafame RJ, Naim JO, Tomkiewicz ZM, Hinshaw JR: The accuracy of predicting intestinal viability with fluorescein: experimental observations. Curr Surg 40(4):292–294, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
126. Lawson AK, Seshadri R: Two cases of planned relaparotomy for severe peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal pathology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43(2):117–121, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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128. Lewis DD, Ellison GW: Intussusception in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 9(5):523–532, 534–535, 1987.
129. MacDonald JM, Mullen HS, Moroff SD: Adenomatous polyps of the duodenum in cats: 18 cases (1985–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(4):647–651, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
130. Madl C, Druml W: Systemic consequences of ileus. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 17(3):445– 456, 2003.
131. Mann A, Fazio VW, Lucas FV: A comparative study of the use of fluorescein and the Doppler device in the determination of intestinal viability. Surg Gynecol Obstet 154(1):53–55, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
132. Marfuggi RA, Greenspan M: Reliable intraoperative prediction of intestinal viability using a fluorescent indicator. Surg Gynecol Obstet 152(1):33–35, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
133. Marzella L, Brotman S, Mayer J, Cowley RA: Evaluation of injured intestine with the aid of fluorescein. Am Surg 50(11):599–602, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
134. Matthews AR, Penninck DG, Webster CR: Postoperative ultrasonographic appearance of uncomplicated enterotomy or enterectomy sites in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(5):477–483, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
135. Matushek KJ, Cockshutt JR: Mesenteric and gastric volvulus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191(3):327–328, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
136. McConnell EA: Fluid and electrolyte concerns in intestinal surgical procedures. Nurs Clin North Am 22(4): 853–860, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
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140. McLachlin A, Denton D: Omental protection of intestinal anastomosis. Am J Surg 125:134–140, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
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143. Mishra NK, Appert HE, Howard JM: The effects of distention and obstruction on the accumulation of fluid in the lumen of small bowel of dogs. Ann Surg 180(5):791–795, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
144. Montz FJ, Fowler JM, Wolff AJ, et al: The ability of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to inhibit post-radical pelvic surgery adhesions in the dog model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165(5 Pt 1):1539–1542, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
145. Moon M, Myer W: Gastrointestinal contrast radiology in small animals. Semin Vet Med Surg 1(2):121–143, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
146. Moon ML, Biller DS, Armbrust LJ: Ultrasonographic appearance and etiology of corrugated small intestine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(2):199–203, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
147. Moore R, Carpenter J: Intestinal sclerosis with pseudo-obstruction in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184(7):830–833, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
148. Moore R, Carpenter J: Intramural intestinal hematoma causing obstruction in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184(2):186–188, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
149. Morison R: Remarks on some functions of the omentum. Br Med J 1:76, 1906. PUBMED Abstract
150. Muir P, Rosin E: Failure of the single enterotomy technique to remove a linear intestinal foreign body from a cat. Vet Rec 136(3):75, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
151. Nash JM, Bellenger CR: Enteroplication in cats, using suture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive. Res Vet Sci 65(3):253–258, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
152. Nemzek JA, Walshaw R, Hauptman JG.: Mesenteric volvulus in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Soc Horticult Sci 29(4):357–362, 1993.
153. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle ES: Anatomy of domestic animals: the viscera, Oxford, 1996, Blackwell Science Ltd.
154. Noble T: Plication of small intestines as prophylaxis against adhesions. Am J Surg 35:41–44, 1937.
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156. Oakes MG, Lewis DD, Hosgood G, Beale BS: Enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 31 cases (1978–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(1):72–75, 1994. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
157. Oguma J, Ozawa S, Morikawa Y, et al: Knot-tying force during suturing and wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. J Surg Res 140(1):129–134, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
158. Olsen CG, Stiff MI, Nara P, et al: Collection and growth of canine lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches. J Tissue Cult Methods 7(3):103–106, 1982.
159. Olsen PR, Boserup F, Mikkelsen AM, Rorbech U: [Intussusception following renal transplantation in dogs (author’s transl)]. Nord Vet Med 29:36–40, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
160. Orsher R, Rosin E: Small intestines. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 593–612.
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163. Parry-Smith P, Czerwinska M, Krudewig C: Duodenal duplication cyst in a young cat. Vet Rec 162:25, 826–827, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
164. Patsikas MN, Jakovljevic S, Moustardas N, et al: Ultrasonographic signs of intestinal intussusception associated with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis in 19 young dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39(1):57–66, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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166. Patsikas MN, Papazoglou LG, Jakovljevic S, Dessiris AK: Color Doppler ultrasonography in prediction of the reducibility of intussuscepted bowel in 15 young dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(4):313–316, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
167. Patsikas MN, Papazoglou LG, Papaioannou NG, Dessiris AK: Normal and abnormal ultrasonographic findings that mimic small intestinal intussusception in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40(2):147–151, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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172. Ralphs SC, Jessen CR, Lipowitz AJ: Risk factors for leakage following intestinal anastomosis in dogs and cats: 115 cases (1991–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223(1):73–77, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
173. Redaelli CA, Schilling MK, Büchler MW: Intraoperative laser Doppler flowmetry: a predictor of ischemic injury in acute mesenteric infarction. Dig Surg 15(1):55–59, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
174. Rendano VT Jr: Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract of small animals. Can Vet J 22(11):331– 334, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
175. Rochat MC, Lin J, Pope ER, et al: Comparison of the degree of abdominal adhesion formation associated with chromic catgut and polypropylene suture materials. Am J Vet Res 57(6):943–947, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
176. Rollins C, Rozanski EA, Laforcade A, et al: Traumatic mesenteric avulsion and subsequent septic peritonitis in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 11(3):211–215, 2001.
177. Roots C, Lord P: Linear radiolucent gastrointestinal foreign bodies in cats and dogs: their radiographic appearance. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 12: 45–53, 1971.
178. Rosenthal RE, Smith J, Walls RM, et al: Stab wounds to the abdomen: failure of blunt probing to predict peritoneal penetration. Ann Emerg Med 16(2):172–174, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
179. Rosin E: Small intestine-surgical disorders. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, Saunders, pp 744–752.
180. Ross WE, Pardo AD: Evaluation of an omental pedicle extension technique in the dog. Vet Surg 22(1):37–43, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
181. Runyon CL, Merkley DF, Hagemoser WA: Intussusception associated with a paracolonic enterocyst in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185(4):443, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
182. Rush JE: Therapy of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 28(6):1459–1479, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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186. Shealy PM, Henderson RA: Canine intestinal volvulus. A report of nine new cases. Vet Surg 21(1):15–19, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
187. Song F, Glenny AM: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [erratum appears in Br J Surg 86(2):280, 1999]. Br J Surg 85(9):1232–1241, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
188. Spencer CP, Ackerman N: Thoracic and abdominal radiography of the trauma patient. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 10(3):541–559, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
189. Sridhar R, Thanikachalam M, Manonar BM, Sundararaj A: Multiple intussusceptions in a puppy. Can Vet J 35(11):729, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
190. Staatz AJ, Monnet E, Seim HB 3rd: Open peritoneal drainage versus primary closure for the treatment of septic peritonitis in dogs and cats: 42 cases (1993–1999). Vet Surg 31(2):174–180, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
191. Suter PF, Olsson SE: The diagnosis of injuries to the intestines, gallbladder and bile ducts in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 11(9):575–584, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
192. Swift I: Ultrasonographic features of intestinal entrapment in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50(2):205–207, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
193. Tangner CH: A review of canine intestinal intussusception. Southwest Vet 34(3):203–207, 1982.
194. Thompson JS: Growth of neomucosa after intestinal resection. Arch Surg 122(3):316–319, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
195. Thompson JS: Surgical considerations in the short bowel syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176(1):89–101, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
196. Thompson JS, Quigley EM, Adrian TE: Effect of intestinal tapering and lengthening on intestinal structure and function. Am J Surg 169(1):111–119, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
197. Thompson JS, Quigley EM, Adrian TE: Factors affecting outcome following proximal and distal intestinal resection in the dog: an examination of the relative roles of mucosal adaptation, motility, luminal factors, and enteric peptides. Dig Dis Sci 44(1):63–74, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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201. Ullman SL: Surgical stapling of the small intestine. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 24(2):305– 322, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
202. Ullman SL, Pavletic MM, Clark GN: Open intestinal anastomosis with surgical stapling equipment in 24 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 20(6):385–391, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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207. Wallack ST, Hornof WJ, Herrgesell EJ: Ultrasonographic diagnosis—small bowel infarction in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(1):81–85, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
208. Washabau RJ: Gastrointestinal motility disorders and gastrointestinal prokinetic therapy. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 33(5):1007–1028, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
209. Washabau RJ, Holt DE: Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 530–552.
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217. Williams RD, Huang TT, Parks JP, Ohlms MT: Experimental comparison of lactated Ringer’s solution and plasma in the treatment of intestinal obstruction. Am J Surg 117(5):638–642, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
218. Wilson GP, Burt JK: Intussusception in the dog and cat: a review of 45 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 164(5):515–518, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
219. Wolfe DA: Recurrent intestinal intussusceptions in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 171(6):553–556, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
220. Wolfe DA, Meyer CW: Obstructing intestinal abscess in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166(5):518– 519, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
221. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15(1):27–32, 1986.
222. Wright JF, Berman E: Intestinal torsion in the cat. Feline Pract 3(5):42–43, 1973.
223. Wylie KB, Hosgood G: Mortality and morbidity of small and large intestinal surgery in dogs and cats: 74 cases (1980–1992). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30(5):469–474, 1994.
224. Yanoff SR, Willard MD: Short bowel syndrome in dogs and cats. Semin Vet Med Surg 4(3):226– 231, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
225. Yanoff SR, Willard MD, Boothe HW, Walker M: Short-bowel syndrome in four dogs. Vet Surg 21(3):217–222, 1992. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 93: Colon
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221. White RN: Surgical management of constipation. J Feline Med Surg 4:129, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
222. Williams FA Jr, Bright RM, Daniel GB, et al: The use of colonic irrigation to control fecal incontinence in dogs with colostomies. Vet Surg 28:348, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
223. Yamada K, Morimoto M, Kishimoto M, et al: Virtual endoscopy of dogs using multi-detector row CT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:318, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
224. Yoder JT, Dragstedt LR, Starch CJ: Partial colectomy for correction of megacolon in a cat. Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 63:1049, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
225. Yucesan S, Zorludemir U, Oclay I: Complete duplication of the colon. J Pediatr Surg 21:962, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
226. Zmora O, Mahajna A, Bar-Zakai B, et al: Colon and rectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg 237:363, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 94: Rectum, Anus, and Perineum
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329. Wilson GP, Hayes HM Jr: Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1301–1303, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
330. Wisselink MA, Willemse A, Koeman JP: Deep pyoderma in the German shepherd dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:773–776, 1985.
331. Whitebread TJ, Batt RN, Garthwaite G: Relative deficiency of serum IgA in the German shepherd dog: a breed abnormality. Res Vet Sci 37:350–352, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
332. Wooldridge JD, Gregory CR, Mathews LG, et al: Clinical evaluation of leflunomide alone, leflunomide and cyclosporine, and cyclosporine at varying dosages in the treatment of perianal fistula in dogs, personal communication.
333. Yoon HY, Mann FA: Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy for surgical management of caudal colonic and rectal masses in six dogs and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1016–1020, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 95: Liver and Biliary System
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156. Pain JA, Cahill CJ, Bailey ME: Perioperative complications in obstructive jaundice: therapeutic considerations. Br J Surg 72:942–945, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
157. Papazoglou LG, Mann FA, Wagner–Mann C, et al: Long-term survival of dogs after cholecystoenterostomy: a retrospective study of 15 cases (1981–2005). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:67–74, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
158. Pappalardo G, Correnti S, Mobarhan S, et al: Long-term results of roux-en-y hepaticojejunostomy and hepatico-jejunoduodenostomy. Ann Surg 196:149–152, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
159. Parchman MB, Flanders JA: Extrahepatic biliary tract rupture: evaluation of the relationship between the site of rupture and the cause of rupture in 15 dogs. Cornell Vet 80:267–273, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
160. Parker WG: Rupture of the common bile duct: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 8:328–330, 1972.
161. Parkin DM, Oshima H, Srivatanakul P, et al: Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2:537–544, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
162. Pastor J, Majo N, Arbona C: Sclerosing adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a cat. Vet Rec 140:367–368, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
163. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH, et al: Canine bile duct carcinoma. Vet Pathol 18:439–444, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
164. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH, et al: Canine hepatocellular carcinoma. Vet Pathol 18:427–438, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
165. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH: Canine hepatic neoplasms: a clinicopathological study. Vet Pathol 17:553–564, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
166. Patnaik AK, Lieberman PH, Erlandson RA, et al: Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinoma in cats: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 17 cases. Vet Pathol 42:331–337, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
167. Patnaik AK, Lieberman PH, Hurvitz AI, et al: Canine hepatic carcinoids. Vet Pathol 18:445–453, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
168. Patnaik AK, Liu S, Johnson GF: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the liver in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 17:365–370, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
169. Patnaik AK, Newman SJ, Scase T, et al: Canine hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Vet Pathol 42:140–146, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
170. Patnaik AK: A morphologic and immunocytochemical study of hepatic neoplasms in cats. Vet Pathol 29:405–425, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
171. Patnaik AK, Liu SK, Hurvitz AI, et al: Non-hematopoietic neoplasms in cats. J Natl Cancer Inst 54:855–860, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
172. Pike FS, Berg J, King NW, et al: Gall bladder mucocele in dogs: 30 cases (2000–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1615–1622, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
173. Pitt HA, Cameron JL, Postier RG, et al: Factors affecting mortality in biliary tract surgery. Am J Surg 141:66–72, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
174. Post G, Patnaik AK: Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1080–1082, 1992. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
175. Prasse KW, Bjorling DE, Holmes RA, et al: Indocyanine green clearance and ammonia tolerance in partially hepatectomized and hepatic devascularized anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res 44:2320–2323, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
176. Pringle JH: Notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage because of trauma. Ann Surg 48:541–549, 1908. PUBMED Abstract
177. Prins M, Schellens CJMM, van Leeuwen MW, et al: Coagulation disorders in dogs with hepatic disease. Vet J 185(2):163–168, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
178. Raffucci FL: The effects of temporary occlusion of the afferent hepatic circulation in dogs. Surgery 33:342–351, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
179. Rallis TS, Tontis D, Adamama-Moraitou KK, et al: Hepatic hemangioma associated with ascites in a dog. Vet Rec 142:700–701, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
180. Rassnick KM, Moore AS, Williams LE, et al: Treatment of canine mast cell tumors with CCNU (lomustine). J Vet Intern Med 13:601–605, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
181. Rassnick KM, Williams LE, Kristal O, et al: Lomustine for treatment of mast cell tumors in cats: 38 cases (1999–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1200–1205, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
182. Rassnick KM, Williams LE, Kristal O, et al: Lomustine for treatment of mast cell tumors in cats: 38 cases (1999–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1200–1205, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
183. Rawlings CA, Howerth EW: Obtaining quality biopsies of the liver and kidney. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:352–358, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
184. Rothuizen J, Twedt DC: Liver biopsy techniques. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 39:469–480, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
185. Saad WE, Ginat D: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography. Tech Vasc Intervent Radiol 11:74–89, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
186. Sato AF, Solano M: Radiographic diagnosis: liver lobe entrapment and associated emphysematous hepatitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:123–124, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
187. Schalm L, Schulte MJ, Bax HR, et al: The regenerative power of the liver and its reserve capacity for excreting bile; their possible significance in surgical treatment of biliary obstruction. Lancet 1:75, 1952. PUBMED Abstract
188. Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, Leveille-Webster C: Hepatic abscesses in 13 dogs: a review of the ultrasonographic findings, clinical data and therapeutic options. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:357– 365, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
189. Sergeeff JS, Armstrong PJ, Bunch SE: Hepatic abscesses in cats: 14 cases (1985–2002). J Vet Intern Med 18:295–300, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
190. Sewnath ME, Karsten TM, Prins MH, et al: A meta-analysis on the efficacy of pre-operative biliary drainage for tumors causing obstructive jaundice. Ann Surg 236:17–27, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
191. Shall WD, Chapman WL, Finco DR, et al: Cholelithiasis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:469– 472, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
192. Sichlau MJ: Regional therapy for hepatic malignancies. Appl Radiol Suppl 3–10, 1999. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
193. Singh M, Foster A, Marchevsky A, et al: Hepatic lobe torsion and gastric-dilation volvulus in a dog. Aust Vet Pract 32:174–178, 2002.
194. Singh M, Krockenberger M, Martin P, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma with secondary abscessation in a cat. Aust Vet J 12:736–739, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
195. Skorupski KA, Clifford CA, Paoloni MC, et al: CCNU for the treatment of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 21:121–126, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
196. Sleight DR, Thomford NR: Gross anatomy of the blood supply and biliary drainage of the canine liver. Anat Rec 166:153–160, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
197. Soulen MC: Multimodality image–guided therapy for liver tumors. Proceedings Society of Interventional Radiology Annual Meeting 14:P211–P217, 2003.
198. Spillmann T, Happonen I, Kahkonen T, et al: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in healthy beagles. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:97–104, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
199. Spillmann T, Happonen I, Sankari S, et al: Evaluation of serum values of pancreatic enzymes after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in dogs. Am J Vet Res 65:616–619, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
200. Starzl TE, Francavilla A, Porter KA, et al: The effect of splanchnic viscera removal upon canine liver regeneration. Surg Gynecol Obstet 147:193–207, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
201. Stewart HL, Lieber MM: Ligation of the common bile duct in the cat. Arch Pathol 19:34–36, 1935.
202. Swann HM, Brown DC: Hepatic lobe torsion in 3 dogs and a cat. Vet Surg 30:482–486, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
203. Szatmari V, Rothuizen J, van den Ingh TS, et al: Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:717–727, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
204. Szawlowski AW, Saint-Aubert B, Gouttebel MC, et al: Experimental model of extended repeated partial hepatectomy in the dog. Eur Surg Res 19:375–380, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
205. Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, et al: Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982– 1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:222–226, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
206. Tangner CH, Turrel JM, Hobson P: Complications associated with proximal duodenal resection and cholecystoduodenostomy in two cats. Vet Surg 11:60–64, 1982.
207. Thune A, Friman S, Conradi N, et al: Functional and morphological relationships between the feline main pancreatic and bile duct sphincters. Gastroenterology 98:758–765, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
208. Tobias KM: Surgical stapling devices in veterinary medicine: a review. Vet Surg 36:341–349, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
209. Topal A, Gul N, Ilcol Y, et al: Hepatic effects of halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs. J Vet Med 50:530–533, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
210. Trigo FJ, Thompson H, Breeze RG, et al: The pathology of liver tumors in the dog. J Comp Pathol 92:21–39, 1982. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
211. Trout NJ, Berg RJ, McMillan MC, et al: Surgical treatment of hepatobiliary cystadenomas in cats: five cases (1988–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:505–507, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
212. Van Gulik TM, de Graaf W, Dinant S, et al: Vascular occlusion techniques during liver resection. Dig Surg 24:274–281, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
213. Vasanjee SC, Bubenik LJ, Hosgood G, et al: Evaluation of hemorrhage, sample size, and collateral damage for five hepatic biopsy methods in dogs. Vet Surg 35:86–91, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
214. Von Pfeil DJF, Jutkowitz LA, Hauptman J: Left lateral and left middle liver lobe torsion in a saint Bernard puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:381–385, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
215. Voros K, Vrabely T, Papp L, et al: Correlation of ultrasonographic and pathomorphological findings in canine hepatic disease. J Sm Anim Pract 32:627–634, 1991.
216. Wagner KA, Hartmann FA, Trepanier LA: Bacterial culture results from liver, gallbladder, or bile in 248 dogs and cats evaluated for hepatobiliary disease: 1998–2003. J Vet Intern Med 21:417–424, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
217. Wakim KG, Mahour GH: Pathophysiological consequences of cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 133:113–125, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
218. Walter R, Dunn ME, d’Anjou MA, et al: Nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1688–1693, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
219. Walton RS: Severe liver disease. In Wingfield WE, Raffe MR, editors: The veterinary ICU book, ed 1, Jackson, WY, 2002, Teton New Media, pp 785–803.
220. Wang KY, Panciera DL, Al-Rukibat RK, et al: Accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the liver and cytologic findings in dogs and cats: 97 cases (1990–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:75–78, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
221. Wardle EN: Endotoxin and acute renal failure associated with obstructive jaundice. Br Med J 4:472–474, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
222. Wardle EN: Endotoxin and acute renal failure. Nephron 14:321–332, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
223. Watkins PE, Pearson H, Denny HR: Traumatic rupture of the bile duct in the dog: a report of seven cases. J Sm Anim Pract 24:731–740, 1983.
224. Weiss DJ, Gagne JM, Armstrong PJ, et al: Relationship between inflammatory hepatic disease and inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and nephritis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1/8/1900 5:11:00 PM 14–1116, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
225. Weisse C, Clifford CA, Holt D, et al: Percutaneous arterial embolization and chemoembolization for treatment of benign and malignant tumors in three dogs and a goat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1430–1436, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
226. Weisse C, Clifford CA, Holt D, et al: Percutaneous arterial embolization and chemoembolization for treatment of benign and malignant tumors in three dogs and a goat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1430–1436, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
227. Weisse C: Hepatic chemoembolization: a novel regional therapy. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 39:627–630, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
228. Wen Ding J, Andersson R, Soltesz V, et al: Obstructive jaundice impairs reticuloendothelial function and promotes bacterial translocation in the rat. J Surg Res 57:238–245, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
229. Wheaton LG, Greenshields RM, Myers K, et al: Evaluation of canine derived fibrin sealant as a hemostatic agent. Vet Surg 23:358–364, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
230. Wilbur BG, Gomez FC, Tompkins RK, et al: Canine gallbladder bile. Effects of proximal gastric vagotomy, truncal vagotomy and truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty on volume and composition. Arch Surg 110:792–796, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
231. Willard MD, Dunstan RW, Faulkner J: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gall bladder in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:925–928, 1988.
232. Wolf AM: Obstructive jaundice in a cat resulting from choledocholithiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:85–87, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
233. Worley DR, Hottinger HA, Lawrence HJ: Surgical management of gallbladder mucoceles in dogs: 22 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1418–1422, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
234. Wrigley RH, Reuter RE: Percutaneous cholecystography in normal dogs. Vet Rad 23:239–242, 1982.
235. Yokoyama Y, Nagino M, Nimura Y: Mechanisms of hepatic regeneration following portal vein embolization and partial hepatectomy: a review. World J Surg 31:367–374, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
236. Zatelli A, Bonfanti U, Zini E: Percutaneous drainage and alcoholization of hepatic abscesses in five dogs and a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:34–38, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
237. Zatelli A, D’Ippolito P, Bonfanti U, et al: Ultrasound-assisted drainage and alcoholization of hepatic and renal cysts: 22 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:112–116, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
238. Zeman RK, Taylor KJ, Rosenfield AT, et al: Acute experimental biliary obstruction in the dog; sonographic findings and clinical implications. Am J Roentgenol 136:965–967, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 96: Hepatic Vascular Anomalies
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70. Holford AL, Tobias KM, Bartges JW, et al: Adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone in dogs before and after surgical attenuation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt. J Vet Intern Med 22:832–838, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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91. Kierszenbaum AL: Digestive glands. In: Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2007, Mosby/Elsevier, pp 492–498.
92. Komtebedde J, Forsyth SF, Breznock EM, et al: Intrahepatic portosystemic venous anomaly in the dog. Perioperative management and complications. Vet Surg 20:37–42, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
93. Komtebedde J, Koblik PD, Breznock EM, et al: Long-term clinical outcome after partial ligation of single extrahepatic vascular anomalies in 20 dogs. Vet Surg 24:379–383, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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96. Kummeling A, Teske E, Tothuizen J, Van Sluijs FJ: Coagulation profiles in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts before and after surgical attenuation. J Vet Intern Med 20:1319–1326, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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99. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Jackson J: Evaluation of a portocaval venograft and ameroid ring for the occlusion of intrahepatic portocaval shunts in dogs. Vet Surg 30:161–169, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
100. Kyles AE, Hardie EM, Mehl M, et al: Evaluation of ameroid ring constrictors for the management of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in cats: 23 cases (1996–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1341, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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103. Lamb CR, Daniel GB: Diagnostic imaging of dogs with suspected portosystemic shunting. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:626, 2002.
104. Lamb CR, Forstr-van Hijfte MA, White RN, et al: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt in 14 cats. J Sm Anim Pract 37:205, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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178. Tobias KM, Byarlay JM, Henry RW: A new dissection technique for approach to right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: anatomical study and use in 3 dogs. Vet Surg 33:32–39, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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214. Yamanakak K: Effect of enterohepatic circulation on bile production in regenerating liver. Gastroenterol Jpn 11:285–292, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
215. Yool DA, Kirby BM: Neurological dysfunction in three dogs and one cat following attenuation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Sm Anim Pract 43:171–176, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
216. Youmans KR, Hunt GB: Cellophane banding for the gradual attenuation of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in eleven dogs. Aust Vet J 76:531–537, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
217. Zwingenberger A, Schwarz T, Saunders HM: Helical computed tomographic angiography of canine portosystemic shunts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(1):27, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 97: Pancreas
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1. Allen S, Cornelius L, Mahaffey E: A comparison of two methods of partial pancreatectomy in the dog. Vet Surg 18(4):274–278, 1989. PUBMED Abstract 2. Anderson JR, Cornell KK, Parnell NK, et al: Pancreatic abscess in 36 dogs: a retrospective analysis of prognostic indicators. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44(4):171–179, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
3. Barnes RF, Greenfield CL, Schaeffer DJ, et al: Comparison of biopsy samples obtained using standard endoscopic instruments and the harmonic scalpel during laparoscopic and laparoscopic- assisted surgery in normal dogs. Vet Surg 35(3):243–251, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bellah J: Surgical stapling of the spleen, pancreas, liver, and urogenital tract. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 24:375, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bellenger C, Ilkiw J, Malik R: Cystogastrostomy in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst/abscess in two dogs. Vet Rec 125:181, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bentrem D, Joehl R: Pancreas: healing response in critical illness. Crit Care Med 31(suppl):S582, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bradley E: A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg 128:586, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brooks D, Campbell K, Dennis J, et al: Pancreatic paraneoplastic alopecia in three cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:557, 1994.
9. Case R, Argent B: Pancreatic duct secretion: control and mechanisms of transport. In Go V, Dimagno E, Gardner J, et al, editors: The pancreas: biology, pathobiology and disease, ed 2, New York, 1993, Raven Press, p 301.
10. Cassutto BH, Gfeller RW: Use of intravenous lidocaine to prevent reperfusion injury and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 13:137–148, 2003.
11. Caywood D, Klausner J, Leary TO: Pancreatic insulin-secreting neoplasms: clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic features in 73 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:577, 1988.
12. Chey W: Hormonal control of pancreatic exocrine secretion. In Go V, Dimagno E, Gardner J, et al, editors: The pancreas: biology, pathobiology and disease, ed 2, New York, 1993, Raven Press, p 403.
13. Cobb L, Merrell R: Total pancreatectomy in dogs. J Surg Res 37:235, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
14. Cobb LF, Merrell RC: Total pancreatectomy in dogs. J Surg Res 37:235, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
15. Coleman M, Robson M: Pancreatic masses following pancreatitis: pancreatic pseudocysts, necrosis, and abscesses. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 27:147–154, 2005.
16. Cook A, Breitschwerdt E, Levine J, et al: Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:673, 1993. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
17. Cosford K, Carr A, Schmon C, et al: Evaluation of laparoscopic assisted pancreatic biopsies in 11 healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 22:813, 2008.
18. Edwards D: Pancreatic masses in seven dogs following acute pancreatitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:189, 1990.
19. Eloy R, Bouchet P, Clendinnen G, et al: New technique of total pancreatectomy without duodenectomy in the dog. Am J Surg 140:409, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
20. Elsasser HP, Adler G, Kern HF: Time course and cellular source of pancreatic regeneration following acute pancreatitis in the rat. Pancreas 1(5):421–429, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
21. Ferreri JA, Hardam E, Kimmel SE, et al: Clinical differentiation of acute necrotizing from chronic nonsuppurative pancreatitis in cats: 63 cases (1996–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223(4):469– 474, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
22. Forman M, Marks S, DeCock H, et al: Evaluation of serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and helical computed tomography versus conventional testing for the diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 18:807, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
23. Green R, Gartrell C: Gastrinoma: a retrospective study of four cases (1985–1995). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:524, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Harmoinen J, Saari S, Rinkinen M, et al: Evaluation of pancreatic forceps biopsy by laparoscopy in healthy beagles. Vet Ther 3:31, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
25. Hayakawa H, Kawarada Y, Mizumoto R, et al: Induction and involvement of endogenous IGF-1 in pancreas regeneration after partial pancreatectomy in the dog. J Endocrinol 149(2):259–267, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
26. Hecht S, Henry G: Sonographic evaluation of the normal and abnormal pancreas. Clin Tech Sm Anim Pract 22(3):115–221, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
27. Hess R: Insulin-secreting islet cell neoplasia. In Ettinger S, Feldman E, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, vol 2, ed 4, St Louis, 2010, Saunders Elsevier, pp 1779–1781.
28. Hess R, Saunders H, VanWinkle T: Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis: 70 cases (1986–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:665, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
29. Hines B, Salisbury S, Jakovljevic S, et al: Pancreatic pseudocyst associated with chronic-active necrotizing pancreatitis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32(2):147–152, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
30. Hughes SM: Canine gastrinoma: a case study and literature review of therapeutic options. N Z Vet J 54(5):242–247, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
31. Jerram RM, Warman CG, Davies ESS, et al: Successful treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst by omentalisation in a dog. N Z Vet J 52(4):197–201, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Johnson MD, Mann FA: Treatment for pancreatic abscesses via omentalization with abdominal closure versus open peritoneal drainage in dogs: 15 cases (1994–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228(3):397–402, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
33. Jubb K: The pancreas. In Jubb K, editor: Pathology of domestic animals, vol 5, San Diego, 2007, San Diego Academic Press. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Klempa I, Arnold W: Complications of acute pancreatitis: abscess and pseudocyst. Chir Gastroenterol 15:362, 1999.
35. Kruth S, Feldman E, Kennedy P: Insulin-secreting islet cell tumors: establishing a diagnosis and the clinical course for 25 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:54, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
36. Leese T, Holliday M, Watkins M, et al: A multicentre controlled clinical trial of high-volume fresh frozen plasma therapy in prognostically severe acute pancreatitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 74:214, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
37. Leifer C, Petterson M, Matus R: Insulin-secreting tumor: diagnosis and medical and surgical management in 55 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:60, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
38. Levy MM, Ketchum RJ, Tomaszewski JE, et al: Intrathymic islet transplantation in the canine: I. Histological and functional evidence of autologous intrathymic islet engraftment and survival in pancreatectomized recipients. Transplantation 73(6):842–852, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
39. Logan JC, Callan MB, Drew K, et al: Clinical indications for use of fresh frozen plasma in dogs: 74 dogs (October through December 1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(9):1449–1455, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
40. Lutz T, Rand J, Watt P, et al: Pancreatic biopsy in normal cats. Aust Vet J 71:223, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
41. Mai W, Cáceres AV: Dual phase computed tomographic angiography in three dogs with pancreatic insulinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:141, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
42. Marchevsky A, Yovich J, Wyatt K: Pancreatic pseudocyst causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog. Aust Vet J 78:99, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
43. Matthiesen D, Mullen H: Problems and complications associated with endocrine surgery in the dog and cat. Probl Vet Med 2:627, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
44. Mayhew P: Techniques for laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted biopsy of abdominal organs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:170–176, 2009.
45. Mix K, Jones C: Diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 28:226– 234, 2006.
46. Mizumoto R, Yano T, Sekoguchi T, et al: Resectability of the pancreas without producing diabetes, with special reference to pancreatic regeneration. Int J Pancreatol 1:185, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
47. Moore AS, Nelson RW, Henry CJ, et al: Streptozocin for treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors in dogs: 17 cases (1989–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221(6):811–818, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
48. Nielsen S, Bishop E: The duct system of the canine pancreas. Am J Vet Res 15:266, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
49. O’Brien T, Hayden D, OLeary T, et al: Canine pancreatic endocrine tumours; immunohistochemical analysis of hormone content and amyloid. Vet Pathol 24:308, 1987.
50. Papachristou DN, Fortner JG: Simple method of pancreatic transplantation in the dog. Am J Surg 139:344, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
51. Polton GA, White RN, Brearley MJ, et al: Improved survival in a retrospective cohort of 28 dogs with insulinoma. J Sm Anim Pract 48(3):151–156, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
52. Robben JH, Pollak YWEA, Kirpensteijn J, et al: Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection and localization of canine insulinoma. J Vet Intern Med 19(1):15–22, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
53. Rosin E, Campos R, Moberg AW, et al: Technique for total pancreatectomy of dog. Am J Vet Res 33:1299, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
54. Rutgers C, Herring D, Orton E: Pancreatic pseudocyst associated with pancreatitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:411, 1985.
55. Salinas A, Triebling A, Toth L, et al: The pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocysts: a canine experimental model. Am J Gastroenterol 80(2):126–131, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
56. Salisbury S, Lantz G, Nelson R: Pancreatic abscess in dogs: six cases (1978–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1104, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Schaer M: A clinicopathologic survey of acute pancreatitis in 30 dogs and 5 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:681, 1979.
58. Seaman RL: Exocrine pancreatic neoplasia in the cat: a case series. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40(3):238–245, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
59. Smith S, Biller D: Resolution of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog following percutaneous ultrasonographic-guided drainage. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:515, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
60. Steiner J: Canine pancreatitis. In Ettinger S, Feldman E, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, vol 2, ed 4, St Louis, 2010, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 1695–1703.
61. Steiner J, Newman S, Xenoulis P, et al: Sensitivity of serum markers for pancreatitis in dogs with macroscopic evidence of pancreatitis, Veterinary Therapeutics 9:263, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
62. Stimson E, Espada Y, Moon M, et al: Pancreatic abscesses in nine dogs. J Vet Intern Med 12:202, 1998.
63. Swift N, Marks S, MacLachalan N: Evaluation of serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:37, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
64. Tasker S, Griffon DJ, Nuttall TJ, et al: Resolution of paraneoplastic alopecia following surgical removal of a pancreatic carcinoma in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 40(1):16–19, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
65. Thompson LJ, Seshadri R, Raffe MR: Characteristics and outcomes in surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis: 37 dogs (2001–2007). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 19(2):165–173, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
66. Tobin R, Nelson R, Lucroy M: Outcome of surgical versus medical treatment of dogs with beta cell neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:226, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
67. Trifonidou M, Kirpenstein J, Robben J: A retrospective evaluation of 51 dogs with insulinoma. Vet Q 20(suppl):S115, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
68. VanEnkevort BA, O’Brien RT, Young KM: Pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 dogs and 2 cats: ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings. J Vet Intern Med 13(4):309–313, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
69. Vergine M, Pozzo S, Pogliani E, et al: Common bile duct obstruction due to a duodenal gastrinoma in a dog. Vet J 170(1):141–143, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
70. Washabau R: Feline pancreatitis. In Ettinger S, Feldman E, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, vol 2, ed 4, St Louis, 2010, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 1704–1710.
