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WOMAN AS JEW JEW AS WOMAN an Urgent Inquiry Sponsored by the American Jewish Congress

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WOMAN AS JEW JEW AS WOMAN an Urgent Inquiry Sponsored by the American Jewish Congress The 20th Annual America-Israel Dialogue • Jerusalem, Israel CONGRESS MONTHLY WOMAN AS JEW JEW AS WOMAN An Urgent Inquiry Sponsored by the American Jewish Congress SPECIAL ISSUE $2.00 February / March 1985 Vol. 52 No.2 LU/VIMI I I CC חכו int G.'V.U.-II'YAI-I JCVV Contents PARTICIPANTS 3 The Significance of the Dialogue American Delegation HA VIVA AVI-GAI Henry Siegman legal advisor, Na'amat; member, Tel Aviv City Council 4 SESSION 1: Opening & Keynote THEODORE R. MANN RIVKA BAR-YOSEF Addresses president, AJCongress; chair, 1984 Dialogue professor, Department of Sociology, Hebrew University 4 On Being a Woman, a Jew, and an Israeli KAREN RONNIE ADLER MICHAL BELLER Rivka Bar-Yosef corporate banker director. Department for Student Affairs, Hebrew 7 Women and Jews: The Quest for PHIL BAUM University associate executive director, AJCongress Selfhood ZOHAR CARTHY GERRY BEER director-general, Council for a Beautiful Israel Betty Friedan Dallas Region, AJCongress ATARA C1ECHANOVER 12 SESSION 2: Discussion of the Opening ROSE SUE BERSTEIN interior designer director, American Cultural Center, U.S. Embassy, Presentations DAVID CLAYMAN Israel Israel director, AJCongress 20 SESSION 3: Women in the Workplace MIRIAM CANTOR NAOMI COHEN 20 Working Women in the United States president, Cantor-Siegman & Associates lecturer. Department of Philosophy, Tel Aviv Cynthia Fuchs Epstein IRWIN COTLER University professor of law. Harvard University 24 Women in the Israeli Labor Force TZIVIA COHEN CYNTHIA FUCHS EPSTEIN Dafna Izraeli editor, Na'amat magazine professor of sociology, Graduate Center of the City AMIRA DOTAN 28 SESSION 4: Women in the Family University of New York commanding officer. Women's Corps, Israel Defense 28 Feminism and Family: A Time of BETTY FRIEDAN Forces author and journalist; founder, National Organization Transition TAMAR ESHEL for Women former member of Knesset (Labor Alignment) Blu Greenberg JOEL FRIEDMAN ROCHELLE FURSTENBERG 32 The Centrality of the Family in Israeli professor of law, Tulane University journalist Society PHYLLIS GOLDMAN DAFNA IZRAELI Michal Palgi political fundraising coordinator senior lecturer. Department of Sociology and 34 Discussion BLU GREENBERG Anthropology, Tel Aviv University author NAAMAH KELMAN 36 SESSION 5: Women in Jewish Religious JUDITH HAUPTMAN Melton Center for Jewish Education in the Diaspora, Practice assistant professor of Talmud, Jewish Theological Hebrew University Seminary of America 36 Judaism and the Feminist Critique HAYA KURZ ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN Judith Hauptman senior lecturer. Department of Psychology, Haifa district attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y.; former U.S. University 39 Feminism and the Forging of Jewish Congresswoman MICHAL PALGI Identity DAVID V. KAHN head of research. Social Research Institute of the Penina Peli senior vice president, AJCongress Kibbutz RUTH KAHN 41 Discussion PENINA PELI marketmaker, Chicago Board Options Exchange program director, Shabbat Yachad 45 SESSION 6: Women in Politics BEVERLY KARP FRANCES RADAY 45 The Political Perils of Israeli Women independent motion-picture producer senior lecturer, Law Faculty, Hebrew University Shulamit Aloni SHEILA LEVIN YAEL ROM assistant executive director, AJCongress 47 The Empowerment of American Women member, Haifa City Council JACQUELINE LEVINE MARILYN SAFIR Elizabeth Holtzman president, NJCRAC; honorary chair, AJCongress senior lecturer and director of women's studies, Haifa 50 Discussion Governing Council University 54 Closing Session JO-ANN MORT HANNAH SAFRAI assistant director of public relations, AJCongress director, Judith Lieberman Institute CYNTHIA OZICK Vol. 52 No. 2 February/March 1985 LOTTE SALZBERGER novelist, essayist, and critic member, Jerusalem City Council Editor Maier Deshell ANN PHILIPS ALICE SHALVI president, Ann Philips Antiques educator; professor, Department of English, Hebrew Editorial Assistant Marianne Sanua ANNE ROIPHE University novelist and journalist Design Peretz Kaminsky NITZA SHAPIRO-LIBAI SUSAN WF.IDMAN SCHNEIDER former advisor to the prime minister on the status of Advertising Gilbert Hoover, Jr. editor, Lilith magazine women CONGRESS MONTHLY (ISSN 0739-1927) is HENRY SIEGMAN RINA SHASHUA-HASSON executive director, AJCongress legal advisor on the status of women, Na'amat published seven times a year by the American VIRGINIA SNITOW SHARON SHENHAV (SHANOFF) Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New founder and chair, U.S./Israel Women to Women; York, N.Y. 10028. (212) 879-4500. Second legal advisor, Na'amat, Jerusalem honorary vice president, AJCongress JANET SHERMAN class postage paid at New York, N.Y. POST- assistant director, Israeli office, AJCongress MASTER: