USAID MIKAJY QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT

FY 2020 QUARTER 3 – APRIL TO JUNE 2020

scape Madagascar scape

Baobab Alley, Menabe Land Menabe Alley, Baobab Picard Catherine Credit:

Submission Date: July 30, 2020

Contract Number: 72068718C00002 Contract Period: May 7, 2018, to May 6, 2023 Contracting Officer’s Representative: Tiana Razafimahatratra

Submitted by: Fanja Randrenalijaona, Acting Chief of Party, USAID Mikajy, Tetra Tech Phone: (+261) 34 19 615 44 Email: [email protected] Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 1/83 This document was produced for review and approval by the United States Agency for International Development/Madagascar (USAID/Madagascar).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 3 1. ACTIVITY OVERVIEW ...... 6 1.1 Activity Details ...... 6 1.2 Executive Summary ...... 6 2. MAMABAY IMPLEMENTATION ...... 10 2.1 Strategic Approach 1: Work with communities, nongovernmental organizations, CSOs, and government to improve protected area and natural resource management10 2.2 Strategic Approach 2: Support community-based, conservation-friendly enterprises and livelihoods ...... 18 2.3 Strategic Approach 3: Synergize with other development programs delivering services to target communities...... 22 2.4 Strategic Approach 4: Operationalize community-based land and resource tenure policy in landscapes/seascapes ...... 23 2.5 Strategic Approach 5: Strengthen the capacity of key stakeholders to advocate for and engage in improved community-based land and natural resource management ...... 25 3. MENABE IMPLEMENTATION ...... 27 3.1 Strategic Approach 1: Work with key stakeholders to improve protected area and natural resource management ...... 27 3.2 Strategic Approach 2: Support community-based, conservation-friendly enterprises and livelihoods ...... 35 3.3 Strategic Approach 3: Synergize with other development programs delivering services to target communities ...... 43 3.4 Strategic Approach 4: Operationalize community-based land and resource tenure policy in landscapes/seascapes ...... 44 3.5 Strategic Approach 5: Strengthen stakeholders’ capacity in targeted landscapes to advocate for and engage in improved community-based land and natural resource management ...... 46 4. CROSSCUTTING ...... 48 4.1 Gender and Youth ...... 48 4.2 Technology ...... 48 4.3 Global Climate Change ...... 49 5. COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING ...... 51 5.1 Collaboration with USAID Hay Tao ...... 51 5.2 Collaboration with other USAID Activities ...... 51

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 1/83 5.3 Collaboration with Government and Other Donors ...... 52 5.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) ...... 52 6. ADMINISTRATION ...... 54 6.1 Human Resources ...... 54 6.2 Procurement ...... 54 6.3 Administration and Finance...... 54 6.4 Staff and Consultant International Travel ...... 55 6.5 Key Communication Activities ...... 55 7. ANNEXES ...... 56 Annex I. Q3 Indicator Performance Tracking Table ...... 56 Annex II. Success Stories ...... 60 Annex III: Grants Under Contract ...... 60 Annex IV. Environmental and Climate Risk Management Compliance ...... 62 Annex V. USAID Mikajy Organizational Chart (updated July 2020) ...... 82

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 2/83 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFAFI Nord Programme d’Appui au Financement de l’Agriculture et aux Filières Inclusives dans le Nord (de Madagascar) APCLFA Aire Protégée Complexe Lac et Forêt d’Ambondrobe/Protected Area Lakes and Forests Complex (Ambondrobe) APGL Locally Managed Marine Protected Areas APMA Aire Protegee Menabe Antimen (Protected Area Menabe Antimena) AVG Alliance Voahary Gasy BNGRC Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resources Management CDGRC District Risk and Disaster Management Committee CF Conservation Farming CLP Comité Local de Patrouilles COBA Communauté de Base (equivalent of VOI) COGE Community Management Committees COP Chief of Party COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 CRL Local Recognition Commission CSO Civil Society Organization DGM Direction Générale de la Météorologie DRAEP Regional Directorate of Agriculture, Farming, and Fisheries DREDD Regional Directorate for Environment and Sustainable Development ES Ecosystem Services FIVE Instrumental Force to Value Together FOSA Fo Sarotiny amin ‘ ny Ala FY Fiscal Year GPPM Groupement des Pêcheurs Professionnels de Menabe GPS Global Positioning System Ha Hectare IOM International Organization for Migration KMCC Kew Madagascar Conservation Center

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 3/83 KMMFA Komity Miaro sy Miady amin’ny Famonoana Afo (local committee that fight fires and patrol) LEAP Learning, Evaluation and Analysis Project LMMA Locally Managed Marine Area M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MaMaBay Ma kira-Ma soala - Bay of Antongil MATP Ministere de l’Amenagement du Territoire et des Travaux Publics MEDD Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development MEL Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MGA Malagasy Ariary MNP Madagascar National Parks MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSIS Multi-Sector Information Service MSME Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises NCBA-CLUSA National Cooperative Business Association Cooperative League of the USA NGO Nongovernmental Organization NP National Park NRM Natural Resource Management OCAT Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool OIM Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations OPJ Officiers de Police Judiciaire (Judicial Police Officer) ORTANALA Regional Tourist Office of Analanjirofo P&R Pause and Reflect PA Protected Area PACP-BA Plan ’Development Concerte Fisheries (Development Plan for the Fisheries of Antongil Bay) PAG Plan ’Development and Management PAP Plan ’Development of Fisheries PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PGS Participatory Guarantee System PLOF Local Plan d’Occupation Foncière (local land use plans)

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 4/83 RA Rainforest Alliance REAP Responding to Threats to Peace and Social Cohesion Linked to Uncontrolled Migration Program SA Strategic Approach SBCC Social and Behavior Change Communication SAC Scheme ’Development Communaux (Municipal Development Schemes) SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool TGRN Natural Resource Management Transfer ToR Terms of Reference USAID United States Agency for International Development USFS United States Forest Service VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer System VOI Vondron ’Olona Ifotony (or COBA see above) VSLA Village Savings and Loans Association WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WWF World Wide Fund for Nature ZOC Zone Occupation Controlee (controlled occupation zones)

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 5/83 1. ACTIVITY OVERVIEW 1.1 Activity Details

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mikajy is a five-year activity in Madagascar to advance biodiversity conservation in forest and coastal ecosystems, strengthen natural resource management and land tenure security among vulnerable populations, and promote sustainable economic growth in rural communities. USAID Mikajy fosters sustainable and inclusive economic growth by linking biodiversity conservation and improved natural resource management with sustainable livelihood development. Madagascar is a hotspot of global biodiversity with a high proportion of endemic plant and animal species. Despite the expansion of Madagascar’s protected area (PA) system and a robust legal framework for environmental protection, the country’s biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss; unsustainable harvesting of fisheries, timber, and wildlife; and the breakdown of both traditional and government resource governance. In the last decade, political instability and stagnant economic growth have exacerbated these threats. Table 1: Activity Details

Activity Name USAID Mikajy Activity

Activity Start/End Date May 7, 2018 – May 6, 2023

Name of Prime Implementing Partner Tetra Tech

Contract/Agreement Number 72068718C00002

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), National Cooperative Name of Subcontractors/Sub- Business Association Cooperative League of the USA (NCBA- awardees: CLUSA), Viamo, Multi-Sector Information Service (MSIS)

Geographic Coverage Makira-Masoala-Bay of Antongil (MaMaBay) and Menabe (Governorates/Districts)

Reporting Period April l – June 30, 2020

1.2 Executive Summary

The quarter was marked by the spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) throughout Madagascar, beginning with the declaration of a health emergency by the government on March 21, 2020 followed by the spread of the virus throughout many cities and towns across the island. Movements within and between major cities were restricted, resulting in some planned activities being postponed. All domestic and international air travel for example was suspended throughout the quarter resulting in many large workshops, trainings and face-to-face meetings, consultancies, and travel (especially by air) to be postponed to the next quarter or next year. Despite these constraints, some field-based activities located in more remote areas (such as patrols and reforestation efforts) were able to continue. In terms of project administration, three staff resigned in Quarter 3 (Q3), including the Director of Administration and Finance, the Senior Grants Manager and the Grants Manager. A heavy emphasis was

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 6/83 placed on recruiting replacements for these positions resulting in the new Grants Manager being hired on June 15, 2020, a new MEL Assistant on June 15 and the new Director of Administration and Financial on July 1, 2020. Tetra Tech also identified a replacement Chief of Party (COP) candidate and submitted a Request for Approval to USAID on June 15, 2020 for this Key Personnel position. The main achievements of the quarter are summarized below by Strategic Approach (SA): SA1. Work with key stakeholders to improve protected area and natural resource management • In the MaMaBay landscape, 101 participatory patrol missions were conducted throughout Makira Park by 341 persons. These missions detected a total 835 offenses, 67 of which were prosecuted. The types of observed offenses included cutting and clearing of forest, illegal encampments, charcoal production, planting of crops, poaching, mining, fires, and modification of infrastructure. In Masoala Park, a total of 55 patrol missions were completed this quarter with 134 infractions observed, and two prosecuted. One explanation for the low rate of prosecutions (as compared to high number of infractions observed) is that while infractions are observed, there is often no perpetrator identified. Without a perpetrator being credibly identified, no arrests or prosecutions can be made. One suggested solution is for the law to be amended to allow for verbalizations and investigations to occur even when the perpetrator is unknown. • 232 hectares (ha) were improved through active restoration this quarter in Ambohitralalana, Antalaha District in Masoala National Park, and the Lokaitra and Vohitaly forest bridges in Makira National Park. • A total of 15 Natural Resource Management Transfer (TGRN) contracts were evaluated by the Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (DREDD) with the support of USAID Mikajy this quarter. • Support to Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) in both landscapes was scaled up this quarter including awareness-raising, training, signing of MoUs and planning for LMMAs to establish and engage in commercial activities. • Ecological monitoring was conducted in three marine parks in Antongil Bay focusing on coral bleaching, seagrass, mangroves and seabirds. Monitoring data reveals a marked improvement in the ecological status of the sites visited as compared to the previous year. • In Menabe, patrols, firefighting and restoration activities were conducted through grants to Fanamby, Durrell, Voahary and Kew Madagascar Conservation Center (KMCC). Despite this support, fires in the Menabe Antimena protected area started earlier than usual and were more frequent than in the past. – Fanamby focused on firefighting training for communities and putting in place firebreaks in the Menabe Antimena protected area. – Durrell continued to support community patrols in Menabe Antimena and Ambondrobe protected areas and started the process of creating three Vondron ‘Olona Ifotony (VOI) to manage Natural Resource Management Transfers (TGRN) in the peripheral area of Ambondrobe. Durrell also supported joint patrols with Officiers de Police Judiciaire (OPJ), and the Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (DREDD) Menabe – Voahary worked on preparing for the active restoration of 100 hectares of dry forests. – Kew Madagascar and the youth association, Fo Sarotiny amin ‘ ny Ala (FOSA), worked with eight communities in the Menabe Antimena establishing a nursery, collecting forest seeds to support restoration efforts, and initiating agroforestry efforts with more than 230 households.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 7/83 SA2. Support community-based, conservation-friendly enterprises and livelihoods • With respect to Strategic Approach 2, three major events marked the quarter in Menabe: (i) the first harvest of sustainably-produced maize and peanuts based on support provided by Mikajy to provide seeds and inputs; (ii) organization of four collection and sale points for maize and peanut producers from Lambokely, Kirindy, and Marofandilia; and (iii) training to promote alternative sources of income and food for communities, in particular, market gardening and breeding of local chickens. This first harvest of corn and peanuts was a pilot phase. Next steps to ensure scaling and sustainability may include partnering producers with private sector actors such as regional distributors and exporters. Private sector actors will provide inputs to farmers directly at the start of the growing season, the cost of which will be deducted when the producer sells the crop back to the private sector investor. A second option is for Mikajy to approach financial institutions such as banks and micro-saving schemes to provide seasonal credits to farmers, with Mikajy acting as the guarantor of the loan. A third and final option is financial support from the FDA (Agricultural Development Fund) with the backing of DRAEP and DREED to provide technical oversight and developing partnerships with eco-friendly private operators. • Three new cooperatives were created in the MaMaBay landscape, for a total of five functional and well-prepared cooperatives for the 2020 vanilla harvest season. • 1,656 vanilla producers were audited remotely by Rainforest Alliance (RA) and BIO following training and support by USAID Mikajy for cooperatives on compliance with certification and traceability standards. An on-site audit is planned within six months, provided that the COVID-19 travel restrictions are lifted. In close collaboration with CIRAEP (Circonscription Regionale de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage, et de la Peche), USAID Mikajy supported stakeholders to develop alternative livelihood activities such as market gardening, fish farming, poultry farming and nurseries. Stakeholders in MaMaBay included VSLA members and the members of the 4 cooperatives MirarySoa Voloina, Mahavelona Mahalevona, Kajivola Ambinanitelo and Liampivoarana Ankofabe. For Menabe, stakeholders included farmers located in Lambokely and Marofandilia, Kirindy, Ambararata - Belo sur mer. and Marofihitse. • In MaMaBay, two new Communauté de Base (COBA) cooperatives were created in Antakotako and Morafeno. A third cooperative in Anandrivola was also revitalized to promote alternative sources of income for fishermen. • Two Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) were signed with private sector entities to promote moringa and honey value chains. SA3. Synergize with other development programs delivering services to target communities • A MoU was signed during the quarter with Mahefa Miaraka. This partnership aims to improve the well-being and resilience of conservation communities through better access to community health services provided by USAID’s Mahefa Miaraka Project (health insurance, reproductive health and mother and child health, nutrition, hygiene, etc.). The formalization of this partnership will facilitate the consolidation and dissemination of good practices for an integrated health and environment approach through the Health Population Environment (SPE) network. • Another MoU was also drafted USAID Mikajy this quarter with the District Risk and Disaster Management Committee of Maroantsetra. The collaboration aims to strengthen the resilience of local communities, conservation of natural resources and livelihoods. • Finally, a third MoU was prepared between USAID Mikajy and the World Bank-funded Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes (BNGRC) and Medair to coordinate field activities

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 8/83 in communes where both projects work (Morondava, Analaiva, Bemanonga, Marofandilia, and Befasy). The collaboration will help reduce risks and impacts from weather uncertainty in disaster- prone areas through community capacity building, planning and early action response. SA4, SA5. Operationalize community-based land and resource tenure policy in landscapes/seascapes and strengthen the capacity in targeted landscapes to advocate for and engage in improved community-based land and natural resource management. • Activities under these two SAs experienced the most impact from the COVID-19 pandemic given that many planned activities involved larger groups and regional travel. • USAID Mikajy supported the community validation of the Dina Be in Antongil Bay with the goal of ensuring its certification in all 15 communes in Antongil Bay. • Training courses were held for COBAs and civil society organizations (CSOs) on reporting environmental crimes. This included the use of SMART software as well as the specific procedures to be followed to report environmental crimes including how to collect additional credible data and evidence and the official denunciation process. • A consultation workshop took place for the integration of land governance and natural resource management in Municipal Development Schemes (SACs) and other territorial planning documents in three districts (Maroantsetra, Andapa and Antalaha). • USAID Mikajy provided support to establish a Land Tenure Office (Guichet Foncier) in the Voloina Rural Municipality, worked with local authorities in Maroantsetra District to confirm legal land titles and procured equipment for the Land Tenure Office. • In Menabe, USAID Mikajy extended its intervention areas to Manja District. This included the launch of the SAC development process for 4 municipalities around Kirindy Mitea. • Unlike MaMaBay, Menabe has not yet trained COBAs and CSOs on the technique of reporting environmental crimes. Currently the number of infractions that are prosecuted remains very low. This is part due to the fact that the verbalizations and prosecutions shared with Mikajy are only those collected by the joint patrols between Durrell and DREDD Menabe. Other verbalizations are reported to DREDD Menabe directly, but data regarding prosecutions from these verbalizations are not currently shared by the DREDD with Mikajy. However, with the support of USAID Hay Tao, several training sessions took place this quarter for region, district, and municipal authorities on legal proceedings for environmental cases. In Menabe USAID Mikajy also began a training series for CSOs to play a role in territorial defense of natural heritage. • Activities requiring the participation of government staff and/or external consultants have been largely postponed to the next quarter or next year. This includes the following: – Updating conventions or protocols for the use of controlled occupation zones in Masoala Park PAs; – Regional business roundtable meetings in support of conservation-focused value chains; – Activities linked to REDD+; – Develop a mechanism for sustainable financing of conservation; and – Collaboration with Tozzi Green in Voloina, Maroantsetra on a payment for ecosystem services activity.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 9/83 2. MAMABAY IMPLEMENTATION 2.1 Strategic Approach 1: Work with communities, nongovernmental organizations, CSOs, and government to improve protected area and natural resource management

Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management Evaluation of Natural Resource Management Transfer Contracts The process of devolving authority over natural resources from the state to local communities is referred to as a Natural Resource Management Transfer – or TGRN – in Madagascar. These are essentially contracts between the Government, represented by the Regional Directorate for Environment, Ecology and Forests (DREDD), the communal authority and the community. Currently, 20 TGRNs have been established on the periphery of Masoala park, however the contracts have expired, which hinders communities’ ability to implement and enforce their management plans. Park managers are supposed to support the renewal of TGRN contracts but do not always have the capacity or resources to do so. This quarter, USAID Mikajy supported the DREDD in the evaluation of 10 expired contracts, a mandatory step before the renewal of any TGRN contract. The evaluation identified several areas for improvement, such building the capacity of local conservation associations (COBAs), improved implementation of customary management traditions (dina) and improved forest management techniques in TGRN zones. In Q4, USAID Mikajy will provide additional training and capacity building to address these gaps and will continue to support the renewal of the 10 contracts in FY21. USAID Mikajy also launched the recruitment of a consultant this quarter to support the establishment of three new TGRNs on the periphery of Makira park. The activity is expected to commence in Q4, assuming COVID-19 travel restrictions allow the consultant to travel to the region Locally Managed Marine Areas Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) are designed to empower local fishing communities to sustainably manage their marine and coastal resources. Eight new LMMAs are currently waiting to be officially recognized by the authorities (delayed to due to COVID-19), and once approved they will be added to the existing network of 35 LMMAs thus completing the “blue belt of Antongil Bay.” This quarter six LMMAs in the districts of Maroantsetra and North Mananara benefited from awareness- raising on fisheries management and training on the establishment, delimitation, authority and management of LMMAs. The sessions included best practices in governance, as well as the functions and powers to be transferred to village associations and fishermen. The awareness raising phase was followed by the election of LMMA members for three sites in Maroantsetra District, and the renewal of members for three sites in North Mananara District. In addition, USAID Mikajy conducted awareness-raising about the Antongil Bay Fishery Management Plan in six sites. The information shared related to the preservation of the environment, sustainable exploitation of fishery resources and more equitable distribution of wealth created by fisheries. The sessions drew 41 participants (all men) from Mananara North District, and 49 people (42 men and 7 women) from Maroantsetra District.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 10/83 Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors Coordination Mechanisms A coordination meeting was held between USAID Mikajy, Madagascar National Parks (MNP), WCS, and other stakeholders this quarter to discuss the progress of planned activities in MaMaBay to orient USAID Mikajy’s interventions within the PA management objectives. Terrestrial Ecological Monitoring In Q3 a participatory terrestrial ecological monitoring protocol was developed by WCS to serve as a guide and reference for standard data collection in the MaMaBay landscape. Participatory ecological monitoring was then conducted to monitor the state of biodiversity in the protected areas and surrounding community conservation zones. The data collected will be used to adapt conservation activities and analyze improvements in biophysical conditions. Participatory ecological monitoring committees have also been established within each management transfer site around Makira and Masoala Parks. Training on resource use monitoring and data collection was carried out to strengthen the capacity of COBAs who will be conducting the monitoring. Planning for ecological monitoring missions for the dense humid forests also began in Q3, including the purchase of equipment for scientific data collection and the recruitment of five research assistants who will carry out the monitoring missions. Marine Ecological Monitoring In April 2020, marine ecological monitoring was conducted in three Masoala marine parks (Tanjona, Masoala, and Tampolo) over a total area of 11,000 hectares. The data collected was compared to the results from previous years to understand trends in fishery resources and marine biodiversity. Results from the monitoring missions are summarized below:

