DOCSLIB.ORG

H00 Voorwerk 1-10

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Groningen Traders, ties and tensions Wubs-Mrozewicz, Justyna Joanna IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2008 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Wubs-Mrozewicz, J. J. (2008). Traders, ties and tensions: the interactions of Lübeckers, Overijsslers and Hollanders in Late Medieval Bergen. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 26-09-2021 Traders, Ties and Tensions For David Groninger Hanze Studies Deel 3 This book is published with the financial support of het Unger-Van Brero Fonds. Illustrations on the cover: Map: Seamap of Europe by Adriaen Gerritszn. van Haarlem and Cornelis Claeszn., Amsterdam 1591 (original: Maritime Museum Rotterdam). Woodcut: Olaus Magnus, Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus (1555), Universi - teitsbibliotheek Amsterdam (UvA) Bijzondere Collecties. Logo: Drawing of a cog by a Kampen town clerk, c. 1450-1470 (original: Municipal Archives, Kampen, Old Archives inv. nr. 8 Digestum Vetus). This thesis does n0t have an isbn. The isbn of the commercial edition is 978-90-8704-041-3. © Verloren Publishers, Postbus 1741, nl-1200 bs Hilversum www.verloren.nl Typography Rombus, Hilversum Printing Wilco, Amersfoort Binding Van Strien, Dordrecht No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Traders, Ties and Tensions The Interaction of Lübeckers, Overijsslers and Hollanders in Late Medieval Bergen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Letteren aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, dr. F. Zwarts, in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 5 juni 2008 om 16.15 uur Justyna Joanna Wubs-Mrozewicz geboren op 28 december 1976 te Poznan´, Polen Promotores: Prof.dr. D.E.H. de Boer Prof.dr. J.E. Olesen Copromotor: Dr. A.J. Brand Beoordelingscommissie: Prof.dr. K. van Berkel Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak Prof.dr. P.C.M. Hoppenbrouwers Contents Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 11 Demarcations of Research: Lübeckers, Overijsslers and Hollanders in Bergen until c. 1560 13 Relevant Historical Research 19 Sources 24 Analytical Framework: Changeable Ingroups and Outgroups 28 The Core and Angles of Analysis 33 I The Ins and Outs of The Trade Politics of Lübeckers and Overijsslers: Privileges, Rights and Restrictions 35 The Regulations until c. 1441: Implicit and Explicit Participation in Rights 37 The Regulations c. 1441-1560 50 The Fifteenth Century: The Strife for the Confirmations of Rights 50 The Sixteenth Century: Large- and Small-Scale Conflicts 55 Conclusions 61 II Hansards and Hollanders: Rival Groups in Trade Rights? 63 Beginnings 64 Developments in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century 73 Conclusions 80 III Group Administrators 82 The Kontor 83 The Bergen Kontor Administration and the Dominance of Lübeckers 83 The Jurisdiction of the Kontor and the Change in the Sixteenth Century 90 Overijsslers and Administration 91 The Overijssel Merchants and the Central Kontor Administration 91 The Question of Self-Governance of the Overijssel Merchants: An Ingroup within the Kontor or an Outgroup? 95 The Solved Mystery of the Deventer Alderman (1397) 98 Hollanders in Bergen and Group Administration 100 Conclusions 102 6 traders, ties and tensions IV Summertime, Wintertime: Group Settlements 104 The Fluid Physical Boundaries of the Kontor 104 Overijsslers in the Bergen Kontor: Winter Residence and Inner Divisions 113 Hollanders in Bergen 120 Conclusions 125 V Making, Breaking, and Bending Group Rules 126 The Coherent ‘Contoir’ 127 Only Hansards in the Kontor 127 Secrecy 134 The ‘aff gewecken dudesche’ or the ‘Ex-Hansards’: Breaking out of the Kontor 136 Commensality, Conviviality, and Confraternity 139 Relations with Norwegian Women: Bending and Breaking the Rules 143 The Credit System: One Boundary? 148 Overijsslers and the Non-Physical Boundaries of the Kontor 153 The Matter of Ships: Overijsslers and Hollanders Meeting at the Boundary 160 Hollanders 163 Conclusions 168 VI Goods and Groups: Cooperation, Co-Existence, Competition 170 Stockfish 172 Lübeckers and Overijsslers 176 Hansards and Hollanders 181 Grain Products 189 Lübeckers and Overijsslers 191 Hansards and Hollanders 195 Textiles 198 Lübeckers and Overijsslers: Interwoven in the Deventer Cloth Trade 199 Hansards and Hollanders 205 Smallwares, Big Issue? 