71. Webb CB, Trott C: Laparoscopic diagnosis of pancreatic disease in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 22(6):1263–1266, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
72. Weiss D, Gagne J, Armstrong P: Relationship between inflammatory hepatic disease and inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and nephritis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1114, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
73. Whittemore JC, Campbell VL: Canine and feline pancreatitis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 27:766–776, 2005.
74. Williams D: The pancreas. In Strombeck D, editor: Small animal gastroenterology, Philadelphia, 1996, Saunders, p 381.
75. Withrow S: Exocrine pancreatic cancer. In Withrow S, Vail D, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, vol 1, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 479–480.
76. Wolfsheimer K, Hedlund C, Pechman R: Pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog with chronic pancreatitis. Canine Pract 16:6, 1991.
77. Yokota T, Denham W, Murayama K, et al: Pancreatic stellate cell activation and MMP production in experimental pancreatic fibrosis. J Surg Res 104(2):106–111, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
78. Yotsumoto F, Manabe T, Ohshio G, et al: Role of pancreatic blood flow and vasoactive substances in the development of pancreatitis. J Surg Res 55:531, 1993. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 98: Feeding Tubes
REFERENCES
1. Abood SK, Buffington CA: Improved nasogastric intubation technique for administration of nutritional support in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199(5):577–579, 1991. PUBMED Abstract 2. Abood SK, Buffington CAT: Enteral feeding of dogs and cats: 51 cases (1989–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201(4):619–622, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
3. Armstrong PJ, Hand MS, Frederick GS: Enteral nutrition by tube. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 20(1):237–275, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
4. Armstrong PJ, Hardie EM: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A retrospective study of 54 clinical cases in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 4:202–206, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
5. Armstrong PJ, Merkel LK: Mechanical devices for percutaneous placement of gastrostomy tubes: use of Eld applicator. In Bonagura JD, editor: Kirk's current veterinary therapy XIII, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 84–87.
6. Bright RM: Use of percutaneous gastrostomy tubes and low-profile feeding devices. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, Baltimore, 1998, Williams &Wilkins, pp 170– 177.
7. Bright RM, Burrows CF: Percutaneous endoscopic tube gastrostomy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 49(5):629–633, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
8. Bright RM, DeNovo RC, Jones JB: Use of a low-profile gastrostomy device for administering nutrients in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207(9):1184–1186, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bright RM, Okrasinski EB, Pardo AD, et al: Percutaneous tube gastrostomy for enteral alimentation in small animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 13(1):15–22, 1991.
10. Campbell SJ, Marks SL, Yoshimoto SK, et al: Complications and outcomes of one-step low- profile gastrostomy devices for long-term enteral feeding in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:197–206, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cavanaugh RP, Kovak JR, Fischetti AJ, et al: Evaluation of surgically placed gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes in critically ill dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(3):380–388, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
12. Clary EM, Hardie EM, Fischer WD, Kyles AE: Nonendoscopic antegrade percutaneous gastrostomy: the effect of preplacement gastric insufflation on tube position and intra-abdominal anatomy. J Vet Intern Med 10:15–20, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
13. Crane SW: Placement and maintenance of a temporary feeding tube gastrostomy in the dog and cat. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11(10):770–776, 1980.
14. Crowe DT: Clinical use of an indwelling nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition and fluid therapy in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:675–682, 1986.
15. Crowe DT: Enteral nutrition for critically ill or injured patients—part I. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 8(9):603–612, 1986.
16. Crowe DT: Enteral nutrition for critically ill or injured patients—part II. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 8(10):719–732, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
17. Crowe DT: Nutritional support for the hospitalized patient: an introduction to tube feeding. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 12(12):1711–1720, 1990.
18. Crowe DT, Devey JJ: Clinical experience with jejunostomy feeding tubes in 47 small animal patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 7(1):7–19, 1997.
19. Crowe DT, Devey JJ: Esophagostomy tubes for feeding and decompression: clinical experience in 29 small animal patients. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:393–403, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
20. Crowe DT, Downs MO: Pharyngostomy complications in dogs and cats and recommended technical modifications: experimental and clinical investigations. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:493– 502, 1986.
21. Daye RM, Huber ML, Henderson RA: Interlocking box jejunostomy: a new technique for enteral feeding. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:129–134, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
22. DeBowes LJ, Coyne B, Layton CE: Comparison of French-Pezzar and Malecot catheters for percutaneously placed gastrostomy tubes in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(12):1963–1965, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
23. Devitt CM, Seim HB: Clinical evaluation of tube esophagostomy in small animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:55–60, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Elliott DA, Riel DL, Rogers QR: Complications and outcomes associated with use of gastrostomy tubes for nutritional management of dogs with renal failure: 56 cases (1994–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217(9):1337–1342, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
25. Fulton RB, Dennis JS: Blind percutaneous placement of a gastrostomy tube for nutritional support in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201(5):697–700, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
26. Glaus TM, Cornelius LM, Bartges JW, Reusch C: Complications with non-endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy in 31 cats and 10 dogs: a retrospective study. J Sm Anim Pract 39:218–222, 1998.
27. Hardie EM, Armstrong PJ: Development of a gastro-jejunal tube for the dog. J Nutr 121(suppl):S154, 1991.
28. Jennings M, Center SA, Barr SC, Brandes D: Successful treatment of feline pancreatitis using an endoscopically placed gastrojejunostomy tube. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:145–152, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Lantz GC, Cantwell HD, Van Vleet JF, et al: Pharyngostomy tube induced esophagitis in the dog: an experimental study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:207–212, 1983.
30. Levine PB, Smallwood LJ, Buback JL: Esophagostomy tubes as a method of nutritional management in cats: a retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:405–410, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
31. Marks SL: The principles and practical application of enteral nutrition. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 28(3):677–708, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
32. Mason NJ, Michel KE: Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum after gastrostomy tube placement in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216(7):1096–1099, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
33. Mathews KA, Binnington AG: Percutaneous incisionless placement of a gastrostomy tube utilizing a gastroscope: preliminary observations. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:601–610, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Mauterer JV Jr, Abood SK, Buffington CA, Smeak DD: New technique and management guidelines for percutaneous nonendoscopic tube gastrostomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(4):574– 579, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
35. McCrackin MA, DeNovo RC, Bright RM, Toal RL: Endoscopic placement of a percutaneous gastroduodenostomy feeding tube in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203(6):792–796, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
36. Mohr AJ, Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS, et al: Effect of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 17:791–798, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
37. Novo RE, Churchill J, Faudskar L, Lipowitz AJ: Limited approach to the right flank for placement of a duodenostomy tube. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:193–199, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
38. Orton EC: Enteral hyperalimentation administered via needle catheter-jejunostoma as an adjunct to cranial abdominal surgery in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188(12):1406–1411, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
39. O'Toole E, Miller CW, Wilson BA, et al: Comparison of the standard predictive equation for calculation of resting energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry in hospitalized and healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225(1):58–64, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
40. Rawlings CA: Percutaneous placement of a midcervical esophagostomy tube: new technique and representative cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:526–530, 1993.
41. Remillard RL, Darden DE, Michel KE, et al: An investigation of the relationship between caloric intake and outcome in hospitalized dogs. Vet Ther 2(4):301–310, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
42. Salinardi BJ, Harkin KR, Bulmer BJ, Roush JK: Comparison of complications of percutaneous endoscopic versus surgically placed gastrostomy tubes in 42 dogs and 52 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:51–56, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
43. Seaman R, Legendre AM: Owner experiences with home use of a gastrostomy tube in their dog or cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212(10):1576–1578, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
44. Seim HB, Willard M: Postoperative care of the surgical patient. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St Louis, 1997, Mosby, pp 64–85.
45. Smeak DD: The Chinese finger trap suture technique for fastening tubes and catheters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:215–218, 1990.
46. Smith SA, Ludlow CL, Hoskinson JJ, et al: Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastric emptying in clinically normal cats. Am J Vet Res 59:1414–1416, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
47. Stevenson MAM, Stiffler KS, Schmiedt CW: One-step placement of a percutaneous nonendoscopic low-profile gastrostomy port in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217(11):1636–1641, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
48. Swann HM, Sweet DC, Michel K: Complications associated with use of jejunostomy tubes in dogs and cats: 40 cases (1989–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210(12):1764–1767, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
49. Swann HM, Sweet DC, Holt DE, Michel K: Placement of a low-profile duodenostomy and jejunostomy device in five dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 39:191–194, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. von Werthern CJ, Wess G: A new technique for insertion of esophagostomy tubes in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:140–144, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION VIII: Respiratory System Chapter 99: Nasal Planum, Nasal Cavity, and Sinuses
REFERENCES
1. Adams DR, Deyoung DW, Griffith R: The lateral nasal gland of dog—its structure and secretory content. J Anat 132:29–37, 1981. PUBMED Abstract 2. Adams WM, Withrow SJ, Walshaw R, et al: Radiotherapy of malignant nasal tumors in 67 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191(3):311–315, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
3. Adams WM, Bjorling DE, McAnulty JE, et al: Outcome of accelerated radiotherapy alone or accelerated radiotherapy followed by exenteration of the nasal cavity in dogs with intranasal neoplasia: 53 cases (1990–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(6):936–941, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
4. Adams WM, Kleiter MM, Thrall DE, et al: Prognostic significance of tumor histology and computed tomographic staging for radiation treatment response of canine nasal tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50(3):330–335, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
5. Allen HS, Broussard J, Noone K: Nasopharyngeal diseases in cats: a retrospective study of 53 cases (1991–1998). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35(6):457–461, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
6. Anderson DM, Robinson RK, White RA: Management of inflammatory polyps in 37 cats. Vet Rec 147(24):684–687, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
7. Anderson GI: The treatment of chronic sinusitis in six cats by ethmoid conchal curettage and autogenous fat graft sinus ablation. Vet Surg 16(2):131–134, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
8. Aron DN, Crowe DT: Upper airway obstruction. General principles and selected conditions in the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 15(5):891–917, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
9. Baker G: Nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. Vet Rec 111(2):43, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
10. Barachetti L, Mortellaro CM, Di Giancamillo M, et al: Bilateral orbital and nasal aspergillosis in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 12(3):176–182, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
11. Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Swinney GR, et al: Peripheral vestibular disease associated with cryptococcosis in three cats. J Feline Med Surg 2(1):29–34, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
12. Beck JA, Hunt GB, Goldsmid SE, Swinney GR: Nasopharyngeal obstruction due to cystic Rathke’s clefts in two dogs. Aust Vet J 77(2):94–96, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
13. Bedford PGC: Origin of the nasopharyngeal polyp in the cat. Vet Rec 110:541–542, 1982.
14. Berent AC, Kinns J, Weisse C: Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(3):385–388, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Berent AC, Weisse C, Todd K, et al: Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs and cats: six cases (2005–2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233(9):1432–1440, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
16. Bexfield NH, Stell AJ, Gear RN, Dobson JM: Photodynamic therapy of superficial nasal planum squamous cell carcinomas in cats: 55 cases. J Vet Intern Med 22(6):1385–1389, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
17. Billen F, Day MJ, Clercx C: Diagnosis of pharyngeal disorders in dogs: a retrospective study of 67 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 47(3):122–129, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
18. Birchard SJ: A simplified method for rhinotomy and temporary rhinostomy in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24(1):69–72, 1988.
19. Bissonnette KW, Sharp NJH, Dykstra MH, et al: Nasal and retrobulbar mass in a cat caused by Pythium-insidiosum. J Med Vet Mycol 29(1):39–44, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
20. Boswood A, Lamb CR, Brockman DJ, et al: Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(1):53–55, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
21. Bowman DD, Georgi JR: Georgis’ parasitology for veterinarians, ed 9, St Louis, 2009, Saunders/Elsevier. PUBMED Abstract
22. Bradley RL, Noone KE, Saunders GK, Patnaik AK: Nasopharyngeal and middle ear polypoid masses in five cats. Vet Surg 14(2):141–144, 1985.
23. Bredal WP: Pneumonyssoides caninum infection—a risk factor for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. Vet Res Commun 22(4):225–231, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Bright RM, Thacker HL, Brunner RD: Fate of autogenous fat implants in the frontal sinuses of cats. Am J Vet Res 44(1):22–27, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
25. Brownlie SE, Bedford PGC: Nasopharyngeal polyp in a kitten. Vet Rec 117(25/26):668–669, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
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48. Fingland RB, Gratzek A, Vorhies MW, Kirpensteijn J: Nasopharyngeal polyp in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29(4):311–314, 1993.
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67. Hargis AM, Ihrke PJ, Spangler WL, Stannard AA: A retrospective clinicopathologic study of 212 dogs with cutaneous hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Vet Pathol 29(4):316–328, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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114. Mathews KG, Davidson AP, Koblik PD, et al: Comparison of topical administration of clotrimazole through surgically placed versus nonsurgically placed catheters for treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs: 60 cases (1990–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213(4):501, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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172. Thrall DE: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier.
173. Tomsa K, Glaus TA, Zimmer C, Greene CE: Fungal rhinitis and sinusitis in three cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222(10):1380–1384, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
174. Torres SMF, Brien TO, Scott DW: Dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum in a Giant Schnauzer and three Saint Bernard dogs. Vet Dermatol 13(5):275–281, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
175. Torrez CV, Hunt GB: Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia. J Sm Anim Pract 47(3):150– 154, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
176. Trader R: Nose operation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 114:210–211, 1949.
177. Tromblee TC, Jones JC, Etue AE, Forrester SD: Association between clinical characteristics, computed tomography characteristics, and histologic diagnosis for cats with sinonasal disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47(3):241–248, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
178. Tyler JW: Endoscopic retrieval of a large, nasopharyngeal foreign body. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(6):513–516, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
179. Tyler JW: Endoscopic retrieval of a large, nasopharyngeal foreign body. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(6):513–516, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
180. Veir JK, Lappin MR, Foley JE, Getzy DM: Feline inflammatory polyps: historical, clinical, and PCR findings for feline calicivirus and feline herpes virus-1 in 28 cases. J Feline Med Surg 4(4):195– 199, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
181. Wada T, Kremenak CR, Miyazaki T: Midfacial growth effects of surgical trauma to the area of the vomer in beagles. J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 20:241–276, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
182. Wehner A, Crochik S, Howerth EW, Koenig A: Diagnosis and treatment of blastomycosis affecting the nose and nasopharynx of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 233(7):1112–1116, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
183. White S: Diseases of the nasal planum. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 24(5):887–895, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
184. Whittaker CJG, Dill-Macky E, Hodgson DR: Nasopharyngeal polyp in a cat. Aust Vet Pract 24(1):8–10, 1994.
185. Wiemelt SP, Goldschmidt MH, Greek JS, et al: A retrospective study comparing the histopathological features and response to treatment in two canine nasal dermatoses, DLE and MCP. Vet Dermato 15(6):341–348, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
186. Willard MD, Radlinsky MA: Endoscopic examination of the choanae in dogs and cats: 118 cases (1988–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215(9):1301–1305, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
187. Willis AM, Martin CL, Stiles J: Sino-orbital aspergillosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214(11):1644–1647, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
188. Wills SJ, Arrese M, Torrance A, et al: Pneumonyssoides species infestation in two Pekingese dogs in the UK. J Sm Anim Pract 49(2):107–109, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
189. Windsor RC, Johnson LR, Herrgesell EJ, De Cock HEV: Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs: 37 cases (1997–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224(12): 1952–1957, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
190. Windsor RC, Johnson LR: Canine chronic inflammatory rhinitis. Clin Tech Sm Anim Pract 21(2):76–81, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
191. Windsor RC, Johnson LR, Sykes JE, et al: Molecular detection of microbes in nasal tissue of dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. J Vet Intern Med 20(2):250–256, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
192. Withrow S: Tumors of the respiratory system. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology, vol 1, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, pp 511–539.
193. Withrow SJ, Straw RC: Resection of the nasal planum in nine cats and five dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26(2):219–222, 1990.
194. Withrow SJ, Vail DM: Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier.
195. Yoon JH, Feeney DA, Jessen CR, Walter PA: External-beam Co-60 radiotherapy for canine nasal tumors: a comparison of survival by treatment protocol. Res Vet Sci 84(1):140–149, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
196. Zonderland JL, Stork CK, Saunders JH, et al: Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221(10):1421–1425, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 100: Palate
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30. Harvey CE, Fink EA: Tracheal diameter: analysis of radiographic measurements in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:570, 1982.
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32. Hendricks JC, Petrof BJ, Panckeri K, et al: Upper airway dilating muscle hyperactivity during non- rapid eye movement sleep in English bulldogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:185, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
33. Hobson HP, Heller RA, Wilson JB: Use of a removable maxillary appliance to correct a palatal defect in a dog. Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 66:1085, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
34. Howard DR, Davis DG, Merkley DF, et al: Mucoperiosteal flap technique for cleft palate repair in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 165:352, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
35. Howard DR, Merkley DF, Lammerding LJ, et al: Primary cleft palate (harelip) and closure repair in puppies. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:636, 1976.
36. Ishikawa Y, Goris RC, Nagaoka K: Use of a cortico-cancellous bone graft in the repair of a cleft palate in a dog. Vet Surg 23:201, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. Kamal RS, Agha S: Acute pulmonary oedema. A complication of upper airway obstruction. Anesthesia 39:464, 1984. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
38. Kerr L: Pulmonary edema secondary to upper airway obstruction in dogs: a review of nine cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:207, 1989.
39. Kirby BM, Bjorling DE, Mixter RC: Surgical repair of a cleft lip in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:683, 1988.
40. Lanz OI: Free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis myoperitoneal flap for oral reconstruction in a dog. J Vet Dent 18:187, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Lee JI, Kim YS, Kim MJ, et al: Application of a temporary palatal prosthesis in a puppy suffering from cleft palate. J Vet Sci 7:93, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Lee KWT, Downes JJ: Pulmonary edema secondary to laryngospasm in children. Anesthesiology 59:349, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
43. Leonard HC: Collapse of the larynx and adjacent structures in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 137:360, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
44. Lorinson D, Bright RM, White RAS: Brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome: a review of 118 cases. Canine Pract 22:18, 1997.
45. Love S, Waterman AE, Lane JG: The assessment of corrective surgery for canine laryngeal paralysis by blood gas analysis: a review of 35 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 28:597, 1987.
46. Marretta SM, Grove TK, Grillo JF: Split palatal U-flap: a new technique for repair of caudal hard palate defects. J Vet Dent 8(1):5, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
47. Marretta SM, Smith MM: Single mucoperiosteal flap for oronasal fistula repair. J Vet Dent 22:200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
48. McGeady TA, Quinn PJ, FitzPatrick ES, et al: Veterinary embryology, Oxford, 2006, Blackwell Publishing.
49. Melfi RC, Alley KE: Permar’s oral embryology and microscopic anatomy, ed 10, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
50. Milic-Emili J, Zin WA: Breathing responses to imposed mechanical loads. In Fishman AP, Cherniack AP, Widdicombe JG, editors: Handbook of physiology: the respiratory system, vol II, Baltimore, 1986, Williams and Wilkins, p 760.
51. Miller AJ: Neurophysiologic basis of swallowing. Dysphagia 8:185, 1986.
52. Oechtering TH, Oechtering GU, Noller C: Structural characteristics of the nose in brachycephalic dog breeds analyzed by computed tomography. Tierarztliche Praxis 35:177, 2007.
53. Ohnishi T, Ogura JH: Partitioning of pulmonary resistance in the dog. Laryngoscope 79:1847, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
54. Petrof BJ, Pack AI, Kelly AM, et al: Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 76:1746, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
55. Poncet CM, Dupre GP, Freiche VG, et al: Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 47:137, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
56. Reiter AM: High-rise syndrome. In Cote E, editor: Clinical veterinary advisor, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, p 518. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
57. Reiter AM: How to make a palatal obturator. Proc Annu Vet Dent Forum 19:9, 2005.
58. Reiter AM, Smith MM: The oral cavity and oropharynx. In Brockman DJ, Holt DE, editors: BSAVA manual of canine and feline head, neck and thoracic surgery, Gloucester, 2005, BSAVA, p 25.
59. Riecks TW, Birchard SJ, Stephens JA: Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
60. Robertson JJ, Dean PW: Repair of a traumatically induced oronasal fistula in a cat with a rostral tongue flap. Vet Surg 16:164, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
61. Rodenstein DO, Stanescu DC: Soft palate and oronasal breathing in humans. J Appl Physiol 57:651, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
62. Sager M, Nefen S: Use of buccal mucosal flaps for the correction of congenital soft palate defects in three dogs. Vet Surg 27:358, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
63. Salisbury SK, Richardson DC: Partial maxillectomy for oronasal fistula repair in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:185, 1986.
64. Schotland HM, Insko EK, Panckeri KA, et al: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airway musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 81:1339, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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66. Senders CW, Eisele P, Freeman LE, et al: Observations about the normal and abnormal embryogenesis of the canine lip and palate. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 2:241, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
67. Singleton WB: Partial velum palatiectomy for the relief of dyspnea in brachycephalic breeds. J Sm Anim Pract 3:215, 1962.
68. Sivacolundhu RK: Use of local and axial pattern flaps for reconstruction of the hard and soft palate. Clin Tech Sm Anim Pract 22:61, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
69. Smith MM: Island palatal mucoperiosteal flap for repair of oronasal fistulae in a dog. J Vet Dent 18:127, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
70. Smith MM: Oronasal fistula repair. Clin Tech Sm Anim Pract 15:243, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
71. Smith MM, Rockhill AD: Prosthodontic appliance for repair of an oronasal fistula in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1410, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
72. Soukup JW, Snyder CJ, Gengler WR: Free auricular cartilage autograft for repair of an oronasal fistula in a dog. J Vet Dent 26:86, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
73. Souza HJM, Amorim FV, Corgozinho KB, et al: Management of the traumatic oronasal fistula in the cat with a conical silastic prosthetic device. J Feline Med Surg 7:129, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
74. Sylvestre AM, Sharma A: Management of a congenitally shortened soft palate in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:875, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
75. Thoday KL, Charlton DA, Graham-Jones O, et al: The successful use of a prosthesis in the correction of a palatal defect in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 16:487, 1975. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
76. Tholen MA, Johnson J: Surgical repair of the oronasal fistula. Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 78:1733, 1983.
77. Torrez CV, Hunt GB: Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia. J Sm Anim Pract 47:150, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
78. Van de Wetering A: Repair of an oronasal fistula using a double flap technique. J Vet Dent 22:243, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
79. Van der Touw T, O’Neill N, Amis T, et al: Soft palate muscle activity in response to hypoxic hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol 77:2600, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
80. Van der Touw T, O’Neill N, Brancatisano T, et al: Respiratory-related activity of soft palate muscles: augmentation by negative upper airway pressure. J Appl Physiol 76:424, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
81. Venker-van Haagen AJ: Ear, nose, throat, and tracheobronchial diseases in dogs and cats, Hannover, 2005, Schlutersche Verlagsgesellschaft mBH & Co.
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83. Warzee CC, Bellah TR, Richards D: Congenital unilateral cleft of the soft palate in six dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 42:338, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
84. Weissman C, Damask MC, Yang J: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following laryngeal obstruction. Anesthesiology 60:163, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
85. White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, et al: Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 50:34, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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87. Younes M: Mechanisms of respiratory load compensation. In Dempsey JA, Pack AI, editors: Regulation of breathing, ed 2, New York, 1995, Marcel Dekker. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 101: Larynx
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26. Eliachar I, Roberts JK, Hayes JD, et al: Laryngotracheal reconstruction: sternohyoid myocutaneous rotary door flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113:1094–1097, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Flanders JA, Thompson MS: Dyspnea caused by epiglottic retroversion in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:1330, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
30. Francis KA, Goggin JM, Hoskinson JJ: Imaging diagnosis: laryngeal collapse due to cricoid cartilage fracture. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:360, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
31. Gaber CE, Amis TC, LeCouteur RA: Laryngeal paralysis in dogs: a review of 23 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:377–380, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gabriel A, Poncelet L, van Ham L, et al: Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young related Pyrenean mountain dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 47:144, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gaynor AR, Shofer FS, Washabau RJ: Risk factors for acquired megaesophagus in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1406–1412, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
34. Ginn JA, Kumar MSA, McKiernan BC: Nasopharyngeal turbinates in brachycephalic dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:243, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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36. Greenberg MJ, Bureau S, Monnet E: Effects of suture tension during unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization on canine laryngeal resistance in vitro. Vet Surg 36:526–532, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
37. Greenfield CL: Canine laryngeal paralysis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 9:1011–1017, 1987.
38. Greenfield CL, Walshaw R, Kumar K, et al: Neuromuscular pedicle graft for restoration of arytenoid abductor function in dogs with experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia. Am J Vet Res 49:1360, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
39. Griffiths LG, Sullivan M, Reid SWJ: A comparison of the effects of unilateral thyroarytenoid lateralization versus cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty on the area of the rima glottidis and clinical outcome in dogs with laryngeal paralysis. Vet Surg 30:359–365, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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42. Hardie EM, Kolata RJ, Stone EA, Steiss JE: Laryngeal paralysis in three cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 179:879–882, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
43. Hardie RJ, Gunby J, Bjorling DE. Arytenoid lateralization for treatment of laryngeal paralysis in 10 cats. Vet Surg 38:445, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
44. Harvey CE: Partial laryngectomy in the dog. I: healing and swallowing function in normal dogs. Vet Surg 12:192, 1983.
45. Harvey CE: Partial laryngectomy in the dog. II: immediate increase in glottic area obtained and compared with other laryngeal surgical procedures. Vet Surg 12:197, 1983.
46. Harvey CE: Review of results of airway obstruction surgery in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 24:555, 1983.
47. Harvey CE: Upper airway obstruction surgery. 4. Partial laryngectomy in brachycephalic dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:548–550, 1982.
48. Harvey CE, O’Brien JA: Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by partial laryngectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:551–556, 1982.
49. Harvey CE, Venker-von Haagan A: Surgical management of pharyngeal and laryngeal airway obstruction in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 5:515–535, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
50. Hayes AM, Gregory SP, Murphy S, et al: Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the canine larynx. J Sm Anim Pract 48:288–291, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
51. Henderson RA, Powers RD, Perry L: Development of hypoparathyroidism after excision of laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:639–643, 1991. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
52. Henrikson DM: Technique of devocalizing dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155:21, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
53. Holt D, Harvey C: Glottic stenosis secondary to vocal fold resection: results of scar removal and corticosteroid treatment in nine dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:396–400, 1994.
54. Holt D, Harvey C: Idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: results of treatment by bilateral vocal fold resection in 40 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:389–395, 1994.
55. Jackson AM, Tobias K, Long C, et al: Effects of various anesthetic agents on laryngeal motion during laryngoscopy in normal dogs. Vet Surg 33:102–106, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Jaggy A, Oliver JE: Neurologic manifestations of thyroid disease. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 24:487–494, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
57. Jaggy A, Oliver JE, Ferguson DC, et al: Neurological manifestations of hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of 29 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 8:328–336, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
58. Jakubiak ML, Siedlecki CT, Zengser E, et al: Laryngeal, laryngotracheal, and tracheal masses in cats: 27 cases (1998–2003). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:310, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
59. Janssens LAA: Devocalization of dogs: a new technique. Vet Surg 15:375–377, 1986.
60. Jeffrey ND, Talbot CE, Smith PM, et al: Acquired idiopathic laryngeal paralysis as a prominent feature of generalized neuromuscular disease in 39 dogs. Vet Rec 158:17, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
61. Klein MK, Powers BE, Withrow SJ, et al: Treatment of thyroid carcinoma in dogs by surgical resection alone: 20 cases (1981–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:1007–1009, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
62. Kuehn NF: Diagnostic methods for upper airway disease. Semin Vet Med Surg Sm Anim 10:70– 76, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
63. LaHue TR: Laryngeal paralysis. Semin Vet Med Surg Sm Anim 10:94–100, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
64. LaHue TR: Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by unilateral cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:317–324, 1989.
65. Lane JG: Canine laryngeal surgery. Vet Annu 18:239, 1978.
66. Leonard HC: Entrapment of the epiglottis. Compan Anim Pract 19:16, 1989.
67. Lorenz M: Handbook of veterinary neurology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders.
68. Lorison D, Bright RM, White RAS: Brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome—a review of 118 cases. Canine Pract 22:18, 1997.
69. Lozier S, Pope E: Effects of arytenoid abduction and modified castellated laryngofissure on the rima glottidis in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 21:195–200, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
70. Lussier B, Flanders JA, Erb HN: The effect of unilateral arytenoid lateralization on rima glottidis area in canine cadaver larynges. Vet Surg 25:121–126, 1996. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
71. MacPhail CM, Monnet E: Outcome of and postoperative complications in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis: 140 cases (1985–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1949–1956, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
72. Mahony OM, Knowles KE, Braund KG, et al: Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young Rottweilers. J Vet Intern Med 12:330–337, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
73. Mallery KF, Pollard RE, Nelson RW, et al: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency heat ablation for treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1602–1607, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
74. Marlow B: Techniques for devocalizing small animals (a review). Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 66:129, 1971.
75. Mathias D: Skin and homograft cartilage reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol 101:301–304, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
76. McConnell EE, Smit JD, Venter HJ: Melanoma in the larynx of a dog. J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 42:189–191, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
77. Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Pypendop BH, et al: Outcome of laryngeal web resection with mucosal apposition for treatment of airway obstruction in dogs: 15 cases (1992–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:738–742, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
78. Millard RP, Tobias KM: Laryngeal paralysis in dogs. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:212, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
79. Miller CJ, McKiernan BC, Pace J, Fettman MJ: The effects of doxapram hydrochloride (Dopram- V) on laryngeal function in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 16:524–528, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
80. Neer TM, Zeman D: Tracheal adenocarcinoma in a cat and review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:377–380, 1987.
81. Nelson AW: Laryngeal trauma and stenosis. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 845.
82. O’Brien JA, Hendriks J: Inherited laryngeal paralysis. Analysis in the husky cross. Vet Q 8:301– 302, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
83. Oechtering GU, Hueber JP, Noeller C: Selected laryngeal problems: vocal fold granulomas. Proc North Am Vet Conf 22:1548, 2008.
84. O’Hara AJ, McConnell M, Wyatt K, Huxtable C: Laryngeal rhabdomyoma in a dog. Aust Vet J 79:817–821, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
85. Olivieri M, Voghera SG, Fossum TW: Video-assisted left partial arytnoidectomy by diode laser photoablation for treatment of canine laryngeal paralysis. Vet Surg 38:439, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
86. Pass DA, Huxtable CR, Cooper BJ, et al: Canine laryngeal oncocytomas. Vet Pathol 17:672–677, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
87. Peppler C, Hubler C, Kramer M: Bite injury in the neck in dogs. Retrospective study on extern, diagnostic and therapy options. Tierarztliche Praxis 37:75, 2009.
88. Petersen SW, Rosin E, Bjorling DE: Surgical options for laryngeal paralysis in dogs: a consideration of partial laryngectomy. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 13:1531–1540, 1991. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
89. Peterson KL, Graves M, Berke GS, et al: Role of motor unit number estimate electromyography in experimental canine laryngeal reinnervation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121:180–184, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
90. Pink JJ, Doyle RS, Hughes JML, et al: Laryngeal collapse in seven brachycephalic puppies. J Sm Anim Pract 47:131–135, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
91. Poncet CM, Dupre GP, Freiche VG, et al: Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 47:137, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
92. Poncet CM, Dupre GP, Freiche VG, et al: Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory syndrome. J Sm Anim Pract 46:273–279, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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94. Riecks TW, Birchard SJ, Stephens JA: Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
95. Rosin E, Greenwood K: Bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization for laryngeal paralysis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:515, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
96. Ross JT, Matthiesen DT, Noone KE, Scavelli TD: Complications and long-term results after partial laryngectomy for the treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in 45 dogs. Vet Surg 20:169–173, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
97. Rossi G, Tarantino C, Taccini E, et al: Granular cell tumour affecting the left vocal cord in a dog. J Comp Pathol 136:74–78, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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99. Rudorf H, Barr FJ, Lane JG: The role of ultrasound in the assessment of laryngeal paralysis in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:338–343, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
100. Saik JE, Toll SL, Diters RW, Goldschmidt MH: Canine and feline laryngeal neoplasia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:359–365, 1986.
101. Salisbury SK, Forbes S, Blevins WE: Peritracheal abscess associated with tracheal collapse and bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1273–1275, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
102. Sato F, Ogura JH: Functional restoration for recurrent laryngeal paralysis: an experimental study. Laryngoscope 88:855–871, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
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104. Schofield DM, Norris J, Sadanaga KK: Bilateral thyroarytenoid cartilage lateralization and vocal fold excision with mucosoplasty for treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: 67 dogs (1998– 2005). Vet Surg 36:519–525, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
105. Slensky KA, Volk SW, Schwarz T, et al: Acute severe hemorrhage secondary to arterial invasion in a dog with thyroid carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:649–653, 636, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
106. Smith MM, Gourley IM, Kurpershoek CJ, Amis TC: Evaluation of a modified castellated laryngofissure for alleviation of upper airway obstruction in dogs with laryngeal paralysis [published erratum appears in J Am Vet Med Assoc 189(3):304, 1986]. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:1279–1283, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
107. Snelling SR, Edward GA: A retrospective study of unilateral arytenoid lateralization in the treatment of laryngeal paralysis in 100 dogs (1992–2000). Aust Vet J 81:464, 2003.
108. Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, Fritz MC, et al: Esophageal dysfunction in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: a controlled cohort study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 46:86, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
109. Stann SE, Bauer TG: Respiratory tract tumors. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 15:535–556, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
110. Taylor SS, Goodfellow MR, Browne WJ, et al: Feline extranodal lymphoma: response to chemotherapy and survival in 110 cats. J Sm Anim Pract 50:584, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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112. Tobias KM, Jackson AM, Harvey RC: Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis. Vet Anaesth Analgesia 31:258, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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114. Trout NJ, Harpster NK, Berg J, Carpenter J: Long-term results of unilateral ventriculocordectomy and partial arytenoidectomy for the treatment of laryngeal paralysis in 60 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:401–407, 1994.
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116. Valentine BA, McGavin MD: Skeletal muscle. In McGavin MD, editor: Pathologic basis of veterinary disease, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Mosby, p 973.
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118. Venker-van Haagen AJ: Laryngeal paralysis in Bouviers Belge des Flandres and breeding advice to prevent this condition. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 107:21–22, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
119. Wheeldon EB, Suter PF, Jenkins T: Neoplasia of the larynx in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:642–647, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
120. White RA: Laryngeal paralysis: an introduction. Vet Q 20(suppl 1):S2–S3, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
121. White RA: Laryngeal paralysis: surgical solutions. Vet Q 20(suppl 1):S4–S6, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
122. White RA, Littlewood JD, Herrtage ME, Clarke DD: Outcome of surgery for laryngeal paralysis in four cats. Vet Rec 118:103–104, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
123. White RAS: Arytenoid lateralization: an assessment of technique, complications and long-term results in 62 dogs with laryngeal paralysis. Vet Surg 18:72, 1989.
124. White RAS: Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation: an assessment of technique and long-term results in 62 dogs with laryngeal paralysis. J Sm Anim Pract 30:543–549, 1989.
125. Withrow SJ: Tumors of the respiratory system. In Withrow SJ, editor: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 354–377.
126. Wykes PM: Canine laryngeal diseases. Part II. Diagnosis and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 5:105–110, 1983.