• Reef monitoring: The bleaching rate has reduced steadily over the last 15 years. There was a drastic Mohamed Razafindrajary – Credit: Mikajy reduction in the observed whitening rate between 2005 LEM SMART Specialist MaMaBay and 2019, and whitening was reduced even further from 3% in 2019 to 1% in 2020. Of the bleaching observed in the 2020 monitoring missions, the corals in the outer reefs were most affected. Further research is needed to determine the adaptation capacity of different coral species to climate change. Overall, the monitoring results show improvements to reef health in Masoala due in part to the increase of marine patrols (which in turn help to deter illegal activities) supported by USAID Mikajy. • Seagrass: In 2019, a significant decrease in seagrass coverage was observed as compared to previous years (for example in Masoala and Marofototra; see Figure 1). However, the 2020 monitoring results for Masoala and Marofototra indicate an increase in seagrass coverage as compared to the previous year. Seagrass provides important habitat for reef fish, therefore improving the health of seagrass beds will presumably increase fish populations. The increase in marine patrols in 2019 and 2020 has also reduced the illegal harvesting of seagrass, although seagrass habitats are also affected by many parameters, such as intensity of light, temperature of sea water and wave action. This illustrates the need to increase patrols and awareness-raising efforts to support the continued recovery of seagrass.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 11/83

Figure 1: Seagrass Recovery from 2017 to 2020

Seagrass Recovery 90 76.4 80 72.31 68.54 68.33 69 70 63 57.78 57.33 60 51.44 48.24 50 40 30 20 10 0 Tanjona Masoala Marofototra

2017 2018 2019 2020

• Seabirds: Monitoring of seabirds took place over two weeks in three marine sites to observe 10 bird species (six endemic and four migratory). Crested terns (Thalasseus) were the most commonly observed species. Results also indicate that of the three sites, Andomboka was the most diverse, as compared with Ambodilaitry and Marofototra. All three sites constitute an important refuge for marine and aquatic birds on the Masoala peninsula. Small islands, mangroves and coastal forests in these three marine plots are critical for the survival of these bird populations, while the mangroves and small islands provide food and serve as nesting sites. The tides coupled with the sandy and muddy bottom lagoons also attract many endemic and migratory species. Data collected from the monitoring activities indicates the importance of protecting these three marine sites, especially Nosy Bekaka, Nosy Behentona and Nosy Nepato, which were observed to be critical habitats for seabirds. • Mangroves: The only mangrove forest in Masoala Park is found in the coastal area of Andomoka, which is under increasing pressure due to the harvesting of trees for firewood and construction material. Andomoka’s mangroves are also a marine conservation target for Masoala National Park, and a monitoring protocol has been in place since 2018 at two sites. Monitoring by USAID Mikajy this quarter at the two sites revealed that Rhizophora mucronate is the most common mangrove species while Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba are also present in zones bordering the sea. Analysis of the monitoring results showed growth in all three species. USAID Mikajy will continue monitoring in order to track the state of health of the Andomboka mangroves over time. Active and Passive Restoration Active and passive restoration in Lokaitra and Vohitaly, Makira NP Restoration activities continued in two forest bridges (Lokaitra and Vohitaly) of Makira NP this quarter to ensure connectivity and genetic exchange between the two areas. A total of 101 ha of degraded humid forest (savoka in Malagasy) was restored, including 36 hectares with 17,813 seedlings in Lokaitra, and 65 hectares with 32,783 seedlings in Vohitaly. As of the end of the quarter, the total completed restoration area of the two sites is 132 ha (31 hectares in Q2, and 101 hectares in Q3). The restoration activity was conducted with participation from the surrounding communities and will be subject to monthly participatory patrols by USAID Mikajy and MNP to check the site to ensure that

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 12/83 there is no illegal human movement through the restored forest bridge or cattle grazing in the restoration site. Mortality rate monitoring will also continue by MNP and an awareness-raising campaign will be conducted with the neighboring populations to reduce fires and operationalize a fire committee. Restoration of degraded habitats in Masoala NP The coastal forests of Masoala NP are the only coastal forests in the northeast part of Madagascar, and have suffered greatly from uncontrolled fires, particularly Andranoanala in recent years. Therefore, the restoration of this fragile habitat is one of the priorities of park management. With the assistance of USAID Mikajy, MNP plans to restore a total of 200 ha devastated by fires in Andranoanala this year. In May, USAID Mikajy supported the first phase by restoring an area of 100 ha with 50,000 native species seedlings transported from local nurseries. This first phase saw the participation of 400 individuals from the neighboring villages of the park. Flyers were distributed during the restoration to inform and educate the local population on the importance of restoration and the need to protect and maintain the restored areas. Once completed, the restoration will result broader ecological connectivity and biophysical improvement across an estimated total area of 1,300 hectares. Community Patrols Community patrols in Antongil Bay and Makira NP Monitoring of Makira Park and the surrounding TGRN sites aims to deter illegal activities through the presence of patrols, as well as to raise awareness among surrounding communities of the importance of conserving protected areas and biodiversity. Patrols also monitor activities within the park to detect violations, identify pressures and document impacts. 101 participatory patrol missions were conducted throughout Makira Park this quarter by 341 persons. A total of 835 infractions were observed during the patrols, the details of which are provided below. Known perpetrators are reported to the court. after which a joint patrol mission is organized with the OPJs to verify the infraction and, if possible, arrest the offenders. Table 2: Infractions Observed in Makira during the Third Quarter

Types of Offense Number of Observed Infractions Poaching 61 Illegal camps 113 Charcoal production 1 Circulation in the PA 221 Illegal logging (primarily 155 rosewood) Clearing 72 Mining 59 Fire 5 Modification of infrastructures 10 Planting (primarily rice and 138 some vanilla) Total 835

Community Patrols in TGRNs A total of 75 community patrol missions including 410 patrollers were conducted this quarter in management transfer sites. This includes 13 sites in the District of Mandritsara, 28 in the District of

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 13/83 Maroantsetra, 8 in the District of Befandriana North, 10 in the District of Andapa and 16 in the District of Antalaha. These missions led to the detection of 993 infractions in these management transfer areas, with illegal land clearing and logging being the most frequent. A total of 238 infractions were associated with known offenders and were reported to the local Community Management Committees (COGE) for application of the Dina. A summary of the infractions observed are provided in the table below. Table 3: Summary of Infractions in TGRNs

Types of Offense Number of Offenses Observed

Poaching 56 Illegal camps 94 Charcoal production 2 Illegal presence in the protected area 13 Illegal logging 265 Land clearing 329 Mining 14 Fire 64 Planting 82 Non-Timber Forest Products 74 Total 993

Illegal land clearing and logging are the most frequent infractions observed and are usually committed by members of existing local communities. To address these threats, in FY21 Mikajy will intensify the capacity of COBAs to make denunciations and improve monitoring at the community level. This will be complemented by reinforcing the trainings provided to COBAs this year (FY20) and sensitization around the roles, responsibilities and authority of local communities to monitor, manage and defend their natural resources. Antongil Bay - LMMA USAID Mikajy provided equipment and training in Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) data collection to LMMAs in the Bay of Antogil this quarter to collect marine patrol data. It should be noted that the actual patrol missions are funded by the Pêche Côtière Durable (PCD) which finances community level patrols. but the data collected is sent to the SMART MaMaBay database and contributes to the analysis of infractions in the MaMaBay Landscape. During the quarter, eight communes of the Maroantsetra district were patrolled, the results of which are summarized below: Table 4: Summary of Infractions from Maroantsetra District Type of Offense Number of Offenses Observed Illegal collection of marine species 18 Illegal fishing in exclusionary zones 17 Pollution 2 Total 37

Community patrols in Masoala NP As part of its MoU with MNP, USAID Mikajy supports Masoala National Park to conduct monthly participatory patrols which include park agents and members of the Local Park Committee. Given current COVID-19 pandemic, it is more important than ever to continue patrolling as offenders can

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 14/83 take advantage of the state of emergency to exploit the park’s resources. This quarter, 55 joint land and marine patrols covered 1,871 kilometers in and around Masoala park. The patrollers observed a total of 134 offenses, of which only two were prosecuted (note: participatory patrols are responsible for observing and reporting offenses to the court. Any follow-up actions – including investigations and arrests – are made by judicial police officers (OPJs). Below is a summary of the participatory patrols results using data collected through the SMART system: Table 5: Summary of Infractions Found in and around Masoala Park

Types of Offenses Number of Offenses Observed Poaching 20 Camp 7 Traffic in the PA 21 Illegal cutting 66 Land clearing 3 Mining 2 Planting 8 Non-timber forest products harvested 5 Illegal Fishing 2 Total 134

The joint patrol in the Ambohitralanana sector took place from 9 to 20 June 2020. The patrols reported observing clearing, fires, and encampments in Sahafosa, and the offenders were identified from nearby villages and a summons issued. Other infractions noted included lemur hunting, forest clearing and burning, logging and cultivation in the park. Two people were identified however they were not apprehended as they fled from their homes and camps in the park. The patrol officers also organized sensitization meetings in the two nearby villages of Tanananambo of Tanandavahely. Infractions observed in the Ambohitralanana and Mahavelona sectors were reported to the forestry administration of Maroantsetra and Antalaha, and follow-up joint patrols will be organized for the investigation of these offenses. Joint patrols with OPJs, Park Agents, and COBAs Joint patrols in Makira National Park Joint patrols in Makira park contribute to strengthening awareness and verifying infractions inside the protected area. In Q3, four joint patrols were carried out in four sectors of Makira (Sector 2 of Maroantsetra District, Sector 4 of North Befandriana District, Sector 5 of Andapa District and Sector 6 of Antalaha District). The joint patrols were intended as deterrents following observations of infractions by Park Agents and patrol committees. At the conclusion of these joint patrols: eight persons were arrested from North Befandriana and brought before the Mandritsara court for clearing 10 hectares for rice cultivation. At the end of their trial they were each imprisoned for one year with a fine. An additional four offenders from the Saharany forest in Andapa District were arrested for having entered the Park without authorization, cutting rosewood and illegally cultivating vanilla. An additional two offenders from Ambodivohitra in Antalaha District were arrested for growing cloves, rice and grazing cattle. The offenders from Andapa District and Antalaha were transferred to the Antalaha court. After their trial, the four offenders from Andapa were sentenced to three months imprisonment, while the two offenders from Antalaha were released after having written a letter of commitment to leave the Park.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 15/83 Key Result 1.3: Information for decision-making is available and better used for Natural Resource Management (NRM) Landscape/ Seascape Change Monitoring Unit USAID Mikajy, USAID Hay Tao and the Geocenter held brainstorming meetings with conservation and PA managers to define a system for monitoring landscape changes. A concept note for this monitoring system was drafted and will be aligned with the Cost and Benefits Analysis and the Natural Capital Valuation (NCV) to be completed by USAID Hay Tao. The concept note will help demonstrate how one could assess the evolution of forest cover and the analysis of criteria for improving the biophysical condition of natural resources. The NCV is a separate study by Hay Tao on the value of natural capital. We expect these two studies will together provide advice and practical recommendations on how to measure biophysical conditions, and how to improve our interventions in order to be able to improve biophysical conditions. Additionally, Mikajy has reached out to Hay Tao/WRI to provide forest cover analyses data in FY21. Link Landscape/ Seascape Information to National Data Portals Sharing patrol data with DREDD The roll out of the SMART system in MaMaBay aims to support managers in the planning of patrols, monitoring of infractions in the Park, and establishing a database to analyze trends. During Q3 progress continued to operationalize the MaMaBay SMART system, including ensuring regular updating of the database and enabling reports to be sent to DREDD and other authorities. These reports include the offenses recorded monthly, the perpetrators (if known), their village of origin and the geographic coordinates of the offenses. These reports are sent monthly to inform planning for joint patrols and facilitate information sharing between park managers and DREDD. The graphs below provide a comparison of the different infractions observed prior to the onset of COVID-19 in Madagascar (January to March 2020) and afterwards (April-June 2020). The increase in observed infractions during COVID (e.g. between April and June) can be attributed - in part - to the increased numbers of patrols conduced as shown in the table below. Location/Patroller Number of Patrols Number of Patrols (January - March 2020) (April - June 2020) Makira/COBA 31 111

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 16/83

Location/Patroller Number of Patrols (January - Number of Patrols (April - June March 2020) 2020) Masoala/MNP 101 103

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Janv-Mars 2020 Avril-Juin 2020

Mobile platform

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 17/83 USAID Mikajy has set up a mobile platform, Allo Mikajy, for the management of natural resources, the objectives of which are behavior change and the reporting of infringements observed in the parks, in the COBA Regions or elsewhere. Allo Mikajy has adopted two mobile communication strategies: 1. Permanent awareness and information messages and an alert system with which local communities can report the violations observed 2. Push campaign with periodic messages based on chosen themes In Q3 USAID Mikajy continued to update the topics and messages to cover as many natural resource themes as possible. Five topics have been established under the strategic nature theme and messages are being developed: Allo Alla Mando, Allo ala Maiky, Allo Ala Honko, Allo Riaka, and Allo Vato Hara. The table below also shows the themes identified for the push campaign: Table 6: Themes Identified for the Push Campaign

Themes Targets Campaign Period Location Firefighting Polisin’ala, firefighting June – January (fire season Menabe committees, Committee e Menabe) Mamabaie Loca the Patrols (CLP), park August – January (fire season agents, Fokontany chief, MaMaBay, targeting rice community leaders primarily) Fishing calendar and LMMA, fishing groups, During the fishing, shrimp, Menabe regulations Polisindrano, Fokontany crab prohibition period Mamabaie chief, mayor World Environment Polisin’ala, firefighting May 20 – June 5 (2021) Menabe Day committees, CLP, park Mamabaie agents

2.2 Strategic Approach 2: Support community-based, conservation-friendly enterprises and livelihoods

Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas Sustainable Crab and Seaweed Value Chains USAID Mikajy has developed a partnership with Ocean Farmers to promote seaweed farming and provide alternative income opportunities for fishermen in MaMaBay, while reducing environmental degradation and overfishing. USAID Mikajy supported the training of six technicians this quarter on the technical aspects of seaweed farming. The training took place in Tulear at the operating site of Ocean Farmers from March 12 to April 4 for a total of 24 days. The technicians will eventually supervise seaweed farmers in MaMaBay once the project is launched (the launch was delayed due to COVID-19). A joint environmental and social feasibility study mission for the activity was also planned with Ocean Farmers and MNP for May 2020 but could not take place in person due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, a virtual meeting took place between Ocean Farmers, MNP and USAID Mikajy to discuss (i) the identification of potential sites in relation to the marine parks, (ii) procedures to monitor impacts of the site installation and (iii) other startup considerations. The overlap between the planned Ocean Farmers sites with the marine PAs will necessitate an environmental impact study. The social and environmental feasibility study and the recruitment of participating farmers is planned for October 2020. USAID Mikajy will also help to draft the terms of reference for the feasibility study and determine the process for the environmental impact study in accordance with Government of Madagascar regulations.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 18/83 Marine Value Chain Study Analysis of aquaculture value chains As part of the implementation of the Development Plan for the Fisheries of Antongil Bay (PACP-BA), which is funded in part by KFW, WCS has supported the creation and operationalization of 35 LMMAs, eight of which are currently being formalized with the support of USAID Mikajy. These LMMAs are distributed in three districts (Antalaha, Maroantsetra and Mananara) covering 10 out of 13 communes. To select the LMMAs, WCS first raised awareness and interested communities submitted an expression of interest request. Afterwards a mission was undertaken to evaluate the resources to be managed, and to assess the motivation of communities. Aquaculture value chains (including shrimps, crabs, squid, octopus, and sea cucumbers) have been potentially identified as promising economic opportunities for these LMMAs. Procurement of professional services to conduct a formal aquaculture value chain study was launched in April 2020, to be funded by KfW/MNP through the Sustainable Coastal Fisheries project. The study will focus on the technical, economic and financial feasibility of aquaculture development in Antongil Bay. It was agreed this quarter that USAID Mikajy’s contribution will be to support the development of a business plan for five priority marine value chains. The private sector partners will be identified in the aquaculture value chain study mentioned above. Following the call for expressions of interest, four firms were invited to present their technical and financial offers. The final selection will be completed early next quarter. Establishment of cooperative structures within LMMAs During a scoping mission in Mananara last quarter, USAID Mikajy noted a high concentration of fishermen’s associations structured within the LMMA (24 in total) as compared to Maroantsetra (12) and Antalaha (1). Like all associations, LMMAs are governed by Law No. 60-133 of October 3, 1960, which regulates non-profit associations. This non-profit status is however a barrier for LMMAs interested in developing for profit economic and commercial activities. For this reason, the establishment of structures more oriented towards economic development, such as cooperatives, was recommended. In partnership with fisheries authorities and the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFISH) Mananara project, USAID Mikajy carried out meetings (in focus group and individual interviews) this quarter with communities in Mananara to understand the opportunities and challenges for creating cooperatives in fishing communities. Meetings were held with seven fishermen organizations and other individuals in the fishery value chain. The information collected indicate there is an annual production capacity in Mananara of 10 tons of sea cucumbers, 7.5 tons of octopus, 3 tons of squid, and 1 ton of lobster. In the local market there are 10 fish wholesalers and one Chinese distributor who ensure the flow of products to Toamasina. Only the Chinese operator has the legal authorization to ensure the delivery of products to Toamasina, the others are local fishmongers. The marine reserve allows fishing once every three months. Fishermen work individually, and group sales are not yet common. However, buyers and distributors indicated they prefer working with cooperative associations to ensure the quality and quantity of products. The next step will be to reorganize these LMMAs into cooperatives and initiate business meetings between the cooperative and private sector operators.

Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains Traceability and Certification Due to COVID-19, the first audit for organic certification (known as BIO) took place remotely from June 22-26. The second RA certification audit will take place remotely after the harvest, around

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 19/83 September-October using videoconferencing and interviews with producers. An on-site audit is also planned in six months, provided that the COVID-19 restrictions currently in force are lifted. This quarter also saw a drop in the overall number of vanilla producers in the region. There are several explanations for this decline. First, producers are having difficulty in repaying advances due to the economic losses from successive flooding this year. Many cooperative members were forced to sell their property and change their place of residence after floods impacted the area (the Fizono cooperative was the most affected by the floods with an estimated 55 percent of members negatively impacted by the floods). Membership in the cooperatives also was also affected by the steep drop in vanilla prices, and the absence of advances convinced some to convert to other activities (including market gardening). Despite this, many producers continue to participate, and several new members have joined the vanilla cooperatives. Currently 106 new producers are on the waiting list for the next certification in 2021. Climate-Smart Agriculture This quarter, in partnership with WCS, USAID Mikajy supported two agroforestry demonstration plots for cocoa in Voloina. The targets of the demonstration plots are members of the COPROCAVOL cooperative – which is different than the vanilla cooperatives Mikey works with - but the extension of the activity will be open to all communities and other cooperatives, Plots were weeded and crops monitored from seed to plant. At the end of the training, the first few vegetables and tubers such as cassava were interspersed with fruit plants (such as banana trees), to create mixed cocoa plots. Finally, local trees are used to provide shade for the rest of the crop. This mixture will provide a continuous supply of natural fertilizer, as well as a progressive and continuous harvest for the producer. The next step will be to design a training tool for agroforestry vanilla and hold a facilitated training with lead farmers in order to popularize this conservation farming technique in MaMaBay.

Key Result 2.3: Improved Income for Target Communities New Conservation-Friendly Cooperatives The primary source of income for community-based conservation groups (COBAs) comes from fees to harvest wood and penalties for illegal harvesting. USAID Mikajy is supporting COBAs to better manage natural resources and diversify their income-generating activities. This quarter, members of COBAs were made aware of the opportunities available to create new structure within the COBA which will allow them to initiate alternative value chains, and market their products. With this new structure in place they will be able to generate more income, and apply a portion of the income generated towards conservation activities. In addition, two new COBA cooperatives were created this quarter: one in Antakotako with 111 members and another in Morafeno with 148 members. The former is called “Taratra” and includes four COBAs whose transfer areas border Makira Natural Reserve (in the North East) and Masoala National Park (in the North West). The cooperative in Morafeno known as “Miray” is also comprised of four COBAs and is located to the south east of Makira Natural Reserve. Both cooperatives elected members to the boards of directors and zonal coordination committees. The next step will be to formalize the organizations at the district level and to train the leadership on management and governance of cooperatives. Finally, a third LMMA cooperative called “Fiavotana” in Anandrivola was revitalized this quarter with support from USAID Mikajy, providing fishermen with other additional opportunities. Currently the cooperative has 100 members and is expected to increase.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 20/83 Support community-based ecotourism initiatives in MaMaBay A joint mission between USAID Mikajy, MNP and the regional tourist office of Analanjirofo (ORTANALA) was conducted at the end of May 2020 to study the potential of ecotourism in Ambatoledama, an area of significant biological importance. The site is also a natural bridge connecting Masoala and Makira Parks and is currently very vulnerable to pressures such as illegal logging and cultivation. Ambatoledama was the site of a 2015-2016 project by CARE International in collaboration with MNP on community ecotourism, which constructed six bungalows and a dining area. However, the buildings are now in disrepair due to mismanagement and lack of community engagement. The USAID Mikajy visit served to raise awareness with the community about the importance and potential of the site, and now 65% of villagers are supportive of re-launching the Ambatoledama site as a community endeavor. This activity will focus primarily on women as ecotourism managers. The objective is to leverage 5 percent of the visitors to Masoala National Park to travel the Ambatoledama circuit (including both international and national visitors travelling between Maroantsetra to Antalaha). These visitors bring in an average of 2,000,000 MGA per month for the site during the high season or during the vanilla harvest. Accordingly, ORTANALA and the local community have proposed to initiate a promotion for the circuit called “TREK Maroa-Antalaha” or “TREK Maroa-Cape East,” to revive ecotourism in the region. This will necessitate improvements to infrastructure and building community capacity for ecotourism management. The next steps are to identify members of women’s associations to be involved in the development of the site, restructure the associations in accordance with Government of Madagascar regulations and offer training (financial management, rural entrepreneurship). However, achieving the overarching vision for this site will be contingent on COVID-19 restrictions being lifted and tourists returning to Madagascar. Alternative Sources of Income and Food to Reduce Exploitation of Non-Renewable Forest Resources A scoping carried out by the USAID Mikajy team this quarter in MaMaBay identified four agricultural activities that would reduce unsustainable resource harvesting practices (e.g., overfishing, exploitation of the forest for fuel wood and charcoal), and provide opportunities for income-generation to help communities’ cope with the lean season while reducing their dependence on natural resources. The activities include:

• Market gardening for household food diversification and meeting local market demand. This will improve the supply and lower the cost of vegetables in USAID Mikajy’s intervention areas which currently depend largely on vegetables trucked in from the highlands of Madagascar. • Fish farming to promote sustainable economic development of marine resources and improve household nutrition through increased consumption of protein. • Nurseries to meet the obligations of the vanilla cooperatives in relation to the requirements of Rainforest Alliance certification. The promotion of a community nursery will increase the local availability of young plants for restoration and reforestation activities. • Poultry farming to serve as an additional source of income for communities living around Protected Areas and blends with existing agricultural activities. The development of poultry farming is also an alternative to the illegal hunting of lemurs for the consumption of meat.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 21/83 In addition, several “training of trainers” sessions were conducted this quarter on establishing plant nurseries and market gardening in partnership with DREDD and DRAEP (Direction Regionale de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de la Peche) technicians. During Q3, USAID Mikajy also carried out two major training sessions for ATMEs (Agents de Terrain en Moyen d’Existence) and Ramanandraibe Export staff on the development of village nurseries. Five out of six cooperatives have received training on nurseries and three of the six cooperatives have already set up their village nurseries.

Key Result 2.5: Sustainable Finance Mechanisms Established for NRM Sustainable Finance Opportunities USAID Mikajy plans to develop a sustainable conservation funding mechanism by using a portion of the profits from vanilla, clove, and fish sales to finance community patrol and monitoring activities. The implementation of this activity risks being postponed for the 2021 fiscal year for two major reasons:

• The fall in the price of vanilla will affect producers’ incomes and risk making them reluctant to contribute to the financing of conservation activities. • The involvement of LMMA groups in the financing of patrol and monitoring activities depends in part on the results of the economic and financial feasibility study and the development of a business plan for promising aquaculture sectors in Antongil Bay, scheduled for Q4. Payment for Ecosystem Services In partnership with USAID Hay Tao, USAID Mikajy has planned to develop a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) mechanism in the rural town of Voloina. This town is home to the Vodiriana hydroelectric power station, which is operated by the company Tozzi Green. A joint scoping mission was planned with USAID Hay Tao in April to make a preliminary assessment of the existing situation and establish a roadmap for the development of PES mechanism, but due to COVID-19 it could not take place. The activities undertaken were limited to a virtual exchange of information between stakeholders, in particular cartographic data available in order to be able to assess the evolution of the biophysical conditions of the watershed surrounding the Voloina hydroelectric power station (the data was unfortunately very limited). Furthermore, given the complexity of the relationship between JIRAMA and Tozzi Green, in particular the arrears that JIRAMA owes for the supply of electricity to the city of Maroantsetra, it remains quite complicated to develop a PSE mechanism in the current context. Nonetheless, Mikajy plans to support the involvement of cooperatives in conservation activities, in particular actions to restore the central Voloina watershed in order to restore trust between the parties and ultimately achieve the environmental commitments established by Tozzi Green. This action is planned for the first half of 2021. Planning for the approach and tools for continuing this activity will be addressed during the P&R and joint planning between USAID Mikajy and USAID Hay Tao in Q4. 2.3 Strategic Approach 3: Synergize with other development programs delivering services to target communities.

Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation. Synergy between USAID Mikajy and Other Programs As part of the partnership with USAID’s public health project Mahefa Miaraka, USAID Mikajy is expanding the number of cooperatives, COBAs, and LMMAs benefiting from the mutual health insurance

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 22/83 scheme. In the Miarary Soa Cooperative, 33 out of 101 members have benefited from support at the CSB (Centre de Sante de Base) level since February 2020. For the Liampivoarana Cooperative in the Rural Municipality of Ankofabe, out of the 34 members who participated in the subscription 23 members received care. During Q3, USAID Mikajy expanded this mutual health project to two additional cooperatives: the Kajivola Cooperative in Ambinanitelo and the Mahavelona Cooperative in the Mahalevona. Also, during the quarter, the vanilla exporter Ramanandraibe Export (RAMEX) contributed 1 million Ariary each to the Mirarisoa and Liampihovoarana cooperatives to make up for the gap in member contributions towards health insurance schemes. Facilitate Access of COBAs and LMMAs to the Community Health Service During FY 2020, work continued in the SAVA Region to introduce SA3 activities in Antalaha District, in particular the Eastern Cape Area. Management committees within COBAs in the municipality of Ambohitralana were sensitized regarding the establishment and benefits of mutual health insurance schemes. Establish a Partnership Mobilization Strategy A mission was conducted in Antalaha, Sambava and Andapa to meet potential partners from AFAFI North (Programme d’Appui au Financement de l’Agriculture et aux Filières Inclusives dans le Nord de Madagascar) and PADAP (Projet d’Agriculture Durable par une Approche Paysage). After the mission it was agreed to collaborate on implementing a landscape management plan for the TGRN areas in the Rural Communes of Antanandava and Ambodimanga in the SAVA area. Revitalizing and Reinforcing Natural Disaster Management Committees USAID Mikajy works with local natural disaster management committees to strengthen the resilience of communities in disaster-prone areas. Activities include capacity building and early action planning. The targets communities for this activity include: Antakotako, Voloina, Antsirabe Sahatany, Maroantsetra, Manambolo and Androndrona. This quarter focused on developing a partnership protocol with the district risk and disaster management committee (CDGRC). The next step will be signing the protocol and then implementing planned activities in Q4, such including CDGRC capacity building and facilitating the development of the local contingency plans.

2.4 Strategic Approach 4: Operationalize community-based land and resource tenure policy in landscapes/seascapes

Key Result 4.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on shared vision Strengthen the Role of Target Communities in Land and Resource Tenure Rights In order to secure communities’ tenure rights to land and resources, consultation workshops were held this quarter to advocate for and integrate land tenure security in Communal Development Schemes (SACs) and other territorial planning documents. For MaMaBay, three workshops were held in Andapa, Maroantsetra and Antalaha with a total of 75 participants (64 men and 11 women). Key outcomes from these workshops included identifying land and resource management plans, potential investments by private sector operators were clarified and a framework was drafted for the integration of land governance and natural resource management in the various territorial planning documents and procedures. As a next step, USAID Mikajy and Hay Tao will develop and /or update a

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 23/83 SAC preparation guide that takes into account land and natural resources governance concerns. The guide will be user-friendly including laying out clear steps, processes and required documentation necessary for the SAC and will be finalized in FY21

Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented Land and Resource Tenure Security During Q3, USAID Mikajy continued to focus on improving land tenure security in MaMaBay including by selecting, negotiating and drafting a subcontract with Geosystems to develop local land use plans (PLOFs) for two additional municipalities. Taking into account the previous success achieved during the development of the PLOF for the municipality of Voloina, USAID Mikajy extended this approach to the rural municipalities of Ambinanintelo (AP Makira) and Mahavelona (AP Masoala). By securing tenure rights USAID Mikajy aims to empower these target communities to invest in conserving the surrounding resources they depend upon, promote resilient livelihoods and improve the management of natural resources. Geosystems will support the establishment of land tenure offices and strengthen the capacity of local actors (including members of the municipality and members of the Local Recognition Commission (CRL). In the municipality of Voloina, socio-land surveys and the development of a PLOF have been completed to facilitate the land tenure security and reduce pressures on biodiversity in the Makira and Masoala protected areas. The establishment of a land office (or Guichet Foncier) is the next important step in clarifying and securing people’s rights to land and resources. This quarter, USAID Mikajy assisted the Voloina municipality to prepare a request to the Head of the Regional Service of Land and Land Ownership (SRDPF) for Fénérive Est to establish of a district land officer (Guichet Foncier). In addition, USAID Mikajy procured approximately $8,500 of equipment (including desktop computers, printers, power inverts, solar panel kits, hard drives, and Global Positioning System (GPS) units) to equip the Guichet Foncier. Support the Integration of Land and Marine Tenure Security through Dinas The official validation of the Dina Be of Antongil Bay is a means of endowing the fishing communities with the power and authority to protect and sustainably manage their marine natural resources. This quarter, USAID Mikajy supported preparatory meetings for validation of the Dina Be in 15 municipalities.1 These meetings made it possible to present to the Mayors and Communal Councilors the various processes already achieved for the certification of the Dina Be, and to plan general assemblies of the Municipal Councilors for the validation of the Dina. 35 people (including 34 men and 1 woman) participated in these preparatory meetings. Copies of the Dina Be were also sent to each of the Mayors and Municipal Councilors, as well as a memorandum explaining the steps already carried out. Planning for the municipal general assemblies was developed in consultation with the heads of the municipalities with the validation at the municipal level anticipated to be completed before the end of FY 2020.

1 Vinanivao (Antalaha District), Mahalevona, Ambanizana, Anjanazana, Anjahana, Andranofotsy, Maroantsetra, Ankofabe, Voloina, Rantabe, Anandrivola (District Maroantsetra), Manambolosy, Mananara, Imorona and Antanambe (Mananara North District).

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 24/83 2.5 Strategic Approach 5: Strengthen the capacity of key stakeholders to advocate for and engage in improved community-based land and natural resource management

Key Result 5.1: Key actors in community-based land tenure and NRM strengthened and empowered to advocate and enforce environmental laws Train Organizations on Land and Resource Rights, Advocacy, Coalition Building and Securing Land Rights/Resource Tenure USAID Mikajy provided a training of trainers to 26 persons in Voloina this quarter regarding land tenure rights, including three representatives from a VOI, two cooperatives members, two members of local women’s associations, four protected area agents of Makira Natural Park, eight Fokontany Chiefs, two Communal Managers, and four Land Administration Agents. The next step (which has been delayed in part due to COVID-19) is for the Fokontany chiefs to disseminate the training to community members in their jurisdictions, and to train additional park agents and technicians within COBAs.

Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened Training COBAs, Park Agents and LMMA Managers on Techniques for Reporting Environmental Offenses During Q3, four training sessions regarding the reporting of environmental crimes were organized in Ambinanitelo, Rantabe, Ampanavoana, and Ambodimanga I. The targets of these training courses were VOI, Locally Managed Marine Protected Areas (APGL)/LMMA and local authorities (Municipality and Fokontany). The trainings focused on understanding what the relevant laws and regulations are, as well as how to report infractions, what types of information are critical to collect and different methods for information collection. Participants already demonstrated general knowledge of the rules and regulations, therefore the trainings focused on teaching participants how to denounce environmental crimes including the roles and responsibilities of COBAs and LMMAs, how to describe different environmental crimes, what are the different steps to follow to make a denunciation and what are the techniques to submit denunciations (official letters). The trainings did not focus specifically on laws and regulations themselves, but rather how to apply these laws and regulations in reporting environmental crimes. Following these training sessions, one of USAID Mikajy’s target communities successfully reported several offenses observed in Sahafotra TGRN. A joint patrol is currently being prepared with MNP, the gendarmerie and the Cantonment of Maroantsetra to assess the situation and raise awareness among the local population. The following table summarizes the number and distribution of people trained by site. Table 7: Number and Distribution of People Trained by Site

Male under 30 Male over 30 Female under Female over 30 Location Total Years Years 30 Years Years Ambodimanga I 0 22 0 1 23 Ambinanitelo 1 19 1 1 22 Ampanavoana 0 21 0 2 23

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 25/83 Rantabe 3 18 2 3 26 Total 4 80 3 7 94

Next steps include disseminating the training to other members of the VOI and LMMAs, providing support to letters of denunciation by ensuring they reach the proper authorities and have sufficient detail, and continuing to support monitoring and enforcement in and around protected areas.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 26/83 3. MENABE IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 Strategic Approach 1: Work with key stakeholders to improve protected area and natural resource management

Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) The designated managers of the four protected areas in Menabe continue to implement the recommendations of the METT evaluation reports. For Menabe Antimena, shortcomings related to firefighting and other pressures were addressed this quarter through grants awarded to Fanamby and the strengthening of community patrols by Durrell. Efforts to restore areas destroyed by clearings and fires were also implemented through grants to Voahary and Kew Madagascar. Update of Protected Area Management and Business Plans and Evaluation and Update of Management Transfer Contracts The management plans for Menabe Antimena, Allées de Baobab and Le Complexe Lac Forêt Ambondrobe have all expired. As with the MaMaBay landscape, the start of the PA management plan update process depends on the availability of the update guide designed by USAID Hay Tao in collaboration with Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), which must be validated by stakeholders. The consultation process for this update continued this quarter, but validation of the plans were delayed by COVID-19 restrictions. The update and validation of the management plans are now planned for Q4. Evaluation and Update of Management Transfer Contracts around Menabe Updating of COBA Development and Management Plan in the Menabe Antimena PA The management contracts for five TGRNs in Menabe Antimena are all expired. Before the contracts can be updated, the five COBAs must first be evaluated. Below are the results of the evaluations conducted by the DREDD and MEDD this quarter, with support from USAID Mikajy. Table 8: Evaluation Results by DREDD and MEDD

Soavita Mamelomba Max Fasm Mahavelo Lovanay Themes Mamin’ny Ala hoaka Score (Beroboka) (Lambokely) (Kiboy) (Marofandilia) (Tsianaloky) Community life 20 13.5 12 14.5 14 Respect/use of RNR management tools Contract compliance 20 12 6.5 10.5 10.5 Compliance with 20 12 7.5 9.5 9.5 specifications Respect Plans for Management, Management, Annual Work, Operational Work Respect use area 20 12.5 12 13 12 Respect conservation 20 12 9 11 11 area Respect culture zone 20 13 9 11 11

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 27/83 Soavita Mamelomba Max Fasm Mahavelo Lovanay Themes Mamin’ny Ala hoaka Score (Beroboka) (Lambokely) (Kiboy) (Marofandilia) (Tsianaloky) Respect reforestation 20 11 5 7 9 zone Socio-economic impacts 20 11 11 14 14 10-year Average 20 contract in 12.13 9.00 11.31 11.38 progress

