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CUP-MARKS on STONE CIRCLES. Aberdeenshire

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CUP-MARKS on STONE CIRCLES. Aberdeenshire 86 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 1918Y11 . III. CUP-MARKS ON THE STONE CIRCLES AND STANDING-STONES OF ABERDEENSHIR D PAR F BANFFSHIREAN EO T JAMEY B . S RITCHIE, F.E.I.S., CORRESPONDING MEMBER. Durin examination ga e stonth f eno circle f Aberdeenshiro s e extend- ing over many years, numerous instance e oectirrencth f o s f thoso e e mysterious small rounded hollows known as cup-marks have been observed. Special note has been taken of every instance in which they have bee nresulte foundth thid f o s an ,s investigatio embodiee nar e th dn i following paper. Thoug circlee th l Aberdeenshirn hsi al e have been care- fully examined, it is quite likely that some of the cup-marks have escaped notice, for the stones on which they are carved have been exposed to the action of the weather for so long a period that in many instances the marks have become almost obliterated. This accounte explainth w ho ss of different observers vary as to the number of cups on any individual stone ; indeed, the same observer may notice, in a favourable light, some cupt see anothen no sn o whic d ha e rhh visi lesn i t s favourable lightA . stone can be examined to the best advantage when the surface is slightly damp, and when bright sunshine, striking slantingly across its carved face, throws a shadow into each hollow cup. An endeavour has been made to photograph these cup-marks in the light most favourable for each group, detaile shoo th t sl s wobesa o sal t t advantage eacn I .h case, also, careful attentio beenhas n possibilitgivethe nto y tha cup-likthe t e hollowsmay have been produce naturay db l weatherin ghane instea th man f dy o b f ,do and some cases of natural hollows are cited. For convenience of reference e cup-markth s have been arranged accordin theio t g r occurrencn o ) (1 e stone circles, (2) on standing-stones unconnected with circles, and (3) on rock surfaces. In the latter part of the paper an attempt has been made to draw some conclusions as to the age and purpose of these cup-marks, and a tabular summary has been annexed. o CUP-MARK STONN SO E CIRCLES. Gask Springhillor Circle, Skene. Only two stones of this circle now remain. They stand on the high ground which lies between the Skene and Bcht roads, about 10 miles west of Aberdeen and half a mile south of the village of Echt. The stone south-wese th cup-mark o o northt e lyinn e s th on o g ha t - e th st upobu , nit east bears eight rather indistinct cups, nearly all of them placed within a CUP-MARKS ON STONE CIRCLES AND STANDING-STONES. 87 short distance of the eastern edge of the stone, and'their arrangement has been determined hy thia weathere sy b edge d an , d e holloth n wo face. These cups average about 2 inche diametern si e littlar ed moran , e than \ inc depthn hrini o fron e gN th cup .e surroundtn th o sf o y san , nea e bacit e top th f th r ko n ,stonee o thero th f t faine ,bu ear t traces of a rather doubtful cup surrounded by a ring 10 inches in diameter. The growt e rinth pickes gy i lichenb f ht o dou s withi slighs nit t depression, otherwise it would hardly be noticed. The marks on this side of the stone are best seen on a clear summer morning, between six and seven o'clock, whe sunlighe nth s tnorther fallit n so n face; durin daye th e res ,f gth o t when this side is in shadow, they become almost invisible. The main grou cup-markf po e stonfrone th th f s mosei o n t so t distinct abouo tw t o'clocafternoone th n ki . Nether Corskie, Echt. The far f Nethemo r Corskie lies clos Watertoo et f Echtno , abou3 t miles west of the village of Skene. On the farm are two standing-stones, all that now remain of a circle which once stood there. The stone towards the west has two distinct cup-marks upon it—one on the southern, and the westere otheth n ro n side. Bot plaie har n cups, withou surroundiny tan g largerplaces ringe i e Th .don nea middl e soute stonee rth th th hn f eo o , side, near its western edge. It measures 3| inches in diameter and about | inch in depth. The