207 Conclusions 212 VII Conflict Resolution within the Kontor: Three Cases 214 Overijsslers at Loggerheads in the 1460s: the Loud Case of Hermen Schoteler from Kampen, and Dirck Johanszoon and Gert Girinck from Deventer 216 Ingroup Intricacies: Overijsslers, Wends, and the Kontor in the 1468-1477 Conflict 224 One against All, All against One? The Case of Hinrick van Hasselt 236 Conclusions 243 contents 7 Conclusions and Beyond: the Bergen Case as a Universe of its Own, or a Microcosm of the Hanse? 245 Complex Relations in Bergen 245 Universe of its Own: Understanding the Relations in Bergen 249 Microcosm of the Hanse 253 Samenvatting 257 Sources and Bibliography 264 Unpublished Sources 264 List of Abbrevations (Published Sources and Bibliography) 265 Published Sources 266 Bibliography 268 Index 281 Acknowledgements This doctoral project and book owe a great deal to the inspiration, comments and help of many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisors: Dick de Boer and Hanno Brand at the University of Groningen. I greatly benefit- ed from and enjoyed our discussions, particularly when the two of you amicably disagreed with each other. My supervisor at the University of Greifswald, Jens E. Olesen, welcomed me not only with valuable suggestions, but also coffee and cakes. Second, I would like to express my gratitude to Ernst Håkon Jahr (University of Agder, Norway) for leading me onto the ‘Hanseatic’ track in the first place by giv- ing a captivating guest lecture years ago, as well as to Signe Horn Fuglesang (Uni- versity of Oslo) and Per G. Norseng (Norwegian Maritime Museum, Oslo), who taught me the tricks of the research trade during my stay in Oslo. The staff and re- searchers connected with various libraries and archives also proved to be immense- ly helpful, in particular Antjekathrin Graßman and Rolf Hammel-Kiesow in Lübeck. Former colleagues at the (former) Centre for Viking and Medieval Studies (University of Oslo) and the Institute of History at the University of Groningen, as well as Knut Helle at the University of Bergen and Louis Sicking at the Univer- sity of Leiden, all gave many positive impulses to this study. Family and friends in all corners of the world provided both support and diversion. And last but not least, thank you, David. I would not have written this book without you. Introduction The situation at the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen in 1469 was tense to say the least. Merchants from Kampen in Overijssel, who were members of this particular Hanseatic settlement in Norway, were furious about the unfair treatment they had received there a year earlier. Not only had the Kontor alderman and his assistants hindered the Overijsslers from conducting their business, excluded them from the common table, and forced them to pay a stiff fine, but the authorities had also pub- licly humiliated them. Stripped to their underwear, the traders had had to beg the assembled Kontor merchants for mercy, all because of their alleged illegal trading practices with Hollanders.1 This confrontation brings to the fore the three main groups of merchants that are the subject of this study, namely: – the dominant group at the Bergen Kontor, the Lübeckers, who occupied the posts of alderman and assistants;2 – the indignant Overijssel traders from Kampen, later joined in their pursuit of justice by burghers from Deventer and Zwolle, by then all members of the Hanseatic League and the Kontor;3 – and last but not least, the tacit party in this conflict, that is the Hollanders – in the Bergen context primarily Amsterdammers – who at no time were members of the Bergen Kontor.4 The incident also illustrates the dynamics of the mercantile relationships which will be analysed in this study. First there were the Hanseatic and Kontor ties between Lübeckers and Overijsslers, which laid the foundations for their co-existence and 1 Source of 1469, referring to the events of 1468, in A. Taranger e.a. (eds.) Norges gamle Love. Anden Række 1388-1604, 4 vol. (Christiania/Oslo 1912-) (henceforth NGL II) vol. 2 pp. 727-729; also pub- lished in Diplomatarium Norvegicum, 22 vol. (Christiania/Oslo 1847-) (henceforth DN) vol. 6 nr. 566 and G. von der Ropp (ed.) Hanserecesse. Zweiter Abtheilung. 1431-1476, 7 vol. (Leipzig 1876-1892) (henceforth HR II) vol. 6 nr. 186; recounted in 1476, NGL II/2 pp. 742-743 (HR II/7 nr. 388); NGL II/2 pp. 734-738 (HR II/7 nr. 342) § 27, NGL II/2 p. 739 (HR II/7 nr. 343) § 5. See the analysis in chap- ter ‘Conflict Resolution within the Kontor: Three Cases’. 2 NGL II/2 p. 742 (HR II/7 nr. 388). 3 NGL II/2 p. 738 (HR II/7 nr. 342) § 27; NGL II/2 pp.
Recommended publications
  • A Concise Dictionary of Middle English