In the case of Soavita Mamin’ny Ala (Marofandiliha), the management contract is still valid for 10 years. However following discussions with the COBA leadership, it was determined that the organization needs a restructuring after the death of the President, and to better address problems encountered with resource degradation. The low score (9 out of 20) for the Lambokely COBA (Mahavelo) reflects the significant destruction of natural resources which were transferred to this VOI. It is anticipated the VOI will need to be entirely re-structured. Based on these evaluation results, consultations with each of the COBAs, the revision of the management plans, and the provision of on-site management tools are planned for Q4 (pending the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions). Implementation of three TGRNs in Ambondrobe To strengthen community involvement in the governance of the Complexe Lac et Foret d’Ambondrobe (APCLFA) protected area and the Ambondrobe Ramsar site, USAID Mikajy supported the process of creating management transfers to three COBA in peripheral areas of the APCLFA (the villages of Andimaky-Manambolo, Belobaka, and Aboalimena). During Q3 interventions focused on the first stage of the TGRN implementation process: information, awareness-raising, and consultation meetings in each village. Next, Durrell and the DREDD began structuring TGRN committees. A total of 248 members from the three villages participated in the three public consultation meetings and 180 members participated in association structuring meetings. The development of management tools and the design of management plans are the next steps for the creation of the three TGRNs. These activities are scheduled for Q4. LMMA Mangrove and Coastal Areas Management In the Menabe Landscape, several fishermen’s associations and COBA managers are already participating in the sustainable management of mangroves with the support of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Blue Venture and MNP. After consulting with these actors, USAID Mikajy will support the establishment of eight LMMAs in the southern and central areas of Menabe. For this quarter, activities focused on the development of an intervention strategy and a schedule of activities to strengthen the sustainable management, conservation, and restoration of mangroves in the eight threatened and degraded areas. A grant to GPPM (Groupement des Pêcheurs Professionnels de Menabe) was also drafted this quarter to support this process and will sent to USAID for approval in Q4. Additional mangrove restoration interventions planned for Menaky and Andranolava in collaboration with the United States Forest Service (USFS) were put on hold this quarter due to COVID-19. However, virtual exchanges are ongoing between USFS and USAID Mikajy to identify and duplicate the achievements of WWF in Menaky and Andranolava (WWF is the most advanced in mangrove restoration activities). Forest Fire Prevention and Firefighting

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 28/83 In the Menabe landscape, the fires caused by forest clearings are by far the greatest pressure on the surrounding protected areas. A minimum of 56 hectares of forest and 9 hectares of restoration area were burned this quarter according to reports from Fanamby and the Voahary association (both USAID Mikajy grantees). Currently, the DREDD Menabe and the 4 USAID Mikajy grantees (Fanamby, Voahary, Durrell and Kew Madagascar) are mobilizing to combine their efforts to coordinate the fight the fires. A new fire management plan is being developed by Fanamby and is still awaiting validation by DREDD Menabe. As we are at the beginning of the fire season, the new management plan must be pragmatic, operational, and adapted to the Menabe Antimena context. In addition, greater coordination between all the stakeholders is required, including broadening the task force to include other relevant ministries, the governor’s office, and the private sector. This quarter, Fanamby provided firefighting training to 1,348 community members in 25 villages within Menabe Antimena. To facilitate fire prevention and firefighting activities, 10 fire committees including 195 people were established in the ten villages around Menabe Antimena, including: Kiboy, Tsimafana, Lambokely, Tanandava, Beroboka Nord, Beroboka Sud, Belamoty, Kirindy Village, Ampataka, Marofandilia, and Ankoraobato. Facilitators have been equipped with smartphones to facilitate data monitoring at the local level, and training on SMART and MODIS use was also provided. Mikajy strengthen the awareness of residents within these 10 villages so that they adhere to the COBAs and commit to the protection of their remaining resources. Mikajy will also provide firefighting materials and equipment to each village to help ensure the prevention of fires (by creating fire breaks) and to actively fight fires. Additional activities implemented by Fanamby are provided on page 30. Support Development of Fisheries Management Plans (PAPs) in Menabe The process of developing the Menabe Fishery Management Plan (PAP) and implementing the PAP continued this quarter in collaboration with key stakeholders and partners. This process is overseen by the MAEP/DGPA DRAEP and MNP with the support of USAID Mikajy and a working group of several non-governmental organizations (WWF, Blue Ventures, the Mihari network), CSOs, USAID Hay Tao, and local stakeholders in the area. USAID Mikajy’s goal for FY 2020 is to advance the process of formalizing and publishing the PAP. After the launch of the PAP process in Q2 (which incudes 12 steps), this quarter USAID Mikajy completed the first two steps, but delays were experienced in convening all the necessary stakeholders due to COVID- 19. The 12 steps are as follows:: 1. Rationale and scope of the PAP (completed) 2. Definition of the participatory and consultation approach (completed) 3. Diagnostic fishery research = delayed because of COVID-19 and the inability of consultants to travel 4. Launch information workshop 5. Formalization and publication 6. Community technical workshops held by management unit 7. Cyclical consultation process 8. First detailed draft of the Implementation Plans (PMOS) by management unit 9. Social impact studies 10. Validation of the implementation plans

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 29/83 11. Publication of the PAP, communication and awareness raising campaign 12. Establishment of implementation governance structures and management tools Due to COVID-19, the process stopped at step 3. Resuming now. Nonetheless, stakeholder commitments were agreed upon, the methodology for the fishery assessment and economic viability study was developed with the PAP Menabe working group, and recruitment for a consultant to lead the assessment and development of the PAP framework documents was launched.

Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors Coordination Mechanisms for PAs in the Landscape With support from USAID Mikajy and under the direction of DREDD Menabe, four coordination meetings for conservation actors were held this quarter with Fanamby, MNP managers, WWF, Durrell, the International Organization for Migration, Instrumental Force to Value Together (FIVE), USAID Mikajy and the other CSOs and Technical Services. Coordination meetings discussed activities under implementation, results, and planning for next activities. Despite a reduction in meetings due to COVID- 19, several important issues were agreed upon, including: • Monitoring and enforcement of clearings is needed in the protected core of Menabe Antimena; clearings are increasing in part due to the decrease in patrol monitoring caused by COVID-19. • Measures need to be taken by all actors to mitigate the fire situation at Menabe Antimena, which began early this year. During the month of June, several fires occurred in the protected core of Menabe Antimena, the national reforestation areas and an area reforested by USAID Mikajy grantee Voahary. By the end of Q3 fires had further spread in Menabe Antimena, and the situation is expected to worsen over the next six months. A meeting is planned with all stakeholders to better coordinate interventions (under the direction of the DREDD) and identify joint strategic actions on firefighting. Key actions planned include: • Mobilization of 16 OPJs from DREDD Menabe to participate in awareness-raising actions and firefighting in Menabe Antimena, as well as mobilizing the structures created by Fanamby and coordinating their actions with other members of the task force (Durrell community patrollers / KMMFA). • Ensuring patrols and enforcement continue despite COVID-19. • Procurement of firefighting equipment through In Kind Grants • A proposal to develop a new firefighting strategy at the regional level, as fire rates were already very high at the start of the dry season compared to previous years. Active and Passive Restoration Ecological restoration of protected cores of the dry forest of Lambokely and North Beroboka with Association VOAHARY USAID Mikajy grantee Voahary, selected a passive restoration site covering 100 ha inside the protected cores of Lambokely and Beroboka Nord this quarter. Twelve members of the Lambokely community also benefitted from training on ecological monitoring and measurement of regeneration in the observation plots of the protected zones. After the training, the local restoration monitoring committees and Voahary technicians carried out regeneration inventories in six monitoring plots. Results (summarized below) indicate seedlings are regenerating naturally in the passive restoration areas.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 30/83 Table 9: Summarized Results of Natural Seedling Regeneration

Total Number Number of Number of % Pioneer % Indigenous Parcel N ° of Natural Indigenous Pioneer Species Species Species Regenerations Species* 1 225 208 92.31% 17 7.53% 2 554 488 88.06% 66 11.91% 3 616 572 92.16% 44 7.14% 4 606 498 82.28% 108 18.86% 5 458 418 91.25% 40 8.74% 6 473 473 95.72% 21 4.25% * includes Monogo, Farafatsy, Anakaraka and Arofy. In terms of active restoration, the quarter was marked by practical training on growing plants and the installation of nurseries at the three intervention sites: Ampihamy, Beroboka, and Lambokely. A total of 56 community members and nurserymen benefited from the training and have mastered the techniques necessary to produce robust young plants (there are currently 20,625 plants being grown in the nursery). Unfortunately, trainings had to be postponed in June due to COVID-19 but will resume as soon as it is safe to do so. Restoration of natural capital for conservation and livelihoods in the Menabe Antimena Protected Area by KMCC This quarter Kew Madagascar received authorization to collect seeds for restoration work in the Menabe Antimena protected area from the DREDD Menabe. This approval is valid for the eight communities which are currently working with Kew. A training on seed collection and monitoring was provided for 24 community agents (a mix of staff from Kew Madagascar and members from the youth association FOSA). Monitoring systems for nursery and agroforestry activities were also developed and distributed to the agents. In addition, purchases of restoration equipment began in Antananarivo (plastic pots, shade houses and one motorcycle) to be transported to Morondava when COVID-19 restrictions allow. Kew is also supporting local communities to transition to sustainable agroforestry and establish patches of ‘home forests’ consisting of local tree species enriched with edible yam species for climate resilience. The target is to engage 400 households in agroforestry, and at the end of Q3 Kew had successfully collaborated with 234 households, or 58.5% of the target. Kew also begun developing the Marofandilia tree nursery as a training center, demonstrating various techniques for tree propagation, agroforestry and yam cultivation. Households are very positive about the results to date and Kew is expected to meet their targets. Community Patrols With support from USAID Mikajy, Durrell conducted a total of 645 patrol days this quarter covering a total of 3,916 kilometers in the Ambondrobe and Menabe Antimena protected areas of Menabe. The table below shows the quarterly results of the patrols. In Ambondrobe, 135 days of patrols were conducted over 644 days, with 127 total infractions observed. Table 10: Infractions Observed in Ambondrobe

Total Ambondrobe April 2020 May 2020 June 2020

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 31/83 Number of patrol days 47 39 49 135 days Number of participants 105 people 37 34 34 Distance (km) 567.41 km 199.79 114.64 252.98 Number of infractions 127 infractions 49 31 47 observed observed Number of infractions 0 infractions 0 0 0 verbalized verbalized

In Menabe Antimena, 510 patrol days were completed by 88 patrollers. A total of 447 infractions were observed, but only four were verbalized. It should be noted that observed infractions that are committed by unknown persons are not verbalized, nor are minor infractions verbalized. Durrell and Fanamby are now revising the joint patrol plans to be reviewed and approved by the new DREDD in Menabe. Table 11: Infractions Observed in Menabe Antimena

Menabe Antimena April 2020 May 2020 June 2020 Total Number of patrol days 124 135 126 510 days Number of participants 77 86 88 88 people Distance traveled (km) 1,004.82 1,177.32 1,168.86 3,351 km Number of infractions 447 infractions 74 131 242 observed observed Number of infractions 4 infractions 4 0* 0* verbalized verbalized* * Fanamby and DREDD Menabe did verbalize more observed infractions to the OPJ, but the data were not available at the time of this report. The table below summarizes the type and frequency of infractions observed in these two protected areas. Table 12: Type and Frequency of Infractions Observed in Ambondrobe and Menabe Antimena

Type of Infraction Observed Ambondrobe Menabe Antimena Illegal logging 57 70 Clearing 3 50 Illegal planting 4 38 Incidents of fire 8 32 Illegal hunting 35 Camping 7 22 Illegal circulation 1 6 Charcoal production 0 1 Illegal fishing 0 1 Total 115 220

In Ambondrobe, illegal cutting and poaching were the dominant offenses. Follow-up measures taken included: the destruction of poaching traps, reporting of violations to Durrell, raising information and

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 32/83 awareness on the applicable laws on prohibition of animal hunting, and wood cutting in the three villages with the highest pressure. For Menabe Antimena, in addition to 70 cases of illegal logging recorded, 142 observations were linked to agricultural activities. This included 50 cases of clearing, 38 cases of illegal plantations, 32 cases of fire, and 22 cases of illegal camps. The increase in these activities can be attributed in part to the reduction of patrols by Durrell, Fanamby, and DREDD because of COVID-19. For the month of June, huge increases in fire incidents were also noted and became very difficult to control. Responses taken by the patrol officers were the sharing of information by Durrell on illegal cutting, destruction of traps and reporting of other offenses. If fires were found, the patrol officers informed the PA manager, CEFF, and Fanamby and all the partners were called to respond. As of this report, of all the infractions reported only four related to the corn value chain have been investigated and followed up om (see also SA5 section 5.2.3). Joint Patrols with OPJs, Park Sector Heads, COBAs and Other Authorities Joint patrol activities in Menabe Antimena Patrols by the Komity Miaro sy Miady amin’ny Famonoana Afo (KMMFAs; local conservation committees that fight fires and conduct patrols) in the Beranomaso area on March 31 observed two people clearing an area illegally. A joint patrol by DREDD and Durrell was subsequently organized to follow up and gather evidence in order to make a formal report. As a Installation of fire breaks in June 2020 – result of this mission, two people were arrested and Credit: Fanamby transferred to court. In total the joint patrol verbalized four offenses (three others in addition to the infraction identified by KMMFA). In the absence of tangible evidence, the persons related to the other three offenses observed were not arrested. Firefighting Sensitization, Preparation, and Implementation With support from USAID Mikajy, Fanamby has been leading firefighting awareness raising, training and firefighting. In addition to capacity building of target communities (see section Training COBAs on forest fire prevention and forest firefighting), several other activities were implemented by Fanamby including:

Information panel at the park boundary – Credit: Fanamby

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 33/83 • 11 awareness-raising signs installed in eight villages.2 • 15.2 kms of fire breaks installed (focusing on the protected area core and high-risk areas) with support from 229 people from eight villages. • Distribution of firefighting kits to 60 firefighters in 10 villages comprised of: t-shirt, belt, gloves, helmets with visor, shoes, jackets, rakes, 16-liter sprayers, and fire beaters. Two agents per village received kits. • In Q3, the number of fire alerts received from the MODIS system for Menabe Antimena was only two in April and thirteen in May. However, during the month of June, the Modis system, recorded 65 fire incidents distributed throughout the area, as compared to only 25 fire incidents in June 2019. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer System (VIIRS) identified 311 points in June 2020 compared to 84 points for June 2019.3 This amounts to a threefold increase in the number of fire increases for Menabe Antimena from June 2019 to June 2020. The incidents were concentrated at the axes of the national roads (Marofandilia, Kirindy, Berobok,a and Lambokely) and in eastern Menabe Antimena. Fires were also reported in the protected core and in restored areas supported by Voahary. According to Fanamby, 56 ha of forest (80% of the area reforested by the DREDD in January 2020) and 8 hectares of the reforestation area by Voahary was destroyed by fire.

Comparison of fire points between June 2019 and June 2020 – Credit: Fanamby Under the coordination of the Chief forest officer from Belo on Tsiribihina, Fanamby, Durrell, KMMFA, and the fire committees located in Lambokely and Tsimafana also continued to contribute to fire extinctions.

2 Kiboy, Tsianaloka, Lambokely, Tanandava, Belamoty, Marofandilia, Kirindy and Ankoraobato. 3 MODIS identifies only large fires, while VIIRS can identify small fires.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 34/83 Distribution of firefighting gear and equipment in June 2020 – Credit: Fanamby

In addition, joint interventions between DREDD Menabe, Fanamby, Durrell, Voahary, WWF, OIM/Responding to Threats to Peace and Social Cohesion Linked to Uncontrolled Migration (REAP), and OSC FIVE are raising awareness and strengthening community patrols to combat fires. A new fire- fighting strategy at Menabe Antimena is also being developed by Fanamby in collaboration with the Menabe Task Force to identify all the actors who support patrols and firefighting and better coordinate their interventions. The strategy will take into account the suggestions and recommendations of the task force and all subsequent fire prevention and control actions must be based on this plan. Once finalized, the strategy will be submitted to the DREDD for validation and it anticipated to be completed next quarter.

Fires burning in Lambokely (left) and mobilization to extinguish the fires (right) – Credit: Fanamby

3.2 Strategic Approach 2: Support community-based, conservation-friendly enterprises and livelihoods

Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas Sustainable Crab and Seaweed Value Chains USAID Mikajy coordinated this quarter with the Menabe fisheries administration to prepare the technical files necessary to request approval for seaweed farming operations in South Menabe. The technical documents are all in accordance with decree n° 3588/2013, relating to the allocation of operating permits for village seaweed fields. A total of 10 villages were the subject of the authorization request, including five villages in Blue Ventures intervention sites (Antsatsabo, Belanora, Menaky,

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 35/83 Antanimanimbo, and Belo sur Mer) and five villages in WWF areas (Manahy sur Mer, Ankoba sur Mer, Ambalahonko, Marohata, and Andranopasy). The requests are currently being processed by the SRPA (Service Régional de la Pêche et Aquaculture) in Menabe. Blue Ventures, and WWF are in the process of finalizing the documents, and USAID Mikajy is supporting Ocean Farmers in the application process. Going forward, technical and organizational support for seaweed farmers will be provided by WWF and Blue Ventures, while USAID Mikajy will contribute to administrative and environmental compliance requirements of seaweed farming in the southern part of the Menabe landscape. USAID Mikajy will also partner with Blue Ventures to support fishermen’s groups on prospecting and managing commercial partnerships with market operators on crab value chains. However, given recent measures to clean up the crab industry - including the requirement to pay 75% of the fee in advance - have resulted in the suspension of the issuance of collection permits and the crab season has been largely suspended (only local sales are occurring). USAID Mikajy plans to undertake a study on local market demand but given the context of COVID-19, this has been postponed until Q4. Likewise Mikajy and Blue Ventures were unable to collaborate on the implementation of the business plan for a sustainable crab collection system in Belo sur Mer. Assuming COVID-19 travel restrictions are lifted, USAID Mikajy will focus next quarter on supporting the improvement of fishing practices and sustainable crab fisheries in collaboration with Blue Ventures and proposed grantee GPPM. Peanut Value Chains Conservation farming promotes sustainable farming practices which increase production and resiliency while also reducing the incentives to engage in deforestation. This quarter, USAID Mikajy supported outreach to private operators, supported the sale of more than 92 tons of sustainably produced peanuts and supervised producer groups and cooperatives to manage group sales and operations. Interventions targeted four producer organizations located at three sites: Lambokely, Kirindy and Marofandilia. Several visits were also made to local collectors to identify buyers of Menabe’s peanuts and their purchasing strategies. It was observed that many local collectors deliver their product to a Chinese exporting operator, Kira, which exports products directly or sells them to other Chinese operators based in Toamasina, Fianarantsoa and Toliara. After the harvest, 92,773 tons of sustainably produced peanuts (worth $34,031) were purchased by two operators, including 20.5 tons purchased by the social enterprise Sahanala and 72.7 tons by a large collector from Morondava. This collective sale benefitted 21 members of the Fandrosoana producer association in Kirindy Village. In addition to private sector buyers JB and Sahanala, four other large collectors from Morondava (Andry, Rovasoa, Tsimanavaka, and Christian Bourgade) also expressed interested in engaging with sustainable peanut producer organizations. The four collectors are interested in working with the project, but price instability (especially in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic) has made progress difficult. A fall in prices in the Chinese market is also expected in the context of the pandemic. In addition, the quality of the peanuts from Menabe Antimena does not allow producers to optimize prices. Besides the local buyers, contact was also made with operators located in Antananarivo and Antsirabe. Given the travel restrictions linked to the pandemic, the finalization of any partnership with these operators is difficult. However, these contacts will help to prepare for the next farming season. With respect to next steps, Mikajy will use the results of the plot survey to be conducted by SIF / HAY TAO to identify potential new areas and farmers suitable for joining peanut conservation farming plots. In order to ensure the availability and legality of land for conservation farming, Mikajy will rely on the joint validation by the DREDD and DRAEP of the plots proposed in accordance with the APMA zoning (as we did last time).