127. Yoder JT, Starch CJ: Devocalization of dogs by laryngofissure and dissection of thyroarytenoid folds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 145:325, 1964. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 102: Trachea and Bronchi
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118. Laitinen A, Laitinen LA, Moss R, et al: Organisation and structure of the tracheal and bronchial blood vessels in the dog. J Anat 165:133–140, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
119. Lau RE, Schwartz A, Buergelt CD: Tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:134–138, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
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127. Marolf AJ, Blaik MA: Bronchiectasis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 28:766–775, 2006.
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147. Pacchiana PD, Burnside PK, Wilkens BE, et al: Primary bronchotomy for removal of an intrabronchial foreign body in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:582–585, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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150. Park RD: Bronchoesophageal fistula in the dog: literature survey, case presentations, and radiographic manifestations. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 6:669–675, 1984.
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173. Tangner CH, Hobson HP: A retrospective study of 20 surgically managed cases of collapsed trachea. Vet Surg 11:146–149, 1982.
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180. van Ee RT, Dodd VM, Pope ER, et al: Bronchoesophageal fistula and transient megaesophagus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:874–876, 1986. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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189. White RN, Oakley MR: Left principle bronchus rupture in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 42:495–498, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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195. Zaugg Y, Cuffel C, Monnier P: Releasing tension on a tracheal anastomosis: an ex vivo study on a sheep model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 115:398–402, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 103: Lungs
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58. Nawrocki MA, Mackin AJ, McLaughlin R, et al: Fluoroscopic and endoscopic localization of an esophagobronchial fistula in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:257, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
59. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, King LG: Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases (1981–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1041–1044, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
60. Nelson OL, Sellon RK: Pulmonary parenchymal disease. In Ettinger S, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Elsevier, pp 1239–1266.
61. Nelson RW, editor: Small animal internal medicine, ed 3, St. Louis, 2003, Mosby, p 307.
62. Norris CR, Griffey SM, Walsh P: Use of keyhole lung biopsy for diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats: 13 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1453, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
63. Ogilvie GK, Weigel RM, Haschek WM, et al: Prognostic factors for tumor remission and survival in dogs after surgery for primary lung tumor: 76 cases (1975–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:109–112, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
64. Ohnishi T: Effects of nasal obstruction upon mechanics of the lung in the dog. Laryngoscope 81:712, 1971.
65. Ohnishi T, Ogura JH: Partitioning of pulmonary resistance in the dog. Laryngoscope 79:1847– 1878, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
66. Orton EC: Monitoring and supportive care. In Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins, pp 15–32.
67. Paolini MC, Adams WM, Dubielzig RR, et al: Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1718, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
68. Pascoe PJ, Dyson DH: Analgesia after lateral thoracotomy in dogs. Epidural morphine vs. intercostal bupivacaine. Vet Surg 22:141–147, 1993. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
69. Pelsue DH, Monnet E, Gaynor JS, et al: Closure of median sternotomy in dogs: suture versus wire. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:569–576, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
70. Polton GA, Brearley MJ, Powell SM, et al: Impact of primary tumor stage on survival in dogs with solitary lung tumors. J Sm Anim Pract 49:66, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. Popilskis S, Kohn D, Sanchez JA, Gorman P: Epidural vs. intramuscular oxymorphone analgesia after thoracotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 20:462–467, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
72. Puerto DA, Brockman DJ, Lindquist C, Drobatz K: Surgical and nonsurgical management of and selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 64 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1670–1674, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
73. Rannels DE, Rannels SR: Compensatory growth of the lung following partial pneumonectomy. Exp Lung Res 14:157, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
74. Rawlings CA: Torsion of the left apical and cardiac pulmonary lobes in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 156:726, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
75. Ringwald RJ, Birchard SJ: Complications of median sternotomy in the dog and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:430–434, 1989.
76. Rooney MB, Lanz O, Monnet E: Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:128–130, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumcostal suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209–213, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
78. Rooney MB, Monnet E: Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in dogs: 26 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:86–92, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
79. Rustomjee T, Wagner A, Orton EC: Effect of 5 cm water positive end-respiratory pressure on arterial oxygen tension in dogs during and after thoracotomy. Vet Surg 23:307–310, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
80. Saperstein G: Congenital defects in domestic cats. Feline Pract 6:18, 1976.
81. Schultz RM, Peters J, Zwinberger A: Radiography, computed tomography, and virtual bronchoscopy in four dogs and two cats with lung lobe torsions. J Sm Anim Pract 50:360, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
82. Scott RN, Faraci RP, Hough A, Chretien PB: Bronchial stump closure techniques following pneumonectomy: a serial comparative study. Ann Surg 184:205–211, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
83. Seiler G, Schwarz T, Vignoli M, Rodriguez D: Computed tomographic features of lung lobe torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:504–508, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
84. Shahar R, Shamir M, Johnston DE: A technique for management of bite wounds of the thoracic wall in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:45–50, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
85. Siems JJ, Jakovljevic S, Van Alstine W: Radiographic diagnosis—lung lobe torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:418–420, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
86. Silberstein A, Mercier M, Jaafar M, Cadore JL: Lung lobe torsion: a rare complication of thoracic surgery in the dog. Point Veterinaire 23:433–438, 1991. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
87. Spackman CJ, Caywood DD: Management of thoracic trauma and chest wall reconstruction. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 17:431–447, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
88. Spackman CJ, Caywood DD, Feeney DA, Johnston GR: Thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma in dogs sustaining fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:975– 977, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
89. Spranklin DB, Gulikers KP, Lanz OI: Recurrence of spontaneous lung lobe torsion in a pug. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:446–451, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Stobie D, Caywood DD, Rozanski EA, et al: Evaluation of pulmonary function and analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy and use of morphine administered intramuscularly or intrapleurally and bupivacaine administered intrapleurally. Am J Vet Res 56:1098–1109, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
91. Teske E, Stokhof AA, van der Ingh TSGAM, et al: Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung in dogs with pulmonic disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:289–294, 1991.
92. Teunissen GH, Wolverkamp WT, Goedegebuure SA: Necrosis of a pulmonary lobe in a dog. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 101:1129–1133, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
93. Thompson SE, Johnson JM: Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy. A comparison of morphine, selective intercostal nerve block, and interpleural regional analgesia with bupivacaine. Vet Surg 20:73–77, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
94. Tronc F, Gregoire J, Leblanc P, Deslauriers J: Physiologic consequences of pneumonectomy. Consequences on the pulmonary function. Chest Surg Clin North Am 9:459–473, xii–xiii, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tucker A: Respiratory pathophysiology. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 781–797.
96. Waddell LS, Brady CA, Drobatz KJ: Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:819–824, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
97. Wall RE, Rush JE: Cardiac emergencies. In Murtaugh RJ, Kaplan PM, editors: Veterinary emergency and critical care medicine, St Louis, 1992, Mosby Yearbook, pp 213–251.
98. Watanabe Y, Ichihashi T, Iwa T: Median sternotomy as an approach for pulmonary surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 36:227–231, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
99. West JB: Control of ventilation. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 103–115.
100. West JB: Diffusion. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 21–28.
101. West JB: Gas transport by the blood. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 63–102.
102. West JB: Mechanics of breathing. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 79–102.
103. West JB: Ventilation-perfusion relationships. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 45–62. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
104. White RN, Corzo-Menendez N: Concurrent torsion of the right cranial and right middle lung lobes in a whippet. J Sm Anim Pract 41:562–565, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
105. Williams JH, Duncan NM: Chylothorax with concurrent right cardiac lung lobe torsion in an Afghan hound. J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 57:35–37, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
106. Withrow SJ: Lung cancer. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 361–370.
107. Yoon HY, Mann FA, Lee S, Branson KR: Comparison of the amounts of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with four thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 70:1161–1167, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
108. Zatloukal J, Rauser P, Necas A, et al: Bronchoesophageal fistula caused by a foreign body in the oesophagus of a dog. Kleinterpraxis 54:155, 2009. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION IX: Thorax Chapter 104: Thoracic Wall
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16. Griffon DJ, Walter PA, Wallace LJ: Thoracic injuries in cats with traumatic fractures. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 7:98, 1994.
17. Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ, et al: Use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the thoracic wall after en-bloc resection of primary rib chondrosarcoma in five dogs. Vet Surg 36:587, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
18. Hardie EM, Ramirez O, Clary EM, et al: Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows: stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia. J Vet Intern Med 12:279, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
19. Hebra A: Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 21:76, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
20. Helphrey ML: Abdominal graft for repair of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:791, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
21. Hunt PA, Greaves I, Owens WA: Emergency thoracotomy in thoracic trauma: a review. Injury 37:1, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
22. Johnson KA, Goldsmid SE: Methyl methacrylates and polypropylene mesh reconstruction of ventral thoracic wall deficit following sterna liposarcoma resection. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 9:172, 1996.
23. Kraje BJ, Kraje AC, Rohrbach BW, et al: Intrathoracic and concurrent orthopaedic injury associated with traumatic rib fracture in cats: 75 cases (1980–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:51, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
24. Liptak JM, Brebner NS: Hemidiaphragmatic reconstruction with a transverse abdominis muscle flap after resection of a solitary diaphragmatic mesothelioma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1204, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
25. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Rizzo SA, et al: Reconstruction of chest wall defects after rib tumor resection: A comparison of autogenous, prosthetic and composite techniques in 44 dogs. Vet Surg 37:479, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
26. Liptak JM, Kamstock DA, Dernell WS, et al: Oncologic outcome after curative-intent treatment in 39 dogs with primary chest wall tumors (1992–2005). Vet Surg 37:488, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Lisciandro GR, Lagutchik MS, Mann KA, et al: Evaluation of a thoracic-focused assessment with sonography for trauma (TFAST) protocol to detect pneumothorax and concurrent thoracic injury in 145 traumatized dogs. J Vet Emerg Critical Care 18:258, 2008.
28. McAnulty JF, Harvey CE: Repair of pectus excavatum by percutaneous suturing and temporary external coaptation in a kitten. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:1056, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
29. Munday JS, Boston SE, Owen MC, et al: Lameness in a dog caused by thoracic wall invasion by a pulmonary neoplasm. J Vet Med 53:288, 2006.
30. Newman BM, Jewett TC, Lewis A, et al. Prosthetic materials and muscle flaps in the repair of extensive diaphragmatic defects. J Pediatr Surg 20:362, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
31. Nuss D, Croituro DP, Kelly RE, et al: Review and discussion of the complications of minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair. Eur J Pediatr Surg 12:230, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
32. Olsen D, Renberg W, Perrett J, et al: Clinical management of flail chest in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 24 cases (1989–1999). J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 38:315, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Orton EC: Thoracic wall. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 373.
34. Patterson CC, Perry RL, Steficek B: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the diaphragm in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:36, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
35. Pelsue DH, Monnet E, Gaynor JS, et al: Closure of median sternotomy in dogs: suture versus wire. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:569, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
36. Pirkey-Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, Straw RC, et al: Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:65, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
37. Prather AB, Berry CR, Thrall DE: Use of radiography in combination with computed tomography for the assessment of noncardiac thoracic disease in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
38. Purinton PT, Chambers JN, Moore JL: Identification and categorization of the vascular patterns to muscles of the thoracic limb, thorax and neck of dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:1435, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
39. Reiss AJ, McKiernan BC, Wingfield WE: Myocardial injury secondary to blunt thoracic trauma in dogs: incidence and pathophysiology. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:934, 2002.
40. Risselada M, de Rooster H, Liuti T, et al: Use of internal splinting to realign a noncompliant sternum in a cat with pectus excavatum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1047, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
41. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumferential suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
42. Sahar R, Shamir M, Johnston DE: A technique for management of bite wounds of the thoracic wall in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:45, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
43. Schallberger SP, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al: Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs. Vet Surg 37:515, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
44. Scheepens ETF, Peeters ME, E’Plattenier HF, et al. Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results. J Sm Anim Pract 47:721, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Sigrist NE, Doherr MG, Spreng DE, et al: Clinical findings and diagnostic value of post-traumatic thoracic radiographs in dogs and cats with blunt trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 14:259, 2004.
46. Skoracki RJ, Chang DW: Reconstruction of the chest wall and thorax. J Surg Oncol 94:455, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
47. Smallwood JE, Beaver BV: Congenital chondrosternal depression (pectus excavatum) in the cat. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 18:141, 1977.
48. Soderstrom MJ, Gilson SD, Gulbas N: Fatal reexpansion pulmonary edema in a kitten following surgical correction of pectus excavatum. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:133, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
49. Vnuk D, Pirkic B, Maticic D: Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg 6:305, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Watine S, Hamaide A, Peeters D, et al: Resolution of chylothorax after resection of rib chondroma in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 44:546, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
51. Whelan MF, O’Toole TE, Carlson KR, et al: Budd-Chiari like syndrome in a dog with chondrosarcoma of the thoracic wall. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:175, 2007.
52. Widhe B, Bauer HC: Scandinavian Sarcoma Group. Surgical treatment is decisive for outcome in chondrosarcoma of the chest wall: a population-based Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 106 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:610, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 105: Thoracic Cavity
REFERENCES
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6. Barrs VR, Beatty JA: Feline pyothorax: new insights into an old problem: part 2. Treatment recommendations and prophylaxis. Vet J 179:171, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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21. Contreras S, Vazquez JM, De Miguel A, et al: Magnetic resonance angiography of the normal canine heart and associated blood vessels. Vet J 178:130, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. D’Anjou MA, Tidwell AS, Hecht S: Radiographic diagnosis of lung lobe torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:478, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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24. Demetriou JL, Foale RD, Ladlow J, et al: Canine and feline pyothorax: a retrospective study of 50 cases in the UK and Ireland. J Sm Anim Pract 43:388, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
25. Ednick MD, Pagala M, Barakat JP, et al: Telemetric recording of intrapleural pressure. J Surg Res 138(1):10–14, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
26. Enwiller TM, Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, et al: Popliteal and mesenteric lymph node injection with methylene blue for coloration of the thoracic duct in dogs. Vet Surg 32:359, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
27. Esterline ML, Radlinsky MG, Biller DS, et al: Comparison of radiographic and computed tomography lymphangiography for identification of the canine thoracic duct. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:391, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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31. Fossum TW, Mertens MM, Miller MW, et al: Thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax. J Vet Intern Med 18:307, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gookin JL, Atkins CE: Evaluation of the effect of pleural effusion on central venous pressure in cats. J Vet Intern Med 13:561, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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34. Gouldstone A, Brown RE, Butler JP, et al: Stiffness of the pleural surface of the chest wall is similar to that of the lung. J Appl Physiol 95:2345, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
35. Greenberg MJ, Weiss CS: Spontaneous resolution of iatrogenic chylothorax in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1667, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
36. Henninger W: Use of computed tomography in the diseased feline thorax. J Sm Anim Pract 44:56, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
37. Hirschberger J, DeNicola DB, Hermanns W, et al: Sensitivity and specificity of cytologic evaluation in the diagnosis of neoplasia in body fluids from dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 28:142, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
38. Hodges CC, Fossum TW, Evering WL: Evaluation of thoracic duct healing after experimental laceration and transaction. Vet Surg 22:431, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
39. Hopko SH: The use of rutin in a cat with idiopathic chylothorax. Can Vet J 46:729, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
40. Hyashi K, Sicard G, Gellasch K, et al: Cisterna chyli ablation with thoracic duct ligation for chylothorax: results in eight dogs. Vet Surg 34:519, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
41. Jerram RM, Fossum TW, Berridge BR, et al: The efficacy of mechanical abrasion and talc slurry as methods of pleurodesis in normal dogs. Vet Surg 28:322, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
42. Johannes CM, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, et al: Hemangiosarcoma in cats: 53 cases (1992–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1851, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
43. Johnson EG, Wisner ER, Kyles A, et al: Computed tomographic lymphography of the thoracic duct by mesenteric lymph node injection. Vet Surg 38:361, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
44. Johnson MS, Martin MWS: Successful medical treatment of 15 dogs with pyothorax. J Sm Anim Pract 48:12, 2007.
45. Joly H, D’Anjou MA, Alexander K, et al: Comparison of single-sliced computed tomography protocols for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:279, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
46. Kirberger RM, Avner A: The effect of positioning on the appearance of selected cranial thoracic structures in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:61, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
47. Kopko SH: The use of rutin in a cat with idiopathic chylothorax. Can Vet J 46:729, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
48. Kovak JR, Ludwig LL, Bergman PJ, et al: Use of thoracoscopy to determine the etiology of pleural effusion in dogs and cats: 18 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:990, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
49. Kraje BJ, Kraje AC, Rohrbach BW, et al: Intrathoracic and concurrent orthopedic injury associated with traumatic rib fractures in cats: 75 cases (1980–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:51, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
50. LaFond E, Weirich WE, Salisbury SK: Omentalization of the thorax for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax with constrictive pleuritis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:74, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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52. Lana S, Plaza S, Hampe K, et al: Diagnosis of mediastinal masses in dogs by flow cytometry. J Vet Intern Med 20:1161, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
53. Liptak JM, Kamstock DA, Dernell WS, et al: Cranial mediastinal carcinomas in nine dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 6:19, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
54. Little AA, Steffey M, Kraus MS: Marked pleural effusion causing right atrial collapse simulating cardiac tamponade in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:157, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
55. Lynn A, Dockins JM, Kuehn NF, et al: Caudal mediastinal thyroglossal duct cyst in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 50:147, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
56. Maritato KC, Colón JA, Kergosien DH: Pneumothorax. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:232, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
57. Marques AIDC, Tattersall J, Shaw DJ, et al: Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time. J Sm Anim Pract 50:162, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
58. Mayhew PD, Friedberg JS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of noninvasive thymomas using one-lung ventilation in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:756–762, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
59. McCarthy TC: Diagnostic thoracoscopy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 14:213, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
60. McCarthy TC, Monnet E: Diagnostic and operative thoracoscopy. In McCarthy TC, editor: Veterinary endoscopy for the small animal practitioner, St Louis, 2005, Saunders/Elsevier, p 409.
61. Mellanby RJ, Villiers E, Herrtage ME: Canine pleural and mediastinal effusions: a retrospective study of 81 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 43:447, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
62. Moffett AC: Metastatic thymoma and acquired generalized myasthenia gravis in a beagle. Can Vet J 48:91, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
63. Monnet E: Interventional thoracoscopy in small animals. Vet Clin Sm Anim 39:965, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
64. Moores AL, Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, et al: Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats. J Sm Anim Pract 48:695, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
65. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, King LG: Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases (1981–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1041, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
66. Newitt AL, Cripps PJ, Shimali J: Sonographic estimation of pleural fluid volume in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:86, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
67. Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, ed 1, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins.
68. Osuna, DJ, Armstrong, P, Duncan, DE, et al: Acute renal failure after methylene blue infusion in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:410, 1990.
69. Padrid P: Canine and feline pleural disease. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 30:1295, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
70. Paoloni MC, Adams WM, Dubielzig RR, et al: Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1718, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
71. Parra MD, Papsouliotis K, Ceron JJ: Concentrations of C-reactive protein in effusions in dogs. Vet Rec 158:753, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
72. Prather AB, Berry CR, Thrall DE: Use of radiography in combination with computed tomography for the assessment of noncardiac thoracic disease in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
73. Puerto DA, Brockman DJ, Lindquist C, et al: Surgical and nonsurgical management of and selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 64 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1670, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
74. Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, Biller DS, et al: Thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs. Vet Surg 31:138, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
75. Risselada M, deRooster H, Taeymans O, et al: Penetrating injuries in dogs and cats. A study of 16 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:434,2008. PUBMED Abstract
76. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumcostal suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209–213, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rooney MB, Monnet E: Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in dogs: 26 cases (1991– 2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:86, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
78. Scheepens ETF, Peeters ME, L’Eplattenier HF, et al: Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results. J Sm Anim Pract 47:721, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
79. Scherrer WE, Kyles AE, Samii VF, et al: Computed tomographic assessment of vascular invasion and respectability of mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat. N Z Vet J 56:330, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
80. Schmiedt CW, Washabaugh KF, Rao DB, et al: Chylothorax associated with congenital peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:134, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
81. Schultz RM, Peters J, Zwingenberger A: Radiography, computed tomography and virtual bronchoscopy in four dogs and two cats with lung lobe torsion. J Sm Anim Pract 50:360, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
82. Schultz RM, Zwingenberger A: Radiographic, computed tomographic, and ultrasonographic findings with migrating intrathoracic grass awns in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:249– 255, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
83. Seiler G, Schwarz T, Vignoli M, et al: Computed tomographic feature of lung lobe torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:504, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
84. Seo KW, Choi US, Jung YC, et al: Palliative intravenous cisplatin treatment for concurrent peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 69:201, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
85. Shaw SP, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Thoracic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:35, 2003. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
86. Sicard GK, Waller KR, McAnulty JF: The effect of cisterna chyli ablation combined with thoracic duct ligation on abdominal lymphatic drainage. Vet Surg 34:64, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
87. Silverstein DC: Pleural space disease. In King LG, editor: Textbook of respiratory disease in dogs and cats, ed 1, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 49.
88. Smeak DD, Birchard SJ, McLoughlin MA, et al: Treatment of chronic pleural effusion with pleuroperitoneal shunts in dogs: 14 cases (1985–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1590, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
89. Smith AN, Wright JC, Brawner WR, et al: Radiation therapy in the treatment of canine and feline thymomas: a retrospective study (1985–1999). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:489, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
90. Smits B, Reid MM: Feline paraneoplastic syndrome associated with thymoma. N Z Vet J 51:244, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
91. Sparkes A, Murphy S, McConnell F, et al: Palliative intracavitary carboplatin therapy in a cat with suspected pleural mesothelioma. J Feline Med Surg 7:313, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
92. Spugnini EP, Crispi S, Scarabello A, et al: Piroxicam and intracavitary platinum-based chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced mesothelioma in pets: preliminary observations. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 27:6, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
93. Talavera J, Agut A, Fernandez del Palacia J, et al: Thoracic omentalization for long-term management of neoplastic pleural effusion in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1299–1302, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
94. Tanaka R, Shimizu M, Hirao H, et al: Surgical management of a double-chambered right ventricle and chylothorax in a Labrador retriever. J Sm Anim Pract 47:405, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tattersall JA, Welsh E: Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 47:715, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
96. Thompson MD, Carr AP: Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia associated with chylous pleural and peritoneal effusion in a cat. Can Vet J 43:610, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
97. Valentine BA, McGavin MD: Skeletal muscle. In McGavin MD, editor: Pathologic basis of veterinary disease, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Mosby, p 1005.
98. Valtolina C, Adamantos S: Evaluation of small-bore wire-guided chest drains for management of pleural space disease. J Sm Anim Pract 50:290, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
99. Van den Broek A: Pneumomediastinum in seventeen dogs: aetiology and radiographic signs. J Sm Anim Pract 27:747, 1986.
100. Viehoff FW, Stokof AA: En bloc ligation of the thoracic duct in twelve dogs with idiopathic chylothorax. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 128:278, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
101. Vnuk D, Pirkic B, Maticic D, et al: Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg 6:305, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
102. Waddell LS, Brady CA, Drobatz KJ: Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:819, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
103. Walker AL, Jang SS, Hirsh DC: Bacterial associated with pyothorax of dogs and cats: 98 cases (1989–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:359, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
104. White HL, Rozanski EA, Tidwell AS, et al: Spontaneous pneumothorax in two cats with small airway disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1573, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
105. Whitney WO, Mehlhaff CJ: High-rise syndrome in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1399, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
106. Williams JM, Niles JD: Use of omentum as a physiologic drain for treatment of chylothorax in a dog. Vet Surg 28:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
107. Yoon HY, Mann FA, Lee S, et al: Comparison of the amounts of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with four thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 70:1161, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
108. Yoon J, Feeney DA, Cronk DE, et al: Computed tomographic evaluation of canine and feline mediastinal masses in 14 patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:542, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
109. Zekas LJ, Crawford JT, O’Brien RT: Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspirate and tissue-core biopsy of intrathoracic lesions in thirty dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
110. Zitz JC, Birchard SJ, Couto GC, et al: Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1186, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
111. Zoia A, Slater LA, Heller J, et al: A new approach to pleural effusion in cats: markers for distinguishing transudates from exudates. J Feline Med Surg 11:847, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION X: Cardiovascular System Chapter 106: Cardiac Surgery
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8. Boggs LS, Dewan SJ, Ballard SE: Mitral valve reconstruction in a toy-breed dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1872, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, et al: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:1486, 1998.
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12. Bright JM, Toal RL, Blackford LM: Right ventricular outflow obstruction caused by primary cardiac neoplasia: clinical features in two dogs. J Vet Intern Med 4:12, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
13. Brock RC: Pulmonary valvulotomy for relief of congenital pulmonic stenosis: report of 3 cases. Br Med J1:1121, 1948. PUBMED Abstract
14. Brockman DJ, Borer KE, Baines SJ, et al: Partial right ventriculectomy using the incised patch technique to treat double chambered right ventricle and chylothorax in a cat. Vet Surg 38:631– 635, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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16. Buchanan JW: Patent ductus arteriosus. Semin Vet Med Surg Sm Anim 9:168, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
17. Buchanan JW: Patent ductus arteriosus morphology, pathogenesis, types and treatment. J Vet Cardiol 3:7, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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20. Buchanan JW: Pulmonic stenosis caused by single coronary artery in dogs: four cases (1965– 1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:115, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
21. Bureau S, Monnet E, Orton EC: Evaluation of survival rate and prognostic indicators for surgical treatment of left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 52 cases (1995–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1794, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
22. Bussadori C, DeMadron E, Santilli RA, et al: Balloon valvuloplasty in 30 dogs with pulmonic stenosis: effect of valve morphology and annular size on initial and 1-year outcome. J Vet Intern Med 15:553, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
23. Cale AR, Sang CT, Campanella C, Cameron EW: Hufnagel revisited: a descending aortic valve to treat prosthetic valve insufficiency. Ann Thorac Surg 55:1218, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
24. Carpentier A: Cardiac valve surgery—the “French correction.” J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:323, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
25. Carpentier A: Congenital malformations of the mitral valve. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, Saunders, p 599.
26. Corti LB, Merkley D, Nelson OL, et al: Retrospective evaluation of occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus with hemoclips in 20 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:548, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
27. Dalrymple-Hay MJR, Bryant M, Jones RA, et al: Degenerative mitral regurgitation: when should we operate? Ann Thorac Surg 66:1579, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
28. de Lavel M: Systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, Saunders, p 247.
29. de Lavel M: Ventricular septal defects. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, WB Saunders, p 355.
30. Detweiler DK, Patterson DF: The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 127:481, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
31. Dunning D, Monnet E, Orton EC, et al: Analysis of prognosis indicators for dogs with pericardial effusion: 46 cases (1985–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:1276, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
32. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK: New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Am J Med 96:200, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
33. Ehrhart N, Ehrhart EJ, Willis J, et al: Analysis of factors affecting survival in dogs with aortic body tumors. Vet Surg 31:44, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Eyster GE, Anderson LK, Krehbeil JD, et al: Surgical repair of atrial septal defect in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169:1081, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
35. Eyster GE, Braden TD, Appleford M, et al: Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot. J Sm Anim Pract 18:387, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
36. Eyster GE, Eyster JT, Cords GB, et al: Patent ductus arteriosus in the dog: characteristics of occurrence and results of surgery in one hundred consecutive cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:435, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
37. Eyster GE, Whipple RD, Anderson LK, et al: Pulmonary artery banding for ventricular septal defect in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:434, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
38. Fingland RB, Bonagura JD, Myer CW: Pulmonic stenosis in the dog: 29 cases (1975–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:218, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
39. Fossum TW, Miller MW: Cor triatriatum and caval anomalies. Semin Vet Med Surg Sm Anim 9:177, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
40. Goodrich KR, Kyles AE, Kass PH, Campbell F: Retrospective comparison of surgical ligation and transarterial catheter occlusion of treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in two hundred and four dogs (1993–2003). Vet Surg 36:43, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
41. Goodwin JK, Lombard CW: Patent ductus arteriosus in adult dogs: clinical features of 14 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:349, 1992.
42. Gordon SG, Miller MW, Roland RM: Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure with the Amplatzer atrial septal occlude in 13 dogs: short- and mid-term outcome. J Vet Intern Med 23:995, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
43. Gravlee GP, Davis RF, Stammers AH, Ungerleider RM, editors: Cardiopulmonary bypass: principles and practice, ed 3, Baltimore, 2008, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
44. Griffiths LG, Boon J, Orton EC: Evaluation of techniques and outcomes of mitral valve repair in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1941, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
45. Hayes HM, Sass B: Chemoreceptor neoplasia: a study of the epidemiological features of 357 canine cases. J Vet Med 35:401, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
46. Heath BJ, Warren ET, Nickels B: Mitral valve replacement: techniques to eliminate myocardial rupture and prevent valvular disruption. Ann Thorac Surg 52:839, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
47. Hunt GB, Pearson MRB, Bellenger CR, Malik R: Use of a modified open patch-graft technique and valvulectomy for correction of severe pulmonic stenosis: eight consecutive cases. Aust Vet J 70:244, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hunt GB, Simpson DJ, Beck JA, et al: Intraoperative hemorrhage during patent ductus arteriosus ligation in dogs. Vet Surg 30:58, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
49. Jonas RA, Castaneda AR, Freed MD: Normothermic caval inflow occlusion: application to operations for congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 89:780, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
50. Jones CL, Buchanan JW: Patent ductus arteriosus: anatomy and surgery in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 179:364, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
51. Kamemoto I, Shibata S, Noguchi H, et al: Successful mitral valvuloplasty for mitral regurgitation in a dog. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:411, 1990.
52. Kaufman AC, Swalec KM, Mahaffey MB: Surgical correction of cor triatriatum dexter in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:157, 1994.
53. Klement P, del Nido PJ, Mickleborough L, et al: Technique and postoperative management for successful cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:869, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
54. Koffas H, Fuentes VL, Boswood A, et al: Double-chambered right ventricle in 9 cats. J Vet Intern Med 21:76–80, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
55. Krahwinkel DJ, Sackman JE: Surgical correction of pulmonic stenosis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 662.
56. Laschinger JC, Cunningham JN, Cooper MM: Monitoring of somatosensory potentials during surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. I. Relationship of the aortic cross-clamp duration, changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, and incidence of neurological dysfunction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 94:260, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
57. Lew LJ, Fowler JD, Egger CM, et al: Deep hypothermic low flow cardiopulmonary bypass in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:281, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
58. Maisano F, Torracca L, Oppizzi M, et al: The edge-to-edge technique: a simplified method to correct mitral insufficiency. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg 13:240, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
59. Mama K: Personal communication, November 24, 2009.
60. Martin J, Orton EC, Boon J, et al: Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:770, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
61. Marx GR, Allen HD, Goldberg SJ, et al: Transatrial septal velocity measurement by Doppler echocardiography in atrial septal defect: correlation with Qp:Qs ratio. Am J Cardiol 55:1162, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
62. Miller CW, Holmberg DL, Bowen V, et al: Microsurgical management of tetralogy of Fallot in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:708, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
63. Monnet E, Orton EC, Gaynor J, et al: Partial atrioventricular septal defect: diagnosis and surgical repair in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:569, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
64. Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Mallinckrodt CH, et al: Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 10:379, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
65. 64a. Orton EC, Arai S, Griffiths LG, et al: Bioprosthesis valve replacement in dogs with congenital tricuspid valve dysplasia: technique and outcome. J Vet Cardiol 13:91, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
65. Orton EC, Bruecker KA, McCracken TO: An open patch-graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis in the dog. Vet Surg 19:148, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
66. Orton EC, Hackett TA, Mama K, et al: Technique and outcome of mitral valve replacement in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1508–1511, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
67. Orton EC, Mama K, Hellyer P, et al: Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1089, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
68. Oswald GP, Orton EC: Patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension in related Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:761, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
69. Pacifico AD: Atrio-ventricular septal defects. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, Saunders, p 373.
70. Patterson DF, Pyle RL, Van Mierop L, et al: Hereditary defects in the conotruncal septum on Keeshond dogs: pathologic and genetic studies. Am J Cardiol 34:187, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
71. Patterson DF: Congenital heart disease in the dog. Ann NY Acad Sci 127:541, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
72. Ringwald RJ, Bonagura JD: Tetralogy of Fallot in the dog: clinical findings in 13 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:33, 1988.
73. Ristic JME, Mrin CJ, Baines EA, et al: Congenital pulmonic stenosis: a retrospective study of 24 cases seen between 1990–1999. J Vet Cardiol 3:13, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
74. Shimizu M, Tanaka R, Hoshi K, et al: Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation in a dog. Aust Vet J 84:117–121, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
75. Shores A, Weirich WE: A modified pericardial patch graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:809, 1985.
76. Sreeram N, Saleem M, Jackson M, et al: Results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty as a palliative procedure in tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 18:159, 1990.
77. Stafford Johnson M, Edwards MD, French A, Henley W: Pulmonic stenosis in dogs; balloon dilation improves clinical outcome. J Vet Intern Med 18:656–662, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
78. Stanley BJ, Luis-Fuentes V, Darke PGG: Comparison of the incidence of residual shunting between two surgical techniques used for ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in the dog. Vet Surg 32:231, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
79. Stark J: Secundum atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, WB Saunders, p 343.
80. Staudte KL, Gibson NR, Read RA, Edwards GA: Evaluation of closed pericardial patch grafting for management of severe pulmonic stenosis. Aust Vet J 82:33, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
81. Swan H, Zeavin I, Bount SG, et al: Surgery by direct vision in the open heart during hypothermia. J Am Med Assoc 153:1081, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
82. Takashima K, Soda A, Tanaka R, et al: Long-term clinical evaluation of mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthetic valves in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 70:279, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
83. Takashima K, Soda A, Tanaka R, et al: Short-term performance of mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthetic valves in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 69:793, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
84. Tanaka R, Shimizu M, Hoshi K, et al: Efficacy of open patch-grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass for pulmonic stenosis in small dogs. Aust Vet J 87:88, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
85. Tilley LP, Bond B, Patnaik AK, et al: Cardiovascular tumors in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:1009, 1981. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
86. Tobias AH, Thomas WP, Kittleson MD, et al: Cor triatriatum dexter in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:28, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
87. Triplett DA: Current recommendations for warfarin therapy. Cardiol Clin Ann Drug Therapy 2:141, 1998.
88. Van Israel N, Dukes-McEwan J, French AT: Long-term follow up of dogs with patent ductus arteriosus. J Sm Anim Pract 44:480, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Vicari E, Brown DC, Brockman DJ, et al: Heart-base tumors in dogs: a retrospective study of 25 cases. Vet Surg 29:478, 2000.
90. Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA: Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 335:407, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
91. Wander KW, Monnet E, Orton EC: Surgical correction of cor triatriatum sinister in a kitten. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:383, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
92. Ware WA, Hopper DL. Cardiac tumors in dogs: 1982–1995. J Vet Intern Med 13:95–103, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
93. Weisse WC, Soares N, Beal MW, et al: Survival times in dogs with right atrial hemangiosarcoma treated by means of surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 23 cases (1986– 2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:575, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
94. Willard MD, Eyster GE: Double-chambered right ventricle in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:486, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
95. Wykes PM, Rouse GP, Orton EC: Removal of five canine cardiac tumors using a stapling instrument. Vet Surg 15:103, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 107: Pericardial Surgery
REFERENCES
1. Ameli S, Shah PK: Cardiac tamponade. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Cardiol Clin 9:665–674, 1991. PUBMED Abstract 2. Aronsohn M: Cardiac hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a review of 38 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:922–926, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
3. Aronsohn MG, Carpenter JL: Surgical treatment of idiopathic pericardial effusion in the dog: 25 cases (1978–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:521–525, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
4. Aronson LR, Gregory CR: Infectious pericardial effusion in five dogs. Vet Surg 24:402–407, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
5. Barone R: [Compared anatomy of domestic mammals.] Angiology, vol 5, Paris, 1996, Vigot, pp 5–102. PUBMED Abstract
6. Berg J: Pericardial disease and cardiac neoplasia. Semin Vet Med Surg Sm Anim 9:185–191, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
7. Berg RJ, Wingfield W: Pericardial effusion in the dog: a review of 42 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:721–730, 1984.