    A Concise Dictionary of Middle English

    A Concise Dictionary of Middle English A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle English Table of Contents A Concise Dictionary of Middle English...........................................................................................................1 A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat........................................................................................................1 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................3 NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH...................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),..................................................................................................11 A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH....................................................................................12 A.............................................................................................................................................................12 B.............................................................................................................................................................48 C.............................................................................................................................................................82 D...........................................................................................................................................................122
  • Guide to South Dakota Norwegian-American Collections

    Guide to South Dakota Norwegian-American Collections

    GUIDE TO COLLECTIONS RELATING TO SOUTH DAKOTA NORWEGIAN-AMERICANS Compiled by Harry F. Thompson, Ph.D. Director of Research Collections and Publications The Center for Western Studies With the assistance of Arthur R. Huseboe, Ph.D. and Paul B. Olson Additional assistance by Carol Riswold, D. Joy Harris, and Laura Plowman Originally published in 1991 by The Center for Western Studies, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 and updated in 2007. Original publication was made possible by a grant from the South Dakota Committee on the Humanities and by a gift from Harold L. Torness of Sisseton, South Dakota. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Albright College 2 Augustana College, The Center for Western Studies 3 Augustana College, Mikkelsen Library 4 Augustana College (IL), Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center 5 Black Hills State University 6 Brookings Public Library 7 Canton Public Library 8 Centerville Public Library 9 Codington County Historical Society 10 Cornell University Libraries 11 Dakota State University 12 Dakota Wesleyan University 13 Dewey County Library 14 Elk Point Community Library 15 Grant County Public Library 16 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Library 17 J. Roland Hove 18 Luther College 19 Minnehaha County Historical Society 20 Minnehaha County Rural Public Library 21 Minnesota Historical Society, Research Center 2 22 Mitchell Area Genealogical Society 23 Mobridge Public Library 24 National Archives--Central Plains Region 25 North Dakota State University, North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies 26 Norwegian American Historical Association 27 James B. Olson 28 Rapid City Public Library 29 Rapid City Sons of Norway Borgund Lodge I-532 30 Regional Center for Mission--Region III, ELCA 31 St.
  • The Family and Ancestors of Nils Gjermundson Skaar and Christi Olesdatter Melstvedt

    The Family and Ancestors of Nils Gjermundson Skaar and Christi Olesdatter Melstvedt

    The Family and Ancestors of Nils Gjermundson Skaar and Christi Olesdatter Melstvedt Compiled and translated by Joanne Murray Seymour 1994 Most of this information was translated from the A.ttarbok for Kvam. Volume I, Vikey Sofai & fotarbok for Kvam. Volume II. Oystese Sokn gathered and written by L.H.Torpe in cooperation with a township committee: Mikjell T. Steine, Simon J. Fonneland &Jon O. Tjosas Ist edition published 1958 2nd edition 1980 Introduction I have tried to get information on the relatives and ancestors of my grandfather, Johannes Qohn) Nilsson Skaar gathered together in one booklet. Because he died while I was very young I have had to ask many people about him and his brothers and sisters. The information about his ancestors I have translated from the yfcttarbok for Kvam, Volumes I &c II. These were written by a committee appointed by the "heradstyre" or community council of Kvam, Norway, which is on the Hardanger fjord. Volume I is for the Vikoy parish and Volume II is for 0ystese parish. These are neighboring parishes in the kommune (community) of Kvam. They shared pastors and many aspects of government. I have used the "ahnetafel" numbering system here. These are shown in the postscript numbers after the names. I have puposely left out #1 because it could be used for any of the children of Nils and Christi Skaar. #2 & 3 are for their parents, Nils and Christi, and #4, 5, 6, & 7 are for grandparents, etc. This way a person's father's number is always twice that of the child, and the mother's number is twice plus 1.
  • The History of the Tall Ship Regina Maris