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 36/83 Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains Traceability and Certification USAID Mikajy supported the process of drafting and implementing USAID Hay Tao’s study on agricultural product certification and labeling opportunities, which was finalized in May 2020. The main objective of the study is to propose a certification and labeling mechanism adapted to USAID Mikajy’s intervention areas. For the corn and peanut value chains, the main recommendations of the study were to promote local product certification using the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS). The PGS is a locally based quality assurance system to certify producers, in which the producers themselves actively participate in the process. PGS can provide a guarantee equivalent to that of Certification by a Third Party but with a focus on the transparency, the collective improvement of practices and the involvement of consumers. For USAID Mikajy, the promotion of this certification mechanism will include the following actions in FY21 agricultural season (November -April), to be carried out in concert with USAID Hay Tao and local stakeholders:

• Support the structuring of actors in the sector (especially farmers). • Support the governance of the PGS for the sector. • Support the definition of quality in a collective manner guided by international norms from the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and national regulations. • Collective branding and packaging. • Capacity building of farmers in the production of organic and sustainable products. • Promote PGS in Madagascar, drawing lessons from successes in other countries (for example the Association for the Maintenance of Peasant Agriculture in Benin). Climate-Smart Agriculture Last quarter, USAID Mikajy launched a conservation farming initiative for maize and peanuts at three sites in Menabe Antimena (Lambokely, Kirindy, and Marofandilia). USAID Mikajy is promoting conservation farming because it improves soil conditions, reduces erosion and water evaporation, and improves soil structure and fertility with localized fertilization. Conservation farming methods also increase production yields, thereby reducing the need to clear and burn forests to establish new farm plots. Eight lead farmers were selected to implement the activity using demonstration plots to promote the adoption of conservation agriculture. This quarter, trainings were provided to the lead farmers on conservation farming techniques including controlled use of inputs (fertilizers, improved seeds, natural prevention of pests) and minimum tillage. Monitoring tools were also been put in place to measure technical and economic data from the activity. Farmers also received material support such as agricultural tools (spade, ropes, decameter, etc.), tillage equipment (rippers), and approved agricultural inputs (seeds and fertilizers). During the quarter, data was collected from maize and peanut farmers who used three different production techniques: (1) traditional farming and (2) conservation farming with basins, and conservation farming with furrows (animal traction using rippers). Traditional farming techniques are characterized by plowing the entire field with oxen-pulled plows completely turning the soil; using dry cow dung as fertilizer, dispersed over the entire field and self-

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 37/83 selected seed from the previous harvest. The basin technique includes sowing beds within basins dug by hand with spades or hoes; and cow manure-based compost, NPK and urea fertilizer applied to each basin, improved seeds as well as mulching. The practice of creating furrows with an animal-drawn ripper involves the same techniques as the basin method, but instead of basins the farmers make trenches with a ripper pulled by an ox. The results for peanut farmers using conservation farming (CF) practices are very encouraging with an average yield increase of 44% as compared to the traditional method (57% for basins and 31% for furrows). The lead farmers are keen to continue using the techniques based on the success of the demonstration plots. Unfortunately, severe drought and pest attacks resulted in poor yields for maize farmers; maize data is therefore not included in the analysis below. Future demonstration plots of maize or peanuts will take into consideration and monitor the agro-ecological and climatic context so that planting seasons and the use of inputs can be timed appropriately. This includes the extent and distribution of precipitation, soil fertility and phytosanitary measures (particularly for maize). The graph below compares average peanut yields using the different techniques:

Figure 2: Average Peanut Yields by Technique

Peanut Yields - Conservation Farming Results

Furrows 1210

Basins 1460

Traditional 926

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Yields (KG/Ha)

Table 13: Peanut Yield Data

Crop Peanut

Traditional CF basins CF furrows Practice (Kg/Ha) (Kg/Ha) (Kg/Ha)

Plot size (Ha) 0.05 0.05 0.1

Lead Farmer Name Location

Mahavonjy Marofandilia 460 1,660 1,070

Zesia Marofandilia 1,760 1,720 2,020

Hyacinthe Lambokely 1,620 2,620 1,970

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 38/83 Crop Peanut

Falimana Lambokely 820 1,020 1,430

Tsihejy Lambokely 180 520 460

Mosa Lambokely 240 540 300

Mananjara Kirindy 1,400 2,140 1,220

Dada Kirindy - - 125

MAX 1,760 2,620 2,020

MEDIAN 820 1,660 1,220

AVERAGE 926 1,460 1,210

MINIMUM 180 520 300

Farmers also saw economic benefits from conservation farming. Digging the basins is a labor-intensive activity that costs about 40% more per hectare than farmers’ traditional practices. However, with the higher yields, the farmers made a 26% higher gross margin. That benefit is even higher (74%) for farmers who used CF-furrows as their labor expenses were lower (20%) compared to traditional methods. The table below shows the cost-benefit analysis of the lead farmers who invested in CF. Table 14: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Lead Farmers Who Invested in CF

Technique Return (MGA/Ha) Investment (MGA/Ha) Gross Margins (MGA/Ha)

CF furrows 1,563,000 794,000 769,000

CF basins 1,944,000 1,389,500 554,500

Traditional 1,434,000 992,500 441,500

Hyacinthe, a lead farmer from Lambokely, had this to say about his experience with conservation farming: “We have very limited prospects to expand our production area. I judged this as an opportunity to increase production on my fields but also to reconquer depleted fallow-land, thus no need to practice slash-and-burn in the forest. It was not easy to adopt the techniques…making the basins with spades under the scorching sun of Menabe was hard, and we had to learn how to use the ripper to make the furrows. But all that hard work is now paying me back at market time: my harvest of peanuts using the ripper is much better this year and I am excited to expand this method to my fields next year. We are convinced that conservation farming is a solution to increase our production without destroying further the Menabe-Antimena Protected Area and even to contribute to its conservation.” Like the other leader farmers, Hyacinthe obtained climatic information provided the Direction Générale de la Météorologie (DGM), which was translated by USAID Mikajy and DRAEP Menabe. He was able to use this information to adapt his agricultural calendar and shared this information with other nearby farmers. Additionally, Hyacinthe recruited two women from his village to pilot the techniques this season. They also reported increased yields similar to the lead farmers. Although lead farmers saw the positive impacts of using CF methods for peanuts, the maize crop did not fare well due to severe

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 39/83 drought and pests. Based on the learning from this pilot conservation farming activity, several challenges will need to be addressed for improving and expanding conservation farming in the next crop cycle: • FY 2020 has experienced increased pest attacks including the fall army worm and locusts which destroyed entire areas of maize crops and understanding of natural prevention of pests in protected areas is limited. Wandering cattle and goats also eat the maize which cannot grow back. For these reasons, maize is therefore not an ideal crop for conservation farming in this region. • The cost of labor is very high (for example, sowing peanuts requires 92 people for 12 hours for a surface of 2.4 ha). This impacts the cost of production and could hinder adoption rates. • Rainfall data collected by the Lead Farmers shows there is an insufficient distribution of precipitation in the area (less than 170 mm), and this will need to be taken into account if the plots are scaled up. The USAID Mikajy team plans to implement the following to continue supporting farmers: • Motivate lead farmers through recognition with certificates and special recognition for the top farmers including radio interviews, which will also promote conservation farming. • Shift the cropping calendar to profit from the little rainfall and avoid pest propagation (climate adaptation). • Continue to ensure farmers obtain and share climatic information provided by DGM and translated by USAID Mikajy and DRAEP Menabe, which they use to plan their agricultural calendar. • Partner with other programs and initiatives to support conservation communities in accessing financing opportunities for much needed assets such as well drilling and powered tillers.

VSLAs To date, twelve Village and Saving and Loan Association (VSLA) groups have been established in Menabe with the support of USAID Mikajy. These groups have a total of 232 members and are divided into Menabe Antimena (Kirindy, Lambokely and Marofandilia) and South Menabe (Ambararata and Menaky). The VSLAs encourage women to invest a portion of their profits from market gardening and other alternative value chains (such as chicken farming) into savings accounts. This quarter, USAID Mikajy provided four training modules to VSLA members on topics such as: (i) organization, leadership, and elections; (ii) regulations and rules for the purchase of shares and credit activities; and (iii) internal governance procedures and regulations. USAID Mikajy also equipped the groups with notebooks, pens, and calculators. The committees are now ready to assume their respective roles and ten groups have already started their first savings. With respect to resilience, the formation of VSLAs enables farmers and their households to save money and access credit which in turn enables them to purchase basic

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 40/83 commodities during the lean season, and reinforces long term resilience against economic, weather, climate, health or other shocks.

Key Result 2.3: Improved Income for Target Communities Conservation-Friendly Enterprises for COBAs USAID Mikajy supports the promotion of three value chains in the Menabe landscape, namely honey, moringa oleifera and baobab fruit. For the moringa value chain, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed with Moringa Waves, a social enterprise that promotes the production, distribution and use of moringa and its derivatives. Although a planned scoping mission for activity planning was not possible due to COVID-19, a virtual meeting was organized between USAID Mikajy, Menabe DREDD, Moringa Wave, and Kew during which it was agreed to hold a training of trainers on seed collection for planting. Menabe DREDD and Kew will also contribute the use of their nursery for the propagation of young moringa plants. For the honey sector, USAID Mikajy signed an MoU with The Bee Keeper for the development of dry forest honey in Menabe. The Bee Keeper is a private company whose mission is the sustainable raising of honey bees and the sale of bee products in Madagascar for export. The company operates with experienced beekeepers and mobilizes mobile collection equipment to sites to ensure the quality of the honey. USAID Mikajy also plans to award a grant to INSIGHT to promote honey production in Menabe (they currently have a grant to support honey production in MaMaBay). Promoting collaboration between The Bee Keeper and INSIGHT (which together cover the upstream and downstream aspects of the honey value chain) will be a focus in Q4. For the baobab fruit value chain, the objective is to support the processing of baobab fruit, which is an important food and income resource. This includes restoration natural baobab habitats, processing of baobab fruit and developing partnerships with processing companies including potentially the NGO Madagascar Voakajy, which has unique experience with this value chain. USAID Mikajy plans to integrate this activity as part of the preservation of the dry forest ecosystem around Kirindy Mite biosphere reserve. The terms of reference for this project were finalized this quarter and will be launched in Q4. Support Community-Based Ecotourism Initiatives in Menabe MNP signaled its interest this quarter to collaborate with USAID Mikajy on the development of ecotourism in the Fokontany of Ambararata, Belo Sur Mer. There is an opportunity to improve on existing solar guest houses which were previously built with support from MNP. Women from the surrounding communities have also received training and material support from MNP on the initiative, and a committee comprising 200 households has been set up. MNP has requested the support of USAID Mikajy for: • Culinary training • Craft training for women • Financial management capacity building • Training the local parks committee on tour guiding To better understand the situation, USAID Mikajy carried out an on-site mission to meet with representatives of the COBA, existing producer organizations and local authorities. A meeting with MNP was also planned but was not possible due to the World Environment Day activities in Morondava. During the visit, the community indicated that beyond building the guest houses and awareness-raising

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 41/83 there have not been any tangible actions to promote ecotourism at the site. The development of the road map for the promotion of ecotourism in Ambararata will be further discussed during Q4. Alternative Livelihoods to Reduce Exploitation of Non-Renewable Forest Resources In the arid Menabe landscape, agricultural activities are highly dependent on water resources, especially the availability of rainfall. Agriculture mainly focuses on the cultivation of maize and peanuts, between December and April. During the long lean period, which lasts almost eight months a year, many farmers turn to the exploitation of natural resources including illegal logging and land clearing. USAID Mikajy plans to support the development of alternative livelihoods that provide income and food opportunities for communities, and which promote resilience to climate change and contribute to the conservation of natural resources. Three types of alternative activities have been identified for Menabe, namely: • Market gardening for household food diversification and meeting local market demand. 87 women gathered in seven associations received technical support and agricultural tools from USAID Mikajy this quarter. Vegetable planting activities (cabbage, tomatoes, and onions) are underway to improve household income and nutrition. During Q3, the training on market gardening also targeted 26 members of a group of women located in Ambararata, Belo Sur Mer. • Poultry farming as an alternative to the illegal hunting of lemurs for the consumption of meat at local level. Technical training on chicken farming was held in Lambokely and attended by 30 farmers. The farmers were trained on preparing chicken coops, feeding, reproductive management, and knowledge of common diseases and parasites. • Improved fish processing methods and the use of improved artisanal processing equipment such as locally made smokers and drying racks considerably reduces the use of forest wood. In the two villages of Kirindy and Lambokely, the activities above targeted migrants who had settled permanently; temporary migrants often leave after a growing season and as such it was determined to

Market gardening in the Lambokely site – Credit: NCBA-CLUSA focus on creating alternative livelihoods for more long term residences to ensure sustainability. A request for USAID approval for a waiver for purchasing agricultural inputs has been submitted prior to procuring the materials necessary for the start up of activities listed above.

Key Result 2.4: Communities and Private Sector Adopt and Implement Conservation-Friendly Practices

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 42/83 Develop a Positive Reward Program for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) to Promote Conservation Practices In order to encourage social and behavior change, USAID Mikajy has initiated a competition for the best farmer using conservation farming methods. USAID Mikajy evaluated the performance of eight lead farmers in collaboration with DRAEP, DREDD and protected area managers. A key lesson learned was the need to better prepare the lead farmers for the tasks required, and to ensure the involvement of the DRAEP team (Regional Directorate of Agriculture) for the monitoring and evaluation of Lead Farmers. Based on the results of the evaluation the best lead farmer will receive a certificate and the opportunity to participate in an exchange visit to increase their knowledge. Regional Business Roundtable Meetings in Support of Conservation Value Chains Given the restriction on group gatherings due to COVID-19, USAID Mikajy postponed the business roundtable meetings planned for this quarter to next year. 3.3 Strategic Approach 3: Synergize with other development programs delivering services to target communities

Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation. Synergy between USAID Mikajy and Other Programs A memorandum of understanding was signed this quarter to formalize the partnership between USAID Mikajy and USAID Mahefa Miaraka. In addition to promoting community health insurance in MaMaBay, the partnership aims to promote community access to extended service packages for the integrated health and environment approach in Menabe, including:

• Promotion of a gender and youth approach on reproductive health education and actions related to the gender-based violence (GBV) program for cooperatives, producer groups and other USAID Mikajy stakeholders. • Strengthening access to mother and child health services at the community-level for stakeholders involved in conservation actions. • Dissemination of resilient and sustainable agricultural practices among health partners of the Mahefa Miaraka project. • Dissemination of tools related to community management of natural resources (i.e., practical manual of reforestation/restoration activities) among Mahefa Miaraka partner communities. • Sharing of information and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) data useful for the two projects • The compiling and dissemination of good practices to promote an integrated approach at the landscape and national scale. Joint planning of awareness-raising and capacity-building activities between the two projects is planned for next quarter. Access to Information on Climate Change USAID Mikajy periodically receives weather and climate information from the Direction Générale de la Météorologie (DGM). This quarter, two products were distributed by Mikajy and DGM in Menabe:

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 43/83 • Monthly agro-meteorological bulletin n° 08/05/20 for the months of March and April 2020; and • Monthly agro-meteorological bulletin n° 04/06/20 for the month of May 2020. These bulletins provided information on rainfall, temperature, humidity, and precipitation forecasts. However, it must be noted that translating this information into languages easily understood by the target communities still remains a challenge. To this end, USAID Mikajy plans to use the Mobile Platform Mikajy to disseminate climate and meteorological information products that meet the expectations of conservation communities. Revitalizing and Reinforcing the Natural Disaster Management Committees in Each Landscape USAID Mikajy discussed and drafted an MoU this quarter with the Bureau National de Gestion de Risques et Catastrophes (BNGRC) and Medair to strengthen local structures responsible for risk and disaster management. The objective of this collaboration is to help reduce preventable deaths from weather uncertainty and strengthen the resiliency of disaster-prone areas in central Menabe through community capacity building and early action. The focus will be on the districts of Morondava and Mahabo in the Menabe Region. Five municipalities will be targeted: Bemanonga, Analaiva, Morondava, Marofandilia, and Befasy. The partnership will enable the fokontany and the municipalities concerned to develop an early warning system and emergency plan, while also increasing the number of people accessing information, improving education on risk reduction and disaster reduction methods, and providing rapid responses to crises. Joint planning of on-site activities will be undertaken during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, once the regional system for the project is operational. In addition, the project plans to carry out a knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey on risk and disaster management, to which Medair requested support from USAID Mikajy on aspects related to natural resource management and conservation.

3.4 Strategic Approach 4: Operationalize community-based land and resource tenure policy in landscapes/seascapes

Key Result 4.1.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on a shared vision USAID Mikajy working to strengthen the role of target communities in securing their land tenure and property rights as well as to protect their natural resources. Known as the “Territorial Defense of Natural Heritage” strategy, USAID Mikajy aims to improve communities’ ability to access and secure their rights to land and natural resources by establishing local structures capable of ensuring this role. These local structures will be made up of the local community, municipal authorities, local civil societies, and the managers of the protected area. This activity is broken down into the following sub-activities: 1. Conduct consultation workshops to update and improve protected area co-management documents in concert with local communities, including COBAs, administrative authorities, and protected area managers. 2. Develop strategies for integrating land rights and governance of natural resources in community governance structures, or Dina, for the two landscapes.

During the quarter, advocacy activities were undertaken to include land tenure concerns in the grand Dina. These were carried out at the municipal and regional level in Menabe. Progress was also made on developing a dispute resolution mechanism for land conflicts at the Dina level. Next quarter, activities

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 44/83 will focus on strengthening the capacity of key stakeholders (CSOs, local land governance authorities, fokontany, COBAs) who will be selected based on the strength of their engagement with previous interventions and their commitment to the strategy.

Key Result 4.1.2: Develop strategies for enhancing the role of target communities in land and resource tenure rights and the protection of natural resources The power of Dina and community governance structures to resolve land tenure disputes is essential to maintain harmony resolving tensions among communities living in or around protected areas. During Q3 a consultation workshop on integrating land rights into the Dina de Menabe was held in Morondava. The 21 participants included local government representatives and district chiefs, DREDD regional directors, civil society, and partners (PA managers, WWF, VOAHARY, and USAID Mikajy). The workshop produced the following agreements: • It is necessary to conduct demographic censuses to understand who is currently occupying the buffer zones in the Category Five protected areas and share the results. This can be facilitated by the establishment of a memorandum of understanding between the MEDD and the Ministere de l’Amenagement du Territoire et des Travaux Publics (MATP). This step is necessary because the villages located within the Menabe Antimena protected area, and its periphery, have significant impacts on the protected area. Better understanding the scale and location of these communities will help to mitigate and mage these impacts. • Local authorities must lead the censuses and develop a plan to settle disputes. • Internal regulations and actions need to be established to secure and defend core zones inside protected area cores and should be approved by the appropriate authorities. • For land occupied in Category 2 PAs, including protected zones, the Operation Domaniale Concertée (ODOC) approach will be used in collaboration with the Minister of Land Use Planning and Public Works (MATTP; Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et des Travaux Publics) to submit requests to the municipal authorities to meet the needs to secure the heritage of the communities. • The revitalization of the Menabe Dina will be steered by the Region and missions for community awareness raising and consultation on securing land tenure will be in accordance with the directive of the Region. • OIM/REAP will carry out a parcel census in some localities of Menabe Antimena and Lambokely (where the majority of the inhabitants are migrants from Androy). The census will determine the identity of the occupants of the buffer zones, which will be shown in the Development and Management Plan (PAG), pending its update. A stakeholder consultation to be conducted by IOM will also take place before the start of the parcel census. • The actors and partners working in the field of management and conservation of natural resources must insert a line of activity and budget for the support of the Fokontany Chefs.

Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented Reinforce Statutory Land and Resource Tenure Four meetings were held this quarter to integrate land and resources into the Schémas d’Aménagement Communal (SAC) and the implementation of SLC (Structures Locales de Concertation) in four municipalities surrounding the Kirindy protected area, including in Belo sur Mer, Befasy, Soaserana, and Andranopasy. One meeting per municipality was conducted and four municipal decrees relating to the preparation of

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 45/83 the SAC are being prepared. The integration of the resource and tenure rights within the SAC is a critical step in the process of involving municipalities in the territorial defense of natural heritage. After being sensitized about the process of developing the SAC, each municipal Mayor will convene a meeting of the Municipal Council to present the project for developing the SAC. After deliberation by the Municipal Council, each Mayor must promulgate a municipal decree relating to the preparation of the SAC. Each order will be verified by the Administrative District Head and the district head before being submitted to the competent authorities (District, Prefecture, Region, Schéma Régional de l'Aménagement du Territoire (SRAT), DREDD, DRAEP. The development of the SAC will begin next quarter (in harmony with the Communal Development Plan).

3.5 Strategic Approach 5: Strengthen stakeholders’ capacity in targeted landscapes to advocate for and engage in improved community-based land and natural resource management

Key Result 5.1: Key actors in community-based land tenure and NRM strengthened and empowered to advocate and enforce environmental laws Train Organizations on Land and Resource Rights, Advocacy, Coalition Building, and Securing Land Rights/Resource Tenure Capacity building for organizations that were previously assessed was planned for Q3 but had to be postponed to Q4 due to COVID-19. A workshop on environmental justice was organized by USAID Hay Tao/Alliance Voahary Gasy (AVG) during the quarter and attended by senior officers for the judicial police, military, police and regional judicial authorities as well as USAID Mikajy staff. This workshop was designed to build capacity of judicial police and the prosecution of environmental offenses, as well as to generate awareness of the legal framework and content of the prosecution manual. The results of these exchanges enriched the content of the prosecution manual and will inform the capacity building module on the reporting of environmental crimes.

Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened Support Effective Use of Evidence and Prosecution of Environmental Crimes and Support PA Managers, COBAs and LMMA Managers to Track Prosecutions Data from Durrell’s protected area patrols this quarter produced the following results in relation to infractions observed and reported in the two protected areas of Ambondrobe and Menabe Antimena: Table 15: Infractions Observed and Reported in Two Protected Areas during the Quarter

Menabe Antimena Ambondrobe Total

Month April May June April May June Number of 74 131 242 68 47 47 447 infractions

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 46/83 Reported infractions 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

% Reported 5% 0 0 0 0 0 1.25%

The results indicate that while numerous infractions were reported, very few were verbalized and/or prosecuted. The cases verbalized mainly concerned offenses related to maize plantations located around the fokontany of Lambokely. Only one investigation by the OPJ was carried out during this quarter. This low rate is due in part to the COVID-19 emergency and the insufficient capacity of the OPJ compared to the size of its area of intervention. A second and more systemic case for the low rates of verbalization and prosecution is that without donor support DREDD agents frequently lack transportation, gas and equipment to mobilize into the field in a timely manner.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 47/83 4. CROSSCUTTING

4.1 Gender and Youth

During Q2, Mikajy staff in Menabe received gender training from Hay Tao. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic follow up was limited but Mikajy’s SA2 team was able to provide targeted technical support to a women's association in Marofandilihy focused on market gardening. Following the completion of organizational capacity assessments (OCAT), Mikajy also added a gender component to our organizational capacity building agenda, including the organizational strengthening of 30 organizations in July 2020. A gender approach theme was included part of these capacity building trainings organized in Morondava and Belo Tsiribihina. USAID Madagascar contracted with Banyan Global, a U.S.-based consultancy company to conduct a holistic gender analysis to examine opportunities for gender equality, women’s empowerment, and social inclusion. USAID Mikajy participated in phone interviews facilitated by Banyan Global in June. The results of the analysis will guide the preparation of the USAID’s Five-Year Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) as well as USAID Mikajy’s Year 3 Work Plan. MaMaBay Landscape: • USAID Mikajy is improving the resilience, savings, financial literacy, and access to credit of 554 women in the MaMaBay landscape through the establishment of 30 VSLAs to date. Through their engagement in these VSLAs, women are able to access loans and credit during the COVID-19 crisis, and report being more confident in their leadership and decision making. • During the forest restoration of Andranoala in Ambohitralanana District of Antalaha, 200 women were mobilized to prepare the ground and plant 100 hectares. Menabe Landscape: • 87 women received practical training in market gardening, of which 26 were new members located in Ambararata, Belo Sur Mer. The objective is to provide women with alternative incomes to improve the livelihood security for themselves and their families. • USAID Mikajy prioritizes women’s groups to benefit from VSLAs. Currently, 232 women in Menabe are benefiting from this activity and strengthening their capacity to manage finances and savings. The aim is for these women to support their families and base their livelihood activities on sustainable and non-destructive natural resource practices. • The grant to Kew Madagascar supported 100 members of the FOSA youth association, including 43 young women, to participate in the restoration of natural forests and agroforestry in the Menabe Antimena protected area. Youth will be trained to participate actively in restoration and collect monitoring data on dry forests, currently in danger of extinction.

4.2 Technology

MaMaBay Landscape: • USAID Mikajy procured laptops and smartphones for the DREDD in Analajirofo, Sava, and Sofia to improve the collection and management of patrol data. Title transfer documents have been completed, and the equipment will be sent to MaMaBay when COVID-19 permits. While Mikajy provides this technology and training to improve the efficacity of patrols and denunciation of

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 48/83 environmental crimes, technology alone will not increase the number of prosecutions. The enforcement of the law and subsequent arrests additionally requires that perpetrators be identified, officially reported and the authorities have the desire and capacity to enforce the law and make arrests. That is to say law enforcement and prosecutions are a combination of technology, training and behavior change. • USAID Mikajy procured desktop computers, printers, GPS, hard drives, power converters, and solar power kits for three land offices (Guichet Fonciers) in Voloina. A title transfer was subsequently submitted to USAID for approval. • USAID Mikajy provided 12 smartphones, 20 GPS units, and 24 power banks for MNP to support patrols in Masoala. The power banks still remain to be delivered due to delays caused by COVID-10, after which the title transfer documents will be completed. • USAID Mikajy has received support from GeoCenter including satellite imagery for the 2 PLOFs in MaMaBay (the rural communes of Mahalevona and Ambinanitelo). Menabe Landscape: • The Mobile Mikajy platform, via Viamo, is operational and ready to address the high fire season. • Allo Mikajy is operational and informs actors about the offenses that occur in the four PAs of the Menabe Landscape. • Information and awareness systems have also been established to educate communities on specific topics: Allo Ala (forest), Allo Tany (land) Allo Riaka (lakes), Allo Honko (mangroves), Allo Velontena (livelihoods), Allo Tafita, and Allo Fahalalana (knowledge). • USAID Mikajy procured 20 smartphones for SMART patrols in dry forests of the Protected Area Menabe Antimena (APMA) and Ambondrobe and will soon expand to the TGRN areas of Kirindy Mite. Smartphone delivery has been delayed due to COVID-19. • One laptop was procured and delivered to the DREDD in Menabe to assist with recording, storing and disseminating patrol data.

4.3 Global Climate Change

MaMaBay Landscape: • During the restoration activities in Andranoala and Antalaha, USAID Mikajy project conducted awareness raising activities and distributed 250 flyers on the importance of restoration and the impacts on climate change resilience. • USAID Mikajy’s support for Rainforest Alliance and BIO certification for cooperatives is in line with the Government of Madagascar’s national greening and climate change policy. USAID Mikajy also supports community nurseries and agroforestry to increase production yields and improve resilience to climate change. Menabe Landscape: • In collaboration with Direction Générale de la Meterologie (DGM) and DRAEP Menabe, climate information is provided to stakeholders and farmers so that they can plan and prepare their agriculture, fishing, etc. activities. The current challenge is the translation of this information into messages that are easy for communities to understand. Overcoming this challenge will include the use of the Allo Mikajy platform.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 49/83 • USAID Mikajy and USAID Hay Tao/University of Rhode Island discussed a proposal this quarter for a potential PES scheme to address declines in mangrove forests and their ecosystem services in Menabe. The proposed PES would target sites currently supported by WWF and Blue Ventures (BV) and would complement existing conservation activities by introducing a PES scheme (Hay Tao does now work with either WWF or BV at the field level). The proposed approach is designed to bundle payments for multiple mangrove ecosystem services (ES), thereby diversifying opportunities for private sector engagement and generating a more resilient and sustainable financing mechanism for management of mangroves and their ecosystem services. The proposal focuses on habitat for shrimp, carbon sequestration and storage and increased biodiversity. • USFS and the University of Antananarivo (through the PEER project), have also been studying Payment for Ecosystem Services options in southern Menabe, and Mikajy will consider using the data to inform our PES activities. Finally, USAID Mikajy’s collaboration with the Bureau National de Gestion de Risques et Catastrophes (BNGRC) and Medair to strengthen local structures responsible for risk and disaster management is a critical aspect of building resiliency to global climate change. The partnership will enable the fokontany and the municipalities concerned to develop an early warning system and emergency plan for emergencies while also increasing the number of people accessing information and improving awareness about biodiversity conservation.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 50/83 5. COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING 5.1 Collaboration with USAID Hay Tao

• PA Management Plans: Exchanges were held with USAID Hay Tao regarding the MEDD recommendations for updating PA Management Plans. Consultant’s Terms of Reference (ToR) for the PAG update was established with USAID Hay Tao and MNP. The updated guide was also shared by USAID Hay Tao. Once validated by the MEDD, USAID Mikajy will use this guide as part of the process in updating the PA Management Plans. • OPJs: USAID Hay Tao provided support in collecting information from the local and national police in Maroantsetra and Antalaha Districts for Leahy vetting of OPJs. Once vetted, those OPJs will be involved in USAID Mikajy’s joint patrols. USAID Mikajy also shared list of Forest OPJs that it has cleared through Leahy Vetting to be compared with law enforcement officers working with USAID Hay Tao in order to avoid duplication. • PAP: Technical meeting was held with the PAP Menabe working group (USAID Mikajy, USAID Hay Tao, WWF, Blue Ventures, Mihari Association). Consultant ToR finalized and advertised publicly. The PAP guide that will be produced by USAID Hay Tao and used by USAID Mikajy and local partners during the establishment of the PAP. • Payment for Ecosystem Services: Initial discussions held with USAID Hay Tao/World Resources Institute on how to structure a Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme in Vodiriana fokontany. Follow-up postponed due to COVID-19. Follow up action has been postponed due to COVID-19 related restrictions. • Reporting/Training of Environmental Crimes: Training held with USAID Hay Tao on mechanisms for improving environmental crime reporting. Meeting held to determine the mechanism and plan for implementing a regional legal clinic, development of management tools and the advocacy modules. After being trained by the USAID Hay Tao/AVG team, USAID Mikajy trained COBA members who were able to report crimes. • Certification of Agricultural Products and Labeling of Ecotourism Sites: Reviewed and commented on USAID Hay Tao’s report on opportunities for certification of agricultural products and labeling of ecotourism sites. Follow-up postponed due to COVID-19. • Seascapes: Review and commented upon USAID Hay Tao’s report on the evaluation of the governance of coastal and marine use rights in Madagascar. Follow-up postponed due to COVID-19. SWIOFish 2 – Dina Be Bay Antongil: SWIOFish 2 and USAID Mikajy are waiting for the ToR from USAID Hay Tao regarding the homologation of the Dina Be in the Bay of Antongil at the regional level. Before starting the approval process for Dina Be, there was a meeting held between stakeholders concerned with the approval of Dina Be from Antongil Bay. This included WCS, MNP, Mikajy, Swiofish, Hay Tao, PCDDBA, FPBA and the Circonscription de la Pêche. It was decided that Swiofish will support awareness and validation activities at village level. Mikajy will support the validation at the municipal level (ongoing), and Hay Tao will support the validation at the regional level. A second meeting in Maroantsetra is planned when COVID-19 permits when COVID-19 related travel restrictions are lifted.

5.2 Collaboration with other USAID Activities

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 51/83 • Mahefa Miaraka: MoU signed between USAID Mikajy and Mahefa Miaraka outlining the responsibilities of each to collaborate on the expansion of health insurance schemes to cooperatives in Menabe and MaMaBay. A pilot was established with two vanilla cooperatives (Mirary Soa and Liam-Pivoarana) and will be expanded to two additional cooperatives in MaMaBay in FY 2021. • USFS: In response to COVID-19, discussions on how USFS can remotely support mangrove reforestation started late this quarter and will continue next quarter, including potential collaboration with a potential future grantee GPPM. • Cost-Benefit Analysis: A teleconference was held for the Learning, Evaluation and Analysis Project (LEAP III) team to present their methodology for carrying out a cost-effectiveness analysis of the various systems for the conservation and management of natural resources. Discussion about data needed and necessary resources to implement this methodology took place as well. The next step is for the USAID SEED team to hold an internal meeting and convene USAID Hay Tao and USAID Mikajy to coordinate efforts to engage in various initiatives related to the cost-effectiveness analysis. Following this internal coordination, USAID will resume discussions with Integra/Limestone Analytics and PEER on any technical support that may be necessary.

5.3 Collaboration with Government and Other Donors

Coordination with International Organization for Migration (IOM): The REAP program jointly implemented by IOM in Menabe and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Androy aims to significantly reduce the social tensions and conflicts resulting from uncontrolled migrations to Menabe which constitute a serious threat to peace and social cohesion. The regional project is currently operational and participates in the periodic meetings of the Menabe Task Force led by DREDD. In terms of coordination, USAID Mikajy shared details this quarter about our programmatic activities, in particular USAID Mikajy’s activities in community management of natural resources in Menabe (Grants with Durrell, Fanamby, Voahary, and Kew). Also discussed were USAID Mikajy’s promotion of conservation agriculture for maize and peanuts and the promotion of alternative activities to reduce communities’ dependence on natural resources. The establishment of a system to observe migration patterns by REAP could be an important tool for communities supported by USAID Mikajy to support their territorial defense initiative. 5.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL)

The MEL operational manual was updated this quarter to clarify processes for collecting and recording performance data and to harmonize data submission processes for grantees. Training sessions were subsequently held with USAID Mikajy partners resulting in the following outcomes: • Agreement was reached with WCS on the use of data collection tools and responsibilities for providing M&E data. A schedule for data submission has been agreed upon. • USAID Mikajy discussed with Durrell the difficulties in data submission from Menabe Antimena and Ambondrobe and agreed on measures to simply the data reporting process. • The impacts of all grantee interventions, including evidence of the improvement management and biophysical conditions within the AMPA, are regularly submitted by grantees in their reports, and reviewed and approved by the Mikajy technical and MEL staff. Documentation of improved management and biophysical conditions within the AMPA will be reported in the annual report.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 52/83 • USAID Mikajy worked with Viamo to address issues related to the database that tracks hotline calls and improved the welcome messages in order to make it quicker and easier for users to use the system. In Q3, the USAID Mikajy MEL team brought together all partners implementing patrols in protected areas and TGRNs to improve data collection tools. This resulted in a better match of offenses referenced in the SMART patrol database all the way through to the level of prosecution. USAID Mikajy has also developed and disseminated a concept note on measuring improvements in biophysical conditions (Indicator 6.1). Initial preparations for the P&R with Measuring Impact took place this quarter. A Training of Trainers sessions was completed between April 26-29 with the USAID Mikajy SA Specialists, Landscape Coordinators and Regional MEL specialists. A kick-off meeting was held with all USAID Mikajy partners on June 24 to explain the P&R process and collect information for the related exercises.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 53/83 6. ADMINISTRATION 6.1 Human Resources

This quarter was marked by the recruitment of several new staff including a Director of Administration and Finance (DAF) on July 1, a Grants Manager on June 15, a MEL Assistant on June 15. A new COP candidate was also identified and a request for Key Personnel replacement was submitted on June 15 to USAID. Mr. Geofrey Katushabe, Tetra Tech’s Finance and Administration Specialist, also provided backstop support and training to the new Director of Administration and Finance during the quarter. 6.2 Procurement

• 24 power banks for MNP (delivery delayed by COVID-19) • One laptop for DREDD Menabe • Three smartphones and three laptops for DREDD Analanjirofo, Sambava-Antalaha-Vohemar-Andapa (SAVA) and Sofia • Three GPS units, three solar panel kits, three desktop computers, three external hard drives, three printers, and three inverters for Guichet Foncier in MaMaBay • Two motorbikes for MSIS in Antalaha and NCBA-CLUSA in Andapa • One scanner for USAID Mikajy Antananarivo office.

6.3 Administration and Finance

The arrival of the COVID-19 virus in Madagascar at the end of March 2020 created numerous administrative challenges requiring staff to be adaptive and flexible. Prior to the arrival of the virus preparatory steps were taken by the Acting COP to ensure the project was adequately prepared. This included identifying members of a Task Force, purchasing additional cleaning supplies, ensuring staff had enough phone and internet credit, establishing online banking systems, confirming medical insurance policies, and updating contact lists. Medical insurance policies were reviewed as a precaution to ensure that all local staff and their dependents were paid up to date with the local health insurance policy. During this confirmation we learned that Ny Havana would not cover any COVID related medical treatments under the existing policy as this was “prise en charge” by the government. After a long discussion with Ny Havana, they have since reversed this decision and are now covering COVID-19 medical treatments under our policy Throughout Q3, a daily COVID-19 Task Force call has been held on Skype with the Project Manager, Acting COP, Director of Administration and Finance, the landscape coordinators, and the security focal point. These calls are used to provide updates on the virus, take decisions on staff movements and office closures and summarize technical activities in progress. The administration and finance teams have adapted well to the challenges of COVID-19 including, for example, to switching over to electronic disbursement vouchers which are now completed and sent by email. Electronic signatures have also been in put place when possible to eliminate the need for staff to meet to obtain original signatures. Administrative staff have also been instrumental in providing regular updates about the spread of the virus in country, and related measures imposed by the Government of Madagascar.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 54/83 6.4 Staff and Consultant International Travel

There was no international travel in Q3 due to travel restrictions imposed by the Government of Madagascar in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. 6.5 Key Communication Activities

Communications activities this quarter included an update of Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) content for the Allo Mikajy platform in collaboration with Viamo. All USAID Mikajy strategic objectives are now available on the mobile platform, including but not limited to biodiversity conservation, sustainable livelihoods, securing tenure to land and resources and community empowerment. The push campaign was also prepared including topic identification and planning. The first push campaign highlighting fire prevention in Menabe will be launched in mid-July. Communication tools promoting the Mobile platform and the alert system have also been developed. Promotion activities will be extended through local radio broadcasts next quarter. USAID Mikajy also provided increased support to grantees on communications, including guidelines on branding and marking and the use of communication tools (such identification plaques, awareness raising methods, radio broadcasts, and video). With respect to COVID-19, USAID Mikajy’s Communications Specialists compiles a daily press review of news articles about the virus and topics related to USAID MIkajy’s interventions. The press review is shared with all staff on a daily basis to ensure staff are well informed. Finally, USAID Mikajy Activity participated in several international celebrations during the quarter, although due to COVID-19 most events were promoted exclusively through social media only. USAID Mikajy’s outreach focused on informing audiences about the importance of each celebration and what USAID is doing to contribute to each topic. The specific celebrations were: Earth Day, International Day of Biological Diversity, World Environment Day, and World Oceans Day. USAID Mikajy Events Planned for FY 2020 Q4 are in the table below. Table 16: USAID Mikajy Events Planned for the Next Quarter

Official USAID Event Title Event Type Dated Involvement Proposed (Yes or No) International Day of Online communication activity, July 4, 2020 No Cooperatives media outreach International Day for the Online communication activity, Conservation of July 26, 2020 No and radio broadcast Mangroves Yes for U.S. Ambassador Online communication activity to (remotely) approve the World Ranger Day and nomination of July 31, 2020 nomination of two “Conservation Champions” Conservation Champions

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 55/83 7. ANNEXES Annex I. Q3 Indicator Performance Tracking Table

This table reports on USAID Mikajy quarterly indicators only; annual indicators will be reported on in the FY 2020 Annual Report.