cup on the western- side is about 4 feet above the surfac grounde th measuref d eo an , s 2^ inche diameten i s \d incan r n hi depth. It is on the southern face of this stone that the faint carvings of the mirror-case, mirror, and comb described on p. 38 of vol. xlix. of the Proceedings of the Society are to be seen. The more easterly of the two standing-stones has no carvings of any kind on its surface. Balnacraig, Lumphanan. The Balnacraig stone circle stands in a small clump of trees a little over 100 yards to the west of the farm-buildings. The recumbent stone facin south-wese gth larga s i t e outeblocke th n r o , fac x f whicsi o e e har plain cup-marks. Two of these form a group near the centre of the stone, the smaller of the two being 1£ inch in diameter and J inch deep, while the larger one is 2| inches in diameter, but only ^ inch deep. Just above the middle line of the stone, towards the west side, and about midway betwee centranthe stone edgthe l the cup eof , thersand anotheeis r group of four very shallow cups, almost hidden by the growth of lichens on the surface, so that it requires careful inspection to discover them. 8 8 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , J918.Y11 . Sunhoney, Midmar. completw fe e th One f o eston e circle n Aberdeenshiri s e standa n si small plantation, on a knoll, a short distance to the north-west of the farmhouse of Sunhoney, which is a little over a mile west of Echt, and abou mile4 t1 s from Aberdeen circlee Th . , whic visibls hi e fro maie mth n Fig. 1. Cup-marked Recumbent Stone, Sunhoney Circle. road, consist recumbena f o s t stone pillarso tw , nind an , e other standing- stones, making twelve in all. On what is at present the upper surface of the TeUumbent stone there are numerous eup-m'arks; but as the "stone appears to'have fallen over on its inner side, it seems probable that the marks were originall s outeit r southern o yro e n th cupe face n Th o s . fallen bloc kthirty-one (figar ) 1 . numbern ei usuae .th f Thelo plaie yar n type, without encircling rings, and are from 2 to 2J inches in diameter, frod an m Jo ^ t inc depthn hi fewa , , however, being rather shallod wan indistinct (fig.'2). There is also, in addition to the number on the main . block, a single cup on a fragment of stone which has been split away from the north-west corner of the recumbent stone when it was overturned. CUP-MAKK STONN O S E CIRCLE STANDING-STONESD AN S 9 8 . Mr F. R. Coles,1 after a careful examination of the markings, expressed e opinioth n that they were natural t thehu : y have been examiney b d many Aberdeenshire antiquaries, including some skilled in geology, and l agreal e that the e artificiayar l cup-rnarks. Therdoubo n s i et that Mr Cole s mistakenwa s . ~F\g. 'i. Principal group of Cup-Marks on Svmlioney Reoninbent Stone. Dru/mfowrx, C'lislini.e. There is only a single stone of this circle left standing in its original position, and it has no cup-marks upon it; but nearly 30 yards to the east ot theri f e lie largsa e boulder uppee th n ro , surfac f whiceo h sixteen cup- marks are visible (fig. 3). They vary slightly in size, two of them being a little larger than the others, while three or four are quite small and indistinct. The remainder are of the ordinary size arid depth. This bloc stonf ko etime muson e t hava t e bee goona d deal larger than t showsidi e f nowes on o i r t si fo mark, recena f so t fracture wit signo hn s of weathering upo surfaces nit bloc e liew sTh k no .quit e edg e closth eo et 1 Proceeding*, xxxiv. p. 18-4. 90 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUARY 11, 1918. of a small quarry from which stones are taken to repair the roads in the neighbourhood attempn a t look i f i beed d s sa an ,tha n mad utiliso et t ei for the same purpose. It is unfortunate that the block has been broken, for s fractureclosit o et d edge thernumbea e ear fainf ro t lines, possibly e remain th Oghan a f o sm inscription incompleto to t the e bu , yar d ean indistinct to allow of a satisfactory transliteration or interpretation. Fig. 3. Cup-marked Stone at Drumfours. The stone is not in its original position.
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