8. Berg RJ, Wingfield WE, Hoopes PJ: Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in eight dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:988–992, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
9. Berry CR, Lombard CW, DA H, Ackerman N: Pericardial effusion secondary to chronic endocardiosis and left atrial rupture in a dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:800–805, 1988.
10. Berry CR, Lombard CW, Hager DA, et al: Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac tamponade in dogs before and after pericardiocentesis: four cases (1984–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:1597–1603, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
11. Bonagura JD, Herring DS: Echocardiography. Acquired heart disease. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 15:1209–1224, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
12. Bouvy BM, Bjorling DE: Pericardial effusion in dogs and cats. Part I. Normal pericardium and causes and pathophysiology of pericardial effusion. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 13:417– 424, 1991.
13. Bouvy BM, Bjorling DE: Pericardial effusion in dogs and cats. Part II. Diagnostic approach and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 13:633–642, 1991.
14. Bradley GA, Tye J, Lozano-Alarcon F, et al: Hemopericardium in a dog due to hemorrhage originating in a heart base thymic remnant. J Vet Diagn Invest 4:211–212, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
15. Brownlie SE, Clayton-Jones DG: Successful removal of a heart-base tumour in a dog with pericardial haemorrhagic effusion. J Sm Anim Pract 26:191–197, 1985. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Brownlie SE, Cobb MA, Chambers J, et al: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in four dogs with pulmonic stenosis. J Sm Anim Pract 32:165–169, 1991.
17. Brummer DG, Moise NS: Infiltrative cardiomyopathy responsive to chemotherapy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1116, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
18. Buchanan JW: Spontaneous left atrial rupture in dogs. Adv Exp Med Biol 22:315–334, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
19. Bussadori C, Grasso A, Santilli RA: Percutaneous pericardiotomy with balloon catheter in the treatment of malignant pericardial effusion in dogs. Radiol Med (Torino) 96:503–506, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
20. Campbell SL, Forrester SD, Johnston SA, et al: Chylothorax associated with constrictive pericarditis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:1561–1564, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
21. Closa JM, Font A, Mascort J: Pericardial mesothelioma in a dog: long-term survival after pericardiectomy in combination with chemotherapy. J Sm Anim Pract 40:383–386, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
22. de Laforcade AM, Freeman LM, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Biochemical analysis of pericardial fluid and whole blood in dogs with pericardial effusion. J Vet Intern Med 19:833–836, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
23. de Madron E: Malignant pericardial effusion in dogs: seven cases clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic, and echocardiographic aspects. Eur J Comp Anim Pract 1:52–62, 1991.
24. de Madron E, Prymak C, Hendricks J: Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with organized thrombi in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:324–326, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
25. Dunning D, Monnet E, Orton EC, Salman MD: Analysis of prognostic indicators for dogs with pericardial effusion: 46 cases (1985–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:1276–1280, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dupre GP, Corlouer JP, Bouvy B: Thoracoscopic pericardectomy performed without pulmonary exclusion in 9 dogs. Vet Surg 30:21–27, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
27. Edwards NJ: The diagnostic value of pericardial fluid pH determination. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:63–67, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
28. Ehrhart N, Ehrhart EJ, Willis J, et al: Analysis of factors affecting survival in dogs with aortic body tumors. Vet Surg 31:44–48, 2004.
29. Ettinger SJ: Pericardiocentesis. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 4:403–412, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
30. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The heart and the arteries. In Evans HE, Christensen GC, editors: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, Philadelphia, 1979, Saunders, pp 632–756.
31. Farrow CS: Exercise in radiology [globose cardiomegaly compatible with pericardial effusion; dog]. Can Vet J 25:302–303, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
32. Feigenbaum H: Hemodynamic information derived from echocardiography. In Feigenbaum H, editor: Echocardiography, ed 5, Philadelphia, 1994, Lea & Febiger, pp 181–215.
33. Fine DM, Olivier NB, Walshaw R, Schall WD: Surgical correction of late-onset Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:835–837, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Fine DM, Tobias AH, Jacob KA: Use of pericardial fluid pH to distinguish between idiopathic and neoplastic effusions. J Vet Intern Med 17:525–529, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Fossum TW, Miller MW, Rogers KS, et al: Chylothorax associated with right-sided heart failure in five cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:84–89, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
36. Fowler NO: Pulsus paradoxus. Heart Dis Stroke 3:68–69, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. Gaag IV, Luer JT: Eight cases of pericardial defects in the dog. Vet Pathol 14:14–18, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
38. Gonin-Jmaa D, Paulsen DB, Taboada J: Pericardial effusion in a dog with rhabdomyosarcoma in the right ventricular wall. J Sm Anim Pract 37:193–196, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gores BR, Berg J, Carpenter JL, Aronsohn MG: Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1782–1785, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
40. Goto Y, LeWinter MM: Nonuniform regional deformation of the pericardium during the cardiac cycle in dogs. Circ Res 67:1107–1114, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gouliamos A, Andreou J, Steriotis J, et al: Detection of pericardial heart disease by computed tomography. Clin Radiol 35:397–400, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
42. Hancock EW: Cardiac tamponade. Heart Dis Stroke 3:155–158, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
43. Heinritz CK, Gilson SD, Soderstrom MJ, et al: Subtotal pericardectomy and epicardial excision for treatment of coccidioidomycosis-induced effusive-constrictive pericarditis in dogs: 17 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:435–440, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Jackson J, Richter KP, Launer DP: Thoracoscopic partial pericardiectomy in 13 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 13:529–533, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
45. Kagan KG: Thoracic trauma. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 10:641–653, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
46. Kerstetter KK, Krahwinkel DJ, Millis DL, et al: Pericardiectomy in dogs: 22 case (1978–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:736–740, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
47. Kirkland LL, Taylor RW: Pericardiocentesis. Crit Care Clin 8:699–712, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
48. Less RD, Bright JM, Orton EC: Intrapericardial cyst causing cardiac tamponade in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:115–119, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
49. Lombard CW: Pericardial disease. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 13:337–353, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
50. Machida N, Tanaka R, Takemura N, et al: Development of pericardial mesothelioma in golden retrievers with a long-term history of idiopathic haemorrhagic pericardial effusion. J Comp Pathol 131:166–175, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
51. Marion J, Schwartz A, Ettinger S, et al: Pericardial effusion in a young dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 157:1055–1063, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
52. Mellanby RJ, Herrtage ME: Long-term survival of 23 dogs with pericardial effusions. Vet Rec 156:568–571, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
53. Miller MW, Sisson DD: Pericardial disorders. In Ettinger SJ, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 923–936.
54. Orton EC: Pericardium. In Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, ed 1, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins, pp 177–185.
55. Owens JM: Pericardial effusion in the cat. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 7:373–383, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
56. Petrus DJ, Henik RA: Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade secondary to brodifacoum toxicosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:647–648, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
57. Price EK, Mullen PA: A case of haemopericardium in the dog. Vet Rec 78:480–485, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
58. Reddy PS, Curtiss EI: Cardiac tamponade. Cardiol Clin 8:627–637, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
59. Rodgers KG: Cardiovascular shock. Emerg Med Clin North Am 13:793–810, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Rush JE, Keene BW, Fox PR: Pericardial disease in the cat: a retrospective evaluation of 66 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:39–46, 1990.
61. Santamore WP, Constantinescu MS, Bogen D, Johnston WE: Nonuniform distribution of normal pericardial fluid. Basic Res Card 85:541–549, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
62. Shabetai R: The role of the pericardium in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In Hosenpud JD, Greenberg BH, editors: Congestive heart failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and comprehensive approach to management, ed 1, New York, 1994, Springer-Verlag, pp 95–125.
63. Simpson DJ, Hunt GB, Church DB, Beck JA: Benign masses in the pericardium of two dogs. Aust Vet J 77:225–229, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
64. Sisson D, Thomas W: Pericardial disease and cardiac tumors. In Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, editors: Textbook of canine and feline cardiology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 679– 699.
65. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Reed J, et al: Intrapericardial cysts in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 7:364– 369, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
66. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Ruehl WW, Zinkl JG: Diagnostic value of pericardial fluid analysis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:51–55, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
67. Soulen RL: Magnetic resonance imaging of great vessel, myocardial, and pericardial disease. Circulation 84:311–321, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
68. Spodick DH: Acute cardiac tamponade. N Engl J Med 349:684–690, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
69. Spodick DH: Pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade [published erratum appears in Chest 114(2):662, 1998]. Chest 113:1372–1378, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
70. Thomas WP, Reed JR, Bauer TG, et al: Constrictive pericardial disease in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:546–553, 526 ref, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
71. Tobias AH, McNiel EA: Pericardial disorders and cardiac tumors. In Tilley LP, Smith FWK, Oyama MA, et al, editors: Manual of canine and feline cardiology, ed 4, St Louis, 2005, Saunders/Elsevier. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
72. Vogtli T, Gaschen F, Vogtli-Burger R, Lombard C: Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in dogs. A retrospective study of 10 cases (1989–1994) with a review of the literature. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 139:217–224, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
73. Walsh PJ, Remedios AM, Ferguson JF, et al: Thoracoscopic versus open partial pericardectomy in dogs: comparison of postoperative pain and morbidity. Vet Surg 28:472–479, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
74. Wooley RM, Devine CB, French AT: Left ventricular flow propagation using color M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of effusive-constrictive pericardial disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:366–369, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
75. Wright KN, DeNovo RCJ, Patton CS, et al: Effusive-constrictive pericardial disease secondary to osseous metaplasia of the pericardium in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:2091–2095, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
76. Zini E, Glaus TM, Bussadori C, et al: Evaluation of the presence of selected viral and bacterial nucleic acids in pericardial samples from dogs with or without idiopathic pericardial effusion. Vet J 179:225–229, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 108: Vascular Surgery
REFERENCES
1. Adin, CA, Gregory CR, Adin DB, et al: Evaluation of three peripheral arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis access in dogs. Vet Surg 31:405, 2002. PUBMED Abstract 2. Aguilo J, Rodriguez O, Gaete J, et al: Vascular anastomosis techniques in renal transplants. Int Angiol 10:39, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
3. Ayerdi J, Hodgson KJ: Fundamental techniques in endovascular surgery. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 747.
4. Bacha WJ, Wood LM: Cardiovascular system. In Bacha WJ, editor: Color atlas of veterinary histology, Philadelphia, 1990, Lea & Febiger, p 53.
5. Back MR, White RA: Biologic response to prosthetic dialysis grafts. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 61.
6. Beebe HG: Principles of arteriography. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 271.
7. Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Pollard RE, et al: Comparison of two surgical techniques for renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 28:417, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
8. Birchard SJ: Adrenalectomy. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 1694.
9. Brockman DJ, Holt DE, Gaynor JW, et al: Long-term palliation of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs by use of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:721, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
10. Burrows PE: Endovascular treatment of vascular anomalies. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 1650.
11. Butler-Howe LM, Boothe HW, Boothe DM, et al: Effects of vena caval banding in experimentally induced multiple portosystemic shunts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54:1774, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
12. Calfee EF, Lanz OI, Degner DA, et al: Microvascular free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis muscle in dogs. Vet Surg 31:32, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
13. Chanoit G, Kyles AE, Weisse CW, et al: Surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of dogs with hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Vet Surg 26:199, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
14. D’Amelio LF, Greco RS: Biologic properties of venous access devices. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 48.
15. Davies MG: Intimal hyperplasia: basic response to arterial and vein graft injury and reconstruction. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 149.
16. Davis H: Central venous catheterization. In Silverstein DC, Hopper K, editors: Small animal critical care medicine, St Louis, 2009, Saunders/Elsevier, p 267. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
17. Degner DA, Walshaw RW, Fowler JD, et al: Surgical approaches to recipient vessels of the fore- and hindlimbs for microvascular free tissue transfer in dogs. Vet Surg 34:297, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
18. Degner DA, Walshaw RW, Fowler JD, et al: Surgical approaches to recipient vessels of the head and neck for microvascular free tissue transfer in dogs. Vet Surg 33:200, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
19. Evans HE: The heart and arteries. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 586.
20. Evans HE: Veins. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 682.
21. Evans KL, Smeak DD, Cuoto CG, et al: Comparison of two indwelling central venous access catheters in dogs undergoing fractionated radiotherapy. Vet Surg 23:135, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
22. Gordon IL, Arefi M: Physiology of the arteriovenous fistula. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 33.
23. Gregory CR, Kyles AE, Bernsteen L, et al: Results of clinical renal transplantation in 15 dogs using triple drug immunosuppressive therapy. Vet Surg 35:105, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
24. Hellyer PW, Fails AD: Pain management for the surgical patient. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 2503.
25. Holsworth IG, Kyles AE, Bailiff NL, et al: Use of a jugular vein autograft for reconstruction of the cranial vena cava in a dog with invasive thymoma and cranial vena cava syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1205, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
26. Kerwin SC, Mauldin GE: Hemostasis, surgical bleeding, and transfusion. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 44.
27. Kidney DD: Radiologic intervention and instrumentation for salvage of hemodialysis access grafts. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 155.
28. Kyles AE, Feldman EC, DeCock HEV, et al: Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:654, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Lustig LR: The history of intratympanic drug therapy in otology. Otol Clin North Am 40:1001, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
30. Martin RA, Lanz OI, Tobias KM: Liver and biliary system. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 708.
31. Miller JM, Lanz OI, Degner DA: Rectus abdominis free muscle flap for reconstruction in nine dogs. Vet Surg 36:259, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Monnet E, Orton EC, Gaynor JS, et al: Open resection for subvalvular aortic stenoses in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1255, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
33. Pelosi A, Eyster GE, Dejardin LM, et al: Use of a jugular vein graft in a modified Blalock-Taussig procedure in dogs. Am J Vet Res 67:174, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Plumb DC: Plumb’s veterinary drug handbook, ed 6, Ames, IA, 2008, Blackwell Publishing.
35. Pomposelli FB, LoGerfo FW: The autogenous vein. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 695.
36. Rutherford RB: Basic vascular surgical techniques. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders/Elsevier, p 661.
37. Rutherford RB: Basic vascular techniques. In Rutherford RB, editor: Atlas of vascular surgery: basic techniques and exposures, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
38. Rutherford RB: Diagnostic evaluations of arteriovenous fistulas and vascular anomalies. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 1602.
39. Sackman J: Principles of vascular surgery. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 996.
40. Seldinger SI: Catheter placement of needles in percutaneous arteriography: a new technique. Acta Radiol 39:368, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
41. Sun F, Uson J, Crisostomo V, et al: Interventional cardiovascular techniques in small animal practice-embolotherapy and chemoembolization. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:402, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
42. Tillson DM: Spleen. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 1046.
43. Tobias KM, Cambridge A, Gavin P: Cyanoacrylate occlusion and resection of an arteriovenous fistula in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:785, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
44. Toombs JP, Clarke KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 199.
45. Veith FJ, Lipsitz EC, Gargiulo NJ, et al: Techniques for thromboembolectomy of native arteries and bypass grafts. In Rutherford RB, editor: Vascular surgery, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 672.
46. Weisse CW, Berent AC, Todd KL, et al: Potential applications of interventional radiology in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:1564, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
47. Weisse CW, Nicholson ME, Rollings C, et al: Use of percutaneous arterial embolization for treatment of intractable epistaxis in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1307, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
48. Weisse CW, Schwartz K, Stronger R, et al: Transjugular coil embolization of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1287, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
49. White GH, May J: Autogenous vein for fistulas and interpositional grafts. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 90.
50. Wilson SE: Autologous arteriovenous fistulas: direct anastomoses for hemodialysis access. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 82. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION XI: Urogenital System Chapter 109: Ovaries and Uterus
REFERENCES
1. Al-Bassam MA, Thomson RG, O’Donnell L: Involution abnormalities in the postpartum uterus of the bitch. Vet Pathol 18:208, 1981. PUBMED Abstract 2. Alvarez-Clau A, Liste F: Ultrasonographic characterization of the uterine artery in the nonestrus bitch. Ultrasound Med Biol 31:1583, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
3. American Veterinary Medical Association: AVMA policy early-age (prepubertal) spay/neuter of dogs and cats. Available at: http://www.avma.org/issues/policy/animal_welfare/spay_neuter.asp.
4. Anderson JR, Cornell KK, Parnell NK, et al: Pancreatic abscess in 36 dogs: a retrospective analysis of prognostic indicators. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:171, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
5. Andrews EJ, Stookey JL, Helland DR, et al: A histopathological study of canine and feline ovarian dysgerminomas. Can J Comp Med 38:85–89, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
6. Angioletti A, DeFrancesco I, Vergottini M, et al: Urinary incontinence after spaying in the bitch: incidence and oestrogen therapy. Vet Res Commun 28(suppl 1):153–155, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
7. Armstrong SR, Roberts BK, Aronsohn M: Perioperative hypothermia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 15:32–37, 2005.
8. Arnberg J: Extra-ovarian granulosa cell tumor in a cat. Feline Pract 10:26–32, 1980.
9. Arnold S: Urinary incontinence in castrated bitches. Part I—significance, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 139:271–276, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
10. Aronsohn MG, Faggella AM: Surgical techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:53–55, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
11. Asheim A: Pathogenesis of renal damage and polydipsia in dogs with pyometra. J Am Vet Med Assoc 147:736, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
12. Atalan G, Holt PE, Barr FJ: Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder neck mobility in continent bitches and bitches with urinary incontinence attributable to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Am J Vet Res 59:673–679, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
13. Austad R, Blom AK, Borresen B: Pyometra in the dog. III—a pathophysiological investigation. III. Plasma progesterone levels and ovarian morphology. Nord Vet Med 31:258, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
14. Austin B, Lanz OI, Hamilton SM, et al: Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in nine dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:391–396, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
15. Bamford OS, Dawes GS, Hanson MA, et al: The effects of doxapram on breathing, heart rate and blood pressure in fetal lambs. Respir Physiol 66:387, 1986. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Barrand KR: Unilateral uterine torsion associated with haematometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a bitch. Vet Rec 164:19, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
17. Barrerra J, Monnet E: In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of ligature versus suture for sealing the uterine horns and body. Proc 8th Annual Meeting Soc Vet Soft Tissue Surg 2009.
18. Bartoskova A, Vitasek R, Leva L, et al: Hysterectomy leads to fast improvement of haematological and immunological parameters in bitches with pyometra. J Small Anim Pract 48:564, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
19. Beccaglia M, Faustini M, Luvoni GC: Ultrasonographic study of deep portion of diencephalo- telencephalic vesicle for the determination of gestational age of the canine foetus. Reprod Domest Anim 43:367, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
20. Beccaglia M, Luvoni GC: Comparison of the accuracy of two ultrasonographic measurements in predicting the parturition date in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 47:670, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
21. Beck KA, Baldwin CJ, Bosu WTK: Ultrasound prediction of parturition in queens. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 31(1): 32–35, 1990.
22. Bergstrom A, Fransson BA, Lagerstedt AS, et al: Hormonal and electrolyte concentrations in bitches with primary uterine inertia. Theriogenology 73(8):1068–1075, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
23. Bergstrom A, Fransson B, Lagerstedt AS, et al: Primary uterine inertia in 27 bitches: aetiology and treatment. J Small Anim Pract 47:456, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
24. Bergstrom A, Nodtvedt A, Lagerstedt AS, et al: Incidence and breed predilection for dystocia and risk factors for cesarean section in a Swedish population of insured dogs. Vet Surg 35:786, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
25. Berzon JL: Complications of elective ovariohysterectomies in the dog and cat at a teaching institution: clinical review of 853 cases. Vet Surg 8:89–91, 1979.
26. Bigliardi E, Parmigiani E, Cavirani S, et al: Ultrasonography and cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch. Reprod Domest Anim 39:136, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
27. Biller DS, Haibel GK: Torsion of the uterus in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1128, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
28. Bomzon L: Rupture of the uterus following caesarean section in a bitch. Vet Rec 101:38, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
29. Borresen B: Pyometra in the dog—a pathophysiological investigation. I. The pyometra syndrome, a review. Nord Vet Med 27:508–517, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
30. Borresen B: Pyometra in the dog—a pathophysiological investigation. II. Anamnestic, clinical and reproductive aspects. Nord Vet Med 31:251, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
31. Borresen B: Pyometra in the dog—a pathophysiological investigation. IV. Functional derangement of extra-genital organs. Nord Vet Med 32:255, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
32. Borresen B, Skrede S: Pyometra in the dog—a pathophysiological investigation. V. The presence of intrahepatic cholestasis and an “acute phase reaction.” Nord Vet Med 32:378, 1980. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Bouchard GF, Malugani N, Youngquist RS, et al: Determination of ovulation in the bitch with a qualitative progesterone enzyme immunoassay in serum, plasma and whole blood. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 47:517, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
34. Bovee KC, Jezyk PF, Segal SC: Postnatal development of renal tubular amino acid reabsorption in canine pups. Am J Vet Res 45:830–832, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
35. Bowen RA, Olson PN, Behrendt MD, et al: Efficacy and toxicity of estrogens commonly used to terminate canine pregnancy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:783, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
36. Boyd JS, Renton JP, Harvey MJ, et al. Problems associated with ultrasonography of the canine ovary around the time of ovulation. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 47:101, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
37. Brodey RS, Roszel JF: Neoplasms of the canine uterus, vagina, and vulva: a clinicopathologic survey of 90 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:1294, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
38. Brown AJ: Torsion of the gravid uterus in a bitch. Vet Rec 94:202, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
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41. Burrow R, Batchelor D, Cripps P: Complications observed during and after ovariohysterectomy of 142 bitches at a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Rec 157:829, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
42. Burwell CS, Strayhorn WD, Flickinger D, et al: Circulation during pregnancy. Arch Intern Med 62:979, 1938.
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46. Chaffaux S, Thibier M: Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone in the bitch with pyometra. Ann Rech Vet 9:587, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
47. Chen YM, Wright PJ, Lee CS, et al: Uropathogenic virulence factors in isolates of Escherichia coli from clinical cases of canine pyometra and feces of healthy bitches. Vet Microbiol 94:57, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
48. Christie DW, Bell ET, Parkes MF, et al: Plasma progesterone levels in canine uterine disease. Vet Rec 90:704, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
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53. Concannon PW, Hansel W, McEntee K: Changes in LH, progesterone and sexual behavior associated with preovulatory luteinization in the bitch. Biol Reprod 17:604, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
54. Concannon PW, Hansel W, Visek WJ: The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone. Biol Reprod 13:112, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
55. Concannon P, Rendano V: Radiographic diagnosis of canine pregnancy: onset of fetal skeletal radiopacity in relation to times of breeding, preovulatory luteinizing hormone release, and parturition. Am J Vet Res 44:1506, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
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60. Coutinho EM, Maia HS: The contractile response of the human uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovary to prostaglandins in vivo. Fertil Steril 22:539, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
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64. Culp WTN, Mayhew PD, Brown DC: The effect of laparoscopic versus open ovariectomy on postsurgical activity in small dogs. Proc 5th Vet Endosc Soc Annu Meet, 2008.
65. Dabrowski R, Wawron W, Kostro K: Changes in CRP, SAA and haptoglobin produced in response to ovariohysterectomy in healthy bitches and those with pyometra. Theriogenology 67:321, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
66. Darvelid AW, Linde-Forsberg C: Dystocia in the bitch: a retrospective study of 182 cases. J Small Anim Pract 35:402–407, 1994.
67. Davidson AP: Uterine and fetal monitoring in the bitch. Vet Clin North Am 31:305, 2001.
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75. De Schepper J, van der Stock J, Capiau E: The characteristic pattern of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the bitch with the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex: effect of medical or surgical treatment. Vet Res Commun 11:65, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
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260. Prymak C, McKee LJ, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:706–712, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
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278. Seguin MA, Vaden SL, Altier C, et al: Persistent urinary tract infections and reinfections in 100 dogs (1989–1999). J Vet Intern Med 17:622–631, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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281. Shull RM, Johnston SD, Johnston GR, et al: Bilateral torsion of uterine horns in a nongravid bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 172:601–603, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
282. Sloth C: Practical management of obesity in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 33:178–182, 1992.
283. Smith FO: Postpartum diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 16:521, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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285. Sorenmo KU, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH: Effect of spaying and timing of spaying on survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 14:266, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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287. Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA: Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:380–387, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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296. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, et al: Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on physical and behavioral development in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1864–1871, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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301. Taylor R: Suturing and stapling in elective procedures. DVM Best Pract Oct:10–12, 2003.
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307. Traas AM: Resuscitation of canine and feline neonates. Theriogenology 70:343–348, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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317. Veronesi MC, Battocchio M, Marinelli L, et al: Correlations among body temperature, plasma progesterone, cortisol and prostaglandin F2alpha of the periparturient bitch. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 49:264, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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319. Verstegen JP, Silva LD, Onclin K, et al: Echocardiographic study of heart rate in dog and cat fetuses in utero. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 47:175, 1993. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
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321. Wadas (Fransson) B, Kuhn I, Lagerstedt AS, et al: Biochemical phenotypes of Escherichia coli in dogs: comparison of isolates isolated from bitches suffering from pyometra and urinary tract infection with isolates from faeces of healthy dogs. Vet Microbiol 52:293, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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324. Wallace MS: The ovarian remnant syndrome in the bitch and queen. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 21:501, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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327. Watson PF, Glover TE: Vaginal anatomy of the domestic cat (Felis catus) in relation to copulation and artificial insemination. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 47:355, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
328. Watts JR, Wright PJ, Lee CS, et al: New techniques using transcervical uterine cannulation for the diagnosis of uterine disorders in bitches. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 51:283–293, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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337. Yates D, McCoubrey GP: Abdominal distension in a cat. Vet Rec 141:27, 1997. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
338. Young JD, Hillis GP, McKibbin ML: Uterine torsion in a cat. Can Vet J 32:479, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
339. Zone MA, Wanke MM: Diagnosis of canine fetal health by ultrasonography. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 57:215, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 110: Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva
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25. Memon MA, Pavletic MM, Kumar MS: Chronic vaginal prolapse during pregnancy in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:295–297, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
26. Miller JM, Lambrechts NE, Martin RA, et al: Persistent vulvar hemorrhage secondary to vaginal hemangioma in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:86–89, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Mostachio GQ, Vicente WR, Cardilli DJ, et al: Anovulvar cleft and vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia in a bitch. J Small Anim Pract 48:713–715, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
28. Noguchi K, Tsukumi K, Urano T: Qualitative and quantitative differences in normal vaginal flora of conventionally reared mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. Comp Med 53:404–412, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Patnaik AK: Canine extraskeletal osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Vet Pathol 27:46–55, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
30. Purswell B: Use of vaginal cytology and vaginal cultures for breeding management and diagnosis of reproductive tract disease. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy, vol XIV, Philadelphia, 2009, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 980–982.
31. Rahal SC, Vicente CS, Mortari AC, et al: Rectovaginal fistula with anal atresia in 5 dogs. Can Vet J 48:827–830, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Rawlings CA, Capps WF Jr: Rectovaginal fistula and imperforate anus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:320–326, 1971. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Root Kustritz MV: Collection of tissue and culture samples from the canine reproductive tract. Theriogenology 66:567–574, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
34. Root MV, Johnston SD, Johnston GR: Vaginal septa in dogs: 15 cases (1983–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:56–58, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
35. Salomon JF, Deneuche A, Viguier E: Vaginectomy and urethroplasty as a treatment for non- pedunculated vaginal tumours in four bitches. J Small Anim Pract 45:157–161, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
36. Soderberg SF: Vaginal disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 16:543–559, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
37. Stolzenburg JU, Dorschner W, Postenjak M, et al: Sphincteric musculature of female canine urethra in comparison to woman including 3D reconstruction. Cells Tissues Organs 170:151–161, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
38. Suzuki K, Nakatani K, Shibuya H, et al: Vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 43:186– 188, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
39. Thacher C, Bradley RL: Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Vet Med Assoc 183:690–692, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
40. Tsumagari S, Takagi K, Takeishi M, et al: A case of a bitch with imperforate hymen and hydrocolpos. J Vet Med Sci 63:475–477, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Viehoff FW, Sjollema BE: Hydrocolpos in dogs: surgical treatment in two cases. J Small Anim Pract 44:404–407, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
42. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology 66:726–735, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
43. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal, and urethral relations in spayed dogs with and without lower urinary tract signs. J Vet Intern Med 20:1065–1073, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
44. Whitacre MD, Tate LP, Estill CT, et al: Transendoscopic Nd:YAG laser ablation of vaginal septa in a bitch. Vet Surg 20:257–259, 1991. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 111: Testes and Scrotum
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1. Althouse GC, Evans LE, Hopkins SM: Episodic scrotal mutilation with concurrent bilateral sperm granuloma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:776–778, 1993. PUBMED Abstract 2. Ashdown RR: The diagnosis of cryptorchidism in young dogs: a review of the problem. J Small Anim Pract 4:261–263, 1963.
3. Barnett BD: Chemical vasectomy of domestic dogs in the Galapagos Islands. Theriogenology 23:499–509, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bellah JR, Spencer CP, Salmeri, KR: Hemiprostatic urethral avulsion during cryptorchid orchiectomy in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:553–556, 1989.
5. Berman JM, Beidle TR, Kunberger LE, et al: Sonographic evaluation of acute intrascrotal pathology. Am J Roentgenol 166:857–861, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
6. Birchard SL, Nappier M: Cryptorchidism. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet June:325–337, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
7. Broadhurst JJ: Neoplasms of the reproductive system. In Kirk RW, editor: Current veterinary therapy V, Philadelphia, 1964, Saunders, p 928.
8. Brodey RS: Multiple genital neoplasia (mast cell sarcoma, seminoma, and Sertoli cell tumor) in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 128:450–451, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bryan JN, Keeler MR, Henry CJ, et al: A population of neutering status as a risk factor for canine prostatic cancer. Prostate 67:1174–1181, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
10. Burns M, Fraser MN: Genetic abnormalities. In Genetics of the dog: the basis of successful breeding, ed 2, Edinburgh, 1966, Oliver and Boyd, p 120.
11. Cerundolo R, Maiolino P: Review, cutaneous lesions of the canine scrotum. Vet Dermatol 13:63– 76, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
12. Cooley DM, Beranek BC, Schlittler DL, et al: Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1434–1440, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
13. Copland MD, Maclachlan NJ: Aplasia of the epididymis and vas deferens in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 17:443–449, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
14. Cox VS, Wallace LJ, Jessen CR: An anatomic and genetic study of canine cryptorchidism. Teratology 18:233–240, 1968.
15. Dahlbom M, Makinen A, Suominen J: Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology as a diagnostic tool in dog fertility. J Small Anim Pract 38:506–512, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
16. Dhaliwal RS, Kitchell BE, Knight BL, et al: Treatment of aggressive testicular tumors in four dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:311–318, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
17. Dow C: Testicular tumours in the dog. J Comp Pathol 72:247–265, 1962. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
18. Doxsee AL, Yager JA, Best SJ, et al: Extratesticular interstitial and Sertoli cell tumors in previously neutered dogs and cats: a report of 17 cases. Can Vet J 47:763–766, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
19. Dunn ML, Foster WJ, Goddard KM: Cryptorchidism in dogs: a clinical survey. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 4:180–182, 1968.
20. Edwards DF: Bone marrow hypoplasia in a feminized dog with a Sertoli cell tumor. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:494–496, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
21. England GW, Allen WE, Porter DJ: Evaluation of the testosterone response to hCG and the identification of a presumed anorchid dog. J Small Anim Pract 30:441–443, 1989.
22. Eskew NE, Kuhn EF: Case report: abdominal pain due to torsion of a retained testicle. Vet Med 56:212–213, 1961.
23. Esplin DG, Wilson SR: Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic to the testes and associated structures in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:287–290, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The urogenital system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 504.
25. Fadok VA, Lothrop CD, Coulson P: Hyperprogesteronemia associated with Sertoli cell tumor and alopecia in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:1058–1059, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
26. Freitag T, Jerram RM, Walker AM, et al: Surgical management of common canine prostatic conditions. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 29:656–673, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
27. Gonzalez A, Allen AF, Post K, et al: Immunological approaches to contraception in dogs. J Reprod Fert Suppl 39:189–198, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
28. George LW, Duncan JR, Carmichael LE: Semen examination in dogs with canine brucellosis. Am J Vet Res 40:1589–1595, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
29. Gobello C, Corrada Y: Acquired infertility in male dog with normal libido. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet Jan:18–28, 2004.
30. Grootenhuis AJ, Sluijs FS, Steenbergen KJ, et al: Inhibin, gonadotrophins and sex steroids in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours. J Endocrinology 127:235–242, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
31. Hart BL, Barrett RE: Effects of castration on fighting, roaming, and urine spraying in adult male cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:290–292, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
32. Harvey CE: Scrotal ablation and castration in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 9:170–171, 1973.
33. Hayes HM, Pendergrass TW: Canine testicular tumors: epidemiologic feature of 410 dogs. Int J Cancer 18:482–487, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
34. Hayes HM, Wilson GP, Pendergrass TW, et al: Canine cryptorchidism and subsequent testicular neoplasia: case-control study with epidemiologic update. Teratology 32:51–56, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
35. Hecht S, King R, Tidwell AS, et al: Ultrasound diagnosis: intra-abdominal torsion of a non- neoplastic testicle in a cryptorchid dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:58–61, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
36. Herron MA: A potential consequence of prepubertal feline castration. Feline Pract 1:17–19, 1971. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
37. Hopkins M, Evans LE: Artificial insemination. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 341.
38. Howe LM: Short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:57–62, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
39. Howe LM: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology 66:500–509, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
40. Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, et al: Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1661–1665, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
41. Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, et al: Long–term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:217–221, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
42. Humane Society of the United States: Crisis of pet overpopulation. Available at: http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/pet_overpopulation_and_ownership_statistic s/the_crisis_of_pet_overpopulation. html.
43. Immegart HM, Threlfall WR: Evaluation of intratesticular injection of glycerol for nonsurgical sterilization of dogs. Am J Vet Res 61:544–549, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
44. Johnston DE, Archibald J: Male genital system. In Archibald J, Catcott EJ, Pennock PW, Norris AM, editors: Canine and feline surgery, Santa Barbara, CA, 1984, American Veterinary Publications, p 293.
45. Johnston GR, Feeney DA, Johnston SD, et al: Ultrasonographic features of testicular neoplasia in dogs: 16 cases (1980–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1779–1784, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
46. Larson RE: Evaluation of fertility problems in the male dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:735–745, 1977.