FY 2023 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency Target Notes Q1 Q2 Q3 Actual Target (LOA)

1.1: Number of people that apply improved conservation law enforcement practices as a result Annual 400 1,500 of USG assistance (EG.10.2-6) 1.2: Number of local people participating in planning, Quarterly 3,282 8,450 6,475 16,245 12,500 55,000 management, enforcement for improved NRM Progress towards achieving the 1.3: Number of people using FY20 target has climate information or been limited implementing risk-reducing due to the actions to improve resilience Quarterly 59 2,730 1,286 4,075 22,000 60,000 COVID-19 to climate change as pandemic and supported by USG assistance the limited (EG.11-6) ability to mobilize communities in large groups. Additional 1.4: Number of information information products shared and products are Quarterly 0 1 3 4 10 48 disseminated through USAID under Mikajy activities development and will be

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 56/83

FY 2023 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency Target Notes Q1 Q2 Q3 Actual Target (LOA)

disseminated in Q4 to meet this target. 2.1: Value (USD) invested in conservation-friendly enterprises Annual $300,000 $1,500,000 by private sector 2.2: Number of MSMEs, including farmers, engaged with a private Annual 500 2,500 partner through USG assistance 2.3: Value of annual sales of farms and firms receiving USG Annual $300,000 $4,200,000 assistance (EG.3.2-26) 2.4: Number of individuals in the agriculture system who have applied improved management Annual 2,500 9,000 practices or technologies with USG assistance (EG.3.2-24) 4.1: Percent of actors that are part of shared vision who have Annual 15% 75% action plans aligned with the NRM and land tenure shared vision 4.2: Number of sustainable financing mechanisms developed Annual 1 3 for conservation 4.3: Number of people with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation, Annual 7,500 40,000 and who perceive their rights as secure, as a result of USG assistance (EG 10.4-6) 5.1: Number of forums/events completed with civil society Quarterly 2 8 7 17 15 48 engagement in policy and tenure rights discussions

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 57/83

FY 2023 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency Target Notes Q1 Q2 Q3 Actual Target (LOA)

5.2: Percent of observed and verbalized offenses that are the Annual 35% 95% subject of a judiciary prosecution 5.3 Number of annual hotline calls reporting on infractions or issues Annual 100 1,200 related to conservation or land use 6.1: Number of ha of biologically significant areas showing improved biophysical conditions Annual 375,445 624,658 as a result of USG assistance (EG.10.2-1) 6.2: Number of ha of biologically significant areas under improved Annual 750,890 1,338,331 NRM as a result of USG assistance (EG 10.2-2) 6.3: Percent of near shore area Annual 10% 70% under sustainable management 6.4: Number of people with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and/or Annual 1,000 5,000 biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance (EG 10.2- 3) 6.5: Number of innovations supported through USG assistance with demonstrated Annual 1 3 uptake by the public and/or private sector (STIR-11) 6.6: Percent improvement in capacity of USAID Mikajy supported CBOs and local Annual 30% 80% government, disaggregated by NRM, LUP, or MSP

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 58/83

FY 2023 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency Target Notes Q1 Q2 Q3 Actual Target (LOA)

6.7: Number of people trained in sustainable Quarterly 99 1,508 3,287 4,894 950 3,850 NRM and/or biodiversity conservation (EG.10.2-4) 6.8: Establishment and use of Viamo’s 3-2-1 system for Annual 1 1 information exchange and training

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 59/83 Annex II. Success Stories

Submitted separately.

Annex III: Grants Under Contract

Five grants were under implementation this quarter as listed below:

Title of Grant Grantee Dates Amount (MGA)

Development and implementation of a September 26, 2019 - firefighting strategy in Menabe Antimena FANAMBY 485,261,671 August 31, 2020 Protected Area

Enhancing village patrols to significantly December 17, 2019 - reduce deforestation in Menabe Antimena DURRELL 457,670,792 December 16, 2020 and Ambondrobe Protected Areas Natural capital restoration for conservation January 16, 2020 - and livelihoods in the Menabe Antimena KEW 337,616,323 September 15, 2021 Protected Area Ecological restoration of the Lambokely and Beroboka North forests in collaboration with communities while developing February 17, 2020 - alternative economic activities that are VOAHARY 314,749, 414 August 16, 2021 sustainable and respectful of the environment according to an effective governance policy Re-establish sustainable and mite resistant bee colonies among 240 beekeepers using improved techniques within 12 TGRNs surrounding Makira Natural Park, in order INSIGHT June 18, 2020 - June 412,704,000 to strengthen and perpetuate the services Development 30, 2021 rendered by bees for biodiversity conservation and increase incomes for local communities. In addition to the five grants currently under implementation (whose activities are described in the core of the report) four grants proposal were under review this quarter by technical staff. These include: • Groupement des Pêcheurs Professionnels du Menabe (GPPM) to improve natural resource governance, restore 120 ha of degraded areas, strengthen community patrols and monitoring of mangroves and marine resources, and establish eight Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs). • Appui aux Investissements Durables (AIDES). AIDES proposes to reduce wood consumption in MaMaBay (in the city of Maroantsetra, and the municipalities of Ankofabe, Ambinanitelo and Mahalevona) while increasing producer incomes through the adoption of better technology (such as improved cook stoves and burners) and supporting reforestation and soil protection. • Armand & Olivier’s (AROL) proposed grants project is named Masoala, Ecotourism, and Conservation. It aims to maintain the ecosystem services of the outlying areas around Ambodiforaha with a focus on local management of natural resources, patrolling, ecological monitoring, sustainable use of resources and income-generating activities.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 60/83 • Antogil Conservation. This proposed grant is focused on conservation and development in Farankaraina. The proposed activities will support patrols, forest restoration and community-based tourism. USAID Mikajy also received eight complete Annual Program Statement (APS) Round Two proposals, which will be evaluated in Q4.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 61/83 Annex IV. Environmental and Climate Risk Management Compliance

Table I7: EMMR Activities under Negative Determination with Conditions

Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts SA1 Key Result 1: Target actors have improved capacity for NRM and PA management and for support to conservation 1.1.2 Support • Conflict between USAID Mikajy will ensure that • Stakeholder consultation • Draft guide for • Consultation with PA update of the communities over updated PA management plans: held on the PAG update updating PA managers and DREDD Protected Areas access to land and in coordination with management plans. on the launch of the 1) Are completed alongside Management and natural resources USAID Hay Tao and community sensibilization • Business Plans for DGRNE. PAG update process. Makira, Masoala, • Disputes between 2) Include mechanisms for Project support for Menabe local actors over stakeholder consultation • The MEDD, DREDD, the update of the PAG Antimena, zoning and USAID Hay Tao, USAID contributes to the 3) Include benchmarks to Ambondrombe, delimitation of MiIkajy, PA Managers are improvement of the measure and monitor their and Allée des different land use all still in the process of PA management tool, Baobabs zones progress, successes, inclusivity reviewing the PAG and to the (gender and vulnerable peoples), update process and involvement of all • Poorly planned or and any negative effects on people developing the stakeholders in the executed management and the environment for which corresponding guide. development of the techniques may adjustments/remedial actions will After validation of the PAG threaten the stability guide, each manager will need to be taken of protected zones proceed to update the and lead to 4) Include measures to ensure PAG. It is only then that unintentional negative equitable benefit sharing the other actors in the effects on endangered task force (municipalities, species or their 5) Require Management Effectiveness Tracking Tools migrants etc) are habitats and potential consulted. negative social (METT) impacts (e.g., loss of 6) Include updates to the income, exclusion management protocol for Zone from traditional lands, Occupation Controlee etc.) (ZOCs) in Masoala USAID Mikajy shall include an Environmental Review of each Management Plan that receives

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 62/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts USAID Mikajy support to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities. The Environmental Review shall consider effects of physical infrastructure, socio- cultural aspects, impacts from climate change, effects of increased visitation and/or use, and requirements of ecosystem restoration activities. 1.1.3 Support • Poorly planned or USAID Mikajy shall ensure that • Creation of TGRN • Report on public • Formalization of the 3 evaluation and executed management CBNRM management transfer Ambondrobe consultations for the Ambondrobe COBAs update of techniques may contracts: Aboalimena, Andimaka creations of three

management threaten the stability Belobaka (May-June Ambondrombe • Consultations with 1) Are in compliance with PA transfer contracts of Community-Based 2020). Consultations with COBAs. resource users in Management Plans, Land Use around Masoala Natural Resource resource users and Ambondrobe and

and in Menabe Management Plans, and other Government of sensitization of local • Evaluation report on riverine populations to (CBNRM) zones due Madagascar planning guidance community actors on the TGRN Antalaha: develop management to conflict over access and documents. importance and Manakambahiny, tools (management to natural resources, framework of TGRN by Poakafo, Fampotabe, plan, specifications) 2) Include measures for Ankotsoko and inability to control the Durrell in collaboration • stakeholder consultation Anjanazana. Evaluation of Masoala inflow of migrants, or with DREDD. TGRNs zoning and 3) Include benchmarks to • Evaluation report on 5 • Evaluation of Masoala delimitation disputes. measure and monitor their TGRNs: Maroantsetra • Update of progress, successes, inclusivity management transfers management plans • A successful CBNRM (Maroantsetra and Iharaka, Ambanizana, (gender and vulnerable peoples), Anjinjako, Rantabe and program may lead to and any negative effects on Antalaha). an in increase in Nandrahanana. people and the environment for employment • District, Commune and which adjustments/remedial Fokontany courtesy visit opportunities, road actions will need to be taken. improvement, or for information and health care. While all 4) Include measures to ensure outreach on the positive impacts of equitable benefit sharing. evaluation of TGRN by CBNRM, it may also the technical team of stimulate migration of

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 63/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts people into the 5) Communal approval of the DREDDs, PA managers vicinity of the PA, an COBA management plan and and USAID Mikajy. acute concern in chart of responsibility.

Menabe overstressing • Stakeholder engagement the outlying areas and USAID Mikajy shall include an with municipal infringing upon the Environmental Review of each authorities, forest benefits to indigenous Management Transfer that administration, VOI, MNP residents. In-migration receives USAID Mikajy support Masoala, Fokontany and may also result in to evaluate potential impacts and COBA on the forest increased production identify mitigation measures or management transfers. of solid waste. alternative activities. The • Assessment of the Environmental Review shall impacts of management consider effects of physical transfers on natural infrastructure, socio-cultural resources and aspects, impacts from climate biodiversity conservation. change, effects of increased visitation and/or use, and • A recommendation will requirements of ecosystem be included in the restoration activities. assessment tool / guide being developed by Hay Tao to ensure the evaluations of management transfers will be done by the DREDD in the future. 1.1.4 Support the • Conflict between 1) Awareness and sensitization • Creation of 8 LMMAs in • Consultation report • Development of a development of communities over campaigns will be paired with Antongil Bay simplified resource

management access to marine and trainings for new fisher groups or • LMMA structuring management plan with • plans, for 12 coastal resources and LMMAs to ensure community Sensitization of resource report stakeholders and users on the objectives of LMMAs and potential loss of buy-in and support. fishermen creation of new income related to LMMA and rules for the 2) Communities will be consulted community exclusion from management of marine and engaged in the demarcation management traditional fishing areas and placement of LMMAs. structures for grounds • Consultations with marine resources fishermen and communities in the 8

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 64/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts • Difficulty in engaging 3) Fishing zone surveillance villages during the small scale fishers patrols will be strengthened. structuring of the 8 LMMAs • Disputes between 4) Dinas will be applied in local actors over collaboration with local zoning and authorities. delimitation of use 5) Ecological information will be zones used to determine best placement • Poorly planned or of LMMAs to support ecosystem executed management conservation and regeneration of may threaten the fish stocks. stability of protected USAID Mikajy shall include an ER zones. of each proposed LMMA that receives USAID Mikajy support to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities. Projects aimed at promoting fisheries shall be conducted in a manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Fisheries Sectoral Environmental Guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. Sub Activity: Strengthen firefighting in the Menabe Antimena PA (GRANT FANAMBY) 1.1.8. Training • Firefighting is an 1) Community stakeholders are • Community firefighting • Reports on training of COBAs on forest inherently dangerous consulted and engaged, and training in Menabe Fokontany on fire prevention activity and without village firefighting committees Antimena led by Fanamby firefighting, including and forest appropriate safety will be reinstated in accordance with the the amount of area firefighting measures can present 2) DREDD Regional activity ERF. (hectares) of forest unacceptable risk. Representative will work cover protected by firebreaks.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 65/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts • Fire prevention alongside the delegated • Cascade training for the involves some level of management authority communities of 8 villages habitat disruption 3) Fire breaks to be established on on active firefighting in which if poorly boundaries of protected area to accordance with the planned can lead to minimize impact, protected activity ERF. habitat destruction or areas will not be fragmented, impede wildlife and core zones will not be corridors. impacted 4) No native trees or crops will be • Fire prevention and harmed in the trimming, only firefighting also shrubs and grasses will be present social risks trimmed for the firefighters if 5) Digging will not be used to not implemented establish firebreaks to protect alongside sensitization soils campaigns. USAID Mikajy shall complete an environmental screening of each new type of firefighting action prior to implementation to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities and complete a full ER for higher risk tasks if identified in screening 1.1.9 Support • Conflict between 1) Awareness and sensitization • Consultation with • Meeting notes from development of communities over campaigns will be paired with regional stakeholders on stakeholder Fishing access to marine and trainings to ensure community engagement in the PAP engagement with all Management coastal resources and buy-in and support development process partners in Menabe on Plans (PAPs) in potential loss of the PAP process 2) Communities will be consulted Menabe income related to (WWF, Blue Ventures) and engaged in development of exclusion from the plan traditional fishing grounds 3) Fishing zone surveillance patrols will be strengthened

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 66/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts • Difficulty in engaging 4) Dinas will be applied in small scale fishers collaboration with local authorities • Disputes between local actors over 5) Ecological information will be zoning and used to determine best approach delimitation of use for ecosystem conservation and zones regeneration of fish stocks • Poorly planned or USAID Mikajy shall include an ER executed management of the fishing management plan to may threaten the evaluate potential impacts and stability of protected identify mitigation measures or zones. alternative activities. Projects aimed at promoting fisheries shall be conducted in a manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Fisheries Sectoral Environmental Guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. SA1 Key Result 2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors

1.2.3 Support • Conflict between 1) Are completed alongside • No relevant actions in MNP in updating communities over community sensibilization FY20 Q3. protocols on access to land and 2) Include mechanisms for controlled natural resources stakeholder consultation occupation zones (ZOC) in Masoala • Disputes between 3) Include benchmarks to and park local actors over measure and monitor any negative zoning and boundaries in effects on people and the delimitation of Menabe Anitmena environment for which different land use and Ambondrobe adjustments/remedial actions will zones need to be taken.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 67/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts • Poorly planned or 4) Include updates to the executed management management protocol for ZOCs techniques may in Masoala threaten the stability USAID Mikajy shall include an of protected zones environmental review of the and lead to updated management plans for unintentional negative Masoala, Menabe Anitmena and effects on endangered Ambondrobe under action 1.1.2 species or their which will include ZOC habitats and potential protocols. negative social impacts (e.g., loss of income, exclusion from traditional lands, etc.) Sub Activity: Restoration of Sahavary forest bridge in Masoala Park with MNP 1.2.4 Support • Conflict between To ensure beneficial restoration Vohitaly Lokaitra Makira • Vohitaly and Lokaitra • Planning for ongoing active and passive communities over activities, USAID Mikajy will: Restoration restoration reports. and additional restoration access to land and restorations in 1) Ensure restoration activities • Production of young • activities in natural resources Lists of community Masoala and Makira. align with a properly prepared PA plants in nurseries, degraded habitats including zoning participants involved in or CBNRM management plan collecting and to ensure disputes, restored restoration. transplanting native wild landscape zones risk destruction 2) Select indigenous species well species into nurseries • Restoration report for connectivity from cattle grazing or adapted to the landscape using indigenous species. Andranoanala Masoala. agricultural activity. 3) Use young plants from local • Compliance with • Proof of signs installed • Poorly planned or nurseries with preference for management plan and for restored plot executed management nurseries managed by the restoration plan for Andranoanala. may threaten the implicated management authority restoring 100 ha of forest stability of protected (COBA or PA Manager) and avoid bridge. zones and lead to creating a mono-species unintentional negative ecosystem by using multiple • Engagement of effects on endangered species communities during the species or their 4) Provide sensitization and restoration: 193 habitats and potential training on techniques to

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 68/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts negative social communities and engage them in members of local impacts (e.g., loss of the restoration communities mobilized. income, exclusion 5) Engage communities in site Andranoanala Masoala from traditional lands, selection Restoration etc.). Use of exotic species or potentially 6) Define use and management • 100ha of area restored invasive species in rules of restoration zone before with 50,000 young native restoration efforts activity implementation species of plants may further transported from local 7) Agree with community on compromise the NPM nurseries in monitoring, surveillance and integrity of the compliance with the patrol measures to protect the ecosystem. Species restoration plan and best area before the activity not adapted to the practices. zone of restoration USAID Mikajy shall complete an may suffer high environmental screening of each • Engagement of local mortality and fail, restoration action prior to communities: 400 people causing unintended implementation to evaluate mobilized for restoration damages and misuse potential impacts and identify activities. of funds. Risk is higher mitigation measures or alternative • Marking of restored plots. with the development activities and complete a full ER of nurseries, especially for higher risks tasks if identified for species endemic in screening to dry forests which grow slowly and are particularly fragile. Installation of a single species increases the danger of spread of disease and reduces overall ecosystem health. Sub Activity: Restoration of Lambokely hard cores and TGRN Menabe Antimena (GRANT KEW) Install eight tree • Risk of disputed land Ensure that plot to set tree • Plant production at the 3 • Report on Voahary nurseries of status for tree nursery is a community land, near sites in Beroboka and plant production: 28 25,000 tree nurseries Ampihamy with KMCC

