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MANAGEMENT DECISION GUIDE: GREEN AND YELLOW LIST Fall armyworm on frugiperda Prevention Monitoring Direct Control Direct Control Restrictions

l Sow maize l Install traps for monitoring l Destroy egg l Flat sprays over a maize field are ineffective as caterpillars hide. Spray into according to (1 trap per 3 acre) masses and the whorl and furl. If plants are re-infested, repeat spray every 2 weeks. agriculture l are 2-3 cm with mottled caterpillars by department greyish-brown forewings, whitish crushing with l Use with different mode of actions within a season to avoid recommendations hindwings with dark edge hand. resistance. Prefer and pesticides of WHO toxicity class U over more hazardous ones. Fig 1: Damage to maize leaf l Do not plant near l Start scouting 5 days after l Apply neem- already infested based bio- (Photo by S. Toepfer) germination. Continue weekly l When using a pesticide or botanical, always wear personal protective fields products monitoring until tasselling. equipment (PPE). Follow the instructions on the label, e.g. dosage, pre- l Use l Monitor the field weekly, check at least l Spray virus- harvest interval (PHI) max number of sprays, restricted re-entry interval (REI) recommended 3 sets of 10 plants per acre based maize varieties l Apply chemical in calm weather when rain is not expected and certified/ l Early symptoms: Cream/grey egg (Spodoptera good quality seed masses covered in silk on the frugiperda NPV) l Neem (azadirachtin) products. l Not classified by WHO, but considered underside or top of the leaves and l Remove and l Spray a mixture Multi-site action pesticide. unlikely acute hazardous. REI ½ day. PHI stem 1 day. Max. 2 sprays / season. Fig 2: ^ sign on front of head. destroy of water and l Fine hairs. (Photo by S. residues. Deep If you see shot holes and window sugar to attract Toepfer) plough soil to panes on leaves, search for ants to eat young l Spinetoram 120SC @ 100ml l WHO class III (slightly hazardous). REI ½ expose pupae to caterpillars in whorl. caterpillars. per acre. Contact and ingestion d, PHI 3 d. Max 2 sprays/ season. Affects pesticide aquatics and pollinators. and other l Late symptoms: Chewed leaves with l Use predators big ragged elongated holes. entomopathogenic l Emamectin benzoate 19 EC @ l Not classified by WHO, but considered l Use dose of l Search for sawdust like frass in fungi 200ml per acre. slightly acutely hazardous. REI 1 d, PHI 7 fertilizer based on whorls. l Avoid spray at d. Max. 2 sprays / season. soil analysis l Older caterpillars are 1-4 cm grey to silk and tassel l Weed regularly to brownish with whitish and dark stripes stage in maize l Chlorantraniliprole. (CTPR) l WHO class U (unlikely acute hazardous). minimize along the back and sides. Dark head crop 20% SC @ 50 ml/acre. REI ½ d, PHI 3 d. Max. 2 sprays/ season. alternative hosts with a pale inverted Y. Body has 4 Anthranilic diamide group. Fig 3: 4 squared dots at end of dark spots on back in a square. Ingestions pesticide. body. Caterpillars ¼ to 4 cm l Avoid moving infested plants l If damage appears, destroy by hand. long. (Photo by S. Toepfer) l Flubendiamide 48% SC @ l WHO class U. REI ½ d, PHI 3 d. Max. 2 from the field If damage exceeds 5% or moths are 25ml/acre. Diamides group. sprays/ season. l Do not use broad found, consider control. spectrum l Bifenthrin 56 EC @ 300ml/acre. l WHO class II (moderately hazardous). chemicals at early Contact pesticide; IRAC 3A REI 1 d; PHI 3 d. Max. 1 spray/ season. crop stage. Toxic to pollinators, beneficials, aquatics. Pakistan CREATED/UPDATED: 2020 AUTHOR(S): Action on Invasives programme team, CABI Pakistan EDITED BY: Plantwise

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