    The History of the Tall Ship Regina Maris

    Linfield University DigitalCommons@Linfield Linfield Alumni Book Gallery Linfield Alumni Collections 2019 Dreamers before the Mast: The History of the Tall Ship Regina Maris John Kerr Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/lca_alumni_books Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kerr, John, "Dreamers before the Mast: The History of the Tall Ship Regina Maris" (2019). Linfield Alumni Book Gallery. 1. https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/lca_alumni_books/1 This Book is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It is brought to you for free via open access, courtesy of DigitalCommons@Linfield, with permission from the rights-holder(s). Your use of this Book must comply with the Terms of Use for material posted in DigitalCommons@Linfield, or with other stated terms (such as a Creative Commons license) indicated in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, or if you have questions about permitted uses, please contact [email protected]. Dreamers Before the Mast, The History of the Tall Ship Regina Maris By John Kerr Carol Lew Simons, Contributing Editor Cover photo by Shep Root Third Edition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/. 1 PREFACE AND A TRIBUTE TO REGINA Steven Katona Somehow wood, steel, cable, rope, and scores of other inanimate materials and parts create a living thing when they are fastened together to make a ship. I have often wondered why ships have souls but cars, trucks, and skyscrapers don’t.
  • President Wilson Asks United Support of Congress On

    President Wilson Asks United Support of Congress On

    PUBLIrHED DAZLY ander order of THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED STATES by COMMITTEE an PUBLIC INFORMATION GEORGE CREEL, Chairman * * COMPLETE Record ofU. GOVERNMENT Activities Voi. 2 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1918. No. 477 PRESIDENT WILSON ASKS UNITED SUPPORT OF CONGRESS ON PEACE MISSION TO PARIS; GOES AS THE "SERVANT OF THE NATION" WILL KEEP "INCLOSE TOUCH" PLAN FOR THE ADJUSTMENT Counts Upon "Friendly Countenance and En- OF TERMINATED CONTRACTS couragement" at Peace Conference---Cables EXPLAINED INSTATEMENT Taken Over to Insure the Freest Communica- BY DIRECTOR OF MUNITIONS tion---Absence to be Brief as Possible---Fi- nances, Railroads, Employment, and Other CONTRACTORS FIRST Problems Discussed in Annual Address. TO MAKE INVENTORY At a joint session of the two Houses of Congress, convened to-day This, After Being Checked shortly after the third session of the Sixty-fifth Congress began, the by Accountants of the War President delivered the following address: Department, to Be Pre- GEN-TLEMEN OF THE CoNGEss: The year that has elapsed since I last stood before sented to District Boards. you to fulfill ray constitutional duty to give to the Congress from time to time in- formation on the state of the Union has been so crowded with great events, great Repayments, where Neces- processes, and great results that I cannot hope to give you an adequate picture of sary to Relieve Working its transactions or of the far-reaching changes which have been wrought in the life Capital to Enable Plants of our nation .and of the world. You have yourselves witnessed these things,. as I have.
  • American Rights & British Pretensions on the Seas;

    American Rights & British Pretensions on the Seas;