Send address changes to 15 East Israeli Delegation YAEL DAYAN SION 84th St., N. Y., N. Y. 10028. Indexed in Index author and journalist to Jewish Periodicals. SUBSCRIPTIONS: JUDITH BUBER AGASSI BARBARA SWIRSKI $7.50 one year; $14.00 two years; $20.00 sociologist founder, first shelter for battered women in Israel three years. Add $ 1.50 per year outside North SHULAMIT ALONI DEBBIE WEISSMAN America. Single copy $1.50. Copyright © by member of Knesset; head. Citizens' Rights Movement research fellow, Hartman Institute the American Jewish Congress. Unsolicited AVIVAH ARIDOR JOANNE YARON manuscripts will not be returned unless coordinator of social studies, Yahud High School journalist accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped en- velope. Please allow six to eight weeks for a This special issue of CONGRESS MONTHLY Jerusalem, Israel, July 30-August 2,1984. response. contains the edited proceedings of the 20th The Dialogue was made possible by a gift A signed article represents the opinion of an individual author and should not be taken annual America-Israel Dialogue, spon- from the Nathan and Zipporah Warshaw as American Jewish Congress policy unless sored by the American Jewish Congress Foundation, in memory of Nathan and otherwise noted. 341 and held at the Van Leer Foundation in Zipporah Warshaw. Twentieth Annual America-Israel Dialogue WOMAN AS JEW, JEW AS WOMAN/an urgent inquiry Henry Siegman The Significance of the Dialogue HE 20TH ANNUAL America-Israel Dialogue — "Worn- proceedings had taken place, to the King David Hotel, where Tan as Jew, Jew as Woman: An Urgent Inquiry" — spon- Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir were engaged in difficult sored by the American Jewish Congress in Israel this past negotiations over the formation of a new government. In an summer, aroused unusual interest, not only in the Israeli me- unprecedented display of unity across party lines, Tamar dia but in the American press as well. The New York Times, Eshel of the Labor Alignment and Yael Rom of Likud, togeth- for instance, ran two feature stories on the Dialogue (August 1 er with newly-elected chairperson of the Israel Women's Lob- and 5, 1984), and an article in the New York Times Magazine by, Alice Shalvi, an Orthodox Jew, confronted Shimon Peres (October 28, 1984) by Betty Friedan, a Dialogue participant, and Yitzhak Shamir and put them on notice that Israeli women was devoted in large part to a discussion of the Jerusalem pro- will no longer acquiesce to a political system that consistently ceedings. The present publication affords an opportunity to demands that narrow party considerations take precedence examine the transcript of this unusual event. The exercise over women's concern for equality and simple justice. should prove enlightening to every thoughtful person con- For their part, American participants returned to the United cerned with the implications of one of the major political and States determined to create an instrumentality through which social revolutions of our times for Jewish life, both in Israel their newly-focused concerns as women and as Jews would and in America. receive sustained attention. That instrumentality was fash- Jews, as has been much noted, have played a disproportion- ioned shortly thereafter as the National Commission for Worn- ately large role in most of the political and cultural revolutions en's Equality of the American Jewish Congress. The partici- that have occurred in the post-emancipation era. This is true, pation in this commission by such celebrated feminist activists too, of the contemporary feminist revolution in the United as Betty Friedan, Bella Abzug, Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, Letty States. And as was the case with most other modern revolu- Cottin Pogrebin, Blu Greenberg, Elizabeth Holtzman, Cyn- tions, Jews who participated in the feminist movement did not thia Ozick, Anne Roiphe, and from the Jewish "establish- consciously do so, for the most part, out of Jewish motives. It ment," Leona Chanin, Jacqueline Levine, Peggy Tishman, is only recently that these Jewish activists began to examine Sylvia Hassenfeld, and many others, is an indication of the the connection between their Jewish identity and the larger seriousness of this new intitative and of the promise it holds goals of the revolution in which they played so important a for the enrichment of Jewish life both in this country and in part. Even more significant from the Jewish perspective, they Israel. began to raise challenging questions about the connection be- It is our hope that the publication of these Dialogue pro- tween their deeply-felt commitment to women's equality — to ceedings will contribute significantly toward that goal. the releasing of energies that culture and politics have con- spired to repress — and the struggle for the creative survival of "WE ARE MET in Jerusalem," Cynthia Ozick observed in her Judaism and the Jewish
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