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Section 12.1 Security Sector Reform

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Section 12.1 Security Sector Reform SECTION 12.1 SECURITY SECTOR REFORM Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 66 Pre‑conflict consideration of SSR ............................................................................ 67 SSR planning during the build‑up to invasion .......................................................... 79 Planning the deployment of police officers .............................................................. 85 SSR across Iraq: after the invasion ............................................................................... 88 De‑Ba’athification ..................................................................................................... 93 Views on SSR: May 2003 ...................................................................................... 100 SSR roles and responsibilities in Iraq .................................................................... 107 UK policing strategy: summer 2003 ....................................................................... 108 Training of the Iraqi Police Service begins ............................................................. 113 New Iraqi security structures ................................................................................. 115 Global Conflict Prevention Pool Strategy ............................................................... 120 Policing strategy: Iraqiisation ................................................................................. 122 Concerns about strategy ........................................................................................ 129 The military take control of police reform ............................................................... 137 Security worsens and Iraqi Security Force weaknesses are exposed ................... 141 Restructuring in advance of transfer of sovereignty .............................................. 149 SSR in the South: after the invasion ............................................................................ 153 Problems deploying police officers ........................................................................ 155 The deployment of DCC White ........................................................................ 163 SSR progress by October 2003 ............................................................................. 167 Prison reform ......................................................................................................... 170 The position in the South leading up to the transfer of sovereignty ....................... 172 SSR across Iraq: summer 2004 to summer 2006 ........................................................ 175 UK, US and Iraqi plans for SSR ............................................................................. 177 UK assessments of the Iraqi Security Forces in late 2004 .................................... 183 Further concerns about Iraqiisation ................................................................. 185 Suggestions for improvements in SSR .................................................................. 191 Justice sector concerns ................................................................................... 198 Delays in transferring security ............................................................................... 199 The “Luck Review” and strategy for 2005 .............................................................. 204 63 The Report of the Iraq Inquiry The “Transition to Self Reliance” ..................................................................... 208 2005 policing strategies ......................................................................................... 209 Strategic Conflict Assessment and SSR project review .................................. 219 The Iraqi Transitional Government ........................................................................ 220 Police and judicial reform ....................................................................................... 221 Request for an “honest assessment” ..................................................................... 223 Corruption, infiltration and abuse ........................................................................... 227 The Jadiriyah bunker ....................................................................................... 229 2006 as the “Year of the Police” ............................................................................ 233 The rise in sectarianism ......................................................................................... 236 SSR in the South: summer 2004 to summer 2006 ...................................................... 237 A decline in security ............................................................................................... 240 Prison Service support in southern Iraq ................................................................. 242 UK equipment for the Iraqi Security Forces: Project OSIRIS ................................ 244 Police reform .......................................................................................................... 247 Considering whether to embed personnel in Iraqi units ......................................... 248 Concerns about strategy ........................................................................................ 251 Restructuring SSR ................................................................................................. 254 Raising concerns with the Iraqis ............................................................................ 257 UK equipment for the Iraqi Security Forces: Project OSIRIS II ............................. 263 Legacy in the South ............................................................................................... 265 The impact of political and tribal matters on the police in the South ............... 268 The Jameat incident and subsequent developments ............................................ 270 The MOD takes the lead on policing ...................................................................... 277 Strategic considerations in late 2005 ..................................................................... 283 Sir Ronnie Flanagan’s review .......................................................................... 285 Reforming the Iraqi Police Service: Operation CORRODE ................................... 288 Further reduction in troops ..................................................................................... 291 Policing reviews: ACC Barton and a Strategic Task Force .................................... 293 SSR across Iraq: summer 2006 to summer 2009 ........................................................ 294 Formation of the Iraqi Government ........................................................................ 294 Improving Iraqi Security Force build‑up ................................................................. 295 An Iraqi security strategy ....................................................................................... 300 Dealing with the militias ................................................................................... 302 Transition to Iraqi control of security begins .......................................................... 305 Iraqi Security Force assessments in late 2006 ...................................................... 307 Developing the Ministry of Interior and Iraqi Ministry of Defence .......................... 309 64 12.1 | Security Sector Reform Reform of the Facilities Protection Service ............................................................ 313 Iraq Forward Plan .................................................................................................. 314 Focus on the Iraqi Army ......................................................................................... 316 Expansion of the Iraqi Security Forces .................................................................. 316 The justice sector ................................................................................................... 320 Mid‑2007 assessments of the Iraqi Security Forces .............................................. 324 US views on the progress of Iraqi Security Forces ................................................ 325 Improvements in Iraqi Security Force capability during 2007 and 2008 ................ 328 The Sons of Iraq .................................................................................................... 329 The UK’s future bilateral relationship with Iraq ...................................................... 334 The strategy for 2009 ............................................................................................. 335 SSR after the withdrawal of UK troops ............................................................ 337 SSR in the South: summer 2006 to summer 2009 ...................................................... 338 State of emergency ................................................................................................ 338 Delivering a Better Basra ....................................................................................... 341 Problems with the 10th Division – mutiny and looting ........................................... 343 Operations SALAMANCA and SINBAD ................................................................. 344 Civilian drawdown ........................................................................................... 351 Tackling the Serious
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