    GIass_ D^35~ Book. ^_ The Facts—and the Documents AMERICAN RIGHTS & BRITISH PRETENSIONS On the Seas At Book-stores and News-stands, One Dollar y 5 AMERICAN RIGHTS & BRITISH PRETENSIONS on the SEAS 2 ?±^ The Facts and the Documents, Official and Other, Bearing upon the Present Attitude of Great Britain toward the Commerce of the United States Compiled, with introductory memoranda, by WILLIAM BAYARD HALE New York Robert M. McBride & Company 191 3^ Copyright, 19 15, by William Bayard Hale CONTENTS I The First Encroachments II The Summit of Arrogance III Ships and Cargoes Stopped at Sea IV The Case of Cotton V Indirect Interference with Trade VI Interference with Communication VII Our Larger Interests VIII List of Ships Detained IX Quotations Pertinent to the Issue X Official Documents XI Diplomatic Correspondence The Government of Great Britain has virtually set up in the midst of the busy seas an arbitrary court, claiming unheard-of powers and exercising the most tyrannous police functions; seiz- ing and haling into the dock as suspects all travelers upon the ocean highways, and visiting many of them with heavy penalties for unproven, and indeed unprovable, offenses. This lawless assizes of the seas, contemptuous alike of its own precedents and of the rights of others, scarcely stoops to the pretense of citing authority for its actions, which are determined solely by its brutal will, and enforced, though indeed largely through intimidation, by the gigantic power of its naval police. The extent of the earth's surface over which this extraordinary court is permitted to wield its self-arrogated jurisdiction, the magnitude of the in- terests which its actions vitally affect, and the supineness with which sovereign States submit to the erection, upon the ruins of their self-respect and the debacle of their highest commercial and political interests, of an island's municipal statutes into inter- national formulas, unite to render this one of the spectacles of history.
  • Hanse Traders and Victual Brothers in Skjernesund and Other Outports of Southernmost Norway in the Early Fifteenth Century

    Hanse Traders and Victual Brothers in Skjernesund and Other Outports of Southernmost Norway in the Early Fifteenth Century

    Pirates and merchants – Hanse traders and Victual Brothers in Skjernesund and other outports of southernmost Norway in the early fifteenth century FRANS-ARNE H. STYLEGAR, PÅL NYMOEN AND GUNNAR EIKLI Stylegar, F.-A. H., Nymoen, P., Eikli, G. 2019. Pirates and merchants – Hanse traders and Victual Brothers in Skjernesund and other outports of southernmost Norway in the early fifteenth century. AmS-Skrifter 27, 245–257, Stavanger, ISSN 0800-0816, ISBN 978-82-7760-183-0. Friend or foe? Trader or pirate? Commercial shipping along the archipelago of southern Norway in the early fifteenth century could be a risky business. Hanseatic skippers must have had detailed knowledge of sailing routes and good harbours along the route past Lindesnes towards Bergen. Among a chain of good natural harbours, Skjernesund near Mandal formed a hub, a protected inner route consisting of several good harbour areas sheltered from the exposed Skagerrak north of Skjernøya. An overview of dated shipwrecks along the coast of southern Norway is presented and their context discussed in relation to why they wrecked. It is striking that the majority of wrecks have been found in port areas. The most common interpretation of these wrecks individually is that there are natural explanations for these as losses at sea. By comparing the written sources and historical events from the main period of these shipwrecks, it is probable that in many cases the cause was piracy. Frans-Arne H. Stylegar, Multiconsult Norge, Rigedalen 15, N-4626 KRISTIANSAND, NORWAY E-mail: [email protected]
  • In the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Texas Sherman Division

    In the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Texas Sherman Division

    Case 20-42492 Doc 27 Filed 12/23/20 Entered 12/23/20 18:47:22 Desc Main Document Page 1 of 585 IN THE UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS SHERMAN DIVISION In re: § Chapter 11 § SPHERATURE INVESTMENTS LLC, § Case No. 20-42492 et al.,1 § § Debtors. § Joint Administration Requested CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, Julian A. Del Toro, depose and say that I am employed by Stretto, the claims, noticing, and solicitation agent for the Debtors in the above-captioned cases. On December 23, 2020, at my direction and under my supervision, employees of Stretto caused the following documents to be served via overnight mail on the service list attached hereto as Exhibit A, via first-class mail on the service list attached hereto as Exhibit B, and via electronic mail on the service list attached hereto as Exhibit C: Order Granting Request for Emergency Consideration of Certain “First-Day Matters” (Docket No. 22) Notice of Commencement of Chapter 11 Cases and Emergency Hearing of Certain First-Day Matters (Docket No. 23) Dated: December 23, 2020 /s/Julian A. Del Toro Julian A.Del Toro STRETTO 410 Exchange, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92602 Telephone: 855-366-3672 Email: [email protected] _______________________________________ 1 The “Debtors” in the above-captioned jointly administered chapter 11 bankruptcy cases (“Cases”) are: Spherature Investments LLC (“Spherature”) EIN#5471; Rovia, LLC (“Rovia”) EIN#7705; WorldVentures Marketing Holdings, LLC (“WV Marketing Holdings”) EIN#3846; WorldVentures Marketplace, LLC (“WV Marketplace”) EIN#6264; WorldVentures Marketing, LLC (“WV Marketing”) EIN#3255; WorldVentures Services, LLC (“WV Services”) EIN#2220.
  • Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories

    Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories

    Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories 3 9077 03100119 4 NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories ONTARIO CO TJNTY B USINESS DIRECT OB Y. CANANDAIGUA I A2STD MACHINE WORKS, CULTIVATORS, MILL GEARING, STEAM ENGINES, i AND MACHINERY ofALL KINDS. GENERAL REPAIRING DONE Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories ONTARIO COUNTY BUSINESS DIMECTOBY. MAEV STREET, CASTANDAIGUA, IV. Y. F. O. CHAMBJERLAIN, Proprietor. THIS HOUSE IS CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THJS BUSINESS PART OF THE TOWN, About Two Minutes Walk from Depot. FREE OMNIBUS To and from all important Trains and Steamboats, The House is new and is famished with all the MODERN CONVENIENCES, And Charges Reasonable. Leave this House twice each day for Reed's Corners, Rushville, and Naples. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories GAZETTEER ONTARIO COUNTY, N.Y., 1867-8. COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY HAMILTON CHILD. Hang Up this Book for Future Eeference. SYEAOUSB, AT THE JOUBNAL OFFICE, 83 & 24 E. WASHINGTON STREET. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Miscellaneous Directories AmTrnrKti ONTARIO CO UNTY S U8INMS8 BISECT OS T. THE PUBLISHED BY c&> JOURNAL BUILDING, 24 E. WASHINGTON ST. TERMS, STRSCTLY EN ADVANCE. ]DJLIZ,Y JOTTItNAIr-$8.00 per year ; $4.00 for six months ; $3.00 for three months ; .75 cts. per month and SO cts. per week. 'EEKLY <r0UMNAZ—$4.00 per year ; $3.00 for six months. JOURNAL—$2.00 per year ; $1.00 for six months; BO, cts. for three montlis.
  • Conmmonwealth of Australia ASIC Gazette A34A/05 Dated 1

    Conmmonwealth of Australia ASIC Gazette A34A/05 Dated 1

    Commonwealth of Australia Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. ASIC 34A/05, Thursday, 1 September 2005 Published by ASIC ASIC Gazette Contents Banking Act Unclaimed Money as at 31 December 2004 Specific disclaimer for Special Gazette relating to Banking Unclaimed Monies The information in this Gazette is provided by Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions to ASIC pursuant to the Banking Act (Commonwealth) 1959. The information is published by ASIC as supplied by the relevant Authorised Deposit- taking Institution and ASIC does not add to the information. ASIC does not verify or accept responsibility in respect of the accuracy, currency or completeness of the information, and, if there are any queries or enquiries, these should be made direct to the Authorised Deposit-taking Institution. RIGHTS OF REVIEW Persons affected by certain decisions made by ASIC under the Corporations Act and the other legislation administered by ASIC may have rights of review. ASIC has published Practice Note 57 [PN57] Notification of rights of review and Information Sheet [INFO 1100] ASIC decisions – your rights to assist you to determine whether you have a right of review. You can obtain a copy of these documents from the ASIC Digest, the ASIC website at www.asic.gov.au or from the Administrative Law Co-ordinator in the ASIC office with which you have been dealing. ISSN 1445-6060 (Online version) Available from www.asic.gov.au ISSN 1445-6079 (CD-ROM version) Email [email protected] © Commonwealth of Australia, 2005 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all rights are reserved.
  • Literaturverzeichnis