47. Larson RE: Testicular biopsy in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:747–755, 1977.
48. Levy JK, Crawford PC, Appel LD, et al: Comparison of intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate versus surgical castration to sterilize male dogs. Am J Vet Res 69:140–143, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Lew M, Jalynski M, Kasprowicz A, et al: Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in dogs: report of 15 cases. Pol J Vet Sci 8:251–254, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
50. Lipowitz AJ, Schwartz A, Wilson GP, et al: Testicular neoplasms and concomitant clinical changes in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:1364–1368, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
51. Kadota K, Uchida K, Nagatomo T, et al: Granulomatous epididymitis related to Rhodotorula glutinis infection in a dog. Vet Pathol 32:716–718, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
52. Kayler S: Spaying/neutering comes of age. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:591–593, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Yamada Y, et al: Cryptorchidism in the dog: occurrence of cryptorchidism and semen quality in the cryptorchid dog. Jpn J Vet Sci 46:303–308, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
54. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Yamada Y, et al: Testicular function of scrotal testes after the cryptorchidectomy in dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. Jpn J Vet Sci 50:1239–1244, 1988. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
55. Kawakami E, Yamada Y, Tsutsui T, et al: Changes in plasma androgen levels and testicular histology with descent of the testis in the dog. J Vet Med Sci 55:931–935, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
56. Macintire DK: The acute abdomen-differential diagnosis and management. Semin Vet Med Surg 3:302–310, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Majeed ZZ: Segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct: a case report in a Poodle. J Small Anim Pract 15:263–268, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
58. Mattoon JS: Prostate and testes. In Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, editors: Small animal diagnostic ultrasound, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 259.
59. McNeil PE, Weaver AD: Massive scrotal swelling in two unusual cases of canine Sertoli-cell tumour. Vet Rec 106:144–146, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
60. Metzger FL, Hattel AL, White DG: Hematuria, hyperestrogenemia, and hyperprogesteronemia due to a Sertoli-cell tumor in a bilaterally cryptorchid dog. Canine Pract 18:32–35, 1993.
61. Miller NA, Van Lue SJ, Rawlings CA: Use of laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:875–878, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
62. Millis DL, Hauptman JG, Johnson CA: Cryptorchidism and monorchism in cats: 25 cases (1980– 1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:1128–1930, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
63. Morgan RV: Blood dyscrasias associated with testicular tumors in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 18:970–975, 1982.
64. Moulton JE: Tumors of the genital system. In Moulton JE, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, Berkeley, 1978, University of California Press, p 309.
65. Naylor RW, Thompson SR: Intra-abdominal testicular torsion—a report of two cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:763–766, 1979.
66. Neilson SW, Kennedy PC: Tumors of the genital system. In Moulton JE, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, ed 3, Berkeley, 1990, University of California Press, p 479.
67. Ober CP, Spaulding K, Breitschwerdt EB, et al: Orchitis in two dogs with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:458–465, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
68. Olar TT, Amann RP, Pickett BW: Relationships among testicular size, daily production and output of spermatozoa, and extragonadal spermatozoal reserves of the dog. Bio Reprod 29:1114–1120, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
69. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Johnson GF: Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma. Vet Pathol 15:600–607, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
70. Pearson H, Kelly DF: Testicular torsion in the dog: a review of 13 cases. Vet Rec 97:200–204, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
71. Pendergrass TW, Hayes HM: Cryptorchidism and related defects in dogs: epidemiologic comparison with man. Teratology 12:51–55, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
72. Pettit GD: There’s more than one way to castrate a cat. Mod Vet Pract 62:713–716, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
73. Pineda MH: Reproductive patterns of cats. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 505.
74. Pineda MH: Reproductive patterns of dogs. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 445.
75. Pineda MH, Dooley MP: Surgical and chemical vasectomy in the cat. Am J Vet Res 45:291–300, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
76. Pineda MH, Reimers TJ, Faulkner LC: Disappearance of spermatozoa from the ejaculates of vasectomized dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:502–503, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
77. Priester WA, Glass AG, Waggoner NS: Congenital defects in domesticated animals: general considerations. Am J Vet Res 31:1871–1879, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
78. Reece WO: Male reproduction. In Troy DB, editor: Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p 379.
79. Reif JS, Brodey RS: The relationship between cryptorchidism and canine testicular neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155: 2005–2010, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
80. Reif JS, Maguire TG, Kenney RM, et al: A cohort study of canine testicular neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:719–723, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
81. Rhoades JD, Foley CW: Cryptorchidism and intersexuality. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:789–794, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
82. Richardson EF, Mullen H: Cryptorchidism in cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:1342– 1345, 1993.
83. Robinson R: Genetic defects in cats. Compan Anim Pract August:10–14, 1987.
84. Romagnoli SE: Canine cryptorchidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 21:533–544, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Root MV, Johnston SD, Olson PN: The effect of prepuberal and postpubertal gonadectomy on radial physeal closure in male and female domestic cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:42–47, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
86. Root Kustritz MV: Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1665–1675, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
87. Root Kustritz MV: Early spay-neuter: clinical considerations. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 17:124– 128, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
88. Ruble RP, Hird DW: Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:633–636, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
89. Schiff JD, Li PS, Schlegel PN, et al: Rapid disappearance of spermatozoa after vassal occlusion in the dog. J Andrology 24:361–363, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Schulz KS, Waldron DR, Smith MM, et al: Inadvertent prostatectomy as a complication of cryptorchidectomy in four dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:211–214, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
91. Schneider R, Dorn CR, Taylor DN: Factors influencing canine mammary cancer development and postsurgical survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 43:1249–1261, 1969. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
92. Scott DW, Reimers TJ: Tail gland and perianal gland hyperplasia associated with testicular neoplasia and hypertestosteronemia in a dog. Canine Pract 13:15–17, 1986.
93. Sherding RG, Wilson GP, Kociba GJ: Bone marrow hypoplasia in eight dogs with Sertoli cell tumor. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:496–501, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
94. Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA: Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:372–379, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
95. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scrugg SL, et al: Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on physical and behavioral development in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1864–1871, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
96. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, et al: Prepubertal gonadectomy in the domestic feline: effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral development. Vet Surg 22:401, 1993.
97. Suess RP, Barr SC, Sacre BJ, et al: Bone marrow hypoplasia in a feminized dog with an interstitial cell tumor. J Vet Med Assoc 200:1346–1348, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
98. Swalec KM, Smeak DD: Priapism after castration in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:963–964, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
99. Taha MB, Noakes DE, Allen WE: Hemicastration and castration in the Beagle dog; the effects on libido, peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations, seminal characteristics and testicular function. J Small Anim Pract 23:279–285, 1982.
100. Tartaglia L, Waugh A: Survival, development and defense. In Tartaglia L, Waugh A, editors: Veterinary physiology and applied anatomy: a textbook for veterinary nurses and technicians, ed 2, Edinburgh, 2005, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, p 149.
101. Theran P: Early-age neutering of dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:914–917, 1993.
102. Tremblay Y, Belanger A, Lacoste D, et al: Selective inhibition of spermatogenesis in the presence of normal libido following combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and testosterone in the dog. Contraception 30:583–599, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
103. Wensing CG: Morphology of normal and abnormal testicular descent and the regulation of this process. In Leung PK, Armstrong DT, Ruf KB, et al, editors: Endocrinology and physiology of reproduction, New York, 1987, Plenum Press, p 261.
104. Wilson GP, Hayes HM: Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1301–1303, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
105. Withrow SJ, Reeves NP: Tumors of the male reproductive tract. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1996, Saunders, p 373.
106. Yates D, Hayes G, Heffernan M, et al: Incidence of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 152:502–504, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 112: Penis and Prepuce
REFERENCES
1. Ader PL, Hobson HP: Hypospadias: a review of the veterinary literature and a report of three cases in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:721, 1978. 2. Baldwin CJ: Vaginal-vulvar and preputial discharge. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, Elsevier Saunders, 2005, p 98.
3. Balke J: Persistent penile frenulum in a Cocker Spaniel. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 76:988, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bennett D, Baughan J, Murphy F: Wedge osteotomy of the os penis to correct penile deviation. J Sm Anim Pract 27:379, 1986.
5. Bharadwaj MB, Calhoun ML: Mode of formation of the preputial cavity in domesticated animals. Am J Vet Res 22:764, 1961.
6. Bleier T, Lewitschek HP, Reinacher M: Canine osteosarcoma of the penile bone. J Vet Med 50:397, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bright SR, Mellanby RJ: Congenital phimosis in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 6:367, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brown NO, Calvert ML, MacEwen EG: Chemotherapeutic management of transmissible venereal tumors in 30 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:983, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
9. Carati CJ, Creed KE, Keogh EJ: Vascular changes during penile erection in the dog. J Physiol 400:75, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
10. Colleen S, Holmquist B, Olin T: An angiographic study of erection in the dog. Urol Res 9:297, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cornegliani L, Vercelli A, Abramo F: Idiopathic mucosal penile squamous papillomas in dogs. Vet Dermatol 20:439, 2009.
12. Croshaw JE Jr, Brodey RS: Failure of preputial closure in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 136:450, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
13. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The urogenital system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 494.
14. Hall MA, Swenberg LN: Genital emergencies. In Kirk RW, editor: Current veterinary therapy VI: small animal practice, Philadelphia, 1977, Saunders, p 1216.
15. Hayes AG, Paveletic MM, Schwartz A, et al: A preputial splitting technique for surgery of the canine penis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:291, 1994.
16. Hobson HP: Surgical pathophysiology of the penis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, p 552.
17. Hobson HP: Surgical procedures of the penis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 527. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
18. Hutchison JA: Persistence of the penile frenulum in dogs. Can Vet J 14:71, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
19. Johnston DE, Archibald J: Male genital system. In Archibald J, editor: Canine and feline surgery, Santa Barbara, CA, 1984, American Veterinary Publications, p 293.
20. Johnston SD: Disorders of the external genitalia of the male. In Ettinger SJ, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1989, Saunders, p 1881.
21. Krotscheck U, Boothe HW: Surgically treating traumatic phimosis in a kitten. Vet Med 99:515, 2004.
22. Ladds PW: The male genital system. In Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, editors: Pathology of domestic animals, ed 4, New York, 1993, Academic Press, p 471.
23. Leighton R: A simple surgical correction for chronic penile protrusion. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:667, 1976.
24. Ndiritu CG: Lesions of the canine penis and prepuce. Mod Vet Pract 60:712, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
25. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, et al: The viscera of domestic mammals, ed 2, New York, 1973, Springer-Verlag, p 304.
26. O’Keefe DA: Tumors of the genital system and mammary glands. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1995, Saunders, p 1699.
27. Papazoglou LG: Idiopathic chronic penile protrusion in the dog: a report of six cases. J Sm Anim Pract 42:510, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
28. Papazoglou LG, Kazakos GM: Surgical conditions of the canine penis and prepuce. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:204, 2002.
29. Pavletic MM, O’Bell SA: Subtotal penile amputation and preputial urethrostomy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:375, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
30. Pineda MH: Male reproduction. In McDonald LE, Pineda MH, editors: Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1989, Lea & Febiger, p 261.
31. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Surgical reconstruction of a hypoplastic prepuce. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:73, 1986.
32. Proescholdt TA, DeYoung DW, Evans LE: Preputial reconstruction for phimosis and infantile penis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:725, 1977.
33. Smith MM, Gourley IM: Preputial reconstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1493, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
34. Somerville ME, Anderson SM: Phallopexy for treatment of paraphimosis in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:397, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
35. Spurgeon TL, Kitchell RL, Lohse DL: Physiologic properties of contraction of the canine cremaster and cranial preputial muscles. Am J Vet Res 39:1884, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
36. Stead AC: Fracture of the os penis in the dog—two case reports. J Sm Anim Pract 13:19, 1972. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 113: Prostate
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3. Barsanti JA, Shotts EB Jr, Prasse K, et al: Evaluation of diagnostic techniques for canine prostatic diseases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 177(2):160, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
4. Basinger RR, Rawlings CA, Barsanti JA, et al: Urodynamic alterations after prostatectomy in dogs without clinical prostatic disease. Vet Surg 16(6):405, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
5. Basinger RR, Robinette CL, Spaulding KA: Prostate. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders/Elsevier, p 1542.
6. Bell FW, Klausner JS, Hayden DW, et al: Clinical and pathologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in sexually intact and castrated dogs: 31 cases (1970–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199(11):1623, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bell FW, Klausner JS, Hayden DW, et al: Evaluation of serum and seminal plasma markers in the diagnosis of canine prostatic disorders. J Vet Intern Med 9(3):149, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
8. Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Ewing LL: Effects of aging on prostate growth in beagles. Am J Physiol 250(6 Pt 2):1039, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
9. Berry SJ, Strandberg JD, Saunders WJ, et al: Development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. Prostate 9(4):363, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
10. Boland LE, Hardie RJ, Gregory SP, et al: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage as the primary treatment for prostatic abscesses and cysts in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39(2):151, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
11. Bradbury CA, Westropp JL, Pollard RE: Relationship between prostatomegaly, prostatic mineralization, and cytologic diagnosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50(2):167, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
12. Branam JE, Keen CL, Ling GV, et al: Selected physical and chemical characteristics of prostatic fluid collected by ejaculation from healthy dogs and from dogs with bacterial prostatitis. Am J Vet Res 45(4):825, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
13. Bray JP, White RA, Williams JM: Partial resection and omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic retention cysts in dogs. Vet Surg 26(3):202, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
14. Brendler CB, Berry SJ, Ewing LL, et al: Spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia in the beagle. Age-associated changes in serum hormone levels, and the morphology and secretory function of the canine prostate. J Clin Invest 71(5):1114, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
15. Bussadori C, Bigliardi E, D’Agnolo G, et al: The percutaneous drainage of prostatic abscesses in the dog. Radiol Med 98(5):391, 1999. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Caney SM, Holt PE, Day MJ, et al: Prostatic carcinoma in two cats. J Small Anim Pract 39(3):140, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
17. Chandler JA, Sinowatz F, Timms BG, et al: The subcellular distribution of zinc in dog prostate studied by x-ray microanalysis. Cell Tissue Res 185(1):89, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
18. Chapdelaine P, Dubé JY, Frenette G, et al: Identification of arginine esterase as the major androgen-dependent protein secreted by dog prostate and preliminary molecular characterization in seminal plasma. J Androl 5(3):206, 1084.
19. Coffey DS, Walsh PC: Clinical and experimental studies of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am 17(3):461, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
20. Cornell KK, Bostwick DG, Cooley DM, et al: Clinical and pathologic aspects of spontaneous canine prostate carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 76 cases. Prostate 45(2):173, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
21. Cowan LA, Barsanti JA, Brown J, et al: Effects of bacterial infection and castration on prostatic tissue zinc concentration in dogs. Am J Vet Res 52(8):1262, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
22. Cowan LA, Barsanti JA, Crowell W, et al: Effects of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199(3):346, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
23. Ding VD, Moller DE, Feeney WP, et al: Sex hormone-binding globulin mediates prostate androgen receptor action via a novel signaling pathway. Endocrinology 139(1):213, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Dorso L, Chanut F, Howroyd P, et al: Variability in weight and histological appearance of the prostate of beagle dogs used in toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol 36(7):917, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Dubé JY, Frenette G, Chapdelaine P, et al: Biochemical characteristics of the proteins secreted by dog prostate, a review. Exp Biol 43(3):149, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dubé JY, Lazure C, Tremblay RR: Dog prostate arginine esterase is related to human prostate specific antigen. Clin Invest Med 9(1):51, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
27. England GC, Allen WE, Middleton DJ: An investigation into the origin of the first fraction of the canine ejaculate. Res Vet Sci 49(1):66, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
28. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The urogenital system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 514.
29. Ewing LL, Thompson DL Jr, Cochran RC, et al: Testicular androgen and estrogen secretion and benign prostatic hyperplasia in the beagle. Endocrinology 114(4):1308, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
30. Fair WR, Cordonnier JJ: The pH of prostatic fluid: a reappraisal and therapeutic implications. J Urol 120(6):695, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
31. Fan TM, de Lorimer LP: Tumours of the male reproductive system. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow and McEwan’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, p 637.
32. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP, O’Dell-Anderson K, et al: Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 21(3):431, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Feeney DA, Johnston GR, Klausner JS, et al: Canine prostatic disease—comparison of radiographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190(8):1018, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
34. Feeney DA, Johnston GR, Klausner JS, et al: Canine prostatic disease–comparison of ultrasonographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981– 1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190(8):1027, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
35. Frenette G, Dubé JY, Tremblay RR: Origin of alkaline phosphatase of canine seminal plasma. Arch Androl 16(3):235, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
36. Frenette G, Dubé JY, Lacoste D, et al: Radioimmunoassay in blood plasma of arginine esterase: the major secretory product of dog prostate. Prostate 10(2):145, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
37. Gallardo-Arrieta F, Mogas T, Magán L, et al: Ultrastructural changes in prostate cells during hormone-induced canine prostatic hyperplasia. Ultrastruct Pathol 30(6):435, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Gallardo F, Mogas T, Baró T, et al: Expression of androgen, oestrogen alpha and beta, and progesterone receptors in the canine prostate: differences between normal, inflamed, hyperplastic and neoplastic glands. J Comp Pathol 136(1):1, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gauthier ER, Chapdelaine P, Tremblay RR, et al: Transcriptional regulation of dog prostate arginine esterase gene by androgens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 94(2):155, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
40. Glennon JC, Flanders JA: Decreased incidence of postoperative urinary incontinence with a modified Penrose drain technique for treatment of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Cornell Vet 83(3):189, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gordon N: Surgical anatomy of the bladder, prostate gland and urethra in the male dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 136:215, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
42. Gordon N: The position of the canine prostate gland. Am J Vet Res 22:142, 1961.
43. Gourley IMG, Osborne CA: Marsupialization—a treatment for prostatic abscess in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2:100, 1966.
44. Grieco V, Riccardi E, Rondena M, et al: The distribution of oestrogen receptors in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostate, as demonstrated immunohistochemically. J Comp Pathol 135(1):11, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Hardie EM, Stone EA, Spaulding KA, et al: Subtotal canine prostatectomy with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Vet Surg 19(5):348, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
46. Hayden DW, Bartges JW, Bell FW, et al: Prostatic hemangiosarcoma in a dog: clinical and pathologic findings. J Vet Diagn Invest 4(2):209, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
47. Hayden DW, Klausner JS, Waters DJ: Prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 11(3):283, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hecht S: Male reproductive tract. In Penninck D, d’Anjou MA, editors: Atlas of small animal ultrasonography, Oxford, UK, 2008, Blackwell Publishing, p 417.
49. Hodson N: On the intrinsic blood supply to the prostate and pelvic urethra in the dog. Res Vet Sci 9(3):274, 1968. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Hoffer RE, Dykes NL, Greiner TP: Marsupialization as a treatment for prostatic disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:98, 1977.
51. Isaacs JT, Coffey DS: Changes in dihydrotestosterone metabolism associated with the development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia. Endocrinology 108(2):445, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
52. Juniewicz PE, Barbolt TA, Egy MA, et al: Effects of androgen and antiandrogen treatment on canine prostatic arginine esterase. Prostate 17(2):101, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Ogasa A: Histological observations of the reproductive organs of the male dog from birth to sexual maturity. J Vet Med Sci 53(2):241, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
54. Kincaide LF, Sanghvi NT, Cummings O, et al: Noninvasive ultrasonic subtotal ablation of the prostate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 57(8):1225, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
55. Klausner JS, Johnston SD, Bell FW: Canine prostatic disorders. In Bonagura J, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XII, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1995, p 1103.
56. Krawiec DR, Heflin DJ: Study of prostatic disease in dogs: 177 cases (1981–1986). Am Vet Med Assoc 200(8):1119, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
57. Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, et al: Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostate cancer. Prostate 68(5):477, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
58. Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, et al: Comparative characterization of the canine normal prostate in intact and castrated animals. Prostate 68(5):498, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
59. Lee-Parritz DE, Lamb CR: Prostatic adenocarcinoma with osseous metastases in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192(11):1569, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
60. L’Eplattenier HF, Klem B, Teske E, et al: Preliminary results of intraoperative photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in dogs with prostate carcinoma. Vet J 178(2):202, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
61. L’Eplattenier HF, Lai CL, van den Ham R, et al: Regulation of COX-2 expression in canine prostate carcinoma: increased COX-2 expression is not related to inflammation. J Vet Intern Med 21(4):776, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
62. L’Eplattenier HF, van Nimwegen SA, van Sluijs FJ, et al: Partial prostatectomy using Nd:YAG laser for management of canine prostate carcinoma. Vet Surg 35(4):406, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
63. LeRoy BE, Sellers RS, Rosol TJ: Canine prostate stimulates osteoblast function using the endothelin receptors. Prostate 59(2):148, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
64. Liptak JM, Brutscher SP, Monnet E, et al: Transurethral resection in the management of urethral and prostatic neoplasia in 6 dogs. Vet Surg 33(5):505, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
65. Lucroy MD, Bowles MH, Higbee RG, et al: Photodynamic therapy for prostatic carcinoma in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 17(2):235, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
66. Mainwairing CJ: Primary lymphoma of the prostate in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 31:12, 1990.
67. Moore KL, Persaud TVN: Before we are born: essentials of embryology and birth defects, ed 7, Philadelphia, 2008, Saunders Elsevier. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
68. Moore RB, Xiao Z, Owen RJ, et al: Photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate: intra-arterial drug delivery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 31(1):164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
69. Mullen HS, Matthiesen NDT, Scavelli TD: Results of surgery and postoperative complications in 92 dogs treated for prostatic abscessation by a multiple Penrose drain technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:369, 1990.
70. Nyland TG, Wallack ST, Wisner ER: Needle-tract implantation following US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, and prostate. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(1):50, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
71. Obradovich J, Walshaw R, Goullaud E: The influence of castration on the development of prostatic carcinoma in the dog. 43 cases (1978–1985). J Vet Intern Med 1(4):183, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
72. O’Shea JD: Studies on the canine prostate gland. I: factors influencing its weight and size. J Comp Pathol 72:321, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
73. Pennefather JN, Lau WA, Mitchelson F, et al: The autonomic and sensory innervation of the smooth muscle of the prostate gland: a review of pharmacological and histological studies. J Auton Pharmacol 20(4):193, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
74. Powe JR, Canfield PJ, Martin PA: Evaluation of the cytologic diagnosis of canine prostatic disorders. Vet Clin Pathol 33(3):150, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
75. Price D: Comparative aspects of development and structure of the prostate. In Biology of the prostate and related tissues, National Cancer Institute Monograph 12:1, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
76. Rawlings CA, Crowell WA, Barsanti JA, et al: Intracapsular subtotal prostatectomy in normal dogs: use of an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. Vet Surg 23(3):182, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Barsanti JA, et al: Use of partial prostatectomy for treatment of prostatic abscesses and cysts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(7):868, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
78. Read RA, Stanley B: Urethral bleeding as a presenting sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the dog: a retrospective study (1979–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31(3):261, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
79. Renfrew H, Barrett EL, Bradley KJ, et al: Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of canine paraprostatic cysts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(5):444, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
80. Rohleder JJ, Jones JC: Emphysematous prostatitis and carcinoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38(5):478, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
81. Ross WE, Pardo AD: Evaluation of an omental pedicle extension technique in the dog. Vet Surg 22(1):37, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
82. Ruel Y, Barthez PY, Mailles A, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the prostate in healthy intact dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39(3):212, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
83. Shapiro E, Lepor H: Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in canine lower genitourinary tissues: insight into development and function. J Urol 138(4):979, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
84. Shull RM, Hayden DW, Johnston GR: Urogenital blastomycosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 171(8):730, 1977. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
85. Sirinarumitr K, Johnston SD, Kustritz MV, et al: Effects of finasteride on size of the prostate gland and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(8):1275, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
86. Smith ER: The canine prostate and its secretion. Adv Sex Horm Res 1:168, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
87. Smith ER, Miller TB, Pebler RF: Transepithelial voltage changes during prostatic secretion in the dog. Am J Physiol 245(4):470, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
88. Sorenmo KU, Goldschmidt M, Shofer F, et al: Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time. Vet Comp Oncol 1(1):48, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Sorenmo KU, Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, et al: Evaluation of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in canine prostatic carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2(1):13, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
90. Stefanov M: Extraglandular and intraglandular vascularization of canine prostate. Microsc Res Tech 63(4):188, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
91. Stowater JL, Lamb CR: Ultrasonic features of paraprostatic cysts in nine dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 30:232, 2006.
92. Teske E, Naan EC, van Dijk EM, et al: Canine prostate carcinoma: epidemiological evidence of an increased risk in castrated dogs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 197(1–2):251, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
93. Tucker AR, Smith JR: Prostatic squamous metaplasia in a cat with interstitial cell neoplasia in a retained testis. Vet Pathol 45(6):905, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
94. Turrel JM: Intraoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate gland in ten dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1:190(1):48, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tursi M, Costa T, Valenza F, et al: Adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 10(6):600, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
96. Watanabe H, Shima M, Kojima M, et al: Dynamic study of nervous control on prostatic contraction and fluid excretion in the dog. J Urol 140(6):1567, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
97. Weaver AD: Discrete prostatic (paraprostatic) cysts in the dog. Vet Rec 102(20):435, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
98. Weisse C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(2):226, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
99. Wheaton LG, de Klerk DP, Strandberg JD, et al: Relationship of seminal volume to size and disease of the prostate in the beagle. Am J Vet Res 40(9):1325, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
100. White RA, Williams JM: Intracapsular prostatic omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Vet Surg 24(5):390, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
101. Winter ML, Bosland MC, Wade DR, et al: Induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in intact dogs by near-physiological levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 17 beta-estradiol. Prostate 26(6):325, 1995. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
102. Van Lue SJ, Cowles RS 3rd, Rawlings CA: Video-assisted percutaneous cystoscopy of the bladder and prostatic urethra in the dog: new approach for visual laser ablation of the prostate. J Endourol 9(6):503, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
103. Xiao Z, Dickey D, Owen RJ, et al: Interstitial photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate using intra-arterial administration of photosensitizer and computerized pulsed light delivery. J Urol 178(1):308, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
104. Zambelli D, Cunto M, Raccagni R, et al: Successful surgical treatment of a prostatic biphasic tumour (sarcomatoid carcinoma) in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 12(2):161, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
105. Zolton GM, Greiner TP: Prostatic abscesses—a surgical approach. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:698, 1978. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 114: Kidneys
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53. Lau JL, Fowler JE, Stobnicki M, et al: Polyglycolic acid mesh in experimental renal trauma. J Urol 136:715–718, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
54. LeBlanc A, Wall J, Morandi F, et al: Normal thoracic and abdominal distribution of 2-deoxy-2- [18F]fluoro-D-glucose(18FDG) in adult cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:436–441, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
55. Lee SS, Cheng CL, Yu DS, et al: Vicryl mesh for repair of severely injured kidneys: an experimental study. J Trauma 34:406–410, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
56. Lewis DC, Adamson DRT, Jacobs KA, et al: Pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis and perinephric abscessation in a dog. Aust Vet J 65:195–196, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Lobetti RG, Irvine-Smith GS: Nephro-cutaneous fistula in a dog. J South Afr Vet Assoc 77:40–41, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
58. Locke JE, Barber LG: Comparative aspects and clinical outcomes of canine renal hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 20:962–967, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
59. Lyons L, Biller D, Erdman C, et al: Feline polycystic kidney disease mutation identified in PKD1. J Am Vet Med Assoc 15:2548–2555, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
60. Marolf A, Kraft S, Lowry J, et al: Radiographic diagnosis—right kidney herniation in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:237–240, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
61. Mayrhofer E, Sommeregger E, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A: Hypertrophic osteopathy with leukoderma in a Siamese cat. Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsscrift 95:121–126, 2008.
62. McLoughlin MA: Surgical emergencies of the urinary tract. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:581, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
63. Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Reimer SB, et al: Evaluation of the effects of ischemic injury and ureteral obstruction on delayed graft function in cats after renal autotransplantation. Vet Surg 35:341–346, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
64. Millward IR: Avulsion of the left renal artery following blunt abdominal trauma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 50:38–43, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
65. Mott J, McAnulty J, Darien D, et al: Nephron sparing by partial median nephrectomy for treatment of renal hemangioma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1274–1276, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
66. Nath A, Juyal R, Venkatesan R, et al: Renal agenesis in New Zealand white rabbit. Scand J Lab Anim Sci 33:197–201, 2006.
67. Neuwirth L, Crowell W, Mahaffey M, et al: Comparison of excretory urography and ultrasonography for detection of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54:660–669, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
68. Newell S, Ko JC, Ginn PE, et al: Effects of three sedative protocols on glomerular filtration rate in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 58:446–450, 1997. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
69. Ochoa VB, DiBartola SP, Chew DJ, et al: Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: a retrospective study and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 13:47–55, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
70. O’Dell-Anderson K, Twardock R, Grimm J, et al: Determination of glomerular filtration rate in dogs using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:127–135, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
71. Polyak MMR, Grosche A, Towl S, et al: The influence of a novel organ perfusion solution on early graft function in canine renal autotransplantation. Vet Surg 37:383–389, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
72. Polzin DJ, Osborne CA, Ross S: Chronic renal failure. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and cat, vol 2, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 634–1661.
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74. Rawlings C, Bjorling D, Christie B: Kidneys. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1606–1619.
75. Rawlings C, Diamond H, Howerth E, et al: Diagnostic quality of percutaneous kidney biopsy specimens obtained with laparoscopy versus ultrasound guidance in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:317–321, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
76. Reichle J, DiBartola S, Levine P: Renal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance, volume, and function of cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:368–373, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rishniw M, Weidman J, Hornoff WJ: Hydrothorax secondary to a perinephric pseudocyst in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:193–196, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
78. Rivers B, Walter P, Letourneau L, et al: Duplex Doppler estimation of resistive index in arcuate arteries of sedated, normal female dogs: implications for use in the diagnosis of renal failure. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:69–76, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
79. Rivers B, Walter P, Letourneau L, et al: Estimation of arcuate artery resistive index as a diagnostic tool for aminoglycoside-induced acute renal failure in dogs. Am J Vet Res 57:1536– 1544, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
80. Rivers B, Walter P, Polzin D: Ultrasonographic-guided, percutaneous antegrade pyelography: technique and clinical application in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:61–68, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
81. Ross S, Osborne C, Lekcharoensuk C, et al: A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230(12):1854–1185, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
82. Schepper JE: Renal diseases in the dog: one thousand clinical cases. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 46:18–25, 1977.
83. Stone E: Canine nephrotomy. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 9:883–888, 1987.
84. Stone E, Barsanti JA: Urologic surgery of the dog and cat, Malvern, PA, 1992, Lea & Febiger.
85. Stone E, Gookin JL: Indications for nephrectomy and nephrotomy. In Bonagura JD, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII, ed 13, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 866–868. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
86. Stone EA, Robertson JL, Metcalf MR: The effect of nephrotomy on renal function and morphology in dogs. Vet Surg 31:391–397, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
87. Störk CK, Hamaide AJ, Schwedes D, et al: Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 5:91–96, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
88. Taney K, Moore K, Carro T, et al: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:817–820, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Tate P, Anneaux B, Nickelson D, et al: Evaluation of Tissumend II Sterile as a multipurpose absorbable tissue adhesive. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 3:74–84, 2006.
90. Tobias K: Renal and ureteral surgery. In Bartges J, Polzin D, editors: Nephrology and urology of small animals, Ames, IA, 2010, Wiley Blackwell.
91. Urie BK, Tillson D, Smith C, et al: Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1653– 1656, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
92. Vaden S: Glomerular diseases. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Saunders, pp 1786–1799.
93. Vaden SL: Renal biopsy: methods and interpretation. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:887, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
94. Vaden SL, Levine JF, Lees GE, et al: Renal biopsy: a retrospective study of methods and complications in 283 dogs and 65 cats. J Vet Intern Med 19:794–801, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
95. Volta A, Manfredi S, Gnudi G, et al: Polycystic kidney disease in a Chartreux cat. J Feline Med Surg 12:138–140, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
96. Walter P, Feeney DA, Johnston GR, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal parenchymal diseases in dogs: 32 cases (1981–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:999–1007, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
97. White SD, Rosychuk RAW, Schultheiss P, et al. Nodular dermatofibrosis and cystic renal disease in three mixed-breed dogs and a Boxer dog. Vet Derm 9:119–126, 1998.
98. Yates G, Sanchez-Vazquez M, Dunlop M: Bilateral renal agenesis in two cavalier King Charles spaniels. Vet Rec 160:672, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
99. Zatelli A, D’Ippolito P, Bonfanti U, et al: Ultrasound-assisted drainage and alcoholization of hepatic and renal cysts: 22 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:112–116, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
100. Zimmerman-Pope N, Waldron DR, Barber DL: Effect of fenoldopam on renal function after nephrotomy in normal dogs. Vet Surg 32(6):566–573, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 115: Ureters
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115. Nwadike BS, Wilson LP, Stone EA: Use of bilateral temporary nephrostomy catheters for emergency treatment of bilateral ureter transaction in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1862, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
116. Ochoa VB, DiBartola P, Chew DJ, et al: Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: a retrospective study and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 13:47, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
117. O’Handley P, Carrig CB, Walshaw R: Renal and ureteral duplication in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:484, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
118. Okkens AC, Gaag IVD, Biewenga WJ, et al: Urologische complicaties na ovariohysterectomie bij de hond. Tijdschr Diergeneesk 106:1189, 1981.
119. Ortega SJ, Netto FS, Hamilton P, et al: CT scanning for diagnosing blunt ureteral and ureteropelvic junction injuries. BMC Urology 8:3, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
120. Osborne CA, Dieterich HF, Hanlon GF, et al: Urinary incontinence due to ectopic ureter in a male dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166:911, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
121. Pearson H: The complications of ovariohysterectomy in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 14:257, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
122. Pearson H, Gibbs C: Urinary incontinence in the dog due to accidental vagino-ureteral fistulation during hysterectomy. J Small Anim Pract 21:287, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
123. Pearson H, Gibbs C: Urinary tract abnormalities in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 12:67, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
124. Presti JC, Carroll PR, McAninch JW, et al: Ureteral and renal pelvic injuries from external trauma: diagnosis and management. J Trauma 29:370, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
125. Ragni RA, Fews D: Ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis in a cat associated with retroperitoneal infarction. J Feline Med Surg 10:259, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
126. Reichle JK, Peterson RA, Mahaffey MB, et al: Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:433, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
127. Ross LA, Lamb CR: Reduction of hydronephrosis and hydroureter associated with ectopic ureters in two dogs after ureterovesicular anastomosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1497, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
128. Ross SJ, Osborne CA, Lulich JP, et al: Canine and feline nephrolithiasis. Epidemiology, detection and management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:231, 1999. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
129. Rozear L, Tidwell AS: Evaluation of the ureter and ureterovesicular junction using helical computed tomographic excretory urography in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:155, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
130. Rutgers C, Chew DJ, Burt JK: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a female cat without urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1394, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
131. Samii VF, McLoughlin MA, Mattoon JS, et al: Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia. J Vet Intern Med 18:271, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
132. Satani Y: Histologic study of the ureter. J Urol 3:247, 1919.
133. Scott RC, Greene RW, Patnaik AD: Unilateral ureterocele associated with hydronephrosis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 10:126, 1974.
134. Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, et al: Ureteral stones clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of ureteral calculi. J Urol 158:1915, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
135. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:785, 1982.
136. Smith AL, Radlinsky MA, Rawlings C: The use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for the treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia: a retrospective evaluation [abstract]. Vet Surg 38:E46, 2009.
137. Smith CW, Burke TJ, Froehlich P, et al: Bilateral ureteral ectopia in a male cat with urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:172, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
138. Smith CW, Park RD: Bilateral ectopic ureteroceles in a dog. Canine Pract 10:28, 1974.
139. Smith CW, Stowater JL, Kneller SK: Bilateral ectopic ureter in a male dog with urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 177:1022, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
140. Snyder DM, Steffey MA, Mehler SJ, et al: Diagnosis and surgical management of ureteral calculi in dogs: 16 cases (1990–2003). N Z Vet J 53:19, 2004.