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 69/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts seedlings each • Risk of small a water point and agreed by • - Request for permission flower beds installed and ensure perturbation of water, community members to collect seed from and maintained. practical training soil and vegetation DREDD Community consultation and DREDD-approved seed for nurserymen cover due to practical validation Collection Authorization on tree nursery training in tree • - Monitoring and management nursery installation Ensure minimal impact on supervision of Follow-up report on and management vegetation from clearing by communities and young nursery maintenance prioritizing deforested plots and FOSA in the seedling • Destruction of burnt areas. No healthy forest will production sites: vegetation during tree be cleared for nurseries. maintenance of nurseries nursery clearing and in the Kirindy, Tanandava, land staking Guidance on where/how to find KIboy, Tsitakabasia, appropriate materials will be Marofandilia • Collection of local provided for Staking, collecting of Andranoanala, Beroboka materials (wood, local materials, and fencing and centre, Tsimafana sites. straw, organic matter) reuse of materials cleared from and fencing risks nursery sites for mulch I encouraged d e n t i f i

Install or upgrade • Potential conflict over Ensure tree nursery site selection • Kew and FOSA • Kew activity report • Plant production tree nurseries: water use between where a water point is available for Association installed and • connect water water for gardening multiple purposes maintained nurseries using Extension of supply, install and for the tree dead wood and shade restoration and Agreement among local shading and seed nursery boxes, avoiding vegetation agroforestry areas communities negotiated regarding beds, design & destruction. water resource use for trees install interpretive • Risk of water resource panels and train depletion due to Ensure minimal impact from FOSA members excessive use by the clearing in the areas needed for tree nursery the tree nursery and maximize

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 70/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts • Destruction of reuse of any vegetation cleared vegetation during tree from the site nursery clearing and Ensure collection of diverse local land staking materials for tree nursery shading, • Destruction of tree seedling bed substrates and vegetation due to the fencing from different areas to tree nursery shading, avoid localized natural resources seed bedding depletion substrate and fencing Provide guidance to beneficiaries on where/how to find appropriate mulch neighboring communities materials to avoid conflict • Reforestation • Risk of misuse of Establish procedures to avoid • Activities in Q3 • Continue the actives rotovators for other rotovator misuse production of seedlings

purposes • Active restoration of in nurseries • Train community Provide professional training in use Lambokely degraded agents, • Risk of accident during of rotovator “Insurance” to take in hard cores in the AP • Strengthen restoration householders & training charge eventual accident Menabe Antimena activities FOSA members Ensure proper management of to prepare • Risk of • Reforestation of 10 ha mismanagement that rotovator use including responding Lambokely in reforestation to accidents sites with may delay work (fuel collaboration with rotovators, management, fuel Rotavators equipped with DREDD storage, etc.) planting, and mechanisms to avoid spilling of oil • Passive restoration: weeding • Risk of noise and or fuel. delimitation and • Prepare sites smokes for animal Ensure that plowing is done in materialization of the with rotovators, within the Protected manner to minimize soil erosion 100 ha passive Areas restoration area digging holes and During hole digging, backfill holes backfilling • Risk of spilling oil or with humus layer first then the • Restoration of 1.85ha fuel deeper layer, adding additional in the Lambokely core are • Soil loss/erosion manure if possible, use reused causing siltation of land plastic bags that communities can bring as their contribution to the

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 71/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts downstream during nursery production or (ii) use seed heavy rain balls • Risk of soil fertility Risk of poor community diminution due to organization regarding monitoring rainwater leaching and maintenance of reforestation efforts Promote • Risk of vegetation Use cassava stakes instead of • Activities in Q3. Community Coaching sustainable depletion due to natural vegetation Report

agroforestry and extraction of stakes • Establishment of two Agroforestry will be developed on establish patches from natural forest demonstration sites of fallow land, not in new slash and of home forests dynamic agroforestry in • Risk of land tenure burn sites Ivoloina, peripheral zone disputes of AP Makira with WCS: association of cultivation • Risk of crop with cocoa. production extension leading to new slash and burn 1.2.7 Support • Firefighting is an 1) Community stakeholders are Fire management in Menabe • Report on community • Continued implementation inherently dangerous consulted and engaged, and village Antimena PA firefighting training strengthening of of firefighting activity and without firefighting committees will be patrols and • Continued training • control measures appropriate safety reinstated KMMFA patrol and monitoring communities on fire (sensitization, measures can present surveillance report, fire 2) DREDD Regional management techniques preparation, and unacceptable risk. committee report Representative will work implementation) • Strengthened capacity of • • Fire prevention alongside the delegated Report on the patrols, fire monitoring involves some level of management authority installation of committees, KMMFA habitat disruption firebreaks. 3) Fire breaks to be established patrollers and local which if poorly on boundaries of protected area committees for • Active firefighting planned can lead to to minimize impact, protected reforestation monitoring. Report habitat destruction or areas will not be fragmented, and impede wildlife core zones will not be impacted • Grant Fanamby: corridors. Installation of 15 km of 4) No native trees or crops will firebreaks with the local • Fire prevention and be harmed in the trimming, only population in hard core firefighting also forest areas sensitive to

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 72/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts present social risks shrubs and grasses will be fire surrounding the 8 for the firefighters if trimmed villages. Firebreaks not implemented complied with the 5) Digging will not be used to alongside sensitization established mitigation establish firebreaks to protect campaigns. plan: 10m in width, no soils destruction of native USAID Mikajy shall complete an species, proper disposal environmental screening of each of plant debris on each new type of firefighting action side of the firebreaks, 2 prior to implementation to km of firewalls per village. evaluate potential impacts and Strong engagement of identify mitigation measures or local villages. alternative activities and complete Active firefighting (June 2020) a full ER for higher risk tasks if in Lambokely, Tanandava, identified in screening Beroboka • Mobilization of trained firefighters • Use of firefighting kits • Mobilization of all actors: exemplary collaboration of the different entities under the leadership of the CEEF of Belo Tsiribihina, according to the directives of the DREDD Menabe, as well as of the Mayor of Beroboka Nord. • Fokontany Lambokely: Fokontany Chief, VOI, Fokonolona, local restoration monitoring committee

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 73/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts (CLSR/Voahary), KMMFA, Durrell, Fanamby, KMDT. • Fokontany Tanandava: Fokontany Chief, VOI, Fokonolona, KMMFA, Durrell, KMDT, Fanamby.

1.2.8 Support the • Conflict between 1) Awareness and sensitization Strengthening of Dinabe • Stakeholder and LMMA implementation communities over campaigns will be paired with Antongil Bay consultation report on of management of access to marine and trainings for new fisher groups or the update to the sustainable coastal resources and LMMAs to ensure community • Consultation with Antongil Dinabe fisheries for potential loss of buy-in and support fishermen’s groups,

LMMAs in Bay of income related to LMMA, Communes, • Reports on awareness 2) Communities will be consulted Antongil and in exclusion from Fokontany for validation raising in the 6 new and engaged in the demarcation Menabe traditional fishing of amendment by the LMMAs and placement of LMMAs Antongil Dina. grounds • Structuring report for 3) Fishing zone surveillance Creation of the 6 new the 6 LMMAs, including • Difficulty in engaging patrols will be strengthened small-scale fishers LMMA BA lists of participants 4) Dinas will be applied in • Disputes between • Sensitization of the • Menabe stakeholder collaboration with local communities of fishermen consultation report local actors over authorities zoning and in the 6 LMMA sites: delimitation of use 5) Ecological information will be Ambanizana, zones used to determine best placement Nandrahanana, Rantabe, of LMMAs to support ecosystem Anoronomby, • Poorly planned or conservation and regeneration of Fontsimaro, Mahasoa. executed management fish stocks Outreach and information may threaten the sharing on the stability of protected USAID Mikajy shall include an ER establishment of LMMAs, zones. of each proposed LMMA that management, receives USAID Mikajy support to responsibilities and evaluate potential impacts and distribution of benefits. identify mitigation measures or alternative activities. • Consultation with fishermen and resource users on the structuring of the 6 LMMAs and

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 74/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts preparation of a simplified management plan by LMMA. Strengthening of Dinabe Menabe • Consultation with local actors, regional and district authorities, mayor and communities on the integration of environmental management and marine resources in the Menabe Dinabe.

1.2.9 Support • Conflict between Restoration activities under this • Activities in Q3. MNP to meet communities over action are part of the Masoala • UNESCO access to land and Management Plan authored by Implementation of a requirements for natural resources MNP that was created in restoration plan for PN Masoala to compliance with national Masoala Park 100 ha of help remove the • Disputes between environmental guidelines and area restored with the Antsinanana local actors over included mechanisms for participation of forests from the zoning and stakeholder engagement. communities list of world delimitation of Under activity 1.1.2 above, the Andranoanala Masoala heritage sites in different land use management plan for Masoala will Restoration peril zones be subject to an Environmental • 100ha of area restored • Poorly planned or Review which will include with 50,000 young native executed management screening of proposed sites for species plants transported may threaten the restoration. from local MNP nurseries stability of protected in compliance with zones and lead to To ensure successful restoration restoration plan and best unintentional negative activities USAID Mikajy will practices. effects on endangered investigate the drivers of initial species or their ecosystem degradation and • Engagement of local habitats and potential ensure appropriate measures are communities: 400 people in place to mitigate those drivers

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 75/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts negative social before implementation during the mobilized for restoration impacts (e.g., loss of ER process. activities. income, exclusion from traditional lands, etc.) SA2 KR 1 Conservation friendly private sector investment increased in target areas 2.1.2 Promote • Potential impacts Seaweed and crab cultivation • A virtual meeting was • Meeting notes. Social and sustainable crab could include value chains do not involve held with Ocean Farmers environmental

and seaweed introduction of non- introduction of new species or and MNP to plan • Evaluation report of feasibility study will value chains native species through enhanced breeding and as such do intervention sites and the development of take place in Q4. mismanaged breeding, not require aquaculture concerns activity startup. aquaculture value chain socioeconomic issues to be evaluated Antongil Bay

leading to illegal catch • Submitted authorization USAID Mikajy will implement best in protected areas, requests for community practices and take measures to and disruption and seaweed farming in ensure that business start-up degradation of marine Menabe according to systems and enterprises are ecosystems due to GoM regulatory aware of environmental harvesting using requirements. management to ensure unsustainable appropriate environmental • Launch of the call for methods. management plans and compliance proposals for the with Sectoral Environmental development of Guidelines. aquaculture value chain Antongil Bay USAID Mikajy shall conduct an ER to be revised for the fisheries sector) of each fisheries value chain/producer prior to support to ensure verifiably sustainable fisheries in areas that will not contribute to disruption and degradation of marine ecosystems due to harvesting using unsustainable methods SA2 KR 3 Improved Income for Target Communities

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 76/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts

2.3.2. Promote • Commercialization- Issues with high value products or • Pre-identification of • List of local farmers entrepreneurial ion of natural interventions unsustainable yield Menabe peanut with participating plots. conservation- resources could result should be investigated and conservation agriculture friendly in potential additional developed to ensure plots and outreach to enterprises within environmental the activity is non-extractive. producers. membership of impacts. CBNRM shall be conducted in a COBAs manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Chapter 2 Community Based Natural Resource Management contained in the EGSSAA guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. 2.3.3 Support • Ecotourism is linked Projects aimed at promoting • No specific activities in community-based to the Ecotourism shall be conducted in Q3 due to COVID-19. ecotourism commercialization of a manner consistent with best initiatives in natural resources and practices outlined in the MaMaBay and could result in Ecotourism Sectoral Menabe potential Environmental Guidelines, host environmental country environmental impacts as a result of requirements and USAID increased use. Trails Environmental Procedures. for ecotourism may cause soil erosion and/or soil compaction from: a) poorly designed trails that do not follow natural contours; b) people walking off- trail to avoid wet areas or to view unique wildlife; and c) poorly planned or overused

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 77/83 Project/ Identified Status of Mitigation Monitoring Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Outstanding Issues Measure(s) Indicator(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts infrastructure (e.g., camping areas, tour routes). SA4 KR 2 Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented 4.2.1 Reinforce • Although the activity Planning must integrate or • 3 workshops held in Consultation workshop statutory land and itself does not directly otherwise reflect current data and MaMaBay to integrate reports resource tenure affect the analysis on regional environmental land tenure in Communal environment, land use trends, including principles of Development Schemes planning will guide biodiversity conservation and (SAC) and other land use changes, and sustainable NRM adaptation territorial planning therefore, strategies. USAID Mikajy shall documents. inappropriately ensure that support (TA, training,

designated land uses implementation) for land use and • Preparatory meetings for can contribute marine spatial planning the validation of Antongil potentially to conflict, complies/not in conflict with PA Dinabe in 15 soil erosion, Management Plans and other municipalities. introduction of exotic planning guidance and documents; • Menabe advocacy and species, and identifies important biodiversity outreach workshops at degradation of water to be protected; and minimizes local and regional levels quality. conflict over resources. to integrate land tenure concerns in the grand Dina. • Consultation workshop on integrating land rights in the Dina de Menabe held in Morondava.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 78/83

Table 18: Climate Risk Management Activities with Low and Moderate Climate Risk Rating Activities Actions Implemented Steps Taken to Mitigate Climate Risk LOW CLIMATE RISK RATING Activities and indicators Actions in relation to identified risks Indicator 1.3 (Number of people using climate information or implementing risk- Changing weather patterns/extreme weather reducing actions to improve resilience to climate change as supported by USG assistance - events: EG.11-6) is relevant to all activities listed below. Other indicators of potential relevance are included in parentheses. • Periodic task force meeting to monitor pressures on resources and share information on improvements • 1.1.5 Support establishment of patrol committees in areas not covered by and achievements of each actor management transfer contracts (Ambondrombe, Belo sur Mer, and Makira) • Strengthening of community patrols and surveillance (Relevant indicators: 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7) in Protected Areas • 1.2.1 Establish effective coordination mechanisms for co-management of PAs • Consultation and structuring of local communities in and between PAs in the landscape (6.2, 6.3, 6.7) Ambondrobe for the creation of the 3 new TGRNs • 1.2.5 Support implementation, technical improvement and reinforcement of • Finalization of messages in the alert system and Allo community patrols and improved capacity of patrolling entities (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, Mikajy. The platform was updated with new content 6.7) and the user experience simplified. Messages are • 1.3.3 Convene meetings between managers of PAs and CBNRM SMART disseminated in two local dialects. patrols and other actors to share best practices of SMART, patrols, • Installation of conservation agriculture in Menabe. restoration, landscape monitoring (in collaboration with USAID Hay Tao) • Continued collaboration between USAID Mahefa (1.1, 1.2) Miaraka and USAID Mikajy in the field of health and • 1.3.4 Develop a mobile platform module on NRM that provides information to environment the actors of the landscape (5.3, 6.8) • Awareness raising and creation of new VSLAs in • 2.2.1 Identify traceability and certification options in MaMaBay (2.4) both landscapes Future trainings for VSLAs will • 2.2.2 Raise awareness and provide training on market orientated climate smart include information about climate-related risks and agriculture in Menabe and MaMaBay (1.3, 1.4, 6.7) how to reduce the impact of climate related shocks • 2.2.3 Provide training to vanilla cooperatives in leadership, certification, through savings and credit. commercial operations and cooperative management in MaMaBay (6.7) • Update of Dinabe Menabe: integration of Dina on • 2.2.4 Provide ongoing technical guidance to Cooperative Village Savings & environmental issues (including climate change) and Loans Associations (VSLAs) to manage revenues and reduce reliance management of marine resources on/extraction of natural resources during lean periods (6.7)

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 79/83 Actions Implemented Steps Taken to Mitigate Climate Risk

• 3.1.1 Update the list of potential partners and develop engagement plans (2.2) • Consultation of fishermen for the validation of the • Reinforce synergy between USAID Mikajy and USAID health programs at the Antongil Bay Dinabe amendment landscape level including the continuation of mutual health insurance schemes in priority landscapes (2.4) • Facilitate access to and dissemination of climate change information (1.3, 1.4) • Conduct an analysis of the Shared Vision results from FY19 and existing land use planning documents (4.1) • 4.2.1 Reinforce statutory land and resource tenure (4.3, 5.1) • 5.1.1 Facilitate assessments of targeted organizational capacity with fokontany, COBAs, and CSOs (6.6) • 5.2.3 Support judiciary in effective use of evidence and prosecution of environmental crimes and support PA managers, COBAs, and LMMA managers to track prosecutions (1.1, 5.2) MODERATE CLIMATE RISK RATING

• 1.1.2 Support update of the Protected Areas Management and Business Plans • Continued training and raising awareness among for Makira, Masoala, Menabe Antimena, Ambondrombe, and Allée des Baobabs local actors and communities by village on the (1.2, 6.2) importance of fighting fires in Menabe Antimena. • 1.1.3 Support evaluation and update of management transfer contracts around • Community mobilization for firefighting by the Masoala and in Menabe (in collaboration with USAID Hay Tao) (1.2, 6.2) DREDD CEFF, Commune, Fokontany, COBA and • 1.1.4 Support the development of management plans for 12 LMMAs and Fokonolona KMMF (this has been made a high support the creation of new community management structures for marine priority within the METT given the significant fire resources (LMMAs) in Menabe and MaMaBay (1.2, 6.2) pressures this quarter). • 1.1.6 Hold trainings in SMART and participatory ecological monitoring (PEM) • Training of communities on firefighting in Menabe and for park officers and COBA patrollers (6.7) Antimena. • 1.1.8 Train COBAs on forest fire prevention and forest firefighting (6.7) • Implementation of restoration activities in MaMaBay • 1.1.9 Support development of Fishing Management Plans (PAPs) in Menabe and Menabe: use of species adapted to the climate (1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.3) and ecology of each landscape (dry forests, humid • 1.2.4 Support active and passive restoration activities in degraded habitats to forests). Areas targeted: Menabe Lambokely, ensure landscape/seascape connectivity (1.2) Mamabaie Andranoanala, Vohitaly and Lokaitra. • 1.2.7 Support implementation of firefighting control measures (sensitization, • Each restoration site is closely monitored to ensure preparation and implementation) (1.1, 1.2, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2) continued maintenance and to collect data. The • 2.1.1 Promote sustainable vanilla, seaweed and clove value chains in MaMaBay results at the end of FY20 will provide more (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.4) information about the restoration success rate and

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 80/83 Actions Implemented Steps Taken to Mitigate Climate Risk

• 2.1.2 Promote sustainable crab and seaweed value chains and facilitate the will inform future restoration activities to ensure establishment of sustainable maize and peanut value chains with private sector long term resilience to climate change. group (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.4). • Scoping and feasibility study of the algae sector in the peripheral zone of Masoala Park to promote sustainable, climate-friendly livelihoods (results will be available in October 2020). • Awareness raising and structuring of the 6 LMMAs to strengthen the LMMAs in Antongil Bay.

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 81/83 Annex V. USAID Mikajy Organizational Chart (updated July 2020)

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY 2020 Q3 P 82/83