    Literaturverzeichnis

    Literaturverzeichnis IJNA:Abubakar2008 [Abubakar 2008] Abubakar, Babagana: The Perception of Archaeology in Africa: Opportunities and Potential. In: IJNA 37 (2008), Nr. 2, S. 387–388 IJNA:Adams1985 [Adams 1985] Adams, J.: Sea Venture: A second interim report – part 1. In: IJNA 14 (1985), Nr. 4, S. 275–299 IJNA:Adams1990 [Adams 1990] Adams, J.: The Oskarshamn cog. Part II: excavation, underwater recording and salvage. In: IJNA 19 (1990), Nr. 3, S. 207–219 IJNA:Adams2002 [Adams u. Ronnby 2002] Adams, J. ; Ronnby, J.: Kuggmaren 1: the first cog find in the Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. In: IJNA 31 (2002), Nr. 2, S. 172–181 IJNA:Adams2004 [Adams u. Black 2004] Adams, Jonathan ; Black, Jennifer: From Rescue to Research: Medieval Ship Finds in St Peter Port, Guernsey. In: IJNA 33 (2004), Nr. 2, S. 230–252 IJNA:Adnams1974 [Adnams 1974] Adnams, John R.: The Dartmouth, a British frigate wrecked off Mull, 1690. In: IJNA 3 (1974), Nr. 2, S. 269–274 IJNA:Ahlstrom1978 [Ahlstrom 1978] Ahlstrom, Christian: Documentary research on the Baltic. Three case studies. In: IJNA 7 (1978), Nr. 1, S. 59–70 IJNA:Aked1989 [Aked 1989] Aked, S.R.: Comment on review of The Royal Navy’s First Invincible 1744-1758 (IJNA 18:82-83). In: IJNA 18 (1989), Nr. 3, S. 267–268 IJNA:Albright1979 [Albright u. Steffy 1979] Albright, Alan B. ; Steffy, J. R.: The Brown Ferry vessel, South Carolina. Preliminary report. In: IJNA 8 (1979), Nr. 2, S. 121–142 IJNA:Alford1992 [Alford 1992] Alford, M.B.: Origins of Carolina Split-Dugout Canoes. In: IJNA 21 (1992), Nr.
  • Kongemaktens Tilstedeværelse I – Og Betydning for – De Norske Byene I Perioden 1397-1502

    Kongemaktens Tilstedeværelse I – Og Betydning for – De Norske Byene I Perioden 1397-1502

    Kongemaktens tilstedeværelse i – og betydning for – de norske byene i perioden 1397-1502 Av Petter Halvorsen Masteroppgave i historie Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie (IAKH) Universitetet i Oslo, høsten 2010 FORORD Å fullføre masterstudiet på normert tid med to små barn og jobb har vært en utfordring. Den største takken skal min veileder Erik Opsahl ha. Uten ham hadde ikke dette vært mulig. Hans imponerende kunnskaper om temaet – og ikke minst den eksisterende litteraturen – har kommet meg til nytte. Nesten all litteratur brukt i oppgaven er etter tips fra Erik. Hans tilbakemeldinger har alltid vært særdeles grundige. Her aksepteres ikke slurv og unøyaktigheter. På den måten har arbeidet kunnet gå fremover. Takk også til lille Julia og lille Edvard og moren deres, Nina, for all oppmuntring og at de har latt meg holde på med et prosjekt som både har vært tidkrevende og økonomisk ugunstig. Fattern og bruttern skal ha takk for hjelp i forbindelse med trykking, lay out og korrektur, mens muttern takkes for årelang oppfølging! 1 INNHOLD Kapittel 1: Innledning 4 1.1 Historiografisk utgangspunkt: Nedgang og en fraværende konge 4 1.2 Problemstilling og avgrensinger 8 1.3 Kilder og litteratur 9 1.4 Metode 11 Kapittel 2: Bakgrunn: Kongemaktens tilstedeværelse i – og betydning for – byene i Norge ca. 997-1397 12 2.1 Byenes tilblivelse ca. 997-1130: Kongemakten sentral 12 2.2 Kongemakten og byene fram til 1319 15 2.3 Kongemaktens tilstedeværelse i de norske byene i overgangen mellom høy- og senmiddelalderen (ca. 1319-1397) 20 2.4