141. Steffey MA, Brockman DJ: Congenital ectopic ureters in a male dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1607, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
142. Steffey M, Rassnick KM, Porter B, et al: Ureteral mast cell tumor in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:82, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
143. Stiffler KS, McCrackin Stevenson MA, Howerth EW, et al: Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: a case report and proposed classification system. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:33, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
144. Stone EA, Barsanti JA: Surgical therapy for urinary tract trauma. In Stone EA, editor: Urologic surgery of the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1992, Lea & Febiger, p 108.
145. Stone EA, Mason LK: Surgery of ectopic ureters: types, method of correction, and postoperative results. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:81, 1990.
146. Stowater JL, Springer AL: Ureterocele in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 74:1753, 1979. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
147. Sutherland-Smith J, Jerram RM, Walker AM, et al: Ectopic ureters and ureteroceles in dogs: presentation, cause, and diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:303, 2004.
148. Takiguchi M, Yasuda J, Ochiai K, et al: Ultrasonographic appearance of orthotopic ureterocele in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:398, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
149. Taney KG, Moore KW, Carro T, et al: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:817, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
150. Tattersall JA, Welsh E: Ectopic ureterocele in a male dog: a case report and review of surgical management. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:395, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
151. Thun R, Goodale RH, McCracken MD, et al: Iatrogenic hydronephrosis in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:388, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
152. Tidwell AS, Ullman SL, Schelling SH: Urinoma (para-ureteral pseudocyst) in a dog. Vet Radiol 31:203, 1990.
153. Vaughan DE, Sweet RE, Gillenwater JY: Unilateral ureteral occlusion: pattern of nephron repair and compensatory response. J Urol 109:979, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
154. Velardo JT: Histology of the ureter. In Bergman H, editor: The ureter, ed 2, New York, 1981, Springer-Verlag, p 13.
155. Weisse C, Aronson LR, Drobatz K: Traumatic rupture of the ureter: 10 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:188, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
156. Wen JG, Frokiaer J, Jorgensen TM, et al: Obstructive nephropathy: an update of the experimental research. Urol Res 27:29, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
157. Westropp JL, Ruby AL, Bailiff NL, et al: Dried solidified blood calculi in the urinary tract of cats. J Vet Intern Med 20:828, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
158. Wilson DR: Renal function during and following obstruction. Ann Rev Med 28:329, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
159. Wolf JS, Humphrey PA, Rayala HJ, et al: Comparative ureteral microanatomy. J Endourol 10:527, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
160. Wolf JS Jr, Soble JJ, Nakada SY, et al: Comparison of fibrin glue, laser weld, and mechanical suturing device for the laparoscopic closure of ureterotomy in a porcine model. J Urol 157:1487, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
161. Worth AJ, Tomlin SC: Post-traumatic paraureteral urinoma in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 45:413, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 116: Bladder
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13. Schiller TD, Stone EA, Gupta BS: In vitro loss of tensile strength and elasticity of five absorbable suture materials in sterile and infected canine urine. Vet Surg 22(3):208, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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20. Rozear L, Tidwell AS: Evaluation of the ureter and ureterovesicular junction using helical computed tomographic excretory urography in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(2):155, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
21. Murphy S, Gutiérrez A, Lawrence J, et al: Laparoscopically implanted tissue expander radiotherapy in canine transitional cell carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(4):400, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Samii VF, McLoughlin MA, Mattoon JS, et al: Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia. J Vet Intern Med 18(3):271, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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24. Samii VF: Inverted contrast medium-urine layering in the canine urinary bladder on computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(6):502, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
25. Lamb CR, Trower ND, Gregory SP: Ultrasound-guided catheter biopsy of the lower urinary tract: technique and results in 12 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 37(9):413, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
26. Cannizzo KL, McLoughlin MA, Chew DJ, et al: Uroendoscopy. Evaluation of the lower urinary tract. Vet Clin North Am 31(4):789, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
27. Messer JS, Chew DJ, McLoughlin MA: Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 20:52, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
28. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey DJ, Barsanti JA, et al: Use of laparoscope-assisted cystoscopy for removal of urinary calculi in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222(6):759, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Rawlings CA: Resection of inflammatory polyps in dogs using laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43(6):342, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
30. Cannizzo KL, McLoughlin MA, Mattoon JS, et al: Evaluation of transurethral cystoscopy and excretory urography for diagnosis of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 25 cases (1992–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223(4):475, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
31. Adams LG, Berent AC, Moore GE, et al: Use of laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of uroliths in dogs: 73 cases (2005–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(11):1680, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
32. Lulich JP, Osborne CA, Albasan H, et al: Efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in fragmentation of urocystoliths and urethroliths for removal in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1279, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Berent AC, Mayhew PD, Porat-Mosenco Y: Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006–2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(7):1026, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Arnold S, Hubler M, Lott-Stolz G, et al: Treatment of urinary incontinence in bitches by endoscopic injection of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen. J Small Anim Pract 37(4):163, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
35. Desch JP, Wagner SD: Urinary bladder incisions in dogs: comparison of ventral and dorsal. Vet Surg 15:153, 1986.
36. Crowe DT: Ventral versus dorsal cystotomy: an experimental investigation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:382, 1986.
37. Peacock EE: Healing and repair of peritoneum and viscera. In Peacock EE, editor: Wound repair, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1984, Saunders, p 438.
38. Wishnow KI, Johnson DE, Grignon DJ, et al: Regeneration of the canine urinary bladder mucosa after complete surgical denudation. J Urol 141(6):1476, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
39. Cornell KK: Cystotomy, partial cystectomy and tube cystostomy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:11, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
40. Kropp BP, Ripp MK, Badylak SF, et al: Regenerative urinary bladder augmentation using small intestinal mucosa: urodynamic and histopathologic assessment in long-term canine bladder augmentations. J Urol 155:2098, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
41. Zhang Y, Frimberger D, Cheng EY, et al: Challenges in a larger bladder replacement with cell- seeded and unseeded small intestinal submucosa grafts in a subtotal cystectomy model. BJU Int 98(5):1100, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Stone EA, George TF, Gilson SD, et al: Partial cystectomy for urinary bladder neoplasia: surgical technique and outcome in 11 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 37:480, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
43. Saulnier-Troff FG, Busoni V, Hamaide A: A technique for resection of invasive tumours involving the trigone area of the bladder in dogs: preliminary results in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:427, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
44. Pozzi A, Smeak DD, Aper R: Colonic seromuscular augmentation cystoplasty following subtotal cystectomy for treatment of bladder necrosis caused by bladder torsion in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(2):235, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Schwarz PD, Egger EL, Klause SE: Modified “cup-patch” ileocystoplasty for urinary bladder reconstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198(2):273, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
46. Savicky RS, Jackson AH: Use of a rectus abdominis muscle flap to repair urinary bladder and urethral defects in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234(8):1038, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
47. Stone EA, Withrow SJ, Page RL, et al: Ureterocolonic anastomosis in ten dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. Vet Surg 17:147, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
48. Kwon TG, Yoo JJ, Atala A: Local and systemic effects of a tissue engineered neobladder in a canine cystoplasty model. J Urol 179(5):2035, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Stiffler KS, McCrackin Stevenson MA, Cornell KK, et al: Clinical use of low-profile cystostomy tubes in four dogs and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223(3):325, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Beck AL, Grierson JM, Ogden DM, et al: Outcome of and complications associated with tube cystostomy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230(8):1184, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
51. Nicolle LE: Catheter-related urinary tract infections. Drugs Aging 22(8):627, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
52. Brissot HN, Dupré GP, Bouvy BM: Use of laparotomy in a staged approach for resolution of bilateral or complicated perineal hernia in 41 dogs. Vet Surg 33(4):412, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
53. Gilley RS, Caywood DD, Lulich JP, et al: Treatment with a combined cystopexy-colopexy for dysuria and rectal prolapse after bilateral herniorrhaphy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222(12):1184, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
54. Rawlings CA, Howerth EW, Mahaffey MB: Laparoscopic-assisted cystopexy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 63(9):1226, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
55. Wilson JW, Klausner JS, Stevens JB, et al: Canine vesicourethral diverticula. Vet Surg 8(3):63, 1979.
56. Laverty PH, Salisbury SK: Surgical management of true patent urachus in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 43:227, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
57. Holt PE, Moore AH: Canine ureteral ectopia: an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments. Vet Rec 136:345, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
58. Holt PE, Gibbs C: Congenital urinary incontinence in cats: a review of 19 cases. Vet Rec 130:437, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
59. Groesslinger K, Tham T, Egerbacher M, et al: Prevalence and radiologic and histologic appearance of vesicourachal diverticula in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:383, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
60. Osborne CA, Johnston GR, Kruger JM, et al: Etiopathogenesis and biological behaviour of feline vesicourachal diverticula. Don’t just do something—stand there. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 17(3):697, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
61. Aumann A, Worth LT, Drobatz KJ: Uroperitoneum in cats: 26 cases (1986–1995). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:315, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
62. Burrows CF, Bovee KC: Metabolic changes due to experimentally induced rupture of the canine urinary bladder. Am J Vet Res 35:1083, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
63. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:785, 1982.
64. Mathews K: Renal and urinary tract emergencies. In King L, Hammond R, editors: Manual of canine and feline emergency and critical care, Cheltenham, 1999, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, p 94.
65. Hosgood G, Salisbury SK: Generalized peritonitis in dogs: 50 cases (1975–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1448, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
66. Kruger JM, Osborne CA, Wickstrom SL: Clinical evaluation of cats with lower urinary tract disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:211, 1991. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
67. Westropp JL, Buffington CAT, Chew DJ: Feline lower urinary tract diseases. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 1828.
68. Adams LG, Syme HM: Canine lower urinary tract. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 1850.
69. Osborne CA, Lulich JP, Kruger JM, et al: Analysis of 451,891 canine uroliths, feline uroliths, and feline urethral plugs from 1981 to 2007: perspectives from the Minnesota Urolith Center. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim 39:183, 2008.
70. Cannon AB, Westropp JL, Ruby AL, et al: Evaluation of trends in urolith composition in cats: 5,230 cases (1985–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:570, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
71. Houston DM, Moore AE, Favrin MG, et al: Canine urolithiasis: a look at over 16 000 urolith submissions to the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre from February 1998 to April 2003. Can Vet J 45:225, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
72. Weichselbaum RC, Feeney DA, Jessen CR, et al: An integrated epidemiologic and radiographic algorithm for canine urocystolith mineral type prediction. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:311, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
73. Midkiff AM, Chew DJ, Randall JF, et al: Idiopathic hypercalcaemia in cats. J Vet Intern Med 14:619, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
74. Gatoria IS, Saini NS, Rai TS, et al: Comparison of three techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in dogs with urolithiasis. J Small Anim Pract 47:727, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
75. Weichselbaum RC, Feeney DA, Jessen CR, et al: Urocystolith detection: comparison of survey, contrast radiographic and ultrasonographic techniques in an in vitro bladder phantom. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40(4):386, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
76. Pressler BM, Mohammadian LA, Li E, et al: In vitro prediction of canine urolith mineral composition using computed tomographic beam attenuation measurements. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45(3):189, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
77. Lulich JP, Osborne CA: Catheter-assisted retrieval of urocystoliths from dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:111, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
78. Lulich JP, Osborne CA, Carlson M, et al: Nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths in dogs by voiding urohydropropulsion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:660, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
79. Lulich JP, Osborne CA, Polzin D, et al: Incomplete removal of canine and feline urocystoliths by cystotomy [abstract]. J Vet Intern Med 7:124, 1993.
80. Bevan JM, Lulich JP, Albasan H, et al: Comparison of laser lithotripsy and cystotomy for management of dogs with urolithiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1286, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
81. Brown NO, Parks JL, Greene RW: Recurrence of canine urolithiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:419, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
82. Lulich JP, Perrine L, Osborne CA, et al: Postsurgical recurrence of calcium oxalate uroliths in dogs [abstract]. J Vet Intern Med 6:119, 1992.
83. Lekcharoensuk C, Osborne CA, Lulich JP, et al: Association between dietary factors and calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1228, 2001. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
84. Hoppe A, Denneberg T: Cystinuria in the dog: clinical studies during 14 years of medical treatment. J Vet Intern Med 15:361, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
85. Aldrich J, Ling GV, Ruby AL, et al: Silica-containing urinary calculi in dogs (1981–1993). J Vet Intern Med 11:288, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
86. Martinez I, Mattoon JS, Eaton KA, et al: Polypoid cystitis in 17 dogs (1978–2001). J Vet Intern Med 17:499, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
87. Norris AM, Laing EJ, Valli VE, et al: Canine bladder and urethral tumours: a retrospective study of 155 cases (1980–1985). J Vet Intern Med 6:145, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
88. Schwarz PD, Greene RW, Patnaik AK: Urinary bladder tumours in the cat: a review of 27 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:237, 1985.
89. Knapp DW, Glickman NW, DeNicola DB, et al: Naturally-occurring canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a relevant model of human invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 5:47, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
90. Burnie AG, Weaver AD: Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog: a review of seventy cases. J Small Anim Pract 24:129, 1983.
91. Benigni L, Lamb CR, Corzo-Menendez N, et al: Lymphoma affecting the urinary bladder in three dogs and a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:592, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
92. Van Vechten M, Goldschmidt MH, Wortman JA: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 12:783, 1990.
93. Wilson HM, Chun R, Larson VS, et al: Clinical signs, treatments, and outcome in cats with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: 20 cases (1990–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:101, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
94. Glickman LT, Schofer FS, McKee LJ, et al: Epidemiologic study of insecticide exposures, obesity, and risk of bladder cancer in household dogs. J Toxicol Environ Health 28:407, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
95. Billet JP, Moore AH, Holt PE: Evaluation of a bladder tumour antigen test for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract malignancies in dogs. Am J Vet Res 63:370, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
96. Nyland TG, Wallack ST, Wisner ER: Needle-tract implantation following us-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, and prostate. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:50, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
97. Valli VE, Norris A, Jacobs RM, et al: Pathology of canine bladder and urethral cancer and correlation with tumour progression and survival. J Comp Path 113:113, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
98. Patrick DJ, Fitzgerald SD, Sesterhenn IA, et al: Classification of canine urinary bladder urothelial tumours based on the World Health Organisation/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification. J Comp Path 135:190, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
99. Knapp DW, Richardson RC, Chan TC, et al: Piroxicam therapy in 34 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. J Vet Intern Med 8:273, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
100. Rocha TA, Mauldin GN, Patnaik AK, et al: Prognostic factors in dogs with urinary bladder carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 14:486, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
101. Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, et al: Clinical evaluation of mitoxantrone and piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:906, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
102. Brown WA: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with activity against either cyclooxygenase 1 or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibit colorectal cancer in a DMH rodent model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Gut 48:660, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
103. Smith JD, Stone EA, Gilson SD: Placement of a permanent cystostomy catheter to relieve urine outflow obstruction in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:496, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
104. Withrow SJ, Gilette EL, Hoopes PJ, et al: Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms. Vet Surg 18:7, 1989. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 117: Urethra
REFERENCES
1. Ackerman N, Wingfield WE, Corley EA: Fatal air embolism associated with pneumourethrography and pneumocystography in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:1616, 1972. PUBMED Abstract 2. Adams LG, Berent AC, Moore GE, et al: Use of laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of uroliths in dogs: 73 cases (2005–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1680, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
3. Agrodnia MD, Hauptman JG, Stanley BJ, et al: A simple continuous pattern using absorbable suture for perineal urethrostomy in the cat: 18 cases (2000–2002). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:479, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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12. Bell FW, Klausner JS, Hayden DW, et al: Clinical and pathologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in sexually intact and castrated dogs: 31 cases (1970–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1623, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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30. Cooley AJ, Waldron DR, Smith MM, et al: The effects of indwelling transurethral catheterization and tube cystostomy on urethral anastomoses in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:341, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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32. Creed KE, Van Der Werf BA, Kaye KW: Innervation of the striated muscle of the membranous urethra of the male dog. J Urol 159:1712, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
33. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WE: Histology of the canine urethra. I. Morphometry of the female urethra. Anat Rec 199:177, 1981. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WE: Histology of the canine urethra II. Morphometry of the male pelvic urethra. Anat Rec 199:187, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
35. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WF: Morphometry of the female feline urethra. J Urol 129:190, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
36. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WF: Morphometry of the male feline pelvic urethra. J Urol 129:186, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
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38. Elwick KE, Melendez LD, Higbee RG, et al: Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser ablation of an obstructive urethral polyp in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:506, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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41. Foster SF, Hunt GB, Malik R: Congenital urethral anomaly in a kitten. J Feline Med Surg 1:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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44. Goulden B, Bergman MM, Wyburn RS: Canine urethro-rectal fistulae. J Small Anim Pract 14:143, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
45. Greenberg CB, Davidson EB, Bellmer DD, et al: Evaluation of the tensile strengths of four monofilament absorbable suture materials after immersion in canine urine with or without bacteria. Am J Vet Res 65:847, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
46. Gregory CR: Electromyographic and urethral pressure evaluations: assessment of urethral function before and after perineal urethrostomy in cats. Am J Vet Res 45:2062, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
47. Gregory CR, Vasseur PB: Long-term examination of cats with perineal urethrostomy. Vet Surg 12:210, 1983.
48. Griffin DW, Gregory CR: Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection after perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:681, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
49. Griffin DW, Gregory CR, Kitchell RL: Preservation of striated-muscle urethral sphincter function with use of a surgical technique for perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194, 1989. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Hanson JA, Tidwell AS: Ultrasonographic appearance of urethral transitional cell carcinoma in ten dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:4, 1996.
51. Hastings JC, Van Winkle W, Barker E, et al: The effect of suture materials on healing wounds of the bladder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:933, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
52. Hawthorne JC, deHaan JJ, Goring RL, et al: Recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to idiopathic renal hematuria in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:511, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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54. Hayes HM Jr, Wilson GP: Hospital incidence of hypospadias in dogs in North America. Vet Rec 118:605, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
55. Hobson HP: Penis and prepuce. In Bojrab JM, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 527–537.
56. Hobson HP: Surgical pathophysiology of the penis. In Bojrab JM, editor: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, pp 552–559.
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58. Hostutler RA, Chew DJ, Eaton KA, et al: Cystoscopic appearance of proliferative urethritis in 2 dogs before and after treatment. J Vet Intern Med 18:113, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
59. Jens B, Bjorling DE: Suture selection for lower urinary tract surgery in small animals. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim Pract 23:524, 2001.
60. Johnston DE: Feline urethrostomy—a critique and new method. J Small Anim Pract 15:421, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
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62. Kelly SE, Clark WT: Surgical repair of fracture the os penis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 36:507, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
63. Kirsch JA, Hauptman JG, Walshaw R: A urethropexy technique for surgical treatment of urethral prolapse in the male dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:381, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
64. Klahr S: Pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 23:414, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
65. Kleine LJ, Thorton GW: Radiographic diagnosis of urinary tract trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 7:318, 1971.
66. Knapp DW, Glickman NW, DeNicola DB, et al: Naturally occurring canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A relevant model of human invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 5:47, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
67. Kolata RJ, Johnston DE: Motor vehicle accidents in urban dogs: a study of 600 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:938, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
68. Lane IF, Fischer JR, Miller E, et al: Functional urethral obstruction in 3 dogs: clinical and urethral pressure profile findings. J Vet Intern Med 14:43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
69. Layton CE, Ferguson HR, Cook JE, et al: Intrapelvic urethral anastomosis. A comparison of three techniques. Vet Surg 16:175, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
70. Lees GE, Osborne CA, Stevens JB, et al: Adverse effects caused by polypropylene and polyvinyl feline urinary catheters. Am J Vet Res 41:1836, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
71. Lees GE, Osborne CA, Stevens JB, et al: Adverse effects of open indwelling urethral catheterization in clinically normal male cats. Am J Vet Res 42:825, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
72. Lekcharoensuk C, Osborne CA, Lulich JP: Evaluation of trends in frequency of urethrostomy for treatment of urethral obstruction in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:502, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
73. Liptak JM, Brutscher SP, Monnet E, et al: Transurethral resection in the management of urethral and prostatic neoplasia in 6 dogs. Vet Surg 33:505, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
74. Mahler S, Guillo JY: Antepubic urethrostomy in three cats and a dog: surgical technique and long- term results. Rev de Med Vet 150:357, 1999.
75. Manziano CV, Manziano JR: A bladder prosthesis to relieve urethral blockage in the male cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:218, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
76. Markiewicz MR, Lukose MA, Margarone JE 3rd, et al: The oral mucosa graft: a systematic review. J Urol 178:387, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
77. McLaren IG: Prepubic urethrostomy involving transplantation of the prepuce in the cat. Vet Rec 122:363, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
78. Mendham JH: A description and evaluation of antepubic urethrostomy in the male cat. J Small Anim Pract 11:709, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
79. Messer JS, Chew DJ, McLoughlin MA: Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 20:52, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
80. Michell JP: Injuries to the urethra. Br J Urol 40:649, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
81. Miller CF: Urethrorectal fistula with concurrent urolithiasis in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 75:73, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
82. Moroff SD, Brown BA, Matthiesen DT, et al: Infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs: 41 cases (1980–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:247, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
83. Nacey JN, Delahunt B, Tulloch AG: The assessment of catheter-induced urethritis using an experimental dog model. J Urol 134:623, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
84. Newman RG, Mehler SJ, Kitchell BE, et al: Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent to relieve malignant urethral obstruction in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:236, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
85. Newton JD, Smeak DD: Simple continuous closure of canine scrotal urethrostomy: results in 20 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:531, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
86. Osborne CA, Caywood DD, Johnston GR, et al: Perineal urethrostomy versus dietary management in prevention of recurrent lower urinary tract disease. J Small Anim Pract 32:296, 1991.
87. Osborne CA, Sanderson SL: Medical management of urethral prolapse in male dogs, In Bonagura JD, Kirk RW, editors: Current veterinary therapy XII, Philadelphia, 1995, Saunders, pp 1027–1029. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
88. Osuna DJ, Stone EA, Metcalf MR: A urethrorectal fistula with concurrent urolithiasis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:35, 1989.
89. Pavletic MM: Reconstruction of the urethra by use of an inverse tubed bipedicled flap in a dog with hypospadias. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:71, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
90. Peacock EE: Healing and repair of viscera: anterior urethra. In Wound repair, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1984, Saunders, pp 480–484.
91. Peckman RD: Urinary trauma in dogs and cats: a review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:33, 1982.
92. Peckman RD: The urethra. In Thrall DE, editor: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders, pp 725–728.
93. Phillips H, Holt DE: Surgical revision of the urethral stoma following perineal urethrostomy in 11 cats: (1998–2004). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:218, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
94. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the proportion of collagen and muscle in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 70:1516, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
95. Ragni RA: Urethral prolapse in three male Yorkshire terriers. J Small Anim Pract 48:180, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
96. Ralphs SC, Kramek BA: Novel perineal approach for repair of a urethrorectal fistula in a bulldog. Can Vet J 44:822, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
97. Rawlings CA, Wingfield WE: Urethral reconstruction in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:850, 1976.
98. Rickards DA: The feline urethral shunt. Feline Pract 6:48, 1976.
99. Rickards DA, Hinko PJ: Feline urethrostomy: the Cleveland technique. Feline Pract 6:48, 1974.
100. Robinette JD: Silicone rubber prostheses for replacement of the urethra in male cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:285, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
101. Root MV, Johnston SD, Johnston GR, et al: The effect of prepubertal and postpubertal gonadectomy on penile extrusion and urethral diameter in the domestic cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:363, 1996.
102. Sackman JE, Sims MH, Krahwinkel DJ: Urodynamic evaluation of lower urinary tract function in cats after perineal urethrostomy with minimal and extensive dissection. Vet Surg 20:55, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
103. Saulnier-Troff FG, Busoni V, Hamaide A: A technique for resection of invasive tumors involving the trigone area of the bladder in dogs: preliminary results in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:427, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
104. Savicky RS, Jackson AH: Use of a rectus abdominis muscle flap to repair urinary bladder and urethral defects in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1038, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
105. Schiller TD, Stone EA, Gupta BS: In vitro loss of tensile strength and elasticity of five absorbable suture materials in sterile and infected canine urine. Vet Surg 22:208, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
106. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:785, 1982. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
107. Smeak DD: Urethrotomy and urethrostomy in the dog. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:25, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
108. Smith CW, Weigel RM, Smith AR: Perineal urethrostomy in the cat. Feline Pract 19:20, 1991.
109. Smith J: Canine prostatic disease: a review of anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Theriogenology 70:375, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
110. Smith JD, Vaden SL, Stone EA, et al: Management and complications following trigonal-colonic anastomosis in a dog: five-year evaluation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:29, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
111. Stolzenburg JU, Neuhaus J, Liatsikos EN, et al: Histomorphology of canine urethral sphincter systems, including three-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging. Urology 67:624, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
112. Stone EA, Withrow SJ, Page RL, et al: Ureterocolonic anastomosis in ten dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. Vet Surg 17:147, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
113. Thayer GW, Carrig CB, Evans AT: Fatal venous air embolism associated with pneumocystography in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:643, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
114. Tobias KS, Barbee D: Abnormal micturition and recurrent cystitis associated with multiple congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:191, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
115. Upton ML, Tangner CH, Payton ME: Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser ablation combined with mitoxantrone and piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:549, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
116. Van der Werf BA, Creed KE: Mechanical properties and innervation of the smooth muscle layers of the urethra of greyhounds. BJU Int 90:588, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
117. Van der Werf BA, Hidaka T, Creed KE: Continence and some properties of the urethral striated muscle of male greyhounds. BJU Int 85:341, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
118. Waldron DR, Hedlund CS, Tangner CH, et al: The canine urethra: a comparison of first and second intention healing. Vet Surg 14:213, 1985.
119. Wang B, Bhadra N, Grill WM: Functional anatomy of the male feline urethra: morphological and physiological correlations. J Urol 161:654, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
120. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology 66:726, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
121. Weaver RG, Schulte JW: Experimental and clinical studies of urethral regeneration. Surg Gynecol Obstet 115:729, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
122. Weber WJ, Boothe HW, Brassard JA, et al: Comparison of the healing of prescrotal urethrotomy incisions in the dog: sutured versus nonsutured. Am J Vet Res 46:1309, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
123. Weisse C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:226, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
124. Welches CD, Scavelli TD, Aronsohn MG, et al: Perineal hernia in the cat: a retrospective study of 40 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:431, 1992. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
125. White RN, Davies JV, Gregory SP: Vaginourethroplasty for treatment of urethral obstruction in the bitch. Vet Surg 25:503, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
126. Wilson GP 3rd, Harrison JW: Perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1789, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
127. Withrow SJ, Gillette EL, Hoopes PJ, et al: Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms. Vet Surg 18:7, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
128. Yeh LS, Chin SC: Modified perineal urethrostomy using preputial mucosa in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1092, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
129. Yilmaz Y, Aydin M, Bakir B, et al: Utilising an ileal segment in the posterior urethral replacement procedures using anal sphincter to provide continence in dogs. Tohoku J Exp Med 185:263, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
130. Yoshioka MM, Carb A: Antepubic urethrostomy in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:290, 1982. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 118: Sphincter Mechanism Incontinence
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36. Hamaide AJ, Verstefen JP, Snaps FR, et al: Influence of the estrous cycle on urodynamic and morphometric measurements of the lower portion of the urogenital tract in dogs. Am J Vet Res 66:1075, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
37. Hamberger B, Norberg KA: Adrenergic synaptic terminals and nerve cells in bladder ganglia of the cat. Int J Neuropharmacol 4:41, 1965.PUBMED Abstract
38. Hodgkinson CP, Stanton SL: Retropubic urethropexy or colposuspension. In Stanton SL, Tanagho EA, editors: Surgery of female incontinence, Berlin, 1980, Springer-Verlag, p 55.
39. Holt PE: Importance of urethral length, bladder neck position and vestibulovaginal stenosis in sphincter mechanism incompetence in the incontinent bitch. Res Vet Sci 39:364, 1985.PUBMED Abstract
40. Holt PE: Investigation and therapy of incontinent animals. Eur J Compan Anim Pract 10:111, 2000.
41. Holt PE: Long-term evaluation of colposuspension in the treatment of urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism in the bitch. Vet Rec 127:537, 1990.PUBMED Abstract
42. Holt PE: “Simultaneous” urethral pressure profilometry: comparisons between continent and incontinent bitches. J Small Anim Pract 29:761, 1988.
43. Holt PE: Surgical management of congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in eight female cats and a bitch. Vet Surg 22:98, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
44. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 127:347, 1990.PUBMED Abstract
45. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: prevalence in referred dogs and retrospective analysis of sixty cases. J Small Anim Pract 26:181, 1985.
46. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: surgical treatment. J Small Anim Pract 26:237, 1985.
47. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the dog. In Pract 5:162, 1983.
48. Holt PE, Coe RJ, Hotston Moore A: Prostatopexy as a treatment for urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs. J Small Anim Pract 46:567, 2005.PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
49. Holt PE, Gibbs C: Congenital urinary incontinence in cats: a review of 19 cases. Vet Rec 130:437, 1992.PUBMED Abstract
50. Holt PE, Gibbs C, Wathes CM: Simultaneous urethral pressure profilometry using a microtip transducer catheter in the bitch: effects of bitch position and transducer orientation. Neurourol Urodyn 9:281, 1990.
51. Holt PE, Gregory SP: Resting urethral pressure profilometry in bitches: artefact or reality? Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:1207, 1993.
52. Holt PE, Jones A: In vitro study of the significance of bladder neck position in incontinent bitches. Vet Rec 146:437, 2000.PUBMED Abstract
53. Holt PE, Sayle B: Congenital vestibulo-vaginal stenosis in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 22:67, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
54. Holt PE, Thrusfield MV: Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Vet Rec 133:177, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
55. Iosif CS, Batra S, Ek A, et al: Estrogen receptors in the human female lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:817, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
56. Khalaf IM, Ghoneim MA, Elhilali MM: The effect of exogenous prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 and indomethacin on micturition. Br J Urol 53:21, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
57. Khalaf IM, Lehoux JG, Elshawarby LA, et al: Release of prostaglandins into the pelvic venous blood of dogs in response to vesical distension and pelvic nerve stimulation. Invest Urol 17:244, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
58. Khalaf IM, Rioux F, Quirion R, et al: Intravesical prostaglandin: release and effect of bladder installation on some micturition parameters. Br J Urol 52:351, 1980.PUBMED Abstract
59. Kondo A, Kobayashi M, Takita T, et al: Effect of prostaglandin on urethral resistance and micturition. Urol Res 11:19, 1983.PUBMED Abstract
60. Kyles AE, Vaden S, Hardie EM, et al: Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1889, 1996.PUBMED Abstract
61. Malizia AA, Reiman HM, Myers RP, et al: Migration and granulomatous reaction after periurethral injection of Polytef (Teflon). J Am Med Assoc 251:3277, 1984.PUBMED Abstract
62. Mandigers PJJ, Nell T: Treatment of bitches with acquired urinary incontinence with oestriol. Vet Rec 149:764, 2001.PUBMED Abstract
63. Marchevsky AM, Edwards GA, Lavelle RB, et al: Colposuspension in 60 bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Aust Vet Practit 29:2, 1999.
64. Massat BJ, Gregory CR, Ling GV, et al: Cystourethropexy to correct refractory urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Preliminary results in ten bitches. Vet Surg 22:260, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
65. Mittleman RE, Marraccini JV: Pulmonary Teflon granulomas following periurethral Teflon injection for urinary incontinence. Arch Path Lab Med 107:611, 1883.PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
66. Muir P, Goldsmid SE, Bellenger CR: Management of urinary incontinence in five bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism by colposuspension and a modified sling urethroplasty. Vet Rec 134:38, 1994.PUBMED Abstract
67. Mutoh S, Ueda S, Yano S, et al: Effects of some prostaglandins on urinary bladder and urethra isolated from the dog. Urol Int 38:219, 1983.PUBMED Abstract
68. Nickel RF: Oestriol: pharmacology and effects on lower urinary tract function. ESVIM Newsletter 9:13, 1999.
69. Nickel RF, Wiegand U, Van Den Brom WE: Evaluation of a transpelvic sling procedure with and without colposuspension for treatment of female dogs with refractory urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Surg 27:94, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
70. Nishizawa O, Satoh S, Haradi T, et al: Role of the sympathetic nerve in bladder and urethral sphincter function during the micturition cycle in the dog evaluated by pressure flow EMG study. J Urol 134:1259, 1985.PUBMED Abstract
71. Nordling J, Meyhoff HH, Hald T: Sympathetic influence on striated urethral sphincter in urinary incontinence. In Zinner NR, Sterling AM, editors: Female incontinence, New York, 1981, Alan R Liss Inc, p 101.PUBMED Abstract
72. Olson PN, Mulnix JA, Nett TM: Concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum of sexually intact and neutered dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:762, 1992.PUBMED Abstract
73. Politano VA: Migration of polytetrafluoroethylene—Polytef. J Am Med Assoc 254:1902, 1985.
74. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the expression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in the lower urinary tract between intact and gonadectomised male and female dogs. Dom Anim Endocrinol 34:339, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
75. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the proportion of collagen and muscle in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 70:1516, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
76. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to the effects of gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 71:1276, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
77. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Scaramuzzi RJ, et al: Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors and their transcribed genes (mRNA) are present in the lower urinary tract of intact male and female dogs. Theriogenology 67:353, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
78. Power SC, Eggleton KE, Aaron AJ, et al: Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the male dog: importance of bladder neck position, proximal urethral length and castration. J Small Anim Pract 39:69, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
79. Rawlings CA, Barsanti JA, Mahaffey MB, et al: Evaluation of colposuspension for treatment of incontinence in spayed female dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:770, 2001.PUBMED Abstract
80. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Chernosky AC, et al: Immediate urodynamic and anatomic response to colposuspension in female beagles. Am J Vet Res 61:1353, 2000.PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
81. Reichler IM, Barth A, Piché CA, et al: Urodynamic parameters and plasma LH/FSH in spayed Beagle bitches before and 8 weeks after GnRH depot analogue treatment. Theriogenology 66:2127, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
82. Reichler IM, Hubler M, Jöchle W, et al: The effect of GnRH analogs on urinary incontinence after ablation of the ovaries in dogs. Theriogenology 60:1207, 2003.PUBMED Abstract
83. Reichler IM, Jöchle W, Piché CA, et al: Effect of a long acting GnRH analogue or placebo on plasma LH/FSH, urethral pressure profiles and clinical signs of urinary incontinence due to sphincter mechanism incompetence in bitches. Theriogenology 66:1227, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
84. Reichler IM, Pfeiffer E, Piché CA, et al: Changes in plasma gonadotrophin concentrations and urethral closure pressure in the bitch during the 12 months following ovariectomy. Theriogenology 62:1391, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
85. Reichler IM, Welle M, Sattler U, et al: Comparative quantitative assessment of GnRH- and LH- receptor mRNA expression in the urinary tract of sexually intact and spayed dogs. Theriogenology 67:1134, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
86. Richter KP, Ling GV: Clinical response and urethral pressure profile changes after phenylpropanolamine in dogs with primary sphincter incompetence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:605, 1985.PUBMED Abstract 86a. Rose SA, Adin CA, Ellison GW, et al: Long-term efficacy of a percutaneously adjustable hydraulic urethral sphincter for treatment of urinary incontinence in four dogs. Vet Surg 38:747, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
87. Salomon JF, Cotard JP, Viguier E: Management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in a male dog with laparoscopic-guided deferentopexy. J Small Anim Pract 43:501, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
88. Salomon JF, Gouriou M, Dutot E, et al: Experimental study of urodynamic changes after ovariectomy in 10 dogs. Vet Rec 159:807, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
89. Scott L, Leddy M, Bernay F, Davot JL: Evaluation of phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 43:493, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
90. Smith P: Age changes in the female urethra. Br J Urol 44:667, 1972.PUBMED Abstract
91. Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA: Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:380, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
92. Stolzenburg JU, Dorschner W, Postenjak M, et al: Sphincteric musculature of female canine urethra in comparison to woman including 3D reconstruction. Cells Tissue Organs 170:151, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
93. Thrusfield MV, Muirhead RH, Holt PE: Acquired urinary incontinence in bitches: its incidence and relationship to neutering practices. J Small Anim Pract 39:559, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
94. Verhamme KMC, Dieleman JP, Van Wijk MAM, et al: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and increased risk of acute urinary retention. Arch Int Med 165:1547, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
95. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology 66:726, 2006.PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
96. Weber UT, Arnold S, Hubler M, et al: Surgical treatment of male dogs with urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Surg 26:51, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
97. Wein AJ, Benson GS, Jacobowitz D: Lack of evidence for adrenergic innervation of the external urethral sphincter. J Urol 121:324, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
98. White RAS, Pomeroy CJ: Phenylpropanolamine: an α-adrenergic agent for the management of urinary incontinence in the bitch associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Rec 125:478, 1989.PUBMED Abstract
99. White RN: Urethropexy for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 42:481, 2001.PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 119: Renal Transplant
REFERENCES
1. Adin CA, Gregory CR, Kyles AE, et al: Diagnostic predictors and survival after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 30:515, 2001. PUBMED Abstract 2. Adin DB, Thomas WP, Adin CA, et al: Echocardiographic evaluation of cats with chronic renal failure [abstract]. ACVIM Proceedings, May 25, 2000, p 714.
3. Akalin E, Chandraker A, Russell ME, et al: CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade by CTLA4-Ig in the rat renal allograft model. Transplantation 62:1942–1945, 1996.
4. Aronson LR: Personal communication, 2006.
5. Aronson LR: Renal transplantation, unpublished manuscript, 2009.
6. Aronson LR: Retroperitoneal fibrosis in four cats following renal transplantation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:984, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
7. Aronson LR: Toxoplasma gondii infection in the feline renal transplant recipient, unpublished manuscript, 2011.
8. Aronson LR, Drobatz K, Hunter C, et al: Effects of CD28 blockade on subsets of naïve T cells in cats. Am J Vet Res 66:483–491, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
9. Aronson LR, Gregory CR: Possible hemolytic uremic syndrome in three cats after renal transplantation and cyclosporine therapy. Vet Surg 28:135, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
10. Aronson LR, Kyles AE, Preston A, et al: Renal transplantation in cats diagnosed with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 cases (1997–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:743, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
11. Aronson LR, Preston A, Bhalereo DP, et al: Evaluation of erythropoiesis and changes in serum erythropoietin concentration in cats after renal transplantation. Am J Vet Res 64:1248, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
12. Aronson LR, Stomhoffer J, Drobatz K, et al: Effect of cyclosporine, dexamethasone, and human CTLA4-Ig on production of cytokines in lymphocytes of clinically normal cats and cats undergoing renal transplantation. Am J Vet Res, April 2011, in press. PUBMED Abstract
13. Azuman H, Chandraker A, Nadeau K, et al: Blockade of T cell costimulation prevents development of experimental chronic renal allograft rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:12439– 12444, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
14. Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Aronson LR, et al: Acute toxoplasmosis following renal transplantation in three cats and a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1123, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
15. Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Kyles AE, et al: Microemulsified cyclosporine-based immunosuppression for the prevention of acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated dogs: preliminary experimental study. Vet Surg 32:219, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Kyles AE, et al: Renal transplantation in cats. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:40, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
17. Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Pollard RE, et al: Comparison of two surgical techniques for renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 28:417, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
18. Bouma JL, Aronson LR, Keith DM, et al: Use of computed tomography renal angiography for screening feline renal transplant donors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:636, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
19. Broaddus KD, Tillson DM, Lenz SD, et al: Renal allograft histopathology in dog leukocyte antigen mismatched dogs after renal transplantation. Vet Surg 35:125, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
20. Burdick JF, Rosendale JD, McBride MA, et al: National impact of pulsatile perfusion on cadaveric kidney transplantation. Transplantation 64:1730, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
21. Caceres AV, Zwingenberger AL, Aronson LR, et al: Characterization of normal feline renal vascular anatomy with dual-phase CT angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:350, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Case JB, Kyles AE, Nelson RW, et al: Incidence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats that have undergone renal transplantation: 187 cases (1986–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:880, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Cosio FG, Pelletier RP, Pesaunto TE: Elevated blood pressure predicts the risk of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients. Kidney Int 59:1158, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
24. Cosio FG, Pelletier RP, Sedmak DD, et al: Renal allograft survival following acute rejection correlates with blood pressure levels and histopathology. Kidney Int 56:1912, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
25. De Cock HE, Kyles AE, Griffey SM, et al: Histopathologic findings and classification of feline renal transplants. Vet Pathol 41:244, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
26. Fazelzadeh A, Mehidizadeh A, Ostovan MA, et al: Incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and complications before and after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 38:506, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
27. Graham-Mize CA, Rosser EJ: Bioavailability and activity of prednisone and prednisolone in the feline patient. Dermatology Abstracts 15:9, 2004.
28. Gregory CR: Renal transplantation. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 434.
29. Gregory CR: Status of renal transplantation in the 1990s. Semin Vet Med Surg 7:183, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
30. Gregory CR, Bernsteen L: Organ transplantation in clinical veterinary practice. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, p 122.
31. Gregory CR, Gourley IM: Organ transplantation in clinical veterinary practice. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, p 95.
32. Gregory CR, Gourley IM, Kochin EJ, et al: Renal transplantation for treatment of end-stage renal failure in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:285, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gregory CR, Gourley IM, Taylor NJ, et al: Preliminary results of clinical renal allograft transplantation in the dog and cat. J Vet Intern Med 1:53, 1987. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Gregory CR, Kyles AE, Bernsteen L, et al: Results of clinical renal transplantation in 15 dogs using triple drug immunosuppressive therapy. Vet Surg 35:105, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
35. Gregory CG, Lirtzman R, Kochin EJ, et al: A mucosal apposition technique for ureteroneocystostomy after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 25:13, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
36. Gregory CR, Mathews KG, Aronson LR, et al: Central nervous system disorders following renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 26:386, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
37. Halling KB, Ellison GW, Armstrong D, et al: Evaluation of oxidative stress markers for the early diagnosis of allograft rejection in feline renal allotransplant recipients with normal renal function. Can Vet J 45:831, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
38. Halling KB, Graham JP, Newell SP, et al: Sonographic and scintigraphic evaluation of acute renal allograft rejection in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:707, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
39. Halloran PF, Leung Lui S: Approved immunosuppressants. In Primer on transplantation. Thorofare, NJ, 1998, Am Soc Transpl Phys, pp 9–102.
40. Hardie RJ, Schmiedt C, Phillips L, et al: Ureteral papilla implantation as a technique for neoureterocystotomy in cats. Vet Surg 34:393, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
41. Iwai S, Endo K, Hakamata Y, et al: Use of nonpenetrating vascular closure staples in feline renal transplantation. Microsurgery 26:13, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Jurriaans E, Dubbins PA. Renal transplantation: the normal morphologic and Doppler ultrasound examination. J Clin Ultrasound 20:495–506, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
43. Kadar E, Sykes JE, Kass PH, et al: Evaluation of the prevalence of infections in cats after renal transplantation: 169 cases (1987–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:948, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Kahan BD, Yoshimura N, Pellis, NR, et al: Pharmacodynamics of cyclosporine. Transplantation Proc 18:238–251, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
45. Katayama M, McAnulty JF: Renal transplantation in cats: patient selection and preoperative management. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:868, 2002.
46. Katayama M, McAnulty JF: Renal transplantation in cats: techniques, complications, and immunosuppression. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:874, 2002.
47. Kelly GE, Drummond JM, Rogers JH, et al: Intussusception in dogs following renal homograft transplantation. Aust Vet J 47:597, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
48. Kim W, Cho ML, Kim SI, et al: Divergent effects of cyclosporine on Th1/Th2 type cytokines in patients with severe, refractory rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 27:324–331, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
49. Kirk AD, Harlan DM, Armstrong NN, et al: CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40 ligand prevent renal allograft rejection in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:8789-8794, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
50. Kirsch WM, Zhu YH, Gaskill D, et al: Comparative evaluation of sutures and nonpenetrating metal clips for vascular reconstruction. Cardiovasc Surg 26:139, 1995.
51. Kuga K, Nishifuji K, Iwasaki T: Cyclosporine A inhibits transcription of cytokine genes and decreases the frequencies of IL-2 producing cells in feline mononuclear cells. J Vet Med Sci 70:1011, 2008. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
52. Kuhr CS, Yunusov M, Sale G, et al: Long term tolerance to kidney allografts in a preclinical canine model. Transplantation 84:545, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kurlberg G, Haglind E, Schon K, et al: Blockade of the B7-CD28 pathway by CTLA4-Ig counteracts rejection and prolongs survival in small bowel transplantation. Scand L Immunol 51:224-230, 2000.
54. Kuwahara Y, Kobayashi R, Iwata J, et al: Method of lymphocytotoxic crossmatch test for feline renal transplantation. J Vet Med Sci 61:481, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Wooldridge JD, et al: Management of hypertension controls postoperative neurological disorders after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 28:436, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
56. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Craigmill AL: Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after multidose oral administration and efficacy in the prevention of allograft rejection in cats with renal transplants. Am J Vet Res 64:926, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Griffey SM, et al: An evaluation of combined immunosuppression with MNA 715 and microemulsified cyclosporine on renal allograft rejection in mismatched mongrel dogs. Vet Surg 31:358, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
58. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Griffey SM, et al: Evaluation of the clinical and histological features of renal allograft rejection in cats. Vet Surg 31:49, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
59. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Griffey SM, et al: Modified Noble plication for the prevention of intestinal intussusception after renal transplantation in dogs. J of Invest Surg 16:161, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
60. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Craigmill AL: Comparison of the in vitro antiproliferative effects of five immunosuppressive drugs on lymphocytes in whole blood from cats. Am J Vet Res 61:906, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
61. Lirtzman RA, Gregory CR: Long-term renal and hematological effects of uninephrectomy in healthy feline kidney donors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1044, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
62. Lirtzman RA, Gregory CR, Levitski RE, et al: Combined immunosuppression with leflunomide and cyclosporine prevents MLR-mismatched renal allograft rejection in a mongrel canine model. Transplantation Proc 28:945, 1996.
63. Mathews KA, Holmberg DL, Miller CW: Kidney transplantation in dogs with naturally occurring end stage renal disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:294, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
64. Mathews KG: Renal transplantation in the management of chronic renal failure. In August J, editor: Consultation in feline internal medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, p 319.
65. Mathews KG: Placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for the medical management of feline renal transplant candidates. Personal communication, 2000.
66. Mathews KG, Gregory CR: Renal transplants in cats: 66 cases (1987–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1432, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
67. McAnulty JF: Hypothermic storage of feline kidneys for transplantation: Successful ex vivo storage up to 7 hours. Vet Surg 27:312, 1998. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
68. McAnulty JF, Lensmeyer GL: Comparison of high performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay methods for measurement of cyclosporine A blood concentrations after feline kidney transplantation. Vet Surg 27:589,1998. PUBMED Abstract
69. McAnulty JF, Lensmeyer GL: The effects of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in cats. Vet Surg 28:448,1999. PUBMED Abstract
70. Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Craigmill AL, et al: Disposition of cyclosporine after intravenous and multi- dose oral administration in cats. J Vet Pharmacol 26:349, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
71. Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Pollard R, et al: Comparison of 3 techniques for ureteroneocystostomy in cats. Vet Surg 34:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
72. Milovancev M, Schmeidt CW, Bentley E, et al: Use of capecitabine to prevent acute renal allograft rejection in dog erythrocyte antigen-mismatched mongrel dogs. Vet Surg 36:10, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
73. Mital D, Foster PF, Jensik SC, et al: Renal transplantation without sutures using the vascular clipping system for renal artery and vein anastomosis: a new technique. Transplantation 62:1171, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
74. Nam HS, McAnulty JF, Kwak HH, et al: Gingival overgrowth in dogs associated with clinically relevant cyclosporine blood levels: observations in a canine renal transplantation model. Vet Surg 37:247, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
75. Newell SM, Ellison GW, Graham JP, et al: Scintigraphic, sonographic, and histologic evaluation of renal autotransplantation in cats. Am J Vet Res 60:775, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
76. Nordquist BC, Aronson LR: Pyogranulomatous cystitis associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in a cat after renal transplantation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1010, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
77. Opelz G, Wujciak T, Ritz E, et al: Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure. Kidney Int 53:217, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
78. Phillips H, Aronson LR: The successful use of end-to-side vascular anastomotic techniques in canine renal transplantation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011, in press.
79. Pollard R, Nyland TG, Bernsteen L, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal autografts in normal cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:380, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
80. Polyak MM, Phil M, Grosche A: Comparison of Vasosol and University of Wisconsin solutions on early kidney function after 24 hours of cold ischemia in a canine autotransplantation model. J Surg Res 150:255, 2007.
81. Raiss-Jalali GA, Fazelzadeh A, Mehdizadah AR: Effects of hypertension on transplant kidney function: 3 years of follow-up. Transplantation Proc 39:941–942, 2007.
82. Renoult E, Georges E, Biava MF, et al: Toxoplasmosis in kidney transplant recipients: report of six cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 24:625, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
83. Russell ME, Hancock WW, Akalin E, et al: Chronic cardiac rejection in the LEW to F344 rat model. Blockade of CD28-B7 costimulation by CTLA4-Ig modulates T cell and macrophage activation and attenuates arteriosclerosis. J Clin Invest 97:833–838, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
84. Schmeidt C, Penzo C, Schwab M, et al: Use of capecitabine after renal allograft transplantation in dog erythrocyte antigen matched dogs. Vet Surg 35:113, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
85. Schmiedt CW, Delaney FA, McNaulty JF: Ultrasonographic determination of resistive index and graft size for evaluating clinical feline renal allografts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:73, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
86. Schmeidt CW, Grimes JA, Holzman G: Incidence and risk factors for development of malignant neoplasia after feline renal transplantation and cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Vet Compar Oncol 7:45, 2009.
87. Schmeidt CW, Holzman G, Schwarz T, et al: Survival, complications and analysis of risk factors after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 37:683, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
88. Turka LA, Linsley PS, Lin H, et al: T cell activation by CD28 ligand B7 is required for cardiac allograft rejection in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:11102–11105, 1992.
89. Urie BK, Tillson DM, Smith CM, et al: Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1653, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
90. Valverde CR, Gregory CR, Ilkew JE: Anesthetic management in feline renal transplantation. Vet Anes Analgesia 29:117, 2002.
91. Weinstein NM, Blais MC, Harris K, et al: A newly recognized blood group in domestic shorthair cats: the Mik red cell antigen. J Vet Intern Med 21:287, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
92. Wooldridge J, Gregory CR, Mathews KG, et al: The prevalence of malignant neoplasia in feline renal transplant recipients. Vet Surg 31:94, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION XII: Endocrine System Chapter 120: Adrenal Glands
REFERENCES
1. Anderson CR, Birchard SJ, Powers BE, et al: Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:93–97, 2001. PUBMED Abstract 2. Ash RA, Harvey AM, Tasker S: Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases. J Feline Med Surg 7:173–182, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
3. Barthez PY, Marks SL, Woo J, et al: Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases (1984–1995). J Vet Intern Med 11:272–278, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
4. Becker TJ, Perry RL, Watson GL: Regression of hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat after surgical excision of an adrenocortical carcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:499–505, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
5. Besso JG, Penninck DG, Gliatto JM: Retrospective ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal lesions in 26 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:448–455, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
6. Boord M, Griffin C: Progesterone secreting adrenal mass in a cat with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:666–669, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bouayad H, Feeney DA, Caywood DD, et al: Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1610–1615, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brenner DW, Brenner CJ, Scott J, et al: Suprarenal Greenfield filter placement to prevent pulmonary embolus in patients with vena caval tumor thrombi. J Urol 147:19–23, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
9. Cunningham JG: Textbook of veterinary physiology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders.
10. Duesberg CA, Nelson RW, Feldman EC, et al: Adrenalectomy for treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in cats: 10 cases (1988–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1066–1070, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
11. Emms SG, Wortman JA, Johnston DE, et al: Evaluation of canine hyperadrenocorticism, using computed tomography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:432–439, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
12. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Comparative aspects of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs and cats. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23:671–691, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
13. Feldman EC, Nelson RW, Feldman MS: Use of low- and high-dose dexamethasone tests for distinguishing pituitary-dependent from adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:772–775, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
14. Gilson SD, Withrow SJ, Orton EC: Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs. Vet Surg 23:195–200, 1994. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Gilson SD, Withrow SJ, Wheeler SL, et al: Pheochromocytoma in 50 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 8:228–232, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
16. Goggs R, Benigni L, Fuentes VL, et al: Pulmonary thromboembolism. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 19:30, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
17. Gould SM, Baines EA, Mannion PA, et al: Use of endogenous ACTH concentration and adrenal ultrasonography to distinguish the cause of canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Small Anim Pract 42:113–121, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
18. Guyton AC: The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla. In Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors: Textbook of medical physiology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2006, Elsevier, pp 748–760.
19. Herrera MA, Mehl ML, Kass PH, et al: Predictive factors and the effect of phenoxybenzamine on outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. J Vet Intern Med 22:1333– 1339, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
20. Hullinger RL: The endocrine system. In Miller ME, Evans HE, editors: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 574–579.
21. Jimenez Pelaez M, Bouvy BM, Dupre GP: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for treatment of unilateral adrenocortical carcinomas: technique, complications, and results in seven dogs. Vet Surg 37:444–453, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Kook PH, Boretti FS, Hersberger M, et al: Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine to creatinine ratios in healthy dogs at home and in a hospital environment and in 2 dogs with pheochromocytoma. J Vet Intern Med 21:388–393, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Kyles AE, Feldman EC, De Cock HE, et al: Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:654–662, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
24. Louvet A, Lazard P, Denis B: Phaeochromocytoma treated by en bloc resection including the suprarenal caudal vena cava in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46:591–596, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
25. Lynn RC, Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Efficacy of microcrystalline desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. DOCP clinical study group. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:392–396, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
26. Moore LE, Biller DS, Olsen DE: Hyperadrenocorticism treated with metyrapone followed by bilateral adrenalectomy in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:673, 691–694, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
27. Myers NC 3rd: Adrenal incidentalomas: Diagnostic workup of the incidentally discovered adrenal mass. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:381–399, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
28. Peacock JT, Fossum TW, Bahr AM, et al: Evaluation of gradual occlusion of the caudal vena cava in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 64:1347–1353, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Peterson ME, Birchard SJ, Mehlhaff CJ: Anesthetic and surgical management of endocrine disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 14:911–925, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
30. Peyton JW, Stewart JR, Greenfield LJ, et al: Hemodynamics and renal function following experimental suprarenal vena caval occlusion. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155:37–42, 1982. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
31. Reusch CE: Hyperadrenocorticism. In Ettinger SJ, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders.
32. Reusch CE, Feldman EC: Canine hyperadrenocorticism because of adrenocortical neoplasia. Pretreatment evaluation of 41 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 5:3–10, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
33. Rose SA, Kyles AE, Labelle P, et al: Adrenalectomy and caval thrombectomy in a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:209–214, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
34. Scavelli TD: Adrenalectomy. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 539–542.
35. Scavelli TD, Peterson ME, Matthiesen DT: Results of surgical treatment for hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia in the dog: 25 cases (1980–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:1360–1364, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
36. Schwartz P, Kovak JR, Koprowski A, et al: Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:77– 84, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
37. Swiderski JK, Seim HB 3rd, MacPhail CM, et al: Long-term outcome of domestic ferrets treated surgically for hyperadrenocorticism: 130 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1338– 1343, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
38. van Sluijs FJ, Sjollema BE: Adrenalectomy in 36 dogs and 2 cats with hyperadrenocorticism. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 117(suppl 1):29S, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
39. van Sluijs FJ, Sjollema BE, Voorhout G, et al: Results of adrenalectomy in 36 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adreno–cortical tumour. Vet Q 17:113–116, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
40. Vaughan MA, Feldman EC, Hoar BR, et al: Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1321–1328, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
41. Weiss CA, Scott MV: Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in the domestic ferret: 94 cases (1994–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:487–493, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
42. Weiss CA, Williams BH, Scott JB, et al: Surgical treatment and long-term outcome of ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia: 56 cases (1994–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:820–823, 1999. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 121: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
REFERENCES
1. Bailey DB, Page RL: Tumors of the endocrine system. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders, pp 583–609. 2. Bezzola P: Thyroid carcinoma and hyperthyroidism in a dog. Can Vet J 43:125–126, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
3. Bieglmayer C, Prager G, Niederle B: Kinetic analyses of parathyroid hormone clearance as measured by three rapid immunoassays during parathyroidectomy. Clin Chem 48:1731–1738, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
4. Blaze C: Veterinary anesthesia drug quick reference, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 230.
5. Carver JR, Kapatkin A, Patnaik AK: A comparison of medullary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid adenocarcinoma in dogs: a retrospective study of 38 cases. Vet Surg 24:315–319, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
6. Ehrhart N: Thyroid. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1700–1710.
7. Feldman EC, Hoar B, Pollard R, et al: Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:756–761, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
8. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Canine hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIV, St Louis, 2009, Saunders, pp 247– 251.
9. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Canine thyroid tumors and hyperthyroidism. In Feldman EC, Nelson RW, editors: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 219–249.
10. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Feline hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis). In Feldman EC, Nelson RW, editors: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 152–218.
11. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. In Feldman EC, Nelson RW, editors: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 660–715.
12. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Hypothyroidism. In Feldman EC, Nelson RW, editors: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 86–151.
13. Flanders JA: Parathyroid gland. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 723, 1711–17101.
14. Flanders JA: Surgical options for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 1:127–134, 1999. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Flanders JA, Neth S, Erb HN, et al: Functional analysis of ectopic parathyroid activity in cats. Am J Vet Res 52:1336–1340, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
16. Fossum TW: The endocrine system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 487–530.
17. Gear RNA, Neiger R, Skelly BJS, et al: Primary hyperparathyroidism in 29 dogs: diagnosis, treatment, outcome and associated renal failure. J Small Anim Pract 46:10–16, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
18. Goldsmith RE, Wulsin J, Wiester MJ: Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy on the clinical course and the serum calcium and phosphorus concentration in dogs. Endocrinology 76:9, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
19. Goldstein RE, Atwater DZ, Cazolli DM, et al: Inheritance, mode of inheritance, and candidate genes for primary hyperparathyroidism in keeshonden. J Vet Intern Med 21:199–203, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
20. Guptill L, Scott-Moncrieff CR, Janovitz EB, et al: Response to high-dose radioactive iodine administration in cats with thyroid carcinoma that had previously undergone surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1055–1058, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
21. Guyton AC, Hall JE: Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D, bone, and teeth. In Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors: Textbook of medical physiology, ed 9, Philadelphia, 1996, Saunders, pp 985–1002.
22. Ham K, Greenfield CL, Barger A, et al: Validation of a rapid parathyroid hormone assay and intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone in dogs with benign naturally occurring primary hyperparathyroidism. Vet Surg 38:122–132, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
23. Harvey AM, Hibbert A, Barrett EL, et al: Scintigraphic findings in 120 hyperthyroid cats. J Feline Med Surg 11:96–106, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
24. Harvier P, Morel L: Topographie du tissue parathyroidien chez le chat. CR Soc Biol 66:837–839, 1903.
25. Hibbert A, Gruffydd-Jones T, Barrett EL, et al: Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high dose radioactive iodine treatment. J Feline Med Surg 11:116–124, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
26. Hullinger RL: The endocrine system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 559–585.
27. Landerson PW, Levin AA, Ridgway EC, et al: Complications of surgery in hypothyroid patients. Am J Med 77:261, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
28. Liptak JM: Canine thyroid carcinoma. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 22:75–81, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
29. Matwichuck C, Taylor SM, Daniel GB, et al: Double-phase parathyroid scintigraphy in dogs using 99mTc-sestamibi. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:461–469, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Naan EC, Kirpensteijn J, Kooistra HS, et al: Results of thyroidectomy in 101 cats with hyperthyroidism. Vet Surg 35:287–293, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
31. Nicholas JS, Swingle WW: An experimental and morphological study of the parathyroid glands of the cat. Am J Anat 34:469–509, 1925. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
32. Norsworthy GD, Adams VJ, McElhaney MR, et al: Palpable thyroid and parathyroid nodules in asymptomatic cats. J Feline Med Surg 4:145–151, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
33. Pack L, Roberts RE, Dawson SD, et al: Definitive radiation therapy for infiltrative thyroid carcinoma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:471–474, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Padgett S: Feline thyroid surgery. Vet Clin Small Anim 32:851–859, 2002.
35. Padgett S, Tobias KM, Leathers CW, et al: Efficacy of parathyroid gland autotransplantation in maintaining serum calcium concentration after bilateral thyroparathyroidectomy in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:219–224, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
36. Page RL: Tumors of the endocrine system. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 418–444.
37. Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG, Erlandson RA, et al: Mediastinal parathyroid adenocarcinoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 15:55–63, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
38. Rasor L, Pollard R, Feldman EC: Retrospective evaluation of three treatment methods for primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:70–77, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Reusch CE, Tomsa K, Zimmer C, et al: Ultrasonography of the parathyroid glands as an aid in differentiation of acute and chronic renal failure in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1849–1852, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
40. Ruopp J: Primary hypoparathyroidism in a cat complicated by suspect iatrogenic calcinosis cutis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:370–373, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Safer JD, Crawford TM, Holick MF. A role for thyroid hormone in wound healing through keratin gene expression. Endocrinology 145:2357–2361, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
42. Scavelli TD, Peterson ME: The thyroid. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 1514–1523.
43. Schaefer C, Goldstein RE: Canine primary hyperparathyroidism. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:382–390, 2009.
44. Schaer M, Ginn PE, Fox LE, et al: Severe calcinosis cutis associated with treatment of hypoparathyroidism in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:364–369, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
45. Seehofer D, Rayes N, Ulrich F, et al: Intraoperative measurement of intact parathyroid hormone in renal hyperparathyroidism by an inexpensive routine assay. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 386:440– 443, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
46. Simpson AC, McCown JL: Systemic hypertension in a dog with a functional thyroid gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:1474–1479, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
47. Swalec KM, Birchard SJ: Recurrence of hyperthyroidism after thyroidectomy in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:433–437, 1990.
48. Taeymans O, Peremans K, Saunders JH: Thyroid imaging in the dog: current status and future direction. J Vet Intern Med 21:673–684, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
49. Tha Nassif AC, Hintz Greca F, Graf H, et al: Wound healing in colonic anastomosis in hypothyroidism. Eur Surg Res 42:209–215, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Theon AP, Marks SL, Feldman ES, Griffey S: Prognostic factors and patterns of treatment failure in dogs with unresectable differentiated thyroid carcinomas treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1775–1779, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
51. Tobias KM: Feline thyroidectomy. In Tobias KM, editor: Manual of small animal soft tissue surgery, Ames, IA, 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 433–440.
52. Turrel JM, McEntee MC, Burke BP, et al: Sodium iodine I131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:542–548, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
53. van Hoek I, Lefebvre HP, Peremans K, et al: Short- and long-term follow-up of glomerular and tubular renal markers of kidney function in hyperthyroid cats after treatment with radioiodine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 36:45–56, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
54. van Hoek I, Meyer E, Duchateau L, et al: Retinol-binding protein in serum and urine of hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine. J Vet Intern Med 23:1031–1037, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
55. Worth AJ, Zuber RM, Hocking M: Radioiodide (131I) therapy for the treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma. Aust Vet J 83:208–214, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
56. Zimmermann E, Ribas-Fiho JM, Malafaia O, et al: Tracheal suture in rats with hypothyroidism: wound healing study. Acta Cir Bras 24:282–289, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION XIII: Ear Chapter 122: Pinna and External Ear Canal
1. Angus JC: Otic cytology in health and disease. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:411–424, 2004. PUBMED Abstract 2. Aoki-Komori S, Simada K, Tani K, et al: Microbial flora in the ears of healthy experimental beagles. Exp Anim 56(1):67–69, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
3. Atwater SW, Powers BE, Straw RC, Withrow SJ: Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna and nasal planum. Fifty-four cats (1980–1991). Proc Annu Conf Vet Cancer Soc 11:35–36, 1991.
4. Bacon NJ, Gilbert RL, Bostock DE, White RAS: Total ear canal ablation in the cat: indications, morbidity and long-term survival. J Small Anim Pract 44(10):430–434, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bischoff MG, Kneller SK: Diagnostic imaging of the canine and feline ear. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:437–458, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Blättler U, Harlin O, Mattison RG, Rampelberg F: Fibrin sealant as a treatment for canine aural haematoma: a case history. Vet J 173:697–700, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bond R, Saijonmaa-Koulumies LE, Lloyd DH: Population sizes and frequency of Malassezia pachydermatitis at skin and mucosal sites on healthy dogs. J Small Anim Pract 36(4):147–150, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
8. Boothe HW, Hobson HP, McDonald DE: Treatment of traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages without ablation: results in five dogs. Vet Surg 25(5):376–379, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
9. Buback JL, Boothe HW, Carroll GL, et al: Comparison of three methods of pain relief after ear canal ablation in dogs. Vet Surg 25:380–385, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
10. Caine AR, Herrtage ME, Ladlow JF: Imaging diagnosis: ear canal distension following external auditory canal atresia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(3):267–269, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
11. Calhoun ML, Stinson AW: Integument. In Dellman H-D, Brown EM, editors: Textbook of veterinary histology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1987, Lea & Febiger, pp 382–415.
12. Cechner PE: Suture technique for repair of aural hematoma. In Bojrab MJ, Ellison GW, Slocum B, editors: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 95–98.
13. Clarke RE: Cryosurgical treatment of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Aust Vet Pract 21:148–153, 1991.
14. Clarke SP: Surgical management of acute ear canal separation in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 6(4):283–286, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
15. Cole LK: Otoscopic evaluation of the ear canal. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:397–410, 2004. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Cole LK, Kwochka KW, Kowalski JJ, Hillier A: Microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:534–538, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
17. Cole LK, Papich MG, Kwochka KW, et al: Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end-stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Vet Dermatol 20:51–59, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
18. Connery NA, McAllister H, Hay C: Para-aural abscessation following traumatic ear canal separation in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 42(5):253–256, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
19. Cook LB: Neurologic evaluation of the ear. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:425–435, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
20. Coomer AR, Bacon NJ: Primary anastomosis of segmental external auditory canal atresia in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 11:864–868, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
21. Cox CL, Hunt GB, Cadier MM: Repair of oronasal fistulae using auricular cartilage grafts in five cats. Vet Surg 36:164–169, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
22. Crespo MJ, Abarca ML, Cabanes FJ: Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Med Mycol 40:115–121, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
23. Czernry C, Turtschek K, Duman M, Imhof H: Imaging of the middle ear. CT and MRI. Radiology 37:945–953; 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Day DG, Couto CG, Weisbrode, et al: Basal cell carcinoma in two cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:265–269, 1994.
25. de Queiroz FG, Matera JM, Dagli MLZ: Clinical study of cryosurgery efficacy in the treatment of skin and subcutaneous tumors in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 37:438–443, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
26. Devitt CM, Seim HB, Willer R, et al: Passive drainage versus primary closure after total ear canal ablation-lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: 59 dogs (1985–1995). Vet Surg 26:210–216, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
27. Dorn CR, Taylor DO, Schneider R: Sunlight exposure and risk of developing cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma in white cats. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:1073–1078, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
28. Dye TL, Teague HD, Ostwald DA, Ferreira SD: Evaluation of a technique using the carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of aural hematomas. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:385–390, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
29. Eom K, Lee H, Yoon J: Canalographic evaluation of the external ear canal in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41(3):231–234, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Evans HE: The ear. In Miller ME, Evans HE, editors: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 988–1008.
31. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP: Inflammatory polyps and aural neoplasia. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:489– 509, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Fossum TW: Aural hematomas and traumatic lesions of the pinna. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St. Louis, 1997, Mosby, pp 171–176. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Fossum TW: Surgery of the ear. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St. Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 229–253.
34. Garosi LS, Dennis R, Penderis J, Lamb CR, et al: Results of magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with vestibular disorders: 85 cases (1996–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(3):385–391, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
35. Getty R, Foust HL, Presley ET, Miller ME: Macroscopic anatomy of the ear of the dog. Am J Vet Res 17:364–375, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
36. Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS: Basal cell tumors. In Skin tumors of the dog and cat, Oxford, 1998, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp 16–28.
37. Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS: Ceruminous gland tumors. In Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, editors: Skin tumors of the dog and cat, New York, 1992, Pergamon Press, pp 96–102.
38. Gotthelf LN: Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:469–487, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Greene CE: Otitis externa. In Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1998, Saunders, pp 549–554.
40. Griffin CE, DeBoer DJ: The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XIV): clinical manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 81:255–269, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Hahn KA, Panjehpour M, Legendre AM: Photodynamic therapy response in cats with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma as a function of fluence. Vet Dermatol 9:3–7, 1998.
42. Hardie EM, Linder KE, Pease AP: Aural cholesteatoma in twenty dogs. Vet Surg 37:763–770, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
43. Harvey CE: The ear and nose. In Harvey CE, Newton CD, Schwartz A, editors: Small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1990, JB Lippincott, pp 171–188.
44. Hettlich BF, Boothe HW, Simpson RB, et al: Effect of tympanic cavity evacuation and flushing on microbial isolates during total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(5):748–755, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
45. Higginbotham ML, Henry CJ, Watson Z, et al: Biological behavior of canine aural mast cell tumors. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Veterinary Cancer Society, Pacific Grove, CA, 2000, p 52.
46. Holt D, Brockman DJ, Sylvestre AM, et al: Lateral exploration of fistulas developing after total ear canal ablations: 10 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:527–530, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
47. Horne RD, Henderson RA: Pinna. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1737–1745.
48. Hoskinson JJ: Imaging techniques in the diagnosis of middle ear disease. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 8(1):10–16, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
49. House A: Atresia of the distal external acoustic meatus in a Bouvier des Flandres. J Small Anim Pract 42:88–89, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
50. Joyce J: Canine aural haematoma. Waltham Focus 10:4, 2000. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
51. Joyce JA: Treatment of canine aural haematoma using an indwelling drain and corticosteroids. J Small Anim Pract 35:341–344, 1994.
52. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N: The eye and ear. In Pathology of domestic animals, vo1 1, ed 3, London, 2007, Academic Press, pp 393–398.
53. Kirpensteijn J: Aural neoplasms. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 8(1):17–23, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
54. Krahwinkel DJ: External ear canal. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1560–1567.
55. Krahwinkel DJ: External ear canal. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1746–1756.
56. Krahwinkel DJ, Pardo AD, Sims MH, Bubb WJ: Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(6):949–952, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kuwahara J: Canine and feline aural haematomas: results of treatment with corticosteroids. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:641–647, 1986.
58. Kyles AE: Traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages in two cats. Vet Rec 31:419–424, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
59. Lana SE, Ogilvie GK, Withrow SJ, et al: Feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum and the pinnae: 61 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(4):329–332, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
60. Lanz OI, Wood BC: Surgery of the ear and pinna. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:567–599, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Lee J, Eom K, Seong Y, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47(1):94–98, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
62. Little CJL, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the clinical and pathological features of cholesteatoma, a complication of otitis media. Vet Rec 128:319–322, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
63. London CA, Dubilzeig RR, Vail DM, et al: Evaluation of dogs and cats with tumors of the ear canal: 145 cases (1978–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 280(9):1413–1418, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
64. Marino DJ, MacDonald JM, Matthiesen DT, et al: Results of surgery and long-term follow-up in dogs with ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:560–563, 1993.
65. Marino DJ, MacDonald JM, Matthiesen DT, et al: Results of surgery in cats with ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:54–58, 1994.
66. Mason LK, Harvey CE, Orsher RJ: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy for end-stage otitis in dogs. Results in thirty dogs. Vet Surg 17(5):263–268, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
67. Mathews KG, Hardie EM, Murphy KM: Subtotal ear canal ablation in 18 dogs and one cat with minimal distal ear canal pathology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:371–380, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
68. Matousek JL: Diseases of the ear pinna. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:511–540, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
69. Matthiesen DT, Scavelli T: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in 38 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:257–267, 1990.
70. McCarthy PE, Hosgood G, Penchman RD: Traumatic ear canal separations and para-aural abscessation in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:419–424, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
71. McNabb AH, Flanders JA: Cosmetic results of a ventrally based advancement flap for closure of total ear canal ablations in 6 cats: 2002–2003. Vet Surg 33:435–439, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
72. Miller MA, Nelson SL, Turk JR, et al: Cutaneous neoplasia in 340 cats. Vet Pathol 28(5):389–395, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
73. Miller MA, Ramos JA, Kreeger JM: Cutaneous vascular neoplasia in 15 cats: clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical studies. Vet Pathol 29(4):329–336, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
74. Moisan PG, Watson GL: Ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats: a review of 124 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:449–453, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
75. Molander-McCrary H, Henry CJ, Potter K, et al: Cutaneous mast cell tumors in cats: 32 cases (1991–1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34(4):281–284, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
76. Nuttall TJ, Burrow R, Fraser I, Kipar A: Thrombo-ischaemic pinnal necrosis associated with fenbendazole treatment in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46(5):243–246, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
77. Oliveira LC, Leite CAL, Brilhante RSN, Carvalho CBM: Comparative study of the microbial profile from bilateral canine otitis externa. Can Vet J 49:785–788, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
78. Peaston AE, Leach MW, Higgins RJ: Photodynamic therapy for nasal and aural squamous cell carcinoma in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(8):1261–1265, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
79. Pratschke KM: Inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in 5 dogs. Vet Surg 32(3):292–296, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
80. Rogers KS: Tumors in the ear canal. Vet Clin Small Anim 18:859–868, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
81. Rohleder JJ, Jones CJ, Duncan RB, et al: Comparative performance of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of middle ear disease in 31 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:45–52, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
82. Romatowski J: Nonsurgical treatment of aural hematomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204(9):1318, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
83. Rosser EJ: Causes of otitis externa. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:459–468, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
84. Rosser EJ: Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203(2):259–262, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
85. Schmidt K, Piaia T, Bertolini G, De Lorenzi D: External auditory canal atresia of probable congenital origin in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 48(4):233–236, 2007.
86. Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE: Diseases of the eyelids, claws, anal sacs, and ear. In Muller and Kirk’s small animal dermatology, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 1204–1219. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
87. Sharp NJH: Chronic otitis externa and media treated by total ear canal ablation and ventral bulla osteotomy in thirteen dogs. Vet Surg 19:162–166, 1990.
88. Siemmering GH: Resection of the vertical ear canal for treatment of chronic otitis externa. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 16:753, 1980.
89. Simpson D: Atresia of the external acoustic meatus in a dog. Aust Vet J 75(1):18–20, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
90. Smeak DD: Traumatic separation of the annular cartilage from the external auditory meatus in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(4):448–450, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
91. Smeak DD, Crocker CB, Birchard SJ: Treatment of recurrent otitis media that developed after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: nine cases (1986–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209(5):937–942, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
92. 91a. Smeak DD, DeHoff WD: Total ear canal ablation: clinical results in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 15:161, 1986.
92. Smeak DD, Inpanbutr N: Lateral approach to subtotal bulla osteotomy in dogs: pertinent anatomy and procedural details. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 27(5): 377–385; 2005.
93. Smeak DS: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. In Bojrab MJ, Ellison GW, Slocum B, editors: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 102–109. PUBMED Abstract
94. Stell AJ, Dobson JM, Langmack K: Photodynamic therapy of feline superficial squamous cell carcinoma using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid. J Small Anim Pract 42(4):164–169, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
95. Swaim SF, Bradley DM: Evaluation of closed-suction drainage for treating auricular hematomas. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32(1):36–43, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
96. Sylvestre A: Potential factors affecting the outcome of dogs with a resection of the lateral wall of the vertical canal. Can Vet J 39(3):157–160, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
97. Théon AP, Barthez PY, Madewell BR, Griffey SM: Radiation therapy of ceruminous gland carcinomas in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(4):566–569, 1994.
98. Tirgari M: Long-term evaluation of the pull-through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 29:165, 1988.
99. Tirgari M, Pinniger RS: Pull-through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 27:123, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
100. Tivers MS, Brockman DJ: Separation of the auricular and annular cartilages: surgical repair technique and clinical use in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 38:349–354, 2009.
101. Toforoff RJ: Soft tissue surgery. In Holzworth J, editor: Diseases of the cat, Philadelphia, 1987, Saunders. PUBMED Abstract
102. Trower ND, Gregory SP, Renfrew GH, Lamb CR: Evaluation of the canine tympanic membrane by positive contrast ear canalography. Vet Rec 142:78–81, 1998.
103. Van der Gagg I: The pathology of the external ear canal in dogs and cats. Vet Q 8(4):307–317, 1986. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
104. Venker van Haagen AJ: Diseases and surgery of the ear. In Sherding RG, editor: The cat: diseases and clinical management, vol 2, ed 2, New York, 1994, Churchill Livingston, 1994, pp 1999–2009.
105. White RAS, Pomeroy CJ: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 31:547–553, 1990.
106. Williams JM, White RAS: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 33:225–227, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
107. Wilson JW: Treatment of auricular haematoma, using a teat tube. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:1081–1083, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
108. Wolfe TM, Bateman SW, Cole LK, Smeak DD: Evaluation of a local anesthetic delivery system for the postoperative analgesic management of canine total ear canal ablation: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Vet Anaesth Analg 33:328–339, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
109. Yamasoba T, Tayama N, Kitamura K: Auricular hematoma: case report of ruptured othematoma and bibliographic review. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 93: 2028–2037, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
110. Yoshikawa H, Mayer MN, Linn KA, et al: A dog with squamous cell carcinoma in the middle ear. Can Vet J 49:877–879, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
111. Zur G: Bilateral ear canal neoplasia in three dogs. Vet Dermatol 16(4):276–280, 2005. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 123: Middle and Inner Ear
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1. Anderson DM, Robinson RK, White RA: Management of inflammatory polyps in 37 cats. Vet Rec 147(24):684, 2000. PUBMED Abstract 2. Angus JC, Campbell KL: Uses and indications for video-otoscopy in small animal practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 31(4):809, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
3. Bacon NJ, Gilbert RL, Bostock DE, White RA: Total ear canal ablation in the cat: indications, morbidity and long-term survival. J Small Anim Pract 44(10):430, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
4. Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Swinney GR, et al: Peripheral vestibular disease associated with cryptococcosis in three cats. J Feline Med Surg 2(1):29, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
5. Beckman SL, Henry WB Jr, Cechner P: Total ear canal ablation combining bulla osteotomy and curettage in dogs with chronic otitis externa and media. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196(1):84, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bischoff MG, Kneller SK: Diagnostic imaging of the canine and feline ear. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34(2):437, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
7. Branis M, Burda H: Inner ear structure in the deaf and normally hearing Dalmatian dog. J Comp Pathol 95(2):295, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
8. Cole LK, Kwochka KW, Hillier A, et al: Ciprofloxacin as a representative of disk diffusion in vitro susceptibility of enrofloxacin for bacterial organisms from the middle-ear tissue of dogs with end- stage otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 17(2):128, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
9. Cole LK, Kwochka KW, Kowalski JJ, et al: Microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media. J Am Vet Med Assoc 15:212(4):534, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
10. Cole LK, Papich MG, Kwochka KW, et al: Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end-stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Vet Dermatol 20(1):51, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cole LK, Podell M, Kwochka KW: Impedance audiometric measurements in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 61(4):442, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
12. Cole LK, Samii VF: Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic imaging of the auditory tube in mesaticephalic dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48(2):125, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
13. Cole LK, Weisbrode SE, Smeak DD: Variation in gross and histological appearance of the canine pars flaccida. Vet Dermatol 18(6):464, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
14. Cook LB, Bergman RL, Bahr A, et al: Inflammatory polyp in the middle ear with secondary suppurative meningoencephalitis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(6):648, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
15. Coppens AG, Gilbert-Gregory S, Steinberg SA, et al: Inner ear histopathology in “nervous Pointer dogs” with severe hearing loss. Hear Res 200(1–2):51, 2005. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
16. Coppens AG, Kiss R, Heizmann CW, et al: An original inner ear neuroepithelial degeneration in a deaf Rottweiler puppy. Hear Res 161(1–2):65, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
17. Corfield GS, Burrows AK, Imani P, et al: The method of application and short term results of tympanostomy tubes for the treatment of primary secretory otitis media in three Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs. Aust Vet J 86(3):88, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
18. Cox CL: Insertion of a transtympanic ventilation tube for the treatment of otitis media with effusion. J Small Anim Pract 30:517, 1989.
19. Cox CL, Payne-Johnson CE: Aural cholesterol granuloma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 36(1):25, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
20. Davidson EB, Brodie HA, Breznock EM: Removal of a cholesteatoma in a dog, using a caudal auricular approach. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(12):1549, 1995.
21. Defalque VE, Rosenstein DS, Rosser EJ Jr: Measurement of normal middle ear cavity volume in mesaticephalic dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(6):490, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
22. de Lorimier LP, Alexander SD, Fan TM: T-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat. Can Vet J 44(12):987, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
23. Detweiler DA, Johnson LR, Kass PH, et al: Computed tomographic evidence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease: 2001–2004. J Vet Intern Med 20(5):1080, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
24. Devitt CM, Seim HB 3rd, Willer R, et al: Passive drainage versus primary closure after total ear canal ablation-lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: 59 dogs (1985–1995). Vet Surg 26(3):210, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
25. Dickie AM, Doust R, Cromarty L, et al: Ultrasound imaging of the canine tympanic bulla. Res Vet Sci 75(2):121, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dickie AM, Doust R, Cromarty L, et al: Comparison of ultrasonography, radiography and a single computed tomography slice for the identification of fluid within the canine tympanic bulla. Res Vet Sci 75(3):209, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
27. Doust R, King A, Hammond G, et al: Assessment of middle ear disease in the dog: a comparison of diagnostic imaging modalities. J Small Anim Pract 48(4):188, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
28. Edwards DF, Patton CS, Kennedy JR: Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the dog. Probl Vet Med 4(2):291, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
29. Eom K, Kwak H, Kang H, et al: Virtual CT otoscopy of the middle ear and ossicles in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(6):545, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
30. Esterline ML, Radlinsky MG, Schermerhorn T: Endoscopic removal of nasal polyps in a cat using a novel surgical approach. J Feline Med Surg 7(2):121, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
31. Fiorito DA: Oral and peripheral vestibular signs in a cat with squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188(1):71, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
32. Fliegner RA, Jubb KV, Lording PM: Cholesterol granuloma associated with otitis media and destruction of the tympanic bulla in a dog. Vet Pathol 44(4):547, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
33. Garosi LS, Dennis R, Penderis J, et al: Results of magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with vestibular disorders: 85 cases (1996–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(3):385, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Garosi LS, Dennis R, Schwarz T: Review of diagnostic imaging of ear diseases in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(2):137, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Garosi LS, Lamb CR, Targett MP: MRI findings in a dog with otitis media and suspected otitis interna. Vet Rec 146(17):501, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
36. Gregory SP: Middle ear disease associated with congenital palatine defects in seven dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 41(9):398, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
37. Griffiths LG, Sullivan M, O’Neill T, et al: Ultrasonography versus radiography for detection of fluid in the canine tympanic bulla. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(2):210, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
38. Hammond GJ, Sullivan M, Weinrauch S, et al: A comparison of the rostrocaudal open mouth and rostro 10 degrees ventro-caudodorsal oblique radiographic views for imaging fluid in the feline tympanic bulla. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(3):205, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
39. Hardie EM, Linder KE, Pease AP: Aural cholesteatoma in twenty dogs. Vet Surg 37(8):763, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
40. Hettlich BE, Boothe HW, Simpson RB, et al: Effect of tympanic cavity evacuation and flushing on microbial isolates during total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(5):748, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
41. Hopwood PR, Bellenger CR: Cannulation of the canine auditory tube. Res Vet Sci 28(3):382, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
42. Igarashi Y, Suzuki J: Cochlear ototoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate in cats. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 242(2):167, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
43. Igarashi Y, Oka Y: Mucosal injuries following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(5):273, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
44. Igarashi Y, Oka Y: Vestibular ototoxicity following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(4):210, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
45. King AM, Weinrauch SA, Doust R, et al: Comparison of ultrasonography, radiography and a single computed tomography slice for fluid identification within the feline tympanic bulla. Vet J 173(3):638, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
46. Krahwinkel DJ, Pardo AD, Sims MH, et al: Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(6):949, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
47. Kudnig ST: Nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 17(4):174, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
48. Lane IF, Hall DG: Adenocarcinoma of the middle ear with osteolysis of the tympanic bulla in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201(3):463, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
49. Little CJ: Otitis media in the dog: a clinico-pathological study. PhD thesis, Bristol, UK, University of Bristol, 1988. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
50. Little CJ, Lane JG: An evaluation of tympanometry, otoscopy and palpation for assessment of the canine tympanic membrane. Vet Rec 124(1):5, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
51. Little CJ, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the clinical and pathological features of cholesteatoma, a complication of otitis media. Vet Rec 128(14):319, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
52. Little CJ, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the pathology of otitis media. Vet Rec 128(17):403, 1991.
53. Little CJ, Pearson GR, Lane JG: Neoplasia involving the middle ear cavity of dogs. Vet Rec 124(3):54, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
54. London CA, Dubilzeig RR, Vail DM, et al: Evaluation of dogs and cats with tumors of the ear canal: 145 cases (1978–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 208(9):1413, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
55. Lucroy MD, Vernau KM, Samii VF, et al: Middle ear tumours with brainstem extension treated by ventral bulla osteotomy and craniectomy in two cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2(4):234, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Mansfield PD, Steiss JE, Boosinger TR, Marshall AE: The effects of four, commercial ceruminolytic agents on the middle ear. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(6):479, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
57. Mason LK, Harvey CE, Orsher RJ: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy for end-stage otitis in dogs. Results in thirty dogs. Vet Surg 17(5):263, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
58. McAnulty JF, Hattel A, Harvey CE: Wound healing and brain stem auditory evoked potentials after experimental ventral tympanic bulla osteotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 24(1):9, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
59. McCarthy PE, Hosgood G, Pechman RD: Traumatic ear canal separations and para-aural abscessation in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31(5):419, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Mellema SM, Samii VF, Vernau KM, et al: Meningeal enhancement on magnetic imaging in 15 dogs and 3 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(1):10, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
61. Nuttall T, Cole LK: Evidence-based veterinary dermatology: a systematic review of interventions for treatment of Pseudomonas otitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 18(2):69, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
62. Owen MC, Lamb CR, Lu D, et al: Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45(2):149, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
63. Palmeiro BS, Morris DO, Wiemelt SP, et al: Evaluation of outcome of otitis media after lavage of the tympanic bulla and long-term antimicrobial drug treatment in dogs: 44 cases (1998–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225(4):548, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
64. Pratschke KM: Inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in 5 dogs. Vet Surg 32(3):292, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
65. Rohleder JJ, Jones JC, Duncan RB, et al: Comparative performance of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of middle ear disease in 31 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47(1):45, 2006. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
66. Rusbridge C: Primary secretory otitis media in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Small Anim Pract 45(4):222, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
67. Smeak DD, Crocker CB, Birchard SJ: Treatment of recurrent otitis media that developed after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: nine cases (1986–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209(5):937, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
68. Spangler EA, Dewey CW: Meningoencephalitis secondary to bacterial otitis media/interna in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36(3):239, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
69. Stern-Bertholtz W, Sjöström L, Håkanson NW: Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases. J Small Anim Pract 44(6):253, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
70. Strain GM: Aetiology, prevalence and diagnosis of deafness in dogs and cats. Br Vet J 152(1):17, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
71. Strain GM, Merchant SR, Neer TM, et al: Ototoxicity assessment of a gentamicin sulfate otic preparation in dogs. Am J Vet Res 56(4):532, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
72. Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Kortz GD, et al: Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and outcome after surgical and medical treatment of otogenic intracranial infection in 11 cats and 4 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 20(3):648, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
73. Tos M, Wiederhold M, Larsen P: Experimental long-term tubal occlusion in cats. A quantitative histopathological study. Acta Otolaryngol 97(5–6):580, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
74. Trower ND, Gregory SP, Renfrew H, et al: Evaluation of the canine tympanic membrane by positive contrast ear canalography. Vet Rec 142(4):78, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
75. Truy E, Disant F, Morgon A: Chronic tympanic membrane perforation: an animal model. Am J Otol 16(2):222, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
76. Vogel PL, Komtebedde J, Hirsh DC, et al: Wound contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria cultured during total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214(11):1641, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
77. White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, et al: Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract 50(7):364, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
78. Wildermuth BE, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS, et al: Susceptibility of Pseudomonas isolates from the ears and skin of dogs to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43(6):337, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
79. Yoshikawa H, Mayer MN, Linn KA, et al: A dog with squamous cell carcinoma in the middle ear. Can Vet J 49(9):877, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
80. Ziemer LS, Schwarz T, Sullivan M: Otolithiasis in three dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(1):28, 2003. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
SECTION XIV: Eye Chapter 124: Basic Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures
REFERENCES
1. Accola PJ, Bentley E, Smith LJ, et al: Development of a retrobulbar injection technique for ocular surgery and analgesia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:220, 2006. PUBMED Abstract 2. Adkins EA, Ward DA, Daniel GB, et al: Coil embolization of a congenital orbital varix in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1952, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
3. Andrew SE, Tou S, Brooks DE: Corneoconjunctival transposition for the treatment of feline corneal sequestra: a retrospective study of 17 cases (1990–1998). Vet Ophthalmol 4:107, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
4. Barnett KC: Imperforate and micro-lachrymal puncta in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 20:481, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
5. Barrett PM, Scagliotti RH, Merideth RE, et al: Absolute corneal sensitivity and corneal trigeminal nerve anatomy in normal dogs. Prog Vet Compar Ophthalmol 1:245, 1991.
6. Bedford PGC: Distichiasis and its treatment by the method of partial tarsal plate excision. J Small Anim Pract 14:1, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bellhorn RW, Barnett KC, Henkind P: Ocular colobomas in domestic cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1015, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
8. Berdoulay A, English RV, Nadelstein B: Effect of topical 0.02% tacrolimus aqueous suspension on tear production in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 8:225, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
9. Bigelbach A: A combined tarsorrhaphy-canthoplasty technique for repair of entropion and ectropion. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 6:220, 1996.
10. Blocker T, Hoffman A, Schaeffer DJ, et al: Corneal sensitivity and aqueous tear production in dogs undergoing evisceration with intraocular prosthesis placement. Vet Ophthalmol 10:147, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
11. Blogg JR: Agenesis of the feline upper eyelid. Feline Pract 15:31, 1985.
12. Bounous DI, Carmichael KP, Kaswan RL, et al: Effects of ophthalmic cyclosporine on lacrimal gland pathology and function in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 5:5, 1995.
13. Breit S, Kunzel W, Oppel M: The course of the nasolacrimal duct in brachycephalic cats. Anat Histol Embryol 32:224, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
14. Brennan KE, Ihrke PJ: Grass awn migration in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 182 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:1201, 1983. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
15. Bromberg NM: Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for treatment of refractory corneal ulceration. Vet Ophthalmol 5:55, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
16. Bromberg NM: The nictitating membrane. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11:627, 1980.
17. Chahory S, Crasta M, Trio S, et al: Three cases of prolapse of the nictitans gland in cats. Vet Ophthalmol 7:417, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
18. Chang SH, Lin AC: Effects of main lacrimal gland and third eyelid gland removal on the eye of dogs. J Chinese Soc Vet Sci 6:13, 1980.
19. Clutton RE, Boyd C, Richards DLS, et al: Significance of the oculocardiac reflex during ophthalmic surgery in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 29:573, 1988.
20. Collins BK, Collier LL, Miller MA, et al: Biologic behavior and histologic characteristics of canine conjunctival melanoma. Prog Vet Compar Ophthalmol 3:135, 1993.
21. Collins BK, MacEwen EG, Dubielzig RR, et al: Idiopathic granulomatous disease with ocular adnexal and cutaneous involvement in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:313, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
22. Constantinescu GM, McClure RC: Anatomy of the orbital fasciae and the third eyelid in dogs. Am J Vet Res 51:260, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
23. Cook CS, Rosenkrantz W, Peiffer RL, et al: Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:505, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
24. D’Anna N, Sapienza JS, Guandalini A, et al: Use of a dermal biopsy punch for removal of ectopic cilia in dogs: 19 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 10:65, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
25. Donaldson D, Sansom J, Adams V: Canine limbal melanoma: 30 cases (1992–2004). Part 2. Treatment with lamellar resection and adjunctive strontium-90 beta plesiotherapy-efficacy and morbidity. Vet Ophthalmol 9:179, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dugan SJ, Severin GA, Hungerford LL, et al: Clinical and histologic evaluation of the prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1861, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
27. Dziezyc J, Millichamp NJ: Surgical correction of eyelid agenesis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:513, 1989.
28. Eisner G: Operations on the conjunctiva. In Eisner G, editor: Eye surgery: an introduction to operative technique, ed 2, New York, 1990, Springer-Verlag, p 133.
29. Esson D: A modification of the Mustarde technique for the surgical repair of a large feline eyelid coloboma. Vet Ophthalmol 4:159, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
30. Gardiner CH, Dick EJ, Meininger AC, et al: Onchocerciasis in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:828, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
31. Gelatt KN: Eversion of the nictitating membranes. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 65:674, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gelatt KN: Surgical correction of everted nictitating membrane in the dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 67:291, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Handbook of small animal ophthalmic surgery, ed 1, Oxford, UK, 1994, Pergamon. References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
34. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Small animal ophthalmic surgery: practical techniques for the veterinarian, ed 1, New York, 2001, Butterworth Heinemann.
35. Gerding PA: Epiphora associated with canaliculops in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:424, 1991.
36. Gilger BC: Diseases and surgery of the canine cornea and sclera. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 690.
37. Gilger BC, McLaughlin SA, Whitley RD, et al: Orbital neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1974–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1083, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
38. Gilger BC, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA: Modified lateral orbitotomy for removal of orbital neoplasms in two dogs. Vet Surg 23:53, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gilger BC, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA, et al: Canine corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Am J Vet Res 52:1570, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
40. Gilger BC, Wright JC, Whitley RD, et al: Corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry in cats. Am J Vet Res 54:228, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gionfriddo JR, Krohne SG, Powell CC, et al: Idiopathic ocular and nasal granulomatous inflammatory disease in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 6:163, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
42. Giuliano EA, Moore CP: Diseases and surgery of the lacrimal secretory system. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 633.
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44. Grahn BH, Wolfer J: Diagnostic ophthalmology. Can Vet J 34:509, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
45. Gum GG, Gelatt KN, Esson DW: Physiology of the eye. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 149.
46. Gwin RM, Gelatt KN, Peiffer RL Jr: Ophthalmic nodular fasciitis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:611, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
47. Hamor RE, Roberts SM, Severin GA: Use of orbital implants after enucleation in dogs, horses, and cats: 161 cases (1980–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:701, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hamor RE, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA, et al: Intraocular silicone prostheses in dogs: a review of the literature and 50 new cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:66, 1994.
49. Hansen PA, Guandalini A: A retrospective study of 30 cases of frozen lamellar corneal graft in dogs and cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2:233, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
50. Harvey CE, Koch SA, Rubin LF: Orbital cyst with conjunctival fistula in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:1432, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
51. Hazra S, De D, Roy B, et al: Use of ketamine, xylazine, and diazepam anesthesia with retrobulbar block for phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 11:255, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
52. Helper LC, Magrane WG, Koehm J, et al: Surgical induction of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 165:172, 1974. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
53. Hendrix DV, Gelatt KN: Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of orbital neoplasia in dogs: a retrospective study of 44 cases. J Small Anim Pract 41:105, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
54. Hunt GB: Use of the lip-to-lid flap for replacement of the lower eyelid in five cats. Vet Surg 35:284, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kafarnik C, Fritsche J, Reese S: Corneal innervation in mesocephalic and brachycephalic dogs and cats: assessment using in vivo confocal microscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 11:363, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
56. Kaswan RL, Martin CL: Surgical correction of third eyelid prolapse in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:83, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kaswan RL, Martin CL, Chapman WLJ: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: histopathologic study of nictitating membrane and lacrimal glands from 28 dogs. Am J Vet Res 45:112, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
58. Kaswan RL, Salisbury MA, Ward DA: Spontaneous canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A useful model for human keratoconjunctivitis sicca: treatment with cyclosporine eye drops. Arch Ophthalmol 107:1210, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
59. Kern TJ: Orbital neoplasia in 23 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:489, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
60. Komnenou A, Egyed Z, Sreter T, et al: Canine onchocercosis in Greece: report of further 20 cases and molecular characterization of the parasite and its Wolbachia endosymbiont. Vet Parasitol 118:151, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
61. Krehbiel JD, Langham RF: Eyelid neoplasms of dogs. Am J Vet Res 36:115, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
62. Kuhns EL: Correction of eversion of the membrana nictitans in the dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 72:411, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
63. Kuhns EL: Oral mucosal grafts for membrana nictitans replacement. Mod Vet Pract 58:768, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
64. Kuhns EL: Reconstruction of canine membrane nictitans with an autograft. Mod Vet Pract 62:697, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
65. Kuhns EL: Replacement of canine membrana nictitans with a lip graft. Mod Vet Pract 62:773, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
66. La Croix NC, van der Woerdt A, Olivero DK: Nonhealing corneal ulcers in cats: 29 cases (1991– 1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:733–735, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
67. Latimer CA, Wyman M, Szymanski C, et al: Azathioprine in the management of fibrous histiocytoma in two dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:155, 1983.
68. Lavach JD, Severin GA, Roberts SM: Dacryocystitis in dogs: a review of twenty-two cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:463, 1984.
69. Lin CT, Hu CK, Liu CH, et al: Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases. J Vet Med Sci 69:847, 2007. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
70. Malhotra R: Deep orbital Sub-Q restylane (nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid) for orbital volume enhancement in sighted and anophthalmic orbits. Arch Ophthalmol 125:1623, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
71. Mane MC, Vives MA, Barrera R, et al: Results and histological development of various surgical techniques for correcting eversion of the third eyelid in dogs. Histol Histopathol 5:415, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
72. Martin CL: Canine epibulbar melanomas and their management. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:83, 1981.
73. Martin CL: Everted membrana nictitans in German Shorthaired Pointers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 157:1229, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
74. Martin CL: Eyelids. In Martin CL, editor: Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine, ed 1, London, 2004, Manson Publishing, p 145.
75. Martin CL: Orbital mucocele in a dog. Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 66:36, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
76. Melmed C, Shelton GD, Bergman R, et al: Masticatory muscle myositis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:590, 2004.
77. Miller WW: Using polysulfated glycosaminoglycan to treat persistent corneal erosions in dogs. Vet Med 91:916, 1996.
78. Millichamp NJ, Spencer CP: Orbital varix in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:56, 1991.
79. Moore CP, Constantinescu GM: Surgery of the adnexa. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:1011, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
80. Moore CP, Frappier BL, Linton LL: Distribution and course of ducts of the canine third eyelid gland: effects of two surgical replacement techniques. Vet Compar Ophthalmol 6:258, 1996.
81. Moore CP, Frappier BL, Linton LL: Effects of two surgical replacement techniques on excretory ducts of normal canine third eyelid glands. Proc Am Coll Vet Ophthalmol 25:25, 1994.
82. Moore CP, Wilsman NJ, Nordheim EV, et al: Density and distribution of canine conjunctival goblet cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Science 28:1925, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
83. Morgan RV, Abrams KL: A comparison of six different therapies for persistent corneal erosions in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 4:38, 1991.
84. Morgan RV, Abrams KL: Topical administration of cyclosporine for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1043, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Morgan RV, Duddy JM, McClurg K: Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid in dogs: a retrospective study of 89 cases (1980–1990). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:56, 1993.
86. Mughannam AJ, Reinke JD: Two cosmetic techniques for enucleation using a periorbital flap. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:308, 1994.
87. Munger RJ, Carter JD: A further modification of the Kuhnt-Szymanowski procedure for correction of atonic ectropion in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:651, 1984.
88. Murphy CJ, Bellhorn RW, Buyukmihci NC: Bilateral conjunctival masses in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:225, 1989. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
89. Murphy CJ, Pollock RVH: The eye. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 1009.
90. Noller C, Henninger W, Gronemeyer DH, et al: Computed tomography—anatomy of the normal feline nasolacrimal drainage system. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:53, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
91. Nuyttens JJ, Simoens PJ: Morphologic study of the musculature of the third eyelid in the cat (Felis catus). Lab Anim Sci 45:561, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
92. Nykamp SG, Scrivani PV, Pease AP: Computed tomography dacryocystography evaluation of the nasolacrimal apparatus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:23, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
93. O’Brien M, Withrow SJ, Straw R, et al: Total and partial orbitectomy for the treatment of periorbital tumors in 24 dogs and 6 cats: a retrospective study. Vet Surg 25:471, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
94. Olivero DK, Davidson MG, English RV, et al: Clinical evaluation of 1% cyclosporine for topical treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1039, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
95. Ozgencil FE: A new electroepilation technique for the treatment of distichiasis. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 44:159, 1997.
96. Patnaik AK, Mooney S: Feline melanoma: a comparative study of ocular, oral and dermal neoplasms. Vet Pathol 25:105, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
97. Paulsen ME, Lavach JD, Snyder SP, et al: Nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis in dogs: 19 cases (1973–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:1581, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
98. Pavletic MM, Nafe LA, Confer AW: Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid restoration in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:921, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
99. Pellicane CP, Meek LA, Brooks DE, et al: Eyelid reconstruction in five dogs by the semicircular flap technique. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 4:93, 1994.
100. Peña Gimenez MT, Fariña IM: Lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum. Vet Ophthalmol 1:163, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
101. Peruccio C: Surgical correction of prominent third eyelid in the dog. Calif Vet 35:24, 1981.
102. Plummer CE, Kälberg KN, Gelatt JP: Intranictitans tacking for replacement of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 11:228, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
103. Prince JH, Diesem CD, Eglitis I, et al: Anatomy and histology of the eye and orbit in domestic animals, ed 1, Springfield, IL, 1960, CC Thomas.
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105. Radi ZA, Miller DL, Hines ME: B-cell conjunctival lymphoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 7:413, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
106. Ramsey DT, Fox DB: Surgery of the orbit. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:1215, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
107. Read RA: Treatment of canine nictitans plasmacytic conjunctivitis with 0.2 per cent cyclosporine ointment. J Small Anim Pract 36:50, 1995. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
108. Roberts SM, Bistner SI: Surgical correction of eyelid agenesis: an improved surgical technique designed to enable lid closure. Mod Vet Pract 49:40, 1968.
109. Robertson BF, Roberts SM: Lateral canthus entropion in the dog, part 2: surgical correction. Results and follow-up from 21 cases. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 5:162, 1995.
110. Rubin LF, Aguirre G: Clinical use of pilocarpine for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:313, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
111. Salisbury MA, Kaswan RL, Ward DA, et al: Topical application of cyclosporine in the management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:269, 1990.
112. Samuelson DA: Ophthalmic anatomy. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 37.
113. Schlegel T, Brehm H, Amselgruber WM: The cartilage of the third eyelid: a comparative macroscopical and histological study in domestic animals. Ann Anat 183:165, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
114. Schoofs SH: Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid in a cat: a case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:240, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
115. Severin GA: Severin’s veterinary ophthalmology notes, ed 3, Ft Collins, CO, 1996, Veterinary Ophthalmology Notes.
116. Singh A, Cullen CL, Gelens H, et al: Diagnostic ophthalmology. Left dacryocystitis with naso- lacrimal duct obstruction. Can Vet J 45:953, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
117. Slatter D: Fundamentals of veterinary ophthalmology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1990, Saunders.
118. Sreter T, Szell Z, Egyed Z, et al: Ocular onchocercosis in dogs: a review. Vet Rec 151:1760, 2002.
119. Stades FC, Gelatt KN: Diseases and surgery of the canine eyelid. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 563.
120. Stanley RG, Hardman C, Johnson BW: Results of grid keratotomy, superficial keratectomy and debridement for the management of persistent corneal erosions in 92 dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 1:233, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
121. Stanley RG, Kaswan RL: Modification of the orbital rim anchorage method for surgical replacement of the gland of the third eyelid in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1412, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
122. Sullivan TC, Nasisse MP, Davidson MG, et al: Photocoagulation of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1989–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:891, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
123. Swinger RL, Schmidt KA Jr, Carastro SM: A modified subconjunctival enucleation technique in dogs and cats. Vet Med 104:20, 2009.
124. Tay E, Olver J: Intraorbital hyaluronic acid for enophthalmos. Ophthalmology 115:1101, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
125. Wang AL, Ledbetter EC, Kern TJ: Orbital abscess bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in dogs and cats. Vet Ophthalmol 12:91, 2009. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
126. Wheeler CA, Blanchard GL, Davidson HJ: Cryosurgery for treatment of recurrent proliferative keratoconjunctivitis in five dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:354, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
127. Wheeler CA, Severin GA: Cryosurgical epilation for the treatment of distichiasis in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:877, 1984.
128. Wilcock B, Peiffer RL Jr: Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid in seven dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1549, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
129. Wilkie DA, Wolf ED: Treatment of epibulbar melanocytoma in a dog, using full-thickness eyewall resection and synthetic graft. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1019, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
130. Williams DL: Extraocular myositis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 38:347, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
131. Wolfer JC: Correction of eyelid coloboma in four cats using subdermal collagen and a modified Stades technique. Vet Ophthalmol 5:269, 2002. PUBMED Abstract References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1
Chapter 125: Emergency Ophthalmic Surgery
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